Archive 99.pdf - Jan-Peter Frahm
Archive 99.pdf - Jan-Peter Frahm
Archive 99.pdf - Jan-Peter Frahm
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats and their present status<br />
Praveen Kumar Verma 1 and S. C. Srivastava 2<br />
1 Rain Forest Research Institute,<br />
Deovan, Sotai Ali, Post Box 136, Jorhat – 785 001 (Assam), India<br />
2 National Botanical Research Institute,<br />
Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow - 226001 (Uttar Pradesh), India<br />
e-mails: dr.pkverma2008@gmail.com, sri_scs@rediffmail.com<br />
Abstract. The status of endemic liverworts in the Western Ghats ‘one of the major Hot spots’ of plant<br />
biodiversity have been discussed in the present paper. The study is based on the evaluation of type and<br />
authentic specimens available in Lucknow University Hepatic Herbarium (LWU) as well as those in<br />
several international herbaria including NICH, NY, JE, FH, G and excicatae of the world and published<br />
data. An overall assessment and evaluation revealed the presence of a total of 54 liverworts endemic to<br />
Western Ghats in India. The paper also discusses those species which were earlier known as endemic to<br />
the area but now show an extended range of distribution elsewhere and also the species earlier introduced<br />
from Western Ghats but now changed their status.<br />
Key words: India/ Western Ghats/ Endemism/ Bryophytes/ Liverworts<br />
Introduction<br />
India has a very rich heritage of Bryo-diversity with varying degree of generic as well as species<br />
differentiation. The Western Ghats of India is one of the 34 hot spots of biodiversity in the world and is<br />
included amongst eight of the hottest ‘Hot Spots’ on the globe (Myer, 2005). The region stretches over<br />
1,600 kilometer, started from Sahyadri of Maharashtra and pass through chain of mountains running<br />
parallel to western coast of peninsular Indian (including Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and<br />
Kerala) and culminates at the tip of the Indian peninsula at Kanyakumari. The Western Ghats is the major<br />
source of water shade due to the southern monsoon filled with water and soaked by the Ghats’ hill ranges.<br />
Due to plenty of water the entire region is floristically rich and blessed with one of the highest rates of<br />
endemism in all of India. The forest type in the area includes deciduous, tropical rain forests as well as<br />
unique fossil forest ‘Sholas”. These shoals situated in between matrix of grassland eg. Mukuruthy at Tamil<br />
Nadu, Eravikulam at Kerala and Kudremukh at Karnataka. The forests of Western Ghats are evergreen not<br />
only due to southern monsoon but also due to mossy effect of bryophytes.<br />
The bryophytes being the second largest group of land plants after angiosperms with ca. 23,000 described<br />
species worldwide include three different lineages the mosses, the liverworts and hornworts (Schuster,<br />
1984; Vitt, 1984, Stotler and Stotler, 2005). They grow on variety of habitats which are subjected to<br />
1
2<br />
Kumar Verma & Srivastava<br />
uninterrupted threat. The ecological importance of bryophytes includes their role in plant succession and<br />
production of phytomass. The most important feature of the group is how the embryophytes evolved from<br />
these lower plants.<br />
With the unique climate and physiography of the country the hepatic growth in Western Ghats is bulky<br />
and diversified. Out of the 7 orders of the hepaticae only the monotypic order Monocleales is not found in<br />
India. Yano and Gradstein (1997) listed 370 genera of hepaticae under 70 families across the world, while<br />
India is represented by ca. 136 (+5) genera and ca. 800 species embarrassing 48 families (see also<br />
Parihar et al, 1994; Srivastava, 1998; Udar, 1976). The drastically changing landscape due to high<br />
population pressure and need of timber for shelter and agriculture land, the forests of Western Ghats have<br />
been severely affected eventually causing threat to endemic elements hence are under immediate need for<br />
conservation. The region hosts ca. 68 genera and ca. 314 species falling in 34 families of hepaticae. The<br />
tropical and subtropical family Lejeuneaceae show maximum generic as well as species diversity (with 20<br />
genera and 85 species) followed by Plagiochilaceae (with single genus and 24 species) and Jubulaceae<br />
(with two genera and 19 species) and Ricciaceae of order Marchantiales (with single genus and 16 species)<br />
respectively. Out of 314 taxa, 54 taxa are endemic (see also Stephani, 1898-1924; Chopra, 1938; Udar,<br />
1976; Udar and Srivastava, 1983; Joshi and Biradar, 1984; Srivastava, 1994, 1998; Srivastava and Sharma,<br />
2000; Singh, 2001; Verma, 2005, Alam, 2005). Interestingly the family Lejeuneaceae shows maximum<br />
number of endemics (22 species). The cause of endemism may be attributed to isolation, fragmentation<br />
and unisexuality among others. The validly recognized endemic taxa as well as those earlier treated as<br />
endemic and now show extended range of distribution other than Western Ghats, are also provided.<br />
Enumeration of Taxa<br />
(A.) Taxa endemic to Western Ghats<br />
HEPATICOPSIDA (LIVERWWORTS)<br />
Order - Metzgeriales<br />
Family: Pallaviciniaceae<br />
1. Pallavicinia crispata (Mont.) Steph. Spec. Hep. 1: 316 (1901).<br />
The species instituted from Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu as Diplolaena crispata Mont.<br />
(Montagne, 1842).<br />
* Specimens not examined.<br />
Present status: Very rare.<br />
Family: Aneuraceae<br />
2. Riccardia perssonii S. C. Srivast. & Udar, Lindbergia 4: 127 (1976).<br />
The species was introduced from Palni hills (Kodaikanal: between Perumalmalai and Shembagnur)<br />
(Srivastava and Udar, 1976). It has since been not reported from any other part of the country. However,<br />
the species occurring so frequently in the past has now become rare.<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Palni hills (Kodaikanal: between Perumalmalai and Shembagnur); alt.<br />
ca 2100 m; Date: <strong>Jan</strong>uary, 1966; Legit.: R. Udar and S. C. Srivastava; 100 R/ 1966 (Holotype – CSIR<br />
collection).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution.<br />
Family: Metzgeriaceae<br />
3. Metzegeria coorgense S. Srivast. & S. C. Srivast., Phytotaxonomy. 4: 81 (2004).<br />
The species was instituted from Karnataka (Mercara) and subsequently from Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu<br />
(Srivastava and Srivastava, 2002).<br />
ISSN 0945-3466
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka (Mercara); alt. ca 1000 m; Date: 30.04.1981; Legit.: A. Kumar and<br />
party; 4455/81 (Holotype - LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution.<br />
4. Metzgeria lutescens Steph., Spec. Hep. 6: 54 (1917).<br />
The species was instituted from Western Ghats but never recollected from any other locality (Srivastava<br />
and Udar, 1975a).<br />
Specimens examined: India Orientalis; Date: 1913; Legit.: Pfleiderer (No. 23); 009907/ 1913, (G -<br />
Fondation Stephani).<br />
Present status: Very rare in distribution, never recollected from its original site.<br />
5. Metzgeria pandei S. C. Srivastava & Udar, New Botanist 2 (1): 16 (1975).<br />
The species was instituted from Palni hills (Kodaikanal: Bryant park) (Srivastava and Udar, 1975a).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Palni hills (Kodaikanal – Bryant Park); alt. ca 2100 m; Date:<br />
18.10.1962; Legit.: R. Udar and V. Chandra; 52/1962 (Holotype - LWU).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
6. Metzgeria indica Udar & S. C. Srivast., Rev. Bryol. Lichenol. 37 (2): 361 (1970).<br />
The species was instituted from Palni hills (Kodaikanal: Bryant park) (Udar and Srivastava, 1975a).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Palni hills (Kodaikanal – Coakers walk – opposite Bartlett house; alt.<br />
ca. 2100 m; Date: 04.01.1966; Legit.: R. Udar and S.C . Srivastava; C. S. I. R. 53/1966 (Holotype - LWU<br />
).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
7. Metzgeria nilgiriensis S. C. Srivast. & Udar, New Botanist 2 (1): 24 (1975).<br />
The species was instituted from Nilgiri hills (Ootacamund) (Udar and Srivastava, 1975a).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills (Ootacamund – Government Botanical Garden); alt. ca<br />
2250 m; Date: 21.09.1962; Legit.: R. Udar and V. Chandra; 182/1962 (Holotype - LWU).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
8. Metzgeria raoii S. Srivast. & S. C. Srivast., Phytotaxonomy. 4: 83 (2004).<br />
The species has been recently instituted from Kerala (Lakkadi) (Srivastava and Srivastava, 2002).<br />
Specimens examined: Kerala (Lakkidi); alt.ca. 1600 m; Date: 28.04.1981; Legit.: A. Kumar and party;<br />
4499/1981 (Holotype - LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution (only in small pockets).<br />
Family: Fossombroniaceae<br />
9. Fossombronia indica Steph., Spec. Hepat. 6: 73 (1917).<br />
The species was instituted from Mangalore, Karnataka (Stephani, 1917).<br />
Specimens examined: India Orientalis: Karnataka (Mangalore); Legit.: Pfleiderer (part of type presented<br />
to Prof. S. K. Pande by Pfleiderer).<br />
Present status: Very rare, only once collected after its original discovery.<br />
Order - Jungermanniales<br />
Family: Herbertaceae<br />
10. Herbertus nilgiriensis (Steph.) Miller, Journ. Hattori. Bot. Lab. 28: 305 (1965).<br />
The species was instituted from Nilgiri hills (Dodabetta) as Schisma nilgerriense Steph. (Stephani , 1905).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills: Ootacamund (on way to Dodabetta), alt. ca 2200-<br />
2600m, Date: 08.10.2000, Legit.: S.C. Srivastava and Party, 12420/2000, 12450/2000,<br />
12480/2000,12490/2000 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
Family: Geocalycaceae<br />
3
4<br />
Kumar Verma & Srivastava<br />
11. Heteroscyphus palniensis: Abha Srivast. & S.C. Srivast., Indian Geocalycaceae, 130 (2002).<br />
The species has been newly instituted from Palni hills (Kodaikanal) (Srivastava and Srivastava, 2002).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Palni hills (Kodaikanal); alt. ca. 2133 m; Date: 04.01.1966; Legit.: R.<br />
Udar and S.C . Srivastava; C. S. I. R. 246/ 1966 (Holotype - LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution (only in small pockets).<br />
12. Heteroscyphus perfoliatus (Mont.) Schiffn. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 60: 171 (1910).<br />
The species was instituted from Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu as Lophocolea perfoliata (Montagnier, 1842).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Neel-Gherries; Montagne, Herb. Taylor (type of Lophocolea<br />
perfoliata Mont.) FH. Coonoor (Laws falls); alt. ca. 1700 m; Date: .28.03. 2001; Legit P. K. Verma and<br />
A. Alam; 13585/ 2001 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
Family: Plagiochilaceae<br />
13. Plagiochila palangenensis S.C. Srivast. & al, Nat. Acad. News Letter 29 (7 & 8): 267 (2006).<br />
The species has been newly instituted from Palni hills (Kodaikanal: Palangi) (Srivastava & al, 2006).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Palni hills (Kodaikanal – Palangi); alt. ca. 2100 m; Date: 14.09.2000;<br />
Legit.: S. C. Srivastava; 13103/2000 (Holotype - LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution.<br />
14. Plagiochila liebmanniana Lehm. & Lindenb., in: Spec. Hepat. (fasc. 2-4): 97 (1840).<br />
The species was instituted from Nilgiri hills by Lindenberg (1840).<br />
* Specimens not examined, currently known only by the lectotype designated as S – B 3650 (Inoue, 1979).<br />
Present status: Seems to be extremely rare in distribution and never recollected after its original<br />
discovery.<br />
Family: Jungermanniaceae<br />
15. Jungermannia pfleidereri Amak., Journ. Hattori Bot Lab. 35: 388 (1972).<br />
The species was instituted from Palni hills (Kodaikanal ‘Madura’) (Amakawa, 1972).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills (Avalanche); alt. ca 2400 m; Date: 02.011972; Legit.: R.<br />
Udar & A. Kumar; 122 S/1972 (LWU).<br />
Family: Lepidoziaceae<br />
16. Arachniopsis indica S.C. Srivast. & Verma, Nat. Acad. News Letter. 27 (7 & 8): 269 (2004).<br />
The species has been newly instituted from dense forest of Nilgiri hills (Governorsholai) of Tamil Nadu<br />
(Verma and Srivastava, 2004a).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills (Governorsholai); alt. ca 2250 m; Date: 10.04.2002;<br />
Legit.: P.K. Verma, A. Alam and N. Sahu; 15496/ 2002 (Holotype - LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution (only in small pockets).<br />
Family: Arenneliaceae<br />
17. Gongylanthus indicus S.C. Srivast. & Verma, Indian Journ. Forestry. 28 (2): 200 – 205 (2004).<br />
The species has been recently instituted from Nilgiri hills (Naduvattam) (Srivastava and Verma (2004b).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills (Gudulur: Naduvattam reserve forest – frog hill view to<br />
Wilson plantation); alt. ca 1600-1800 m; Date: 30.09.2002; Legit.: P.K. Verma and A. Alam; 16165/ 2002<br />
(Holotype - LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution (only in small pockets).<br />
Family: Schistochilaceae<br />
18. Schistochila gaudichaudii (Gottsche) Schiffn., Conspectus Hep. Archp. Ind. 216 (1887).<br />
ISSN 0945-3466
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
The species was described from Nilgiri hills as Gottschea gaudichaudii Gottsche (Gottsche, 1887).<br />
* No specimens examined.<br />
Present status: Never been recollected after its original discovery, hence doutful.<br />
Family: Chonocoleaeceae<br />
19. Chonecolea schusterii Udar & A. Kumar, The Bryologist, 85 (3): 315 (1982).<br />
The species was instituted from Nilgiri hills (Coonoor: Bandishola) (Udar and Kumar, 1982) and never<br />
recollected after its original discovery.<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills (Coonoor – Bandishola, on way to Kotagiri); Date:<br />
01.01.1966m; Legit.: R. Udar and party; 305/1966 (Holotype - LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare and threatened.<br />
Family: Porellaceae<br />
20. Porella chinensis var. irregularis (Steph.) S. Hatt., Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 39: 270 (1975).<br />
The species was instituted from Palni hills (Kodaikanal) as Madotheca irregularis (Hattori, 1975).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Palni hills (Kodaikanal); alt. ca. 2100 m; Date: 1908; Legit.: Andre<br />
(as Madotheca irregularis Steph.); 16788/1908 (Holotype - G).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution.<br />
21. Porella kashyapii R. Chopra & Kachroo, J. Sci. Univ. Kashmir 1 (1/2): 159 (1973).<br />
The species was reported from Palni hills (Kodaikanal) by R. Chopra and Kachroo (1973).<br />
* No specimens examined<br />
Present status: Never recollected after its original discovery, hence doubtful.<br />
Family: Jubulaceae<br />
22. Frullania. alstonii var. pfleidereri Hatt.., Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 36: 119 (1972).<br />
The species was instituted from Western Ghats by Hattori and now recently reported from Nilgiri hills<br />
(Dodabetta).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – Ootacamund (Dodabetta); alt. ca 2660 m.;<br />
28.03.2001; Legit.: P.K. Verma and A. Alam; 13454/2001, 13477/2001 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution.<br />
Family: Lejeuneaceae<br />
23. Archeilejeunea minutilobula Udar & Awasthi, Geophytology 11 (1): 77 (1981).<br />
The species was instituted from lower hills of Nilgiri hills (on way to Mettupallyam) (Udar and Awasthi,<br />
1981).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills (Mettupallyam); alt. ca 500 m; Date: 28.12.1965; Legit.:<br />
R. Udar and S. C. Srivastava; 200/1965 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Very rare in distribution.<br />
24. Archeilejeunea apiculifolia Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 558 (1924).<br />
The species was instituted from Karnataka (Kudremukh) (Stephani, 1924).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills (Avalanche); alt. ca. 2439 m; Date: 02.01.1972; Legit.:<br />
R. Udar and U. S. Awasthi; 73 S A/1972 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Udar and Awasthi, (1981) recollected the species from Nilgiri hills. The species is rare in<br />
distribution.<br />
5
6<br />
Kumar Verma & Srivastava<br />
25. Archeilejeunea apiculifolia var. dentifolia Awasthi & S.C. Srivast., Geophytology 18 (2): 207 (1988).<br />
The taxon was instituted from Kerala (Achilatti forest) (Awasthi and Srivastava, 1988).<br />
Specimens examined: Kerala (Achilatti forest); alt. ca. 2439 m; Date: 22.09.1982; Legit.: R. Udar and U.<br />
S. Awasthi; 5641/ 1982 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Very rare, never recollected after its original discovery.<br />
26. Mastigolejeunea humilis var. ciliata Awasthi & Udar, Proc. Indian. Acad. Sci. 93 (4): 487 (1984).<br />
The species was introduced from Kerala (Udar and Awasthi, 1984).<br />
Specimens examined: Kerala (Kumily); alt. ca 2439 m; Date: 02.01.1972; Legit.: R. Udar and U. S.<br />
Awasthi; 6226/1982 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Very rare, never recollected after its original discovery.<br />
27. Schiffneriolejeunea indica Steph., Geophytology 11 (1): 73 (1981).<br />
The species was instituted as Archilejeunea indica Steph. from Karnataka (Mangalore) (Stephani,<br />
1911).<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka- Mangalore; at sea level; 22.06.1938; 14999/1938; Pfleiderer; (Type -G<br />
as Archilejeunea indica Steph.)<br />
Present status: The species was subsequently reported from Nilgiri hills and Kerala, rare in distribution<br />
(Udar and Awasthi, 1984b).<br />
28. Caudalejeunea pluriplicata Udar & al, The Bryologist 85 (3): 329 (1982).<br />
The species was introduced from Karnataka (Agumbe) (Udar & al, 1982).<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka (Agumbe); alt. ca. 791 m; Legit. D. Kumar, A. Kumar and U. S.<br />
Awasthi; 4732/ 1981 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Very rare and never recollected after its original discovery.<br />
29. Lopholejeunea nilgiriensis Awasthi & al, Geophytology 29 (1&2): 51 (2000).<br />
The species has been recently instituted from Nilgiri hills (Gudulur – Naduvattam) (Awasthi & al, 2000).<br />
Specimen examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills- Gudulur (Naduvattam); ca. 1800m.; Date: 27.09.1983;<br />
Legit.: R. Udar, S. C. Srivastava and U. S. Awasthi; 7190/1983 (Holotype –LWU)<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution.<br />
30. Cheilolejeunea ghatiensis G. Asthana & al, Lindbergia 20: 140 (1995).<br />
The species was instituted from Kerala (Asthana & al, 1995).<br />
Specimen examined: Kerala (Trivandrum - Ponmudi); Date: 02.10.1982; Legit.: R. Udar and Party;<br />
6412/1982 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Very rare and never recollected after its original discovery.<br />
31. Cheilolejeunea udarii G. Asthana & al, Lindbergia 20: 142 (1995).<br />
The species was newly instituted from Nilgiri hills (Dodabetta) (Asthana & al, 1995).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – Ootacamund (Dodabetta); alt. ca 2663 m.; Date:<br />
25.09.1983; Legit.: R. Udar and party; 6863/1983 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
32. Lejeunea perrottetii Steph., Hedwegia 93 (1896).<br />
The species was instituted from Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu by Stephani (1915) as Eulejeunea perrottetii<br />
Steph.<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: (Nilgherries); 1836; Legit.: Perrottet; (as Eulejeunea perrottetii<br />
Steph.) 14271/ 1836 (Holotype - G).<br />
Nilgiri hills – Ootacamund (Dodabetta); alt ca 2660 m; Date: 08.10.2000; Legit.: S.C. Srivastava and<br />
party; 12512/2000 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
33. Lejeunea tenerrima (Steph.) A. Agarwal, Ph. D. thesis, Department of Botany, Lucknow<br />
University, 141 (1986).<br />
ISSN 0945-3466
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
This species was earlier introduced as Taxilejeunea tenerrima Steph. from Karnataka (Agumbe) (Stephani,<br />
1923).<br />
Specimens examined: India Orientalis; Legit.: Pfleiderer; Taxilejeunea tenerrima Steph.; Herb (G) ?.<br />
Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – Ootacamund (Dodabetta); alt. ca 2660 m.; Date: 05.10.1972; Legit.: R. Udar<br />
and S.C. Srivastava; 1388/1972 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution.<br />
34. Lejeunea lowriana Steph ., Sp. Hep. 5: 779 (1915).<br />
The species was instituted from Karnataka (Coorg) by Stephani (1915) as Eulejeunea lowariana Steph.<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka (Coorg); <strong>Jan</strong>uary, 1896; Legit..: Lowrie; (as Eulejeunea lowariana<br />
Steph); 008152/ 1896 (Holotype - G).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution.<br />
35. Taxilejeunea ghatensis Verma & S.C. Srivast., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., India 77 (B): 211 (2007).<br />
The species has been newly instituted from Maharashtra (Mahabaleshwar) by Verma and Srivastava<br />
(2007). The species is restricted only in some patches in moist forests.<br />
Specimens examined: Maharashtra: Mahabaleshwar (on way to Chinaman water falls); alt. ca 1370 m;<br />
Date: 13.09.2001; Legit.: S. C. Srivastava and Party; 14012/ 2001 (Holotype - LWU).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
36. Taxilejeunea nilghiriensis Verma & S.C. Srivast., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., India 77 (B): 207 (2007).<br />
The species has been newly instituted from Nilgiri hills by Verma and Srivastava (2007).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – Kilkotagiri (Kengarai); alt. ca 1850-1900 m.; Date:<br />
01.04.2003; Legit.: P.K. Verma and A. Alam; 16916/2003 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Rare and reported only from type locality.<br />
37. Taxilejeunea parvistipula Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 403 (1923).<br />
The species was introduced from Nilgiri hills by Stephani (1923).<br />
Present status: Never recollected after its original discovery, hence doubtful.<br />
* Specimens not available.<br />
38. Cololejeunea nilgiriensis G. Asthana & S.C. Srivast., Indian Cololejeunea, Bryophyto. Biblio. 60:<br />
27 (2003).<br />
The species has been instituted from Nilgiri hills (Avalanche) by Asthana and Srivastava (2003).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills (Avalanche); alt. ca 2439 m; Date: 02.01.1972; Legit.: R.<br />
Udar and Party; 75 S/1972 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution and restricted only in some pockets of Nilgiri hills<br />
39. Cololejeunea karnatakensis G. Asthana & S.C.Srivast., Indian Cololejeunea, Bryophyto. Biblio.<br />
60: 26 (2003).<br />
The species has been instituted from Karnataka (Jog falls) by Asthana and Srivastava (2003).<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka (Jog falls); alt. ca 600 m; Date: 27.09.1982; Legit.: R. Udar and Party<br />
6516/1982 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution.<br />
40. Cololejeunea hyalina G. Asthana & S.C. Srivast. Indian Cololejeunea, Bryophyto. Biblio. 60: 25<br />
(2003).<br />
The species has been instituted from Karnataka (Jog falls) (Asthana and Srivastava, 2003).<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka (Jog falls); alt. ca 600 m; Date: 27.09.1982; Legit.: R. Udar and Party;<br />
6516/1982 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Rare and has never been recollected after its original collection in 1982.<br />
41. Cololejeunea kashyapii G. Asthana & S.C. Srivast. Indian Cololejeunea, Bryophyto. Biblio. 60: 39<br />
(2003).<br />
7
8<br />
Kumar Verma & Srivastava<br />
The species has been instituted from Karnataka (Jog falls) (Udar and Srivastava, 1985).<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka (Jog falls); alt. ca 600 m; Date: 05.01.1940; Legit.: S. K. Pande;<br />
3775/1940 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Rare, never recollected after its original collection in 1982.<br />
42. Cololejeunea mizutaniana Udar & G. Srivast., Misc. Bryol. Lichenol. 9 (7): 137 (1983).<br />
The species was instituted from Karnataka (Jog falls) (Asthana and Srivastava, 2003).<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka (Jog falls); alt. ca 600 m; Date: 05.01.1940; Legit.: S. K. Pande;<br />
3794/1940 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
43. Cololejeunea foliicola G. Asthana & S.C. Srivast., Indian Cololejeunea, Bryophyto. Biblio. 60: 45<br />
(2003).<br />
The species was instituted from Karnataka (Jog falls) by Asthana and Srivastava (2003).<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka (Jog falls); alt. ca 600 m; Date: 27.09.1982; Legit.: R. Udar and party;<br />
6515/82 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution.<br />
Family: Radulaceae<br />
44. Radula nilgiriensis Udar & Dh. Kumar, J. Indian bot. Soc. 61: 177 (1982).<br />
The species was instituted from Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu by Udar and D. Kumar (1982).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – (Avalanche); alt. ca 2500 m.; Date: 02.01.1972; Legit.:<br />
R. Udar and S.C. Srivastava; 71S/1972 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Frequent.<br />
45. Radula pandei Udar & Dh. Kumar, Lindbergia 9: 133 (1983)<br />
The species was instituted from Karnataka (Mercara) by Udar and D. Kumar (1983).<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka (Mercara); alt. ca 700 m; Date: 01.05.1981; Legit.: D. Kumar, A.<br />
Kumar and U. S. Awasthi; 4630/ 1981 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Rare, never recollected after its original discovery.<br />
46. Radula perrottatii Gottesche Ex. Steph., Hedwigia 23: 154 (1884).<br />
The species was introduced by Stephani (1884) from Nilgiri hills.<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – (Avalanche); alt. ca 2200 m.; Date: 02.01.1972; Legit.:<br />
R. Udar and party; 64S/1972, 73S/1972 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
Order - Marchantiales<br />
Family: Marchantiaceae<br />
47. Marchantia kashyapii Udar & Shaheen, Indian J. Bot. 5 (1): 1-6 (1982).<br />
The species was instituted from Palni hills (Kodaikanal) by Udar and Shaheen (1983) as well as<br />
from Nilgiri hills.<br />
ISSN 0945-3466
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – (Ootacamund); alt. ca 2200 m.; Date: 1962; Legit.: R.<br />
Udar and party; 334/1962 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare, only some small pockets.<br />
Family: Aytoniaceae<br />
52. Mannia foreaui Udar & Chandra, Can. J. bot. 43 (1): 148 (1965).<br />
The species was instituted from Palni hills (Kodaikanal - Beruliar) by Udar and Chandra (1965).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Palni hills (Kodaikanal); alt. ca 2100 m.; Date: September, 1962;<br />
Legit.: V. Chandra and S. Chandra B5745/1962.<br />
Present status: Rare in distribution.<br />
53. Riccia poihaiana A.E.D. Daniel & P. Daniel, Bull. Bot. Sur. India, 135 (2002).<br />
The species has been newly instituted from Kanyakumari , Tamil Nadu (Daniel and Daniel, 2002).<br />
* Specimens not seen<br />
Present status: Only known from type locality.<br />
Family: Ricciaceae<br />
54. Riccia velimalaiana A.E.D. Daniel & P. Daniel, Bull. Bot. Sur. India, 139 (2002).<br />
The species has been newly instituted from Kanyakumari , Tamil Nadu (Danial and Danial, 2002).<br />
* Specimens not seen.<br />
Present status: Only known from type locality.<br />
(B.) Taxa instituted from Western Ghats with an extended range of distribution elsewhere:<br />
1. Heteroscyphus orbiculatus Abha Srivast. & S.C. Srivast., Indian Geocalycaceae, 140 (2002).<br />
The species has been newly instituted from Palni hills (Kodaikanal) by Srivastava and Srivastava, 2002<br />
and now has an extended range of distribution in western Himalaya (Himachal Pradesh) (Singh and Singh,<br />
2003).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Palni hills (Kodaikanal); alt. ca 2133 m; Date: 29.09.1983; Legit.: R.<br />
Udar Srivastava and Srivastava, 2002 & al; 7403/1983 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
Present status: Rare, only some small pockets.<br />
2. Plagiochila beddomei Steph., Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2,3: 876 (1903).<br />
Earlier this species was reported from Nilgiri hills (Dodabetta) by Stephani (1903) and now shows an<br />
extended range of distribution in eastern Himalaya (Rawat and Srivastava, 2007) and China (So, 2001).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – Ootacamund (Dodabetta); alt. ca 2660 m.; Date:<br />
08.10.2000; Legit.: S.C. Srivastava and Party; 12517/2000, 12514/2001 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
3. Plagiochila ghatiensis Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 158 (1918).<br />
The species was introduced from Palni hills (Kodaikanal) by Stephani (1918) . Now the species has been<br />
newly reported from China (So, 2001).<br />
Specimen examined: India Orientalis - Kodaikanal (Ghat Merid.); 1908; Legit.: G. Andre; 011001/ 1908<br />
(Holotype - G). Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – Ootacamund (Dodabetta); alt. ca 2660 m.; Date: 08.10.2000;<br />
Legit.: S.C. Srivastava and party; 12507/2000 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare.<br />
4. Plagiochila indica Mitt. Ex. Steph., Bull. Herb. Boissier, (ser. 2) 3: 532; Sp. Hep. 2: 336 (1903).<br />
Earlier this species was reported from Nilgiri hills (Dodabetta) by Stephani (1903) and now shows an<br />
extended range of distribution in eastern Himalayas and Thailand (So and Grolle, 2001).<br />
Specimen examined: Nilgiri Mts.; Gardner 40 (NY). Ootacamund (Dodabetta); alt. ca 2660 m.; Date:<br />
08.10.2000; Legit.: S.C. Srivastava & party; 12413/2000, 12415/2000, 12423/2000 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
5. Plagiochila sisparensis Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 207 (1921).<br />
9
10<br />
Kumar Verma & Srivastava<br />
Earlier this species was reported from Nilgiri hills (Sispara pass) by Stephani (1921) and now reported<br />
from Sri Lanka (So and Grolle, 2000).<br />
Specimen examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – Sispara; collector unknown; 010961 (Holotype - G).<br />
Nilgiri hills (Avalanche); alt. ca 2200 m.; Date: 9.10.2000; Legit.: S.C. Srivastava and Party; 12572/2000<br />
(LWU).<br />
Present status: Rare, only some small pockets.<br />
6. Plagiochila wightii Nees Ex. Lindenb., Syn. Hep. 43 (1845).<br />
Earlier this species was reported from Nilgiri hills but now it shows an extended range of distribution in<br />
China (So, 2001).<br />
Specimen examined: India Orientalis; Date: ?; Herb. Nees No. 47; Legit.: Wight; Universite Louis<br />
Pasteur Institute Botanique de Strasbourg Consevation der Herbiers (STR).<br />
Present status: Rare, only some small pockets.<br />
7. Porella acutifolia (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Trevis., Mem. Real. Instit. Lombardo ser. 3, 4: 408 (1977).<br />
The species was instituted from Kerala (Anamalai hills) (Lehmahan and Lindenberg, 1877) and now the<br />
species reported from several other South-east Asian countries (Hattori, 1970).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
8. Porella perrottetiana (Mont.) Trevis., Mem. Real Istit. Lombardo ser. 3, 4: 408 (1877).<br />
This species was introduced from Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri hills) as Madotheca perrottetiana Mont. and now it<br />
has been reported from several other southeast Asian countries (Hattori, 1967).<br />
Specimen examined: Tamil Nadu: Monts. Nilgiris; alt. ca 1400; Legit.: Perrottet; 21530 (Type - G).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
9. Frullania acutiloba Mitt., Proc. Linn. Soc. 5: 120 (1861).<br />
This species introduced from Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri hills) by Mitten (1861) and now the species reported<br />
from several other South-east Asian countries (Hattori, 1979).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – Ootacamund (Government Botanical Garden); alt.<br />
ca 2250 m.; Date: 10.10.2000; Legit.: S.C. Srivastava and party; 12808/2000 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
10. Frullania serrata Gottshe, in: Gottsche & al, Syn. Hep. 453 (1845).<br />
Earlier this species was reported from Palni hills (Kodaikanal – Shembagnur) (Gottshe, (1845) and now<br />
reported from several other countries of southern hemisphere (Hattori, 1973b).<br />
Specimen examined: India Merid (Kodaikanal); Date: 1933; Legit.: R. P. Foreaur; Hepaticae Selectae et<br />
Criticae edited by Fr. Verdoorn. 15967/ 1933 (G).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
11. Lejeunea neelgherriana Gottsche, In Gottsche & al, Syn. Hep. 354 (1845).<br />
Earlier this species was reported from Nilgiri hills by Gottsche (see Gott. & al ,1854) and now reported<br />
from several Asiatic countries (Zhu and So, 2001).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – Ootacamund (Dodabetta); alt. ca. 2630 m.; Date:<br />
08.10.2000; Legit.: S.C. Srivastava and party; 12558/2000 (LWU).<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
12. Asterella leptophylla (Mont.) Grolle, Feddes Repert. 87: 246 (1976).<br />
The species was instituted from Karnataka (Mysore) as Fimbriaria leptophylla by Montagne<br />
(1842). The species is now reported from several other Asiatic countries.<br />
* Specimens not seen.<br />
Present status: Frequent in distribution.<br />
Riccia grollei Udar<br />
The species was instituted from Nilgiri hills (Udar, 1965) and now the species is reported from several<br />
other part of India.<br />
* Specimens not seen.<br />
ISSN 0945-3466
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
(C.) Change status of the taxa, earlier instituted from Western Ghats<br />
1. Aneura foreauna Steph. Sp. Hep. 6: 26 (1917).<br />
The species was introduced from Palni hills (Kodaikanal: Shembagnur) by Stephani (1917) and now<br />
synonymized under Riccardia multifida (L.) Gray (Srivastava and Udar, 1976 ).<br />
Specimens examined: British India: Madura- Shembagnur; H. Herbier, No. 13, Hri Vandenbroeck,<br />
Anverse; R.J.G. Foreau 008146 (G - Fondation Stephani).<br />
2. Plagiochila luethiana Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 180 (1921).<br />
The species was reported from Nilgiri hills (Dodabetta) by Stephani (1921) and now synonymized under<br />
Plagiochila nepalensis Lindenb. by So (2001).<br />
Specimen examined: Tamil Nadu: Monts. Nilgiris; alt. ca 2640; Legit.: Leiver; 23266 (Type - G).<br />
3. Plagiochila cornuta Steph., Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser, 2,3: 874 (1903).<br />
This species was introduced from Nilgiri hills (Dodabetta) by Stephani (1921) and now synonymized<br />
under Plagiochila nepalensis Lindenb by So (2001).<br />
Specimen examined: India Orientalis: Nilgherry Mountains; Legit.: Beddome; 319 (Type - G).<br />
4. Plagiochila flavovirens Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 156 (1918).<br />
The species was introduced from Palni hills (Kodaikanal ‘Madura’) by Stephani (1921) and now<br />
synonymized under Plagiochila sciophila Nees ex Lindenb. by So (2001).<br />
Specimen examined: India Orientalis: Madura; Legit.: Valle; 011000/ 1910; (Type – Fondation<br />
Stephani).<br />
5. Plagiohila kudremuktii Steph., Sp. Hep. 6; 173 (1918).<br />
The species was reported from Karnataka (Kudremukh) by Stephani (1918) and now synonymized under<br />
Plagiochila himalayana Schiffn. by So (2001).<br />
Specimens examined: India Orientalis (Kudremukh); Date: 1911; Legit.: Pfleiderer; 011005/ 1911 (Type<br />
- G ).<br />
6. Plagiochila richteri Steph ex. S.C. Srivast. & R. Dixit., Geophytology, 25: 101 (1996).<br />
The species was reported from Kerala (Vagavurrai) by Stephani (1921) and now synonymized under<br />
Plagiochila nepalensis Lindenb. by So (2001).<br />
Specimen examined: Kerala: Vagavurrai; Date: 01.06.1981; Legit.: U.S. Awasthi and A. Kumar;<br />
6046/1981 (LWU).<br />
7. Plagiochila madurensis Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 183 (1921).<br />
The species was introduced from Palni hills ( Kodaikanal ‘Madura’) by Stephani (1921) and now<br />
synonymized under Plagiochila elegans Mitt. by So (2001).<br />
Specimen examined: British India: Madura (Shembagnur); Legit.: R.P.G; 010963/ 191123266 (Type -<br />
Fondation Stephani – Herbier H. Vandenbroeck, Anvers ).<br />
8. Plagiochila nilgherriensis Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 789 (1921).<br />
This species was reported from Nilgiri hills (Dodabetta) by Stephani (1921) and now synonymized under<br />
Plagiochila semidecurrence (Lehm. and Lindenb.) Lindenb. by So (2001).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri Mts. (Dodabetta); alt. ca 2600 m; 1909; Legit.: M. Fleisher;<br />
023268/1909 (Holotype - G).<br />
9. Plagiochila remotistipula Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 201 (1921).<br />
This species was reported from Nilgiri hills (Dodabetta) by Stephani (1921) and now synonymized under<br />
Plagiochila nepalensis Lindenb. by So (2001).<br />
Specimens examined: Monts. Nilgiris (Dodabetta); alt. ca 2640; Date: 15.12.1909; Legit.: Fleisher<br />
12586/ 1909 (Type - G).<br />
10.. Plagiochila vygensis Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 237 (1921).<br />
This species was reported from Palni (Kodaikanal ‘Madura’) by Stephani (1921) and now synonymized<br />
under Plagiochila sciophila Nees ex. Lindenb. by So (2001).<br />
Specimens examined: British India: Madura (Shembagnur); Date: 1917; Legit.: R.P.G. Foreau 010958/<br />
1917 (Type - Fondation Stephani – Herbier H. Vandenbroeck, Anvers).<br />
11. Tylimanthus indicus Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 248 (1922).<br />
11
12<br />
Kumar Verma & Srivastava<br />
The species was reported from Palni hills (Kodaikanal ‘Madura’) by Stephani (1921) and now<br />
synonymized under Plagiochila ghatiensis Steph. by Inoue, 1984<br />
* Specimens not seen.<br />
12. Mastigobryum trifidum Steph., Sp. Hep. 3: 506 (1908).<br />
This species was reported from Nilgiri hills by Stephani (1908) and now synonymized under Bazzania<br />
oshimensis (Steph.) Horik. by Kitgawa, 1967.<br />
Specimens examined: India Orantalis: Nilgherry Mountains; Date: ? Legit.: Perrottet; 011196 (G-<br />
Herbier Stephani, Herb. J. Cardot No. 50 - Type ).<br />
13. Mastigobryum perrottetii Steph. Sp. Hep.3: 434 (1908).<br />
This species was reported from Nilgiri hills by Stephani (1908) and now synonymies under Bazzania<br />
tricrenata (Wahlenb.) Lindenb. by Kitgawa, 1967.<br />
Specimens examined: Hindustan: Mt. Nilgherries; Madura (Shembagnur); Date: 1836 Legit.: Perrottet;<br />
012569/ 1836 (Type - G - Fondation Stephani, Herb, J. Cardot ).<br />
14. Mastigobryum cardotii Steph. Sp. Hep.3: 515 (1908).<br />
This species was reported from Nilgiri hills by Stephani (1908) and now synonymies under Bazzania<br />
tridens (Reinw. Bl. et Nees) Trev. (see Sharma and Srivastava, 1993).<br />
Specimens examined: India Orantalis: Nilgherry Mountains; Date: 1836 Legit.: Perrottet; 012567/ 1836<br />
(G - Herbier Stephani, Herb. J. Cardot No. 50, Type).<br />
15. Madotheca nilgheriensis Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 17: 15 (1842).<br />
The species was reported from Nilgiri hills (Dodabetta) by Montgne (1842) and synonymized under<br />
Porella madagascariensis (Nees et Mont.) Trev. by Hattori, 1970.<br />
16. Madotheca madurensis Steph., Sp. Hep.6: 525 (1924).<br />
The species instituted from Palni hills (Kodaikanal - Shembagnur) by Stephani (1924) and synonymized<br />
under Porella campylophylla by Hattori, 1978).<br />
Specimens examined: British India: Madura (Shembagnur); Date: 1917; Legit.: R.P.G. Farean No. 20 H<br />
(Fondation Stephani - Type).<br />
17. Madotheca indica Steph; Sp. Hep.6: 524 (1924).<br />
The species instituted from Karnataka (Kudremukh) by Stephani (1924) and synonymized under Porella<br />
campylophylla (Hattori, 1978).<br />
Specimens examined: India Orientalis; Legit.: Pfleiderer No. (37) 31.<br />
18. Madotheca calcarata Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 518 (1924).<br />
The species was earlier reported from Nilgiri hills (Dodabetta) by Stephani (1924)) and synonymized<br />
under Porella caespitans (St.) Hatt. var. setigera (St.) Hatt. (Hattori, 1970).<br />
Specimens examined: Monts. Nilgiris (Dodabetta); alt. ca. 2600; Date: 12.02.1909; Legit.: Fleisher 135;<br />
21504/ 1909 (G - Type).<br />
19. Frullania pyriflora Steph., Sp. Hep.4: 443 (1910).<br />
The species was earlier reported from Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri hills - Nilgiri hills, St. Kathrine water falls) by<br />
Stephani (1910) and now synonymized under Frullania polyptera by Hattori, 1974.<br />
20. Frullania wallichiana Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc. 5: 118 (1861).<br />
The species was earlier reported from Nilgiri hills (Tamil Nadu) by Mitten (1861) and synonymized under<br />
Frullania arecae (Spreng.) Gotteshe (Yuzawa, 1991).<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri hills – Ootacamund (on way to Pykara lake); alt. ca. 2100<br />
m.; Date: 10.10.2000; Legit.: S.C. Srivastava and party; 12266/2000, 12761/2000 (LWU).<br />
21. Ptychanthus pyriformis Steph., Hedwigia. 35: 122 (1889).<br />
The species was earlier reported from Palni hills (Kodaikanal ‘Madura’) by Stephani (1924) and<br />
synonymized under P. striatus (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Nees by Mizutani , 1961)<br />
22. Ptychanthus perrottetii Steph. The species was instituted from Nilgiri hills by Stephani (1924) and<br />
now synomies under Ptychnthus striatus by Mizutani, 1961.<br />
23. Cheilolejeunea viridis Steph., Sp. Hep. 5: 673 (1914).<br />
ISSN 0945-3466
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
This species is doubtful as no authentic specimens were available for investigation. However, Asthana &<br />
al (1995) suggested that the type of this species shows very close affinity with genus Lejeunea (G 12039).<br />
24. Harpalejeunea indica Steph., Sp. Hep. 6: 392 (1923).<br />
This species introduced from Karnataka (Kudremukh) by Stephani (1923) and now synonymized under<br />
Lejeunea neelgherriana Gotteshe by Grolle and Reiner-Drehwald, 1999<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka: Kudremukh; Date: April, 1911; Legit.: Pfleiderer; 14857/ 1911 (G -<br />
Type).<br />
25. Eulejeunea stahliana Steph., Sp. Hep. 5: 791 (1915).<br />
This species introduced from Palni hills (Kodaikanal) by Stephani (1915) and now synonymized under<br />
Lejeunea discreta Lindenb. by Mizutani, 1971<br />
Specimens examined: Tamil Nadu: Palni hills – Kodaikanal; 1909; Legit.: G. Andre; 14272 (G - Type<br />
).<br />
26. Lejeunea olivacea Steph., Hedwigia 29: 137 (1890).<br />
This species introduced from Nilgiri hills Stephani (1890) and now synonymized under Rectolejeunea<br />
olivacea (Steph.) S. C. Srivast. & A. Agarwal (Srivastava and Agarwal, 1986).<br />
Specimens examined: India Orientalis: Nilgiri hills; Legit.: Wight; 008153 (Type - G).<br />
27. Cololejeunea dentifolea Udar & G. Srivast., J. Bryol. 12: 229 (1982).<br />
The species instituted from Karnataka (Agumbe) by Udar and Srivastava (1982) and now synonymized<br />
under Cololejeunea gottschei (Steph.) Mizut. by Cololejeunea<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka (Agumbe); alt. ca.: 791 m; Date: 04.05.1981; Legit.: D. Kumar, A.<br />
Kumar and U.S. Awasthi; 4789/1981 (Holotype - LWU ).<br />
28. Cololejeunea pandei Udar & G. Srivast., J. Bryol. 12: 227 (1982).<br />
The species instituted from Karnataka (Agumbe) by Udar and Srivastava (1982) and now synonymized<br />
under Cololejeunea trichomanis (Gottshe) Steph. (see Asthana and Srivastava, 2003).<br />
Specimens examined: Karnataka (Agumbe); alt. ca.: 791 m; Date: 04.05.1981; Legit.: D. Kumar, A.<br />
Kumar and U.S. Awasthi; 4786/1981 (Holotype - LWU).<br />
29. Radula andreana Steph., Sp. Hep.4: 182 (1910).<br />
The species was introduced from Palni hills (Kodaikanal) by Stephani (1910) and now synonymized<br />
under Radula kurzii Steph by Yamada, 1979.<br />
Specimens examined: India Orientalis: Ghat mired: Kodaikanal; Date: 1908 Legit.: G. Andre; 8222/<br />
1908 (Type - G ).<br />
30. Radula foreauana Bvrd. Ex Steph., Hedwigia 27: 62 (1888).<br />
The species was introduced from Palni hills (Kodaikanal – Shembagnur) and now synonymized by<br />
Yamada (1979) under Radula meyeri Steph.<br />
Specimens examined: British India: Madura (Shembagnur); Date: April, 1877; Legit.: R. F. G. Foreau<br />
16359/ 1877 (Type – G, Fondation Stephani).<br />
31. Radula heterophylla Steph., Sp. Hep.6: 508 (1924).<br />
The species was introduced from Nilgiri hills (Stephani, 1924) and synonymized by Yamada (1979) under<br />
Radula auriculata Steph.<br />
* British India: Nilgiri hills 8226 (Type - G)<br />
32. Radula indica Steph., Sp. Hep.6: 511 (1924).<br />
The species was introduced from Western Ghats by Stephani (1924) and now synonymized by Yamada<br />
(1979) under Radula tabularis Steph.<br />
* India Orientalis: Ghat mired: Kodaikanal; Date: 1908 Legit.: Pfleiderer 8227/ 1908 (Type - G).<br />
33. Radula rara Steph., Sp. Hep.6: 514 (1924).<br />
The species was introduced from Western Ghats by Stephani (1924) and synonymized by Yamada (1979)<br />
under Radula tabularis Steph.<br />
*India Orientalis: Ghat mired: Kodaikanal; Date: 1908; Legit.: Pfleiderer 82311/ 1908 (Type - G).<br />
34. Asterella mysorensis (Kashyap) Kachroo & Bapna, J. Indian bot. Soc. 56: 75 (1977).<br />
13
14<br />
Kumar Verma & Srivastava<br />
The species was instituted from Mysore (Karnataka). It was Kashyap’s Manuscript species from<br />
Mysore and published by Chopra (1938) under the name of Fimbriaria mysorensis and was never<br />
recollected. Chandra (1965) placed the species under Asterella wallichiana (Lehm. et Lindenb.)<br />
Grolle<br />
*Specimen number not available.<br />
35. Asterella mercarana (Steph.) Kachroo & Bapna, J. Indian bot. Soc. 56: 74 (1977).<br />
The species was instituted from Karnataka (Mysore) as Fimbriaria mercarana Steph. by Stephani<br />
(1917). Chandra (1965) placed the species under Asterella wallichiana. (Lehm. et Lindenb.) Grolle<br />
*Part of original material presented by Pfleiderer to late Prof. S. K. Pande, Karnataka – Mercara<br />
(Coorg); Legit.: Pfleiderer (Holotype G- 010495).<br />
36. Asterella indica (Steph.) Kachroo & Bapna, J. Indian bot. Soc. 56: 74 (1977).<br />
The species was instituted from Karnataka (Mysore) as Fimbriaria indica Stephani (1917). Chandra<br />
(1965) placed the species under synonymized under Asterella wallichiana (Lehm. et Lindenb.)<br />
Grolle.<br />
* Bryophyte E. Levier Hepaticae Indiae Orientalis: Mysore; Date: 05.09.1903; Legit.: Inayat Khan (Type<br />
G - 10474).<br />
(D) Doubtful Taxa reported from Western Ghats:<br />
Some of the species presented in National and International conferences but not published elsewhere.<br />
However the validity of the species are still doubtful.<br />
1. Plagiochasma purandharensis Biradar & Joshi, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 56: 50 (1984).<br />
The species was instituted from Maharashtra (Purandhar – Military camp area) by Biradar & Joshi (see in<br />
Joshi & Biradar, 1984). But the status of the species is still doubtful as it was never validly published.<br />
*Specimens not seen.<br />
Present status: The status has been doubtful due to absence of valid publication, the species was<br />
presented only in checklist (see Joshi & Biradar, 1984)<br />
2.. Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb. var. mahabaleshwarensis Joshi & Biradar,<br />
Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 56:49 (1984).<br />
The taxa instituted from Maharashtra (Mahabaleshwar) by (Joshi and Biradar, 1984), but the status of the<br />
species is still doubtful as it was bnever validly published.<br />
*Specimens not seen.<br />
Present status: The status has been doubtful due to absence of valid publication, the taxon was presented<br />
only in a checklist (see Joshi & Biradar, 1984).<br />
3. Riccia inderagandhii Dabhade, Pp. 82 (2002); (Abstract in world conference of bryology held at<br />
Lucknow, 2002)<br />
The species has been introduced from Maharashtra (Poona) by Dhabade, 2002.<br />
*Specimens not seen.<br />
Present status: The status has been doubtful due to absence of valid publication, the species was<br />
presented only in a checklist (Dhabade, 2002)<br />
ISSN 0945-3466
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
Discussions<br />
The Western Ghats is ecologically very significant and the area spreads over variety of ecosystem but<br />
remains inadequately surveyed and documented especially for hepaticae (liverworts). The report is based<br />
on sporadic information. Till date now 314 taxa of embracing 68 genera of Hepaticae are known from the<br />
Western Ghats. Out of these 55 are clearly endemic, while 12 taxa earlier known as endemic from the<br />
Western Ghats are showing an extended range of distribution in other bryo-geographical regions of the<br />
country as well as abroad. However, the statuses of 31 taxa earlier reported only from the Western Ghats<br />
have been changed, and now they belong to different and correctly assigned genera, while 3 taxa which<br />
were presented in conferences remain doubtful as their type specimens and descriptions not available.<br />
It is intriguing to note that there is loss of liverwort diversity including the endemic elements from the<br />
Western Ghats and there is great concern to all botanists.<br />
In order to stop check the loss of endemic liverworts of the Western Ghats is an immediate need to firstly<br />
spot all such areas where they growing with luxuriance and identify them then conserve. It is needed<br />
protected entire Western Ghats to protect the Ghats unique ecosystem because it is clearly evident the<br />
bryophytes served as sponge to soaked rain water. The number of endemic species already vanishes<br />
because of the large areas of tropical forest were cleared for commercially significant cash crop like tea,<br />
coffee, cinchona, and spice gardens as well as was replaced on a huge scale with the introduction of exotic<br />
tree species while hydroelectric came after independence destroying entire Western Ghats ecosystem.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
The authors are grateful to Ministry of Environment and forests, Govt. of India; New Delhi for financial<br />
assistance through AICOPTAX and the Curators of the respective herbaria of the worlds includes NICH,<br />
NY, JE, FH, and G.<br />
References<br />
ALAM, A. (2005). Studies in terrestrial liverworts of the Nilgiri and Palni hills. Ph.D thesis in<br />
Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow.<br />
ASTHANA, G. AND SRIVASTAVA, S. C. (2003). Indian Cololejeunea. (A taxonomic study).<br />
Bryophytorum Bibliotheca. 60: 1-155. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart.<br />
ASTHANA, G.; SRIVASTAVA, S. C. AND ASTHANA, A.K. (1995). The genus Cheilolejeunea in<br />
India, Lindbergia 20 : 125 – 145.<br />
AWASTHI, U. S. AND SRIVASTAVA, S. C. (1988). Observation on the genus Archeilejeunea (Spruce)<br />
Schiffn. Geophytology. 18 (2): 206-211.<br />
AWASTHI, U.S., S.C. SRIVASTAVA, AND D. SHARMA. (2000). Lopholejeunea (Spruce ) Schiffn. in<br />
India. Geophytology, 29(1&2): 35-60.<br />
CHOPRA, R.S (1938). Notes on Indian Hepaticae. I. South India. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. ser. B 7 : 239<br />
– 251.<br />
DANIELS, A.E.D. AND P. DANIEL. (2002). Two new species of Riccia (Hepaticae: Marchantiales) from<br />
the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Bull. Bot. Surv.. India. 44 (1- 4): 135 – 140.<br />
DIXIT, R. (1995). The genus Plagiochila (Dum.) Dum. in South India. Ph. D. Thesis, Department of<br />
Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow.<br />
GOTTSHE, C. M; LINDENBERG J.B.G; AND NEES von ESENBECK, C.G. (1854). Synopsis<br />
Hepaticarum. Hamburg.<br />
15
16<br />
Kumar Verma & Srivastava<br />
GROLLE, R. AND REINER-DREHWALD, M. E. (1999). Review of the genus Harpalejeunea<br />
(Lejeuneaceae) including the description of H. grandis, a new specis from the Paramos of<br />
Colombia. J. Bryol. 21: 101-107.<br />
HATTORI, S. (1970). Studies of the Asiatic species of the genus Porella (Hepaticae). III. Journ.<br />
Hattori Bot. Lab. 33: 41-87.<br />
HATTORI, S. (1973a). Notes on Asiatic species of the genus Frullania, Hepaticae III. 37: 85- 120.<br />
HATTORI, S. (1973b). Notes on Asiatic species of the genus Frullania, Hepaticae II. 37: 55-84.<br />
HATTORI, S. (1974). Notes on the Asiatic species of the genus Frullania (Hepaticae). VI Journ.<br />
Hattori Bot. Lab. 38: 223-274.<br />
HATTORI, S. (1970). Studies of the Asiatic species of the genus Porella (Hepaticae). VII. A synopsis<br />
of Asiatic Porellaceae. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 44: 91-120.<br />
HATTORI, S. (1971). Hepaticae. In: H. HARA (ed.) Flora of Eastern Himalaya Second report. Bull. Univ.<br />
Mus. Univ. Tokyo, 2: 222-240.<br />
INOUE, H. (1984). The genus Plagiochila (Dum.) Dum. in southeast Asia. Tokyo: Academic<br />
Scientific Book Inc.<br />
JOSHI, D.Y. AND BIRADAR, N. V. (1984). Studies in the liverwort flora of western ghats with<br />
special reference to Maharashtra., India. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 56: 45-52.<br />
KITGAWA, N. (1967). Studies on the Hepaticae of Thailand. I. The genus Bazzania with general<br />
introduction Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 30: 249-270.<br />
LAL, D. G. (1998). Spore colour and ornamentation in the taxonomy of Asterella (Marchantiales,<br />
Aytoniaceae). In: BATES, J. W; ASHTON, N. W. AND DUCKETT, J. H. (eds.), Bryology for<br />
the twenty first centuary. Many, pp. 99-112.<br />
MITTEN, W. (1861). Hepaticae Indiae Orientalis: an enumeration of the Hepaticae of the East-<br />
Indies. J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 385 – 392 .<br />
MIZUTANI, M. (1961). A revision of Japanese Lejeuneaceae. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 24: 115-302.<br />
MIZUTANI, M. (1971). Lejeunea from the Himalayan region. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 34: 445-457.<br />
MONTAGNE, C. (1842). Cryptogamae nilgherienses seu plantarum cellularium in montibous penensulal<br />
indicae Neel-gherries dictis in a d Perrottet collectarum enumeration. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 17: 12-<br />
23. (Hepaticae, pp. 12-17).<br />
PANDE, S.K. AND BHARADWAJ, D.C. (1952). The present position of Indian Hepaticology with a note<br />
on the vegetation of the country. The Palaeobotanist (Birbal Sahni Memorial Volume), Pp.<br />
368-381.<br />
PARIHAR, N.S; LAL, B. AND KATIYAR, N. (1994). Hepatics and Anthocerotes of India. A new<br />
annotated checklist. Central book depot. Allahabad.<br />
SCHUSTER, R.M. (1984). Evolution, Phylogeny and Classification of the Hepaticae. In: SCHUSTER, R.<br />
M (ed.), New Manual of Bryology Vol. 2: 760 - 1070. The Hattori Botanical Laboratory Nichinan,<br />
Miyazaki Japan.<br />
SHARMA D. AND SRIVASTAVA, S.C. (1993). Indian Lepidoziineae. A taxonomic revision.<br />
Bryophytorum. Bibliotheca. Band 47: 1 – 354, Stuttgart.<br />
SINGH, S. K. AND SINGH, D. K. (2003). Heterosyphus orbiculatus Srivast et Srivast new to<br />
Himalayan bryoflora. Indian. J. For. 26: 317-319.<br />
SRIVASTAVA, S.C. AND UDAR, R. (1975a). Taxonomy of the Indian Metzgeriaceae – A<br />
monographic study. New Botanist 2: 1 – 57.<br />
SRIVASTAVA, S.C. AND UDAR, R. (1975b). The genus Fossombronia Raddi in India with a note on<br />
the Indian taxa of the family Fossombroniaceae. Nova Hedwigia. 26: 799 – 845.<br />
SRIVASTAVA, S.C. AND UDAR, R (1976). Indian Aneuraceae – A monographic study. Biol. Mem. 1 :<br />
121 – 154.<br />
SRIVASTAVA, S.C. (1994). Bryophyta - Morphology, Systematics, Reproductive Biology, In: JOHRI,<br />
B.M (ed.),Botany in India, History and Progress, Pp. 387 – 436. Oxford and IBH Publishing<br />
Company Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.<br />
ISSN 0945-3466
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
SRIVASTAVA, S.C. (1998). Distribution of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae in India. In: CHOPRA,<br />
R.N. (ed.) Topics in Bryology. 53 – 85, Allied Publishers Ltd.<br />
SRIVASTAVA, S.C. AND AGARWAL, A (1986). The genus Rectolejeunea in India. The Bryologist. 89:<br />
195-199.<br />
SRIVASTAVA, S.C. AND SHARMA, D. (2000). A preliminary study on the Liverwort and Hornwort<br />
flora of Silent Valley (Kerala). In: CHAUHAN, D. K, (ed.) Prof. D. D. Nautiyal Commemoration<br />
volume. Recent trends in Botanical research, Pp 55-76., Allahabad.<br />
SRIVASTAVA A. AND SRIVASTAVA, S.C. (2002). Indian Geocalycaceae (Hepaticae). – A<br />
taxonomic study. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehera Dun, Pp. 1 – 246.<br />
SRIVASTAVA S.C. AND SRIVASTAVA, S. (2002). Two new Metzgerias from Peninsular India.<br />
Phytotaxonomy. 4: 79-86.<br />
SRIVASTAVA, S.C. AND UDAR, R. (1975a). Taxonomy of the Indian Metzgeriaceae – A monographic<br />
study. New Botanist 2: 1 – 57.<br />
SRIVASTAVA, S.C. AND UDAR, R. (1975b). The genus Fossombronia Raddi in India with a note on<br />
the Indian taxa of the family Fossombroniaceae. Nova Hedwigia. 26: 799 – 845.<br />
SRIVSTAVA, S.C AND VERMA, P.K. (2004a.) Genus Arachniopsis Spruce- new to India with A.<br />
indica sp. nov. as new to science. Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett. 27 (7&8): 269-272.<br />
SRIVSTAVA, S.C AND VERMA, P.K. (2004b). Gongylanthus indicus sp. nov. (Hepaticae) an<br />
interesting new addition from India (Nilgiri hills). Indian Journ. of Forestry 28 (2): 200- 205.<br />
SRIVASTAVA, S.C; RAWAT, K.K. AND VERMA, P.K. (2006). An Interesting Plagiochila from<br />
Kodaikanal (India) Nat. Acad. Sci. Lett. 29 (7 & 8): 267-270<br />
SO, M. L. (2001). Plagiochila (Hepaticae, Plagiochilaceae) in China. Syst. Bot. Monogr.60: 1 – 214.<br />
SO, M.L. AND GROLLE, R. (2000). Checklist of Plagiochila in Asia. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 88:<br />
199 – 243.<br />
STEPHANI, F. (1898-1900). Species Hepaticarum 1: 1- 413 (1898:1-96; 1899: 97-304; 1900: 305-413)<br />
Geneve.<br />
STEPHANI, F. (1901-1905). Species Hepaticarum 2: 1- 615 (1901: 1-193; 1902: 194-341; 1903:<br />
342-452; 1904: 453-502; 1905: 503-615) Geneve.<br />
STEPHANI, F. (1906-1909). Species Hepaticarum 3: 1- 673 (1906: 1-146; 1907: 147-224; 1908:<br />
225-516; 1909: 517-673) Geneve.<br />
STEPHANI, F. (1909-1912). Species Hepaticarum 4: 1- 824 (1909: 1-96; 1910: 97-464; 1911: 465-736;<br />
1912: 737-824) Geneve.<br />
STEPHANI, F. (1912-1916). Species Hepaticarum 5: 1- 1044 (1912: 1-76; 1913: 177-480; 1914:<br />
481-74; 1915: 705-848; 1916: 849-1044). Geneve<br />
STEPHANI, F. (1917 – 1924). Species Hepaticarum 6: 1-763 (1917: 1-128; 1918: 129-176; 1921:<br />
177-240; 1922 241-368; 1923: 369-432; 1924: 433-763). Geneve.<br />
STOTLER, R. AND CRANDAL, S. B. (1977). A check list of the liverworts and Hornworts of North<br />
America. The Bryologist. 80: 405-428.<br />
STREIMANN, H. (1991). New Hepaticae record from New Guinea. Journ. Hattori. Bot. Lab. 69:1-19.<br />
UDAR, R. (1965). Riccia grollei Udar nom. nov. a correction for Riccia tuberculata Pande et Udar from<br />
India. Curr. Sci. 34: 126.<br />
UDAR R. (1976). Bryology in India. The Chronica Botanica, New Delhi. Pp.1–200.<br />
UDAR, R. AND AWASTHI, U.S. (1981). The genus Archilejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. in India.<br />
Geophytology. 11: 72-79<br />
UDAR, R. AND AWASTHI, U.S. (1982). The genus Mastigolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. in India. Proc.<br />
Indian Acad. Sci (Plant Sci.) 93: 485-494.<br />
UDAR, R. AND AWASTHI, U.S. (1984). Schiffneriolejeunea indica (St.) Udar et Awasthi in Kerala J.<br />
Indian . Bot. Soc. 63: 460-461.<br />
UDAR, R. AND CHANDRA, V. (1965). On two new species of Mannia, M. foreaui Udar et Chandra and<br />
M. personii Udar et Chandra with a note on the genus on the genus and its India species Candian<br />
Journ. Bot. 43: 147-160.<br />
17
18<br />
Kumar Verma & Srivastava<br />
UDAR, R. AND KUMAR, A. (1982). A new Chonecolea from India. The Bryologist. 85 (3): 315-318.<br />
UDAR, R. AND KUMAR, DH. (1982). A new hepaticae from south india. Linbergia. 9: 133-136.<br />
UDAR, R. AND SHAHEEN, F. (1983a). Marchantia kashyapii sp. nov. from south India. Indian .<br />
Bot. Soc. 5: 5 1-6.<br />
UDAR, R. AND SRIVASTAVA, G (1982). Two new species of Cololejeunea from peninsular India. J.<br />
Bryol. 12: 227-231<br />
UDAR, R. AND SRIVASTAVA, S.C. (1983). Rare and endangered liverworts of India. In: JAIN,<br />
S.K. AND RAO, R.R. (eds.), An assessment of threatened plants of India., Pp. 303<br />
– 312. Botanical Survey of India (Department of Environment) Botanic Garden, Howrah.<br />
UDAR, R; AWASTHI, U.S. AND SHAHEEN, F. (1982). A new Cadalejeunea from India. The<br />
Bryologist 85: (3): 329-331.<br />
VERMA, P.K. (2005). Studies in Hepaticae of Nilgiri hills with special reference to epiphytic taxa.<br />
Ph.D thesis in Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow.<br />
VERMA, P. K. AND SRIVASTAVA, S.C. (2007). Diversity of genus Taxilejeunea (Spr.) Schiffn. in<br />
Western Ghats (India). Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci, India, 77 (B, II): 206 -214.<br />
YAMADA, K. (1979). A revision of Asian taxa of Radula. Hepaticae. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 45: 201-<br />
322.<br />
ISSN 0945-3466
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
19
20<br />
Kumar Verma & Srivastava<br />
ISSN 0945-3466
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
21
22<br />
Kumar Verma & Srivastava<br />
ISSN 0945-3466
ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 99 (2011)<br />
Endemism in Liverworts of Western Ghats<br />
23