Demonstrating PLC over J1772 During PEV Charging for ...

Demonstrating PLC over J1772 

During PEV Charging for 

Application at Military Microgrids 

Mike Simpson 

Mike.Simpson@NREL.gov 

Team Members: 

Myungsoo Jun 

Mike Kuss 

Tony Markel (lead) 

28 June 2012 

This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information. 

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Agenda 

• NREL Electric Vehicle Grid Integration 

(EVGI) Background 

• SPIDERS and Military Microgrids 

• Proposed Messaging for bi-directional 

vehicle charging (V2x) 

• Power Line Communications (PLC) 

Hardware Implementation 

• Lessons Learned 

• Next Steps 

2

What is Electric Vehicle Grid Integration (EVGI)? 

3

SPIDERS: JCTD 

• Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for 

Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS) 

– Joint Command Technology Demonstration (JCTD) 

• NORTHCOM + PACOM 

– Demonstrate: 

• Cyber-security of electric grid 

• Smart Grid technologies & applications 

• Islanded micro-grid 

• Demand-side management 

• Redundant back-up power systems 

• Integration of distributed/intermittent renewables 

• Fort Carson: “Triple Net Zero” Installation 

– Currently have 2-MW Solar array on-base 

• Demo-ing several other RE tech on-site 

– Project goal is to demonstrate: 

• Large-scale renewables 

• Smart micro-grid 

• Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) with Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) 

Smith Newton Electric Truck; NREL PIX 17631 

4

Diagram courtesy Dean McGrew, TARDEC 

SPIDERS PEV Charge Interface 

Representative Block Diagram, TARDEC 

5

SAE J2847/3 Message Initialization Procedure 

Disconnected 

Pilot= 

State A 

(disconnected) 

Not Ready 

· EVSE prompts user to 

disconnect 

· EVSE disables current 

flow 

· PEV ensures that 

connector is unlocked 

Contactor = 

Opened 

Shutdown/2 

· PEV performs welded checks 

· PEV opens contactor 

· PEV unlocks connector 

Connector = 

Unlocked 

Fault 

· UI prompts driver before exiting, e.g. “Leaving 

around 4:30pm today?” 

àIf no explicit confirmation, Grid Control = 1 

Pilot= 

State B 

Shutdown/1 

Fault 

· PEV requests zero current 

· PEV waits for safe voltage level 

Initialization 

· EVSE/PEV exchange 

operating limits 

· PEV locks connector 

· EVSE performs Internal 

Isolation Monitoring 

Vehicle Ready = TRUE 

AND 

Connector = Locked 

(to restart charging) 

Fault 

Fault 

Fault 

Pilot = State B 

Charge Complete = 1 

Black text is in original 2847/1 and 2847/2 

Red text is proposed for 2847/3 

Connector = Locked AND 

Charger Status = Isolation Monitoring Active 

Isolation Monitoring 

· EVSE may continue to check 

isolation on its side of the PEV 

contactor 

· PEV monitors isolation on its 

side of the contactor 

Fault 

Precharge 

Pilot= State C or D 

AND 

Vehicle Ready = TRUE 

· EVSE enables HV DC output 

· PEV requests voltage and small 

current 

· EVSE controls to PEV request 

· PEV waits for voltage to match ESS 

· EVSE sends Grid Control request if 

V2G capable 

· PEV acknowledges Grid Control 

request (or denies/ignores) 

Voltages matched AND 

Grid Control = 0 

(PEV closes contactor) 

Energy Transfer 

· PEV continuously monitors HV 

isolation 

· PEV controls current level request 

· EVSE transfers energy per PEV 

Request 

Fault OR 

Pilot=State B 

Charge Complete = 1 

Fault 

Voltages Matched AND 

Grid Control = 1 

Digital comm timeout 

> 10T OR 

V/I outside PEV-defined limits 

PreV2G 

· PEV sends kWh Avail, Min/Max I, kWh 

requested & departure time, VehID 

· EVSE sends EVSE ID, returns EV data 

(handshake) 

· IF handshake success = 1, PEV Status = 

“V2G” ELSE PEV Status = “Energy xfer” 


PEV Status = “Energy xfer” 

V2G 


PEV Status = “V2G” 

· EVSE continuously monitors HV isolation 

· PEV isolation monitor not active 

· EVSE controls current level request – 

EVSE transfers current within PEVdefined 

limits (EVSE will disconnect from 

aggregator in the event of low SOC and 

imminent departure by setting Grid 

Control = 0) 

EVSE-Aggregator 

· Aggregator pings EVSEs for the 

following data: Min/Max Power, Energy 

available, Energy request 

· Aggregator sends kW command to 

each EVSE (based on utility command 

and proprietary scheduling algorithms) 

6

Suggested Messages (adapted from J2847/2) 

Variable Description [suggested XML variable name if applicable] Units From—To Standard 

Ecap PEV Energy Storage System (ESS) capacity [EVEnergyCapacity] kWh PEV-EVSE J2847/2 

SOC ESS State-of-Charge (SOC) [EVRESSSOC] PEV-EVSE J2847/2 

Emin Minimum allowable depth-of-discharge [kWhAvailable] kWh Calculated by EVSE J2847/2 

x PEV kWh request [EVEnergyRequest] kWh PEV-EVSE-Agg J2847/2 

X Aggregated PEV Energy available for charging (regulation down) MWh Agg-Utility Rules vary; e.g., CAISO; CEC Rule 21 

α PEV energy available (for V2G) [kWhAvailable] kWh PEV-EVSE-Agg J2847/1 

А Aggregated PEV energy available for discharging (regulation up) MWh by Agg-Utility Rules vary; e.g., CAISO; CEC Rule 21 

Pmin_nom PEV-EVSE-defined max discharge rate kW PEV-EVSE 2847/2 

Pmin EVSE-calculated min power rate based on energy trajectory kW EVSE-Agg 2847/1 

Pmax; ū PEV-EVSE-defined max charge rate kW PEV-EVSE-Agg 2847/2 

Pmin_agg Aggregated minimum power output capability MW Agg-Utility Rules vary; e.g., CAISO; CEC Rule 21 

Pmax_agg Aggregated minimum power output capability MW Agg-Utility Rules vary; e.g., CAISO; CEC Rule 21 

Pagg Power command from Grid Operator (GO) to Aggregator (Agg) MW Utility-Agg Rules vary; e.g., CAISO; CEC Rule 21 

PFagg Power factor command from the GO to the aggregator Utility-Agg Rules vary; e.g., CAISO; CEC Rule 21 

PEVSE Power command from the aggregator to each EVSE kW Agg-EVSE J2847/1 

PFEVSE Power factor command from the aggregator to an EVSE Agg-EVSE J2847/1 

t Time now J2847/2 

TETD Estimated time of departure PEV-EVSE J2847/2 

THTD Hours til departure hours calculated by EVSE J2847/2 

EF Energy forecast (time-dependent array) kWh calculated by EVSE J2847/2 

e Error between energy forecast and actual energy in ESS kWh calculated by EVSE J2847/1 

n Vehicle index (aggregator) calculated by Agg J2847/1 

N Number of PEVs connected to aggregator J2847/1 

Black text is in original 2847/1 and 2847/2. Red text denotes new or proposed options. Blue text denotes calculated values that do not require 

communication among entities. Messages slated to be integrated with Aeych LLC & others proposed changes (6/2012) 

7

V2G Relevant Variables 

• Minimize message count to 

avoid discrepancies between 

PEV and charge controller or 

aggregator 

• Minimize required bandwidth 

• Utilize existing J2847/2 

messages 

• Provide operational flexibility 

Note: ACE = Area Control Error 

8

Simultaneous PEV Charging and PLC 

Communications of PEV State via EVSE 

Photo Credit: Mike Simpson, NREL 

9

PEV–PLC Test Setup 

PLC 

Module 

EVSE 

On-board Power 

Electronics 


Module 

Pilot Line In 

Development 

Board + CPU 

Cables 

PEV CAN-bus 

Serial 

USB 

Custom 

J1772 control pilot 

Development 

Board + CPU 

Display 

Display 

Connectors 

DB9 M 

DB9 F 

J1772 Connector 

Deutch Connector 

Bare Wire 

Connection 

10

J2847 Message Test Platform Vehicle 


communications 

module wired to 

J1772 pilot line 

Photo Credit: Mike Simpson, NREL 

Connections 

to Vehicle 

CAN bus 

Development board 

deployed to translate CAN 

into J2847 messages 

PC display 

11

J2847 Message Test Platform Infrastructure 

PLC communications 

module 

receiving/translating 

signals 

PC display 

Clipper Creek CS40 

Level 2 EVSE (with 

PLC flowing through 

pilot line) 

Development board 

deployed to translate CAN 

into and control EVSE Photo Credit: Mike Simpson, NREL 

Communications 

flowing through 

vehicle, through 

J1772 connection 

12

Planned Next Steps 

• Test all messages 

• Integrate DC bi-directional charging with 

stationary battery and J1772 Combo 

Connector 

• Integrate DC bi-directional charging with 

Smith Newton electric vehicle 

• Demonstrate grid services 

– Frequency regulation 

– Peak shaving 

• Integrate development board functionality into 

HomePlug Green PHY hardware 

13

Special thanks to: 

Our sponsor — 

• Merrill Smith, Office of Electricity, U.S. 

Department of Energy 

Project collaborators — 

• Dean McGrew, TARDEC 

• Azure Dynamics 

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