La Unión Europea y América Latina y el Caribe ante la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible: el gran impulso ambiental

A. The macroeconomic situation
1. Emerging economies, particularly the most dynamic among them in Asia,
are superseding developed countries in the global economy
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The structure of the world economy has undergone significant
changes, heightened in recent years by the global financial
crisis that struck developed countries with full force.
Between 1990 and 2015, the share of developed countries
in world GDP fell from 64% to 42%. The European Union
and some of its most important economies —Germany, the
United Kingdom, France and Italy— as well as the United
States and Japan have been losing weight in global output,
to the benefit of emerging economies.
Between 2000 and 2015, the weight of Asian developing
countries in global GDP rose from 17% to 31%, an outcome
influenced by the strong and rapid economic growth of
China and, more recently, of India. During that same time,
China’s share jumped from 7% to 17%, while that of India
went up from 4% to 7%. In 2015, China’s share of the world
economy was equal to that of the European Union.
By contrast, the share of Latin America and the Caribbean
in the global economy has declined, if only slightly. The
region’s share recorded its sharpest drop between 1980
and 2002, falling from 12% to 8.6% before stabilizing at
around 9%.
Figure II.1
Selected countries and regions: share of world GDP, 1980-2015
(Percentages)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Developed countries
Developing countries
European Union
United States
Latin America and the Caribbean Developing Asian countries
Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis
of figures from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
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