Hydralazine HCL(304-20-1): Work & Dosage & Side Effects | AASraw
Hydralazine HCl is a hydrochloride salt of hydralazine, which is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to treat hypertension by acting as a vasodilator primarily in arteries and arterioles. Visit: http://www.aasraw.com/products/hydralazine-hydrochloride-powder/
Hydralazine HCl is a hydrochloride salt of hydralazine, which is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to treat hypertension by acting as a vasodilator primarily in arteries and arterioles. Visit: http://www.aasraw.com/products/hydralazine-hydrochloride-powder/
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<strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong>(<strong>304</strong>-<strong>20</strong>-1): <strong>Work</strong> & <strong>Dosage</strong> & <strong>Side</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> 丨<br />
<strong>AASraw</strong><br />
<strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong>(<strong>304</strong>-<strong>20</strong>-1): <strong>Work</strong> & <strong>Dosage</strong> & <strong>Side</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> 丨 <strong>AASraw</strong>............................................ 1<br />
1. <strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong>--CAS: <strong>304</strong>-<strong>20</strong>-1..................................................................................................... 1<br />
2. <strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong> mechanism of action............................................................................................2<br />
3. How to use <strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong>?......................................................................................................... 5<br />
4. How should I take hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> (Apresoline)?.......................................................................... 6<br />
(1) What happens if I miss a dose (Apresoline)?........................................................................ 7<br />
(2) What happens if I overdose (Apresoline)?............................................................................ 7<br />
(3) What should I avoid while taking hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> (Apresoline)?...................................... 8<br />
5. <strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong> <strong>Dosage</strong>..................................................................................................................8<br />
6. <strong>Hydralazine</strong>-oral............................................................................................................................ 11<br />
(1) What are the uses for hydralazine-oral?............................................................................. 11<br />
(2) What is the dosage for hydralazine-oral?............................................................................12<br />
(3) Is hydralazine-oral safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?..................................... 13<br />
7. <strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong> side effects......................................................................................................... 14<br />
(1) More common side effects..................................................................................................14<br />
(2) Serious side effects.............................................................................................................. 15<br />
(3) Can hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> cause problems?................................................................................ 17<br />
8. How to store hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong>(<strong>304</strong>-<strong>20</strong>-1)?.................................................................................. 19<br />
1. <strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong>--CAS: <strong>304</strong>-<strong>20</strong>-1<br />
<strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong> is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is also<br />
used to control high blood pressure in a mother during pregnancy<br />
(pre-eclampsia or eclampsia) or in emergency situations when blood pressure<br />
is extremely high (hypertensive crisis).<br />
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High blood pressure adds to the workload<br />
of the heart and arteries. If it continues for<br />
a long time, the heart and arteries may<br />
not function properly. This can damage<br />
the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and<br />
kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure,<br />
or kidney failure. Lowering blood pressure can increase the risk of heart<br />
attacks and strokes.<br />
<strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong> works by relaxing the blood vessels and increasing the<br />
supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its workload.This<br />
medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.<br />
2. <strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong> mechanism of action<br />
<strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong>(<strong>304</strong>-<strong>20</strong>-1) is a peripheral vasodilator; it causes relaxation of<br />
arteriolar smooth muscle via a direct effect. Although stimulation of the<br />
sympathetic nervous system is associated with hydralazine<br />
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<strong>HCL</strong> administration, this is a compensatory response and not a component of<br />
its mechanism. The molecular explanation of hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong>'s mechanism is<br />
not fully understood; however, similar to organic nitrates and nitroprusside, it<br />
is thought that hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> interferes with the calcium movements<br />
within vascular smooth muscle that are responsible for initiating and<br />
maintaining the contractile state. In contrast to organic nitrates and sodium<br />
nitroprusside, however, hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> is selective for arterioles. The<br />
peripheral vasodilating effects of hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> result in decreased arterial<br />
blood pressure (diastolic more than systolic) and peripheral vascular<br />
resistance. In addition, the hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong>-induced reflex autonomic<br />
response increases heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and left<br />
ventricular ejection fraction. The preferential dilation of arterioles, as<br />
compared to veins, minimizes postural hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> and promotes the<br />
increase in cardiac output even though the hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong><br />
effects of<br />
hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> are diminished somewhat by this increase in cardiac output.<br />
There is also evidence suggesting hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> exerts a positive inotropic<br />
effect on the failing human ventricle.<br />
Animal and limited human data indicate that nitric oxide (NO) may be<br />
generated from hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> that also has an antioxidant quality to<br />
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enhance the effects of nitrates and to mitigate the tolerance associated with<br />
chronic nitrate therapy. The antioxidant effect of hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> can be<br />
attributed to its ability in inhibiting oxidase formation. The accumulation of<br />
oxidative free radicals creates an environment where chronic reductions in<br />
NO bioavailability contribute to a loss of skeletal muscle microvessels. This<br />
effect, in turn, leads to impaired muscle perfusion with elevated metabolic<br />
demand. Studies show that treatment with hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> markedly inhibits<br />
oxidase which plays a role in regulating the bioactivity of NO, produced<br />
either endogenously or when administered exogenously.<br />
Cerebral, coronary, splanchnic, and renal blood flow usually increase<br />
following administration of hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong>, while urinary parameters are<br />
generally unaffected. hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> increases renin activity in plasma,<br />
presumably by the renal juxtaglomerular cells in response to sympathetic<br />
nervous system stimulation; the increase in renin activity leads to the<br />
production of angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone and thus, sodium<br />
reabsorption. Due to fluid retention, plasma volume increases. As a result,<br />
tolerance can develop, which may account for the absence of improvement in<br />
some patients receiving the drug for prolonged periods of time.<br />
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As an antihypertensive, hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> does not lead to improvements in<br />
LVH. hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> may actually worsen LVH, potentially due to reflex<br />
tachycardia and sympathetic stimulation, which may counteract the benefits<br />
of afterload reduction.<br />
3. How to use <strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong>?<br />
Take this medication by mouth with or without food, usually 2 to 4 times daily<br />
or as directed by your doctor. The dosage is based on your medical condition<br />
and response to treatment. Your doctor may start you at a low dose and<br />
gradually increase your dose. Follow your doctor's instructions carefully.<br />
Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you<br />
remember, take it at the same times each day. It is important to continue<br />
taking this medication even if you feel well. Most people with high blood<br />
pressure do not feel sick. It may take up to several weeks before you get the<br />
full benefit of this drug.<br />
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Do not stop taking this medication without consulting your doctor. Some<br />
conditions may become worse when the drug is suddenly stopped. Your dose<br />
may need to be gradually decreased.<br />
4. How should I take hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> (Apresoline)?<br />
Take this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take it in<br />
larger amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on<br />
your prescription label.<br />
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To be sure this medication is helping your condition and is not causing<br />
harmful effects, your blood pressure will need to be checked often. You may<br />
also need occasional blood tests. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.<br />
Keep using hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> as directed, even if you feel well. High blood<br />
pressure often has no symptoms, so you may not know when your blood<br />
pressure is high. You may need to use blood pressure medication for the rest<br />
of your life. Store hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> at room temperature away from moisture<br />
and heat.<br />
(1) What happens if I miss a dose (Apresoline)?<br />
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your<br />
next dose, wait until then to take the medicine and skip the missed dose. Do<br />
not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.<br />
(2) What happens if I overdose (Apresoline)?<br />
Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of<br />
this medicine.<br />
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Overdose symptoms may include headache, dizziness, fast heart rate, warmth<br />
or tingling under your skin, chest pain, or fainting.<br />
(3)What should I avoid while taking hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> (Apresoline)?<br />
Avoid getting up too fast from a sitting or lying position, or you may feel<br />
dizzy. Get up slowly and steady yourself to prevent a fall.<br />
5. <strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong> <strong>Dosage</strong><br />
♣ Adults<br />
300 mg/day PO for hypertension. Higher doses have been used to treat<br />
patients with heart failure; however, doses greater than <strong>20</strong>0—300 mg/day PO<br />
are associated with a higher risk of drug-induced systemic lupus<br />
erythematosus. Titrate IV and IM dosage as needed for blood pressure<br />
control.<br />
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♣ Geriatric<br />
300 mg/day PO for hypertension. Higher doses have been used to treat<br />
patients with heart failure; however, doses greater than <strong>20</strong>0—300 mg/day PO<br />
are associated with a higher risk of drug-induced systemic lupus<br />
erythematosus. Titrate IV and IM dosage as needed for blood pressure<br />
control.<br />
♣ Adolescents<br />
Safety and efficacy not established; however, doses up to 7.5 mg/kg/day PO<br />
or <strong>20</strong>0 mg/day PO, whichever is less, or 3.5 mg/kg/day IV or IM have been<br />
used.<br />
♣ Children<br />
Safety and efficacy not established; however, doses up to 7.5 mg/kg/day PO<br />
or <strong>20</strong>0 mg/day PO, whichever is less, or 3.5 mg/kg/day IV or IM have been<br />
used.<br />
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♣ Infants<br />
Safety and efficacy not established; however, doses up to 7.5 mg/kg/day PO<br />
or 3.5 mg/kg/day IV or IM have been used.<br />
♣ Neonates<br />
Safety and efficacy not established; however, doses up to 7.5 mg/kg/day PO<br />
or 0.6 mg/kg/dose IV have been used.<br />
Take this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take it in<br />
larger amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on<br />
your prescription label.<br />
To be sure this medication is helping your condition and is not causing<br />
harmful effects, your blood pressure will need to be checked often. You may<br />
also need occasional blood tests. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.<br />
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Keep using hydralazine as directed, even if you feel well. High blood pressure<br />
often has no symptoms, so you may not know when your blood pressure is<br />
high. You may need to use blood pressure medication for the rest of your life.<br />
Store hydralazine at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Seek<br />
emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this<br />
medicine. Overdose symptoms may include headache, dizziness, fast heart<br />
rate, warmth or tingling under your skin, chest pain, or fainting.<br />
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your<br />
next dose, wait until then to take the medicine and skip the missed dose. Do<br />
not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.<br />
6. <strong>Hydralazine</strong>-oral<br />
(1) What are the uses for hydralazine-oral?<br />
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<strong>Hydralazine</strong>-oral is used for the treatment of essential hypertension (high<br />
blood pressure), alone or in-combination with other anti-hypertensive<br />
medications. It is also used for treating hypertensive crisis and congestive<br />
heart failure.<br />
Tell your doctor if your condition worsens (for example, your routine blood<br />
pressure readings increase).<br />
(2) What is the dosage for hydralazine-oral?<br />
Hypertension in adult patients:<br />
♦ Start treatment at a low dose and increase gradually based on individual<br />
patient response. The usual recommended starting regimen is 10 mg orally<br />
four times daily for the first 2 to 4 days, increase to 25 mg four times daily for<br />
the remainder of the first week.<br />
♦ For the second and subsequent weeks, increase dosage to 50 mg four<br />
times daily (increase dose by 10-25 mg/dose gradually every 2-5 days).<br />
♦ The maximum daily dose used in clinical studies is 300 mg.<br />
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Congestive heart failure:<br />
♦ The initial dose for treating heart failure is 10 to 25 mg orally 3 to 4 times<br />
daily.<br />
♦ The usual dose is 225 to 300 mg daily in 3 to 4 divided doses.<br />
♦ For pediatric hypertensive emergencies, the dose is 0.5 mg/Kg IV every 4<br />
hours.<br />
(3) Is hydralazine-oral safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?<br />
<strong>Hydralazine</strong>-oral should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit<br />
justifies the potential risk to the fetus. <strong>Hydralazine</strong>-oral is classified as FDA<br />
pregnancy risk category C (Animal reproduction studies have shown an<br />
adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled<br />
studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in<br />
pregnant women despite potential risks). It is used for treating high blood<br />
pressure during pregnancy.<br />
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<strong>Hydralazine</strong>-oral is excreted in breast milk. <strong>Hydralazine</strong>-oral should be used<br />
cautiously in females who are breastfeeding if treatment is necessary.<br />
7. <strong>Hydralazine</strong> <strong>HCL</strong> side effects<br />
<strong>Hydralazine</strong> oral tablet doesn’t cause drowsiness, but it can cause other side<br />
effects.<br />
(1) More common side effects<br />
The more common side effects that can occur with hydralazine include:<br />
· headache<br />
· loss of appetite (anorexia)<br />
· nausea<br />
· vomiting<br />
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· diarrhea<br />
· fast heart rate<br />
· chest pain<br />
If these effects are mild, they may go away within a few days or a couple of<br />
weeks. If they ’ re more severe or don ’ t go away, talk to your doctor or<br />
pharmacist.<br />
(2) Serious side effects<br />
Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your<br />
symptoms feel life-threatening or if you think you ’ re having a medical<br />
emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the<br />
following:<br />
♦ Heart-related symptoms, such as:<br />
· very low blood pressure (hypotension)<br />
· fast heart rate<br />
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· dizziness or disorientation<br />
· swelling in your arms and legs<br />
♦ Nerve problems. Symptoms can include:<br />
· numbness<br />
· tingling<br />
· prickling or itching of your skin<br />
♦ Depression or anxiety. Symptoms can include:<br />
· feeling down or not like yourself<br />
· changes in appetite<br />
· feeling worried or on edge<br />
· not being interested in activities you normally enjoy<br />
♦ Allergic reaction. Symptoms can include:<br />
· skin rash<br />
· itching skin<br />
· redness to your skin<br />
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· fever<br />
· chills<br />
· pain in your joints<br />
· Trouble breathing<br />
· Severe constipation<br />
· Trouble urinating<br />
(3) Can hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> cause problems?<br />
Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted<br />
side-effects although not everyone experiences them. The table below<br />
contains some of the more common ones associated with hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong>.<br />
The best place to find a full list of the side-effects which can be associated<br />
with your medicine, is from the manufacturer's printed information leaflet<br />
supplied with the medicine. Alternatively, you can find an example of a<br />
manufacturer's information leaflet in the reference section below. Speak with<br />
your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become<br />
troublesome.<br />
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Can hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong> cause problems?<br />
Very common hydralazine<br />
side-effects (these affect more<br />
What can I do if I experience this?<br />
than 1 in 10 people)<br />
Drink plenty of water and ask your<br />
Headache<br />
pharmacist to recommend a suitable<br />
painkiller. If the headache continues,<br />
speak with your doctor<br />
A fast heartbeat, the sensation of<br />
having a 'thumping heart'<br />
(palpitations)<br />
If you are concerned, speak with your<br />
doctor<br />
Common hydralazine<br />
side-effects (these affect less<br />
What can I do if I experience this?<br />
than 1 in 10 people)<br />
Feeling flushed, swollen feet or<br />
ankles, chest pain<br />
If any of these symptoms continue or<br />
cause you concern, speak with your<br />
doctor<br />
If this happens, sit down for a while until<br />
Feeling dizzy<br />
you feel better. Do not drive and do not<br />
use tools or machines while affected. Do<br />
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not drink alcohol<br />
Feeling sick or being sick<br />
(vomiting), diarrhoea<br />
Eat simple meals and drink plenty of<br />
water to replace lost fluids<br />
Speak with your doctor about this as<br />
Joint or muscle pain<br />
soon as possible. It may be an early sign<br />
of systemic lupus erythematosus-like<br />
syndrome<br />
If you experience any other symptoms which you think may be due to<br />
the hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong>, please speak with your doctor or pharmacist for further<br />
advice.<br />
8. How to store hydralazine <strong>HCL</strong>(<strong>304</strong>-<strong>20</strong>-1)?<br />
♦ Keep all medicines out of the sight and reach of children.<br />
♦ Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.<br />
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