1

C a m b r i d g e
Essentiat
Grammar
in Use
A self-study reference and p ractice book
for elem entary learners of English
Fourth Edition
with answers
Raymond Murphy

Unit
1 am/ is/ are
(M y nam e is Lisa.
0\ Ay favo urite co lo u r is b lue.^
(rm A m erican . I'm fro m Ch icag ^
. ^
U ’m a s t u d e n t . j
/*■
M y favo urite sp o rts are
football and sw im m ing .
J ’m interested in art .")
M y father is a d o cto r and
m y m o t h er is a jo urnalist.
I
f
(j ^ T n o t interested in p o lit ics.^
L I S A
p osit ive
I am (I'm)
n egative
1 am not (I'm not)
he (he's)
she is (she's)
it (it's)
he
she
it
is not
(he's not
(she's not
(it's not
o r he isn't)
o r she isn't)
o r it isn't)
we (we're)
you are (you're)
they (they're)
we
you
they
are not
(we're not o r we aren't)
(you're not o r you aren't)
(they're not o r they aren't)
sh o r t fo r m
sh o r t fo r m s
I'm cold. Can you close the wind o w , please?
I'm 32 years old. M y sister is 29.
Steve is ill. He's in bed.
M y brother is scared o f dogs.
It's ten o'clock. Yo u're late again.
Ann and I are good friends.
Yo ur keys are on the table.
I'm tired, but I'm not hungry.
Lisa isn't interested in politics. She's interested in art.
Jam es isn't a teacher. He's a student.
Tho se people aren't English. They're Australian.
It's sunny today, but it isn't warm .
that's = that is there's = there is here's = here is
O Th ank you. That's very kind o f you.
O Look! There's Chris.
'Here's yo ur key.'
'Thank you.'
your key/
( am/ is/ are (q uestio ns) - » Unit 2 there is/ are - » Unit 37 a/ an - » Unit 65 sho rt form s - » Appendix 4 }

Exercises
W rite the short form (she's / we aren't etc.).
1 she is sh e 's 3 it is n o t 5 I am not .........................
2 they are ....................................... 4 that is 6 you are n o t ...........................
W rite am, is or are.
1 The w eat h er i s nice today. 5 Look! Th ere Helen.
2 I not rich. 6 M y brother and I good tennis players.
3 This b ag ..................heavy. 7 Em ily at hom e. Her ch ild ren at school.
4 These b ag s heavy. 8 I a taxi driver. M y sister a nurse.
f B Com plete the sentences.
1 Steve is ill H a s in bed.
2 I'm not hungry, b u t ...............................thirsty.
3 M r Tho m as is a very old m an.....................................98.
4 These chairs aren't beautiful, b u t .................................com fortab le.
5 The w eather is nice today...................................warm and sunny.
6.....'.............................late.' 'No, I'm not. I'm early!'
7 Catherine isn't at ho m e....................................at w ork.
8.....'............................. yo ur coat.' 'Oh, thank you very m uch.'

Unit
2 am/ is/ are (questions)
p osit ive
am
q u estio n
am I?
^ ^ W h a t 's yo ur nam e?^
is
are
is
are
he?
she?
it?
we?
you?
they?
^ ^ Are you m arried ?^
^ ^ H ow old are y o u T )
^ ^ Are you a stud ent?^
( n o , I'm no t.^ ^
d y
^ Yes, I a m .^
'Am I late?'
'No, you're on time.'
Is your m other at home?'
Are your parents at hom e?'
'Is it cold in yo ur room?'
No, she's out.'
No, they're out.'
'Yes, a little.'
Your shoes are nice. Are they new?
W e say:
O Is she at hom e? / Is your m other at hom e? (n o t Is at hom e yo ur m other?)
O Are they new? / Are your shoes new? (n o t Are new yo ur shoes?)
W here ... ? / W h a t ... ? / W ho ... ? / H ow ... ? / W hy ... ?
O W here is yo ur m other? Is she at hom e?
, O 'W here are you from?' 'Canada.'
O 'W hat colour is yo ur car?' 'It's red.'
O 'How old is Joe?' 'He's 24.'
O H ow are yo ur parents? Are they well?
O These shoes are nice. How m uch are they?
O This hotel isn't very good. W hy is it so expensive?
w hat's = w hat is w ho 's = w ho is how's = ho w is where's = where is
O W hat's the tim e?
O W ho's that man?
O W here's Lucy?
O How's yo ur father?
Sh o r t a n sw ers
I
am.
I'm
Yes,
he
she
it
we
you
they
is.
are.
No,
he's
she's
it's
w e're
yo u're
they're
not.
o r
No,
he
she
it
we
you
they
isn't.
aren't.
O Are you tired?' Yes, I am.'
O 'Are you hungry?' 'No, I'm not, but I'm thirsty.'
O Is your friend English?' Yes, he is.'
O 'Are these your keys?' Yes, they are.'
O That's m y seat.' No, it isn't.'
f am/ is/ are Unit 1 q uestio ns Unit 44 what/ which/ how Unit 47

Exercises
Find the right answers for the questions.
Where's the cam era? A London. 1
Is yo ur car blue? B No, I'm not. 2
Is Kate from London? C Yes, you are. 3
Am I late? D M y sister. 4
Where's Am y from ? E Black. 5
W hat co lo ur is yo ur bag? F No, it's black. 6
Are you hungry? G In yo ur bag. 7
H o w is George? H No, she's Am erican. 8
W ho's that wom an? I Very well. 9
G
M ake questions with these words.
1 (is / at hom e / yo ur m o ther) !.s yo u r m o t h er.at home..
(yo ur parents / are / w ell) A ro yp u r. p ar.o n t 5.w o ...........
(interesting / is / yo ur jo b ) .............................................................
(the shops / are / open today) .............................................................
(from / where / you / are) ..............................................................
(interested in sport / you / are) ..............................................................
(is / near here / the statio n) ............................................... ..........
(at school / are / yo ur child ren) ..............................................................
(you / are / late / w h y) ..............................................................
Com plete the questions. Use W h a t ... / W ho ... / W here ... / How . . . .
W rite the questions.
1
r PAUL
/ G \ ..... - . - i.
/ I
G r\ . A
(n am e7) W h at ’s yo u r n a m e?
Paul.
2 (Am erican?) ............................................................................................................ No, I'm Australian.
3 (h o w old?) ............................................................................................................... I'm 30.
4 (a teacher?) .............................................................................................................. No, I'm a lawyer.
5 (m arried ?) ................................................................................................................ Yes, 1am.
6 (wife a lawyer?) ..................................................................................................... No, she's a designer.
7 (from ?) ....................................................................................................................... She's Italian.
8 (her nam e?) ............................................................................................................ Anna.
9 (h o w old?) ............................................................................................................... She's 27.
v
W rite short answers (Yes, I am . / No, he isn't, etc.).
1 Are you m arried? N o J’m n o t , 4 Are yo ur hands cold?
2 Are you thirsty? ................................................................ 5 Is it dark now? ...............
3 Is it cold today? ................................................................. 6 Are you a teacher? ...
► Additional exercises 1- 2 (pages 2 5 2 - 5 3 )
J

She's eating.
She isn't reading.
It's raining.
The sun isn't shining.
They're running.
They aren't walking.
The present co ntinuous is:
am / is/ are + doing/ eating/ running/ writing etc.
I am (n o t ) o I'm working. I'm not w atching TV.
he
o M aria is reading a newspaper.
she is (n o t ) o She isn't eating, (o r She's not eating.)
it -ing o The bus is coming.
we
o W e're having dinner.
you are (n o t ) o You're not listening to me. (o r You aren't listening
they
o The children are doing their ho m ew o rk.
am / is/ are + -ing = so m ething is happening n ow :
I'm w orking
she's w earing a hat
they're playing football
I'm not w atching TV
p a st n o w fu t u r e
O Please be quiet. I'm working. (= I'm w o rking no w )
O Look, there's Sarah. She's w earing a brown coat. (= she is wearing it no w )
O The w eather is nice. It's not raining.
O 'W here are the children?' 'They're playing in the park.'
O (on th e p h o n e) W e're having d inner now. Can I call you later?
O You can turn o ff the television. I'm not w atching it.
Spellin g (—> Ap p en d ix 5):
com e —> com ing write —» writing dance —> dancing
run —» running
lie —» lying
sit —» sitting swim —> swimming
am/ is/ are ^ Unit 1 are you doing? (q uestio ns) ^ Unit 4 I am doing and I do Unit 8
What are you doing tomorrow? Unit 25____________________________________________________

Exercises
G> W hat are these people doing? Use these verbs to com plete the sentences:
- eat have lie play sit w ait
BUS
STOP
1 Sh e se a t ln g an apple. 4 ............................................................................on the floor.
2 H e .............................................................................for a bus. 5 ..................................................................................breakfast.
3 Th e y football. 6 on the table.
g g i Com plete the sentences. Use these verbs:
build cook go have stand stay swim w ork
1 Please be quiet. I ’m working.......
2 'W here’s John?' 'He's in the kitchen. H e .................................................................'
3 'Yo u ..............................................................on m y foot.' 'Oh, I'm sorry.'
4 Look! So m eb o d y................................................................in the river.
5 We're here on holiday. W e ................................................................at the Central Hotel.
6 ‘Where's Sue?' 'Sh e..............................................................a shower.’
7 Th e y .............................................................a new hotel in the city centre at the m o m ent.
8 I ................................................................now. Goodbye.
Look at the picture. W rite sentences about Jane. Use She’s -ing or She isn't -ing.
Jane
1 (have d inner) Jan e isn 't having dinner.....
2 (w atch TV ) Sh e s w at ch ing TV,.....................
3 (sit on the flo o r) Sh e................................................
4 (read a b o o k) ................................................................
5 (play the piano) ...........................................................
n 1 6 (laugh)...................................................................................
7 (w ear a hat) ....................................................................
8 (d rink coffee) ................................................................
W hat’s happening now? W rite true sentences.
1 (I / wash / m y hair) Im n o t w ashing m y hair...................................
2 (it / sno w ) It ’s snowing, or It jsn ’t sno w ing ,
3 (I / sit / on a chair) ..............................................................................................
4 (I / eat) ..............................................................................................
5 (it / r a in )....................................................................................................................................
6 (I / learn / English) ..............................................................................................
7 (I / listen / to m usic) ..............................................................................................
8 (t he sun / shine) ..............................................................................................
9 (I / wear / shoes) ..............................................................................................
10 (I / read / a newspaper) ..............................................................................................
17

are you doing?
4 (present continuous questions)
Unit
p o sit ive q u estio n
1 am
he doing
she is w orking
it going
we
staying
you
they
are
etc.
am 1
he doing
is she w orking
it
going
we
staying
are you
they
etc.
O 'Are you feeling OK?' 'Yes, I'm fine, thanks.'
O 'Is it raining?' 'Yes, take an um brella.'
O W h y are you w earing a coat? It's not cold.
O 'W hat's Paul doing?' 'He's studying for his exams.'
O 'W hat are the children doing?' 'They're w atching TV.'
O Look, there's Emily! W here's she going?
O W ho are you w aiting for? Are you w aiting for Sue?
Study the word order:
is/ are + su b ject + -ing
Is he w orking today?
Is Ben w orking today? (n o t Is working Ben today?)
W here are they going?
W here are those people going? (n o t W here are going those people?)
Sh o r t a n sw ers
Yes,
1 am.
he
she is.
it
we
you are.
they
No,
I'm
he's
she's
it's
we're
you're
they're
not.
No,
he
she
it
we
you
they
isn't.
aren't.
O 'Are you going now?' 'Yes, I am.'
O 'Is Ben w orking today?' 'Yes, he is.'
O Is it raining?' No, it isn't.'
O 'Are yo ur friends staying at a hotel?'
'No, they aren't. They're staying w ith me.'
f I am doing Unit 3 What are you doing tomorrow? -fr Unit 25 q uestio ns -fr Units 44-47

Exercises
M ake questions from these words. Put the words in the right order.
1 (is / working / Ben / today) ..................................
2 (w h at / the children / are / doing ) W h a t a r e t M .Q h M r m .M m
3 (you / are / listening / to m e) ....................................................................................
4 (w h ere/ yo u r frien d s/ are/ g o in g ) .......................................................................
5 (are / w atching / yo ur parents / TV ) ....................................................................
6 (w hat / Jessica / is / cooking ) .....................................................................................
7 (w h y / you / are / looking / at m e) ........................................................................
8 (is / com ing / the bus) ...................................................................................................
W rite short answers (Yes, I am . / No, he isn't, etc.).
1 Are you w atching TV? N oJ.’m n o t , 4 Is it raining? ....................................
2 Are you wearing a watch? ........................................ 5 Are you sitting on the floor?
3 Are you eating som ething? ...................................... 6 Are you feeling well? ...............
-♦ Additional exercise 3 (page 253) 19

Unit
5 I do/ work/ like etc. (present simple)
They have a lot o f books.
They read a lot.
He’s eating an ice cream .
He likes ice cream .
They read / he likes / 1w ork etc. = the p resen t sim ple:
l/ w e/ you/ they read like w ork live w atch do have
he/ she/ it reads likes w orks lives w atches does has
Rem em ber:
he w o rks / she lives / it rains etc.
O I w ork in a shop. M y brother w orks in a bank.
O Lucy lives in London. H er parents live in Scotland.
O It rains a lot in winter.
M y brother w o rk)
I have —> he/ she/ it has:
O Joe has a sho wer every day.
Spellin g (—» Ap p en d ix 5):
-es after -s / -sh / -ch: pass —» passes
- y — studies > ies: -
also: do - » does
finish —> finishes
stud try y—> tries
go - > goes
watch - » watches
W e use the present sim ple for things that are true in general, or for things that happen so m etim es o r all
the tim e:
O I like big cities.
O
O
O
o .
o
Yo ur English is good. You speak very well.
Tom w orks very hard. He starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o'clock in the evening.
The earth goes round the sun.
W e do a lot o f different things in o ur free tim e.
It costs a lot o f m oney to build a hospital.
alw ays/ never/ often/ usually/ som etim es + present sim ple
O Sue always gets to w o rk early, (n o t Sue gets always)
O I never eat breakfast, (n o t I eat never)
□ W e often go away at weekends.
O M ark usually plays football on Sundays.
O I som etim es w alk to w o rk, but no t very often.
20
I don’t ... (neg ative) ^ Unit 6 Do you ... ?(q uestio ns) ■
always/ usually/ often etc. (w o rd o rd er) Unit 94
Unit 7 I am doing and I do Unit 8

Exercises
W rite these verbs with -s or -es.
1 (read) sh e r e ad s 3 (fly) i t 5 (have) she.
2 (t h in k) h e ........................................ 4 (d ance) h e ....................................... 6 (finish) i t
Com plete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use:
eat go live play play sleep
' CC
^ I GD,
SEVEN HOURS
ANIGHT r
Z
1 He p lays......................the piano.
2 Th e y in a very big house.
3 ...............................................a lot o f fruit.
4 ...............................................tennis.
5 ...............................................to the cinem a a lot.
6 ...............................................seven hours a night.
Com plete the sentences. Use:
boil close cost cost like like m eet open speak teach wash
1 M aria sp e ak s four languages.
2 The shops in the city centre u su ally.......................................at 9 o'clock in the m orning.
3 The Cit y M u seu m at 5 o'clock in the evening.
4 Tina is a teacher. Sh e........................................ m athem atics to yo ung children.
5 M y jo b is very interesting. I ........................................ a lot o f people.
6 Peter's car is always dirty. He n ever.......................................it.
7 Food is expensive. I t ........................................a lot o f m oney.
8 Shoes are expensive. Th e y a lot o f money.
9 W at er........................................at 100 degrees Celsius.
10 Laura and I are good friends. I her and sh e .........................................me.
W rite sentences from these words. Use the right form of the verb (arrive or arrives etc.).
(always / early / Sue / arrive) Su e alw ays.arriyes early.........................................................................
(t o the cinem a / never / 1/ go) I ..............................................................................................................................
(w o rk / M artina / hard / always) .............................................................................................................................
(like / chocolate / children / usually) ....................................................................................................................
(Jackie / parties / enjo y / always) .............................................................................................................................
(often / people's nam es / 1/ forget) .......................................................................................................................
(TV / Sam / w atch / never) .............................................................................. ..........................................................
8 (usually / d inner / w e / have / at 7.30) .................................................................................................................
9 (Kate / always / nice clothes / w ear) .....................................................................................................................
m W rite sentences about yourself. Use alw ays/ never/ often/ usually/ som etim es.
1 (w atch TV in the evening) I u su ally w at ch TV in t h e evening,................................
2 (read in bed) I .............................................................................................................................................
3 (get up before 7 o'clock) .......................................................................................................................
4 (go to w ork/ scho o l by bus) ................................................................................................................
5 (d rink coffee in the m o rning ) ...........................................................................................................

6 I don't... (present simple negative)
The present sim ple negative is don't/ doesn't + verb:
No, thanks. I
don’t drink coffee.
She doesn't drink coffee.
He doesn't like his job.
p osit ive
1
we
you
they
he
she
it
w ork
like
do
have
w orks
likes
does
has
n egative
i
we don't
you (do not) w ork
they
like
do
he
doesn't have
she
(does not)
it
I drink coffee, but I don't drink tea.
Sue drinks tea, but she doesn't drink coffee.
You don't w ork very hard.
W e don't w atch TV very often.
The w eather is usually nice. It doesn't rain very often.
Sam and Chris don't know m any people.
Rem em ber:
l/ w e/ you/ they d o n 't ...
he/ she/ it d o esn 't ...
O I don't like football.
O He doesn't like football.
O I don't like Fred and Fred doesn't like me. ( n o t Fred don't like)
O M y car doesn't use m uch petrol. (n o t M y car don't use)
O So m etim es he is late, but it doesn't happen very often.
W e use don't/ doesn't + in fin it ive (d on't like / doesn't speak / doesn't do etc.):
O I don't like washing the car. I don't do it very often.
O Sarah speaks Spanish, but she doesn't speak Italian. (n o t doesn't speaks)
O David doesn't do his jo b very well, (n o t David doesn't his jo b )
O Paula doesn't usually have breakfast, (n o t d o esn 't ... has)
f I do/ work/ like etc. (present sim ple) Unit 5 Do you ... ? (present sim ple questions) Unit 7
3

Exercises
W rite the negative.
1 I play the piano very well.
2 Anna plays the piano very well.
3 They kno w m y phone num ber.
4 W e w o rk very hard.
5 He has a bath every day.
6 You do the sam e thing every day.
I don't play t.ha.pian.p very well,..
A n n a...............................................................
Th e y .................................................................
g Q Q p Study the information and write sentences with like.
1 Ben .and So p h i e like cla esicM w u & iC :.
I ..................................... ...........classical m usic.
Ben a n d
So p h ie Ka t e Yo u
1 classical music? yes no
2 boxing? no yes ?•
3 horror m ovies? yes no
Ben and Sophie
Kat e ....................................
I
W rite about yourself. Use:
I n ever... or I often ... or I d o n 't ... very often.
1 (w atch TV ) [ d o n ' t ^ t c h T ) ( .y ^ t y .o f t e n ,.... or Lnever w at ch TV. or
I o f t e n w at ch TV.
2 (go to the theatre)
3 (ride a bike)
4 (eat in restaurants)
5 (travel by train)
g g § Com plete the sentences. All of them are negative. Use don't/ doesn't + these verbs:
cost go know rain see use w ear
1 The w eather here is usually nice. It d o esn ’t rain m uch.
2 Paul has a car, but h e ................................................................it very often.
3 Paul and his friends like film s, but t h e y to the cinem a very often.
4 Am and a is m arried but sh e a ring.
5 I m uch ab o ut politics. I'm not interested in it.
6 The Regent Hotel isn't expensive. I t ................................................................m uch to stay there.
7 Ed lives very near us, but w e ...............................................................him very often.
* 3 3 1 Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
1 M arg aret sp eak s four languages - English, French, Germ an and Spanish, (speak)
2 I d o n t Jikc m y job. It's very boring, (like)
3 'Where's Steve?' 'I'm sorry. I ................................................................' (kn o w )
4 Sue is a very quiet person. Sh e............................................... very m uch, (talk)
5 A n d y ................................................................a lot o f tea. It's his favourite drink, (d rink)
6 It's not true! I ................................................................it! (believe)
7 That's a very beautiful picture. I ................................................................it very m uch, (like)
8 M ark is a vegetarian. H e ................................................................m eat, (eat)

Unit
7 Do you ... ? (present simple questions)
A
W e use do/ does in present sim ple questions:
posit ive
1
we
you
they
he
she
it
w ork
like
do
have
w orks
likes
does
has
qu estion
do
does
1
we
you
they
he
she
it
w ork?
like?
do?
have?
]T(p o you play t h e guitar? J j
1 " 1 "i i ^
Study the word order:
do/ does + su b ject + in fin it ive
Do you play the guitar?
Do yo ur friends live near here?
Does Chris w ork on Sundays?
Does it rain a lot here?
W here do yo ur parents live?
H o w often do you wash your hair?
W hat does this w ord m ean?
How m uch does it cost to fly to Rom e?
Questio ns with always and usually:
Does Chris always w ork on Sundays?
W h at do you usually do at weekends?
W hat do you do? = W hat's yo ur job?
O 'W hat do you do?' 'I w o rk in a bank.'
Rem em ber:
do l/ w e/ yo u / t h ey...
does h e/ sh e/ it ...
O Do they like m usic?
O Does he like m usic?
Sh o r t a n sw ers
Yes,
l/ w e/ you/ they do.
he/ she/ it does.
No,
l/ w e/ you/ they don't.
he/ she/ it doesn't.
O 'Do you play the guitar?' 'No, I don't.'
O Do your parents speak English?' Yes, they do.'
O Does Jam es w o rk hard?' Yes, he does.'
O Does your sister live in London?' No, she doesn't.'
( I do/ work/ like etc (present simple) Unit 5 I don't... (negative) - » Unit 6 questions 4 Units 44-47 )

Exercises
W rite questions with Do ... ? and Does ... ?
1 I like chocolate. H o w ab o ut you?
2 I play tennis. How ab o ut you?
3 You live near here. H o w ab o ut Lucy?
4 Tom plays tennis. H o w ab out his friends?
5 You speak English. H o w ab out yo ur brother?
6 I do yoga every m orning. H o w ab o ut you?
7 Sue goes away a lot. H o w ab o ut Paul?
8 I w an t to be fam ous. How ab o ut you?
9 You w o rk hard. H o w about Anna?
...P.o yo u Jfe
....................y o u ......................
....................Lu cy .....................
M ake questions from these words + do/ does. Put the words in the right order.
1 (w here / live / yo ur parents)
..Where, do yo u r pa ren t e Jive..
2 (you / early / always / get up)
...P.oyou. alw ays. g< st.u.p.ear|y..
3 (h o w often / TV / you / w at ch)
4 (you / w an t / w hat / for dinner)
5 (like / you / footb all)
6 (yo ur brother / like / football)
7 (w hat / you / do / in your free tim e)
8 (yo ur sister / w o rk / where)
9 (b reakfast / always / you / have)
10 (w h at / mean / this w o rd )
11 (in w inter / sno w / it / here)
12 (go / usually / to bed / w hat tim e / yo u)
13 (h o w m uch / to phone N ew Yo rk / it / cost)
14 (you / for breakfast / have / usually / w hat)
e Com plete the questions. Use these verbs:
do enjoy go like start teach w ork
*
W h a t d o y o u d o ?
..............................................................................................it?
W h at t im e ..............................................................................................in the m orning?
on Saturdays?
H o w ..............................................................................................to work?
And yo ur husband. W h at ..............................................................................................?
W h a t ..............................................................................................?
..............................................................................................his job?
w o rk in a bookshop.
It's O K.
A t 9 o'clock.
Som etim es.
Usually by bus.
He's a teacher.
Science.
Yes, he loves it.
W rite short answers (Yes, he does. / No, I don't, etc.).
1 Do you w atch TV a lot?
2 Do you live in a big city?
3 Do you often ride a bike?
4 Does it rain a lot where you live?
5 Do you play the piano?
N o A d o r i t , or Ye sJ.d a.
Additional exercises 4 - 7 (pages 253-54)

| am doing (present continuous) and
8 I do (present simple)
Unit
Jack is w atching television.
He is n o t playing the guitar.
But Jack has a guitar.
He often plays it and he plays very well.
Jack plays the guitar,
but he is not playing the guitar now.
Is he playing the guitar?
Does he play the guitar?
No, he isn't.
Yes, he does.
(p resen t co n t in u o u s)
(p resen t sim p le)
Presen t co n t in u o u s (I am doing) = now, at the tim e o f speaking:
I'm doing
p a st
n o w
fu t u r e
O Please be quiet. I'm w o rking . (n o t I w o rk)
O Tom is having a shower at the m o m ent. (n o t Tom has)
O Take an um brella w ith you. It's raining.
O You can turn o ff the television. I'm not w at ch in g it.
O W h y are you under the table? W h at are you doing?
Presen t sim p le (I do) = in general, all the tim e or som etim es:
I do
p a st n o w fu t u r e
O I w ork every day from 9 o'clock to 5.30.
O Tom has a sho wer every m orning.
O It rains a lot in winter.
O I don't w atch TV very often.
O W h at do you usually do at weekends?
W e do n o t use these verbs in the present co ntinuous (I am -ing):
like w ant know understand rem em ber
prefer need m ean believe forget
Use only the present sim ple w ith these verbs (I w ant / do you like? etc.):
O I'm tired. I w ant to go hom e, (n o t I'm wanting )
O 'Do you know that girl?' 'Yes, but I don't rem em ber her name.'
O I don't understand W hat do you mean?
26 ( present co n t in u o u s Units 3- 4 p resent sim p le Units 5- 7 present for the future Unit 25

Exercises
Does he take photographs? Yes^ .he d g e s.. Is she driving a bus? .
Is he taking a photograph? N& .he isn ’t . Does she drive a bus?
W h at is he doing?
W h at is she doing?
He’sM yinfl.a.bath..................................................
Does he clean w ind ows? ................................... Are they teaching?
Is he cleaning a w ind o w ? ................................... Do they teach? ....
W hat is he doing?
W hat do they do?
Com plete the sentences with am / is/ are or do/ don't/ does/ doesn't.
1 Excuse m e, d o you speak English?
2 'Where's Kate?' ' I .........................................know.'
3 W hat's funny? W h y ........................................you laughing?
4 'W h at yo ur sister do?' 'She's a dentist.'
5 I t .......................................raining. I w ant to go o ut in the rain.
6 'W h ere........................................you com e from?' 'Canada.'
7 H o w m u ch ..................................... it cost to stay at this hotel? Is it expensive?
8 Steve is a good tennis player, but h e ........................................ play very often.
Put the verb in the present continuous (I am doing) or the present sim ple (I do).
1 Excuse m e ,.do yo u sp eak (you/ sp eak) English?
2 'Where's Tom ?' ' H es.h ayin g (he/ have) a shower.'
3 (.don’t .w at ch (I/ n o t/ w atch) TV very often.
4 Listen! So m eb o d y........................................................................(sing).
5 Sarah is tired (she/ w ant) to go hom e now.
6 H o w o ft en ........................................................................(you/ use) yo ur car? Every day?
7 'Excuse me, b u t ....................................................................... (yo u/ sit) in m y seat.' 'Oh, I'm sorry.'
8 I'm so rry,......................................................................................(I/ no t/ und erstand ). Can you speak m ore slowly?
9 It's late.............................................................................(I/ go) hom e now...........................................................................
(yo u/ co m e) w ith me?
10 W h at t im e ......................................................................................................(yo ur father / finish) w o rk every day?
11 You can turn o ff the radio ............................................................................ (I/ no t/ listen) to it.
12 'Where's Paul?' 'In the kitchen............................................................................ (h e/ co o k) som ething.'
13 M ark ......................................................................................................................(no t/ usually/ d rive) to w o rk. He
........................................................................(usually/ walk).
14 Su e....................................................................(n o t/ like) coffee.........................................................................(she/ prefer) tea.
Additional exercises 8 - 9 (page 255)

Unit
9
I have ... and I've got
You can say I have or I've got, he has or he's got:
I
we
you
they
have
o r
I
we
you
they
have got
(I've got)
(w e've got)
(yo u 've got)
(t hey've got)
he
she
it
has
o r
he
she
it
has got
(he's got)
(she's got)
(it's got)
sh o r t fo r m
O I have blue eyes, o r I've got blue eyes.
O Tom has t w o sisters, o r Tom has got tw o sisters.
O O u r car has four doors, o r O u r car has got fo ur doors.
O Sarah isn't feeling well. She has a headache, o r She's got a headache.
O They like anim als. They have a horse, three dogs and six cats, o r They've got a horse .
I don't have / 1haven't got etc. (negative)
You can say:
I/ you
we/ they
he/ she
it
don't
doesn't
have
o r
I/ you
w e/ they
he/ she
it
haven't
hasn't
got
O I don't have a car. o r
I haven't got a car.
O They don't have any children, o r They haven't got any children.
O It's a nice house, but it doesn't have a garden, o r ... it hasn't got a garden.
O Am y doesn't have a job at the m o m ent, o r A m y hasn't got a jo b ...
do you have? / have you got? etc. (q uestio ns)
You can say:
do
does
I/ you
w e/ they
he/ she
it
have
o r
have
has
I/ you
w e/ they
he/ she
it
got
O 'Do you have a cam era?'
'Have you got a cam era?'
'No, I don't.' o r
'No, I haven't.'
O 'Does Helen have a car?' 'Yes, she does.' o r
'Has Helen got a car?' 'Yes, she has.'
O W hat kind o f car does she have? o r ... has she got?
O H o w m any children do they have? o r ... have they got?
28
had / didn't have (past) Units 11-12 have breakfast / have a shower etc. Unit 58
some and any Unit 76

Exercises
W rite these sentences with got. The meaning is the same.
1 They have two children.
.Theyye.g p ttw p .c.h
2 She doesn't have a key.
..She haon’t .g o t a. key.........
3 He has a new job.
He
4 Do you have an um brella?
5 W e have a lot o f w o rk to do.
6 I don't have yo ur phone num ber.
7 Does yo ur father have a car?
8 H o w m uch m o ney do we have?
W rite these sentences with do/ does/ don't/ doesn't. The meaning is the same.
1 Have you got any m oney?
..P.oyou.have any m oney?.
2 I haven't got m any clothes.
3 Has Tom got a brother?
4 H o w m any children have they got?
5 Have you got any questions?
6 Sam hasn't got a job.
mm Read the questions and answers. Then write sentences about M ark.
f -TP* \
1 Have you got a car? No.
2 Have you got a bike? Yes.
3 Have you got a dog?
4 Have you got a m obile phone? Yes.
5 Have you got a watch? No.
M ark
6 Have you got any brothers or Yes, tw o brothers
sisters? and a sister.
------------------------------------------ J v-------------------- y
H e.
H e h a sn ’t ,g o t ,a ca r .
W hat about you? W rite sentences with I’ve got or I haven’t got.
7 (a dog) .....................................................................................................
8 (a bike) .....................................................................................................
9 (brothers/ sisters) .....................................................................................................
£ Q | Com plete the sentences. Use have, has, don’t have or doesn’t have.
1 Sarah d o esn ’t .h ave a car. She goes everywhere by bike.
2 They like anim als. Th e y have three dogs and t w o cats.
3
4
5
6
7
Charles isn't happy. H e ....................................a lot o f problem s.
They are always busy. Th e y ...................................m uch free tim e.
'W h at ’s wrong?’
'Where's m y pen?’
' I ...................................so m ething in m y eye.’
'I don't know. I ....................................it.’
A m y w ants to go to the co ncert, but sh e....................................a ticket.
e » Com plete the sentences. Use have/ has got or haven't/ hasn't got with:
six legs a key a headache a lot of friends a job m uch tim e
1 I'm no t feeling very well. I y e.Q Q t a h ea d a ch e,..............................................................
2 Everyb ody likes Tom . H e ..................................................................................................................
3 She can't open the door. Sh e.......................................................................................................
4 Quick!. W e ...............................................................................................................................................
5 An in sect ....................................................................................................................................................
6 I'm unem ployed . I ...................................... .........................................................................................
Additional exercises 5 - 7 (page 254)

Unit
t was/ were
N o w Robert is at w ork.
A t m id nig ht last night
he w asn't at w ork.
He w as in bed.
He w as asleep.
am / is (p resent) —> w as (past):
O I am tired, (n o w )
O W here is Kate? (n o w )
O The w eather is good today.
are (p resent) —» w ere (past):
O You are late, (n o w )
O They aren't here, (n o w )
I was tired last night.
W here w as Kate yesterday?
The w eather w as good last week.
You w ere late yesterday.
They w eren't here last Sunday.
p o sitive n egative q u est io n
1
he
she
it
was
1
he
she
it
was not
(wasn't)
was
1?
he?
she?
it?
we
you
they
were
we
you
they
were not
(weren't)
were
we?
you?
they?
O Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now.
O W hen I was a child, I was scared o f dogs.
O W e were hungry after the journey, but we weren't tired.
O The hotel was com fortab le, but it w asn't expensive.
O W as the w eather nice when you were on holiday?
O Yo ur shoes are nice. W ere they expensive?
O W h y were you late this m orning?
Sh o r t a n sw ers
Yes,
l/ he/ she/ it was.
w e/ yo u/ they were.
No,
l/ he/ she/ it wasn't.
w e/ yo u/ they weren't.
O 'W ere you late?' 'No, I wasn't.'
O 'Was Tom at w o rk yesterday?' 'Yes, he was.'
O 'W ere Sue and Steve at the party?' No, they weren't.'
30 ( am/ is/ are ■ » Units 1 - 2 I was doing Unit 13

Exercises
W here were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon?
1 Jo e w as.in.b ed .................................................................. 4
2 Jack and Kat e......................................................................... 5...............................
3 Su e............................................................................................... 6 And you? I.
W rite am / is/ are (present) or w as/ w ere (past).
1 Last year sh e w as 22, so sh e i s 23 now.
2 Today the w eat h er.......................nice, but yesterday i t ..........................very cold.
3 I .......................hungry. Can I have som ething to eat?
4 I feel fine this m orning, but I .......................very tired last night.
5 W h ere.......................you at 11 o'clock last Friday m orning?
6 Don't buy those shoes. Th e y .......................very expensive.
7 I like yo ur new jacket............................it expensive?
8 This tim e last year I .......................in Paris.
9 'W h ere Sam and Joe?' 'I don't know. Th e y here a few m inutes ago.'
gjg| W rite was/ were or wasn't/ weren't.
1 W e weren't happy w ith the hotel. O u r ro o m w as very sm all and i t w asn ’t clean.
2 M ark at w o rk last w eek because h e ..........................ill. He's better now.
3 Yest erd ay.........................a public holiday, so the b an ks..........................closed. They're open today.
4 '.........................Kate and Ben at the party?' 'Kat e there, but Ben ...........................'
5 W here are m y keys? Th e y on the table, but they're not there now.
6 Yo u at hom e last night..W h ere.........................you?
W rite questions from these words + was/ were. Put the words in the right order.
\ \ ___________________________________ /7
(late / you / this m orning / why?)
W hy w are.yo u.jate. t h is mprni.ng?..
► The traffic was bad.
(d ifficult / yo ur exam ?)
(last w eek / where / Sue and Chris?)
(yo ur new cam era / ho w m uch?)
► No, it was easy.
► They were on holiday.
► A hundred pounds.
(angry / you / yesterday / why?)
(nice / the w eather / last week?)
31

Unit
11 worked/ got/ went et c (past simple)
They w atch TV every evening.
(p resen t sim p le)
They w atched TV yesterday evening.
(p a st sim p le)
w atched is the p a st sim ple:
l/ w e/ you/ they
he/ she/ it
w atched
The past sim ple is often -ed (regu la r verb s). For exam ple:
w o rk — > w orked
clean —> cleaned
start —» started
dance —> danced
stay —> stayed
need —> needed
O I clean m y teeth every m orning. This m orning I cleaned m y teeth.
O Terry w orked in a bank from 2005 to 2011.
O Yesterday it rained all m orning. It stopped at lunchtim e.
O
W e enjoyed the party last night. W e danced a lot and talked to a lot o f people.
The p arty finished at m idnight.
Spellin g (—» Ap p en d ix 5):
try —> tried
stop —» stopped
study —> studied
plan —» planned
copy —» copied
Som e verbs are irreg u la r (= not regular). The past sim ple is n o t -ed. Here are som e im p o rtant irregular
verbs (see also Ap p en d ix 2 - 3):
begin —» began fall fell leave —> left sell —» sold
break broke find found lose lost sit sat
bring brought fly flew m ake m ade sleep slept
build built forget forgot m eet m et speak spoke
buy bought get got pay paid stand stood
catch caught give gave put put take took
com e cam e go w ent read read (red)* tell told
do did have had ring rang think thought
drink drank hear heard say said win won
eat ate know knew see saw w rite w rote
* p ro n o u n ced 'red'
I usually get up early, but this m orning I got up at 9 o'clock.
W e did a lot o f w o rk yesterday.
Caroline w ent to the cinem a three tim es last week.
Jam es cam e into the room , took o ff his coat and sat down.
32 ( was/ were Unit 10 I didn't / Did you ... ? (neg ative and q uestio ns) 4 Unit 12 ago 4 Unit 19

Exercises
Com plete the sentences. Use a verb from the box.
clean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay w ant
1 I cl e a n e d m y teeth three tim es yesterday.
2 It was hot in the room , so I .......................................the w indow.
3 The film was very long. I t .......................................at 7.15 an d ..........................................at 10 o'clock.
4 W hen I was a child, I ........................................ to be a doctor.
5 The accid en t ........................................ last Sunday afternoon.
6 The w eather is nice today, but yesterday i t .......................................all day.
7 W e ........................................o ur holiday last year. W e ........................................at a very nice place.
8 Anna's g rand father........................................when he was 90 years old.
W rite the past sim ple of these verbs.
1 gee .... g........ 4 pay ................. ................ 7 go ..................... .............. 10 know ....
2 see .......................... ....... 5 visit ................................. 8 think .............................. 11 p ut .......
3 play ................................ 6 buy ................. ............... 9 copy ................ .............. 12 speak ...
Read about Lisa's journey to M adrid. Put the verbs in the correct form.
CHECK- IN \
Y M a d r i d a i r p o r t
Last Tuesday Lisa (1) f e w from London to M adrid . She (2) up fty get
at 6 o'clock in the m orning and (3) ................................ a cup o f coffee. A t 6.30 she
(4) ...............................hom e and (5) .................................to the airport. W hen she leave, drive
(6)...............................there, she (7) .................................the car, (8) to the airp ort get, park, walk
building, and (9) .................................in. Then she (10) breakfast at a cafe check, have
and (11) ................................ for her flight. The plane (12) ..................................on tim e and
have
wait, d epart
(13) ...............................in M ad rid tw o hours later. Finally she (14) a taxi arrive, take
from the airp ort to her hotel in the centre o f M adrid.
W rit e sentences ab o ut t he p ast (yest erd ay / last w eek et c.).
1 Jam es always goes to w o rk by car. Yest erd ay he w an t .t o work b y c a r ................................................................
2 Rachel often loses her keys. Sh e...............................................................................................................................last week.
3 Kate m eets her friends every evening. Sh e......................................................................................yesterday evening.
4 I buy a newspaper every day. Yesterday I ...................................................................................................................................
5 W e often go to the cinem a at weekends. Last Sunday w e .............................................................................................
6 I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I ..........................................................................................................................................
7 Tom always has a shower in the m orning. This m o rning h e .........................................................................................
8 O u r friends often com e to see us. Th e y .............................................................................................................last Friday.
W rite sentences about what you did yesterday.
1 1went t o t he t heat r e, .....................................
2 ................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................
Additional exercise 10 (page 256)

Unit
12
I didn't... Did you ... ?
(past simple negative and questions)
W e use did in past sim ple negatives and questions:
in fin it ive p osit ive n egative qu estio n
play
1 played
1 play
1 play?
start
we
started
we
start
we
start?
w atch
have
see
you
they
he
w atched
had
saw
you
they
he
did not
(didn't)
watch
have
see
you watch?
did they have?
he see?
do
she
did
she
do
she
do?
go
it
w ent
it
go
it
go?
do/ does (p resen t ) —» did (p a st ):
O I don't w atch TV very often.
I didn't w atch TV yesterday.
O Does she often go away?
Did she go away last week?
W e use did/ didn't + in fin it ive (watch/ play/ go etc.):
I w atched b u t I didn't w atch (n o t I didn't w atch ed )
they w ent did they go? (n o t did they went?)
he had
he didn't have
you did
did you do?
O I played tennis yesterday, but I didn't win.
O 'Did you do the shopping?' 'No, I didn't have time.'
O W e w ent to the cinem a, but w e didn't enjoy the film .
Study the word order in questions:
did + su b ject + in fin it ive
Did yo ur sister call you?
W hat did you do last night?
H o w did the accid ent happen?
W here did yo ur parents go for their holiday?
Sh o r t a n sw ers
l/ we/ you/ chey d id
he/ she/ it
l/ w e/ yo u/ they ^
he/ she/ it
O 'Did you see Joe yesterday?' 'No, I didn't.'
O 'Did it rain on Sunday?' 'Yes, it did.'
O Did Helen com e to the party?' No, she didn't.'
O Did your parents have a good holiday?' Yes, they did.'
f worked/ got/ went etc. (p ast sim p le) Unit 11

-xeroses
m
Com plete these sentences with the verb in the negative.
1 I saw Barbara, but I d id n’t se e jane.
2 They w orked on M onday, but t h e y ........................................................................on Tuesday.
3 W e w ent to the post office, but w e ........................................................................to the bank.
4 She had a pen, but sh e ........................................................................any paper.
5 Jack did French at school, but h e ........................................................................Germ an.
o W rite questions with Did ... ?
I w atched TV last night. How ab o ut you?
Did yo u w a t ch ..TV. la st night...
I enjoyed the party. H o w ab o ut you? ........................................................................
I had a good holiday. H o w ab o ut you? ........................................................................
I finished w o rk early. H o w ab out you? ........................................................................
I slept well last night. H o w ab o ut you? ........................................................................
CD W hat did you do yesterday? W rite positive or negative sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
(w atch TV ) !. w at ch ed .TV.... or !. didn’t w atch TV..........
(get up before 7 o'clock) I ............................................................................................................
(have a sho w er) ...............................................................................................................
(b uy a m agazine) ...............................................................................................................
(eat m eat) ..............................................................................................................
(go to bed before 10.30) ...............................................................................................................
t Z
l Write B's questions. Use:
arrive cost go go to bed late happen have a nice tim e stay win
1 a : W e w ent to N ew Yo rk last m onth.
b: W h ere....did.you s t a y .........................................?
a : W it h som e friends.
2 a : 1was late for the meeting.
B: W hat t im e ..................................................................?
a : Half past nine.
3 a : 1played tennis this afternoon.
B: .................................................................................. ?
a : No, 1lost.
^ a : 1had a nice holiday.
B. Go o d . W h ere...........................................................?
a : To the m ountains.
5 a : W e cam e hom e by taxi.
b: H o w m u ch .................................................................?
a : Ten pounds.
6 a : I'm tired this m orning.
b: ...................................................................................?
a : No , but 1didn't sleep very well.
7 a : W e w ent to the beach yesterday.
b: ...................................................................................?
a : Yes, it was great.
8 a : The w in d o w is broken.
b: H o w ................................................................................?
a : 1don't know.
"ut the verb in the correct form - positive, negative or question.
We w ent to the cinem a, but the film wasn't very good. W e did n’t en jo y it. (enjo y)
1 T o m .................................................som e new clothes yesterday - t w o shirts, a jacket and a pullover, (b uy)
............ yesterday?' 'No, it was a nice day.' (rain)
- .Ve were tired, so w e ................................................................long at the party, (stay)
: : was very w arm in the room , so I ................................................................a w ind o w , (o p en)
r Did you p hone Chris this m orning?' 'No, I ................................................................time.' (have)
I cut m y hand this morning.' 'H o w .................................................................that?' (d o )
• .Vhy weren't you at the m eeting yesterday?' ' I ................................................................ab o ut it.' (kn o w )
I exercises 10- 13 (page 256) 35

Unit
1 3 I was doing (past continuous)
It is 6 o'clock now.
Paul is at hom e.
He is watching TV.
m
A t 4 o'clock he wasn't at hom e.
He was at the sports club.
He was swim m ing in the pool.
He wasn't watching TV.
was/ were + -ing is the p a st co n tin u o u s:
p o sitive
n egative
q u estion
1
he
she
it
we
you
they
was
were
doing
watching
playing
swim m ing
living
etc.
1
he
she
it
we
you
they
was not
(wasn't)
were not
(weren't)
doing
watching
playing
swim m ing
living
etc.
was
were
1
he
she
it
we
you
they
doing?
watching?
playing?
swim ming?
living?
etc.
O W h at were you doing at 11.30 yesterday? Were you working?
O 'W hat did he say?' 'I don't know. I wasn't listening.'
O It was raining so w e didn't go out.
O In 2009 w e were living in Canada.
O Today she's wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing trousers.
O I woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful m orning. The sun was shining and the birds
were singing
Spellin g (live - » living / run —> running / lie - » lying etc.) —» Ap p en d ix 5
am/ is/ are + -ing (p resen t ) —> was/ were + -ing (p a st ):
p a st
I'm working (n o w ).
It isn't raining (n o w ).
W hat are you doing (now)?
O I was working at 10.30 last night.
O It wasn't raining w hen we w ent out.
O W h at were you doing at 3 o'clock?
36 ( was/ were Unit 10 I was doing and I did (past continuous and simple) Unit 14

Exercises
Look at the pictures. W here were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? And what were
they doing? W
f
rite two
M
sentences for each picture.
^ ^ S
I I
L ; , 'VPLATFC5R'
r / V 111
1
i ^
R A C H E L J A C K K A T E T O M
T R A C E Y
M R AN D M RS H A L L
at h o m e at t h e cin e m a in his car
w a t ch TV w a t ch a f ilm d rive
at t h e st at io n
w ait f or a train
in t h e p ark
w alk
1 Rachel, was at home. She was watching TV...............................................................................................
2 Jack and Kate........................................................................Th e y .......................................................................................................
3 To m ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 And you? I ................................................................................................................................................................................................
Sarah did a lot of things yesterday morning. Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences.
7 .1 0 - 7 .2 5 7 .3 0 - 8 .1 0 8.30 - 9.00
1 A t 8.45 sh e w as w ashing her car.
2 A t 10.45 sh e
3 A t 8 o 'clo ck
breakfast
9 .2 0 - 1 0 .0 0
4 A t 12.10.........
5 A t 7.15............
6 A t 9.3 0............
Com plete the questions. Use was/ w ere -ing. Use w hat/ w here/ w hy if necessary.
Look at the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon. W hat was he doing? W rite
positive or negative sentences.
1 (w ear / a jacket) He w asn Y wearing a ja c k e t ,........................
2 (carry / a bag) ..................................................................................................
3 (go / to the d entist) .....................................................................................
4 (eat / an ice cream ) ......................................................................................
5 (carry / an um brella) ...................................................................................
6 (go / ho m e) ......................................................................................................
7 (w ear / a hat) ...................................................................................................
8 (rid e / a bicycle) .............................................................................................
37

His phone rang.
He stopped reading.
He answered his
phone.
W h at happened? His pho ne rang, (p a st sim p le)
W h at was Jack doing when his p hone rang?
(p a st co n t in u o u s)
He was reading a book.
W h at did he do when his phone rang?
He stopped reading and answered his phone.
(p a st sim p le)
Jack began reading before his p hone rang.
So w h en his p hone rang, he was reading.
he started
reading
his phone
rang
he stopped
reading
he answered
his phone
______ i
he was reading
p a st sim p le
p a st con tin u o u s
O a: W hat did you do yesterday m orning? O a: W h at were you doing at 10.30?
b: W e played tennis, (from 10 to 11.30) b: W e were playing tennis.
st a r t fin ish st a r t
10 o'clock 11.30
1.......................
1
1
we played
co m p let e a ctio n
10 o'clock
i |
\ \ t / /
we were playing
u n fin ish ed a ctio n
O Jack read a book yesterday. (= from
beginning to end)
O Did you watch the gam e on TV last
night?
O It didn't rain w hile we were on holiday.
O Jack was reading a book when his
phone rang.
Were you watching TV when I phoned
you?
It wasn't raining when I got up.
O I started w o rk at 9 o'clock and finished at 4.30. A t 2.30 I was working.
O It was raining w hen we went out. (= it started raining before we w ent o ut)
O I saw Lucy and Steve this m orning. They were waiting at the bus stop.
O Kelly fell asleep while she was reading.
38 ( I did (past sim ple) 4 Units 11- 12 I was doing (past continuous) ■ » Unit 13 while Unit 105
)

Exercises
Look at the pictures. Put the verbs in the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
Lu cy b ro ke (break) her arm last week.
It ................................................................(hap p en) when
sh e ................................................................(p aint) her
room . Sh e.............................................................. (fall)
o ff the ladder.
The t rain ................................................................(arrive)
at the station and Pau la.................................................
(get) off. Tw o friends o f hers, Jon and Rachel,
..........................................................................(w ait) to
m eet her.
3 Yesterday Sue............................................... (walk)
along the road when sh e............................. (m eet)
James. H e................................................................(go)
to the station to catch a train and he
..........................................................(carry) a bag.
Th ey...........................................................(stop) to
talk for a few minutes.
Put the verb into the past continuous or past sim ple.
1 a: W hat was the weather like when yo u g o t (get) up this morning?
b: It w as raining (rain).
2 a : Was Jane busy when you went to see her?
b: Yes, sh e...........................................................(study).
3 a : ...........................................................(Paul/ call) you this morning?
b: Yes, h e...........................................................(call) while.I .............................................................(have) breakfast.
4 a : Was Tracey at work today?
b: No, sh e...........................................................(not/ go) to work. She was ill.
5 a : Ho w fast ........................................................................(you/ drive) when the police
...........................................................(stop) you?
b: I'm not sure, but I ........................................................................(not/ drive) very fast.
6 a : ..........................................................................(your team / win) the football match yesterday?
b: The weather was very bad, so w e ...........................................................(not/ play).
7 a : Ho w ........................................................................(you/ break) the window?
b: W e (play) football...I ...........................................................(kick) the ball and
i t ...........................................................(hit) the window.
8 a : ..........................................................................(you/ see) Jessica last night?
b: Yes, sh e..........................................................................(wear) a very nice jacket.
9 a : W h at ..........................................................................(you/ do) at 2 o'clock this morning?
b: I was asleep.
10 a : I ..........................................................(lose) my key last night.
b: Ho w ...........................................................(you/ get) into your room?
a : I ..........................................................(clim b) in through a window.
A d d it io n al exercises 1 4 - 1 5 (pages 2 5 7 - 5 8 )

Unit
15 I have done (present perfect 1)
j clean ed my sho e e^
His shoes are dirty.
He has cleaned his shoes.
(= his shoes are clean n o w )
3
They are at hom e.
They are going out.
They have gone out.
(= they are not at hom e n o w )
has cleaned / have gone etc. is the p resen t p er fect (have + p a st p a r t icip le):
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
have ('ve)
have not (haven't)
has ('s)
has not (hasn't)
cleaned
I cleaned?
finished have we
[ regu la r verbs
have
finished?
started
you started?
lost
done
they
he
lost?
done? I irregular
been hac has she been? \ verbs
gone
it gone?
p a st p a rticip le
Regu la r verbs The past participle is -ed (t he sam e as the past sim ple):
clean —> I have cleaned finish —» we have finished start —> she has started
Ir regu lar verbs The past p articiple is not -ed.
Som etim es the past sim ple and past participle are the same:
buy —> I bought / 1have bought
have —> he had / he has had
So m etim es the past sim ple and past participle are different:
break —> I broke / 1have broken
fall —> it fell / it has fallen
see - » you saw / you have seen
go —> they went / they have gone
W e use the present perfect for an a ction in th e p a st w ith a result n ow :
O I've lost m y passport. (= I can't find m y passport n o w )
O 'Where's Rebecca?' 'She's gone to bed.' (= she is in bed n o w )
O We've bought a new car. (= we have a new car n o w )
O It's Rachel's birthday t o m o rro w and I haven't bought her a present. (= I don't have a present
for her n o w )
O 'Bob is away on holiday.' 'Oh, where has he gone?' (= where is he n ow ?)
O Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished w ith it? (= do you need it n ow ?)
present perfect Units 16-19 present perfect and past simple Unit 20
irregular verbs Unit 24, Appendix 2-3______________________________________

Exercises
f O Look at the pictures. W hat has happened? Choose from the box.
go to bed clean his shoes stop raining
close the door fall down have a show er
—> M Th ey.
H i 1 M M He.
—> The.
H
g | Com plete the sentences with a verb from the box.
break buy decide finish forget go go
invite lose see not/ see take tell not/ tell
1 I y e j o s t m y keys. I don't kno w where they are.
2 I ........................................................................som e new shoes. Do you w ant to see them ?
3 'W here is Helen?' 'She's not here. Sh e......................................................................out.'
4 I'm looking for Paula...................................y o u .................................................her?
5 Look! So m eb o d y........................................................................that w indow.
6 'Does Lisa know that you're going away?' 'Yes, I ........................................................................her.'
7 I can't find m y um brella. So m eb o d y........................................................................it.
8 'W here are m y glasses?' 'I don't know. I ......................................................................them.'
9 I'm looking for Sarah. W h ere...............................sh e ..................................................?
10 I kno w that w om an, but I ........................................................................her name.
11 Sue is having a party tonight. Sh e a lot o f people.
12 W h at are you going to do? ...............................y o u ..................................................?
13 a : Does Ben kno w ab o ut the m eeting tom orro w ?
B: I don't t hink so. I ........................................................................him .
14 I w ith this magazine. Do you w ant it?

I've ju st ... I’ve already...
16 I haven't... yet (present perfect 2)
I've j u s t ...
j u st = a short tim e ago
O a: Are Laura and Paul here?
b: Yes, they've j u st arrived.
O a : Are you hungry?
b: N o , I've j u st had d inner.
O a : Is Tom here?
b: N o , I'm afraid he's j u st gone.
(= he h a s just gone)
% m k
They have just arrived.
I've alread y...
already = before you exp ected / before I expected
O a: W h at tim e are Laura and Paul com ing?
b: They've already arrived.
(= before you exp ected )
Yes, I know. We’ve
already met.
O It's only 9 o'clock and An na has already
gone to bed. (= before I exp ected )
O a : Jon, this is Em m a.
b: Yes, I know. W e've already met.
I h aven 't ... yet / Have you ... yet?
yet = until now
W e use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end.
yet in negative sentences (I haven't ... yet)
O a: Are Laura and Paul here?
b. No, they haven't arrived yet.
(b ut B exp ects Laura and Paul to arrive soon)
O a: Does Jam es kno w that you're going away?
b: N o , I haven't told him yet.
(b ut B is going to tell him so on)
O Silvia has bought a new dress, but she hasn't w orn it yet.
The film hasn't started yet.
yet in questions (Have you ... yet?)
O a: Have Laura and Paul arrived yet?
b: N o , not yet. We're still waiting for them .
O a: Has N icola started her new jo b yet?
b: N o, she starts next week.
O a : This is m y new dress.
b: Oh, it's nice. Have you w orn it yet?
42 ( present perfect Units 1 5 ,1 7 - 2 0 word order 4 Unit 94 still, yet and already 4 Unit 95 )

Exercises
W rite a sentence with just for each picture.
1 Theyye ju st a rrived
2 H e ............................................
3 Th e y......
4 The race
Com plete the sentences. Use already + present perfect.
| g g } W rite a sentence with just (They've ju st ... / She's ju st ... etc.) or a negative sentence with yet
(They haven't ... yet / She h asn 't ... yet etc.).
CD a f e w m in u tes
go uM<
(OUT
now
« . r
{2} a f e w m in u t es
now
o/ew m in u t es
ago
• *
(she / go / o ut)
Sha hasn’t.gpne out yet...
H lV -
(the bus / go)
The b u s............
(the train / leave)
© o/ew m in u t es
n o w | GD o/ ew m in u t es
n o w
© o / ew m in u t es
ago
ago
ago
(they / finish / their d inner) (it / stop / raining) u
W rite questions with yet.
1 Yo ur friend has a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her:
Have you s.ta.rtad.your naw ...............................................................................
2 Yo ur friend has som e new neighbours. Perhaps he has m et them . You ask him :
.......................y o u ..................................................................................................................................................
3 Yo ur friend has to pay her electricity bill. Perhaps she has paid it. You ask her:
4 Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it. You ask a friend ab o ut Tom :

Unit
17 Have you ever... ? (present perfect 3)
Have you been
to Rome?
Yes, I have.
Many times.
Have you ever
been to Japan?
No, I've never
been to Japan.
W e use the p resen t p er fect (have been / have had / have played etc.) w hen we talk about a tim e from
the past until no w - for exam ple, a persons life:
Have you ever been to Japan?
— tim e fr o m th e p a st until n o w -
p a st
n o w
O 'Have you been to France?'
'No, I haven't.'
O I've been to Canada, but I haven't been to the United States.
O M ary is an interesting person. She has had m any different jo bs and has lived in m any places.
O I've seen that w o m an before, but I can't rem em ber where.
O H o w m any tim es has Brazil won the W o rld Cup?
O 'Have you read this book?'
'Yes, I've read it twice.' (tw ice = t w o tim es)
p resen t p er fect + ever (in questions) and never:
O 'Has Ann ever been to Australia?' 'Yes, once.' (once = one tim e)
O 'Have you ever played golf?'
'Yes, I play a lot.'
O M y sister has never travelled by plane.
O I've never ridden a horse.
O 'W ho is that man?' 'I don't know. I've never seen him before.'
gone and been
t w o w eeks la t er
, Ben. ^
Hi. I've been
on holiday. I've
been to Spain.
B E N
Ben has gone to Spain.
(= he is in Spain n o w )
Ben has been to Spain.
(= he w ent to Spain, but no w he is back)
Com pare:
O I can't find Susan. W here has she gone? (= where is she now?)
O Oh, hello Susan! I was looking for you. W here have you been?
44 ( present perfect 4 Units 15-16,18 present perfect and past simple 4 Unit 20

Exercises
You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you e v e r... ? W rite the questions.
Helen
1 (be / London?)
2 (p lay/ g o lf?)
3 (be / Australia?)
4 (lo se / y o u r p a ssp o r t ?)
5 (fly / in a helicopter?)
6 (w in / a race?)
7 (be / N ew York?)
8 (d rive / a bus?)
9 (b reak / yo ur leg?)
Have yo u ever ^
Have yo u .ever p layed j o l f ? ...........
H ave..................................................................
No, never.
Yes, m any tim es.
Yes, once.
No, never.
Yes, a few times.
No, never.
Yes, twice.
No, never.
Yes, once.
W rite sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.)
1 (be / N ew Yo rk) St e 's bean, t o Naw Yo rk t w ice........................................
2 (be / Australia) Sh e...........................................................................................................
3 (w in / a race) ........................................................................................................................
4 (fly / in a helicopter) ........................................................................................................
N ow write about yourself. How often have you done these things?
5 (be / N ew Yo rk) I ...........................................................................................................
6 (play / tennis) ...................................................................................................................
7 (d rive / a lo rry) ................................................................................................................
8 (be / late for w o rk or scho o l) .................................................................................
M ary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. W hat has she done?
M ary
Jvu m 11 aVv be all over the w orld a lot of interesting things
do w rite m any different jobs a lot of interesting people
travel m eet ten books m arried three tim es
1 Sh e has. had. m an yd ifferen t j'p b s..
2 Sh e...................................................................
3 ..................................................................................
4 ...........................................................................
5 .....................................................................
6 ........................................................................
| W rite gone or been.
1 Ben is on holiday at the m o m ent. H e's g o n e to Spain.
2 'Have you ever..................................... to M exico?' 'No, never.'
3 M y parents aren't at hom e at the m o m ent. Th ey've.....................................out.
4 There's a new restaurant in town. Have y o u ........................................ to it?
5 Rebecca loves Paris. She's........................................there m any tim es.
6 Helen was here earlier, but I t hink she's.........................................now.
7 'Where's Jessica?' 'She's not in the office. I t hink she's.........................................home.'
8 Hello, Sue. I was looking for you. W here have y o u .......................................?
-> Additional exercises 16,18 (pages 258- 60)

Unit
18 How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
Helen is on holiday in Ireland.
She is there now.
She arrived in Ireland on M onday.
Today is Thursday.
How long has she been in Ireland?
She has been in Ireland
since M onday.
for three days.
Co m pare is and has been:
She is in Ireland
now.
is = p resen t
She has been in Ireland
since M onday,
for three days.
has been = p resen t p er fect
M o n d a y
n o w
Th u rsd a y
Com pare:
p resen t sim p le
Dan and Kate are married.
Are you m arried?
Do you know Lisa?
I know Lisa.
Vicky lives in London.
I have a car.
p resen t p er fect sim p le (have been / have lived / have known etc.)
They have been m arried for five years.
(n o t They are m arried for five years.)
How long have you been married?
(n o t How long are you m arried?)
How long have you known her?
(n o t How long do you kno w her?)
I've known her for a long time.
(n o t I know her f o r ...)
How long has she lived in London?
She has lived there all her life.
How long have you had yo ur car?
I've had it since April.
p resen t co n t in u o u s
I'm learning Germ an.
David is w atching TV.
It's raining.
p resen t p er fect co n t in u o u s (have been + -ing)
How long have you been learning Germ an?
(n o t How long are you learning Germ an?)
I've been learning Germ an for tw o years.
H ow long has he been w atching TV?
He's been (= He has been) w atching TV since 5 o'clock.
It's been (= It has been) raining all day.
( for and since 4 Units 19,104

Exercises
I Q
) Com plete these sentences.
1 Helen is in Ireland Sh e h as been in Ireland since M onday.
2 I kno w Lisa. I have known her for a long tim e.
3 Sarah and And y are m arried. Th e y ................................................................m arried since 2005.
4 Ben is ill. H e ................................................................ill for the last few days.
5 W e live in Sco tt Road. W e ................................................................there for a long tim e.
6 Catherine w orks in a bank. Sh e................................................................there for five years.
7 Alan has a headache. H e a headache since he got up this m orning.
8 I'm learning English. I ................................................................English for six m onths.
< f g j M ake questions with How lo n g .
l o o k at the pictures and com plete the sentences with:
for ten m inutes all day all her life
for ten years since he was 20 since Sunday
1 Thay have.been marrjed.for.i^ nyears...............................................................................................
2 Sh e....................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Th e y .................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 The su n ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Sh e....................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 H e ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
w h ich is right?
1 M ark lives / has lived in Canad a since April, (has lived is rig h t)
2 Jane and I are friends. I kno w / I've known her very well.
3 Jane and I are friends. I kno w / I've known her for a long tim e.
4 a: Sorry I'm late. How long are you waiting/ have you been w aiting ?
b: N o t long. O nly five m inutes.
5 Luke w o rks / has worked in a hotel now. He likes his job a lot.
6 Ruth is reading a newspaper. She is reading / She has been reading it for t w o hours.
7 'H o w long do you live / have you lived in this house?' A b o u t ten years.'
8 'Is that a new coat?' 'No, I have / I've had this coat for a long time.'
9 Tom is / has been in Spain at the m o m ent. He is / He has been there for the last three days.

Unit
19 for since ago
for and since
W e use for and since to say h o w long:
Helen is in Ireland. She has been there
W e use for + a period o f tim e
(three days / tw o years etc.):
for three days,
since M onday.
W e use since + the start o f the period
(M onday / 9 o'clock etc.):
st a r t o f th e
p erio d
for three days
M o nd ay
since M onday
p a st
n o w
p a st
n o w
three days
an ho ur
a week
a m onth
five years
for
ten m inutes
t w o hours
four weeks
six m o nths
a long tim e
since
M o nd ay W ednesday
9 o'clock 12.30
24 July Christm as
January I was ten years old
1985 we arrived
O
Richard has been in Canad a for six
m onths. (n o t since six m o nths)
W e've been waiting for tw o hours.
(n o t since t w o hours)
O Richard has been in Canad a since
January. (= from January to no w )
O W e've been waiting since 9 o'clock.
(= from 9 o'clock to no w )
O I've lived in London for a long tim e.
O I've lived in London since I w as ten
years old.
ago
ago = before now:
O Susan started her new jo b three weeks ago. (= three weeks before no w )
O 'W hen did Tom go out?' Ten m inutes ago.' (= ten m inutes before no w )
O I had dinner an hour ago.
O Life was very different a hundred years ago.
W e use ago w ith the p ast (started/ did/ had/ w as etc.).
Co m p are ago and for:
O W hen did Helen arrive in Ireland?
She arrived in Ireland three days ago.
O How long has she been in Ireland?
She has been in Ireland for three days.
SitlllSfl
48 ( present perfect + for/ since -> Unit 18 from/ until/ since/ for ^ Unit 104 for and d uring^ Unit 105 )

Exercises
| W rite for or since.
1 Helen has been in Irelan d sin ce M onday.
2 Helen has been in Ireland f o r three days.
3 M y aunt has lived in A u st ralia................................15 years.
4 Tina is in her office. She has been t h ere...............................7 o'clock.
5 India has been an ind ep end ent co u n t ry...............................1947.
6 The bus is late. W e've been w ait in g ...............................20 m inutes.
7 N o b ody lives in those houses. They have been em p t y.................................m any years.
8 M ichael has been ill................................a long tim e. He has been in h o sp it al.................................October.
Answer these questions. Use ago.
1 W hen was yo ur last meal? Th rcc.h cu rs ago...............................................................
2 W hen was the last tim e you were ill?.....................................................................................................................................
3 W hen did you last go to the cinem a?....................................................................................................................................
4 W hen was the last tim e you were in a car? ..........................................................................................................
5 W hen was the last tim e you w ent on holiday? ..........................................................................................................
Co m p let e the sentences. Use for o r ago w it h these w o rd s.
i
1 Helen arrived in Irelan d Thraa d ay s ago............................................................................................ (three days)
2 Helen has been in Irelan d f o r t h r e e d ays......................................................................................... (three days)
3 Lynn and M ark have been m arried ........................................................................................................... (20 years)
4 Lynn and M ark got m arried ........................................................................................................................... (20 years)
5 Dan arrived .............................................................................................................................................................. (an ho ur)
6 I bought these sh o es.......................................................................................................................................... (a few days)
7 Silvia has been learning Eng lish.................................................................................................................... (six m o nths)
8 Have you known Lisa........................................................................................................................................ ? (a long tim e)
Co m p let e the sentences w it h for o r since.
1 (Helen is in Ireland - she arrived there three days ago)
Hejen h as boon j.n.lrcland.fo^ ....................................................................... L ............
2 (Jack is here - he arrived on Tuesday)
Jack h as............................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 (It's raining - it started an hour ago)
It's b een ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 (I kno w Sue - I first m et her in 2008)
I've............................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................
5 (Claire and M at t are m arried - they got m arried six m o nths ago)
Claire and M at t h ave..............................................................................................................................................................................
6 (Laura is studying m edicine at university - she started three years ago)
Laura h as.................................................................................................................................................’......................................................
7 (David plays the piano - he started when he was seven years old)
David h as........................................................................................................................................................................................................
c m W rit e sentences ab o u t yo urself. Begin yo u r sentences w it h :
I've lived ... I've been ... I've been learn ing ... I've known ... I've had ...
^
1 IVeJivcd jn t h is to w n .fp .rt h ree^ aars. ...............................
2 ...................
3 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-*• Additional exercises 16- 18 (pages 258-60)

Unit
2 0 I have done (present perfect) and I did (past)
W it h a fin ish ed tim e (yesterday / last w eek etc.), we use the past (arrived/ saw/ was etc.):
p a st
W e arrived
+ fin ish ed tim e
yesterday.
last week.
at 3 o'clock.
in 2002.
six m o nths ago.
yesterday
last week
six m onths ago
fin ish ed tim e
p a st
n o w
Do n o t use the present perfect (have arrived / have done / have been etc.) w ith a finished tim e:
O I saw Paula yesterday.
(n o t I have seen)
O W here were you on Sunday afternoon?
(n o t W here have you been)
O W e didn't have a holiday last year
(n o t W e haven't had)
O 'W hat did you do last night?' 'I stayed at home.'
O W illiam Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He w rote m any plays
and poem s.
Use the past to ask W hen ... ? or W hat tim e ... ?:
O W hen did you buy yo ur com puter? (n o t W hen have you bought)
O W hat tim e did And y go out? (n o t W hat tim e has And y gone o ut)
Com pare:
p resen t p erfect
O I have lost m y key.
(= I can't find it n o w )
O Ben has gone hom e.
(= he isn't here n o w )
p a st
O I lost m y key last week.
O Ben w ent hom e ten m inutes ago.
O
Have you seen Kate?
O
Did you see Kate on Saturday?
(= where is she n ow ?)
tim e u n til n o w
fin ish ed t im e ....................
p a st
n o w
p a st
n o w
O Have you ever been to Spain?
O Did you go to Spain last year?
(= in yo ur life, until n o w )
O
M y friend is a writer. He has w ritten
m any books.
O Shakespeare w rote m any plays and
poem s.
O Sam hasn't phoned me yet.
O W e've lived in Singapore for six years.
(= w e live there n o w )
O Sam didn't phone me yesterday.
O W e lived in Glasg ow for six years, but
no w we live in Singapore.
( past simple ^ Units 11-12 present perfect ^ Units 15-18

Exercises
Q ) Com plete the answers to the questions.
Are these sentences OK? Correct the verbs that are wrong. (The verbs are underlined.)
1 JVeJo st m y key. I can't find it.
2 Have you seen Kate yesterday?
3 I've finished m y w o rk at 2 o'clock.
4 I'm ready now. I've finished m y w ork.
5 W h at tim e have you finished yo ur work?
6 Sue isn't here. She's gone out.
7 Steve's g rand m o ther has died tw o years ago.
8 W here have you been last night?
OK................
..Q idyousee..
£ £ } Put the verb in the present perfect or past.
1 M y friend is a writer. H e h as w rit t en (w rit e) m any books.
2 W e d id n ’t h a ve (not/ have) a holiday last year.
3 I .............................................................. (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.
4 W h at t im e .............................................................. (you/ g o) to bed last night?
5 ................................................................(you ever m eet) a fam o us person?
6 The w eat h er.............................................................. (no t / b e) very good yesterday.
7 Kathy travels a lot. Sh e (visit) m any countries.
8 I .............................................................. (sw it ch) o ff the light before going o ut this m orning.
9 I live in N ew Yo rk now, but I (live) in M exico for m any years.
10 'W hat's Canad a like? Is it beautiful?' 'I don't know. I ................................................................(n o t / b e) there.'
^ut t ^ie verk *n t ^ie Present perfect or past.
1 a : t t a y e y m .e y e r been, (you/ ever/ b e) to Florida?
b: Yes, w e w en t (go) there on holiday t w o years ago.
a : (you/ have) a good tim e?
b: Yes, i t (b e) great.
2 a : Where's Alan? .............................................................. (you/ see) him?
b: Yes, h e ................................................................(go) o ut a few m inutes ago.
a : And Rachel?
b: I don't know. I ..............................................................(no t/ see) her.
3 Rose w o rks in a factory. Sh e................................................................(w o rk) there for six m onths.
Before that sh e
(b e) a waitress in a restaurant. She
(w o rk) there for t w o years, but sh e ...................................................
(no t/ enjo y) it very m uch.
4 a : Do you know M ark's sister?
b: I ...........................................................(see) her a few times, but .I ...........................................................
(never/ speak) to her. ........................................................................................(you/ ever/ speak) to her?
a : Yes. I
(m eet) her at a p arty last week. She's very nice.
Additional exercises 19- 23, 29-31 (pages 260- 62, 265- 67)

Unit
21 is done was done (passive 1)
The office is cleaned every day.
The office w as cleaned yesterday.
Co m p are active and passive:
Som eb o d y cleans the office everyd ay.
I
"The office is cleaned every day.
(a ct ive)
(p a ssive)
So m eb o d y cleaned the office yesterday.
(a ct ive)
The office w as cleaned yesterday.
(p a ssive)
The passive is:
p a st p a rticip le
p resen t sim p le
p a st sim p le
am / is/ are
was/ were
(n o t )
cleaned
invented
injured
done
built
taken etc.
The past participle o f regular verbs is -ed (cleaned / d am ag ed etc.).
For a list o f irregular past participles (done/ built/ taken etc.), see Ap p en d ix 2- 3.
□ Butter is m ade from m ilk.
O Oranges are im ported into Britain.
O H o w often are these room s cleaned?
O I am never invited to parties.
O This house w as built 100 years ago.
O These houses were built 100 years ago.
O W hen was the telephone invented?
O W e w eren’t invited to the p arty last week.
O 'Was anyb ody injured in the accident?' 'Yes, t w o people w ere taken to hospital.’
was/ w ere born
O I was born in Berlin in 1993.
O 'W here were you born?' 'In Cairo.'
(notIam b o rn)
p a ssive + by ...
O The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. (= Alexand er Bell invented it)
O I was bitten by a dog a few days ago.
O Do you like these paintings? They were painted by a friend of mine.
52
is being done / has been done Unit 22
active and passive ^ Appendix 1
irregular verbs *♦ Unit 24, Appendix 2 - 3 by Unit 111

Exercises
j a m W rite sentences from these words. Some of the sentences are questions.
Sentences 1 - 7 are present.
1 (the office / clean / every day)..................................T h e o j f i c e j e clea n ed e v e r y d a y ,.................
2 (h o w often / these room s / clean?)........................How o f t e n .a r e t h e s e .roo m s c\ ea n ed ?.
3 (glass / make / from sand) Glass..................................................................................
4 (the w ind o w s / clean / every t w o w eeks) .............................................................................................
5 (this room / no t / use / very m u ch)...............................................................................................................
6 (w e / allo w / to park here?)..........................................................................................................................
7 (h o w / this word / pronounce?)................................................................................................................
Sentences 8 - 15 are past.
8 (t he office / clean / yesterday) The o f f i c e
9 (the house / paint / last m o nth) The h o u se............................................................
10 (m y phone / steal / a few days ago) .....................................................................................
11 (three people / injure / in the accid ent) .....................................................................................
12 (w hen / this bridge / build?) .....................................................................................
13 (I / not / wake up / by the noise) .....................................................................................
14 (h o w / these w ind o w s / break?) .....................................................................................
15 (you / invite / to Jon's p arty last week?) .....................................................................................
g n t i These sentences are not correct. Correct them.
1 Th ish o u se^ b ^ 100 years ago..............................................................Th is.h o u sa w as. b uilt
2 Football plays in m ost countries o f the world ..................................................................................
3 W h y did the letter send to the wro ng address?..............................................................................
4 A film studio is a place where film s make................................. ..........................................................
5 W here are you born?........................................................................................................................................
6 H o w m any languages are speaking in Switzerland? ..........................................................
7 So m eb o d y broke into o ur house, but no thing stolen.................................................................
8 W hen was invented the bicycle?..............................................................................................................
I T K l Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:
-dearh dam age find give invite m ake m ake show steal take
1 The ro o m t e.d ean ed every day.
2 I saw an accid ent yesterday. Tw o p eo p le Wjsre.tak.an to hospital.
3 Pap er..............................................................from wood.
4 There was a fire at the hotel last week. Tw o o f the ro o m s................................................................
5 'W here did you get this picture?' ' It ................................................................to m e by a friend o f mine.'
6 M any Am erican p ro g ram m es...............................................................on British TV.
7 'Did Jam es and Sue go to the wedding?' 'No. Th e y ............................................................, but they didn't go.'
8 'H o w old is this film?' ' It in 1985.'
9 M y c a r ............................................................last week, but the next day i t .....................................................................by
the police.
| I K | Where were they born?
1 (Ian / Edinburgh) ......................................................................................................
2 (Sarah / M anchester) Sarah ...........................................................................................................................................................
3 (her parents / Ireland) H e r...............................................................................................................................................................
4 (yo u / ???) I ......................................................................................................................................................................
5 (yo ur m o ther / ???) ........................................................................................................................................................................
53

Unit
is being done has been done (passive 2)
j | is/ are being ... (p resen t co n t in u o u s p a ssive)
■ i m m m m m ■ ■
Som eb o d y is painting the d o or . (a ct ive)
■ i i i
The d o or is being painted. (p a ssive)
■ I
O M y car is at the garage. It is being repaired. (= so m eb ody is repairing it)
O Som e new houses are being b uilt opposite the park. (= so m eb o d y is building them )
Co m p are the present co ntinuous and present sim ple:
O The office is being cleaned at the m o m ent, (co n t in u o u s)
The office is cleaned every day. (sim p le)
O Football m atches are often played at the weekend, but no m atches are being played next
weekend.
For the present co ntinuous and present sim ple, see Units 8 and 25.
has/ have been ... (p resen t p erfect p a ssive)
b efo re n o wmSom eb o d y has painted the d o o r . (a ct ive)
The d o o r has been painted. (p a ssive)
I I
I W ET
I i mm
O M y key has been stolen. (= so m eb ody has stolen it)
O M y keys have been stolen. (= som eb o d y has stolen them )
O I'm not going to the party. I haven't been invited. (= no b ody has invited m e)
O
Has this shirt been washed? (= has som eb o d y washed it?)
Co m p are the present perfect and past sim ple:
O The room isn't d irty any m ore. It has been cleaned, (p r esen t p erfect )
The room was cleaned yesterday, (p a st sim p le)
O I can't find m y keys. I think they've been stolen, (p resen t p erfect )
M y keys were stolen last week, (p a st sim p le)
For the present perfect and past sim ple, see Unit 20.
54 ( is done / was done Unit 21 active and passive Appendix 1
)

Exercises
| W hat's happening?
0 ^
f(2)a
T i 1
r
4
V ' V j J *11. , . «
r
v _______ ~
1 The car isb eiH3 r e p a i r ed , 3 The windows.
2 A bridge.............................................................................. 4 The grass.........
£ | j p
Look at the pictures. W hat is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous
(is/ are b ein g ...) or the present perfect (has/ have been ...).
1 (t he office / clean) The o ffice .is being, cleaned,................................................................................................................
2 (t he shirts / iron) Th e .sh ir t y ..............................................................................................................
3 (t he w ind o w / break) The w in d o w .............................................................................................................................................
4 (t he ro o f / repair) The ro o f ...............................................................................................................................................................
5 (t he car / dam age) .................................................................................................................................................................................
6 (the houses / kno ck / d o w n) ..........................................................................................................................................................
7 (the trees / cut / d o w n) ......................................................................................................................................................................
8 (t hey / invite / to a p arty) ..................................................................................................................................................................
Com plete the sentences. (Study Unit 21 before you do this exercise.)
1 I can't use m y office at the m o m ent. It fe M n g .p .in t e d (p aint).
2 W e didn't go to the party. W e warg n’t inyiTad (not/ invite).
3 The washing m achine was broken, but it's O K now. It ................................................................................(repair).
4 The washing m ach in e..............................................................................(repair) yesterday afternoon.
5 A factory is a place where t h in g s..............................................................................(m ake).
6 H o w old are these houses? W h e n ................................................................................(they/ build )?
7 a : ................................................................................ (t he p ho to co p ier / use) at the m om ent?
b: N o , yo u can go ah ea d an d u se it.
8 I've never seen these flowers before. W h at ................................................................................(they/ call)?
9 M y sung lasses................................................................................(steal) at the beach yesterday.
10 The bridge is closed at the m o m ent. I t ................................................................................(dam age) last week and
i t ..............................................................................................................(not/ rep air) yet.
Additional exercises 24- 27 (pages 263- 64) 55

O I'm never invited to parties.
O Butter is m ade from m ilk.
O These offices aren't cleaned every day.
O The office was cleaned yesterday.
O These houses w ere built 100 years ago.
O H o w w as the w ind o w broken?
O W here w ere you born?
have/ has + p a st p a r t icip le (cleaned/ lost/ eaten/ been etc.)
have/ has + p a st p a rticip le
(p r esen t p erfect )
—> Units 15- 18
O I've cleaned m y room .
O Tom has lost his passport.
O Kate hasn't been to Canada.
O W here have Paul and Em m a gone?
do/ does/ did + in fin it ive (clean/ like/ eat/ go etc.)
do/ does + in fin it ive
(p resen t sim p le n ega tive
a n d q u estion s)
—» Units 6 - 7
did + in fin it ive
(p a st sim p le n egative a n d
q u est io n s)
O I like coffee, but I don't like tea.
O Chris doesn't go o ut very often.
O W h at do you usually do at weekends?
O Does Sam live alone?
O I didn't w atch TV yesterday.
O It didn't rain last week.
O W h at tim e did Paul and Em m a go out?
- » Unit 12
56 ( irregular verbs ^ Unit 24, Appendix 2 - 3
)

Exercises
W rite is/ are or do/ does.
1 ......... .. you w o rk in the evenings?
2 W h ere are they going?
3 W h y you looking at me?
4 Ben live near you?
5 you like cooking?
6 the sun shining?
7 W h at t im e the shops close?
8 M aria working today?
9 W h a t this word mean?
10 you feeling all right?
W rite am not/ isn't/ aren't or don't/ doesn't. All these sentences are negative.
1 To m d o e sn ' t w o rk at weekends.
2 I'm very tired. I w ant to go o ut this evening.
3 I'm very tired. I ........................................going o ut this evening.
4 G ary ........................................wo rking this week. He's on holiday.
5 M y parents are usually at hom e. Th e y ........................................go o ut very often.
6 N icola has travelled a lot, but sh e speak any foreign languages.
7 You can turn o ff the television. I w atching it.
8 Lisa has invited us to her p arty next week, but w e ........................................going.
{ £ £ ) W rite was/ w ere/ did/ have/ has.
1 W h ere we r e yo ur shoes made?
2 ...............................you go o ut last night?
3 W h at ................................ you doing at 10.30?
4 W h ere................................ yo ur m o ther born?
5 ...............................Laura gone hom e?
W h at t im e. ..........................she go?
W h e n ........... these houses built?
. Steve arrived yet?
9 W h y .................... you go hom e early?
10 H o w lo n g .................................they been m arried?
| W rite is/ are/ was/ were/ have/ has.
1 Jo e h a s lost his passport.
2
3
4
5
This b rid g e.........................built ten years ago.
.........................you finished yo ur w o rk yet?
This town is always clean. The st reet s.........................cleaned every day.
W h ere.........................you born?
6 I .......................just m ade som e coffee. W o uld you like som e?
7 Glass.......................m ade from sand.
8 This is a very old photograph. I t taken a long tim e ago.
9 D avid .......................bought a new car.
Com plete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb into the correct form.
dam age
listen
rain
use
enjoy
open
-gego
pronounce
understand
eat
1 I'm going to take an um brella w ith me. It 's raining ......
2 W h y are you so tired? Did y o u QQ to bed late last night?
3 W here are the chocolates? Have y o u ................................................them all?
4 H o w is yo ur new job? Are y o u ................................................ it?
5 M y car was b ad ly................................................in the accident, but I was O K.
6 Kate has got a car, but she d o esn 't it very often.
7 Lisa isn't at hom e. She h as away for a few days.
8 I d o n 't ...............................................the problem . Can you explain it again?
9 M ark is in his room . H e's................................................to m usic.
10 I don't know ho w to say this word. How is i t ................................................?
11 H o w do y o u ...............................................this w ind o w ? Can you sho w me?

Unit
2 4 Regular and irregular verbs
Regular verbs
The p a st sim p le and p a st p a r t icip le o f regular verbs is -ed:
clean —> cleaned live —» lived paint —> painted study —> studied
Past sim p le ( —> Unit 11)
I cleaned m y room yesterday.
Chris st u d ied engineering at university.
Past p a rticip le
have/ has + p a st p a rt icip le (p resent perfect —» Units 15- 18):
O I have cleaned m y room .
O Tina has lived in London for ten years.
be (is/ are/ were/ has been etc.) + p a st p a r t icip le (passive —» Units 21- 22):
O These room s are cleaned every day.
O
M y car has been repaired.
Irregular verbs
The past sim ple and past participle o f irregular verbs do n o t end in -ed:
make break cut
p a st sim p le m ade broke cut
p a st p a rticip le m ade broken cut
Som etim es the past sim ple and past participle are the sam e. For exam ple:
p a st sim p le
p a st p a rticip le
m ake find buy cut
m ade found bought cut
O I m ade a cake yesterday, (p a st sim p le)
O I have m ade som e coffee, (p a st p a r t icip le - p resen t p er fect )
O Butter is m ade from m ilk, (p a st p a r t icip le - p a ssive p resen t )
So m etim es the past sim ple and past participle are different. For exam ple:
break know begin go
p a st sim p le broke knew began w ent
p a st p a rticip le broken known begun gone
O
So m eb o d y broke this w ind o w last night, (p a st sim p le)
O So m ebody has broken this w ind o w , (p a st p a r t icip le - p resen t p erfect )
O This w ind o w was broken last night, (p a st p a r t icip le - p a ssive p a st )
u — r
1 W
58 ( irregular verbs Appendix 2- 3 spelling (regular verbs) Appendix 5
D

Exercises
c m W rite the past sim ple / past participle of these verbs. (The past sim ple and past participle are the
same for all the verbs in this exercise.)
1 m ake m ad e..................... 6 enjoy ................................... 11 hear
2 cut c u t .......................... 7 buy ................................... 12 put
3 get ...................................... 8 sit .................................... 13 catch
4 bring ...................................... 9 leave ..................................... 14 watch
5 pay ...................................... 10 happen ......................................... 15 und erstand
W rite the past sim ple and past participle of these verbs.
1 break b r o k e b roken 8 com e
2 begin
9 know
3 eat
10 take
4 drink 11 go
5 drive 12 give
6 speak
13 thro w
7 write
14 forget
Put the verb in the right form.
1 I w ash ed m y hands because they were dirty, (w ash)
2 So m eb o d y h as broken this wind o w , (break)
3 I feel good. I ..........................................very well last night, (sleep)
4 W e .......................................a really good film yesterday, (see)
5 It a lot w hile we were on holiday, (rain)
6 I've.......................................m y bag. Have y o u it? (lose / see)
7 Rosa's bicycle w as........................................ last week, (steal)
8 I to bed early because I was tired, (go)
9 Have y o u yo ur w o rk yet? (finish)
10 The shopping centre w as........................................about 20 years ago. (b uild )
11 A n n a.......................................to drive when she was 18. (learn)
12 I've n ever......................................a horse, (rid e)
13 Jessica is a good friend o f m ine. I've her for a long tim e, (kn o w )
14 Yesterday I ....................................... an d .........................................m y leg. (fall / hurt)
15 M y b ro t h er in the Lond on M aratho n last year. Have you ever..................................
in a m arathon? (run / run)
g g Com plete these sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb into the correct form.
cost drive fly m ake m eet sell
speak swim tell think wake up win
1 I h ave fliad e som e coffee. W o uld you like some?
2 Have y o u ........................................John ab o ut yo ur new job?
3 W e played basketball on Sunday. W e didn't play very well, but w e ........................................the game.
4 I kno w Gary, but I've n ever........................................his wife.
5 W e w e re.......................................by loud m usic in the m iddle o f the night.
6 Stephanie jum p ed into the river an d to the o ther side.
7 'Did you like the film?' 'Yes, I it was very good.'
8 M any different languages are in the Philippines.
9 O u r h o lid ay a lot o f m oney because we stayed in an expensive hotel.
10 Have you ever........................................a very fast car?
11 All the tickets for the co ncert w ere very quickly.
12 A b ird .........................................in through the open w ind o w w hile we were having o ur dinner.

Unit
2 5 What are you doing tomorrow?
t o d a y is Su n d a y
Q ’m playing tennis tomorrow.^
They are playing tennis (now). He is playing tennis tom orrow .
W e use am / is/ are + -ing (p resen t co n t in u o u s) for som ething happening now:
O 'W here are Tina and Helen?' 'They're playing tennis in the park.'
O
Please be quiet. I'm working.
W e also use am / is/ are + -ing for t h e fu t u r e (t o m o rro w / next week etc.):
O And rew is playing tennis tom orro w.
O
I'm not working next week.
I am doing som ething tom orrow = I have arranged to do it, I have a plan to do it:
O
Sophie is going to the dentist on Friday.
(= she has an ap p o intm ent w ith the dentist)
O We're having a party next weekend.
O Are you m eeting yo ur friends tonight?
O W h at are you doing to m o rro w evening?
O I'm not going o ut tonight. I'm staying at hom e.
I’m going to a
co n cer t tomorrow.
You can also say Tm going to do so m ething' ( —> Unit 26).
W e use the present co ntinuous (I'm staying / are you com ing etc.) to say w hat so m eb o d y has arranged
to do:
O I'm staying at hom e this evening. (n o t I stay)
O Are you going o ut tonight? (n o t Do you go)
O Lisa isn't com ing to the party next week, (n o t Lisa doesn't co m e)
But we use the present sim ple (start, arrives etc.) for tim etables, program m es, trains, buses e t c.:
O The train arrives at 7.30.
O
Com pare:
W h at tim e does the film finish?
WmmmwA
p resen t co n t in u o u s (usually for people)
O I'm going to a co ncert tom orrow.
O W h at tim e are you leaving?
p resen t sim p le (for tim etables, program m es etc.)
O The co ncert starts at 7.30.
O W h at tim e does yo ur train leave?
60 ( present continuous Units 3 - 4 present sim ple Units 5 - 7 Tm going to . Unit 26

Exercises
A N D REW RICH ARD RACH EL KAREN SUE AN D TOM
1 Andrew is....................................................
2 Rich ard ........................................................to the cinem a.
3 Rach el..................................................................................................................................
4 ...............................................................................................................lunch w ith W ill.
5 .................................................................................................................................................
W rite questions. All the sentences are future.
1 (you / go / o ut / tonight?) A r e y o u .g o in ^
2 (you / w o rk / next week?) ......................................................................
3 (w h a t / y o u / d o / t o m o r r o w evening?) ......................................................................
4 (w hat tim e / yo ur friends / com e?) ......................................................................
5 (w hen / Lisa / go / on holiday?) ......................................................................
| W rite sentences about yourself. W hat are you doing in the next few days?
1 I’m st ayin .g .at h o m a t o n ig h t ........................................................................................................................................................
2 1’m .g p jn a t o ^ ........................................................................................................................................................................................
3 ......................................................... .........
4 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 ,........................................................................................................................................................................
| Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving etc.) or present sim ple (the train leaves etc.).
1 ' Araypu.g p ing , (you/ go) o ut tonight?' 'No, I'm too tired.'
2 W eVejo jn g (we/ go) to a co ncert tonig ht I.t s t a r t s (it / st art) at 7.30.
3 Do you kno w ab o ut Sarah? ..............................................................................(she/ get) m arried next m onth!
4 a : M y p aren t s (go) on holiday next week.
b: Oh, that's nice. W h ere................................................................................(they/ go)?
5 Silvia is doing an English course at the m o m ent. The co u rse..............................................................................
(finish) on Friday.
6 There's a p arty to m o rro w night, b u t ..............................................................................(I/ not/ g o).
7 ................................................................................(I/ go) o ut w ith som e friends tonight. W h y don't you com e
too? ................................................................................(w e/ m eet) at the Royal Hotel at 8 o'clock.
8 a : Ho w (you/ get) hom e after the p arty tom orro w ? By taxi?
b: No, I can go by bus. The last b u s..............................................................................(leave) at m idnight.
9 a : ..............................................................................(yo u/ co m e) with us to the cinem a tonight?
b: Yes, w hat t im e ................................................................................(the film / begin)?
10 a : W h at ................................................................................(yo u/ d o ) to m o rro w afternoon?
b: ..............................................................................(I/ w o rk).

I'm going t o do so m et h in g
Q m going t o w atch TV t his evening
m o rn in g
th is even in g
She is going to w atch TV this evening.
W e use am / is/ are going to ... for t h e fu t u r e:
1 am do ...
he/ she/ it is (n o t ) going to d r in k ...
w e/ yo u/ they are w atch ...
am 1 b u y ... ?
is he/ she/ it going to e a t ... ?
are w e/ yo u/ they w e a r ... ?
I am going to do som ething = I have decid ed to do it, m y intention is to do it:
I decided to do i t ------------------ ►
I'm going to do it
p a st n o w fu t u r e
O I'm going to buy som e books tom orro w.
O Sarah is going to sell her car.
O I'm not going to have breakfast this m orning. I'm not hungry.
O W h at are you going to w ear to the w edding next week?
'Your hands are dirty.' 'Yes, I know. I'm going to wash them.'
O Are you going to invite M ark to yo ur party?
W e also use the present co ntinuous (I am doing) for the future, usually for arrangem ents (—> Unit 25):
I am playing tennis w ith Julia tom orrow.
Som ething is going to happen
Som ething is going to happen = we can see n ow
that it is sure to happen:
O
Look at the sky! It's going to rain.
(b lack clouds n o w —> rain)
O Oh dear! It's 9 o'clock and I'm no t ready.
I'm going to be late.
(9 o'clock n o w and not ready —» late)
( present for the future 4 Unit 25 will Units 27- 28
D

Exercises
Com plete the sentences. Use going to + these verbs:
do eat give lie dow n stay w alk w ash w atch w ear
1 M y hands are dirty. iM.goi.ng_ t o w ash them .
2 W h at am yo u .g o in a t o w ear to the party tonight?
3 Its a nice day. I don't w ant to take the bus. I ...........................................................
4 Steve is going to London next week. H e ..................................................................... w ith som e friends.
5 I'm hungry. I ................................................................................this sandwich.
6 Its Sarah's birthday next week. W e ................................................................................her a present.
7 Sue says she's feeling very tired. Sh e................................................................................for an hour.
8 Yo ur favourite program m e is on TV to nig ht.............................y o u ..........................................................
9 W h at ............................. Rach el................................................................................. when she leaves school?
it?
Look at the pictures. W hat is going to happen?
Q • • M u *
i
l
© ^
m
1
H H
©
/
7 « ■
1 |t ,5..g o ing .tp .rain,
2 The sh elf......................
3 The c a r ..........................
4 H e ....................................
W hat are you going to do today or tom orrow? W rite three sentences.
1 I'm .....................................................................................................................................................
3

Unit
2 7 will/ shall 1
Sarah goes to w o rk every day. She is always
there from 8.30 until 4.30.
It is 11 o'clock now. Sarah is at w ork.
A t 11 o'clock yesterday, she was at w o rk.
A t 11 o'clock tom orrow, she will be at w ork.
SA RA H
will + in fin it ive (will be / will w in / w ill com e etc.):
be
l/ w e/ you/ they will ('II) win
he/ she/ it will not (won't) eat
com e etc.
will
be?
l/ w e/ you/ they win?
he/ she/ it eat?
com e? etc.
I I = will: 111 (I w ill)/ y o u 'll/ sh e ll etc.
w on't = will not: I won't (= I will no t) / you won't / she w on't etc.
W e use will for t h efu t u r e (t o m o rro w / next week etc.):
O
Sue travels a lot. To day she is in M adrid . To m o rro w she'll be in Rom e. N ext week she'll be
in Tokyo.
O You can call m e this evening. I'll be at hom e.
O Leave the old bread in the garden. The birds w ill eat it.
O W e'll probably go o ut this evening.
O
W ill you be at hom e this evening?
o I won't be here tom orrow. (= I will not be here)
O Don't drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't sleep.
W e often say I think ... w ill...
O I think Kelly will pass the exam .
O I don't think it w ill rain this afternoon.
O Do you think the exam will be difficult?
W e do n o t use w ill for things we have already arranged or d ecided to do (—» Units 25- 26):
O W e're going to the cinem a on Saturday. Do you w ant to co m e w ith us? (n o t W e will go)
O I'm not w orking tom orrow. (n o t I won't w o rk)
O Are you going to do the exam ? (n o t W ill you d o)
shall
You can say I shall (= I w ill) and we shall (= w e w ill):
O I shall be late tom orrow, o r I w ill (I'll) be late tom orro w.
O I t hink we shall win. o r I t hink we will (we'll) win
But d o n o t use shall w ith you/ they/ he/ she/ it:
O Tom w ill be late. (n o t Tom shall be)
64 ( W hat are you doing tom orrow? -» Unit 25 I'm going to ... ^ Unit 26 will/ shall 2 ^ Unit 28

Exercises
Helen is travelling in Europe. Com plete the sentences with she was, she's or she'll be.
1 Yest erd ay..sh e w as.......jn Paris.
2 To m o rro w .......................................in Am sterdam .
3 Last w eek ........................................ in Barcelona.
4 N ext w eek .......................................in London.
5 A t the m o m en t ........................................ in Brussels.
6 Three days ag o .......................................in M unich.
7 A t the end o f her t r ip ........................................very tired.
LONDON
(next week)
PARIS (yesterday)
M UNICH
(3 days ago)
BARCELON A*
(last week)
AM STERDAM
(tomorrow)
• BRUSSELS (now)
| W here w ill yo u be? W rit e sentences ab o ut yo urself. Use:
Helen
I'll b e ... o r I'll p ro b ab ly be ... o r I d o n 't k n o w w h ere I'll b e.
1 (at 10 o'clock to m o rro w ) llLpCQbably.be on t h e .b each ,......................................................................................
2 (o ne ho ur from no w ) .....................................................................................................................................................................
3 (at m idnight tonig ht) .............................................................................................................,.......................................................
4 (at 3 o'clock to m o rro w afternoon) .........................................................................................................................................
5 (t w o years from no w ) .....................................................................................................................................................................
f g ) Put in w ill ('II) o r w o n 't .
1 Don't d rink coffee before you go to bed. Yo u won’t sleep.
2 Are you ready yet?' 'N ot yet. I.....................................be ready in five m inutes.'
3 I'm going away for a few days. I'm leaving tonight, so I be at hom e tom orrow.
4 I t .....................................rain, so you don't need to take an um brella.
5 a : I don't feel very well this evening.
b: Well, go to bed early and y o u ........................................feel better in the m orning.
6 It's Ben's birthday next M ond ay. H e .......................................be 25.
7 I'm sorry I was late this m orning. It happen again.
W rit e sentences w it h I t h i n k ... o r I d o n 't t h i n k . . . .
1 (Kelly will pass the exam ) (t h in k Kelly.w lll.p as...................................................................................................
2 (Kelly w on't pass the exam ) !.d o n’t t h in k Kelly wil| p a ss t h e exam,...........................................................
3 (we'll win the gam e) I ...................................................................................................................................................
4 (I w on't be here t o m o rro w ) ....................................................................................................................................
5 (Sue will like her present) ....................................................................................................................................
6 (t hey w on't get m arried) ....................................................................................................................................
7 (you w on't enjoy the film ) ....................................................................................................................................
W hich is right? (Study Unit 25 before you do this exercise.)
1 W e'll go / We're going to the theatre tonight. W e've got tickets. (W e're going is rig h t )
2 'W hat will you do / are you doing t o m o rro w evening?' 'N othing. I'm free.'
3 They'll go / They're going away t o m o rro w m orning. Their train is at 8.40.
4 I'm sure yo ur aunt will lend / is lending us som e m oney. She's very rich.
5 'W hy are you putting on yo ur coat?' 'I'll go / I'm going out.'
6 Do you think Clare will phone / is p honing us tonight?
7 Steve can't m eet us on Saturday. He'll w o rk / He's w o rking .
8 W ill you / Shall you be at ho m e to m o rro w evening?
9 a : W h at are yo ur plans for the weekend?
b: Som e friends will com e / are com ing to stay w ith us.
65

Unit
28 will/ shall 2
You can use I'll... (I will) when you offer som ething or decide to do som ething:
G 'M y bag is very heavy.' Til carry it for you.'
O Til phone you tom orrow, OK?' 'OK, bye.'
W e often say I think 111... 1 1 don't think 111... w hen we decide to do som ething:
O
O
Q
I'm tired. I think I'll go to bed early tonight.
It's a nice day. I think I'll sit outside.
It's raining. I don't think I'll go out.
Do n o t use the present sim ple (I go / 1phone etc.) in sentences like these:
Q I'll phone you tom orro w, O K? (n o t I pho ne yo u)
O I t hink I'll go to bed early, (n o t I go to bed)
Do n o t use I ' ll... for som ething you decid ed before (- » Units 25- 26):
O I'm w orking tom orrow. (n o t I'll w o rk)
O I don't w ant m y car any m ore. I'm going to sell it. (n o t I'll sell)
O W h at are you doing at the weekend? (n o t W h at will you do)
Shall I ... ? Shall we ... ?
(That's the doorbell. Shall I go? J
— — ^
Shall I / Shall we ... ? = Do you chink this is a good thing to do? Do you t hink this is a good idea?
O It’s very w arm in this room . Shall I open the w ind o w ?
□
o
'Shall I phone you this evening?’ 'Yes, please.’
I’m going to a p arty tonight. W h at shall I wear?
o
o
It's a nice day. Shall we go for a walk?
W here shall we go for o ur holidays this year?
'Let's go o ut this evening.' 'OK, w hat tim e shall we m eet?’
66
What are you doing tomorrow? ■
Let’s -► Units 35,53
Unit 25 I’m going to . ^ Unit 26 will/ shall 1 ^ Unit 27

Exercises
o n Com plete the sentences. Use I'll (I w ill) + these verbs:
carry do eat show sit stay
Com plete the sentences. Use I think I ' ll... or I don’t think I ' ll... + these verbs:
buy buy -go- have play
1 It ’s cold t o d ay ..Idon’t t h in k JILg p ..........................................................................................................................................out.
2 I'm hungry. I .........................................................................................................................................................so m ething to eat.
3 I feel very tired..............................................................................................................................................................................tennis.
4 I like this hat...........................................................................................................................................................................................it.
5 This cam era is too expensive......................................................................................................................................................... it.
W hich is right?
1 I p ho ne / I'll phone you tom orro w , O K? (I'll phone rig h t)
2 I haven't done the shopping yet. I do / I'll do it later.
3 I like sport. I w atch / I'll w atch a lot o f sp o rt on TV.
4 I need som e exercise. I think I go / I'll go for a walk.
5 Carl is going to buy / w ill buy a new car. He told me last week.
6 'This book belongs to Tina.' 'OK. I give / I’ll give / I’m going to give it to her.’
7 a: Are you doing / W ill you do anything this evening?
b: Yes, I'm going / I’ll go o ut w ith som e friends.
8 I can't go o ut w ith you to m o rro w night. I w o rk / I'm w orking / I'll w o rk.
W rite sentences with Shall I .
? Choose from the two boxes.
m ake
t>pen
turn off
turn on
som e sandw iches
the light
the TV
the w indow
It's very w arm in this room .
..ShajJJ opan
SL
This program m e isn't very good.
I'm hungry.
It's dark in this room .
W rite sentences with Shall we ... ? Choose from the two boxes.
Let's go o ut tonight.
Let's have a holiday.
Let's spend som e m oney.
Let's have a party.
Additional exercises 28-31 (pages 264-67)

Unit
2 9 might
W M Uk m
He m ight go to N ew York.
(= it is possible that he will go to N ew Yo rk)
It m ight rain.
(= it is possible that it will rain)
m ight + in fin it ive (m ight go / m ight be / m ight rain etc.):
l/ w e/ you/ they
he/ she/ it
m ight (n o t )
be
go
play
com e etc.
I m ight = it is possible that I will:
O
O
o
o
I m ight go to the cinem a this evening, but I'm not sure. (= it is possible that I will go)
a : W hen is Rebecca going to phone you?
b: I don't know. She m ight phone this afternoon.
Take an um brella w ith you. It m ight rain.
Buy a lottery ticket. You m ight be lucky. (= perhaps you will be lucky)
a: Are you going o ut tonight?
b: I might. (= I m ight go o ut)
Study the difference:
O
O
I'm playing tennis tom orrow, (su re)
I m ight play tennis tom orro w, (p o ssib le)
Rebecca is going to phone later, (su re)
Rebecca m ight phone later, (p o ssib le)
I m ight not = it is possible that I will not:
O
I m ight not go to w o rk tom orrow.
(= it is possible that I will not go)
O Sue m ight not com e to the party.
(= it is possible that she will not co m e)
may
You can use m ay in the sam e way. I m ay = I might:
O I m ay go to the cinem a this evening. (= I m ight go)
O Sue m ay not com e to the party. (= Sue m ight not co m e)
M ay I ... ? = Is it O K to ... ? / Can I ... ?:
O M ay I ask a question? (= is it O K to ask / can I ask?)
O 'M ay I sit here?' 'Yes, o f course.'
68 ( will Units 27- 28 can -► Unit 30

Exercises
W rite sentences with m ight.
1 (it's possible that I'll go to the cinem a)
2 (it's possible that I'll see you t o m o rro w )
3 (it's possible that Sarah will forget to p hone)
4 (it's possible that it will sno w today)
5 (it's possible that I'll be late tonig ht)
Lm iah t .g o .& t h acin am a,.
W rite sentences with m ight not.
6 (it's possible that M ark will not be here next week)
7 (it's possible that I w on't have tim e to go o u t) .........
Som ebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas, but you are not sure. Choose
from the list and write sentences with I might.
fish go away 4taJy^ M onday a new car taxi
You ask Ben questions about his plans for tomorrow. Som etim es he is sure, but usually he is not
sure.
Are you playing tennis tom orrow?
Are you going o ut t o m o rro w evening?
Are you going to get up early?
Are you working tom orrow?
W ill you be at hom e t o m o rro w m orning?
Are you going to w atch TV?
Are you going o ut in the afternoon?
Are you going shopping?
Yes, in the afternoon,
Possibly.
Perhaps.
No, I'm not.
M aybe.
I m ight.
Yes, I am .
Perhaps.
Ben
N ow write about Ben. Use m ight where necessary.
...H.is’s.playing. tennis, tpmprrpw.afternppn,
..H6.mia.ht..gg outtpmprrpweyan ..........
H e,
| vVrite three things that you m ight do tomorrow.
3

Unit
3 0 can and could
I can play
He can play the piano,
can + i n f i n i t i v e (can do / can play / can com e et c):
do
l/ w e/ you/ they can play
he/ she/ it can't (cannot) see
com e etc.
ran Cdl 1
do?
l/ w e/ yo u/ they play?
he/ she/ it see?
com e? etc.
I can do som ething = I k n o w h o w to do it, or it is p o ssib le for m e to do it:
O
I can p lay the piano. M y brother can p lay the piano too.
O Sarah can sp eak Italian, but she can 't sp eak Spanish.
O a: Can you sw im ?
b: Yes, but I'm not a very good swim m er.
O a: Can you chang e t w en ty pounds?
b: I'm sorry, I can 't .
O I'm having a party next week, but Paul and Rachel can 't co m e.
For the past (yesterday / last w eek etc.), we use co u ld / co u ld n 't :
O W hen I was young, I co u ld ru n very fast.
O Before M aria cam e to Britain, she co u ld n 't u n d erst an d m uch English. N o w she can
u n d erst an d everything.
O I was tired last night, but I co u ld n 't sleep.
O I had a p arty last week, but Paul and Rachel co u ld n 't co m e.
Can yo u ... ? Co u ld yo u ... ? Can I ... ? Co u ld I ... ?
W e use Can yo u ... ? or Co u ld yo u ... ? when we ask people to do things:
O Can yo u open the door, please? o r Co u ld yo u open the door, please?
O Can yo u wait a m o m ent, please? o r Co u ld yo u wait... ?
W e use Can I h ave ... ? or Can I g et ... ? to ask for som ething:
O Can I have a glass o f water, please? o r Can I get...?
Can I ? or Co u ld I ... ? = is it O K to do som ething?:
O Can I sit here?
O Tom , co u ld I b o rrow yo ur um brella?
70 ( M ay I ... ?- » Unit 29

Exercises
^ jQ Q |
Ask Steve if he can do these things:
Steve
Can you swim ?
10 kilo m etres
Can you do these things? W rite sentences about yourself. Use I can or I can't
7 1..................................................................................................... 10 ..........................................................
31
Com plete these sentences. Use can or can't + one of these verbs:
com e find hear see speak
1 I'm sorry, but w e ca n t co m e to yo ur party next Saturday.
2 I like this hotel room . Yo u ................................................................the m o untains from the w ind o w .
3 You are speaking very quietly. I ................................................................you.
4 Have you seen m y bag? I ................................................................it.
5 Catherine got the job because sh e ................................................................five languages.
Com plete these sentences. Use can't or couldn't + one of these verbs:
decide eat find go go sleep
1 I was tired, but I Q O u \ d n t e\ eep
2 I wasn't hungry yesterday. I ................................................................................m y dinner.
3 Kate doesn't know w hat to do. Sh e................................................................................
4 I w anted to speak to M ark yesterday, but I ................................................................................him .
5 Jam es..............................................................................to the co ncert next Saturday. He has to w ork.
6 Pau la..............................................................................to the m eeting last week. She was ill.
W hat do you say in these situations? Use can or could.
\ CD (o p en / d o o r)
Cpuldypuopan
. t h e d o o r ,p \ e a e e Z
) (turn o ff/ rad io ) © (use/ p en)

Unit
31 must mustn't don't need to
m ust + in fin it ive (m ust do / m ust w ork etc.):
do
It ’s a fa n t a st ic film.
You m ust see it.
l/ w e/ you/ they
he/ she/ it
m ust
go
see
eat
etc.
.; ............. .... ......... .
I m ust (d o so m ething) = I need to do it:
O
I'm very hungry. I m ust eat som ething.
O
It's a fantastic film . You m ust see it.
O The w ind o w s are very dirty. W e m ust clean them .
For the past (yesterday / last week etc.), w e use had to ... (n o t m ust):
O I was very hungry. I had to eat som ething. (n o t I m ust eat)
O W e had to w alk hom e last night. There were no buses. (n o t W e m ust w alk)
m ustn't (= m ust no t)
I m ustn't (d o so m ething ) = it is necessary n o t to do it,
it is the wrong thing to do:
O I m ust go. I m ustn't be late.
O
I m ustn't forget to phone Chris.
(= I m ust rem em ber to phone her)
O Be happy! You m ustn't be sad. (= don't be sad)
O You m ustn't touch the pictures.
(= don't touch the pictures)
You m u stn ’t tou ch
t h e p ictu res.
don't need to
I don't need (to do so m ething ) = it is not necessary:
O I don't need to go yet. I can stay a little longer.
O You don't need to shout. I can hear you O K.
You can also say don't have to ...
O I don't have to go yet. I can stay a little longer.
Co m p are don't need to and m ustn't:
O You don't need to go. You can stay here if you want.
O You m ustn't go. You m ust stay here.
72 ( I have to ... Unit 33

Exercises
Com plete the sentences. Use m ust + these verbs:
be go learn m eet wash win
1 I'm very hungry. I m u st e a t som ething.
2 M arilyn is a very interesting person. Yo u .................................................... . her.
3 M y hands are dirty. I ................................................................them .
4 Yo u to drive. It will be very useful.
5 I shopping. I need to buy som e food.
6 The gam e to m o rro w is very im p o rtant for us. W e ................................................................
7 You can't always have things im m ediately. Yo u ................................................................patient.
S B W rite I m ust or I had to.
1 1had t o walk hom e last night. There were no buses.
2 It's late.............................................go now.
3 I don't usually w o rk on Saturdays, but last Sat u rd ay.......................................w ork.
4 ........................................get up early tom orrow. I have a lot to do.
5 I cam e here by train. The train was full an d .......................................stand all the way.
6 I was nearly late for m y ap p o intm ent this m o rning .........................................run to get there on tim e.
7 I forgot to phone David yesterday. .........................................phone him later today.
Complete the sentences. Use m ustn't or don't need to + these verbs:
forget ^ o- lose phone rush wait
1 I d o n ’t n e e d t o g o , hom e yet. I can stay a little longer.
2 W e have a lot o f tim e. W e ................................................................................
3 Keep these papers in a safe place. Yo u ................................................................................them .
4 I'm not ready yet, but y o u ..............................................................................for me. You can go no w and I'll
com e later.
5 W e ................................................................................to turn o ff the lights before we leave.
6 I m ust co ntact David, but I ..............................................................................him - I can send him an email.
Find the sentences with the same meaning.
1 W e can leave the m eeting early.
2 W e m ust leave the m eeting early.
3 W e m ustn't leave the m eeting early.
4 W e had to leave the meeting early.
5 W e don't need to leave the m eeting early.
A W e m ust stay until the end.
B W e couldn't stay until the end.
C W e can't stay until the end.
D W e can stay until the end.
E W e don't need to stay until the end.
W rite m ust / m ustn't / had to / don't need to.
1 Yo u d o n ’t n eed t o go. You can stay here if you w ant.
2 It's a fantastic film . Yo u JT.u st ....see it.
3 The restaurant won't be busy tonight. W e ........................................................reserve a table.
4 I was very busy last week. I .......................................................w o rk every evening.
5 I w ant to kno w w hat happened. Yo u ........................................................tell me.
6 I don't w ant Sue to kno w w hat happened. Yo u ........................................................tell her.
7 I ...................................................... go no w or I'll be late for m y ap p o intm ent.
8 'W hy were you so late?' ' I .......................................................wait half an hour for a bus.'
9 W e ........................................................decide now. W e can decide later.
10 It's Lisa's birthd ay next week. I forget to buy her a present.

Unit
32 should
r You shouldn’t watch T V so much, j
should + i n f i n i t i v e
(should do / should w atch etc.):
do
l/ w e/ you/ they should stop
he/ she/ it shouldn't go
w atch etc.
You should do som ething = it is a good thing to do, it is the right thing to do:
Tom doesn't study enough. He should study harder.
It's a good film . You should go and see it.
W hen you play tennis, you should always w atch the ball.
You shouldn't do so m ething = it is not a good thing to do.
Shouldn't = should not:
Tom shouldn't go to bed so late.
You w atch TV all the tim e. You shouldn't w atch TV so m uch.
W e often say I think ... should
I think ... should ...
I think Lisa should buy som e new clothes.
(= I t hink it is a good idea.)
It's late. I think I should go hom e now.
O a : Shall I buy this coat?
b. Yes, I think you should.
(D o you think I should buy t his hat?
I don't think ... should ...
O I don't think you should w ork so hard.
(= I don't t hink it is a good idea.)
I don't think we should go yet. It's too early.
Do you think ... should ... ?:
O Do you think I should buy this hat?
O W h at tim e do you think we should go hom e?
M ust is stronger than should:
It's a good film . You should go and see it.
O It's a fantastic film . You m ust go and see it.
A n o t h er way to say should is ought to:
It’s a good film . You ought to go and see it. (= you should go)
O I t hink Lisa ought to buy som e new clothes. (= Lisa should buy)
( shall ^ Units 27- 2 8 m ust ^ Unit 31

Exercises
Com plete the sentences. Use you should + these verbs:
eat go take visit w atch w ear
1 W hen you play t en n is, yo u sho uld w a t ch the ball.
2 It's late and you're very tired...................................................................................................to bed.
3 ..............................................................................................plenty o f fruit and vegetables.
4 If you have t im e,...........................................................................................the Science M useum .
5 W hen you're d rivin g ,............................................................................................... a seat belt.
6 It's too far to walk from here to the statio n..................................................................................
It's very interesting.
a taxi.
W rite about the people in the pictures. Use He/ She sho u ld n 't ... so . . . .
1 She shouldn’t wat^ h W so much...................... 3 hard
2 H e .................................................................................................... 4..........................................................................................................
You are not sure what to do, so you ask a friend. W rite questions with Do you think I should ... ?
1 You are in a shop. You are trying on a jacket, (buy?)
You ask yo ur friend: P.p.you. t h in k J. sho uld b.uy.thie .................................................................................
2 You can't drive, (learn?)
You ask yo ur friend: Do you t h in k ...............................................................................................................................................
3 You don't like yo ur job. (get another job?)
You ask yo ur friend: ...............................................................................................................................................................................
4 You are going to have a party, (invite Gary?)
You ask yo ur friend: ...............................................................................................................................................................................
W rite sentences with I t h in k ... should ... and I don't t h in k ... should . . . .
1 W e have to get up early tom orrow, (go hom e no w ) !..t.h|nk w e sh o u l d q o h o m e n o w ,.........................
2 That coat is too big for you. (b uy it) i.d o n ’t t h [n k yo u.sho uld .............................................................
3 You don't need yo ur car. (sell i t )...................................................................................................................................................
4 Karen needs a rest, (have a h o lid ay)............................................................................................................................................
5 Sarah and Dan are too young, (get m arried ).........................................................................................................................
6 You're no t well this m orning, (go to w o r k )............................................................................................................................
7 Jam es isn't well today, (go to the d o ct o r)................................................................................................................................
8 Th e hotel is too expensive for us. (stay t h ere)......................................................................................................................
W hat do you think? W rite sentences with should
1 11hink e v e r y b o d y s h o u l d .......................................................................................
2 I think everyb o d y......................................................................................................................................................................................
3 I t h in k ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 I don't t h in k ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 I think I sh o u ld ............................................................................................................................................................................................

Unit
33 I have to
Thi5 is my m edicine. I have
t o t a k e i t t h r ee t im es a day.
I have to do so m ething = it is necessary
for m e to do it, I am obliged to do it
l/ w e/ you/ they have
he/ she/ it
has
to do
to w ork
to go
to w ear etc.
O I'll be late for w o rk tom orrow. I have to go to the dentist.
O Jane starts w o rk at 7 o'clock, so she has to get up at 6.
O You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.
Th e past (yesterday / last week etc.) is had to ...
O I was late for w o rk yesterday. I had to go to the dentist.
O W e had to w alk hom e last night. There were no buses.
In questions and negatives we use do/ does (p resent) and did (p ast): ^
p resen t
do
does
l/ w e/ you/ they
he/ she/ it
have to ... ?
l/ w e/ you/ they
he/ she/ it
don't
doesn't
have to
p a st
did
l/ w e/ yo u/ they
he/ she/ it
have to . . . ?
l/ w e/ you/ they
he/ she/ it
didn't have to ...
O W hat tim e do you have to go to the dentist tom orro w?
O Does jane have to w ork on Sundays?
O W h y did they have to leave the party early?
I don't have to (do so m ething ) = it is not necessary to do it:
O I'm not w orking tom orrow, so I don't have to get up early.
O Ian doesn't have to w ork very hard. He's got an easy job.
O W e didn't have to w ait very long for the bus - it cam e in a few m inutes.
m ust and have to
You can use m ust or have to w hen you say w hat y o u think is necessary, when you give y o u r opinion:
O It's a fantastic film . You m ust see it. o r You have to see it.
W hen you are n o t giving yo ur personal opinion, use have to (n o t m ust). Com pare:
O Jane w on't be at w o rk this afternoon. She has to go to the doctor.
(this is not m y personal opinion - it is a fact)
O Jane isn't well. She doesn't w ant to go to the doctor, but I told her she m ust go.
(this is m y personal o p inio n)
76 ( m ust / mustn't / don't need to Unit 31

Exercises
Com plete the sentences. Use have to or has to + these verbs:
do hit read speak travel w ear
M y eyes are no t very good. I have t o w ear glasses.
A t the end o f the course all the st u d en t s................................................................a test.
Sarah is studying literature. Sh e................................................................a lot o f books.
Alb ert doesn't und erstand m uch English. Yo u very slowly to him .
Kate is often away from hom e. Sh e................................................................a lot in her job.
In tennis y o u ................................................................the ball over the net.
fgg} Com plete the sentences. Use have to or had to + these verbs:
answ er
buy change go w alk
W e had t o w alk hom e last night. There were no buses.
It's late. I ................................................................................now. I'll see you tom orrow.
I w ent to the superm arket after w o rk yesterday. I ..............................................................................som e food.
This train doesn't go all the way to London. Yo u ..............................................................................at Bristol.
W e did an exam yesterday. W e ................................................................................six questions o ut o f ten.
Com plete the questions. Some are present and some are past.
1 I have to get up early tom orrow. W h at tim e do yo u have t o g et up
2 George had to w ait a long tim e. H o w lo n g .........................................................................................................
3 Lisa has to go som ewhere. W h ere................................................................................................................
4 W e had to pay a lot o f m oney. How m u ch ......................................................................................................
5 I haye to do som e w ork. W h at exact ly..................................................................................................
/L
£ 3 ) W rite sentences with don't/ doesn't/ didn't have t Q
W h y are you going out? Yo u d o n’t .have to .g o o ut,..
W h y is Sue waiting? Sh e............................
W h y did you get up early? Yo u .............
W h y is Paul w o rking so hard? H e .........
W h y do you w ant to leave now? W e .
W hich is correct? Som etim es m ust and have to are both correct. Som etim es only one is correct.
€3 31
1 It's a fantastic film . You m ust see / have to see it. ( b oth are co rrect)
2 Jessica won't be at w o rk this afternoon. She must-ge- / has to go to the doctor.
(has to go is co rr ect)
You can't park yo ur car here for nothing. You m ust pay / have to pay.
I didn't have any m o ney with m e last night, so I m ust borrow / had to borrow som e.
I eat too m uch chocolate. I really m ust stop / have to stop.
Paul is in a hurry. He m ust m eet / has to m eet som ebody in five m inutes.
W hat's wrong? You m ust tell / have to tell me. I w ant to help you.
f f i W rite some things that you (or your friends or family) have to do or had to do.
1 (every day) [M y e t o t r a ^ ..........................................................
2 (every day) ..................................................................................................................................................
3 (yesterday) ..................................................................................................................................................
4 (t o m o rro w ) ..................................................................................................................................................
77

Unit
3 4 Would you like ... ? I'd like ...
W ould you like ... ? = Do you want... ?
W e use W ould you like ... ? to offer things:
O A: W ould you like so m e coffee?
b: No, thank you.
O a : W ould you like a chocolate?
b: Yes, please.
O a : W hat w ould you like, tea or coffee?
b: Tea, please.
Wouldyou like
a chocolate?
I
f
ffi'ee, please.^
W e use W ould you like to ... ? to invite som ebody:
O W ould you like to go for a walk?
O a : W ould you like to eat w ith us on Sunday?
b: Yes, I'd love to. (= I w o uld love to eat w ith yo u)
O W h at w ould you like to do this evening?
I'd like ... is a polite way to say 'I want'. I'd like = I w ould like:
O I'm thirsty. I'd like a drink.
O (in a t o u rist office) I'd like som e inform ation about hotels, please.
O I'm feeling tired. I'd like to stay at hom e this evening.
W ould you like ... ? and Do you like ... ?
W ould you like ... ? / Td like ...
Do you like ... ? / 1like ...
Would you
like some tea?
Yes, I do.
Would you
i some now?
No, thank you.
Not now.
W ould you like som e tea? = Do you w ant
som e tea?
O a : W ould you like to go to the cinem a
tonight?
(= do you w an t to go t on ig h t?)
b: Yes, I'd love to.
Do you like tea? = Do you think tea is nice?
O a : Do you like going to the cinem a?
(in gen eral)
b: Yes, I go to the cinem a a lot.
O
I'd like an orange, please.
(= can I have an orange?)
O
M ike oranges, (in gen eral)
O W h at w ould you like to do next
weekend?
O W h at do you like to do at weekends?
78 ( like to do and like -ing Unit 52 I would do som ething i f . Unit 100

Exercises
W hat are the people in the pictures saying? Use W ould you like
. W o ujd yo uJike
a ch o co lat e?
sandwiches
W hat do you say to Sue in these situations? Use W ould you like to ... ?
1 You w ant to go to the cinem a tonight. Perhaps Sue will go w ith you. (go)
You say: Would.yow.like t o .g o t o t h e .cin em a t o n i g h t ?..............................................................................
You w ant to play tennis tom orrow. Perhaps Sue will play too. (play)
You say: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
You have an extra ticket for a co ncert next week. Perhaps Sue will com e, (co m e)
You say: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
It's raining and Sue is going o ut. She doesn't have an um brella, but you have one. (b o rro w )
You say: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
W hich is right?
1 'Do you like / W o uld you like a chocolate?' 'Yes, please.' (W o uld you like is rig h t)
2 'Do you like / W o uld you like bananas?' 'Yes, I love them.'
3 'Do you like / W o uld you like an ice cream ?' 'No, thank you.'
4 'W hat do you like / w o uld you like to drink?' 'A glass o f water, please.'
5 'Do you like / W o uld you like to go o ut for a walk?' 'N o t now. Perhaps later.'
6 I like / I'd like tom atoes, but I don't eat them very often.
7 W h at tim e do you like / w o uld you like to have d inner this evening?
8 'Do you like / W o uld you like som ething to eat?' 'No, thanks. I'm not hungry.'
9 'Do you like / W o uld you like yo ur new job?' 'Yes, I'm enjoying it.'
10 I'm tired. I like / I'd like to go to sleep now.
11 'I like / I'd like a sandwich, please.' 'Sure. W hat kind o f sandwich?'
12 'W hat kind o f m usic do you like / w o uld you like?' 'All kinds.'

Unit
3 5 Do this! Don't do that! Let's do this!
W e use com e/ look/ go/ wait/ be et c when we tell so m ebody to do som ething:
O 'Com e here and look at this!' 'W hat is it?'
O I don't w ant to talk to you. Go away!
O I'm no t ready yet. Please w ait for me.
O Please be quiet. I'm working.
also
O
Bye! Have a good holiday! / Have a nice time! / Have a good flight! / Have fun!
(= I hope you have a good holiday etc.)
'Have a chocolate.' 'Oh, thanks.'
(= w o uld you like a chocolate?)
W e use d o n ' t ... when we tell som ebody not to do som ething:
O Be careful! Don't fall.
O Please don't go. Stay here w ith me.
Be here on tim e. Don't be late.
You can say Let's ... when you w ant people to do things w ith you. Let's = Let us.
O It's a nice day. Let's go out.
(= y o u a n d I can go o ut)
) Co m e on! Let's dance.
( = y o u a n d /can d ance)
Are you ready? Let's go.
Let's have fish for d inner tonight.
C3 a : Shall w e go o ut tonight?
b: N o, I'm tired. Let's stay at hom e.
re you ready? Let’s go.^ |
The negative is Let's not...
It's cold. Let's not go out. Let's stay at hom e.
O Let's not have fish for dinner tonight. Let's have chicken.
80 ( shall we . Unit 28

Exercises
Look at the pictures. W hat are the people saying? Some sentences are positive (buy/ com e etc.)
and some are negative (don't buy / don't com e etc.). Use these verbs:
be buy com e -drink- drop forget have sit sleep sm ile
--- -
Do n't d rin k
the water!
It's too expensive.
m going to
bed now
careful with that
Don't worry. I won't.
Com plete the sentences. Use let's with:
go to a restaurant take a taxi w ait a little w atch TV
Answer with No, d o n 't ... or No, let's n o t .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Unit
36 I used to
d a v e a f e w yea r s ago
d a v e t o d a y
i }
m*r
iiittl
\ g £ /
Dave u sed t o w o r k in a factory. N o w he w o rk s in a superm arket.
he u sed t o w o rk
w
he w orks
p a st
n ow
Dave u sed t o w o rk in a factory = he w orked in a factory before, but he doesn't w o rk there now.
You can say I u sed t o w o r k ... / sh e u sed t o h ave ... / t h e y u sed t o be ... e t c.:
l/ you/ w e/ they
he/ she/ it
u sed t o
be
w o rk
have
p lay etc.
W hen I was a child, I u sed t o lik e chocolate.
I u sed t o read a lot o f books, but I don't read
m uch these days.
Lisa has got sho rt hair now, but it u sed t o be
very long.
They u se d t o live in the sam e street as us, so
we u sed t o see them a lot. But we don't see
them m uch these days.
Helen u sed t o h ave a piano, but she sold it a
few years ago.
I ueed t o have
very long hair.
The negative is I d id n ' t u se t o ...
W hen I was a child, I d id n ' t u se t o like tom atoes.
The question is d id yo u u se t o ... ?:
W here d id you u se t o live before you cam e here?
W e use u sed t o ... only for the past. You canno t say 'I use to ...' for the present:
I u sed t o p lay tennis. These days I p lay golf. (n o t I use to play golf)
W e usually g et up early. (n o t W e use to get up early)
82

Exercises
Look at the pictures. Com plete the sentences with used to ....
This is me a
few years ago.
. She.used to have...
Jong.hair,...............
H e ...........
football.
a taxi driver.
® r We live in London now.^
This is me 2 0 y ea r s ago.
I never wear glasses now.
in the country.
This building
Karen works very hard and has very little free time.
f)
A few years ago, things were different.
Karen a few years ago
Karen now
________________
Do you do any sport? ► Yes, I swim every day and
I play volleyball.
Do you go o ut much?-
Do you play a m usicalinstrum
ent?
Do you like reading?-
Do you travel m uch?-
► Yes, m ost evenings.
► Yes, the guitar.
► Yes, I read a lot.
► Yes, I go away t w o or three
tim es a year.
work very hard in
my job. I don’t have
any free time.
W rite sentences about Karen with used to....
1 Sheused tpswi.m everyday. 4
2 Sh e............................................................................................... 5
Com plete these sentences. Use used to or the present sim ple (I play / he lives etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I ysed t o p jay tennis. I stopped playing a few years ago.
'Do you do any sport?’ 'Yes, I p lay basketball.’
'Do you have a car?' 'No, I ....................................................one, but I sold it.’
Geo rg e................................................................a waiter. N o w he's the m anager o f a hotel.
'Do you go to w o rk by car?'
'Som etim es, but m ost days I .............................................................. by train.'
W hen I w as a child, I n ever................................................................m eat, but I eat it now.
M ary loves w atching TV. Sh e................................................................TV every evening.
8 W e near the airport, but w e m oved to the city centre a few years ago.
9 N o rm ally I start w o rk at 7 o'clock, so I ................................................................up very early.
10 W h at g am es................................y o u ...............................................................w hen you were a child?

Unit
3 7 there is there are
There's a m an on the roof.
,0
A .
There's a train at 10.30.
SUN D AY
M ON DAY
TU ESD A Y
W ED N ESD AY
TH U RSD AY
FRID AY
SATURD AY
There are seven days in a week.
sin g u la r
there is...
is t h e r e ...?
there is not...
p lu ra l
there are ...
are t h e r e ...?
there are not...
(there's)
(there isn’t
o r there's not)
(there aren't)
There’s a big tree in the garden.
There’s nothing on TV tonight.
a : Do you have any m oney?
b: Yes, there's som e in m y bag.
a : Excuse me, is there a hotel near here?
b: Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
W e can’t go skiing. There isn't any snow.
There are som e big trees in the garden.
There are a lot o f accid ents on this road.
a : Are there any restaurants near here?
b: Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
This restaurant is very quiet. There aren't m any
people here.
H o w m any players are there in a football team?
There are 11 players in a football team .
there is and it is
there is
it is
a
&
There's a book on the table.
(n o t It's a b ook on the table.)
I like this book . It’s interesting.
(It = this b o o k)
Com pare:
'What's that noise?' 'It's a train.' (It = that noise)
There's a train at 10.30. It ’s a fast train. (It = the 10.30 tra in )
There's a lot o f salt in this soup.
(ii's soup. Its too salty.
(It = this soup)
( there was / were / has been etc. - » Unit 38 it and there -» Unit 39 some and any -» Unit 76

Exercises
Kentham is a small town. Look at the information in the box and write sentences about Kentham
with There is/ are or There isn't/ aren't.
a castle?
No
any restaurants? Yes (a lot)
a hospital? Yes
a sw im m ing pool? No
any cinem as? Yes (t w o )
a university? No
any big hotels? No
1 T h e n s j e n % a c a e ^ e .........................
2 There are a .jot of restaurants,.
3 .............................................................................
4 .............................................................................
5 .............................................................................
6 ....................................................
7 .............................................................................
W rite sentences about your town (or a town that you know). Use There is/ are or There isn't/
aren't.
1 ......................................................................................................................
2 Theresa.bj.g..park,............................................................................................................................................
3 .......................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................
4 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 ....................................................................
W rite there is / there isn't / is there or there are / there aren't / are there.
1 Kentham isn't an old t o w n There aren 't any old buildings.
2 Look! ................................................a picture o f yo ur brother in the newspaper!
3 'Excuse m e,................................................a bank near here?' 'Yes, at the end o f the street.'
4 ................................................five people in m y fam ily: m y parents, m y t w o sisters and me.
5 'How m any st u d en t s in the class?' 'Twenty.'
6 The road is usually very q uiet.....................................................m uch traffic.
7....'............................................. a bus from the city centre to the airport?' 'Yes, every 20 minutes.'
8....'.............................................any problems?' 'No, everything is OK.'
9..................................................nowhere to sit d o w n.......................................................any chairs.
I B W rite sentences with There are .... Choose from the boxes.
r r\\
jC VC! i tw enty-six letters days Septem ber the solar system
eight thirt y players days the USA a week
fifteen fifty planets states a rugby team the English alphabet
1 Th er e a r e ^ e y e n d a y e \ n a ^
2 .....................................................................
3 ...............................................................................
4 ...............................................................................
5 ...............................................................................
6 .....................................................
W rite there's / is there or it's / is it.
1 ' Th ere’s a train at 10.30.' ' I.sjt a fast train?'
2 I'm not going to buy this shirt....................................................too expensive.
3 'What's wrong?' '..............................................so m ething in m y eye.'
4 ...............................................a red car outside yo ur ho use.............................................
5 '...............................................anything good on TV tonight?' 'Yes,......................
w ant to see at 8.15.'
6 'W hat's that building?' '................................................a school.'
7 '...............................................a restaurant in this hotel?' 'No, I'm afraid not.'
. yours?
a program m e I

there was/ were
38 there will be
there has/ have been
there was / there w ere (p a st )
There is a train every hour.
The tim e no w is 11.15.
There was a train at 11 o'clock.
Com pare:
there is/ are (p resen t ) there was/ were (p a st )
O There is nothing on TV tonight. o There w as nothing on TV last night.
O W e are staying at a very big hotel. o W e stayed at a very big hotel.
There are 550 room s. There were 550 room s.
O Is everything OK? Are there any o W as everything O K yesterday? W ere
problems? there any problem s?
O I'm hungry, but there isn't anything o I was hungry when I got hom e, but
to eat.
there wasn't anything to eat.
J _________
there has been / there have been (p resen t p er fect )
_ _ l
O Look! There's been an accident.
(there's been = there has been)
O This road is very dangerous. There have
been m any accidents.
Co m p are there was (p a st ):
O There was an accid ent last night.
(n o t There has been an accid ent last night.)
For past sim ple and present perfect, see Unit 20.
O Do you think there will be a lot o f people at
the party on Saturday?
O The manager o f the co m p any is leaving, so
there will be a new m anager soon.
O
I'm going away tom orrow. I'll do m y
packing today because there won't be tim e
tom orrow.
(there won't be = there will not be)
was/ were ^ Unit 10 has/ have been Units 15-18 will Unit 27 there is/ are ^ Unit 37
there and it Units 37, 39 some and any ^ Unit 76

Exercises
£ J H Look at the two pictures. N ow the room is empty, but what was in the room last week? Choose
from the box and write sentences with There w a s... or There were . . . .
an arm chair
a carpet
som e flowers
a sofa
som e books
u vlv/ LI\
three pictures
a sm all table
1 Tham w asa.clo ck.................................................................on the wall near the wind o w .
2 ............................................................................................................. on the floor.
3 ..............................................................................................................on the wall near the door.
4 ..............................................................................................................in the m id dle o f the room .
5 ..............................................................................................................on the table.
6 ..............................................................................................................on the shelves.
7 ............................................................................................................. in the corner near the door.
8 ..............................................................................................................opposite the arm chair.
^ 2 9 1 W rite there was / there wasn't / was there or there were / there weren't / were there.
1 I was hungry, b u t t h ere w aen’t anything to eat.
2 W as everything O K yesterday? W ere t h e re any problem s?
3 I opened the envelope, but it was em pty. .............................................................. nothing in it.
4 'W e stayed at a very nice hotel.' 'Really?...............................................................a sw im m ing pool?'
5 'Did you buy any bananas?' 'N o ,................................................................any in the shop.'
6 The w allet was em pty. ................................................................any m o ney in it.
7 '............................................................ m any people at the meeting?' 'No, very few.'
8 W e didn't visit the m useum .....................................................................enough tim e.
9 I'm sorry I'm late...................................................................a lot o f traffic.
10 Tw enty years ag o ..............................................................m any tourists here. N o w there are a lot.
£ 3 1 W rite there + is / are / was / were / has been / have been / will be.
1 There .w as a good film on TV last night.
2 ..............................................................24 hours in a day.
3 ..............................................................a party at the club last Friday, but I didn't go.
4 'W here can I get som ething to eat?' ' a cafe at the end o f the street.'
5 'W hy are the police outside the bank?' '.............................................................. a robbery.'
6 W hen we arrived at the t h eat re, a long queue outside.
7 W hen you arrive t o m o rro w ,..................................... * ....................... som eb o d y at the station to m eet you.
8 Ten years ag o ................................................................500 children at the school. N o w
..............................................................m ore than a thousand.
9 Last w eek I w ent back to the town where I was born. It's very different now.
................................................................a lot o f changes.
10 I t hink everything will be O K. I don't t h in k ................................................................any problem s.

Unit
3 9 ,t
W e use it for tim e/ day/ d istance/ weather:
tim e
W hat tim e is it?
It's half past ten.
It's late.
It's tim e to go hom e.
W h at day is it?
It's Thursday.
It's 16 M arch.
It was m y b irthday yesterday.
distan ce
f o u r house
. 3 kilometres
□
It's three kilom etres from o ur house to the city centre.
H o w far is it from N ew York to Los Angeles?
It's a long way from here to the station.
W e can walk hom e. It isn't far
city centre
W e use far in questions (is it far?) and negatives (it isn’t far).
In positive sentences, we use a long way (it’s a long way).
w ea t h er
it "it / / / "it///// / / / / it
/ 11 / 111111 / 1111 / 1111
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
////////////////////
/111111 / /1 i 11 / /1111 /
111111111 / / 1111 / / / 11
It's raining. It isn't raining. Is it snowing?
It rains a lot here. It didn't rain yesterday. Does it sno w very often?
It's w arm / ho t/ co ld / fine/ cloud y/ w ind y/ sunny/ foggy/ d ark etc.
It's a nice day today.
Co m p are it and there:
It rains a lot in winter.
There is a lot of rain in winter.
O it w as very windy.
There was a strong w ind yesterday.
It’s nice to ... etc.
easy / d ifficult / im possible / dangerous / safe /
expensive / interesting / nice / w ond erful / terrible etc.
to
i
Do
O It's nice to see you again.
O It ’s im possible to understand her.
O It wasn't easy to find your house.
n’t forget it:
O It's raining again.
O Is it true that yo u ’re going away?
Is true that...)
(notIs raining again)
88 ( there is ^ Unit 37
3

Exercises
W rite about the weather in the pictures. Use It's ,
1 It s raining ,.......................................................................... 4
2 ......................................................................................................... 5
3 ......................................................................................................... 6
W rite it is (it's) or is it.
1 W hat t im e is i t ?
2 W e have to go now. very late.
3 ...............................true that Ben can fly a helicopter?
4 'W hat d ay .................................today? Tuesday?'.....'N o ,..................................Wednesday.'
5 ...............................ten kilom etres from the airp ort to the city centre.
6 ...............................O K to call you at yo ur office?
7 'Do you w an t to w alk to the hotel?' 'I don't know. How f a r .................................?'
8 ...............................Lisa's birthday today. She's 27.
9 I don't believe it! .................................im possible.
m W rite questions with H ow f a r ... ?
1 (here / the statio n).........................H o w f a r j5 .it f ro m h e r e t o ..........................................................................................
2 (the hotel / the beach) H o w ...............................................................................................................................................
3 (N ew York / W ashing ton) ...........................................................................................................................................................
4 (yo ur house / the airp o rt) ...........................................................................................................................................................
W rite it or there.
1 The w eather isn't so nice today. i t 's cloudy.
2 Ib .sre was a strong w ind yesterday.
3 .......................'s hot in this room . Op en a w indow.
4 .......................was a nice day yesterday...............................was w arm and sunny.
5 .......................was a storm last night. Did you hear it?
6 I was afraid b ecau se.........................was very dark.
7 .......................'s often cold here, b u t ..........................isn't m uch rain.
8 .......................'s a long w ay from here to the nearest shop.
c m Com plete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
easy dangerous w ork here get up early
it's d ifficult nice to visit different places go out alone
im possible interesting see you again m ake friends
1 If you go to bed lat e, i.T’s d ifficu lt t p .g .at .up. aarly in the m orning.
2 Hello, Jane.................................................................................................................................................... H o w are you?
3 ............................................................................................................................................... TTiere is too m uch noise.
4 Everybody is very nice at w o rk....................................................................................................................................................
5 I like travelling....................................................................................................................................................
6 Som e cities are not safe at night.

m m
She isn't tired, but he is.
(he is = he is tired)
He likes tea, but she doesn't.
(she doesn't = she doesn't like tea)
In these exam ples, it is no t necessary to repeat som e words ('he is tired', 'she doesn't like t ea ’).
You can use these verbs in the sam e way:
.
am / is/ are
was/ were
have/ has
do/ does/ did
can
will
m ight
m ust
O I haven't got a car; but m y sister has. (= m y sister has got a car)
O a: Please help me.
b: I'm sorry. I can't. (= I can't help yo u)
O a: Are yo u tired?
b: I was, but I'm not now. (= I was tired, but I'm not tired no w )
O a: D o you think Laura will com e and see us?
b: She might. (= she m ight co m e)
CD a: Are yo u g o in g n o w ?
b: Yes, I'm afraid I must. (= I m ust go)
W e don't use 'm/ 's/ 've etc. (sh o r t fo r m s) in this way. You m ust use am / is/ have e t c.:
O She isn't tired, but he is. (n o t but he's)
But you can use isn't / haven't / won't etc. (n egative short form s):
O M y sister has got a car, but I haven't.
O Are you and Jane w orking tom orrow?' 'I am , but Jane isn't.'
You can use I am / I'm not etc. after Yes and No:
O 'Are you tired?' 'Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.'
O 'W ill Alan be here tom orrow?' 'Yes, he will. / No, he won't.'
O 'Is there a bus to the airport?' 'Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.'
■
I
W e use do/ does for the p resen t sim p le (—> Units 6- 7 ):
O I don't like ho t weather, but Sue does. (= Sue likes hot w eather)
O Sue w o rks hard, but I don't. (= I don't w o rk hard)
'Do you enjoy yo ur work?'
'Yes, I do.'
W e use did for the p a st sim p le ( —> Unit 12):
O a: Did you and Chris enjoy the film ?
b: I did, but Chris didn't. (= I enjoyed it, but Chris didn't enjoy it)
O 'I had a good time.' 'I did too.' (= I enjoyed it too)
'Did it rain yesterday?'
'No, it didn't.'
90 f have you? / don't you? etc. Unit 41 so am I / neither am I etc. ■ » Unit 42

Exercises
Com plete these sentences. Use only one verb (is/ h ave/ can etc.) each time.
1 Kate wasn't hungry, but w e w ere............................ 4 I haven't seen the film , but Tom
2 I’m not married, but my brother.................... 5 Karen won't be here, but Ch ris....
3 Ben can't help you, but 1................................................... 6 You weren't late, but I ......
CD Com plete these sentences with a negative verb (isn’t/ haven’t/ can’t etc.).
1 M y sister can play the piano, but I ca n ’t 4 M ark has been to China, but I
2 Sam is working today, but 1.......................................... 5 I'm ready to go, but To m ..........
3 I was working , but m y frien d s.................................... 6 I've got a key, but Sarah .............
CD Com plete these sentences with do/ does/ did or don't/ doesn't/ didn't.
1 I don't like hot weather, but Su e d o e s......
2 Sue likes hot weather, but I d.on t ......
3 M y m o ther wears glasses, but m y fat h er.....................................
4 You don't know Paul very well, but I .....................................
5 I didn't enjoy the party, but m y frien d s.....................................
6 I don't w atch TV m uch, but Pet er.....................................
7 Kate lives in London, but her p aren t s.....................................
8 You had breakfast this m orning, but I .....................................
CD Com plete the sentences. W rite about yourself and other people.
1 I d id n 't Q o o u t l a s t n ig h t ,.M t .lTiy.M sn d s.d ld .............................................................................
2 I lik e.......................................................................................,.b u t ...........................................................................
3 I d o n 't ...................................................................................,.b u t ...........................................................................
4 I'm .................................................................................................................................................................................
5 I haven 't .....................................................................................................................................................................
o Put in a verb, positive or negative.
1 Are you tired?' ' I w a s earlier, but I'm not now.'
2 Steve is happy today, but h e ........................................yesterday.
3 The bank isn't open yet, but the sh o p s.........................................
4 I haven't got a telescope, but I know som eb o d y w h o .........................................
5 I w ould like to help you, but I'm afraid I .........................................
6 I don't usually go to w o rk by car, but I ........................................yesterday.
7 a: Have you ever been to the United States?
b: No, but San d ra......................................... She w ent there on holiday last year.
8 'Do you and Chris w atch TV a lot?' ' I ........................................, but Chris doesn't.'
9 I've been invited to Sam's wedding, but Kat e.........................................
10 'Do you think Sarah will pass her driving test?' 'Yes, I'm sure sh e .........................
11 'Are you going o ut tonight?' ' I......................................... I don't kno w for sure.'
Answer these questions about yourself. Use Yes, I h ave. / N o, I'm n o t . etc.
1 Are you Am erican?.........................................NoJ.’m n o t ,...............................................................
2 Have you got a car?
3 Do you feel OK?........................................................................................................................................
4 Is it snowing?...............................................................................................................................................
5 Are you hungry?......................................... ..............................................................................................
6 Do you like classical m usic? ..............................................................................................
7 W ill you be in Paris tom orro w ? ..............................................................................................
8 Have you ever broken yo ur arm ? ..............................................................................................
9 Did you buy anything yesterday? ..............................................................................................
10 W ere you asleep at 3 a.m.?..................................................................................................................

Unit
41 Have you? Are you? Don't you? etc.
I'm w rit in g a b o o k.^
O h ; have you? ) \ ( ^
^ Don'tyou? W h y
You can say have you? / is it? / can't he? etc. to sho w that you are interested or surprised:
O 'You're late.' 'Oh, am I? I'm sorry.'
'I w as ill last week.' 'W ere you? I didn't know that.'
'It's raining again.' 'Is it? It was sunny ten m inutes ago.'
'There's a problem with the car.' 'Is there? W hat's wro ng w ith it?'
O 'Bill can't drive.' 'Can't he? I didn't kno w that.'
O 'I'm not hungry.' 'Aren't you? I am.'
O 'Sue isn't at w o rk today.' 'Isn't she? Is she ill?'
Use do/ does for the p resen t sim ple, and did for the p a st sim p le:
'I speak four languages.' 'Do you? W h ich ones?'
O 'Ben doesn't eat meat.' 'Doesn't he? Does he eat fish?'
O 'N icola got m arried last week.' 'Did she? Really?'
Question tags
You can use have you? / is it? / can't she? etc.
at the end o f a sentence.
Q t ’e a beautiful day, len t it?^
These 'm ini-questions' are q u est io n tags.
p o sitive sentence —> n egative question tag
n egative sentence —> p osit ive question tag
9 2 ( I am / I don't etc. ■ » Unit 40

Exercises
U Q Answer with Do you? / Doesn't she? / Did they? etc.
| Answer with Have you? / Haven't you? / Did she? / Didn't she? etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Com plete these sentences with a question tag (isn't it? / haven't you? etc.).
J5\ /L
a r \
1 It's a beautiful d ay,....jsn t i t ......... ? Yes, it s perfect.
2 These flo wers are n ice,.............................. ? Yes, w hat are they?
3 Jane was at the p art y,.............................. ? Yes, but I didn't speak to her.
4 You've been to Paris,.............................. ? Yes, m any tim es.
5 You speak Germ an ,.............................. ? Yes, but not very well.
6 M artin looks t ired ,.............................. ? Yes, he w orks very hard.
7 ^ You'll help m e,.............................. ?
y
Yes, o f course I will,
v----------------- ------------------ J
| Com plete these sentences with a question tag, positive (is it? / do you? etc.) or negative (isn't it? /
don't you? etc.).

Unit
too/ either
too and either
so am I / neither do I etc.
( j m happy too.^ (7m n o t I
Vm not happy e it h e rj
a
W e use too and either at the end o f a sentence.
We use too after a p o si t i v e verb:
We use either after a n e g a t i v e verb:
O a : I'm happy.
O a : I'm not happy.
b: I'm happy too. b: I'm not happy either
O a : 1enjoyed the film.
O a : 1can't cook.
b: 1enjoyed it too. b: 1can't either
O Jane is a doctor. Her husband is a
doctor too.
O Ben doesn't watch TV. He doesn't
read newspapers either.
so am I / neither do I etc.
)am l
am / is/ are ...
w as/ w ere...
so do/ does
d id ..
have/ has...
neither can ...
will
w ould ...
so am 1= 1am too
so have 1==1have too (etc.):
neither am 1= I'm not either
neither can 1= 1can't either (etc.):
O a : I'm working. o a : 1haven't got a key.
b: So am 1. (= I'm working too) b: N either have 1. (= 1haven't either)
O a : 1was late for w o rk today. o a: Kate can't cook.
b: So was Sam. b: N either can Tom.
O a : 1w ork in a bank. o a : 1w on't (= will no t) be here
b: So do 1. tom orrow.
O a : W e w ent to the cinem a last night. b: N either will 1.
b: Did you? So did we. o a : 1never go to the cinem a.
O a : I'd like to go to Australia. b: N either do 1.
b: So w ould 1.
You can also use N or (= N either):
o a : I'm no t m arried.
b: N or am 1. o r N either am i.
Rem em ber: So am I ( n o t So I am ), N either have I ( n o t N either I have).
94 [ I am / 1don't etc. - » Unit 40
3

Exercises
^ 2 0 1 Answer with So ... I (So am I / So do I / So can I etc.).
Answer with N eit her... I.
9
10
11
__________
I can't go to the party.
I didn't phone Alex last night.
I haven't got any m o ney
I'm not going o ut tom orrow.
I don't know w hat to do.
You are talking to M aria. W rite sentences about yourself. W here possible, use So ...1 or
N eit h er... i. Look at these examples carefully:
tired today. ^
You can answ er: So am I, or \ M Q Q t- .
d on’t w ork h a r d )
You can answ er: N either doj. or I.d o ........
M aria
SL You 95
I'm learning English.
I can ride a bike.
I'm not Am erican.
I like cooking.
I don't like cold weather.
I slept well last night.
I've never run a m arathon,
don't use m y phone m uch.
I'm going o ut to m o rro w evening.
I haven't been to Scotland.
I didn't watch TV last night.
I go to the cinem a a lot.

Unit
4 3 Aisn't, haven't, don't etc. (negatives)
W e use not (n't) in negative sentences:
p osit ive —> n egative
am am not ('m not) O I'm not tired.
is is not (isn't o r 's not) o It isn't (o r It's not) raining.
are are not (aren't o r 're not) o They aren't (o r They're not) here.
was was not (wasn't) o Julian wasn't hungry.
were were not (weren't) o The shops weren't open.
have have not (haven't) o I haven't finished m y w ork.
has has not (hasn't) o Sue hasn't got a car.
will will not (won't) o W e won't be here tom orrow.
can cannot (can't) o George can't drive.
could could not (couldn't) o I couldn't sleep last night.
m ust m ust not (m ustn't) o I m ustn't forget to phone Jane.
should should not (shouldn't) o You shouldn't w o rk so hard.
w ould w ould not (wouldn't) o I w ouldn't like to be an actor.
don't/ doesn't/ didn't
p resen t sim p le n egative l/ w e/ you/ they do not (don't)
he/ she/ it does not (doesn't) work/ live/ go etc.
p a st sim p le n egative l/ they/ he/ she etc. did not (didn't)
p ositive - > n egative
I w ant to go out. - » I don't w ant to go out.
They w ork hard. - » They don't w ork hard.
Lisa plays the guitar. - > Lisa doesn't play the guitar.
M y father likes his job. —> M y father doesn't like his job.
I got up early this m orning. - > I didn't get up early this m orning.
They w orked hard yesterday. - > They didn't w ork hard yesterday.
W e played tennis. —> W e didn't play tennis.
Em ily had dinner w ith us. - > Em ily didn't have d inner w ith us.
Don't
Look! —> Don't look!
W ait for me. —> Don't w ait for me.
Som etim es do is the main verb (don't do / doesn't do / didn't do):
Do som ething! - > Don't do anything!
Sue does a lot at weekends. —> Sue doesn't do m uch at weekends.
I did w hat you said. —> I didn't do w hat you said.
present simple (negative) -fr U n it 6 past simple (negative) ^ U n it 12
don't look / don't wait etc. 4 Unit 35 W hy isn't/ don't ...?-» Unit 44

Exercises
M ake these sentences negative.
1 He's gone away. He ha;5n*t.gone aw ay. 4 It's cold today.
2 They're m arried.................................................................... 5 We'll be late. ...
3 I've had dinner. .................................................................. 6 You should go.
M ake these sentences negative. Use don't/ doesn't/ didn't.
1 She saw m e Sh e d id n’t see m e......................... 4
2 I like cheese............................................................................ 5
3 They und ersto o d ................................................................ 6
He lives here...............
Go away! ....................
I did the shopping.
^ 2 3 1 M ake these sentences negative.
1 She can sw im Sh e can ’t .sw im ........................... 6
2 They've arrived ..................................................................... 7
3 I w ent to the b ank............................................................. 8
4 He speaks Germ an............................................................. 9
5 W e were angry..................................................................... 10
He'll be pleased........
Call m e tonig ht........
It rained yesterday.
I could hear them .
I believe yo u..............
Com plete these sentences with a negative verb (isn't/ haven't/ don't etc.).
. hungry.'
St eve........................................go to the cinem a m uch. He prefers to w atch DVDs at hom e.
W e can w alk to the station from here. It ........................................very far.
'Where's Jane?' ' I.........................................know...I .........................................seen her today.'
Be careful! ........................................fall!
W e w ent to a restaurant last night. I
like the food very m uch.
I've been to Japan m any tim es, but I .........................................been to Korea.
Ju lia.......................................be here tom orro w. She's going away.
'W ho broke that window?' 'N o t me. I ........................................do it.'
W e didn't see w hat happened. W e ........................................ looking at the tim e.
Lisa bought a new coat a few days ago, but sh e........................................w orn it yet.
Yo u .......................................drive so fast. It's dangerous.
You ask Gary some questions. He answers 'Yes' or 'No'. W rite sentences about Gary, positive
or negative.
Gary
You
T v
Are you m arried?
Do you live in London?
W ere you born in London?
Do you like London?
W o uld you like to live in the country?
Can you drive?
Have you got a car?
Do you read newspapers?
Are you interested in politics?
Do you w atch TV m ost evenings?
Did you w atch TV last night?
Did you go o ut last night?
/ k
No. j 1
Yes. 2
No. 3
No. 4
Yes. 5
Yes. 6
No. 7
No. 8
No. 9
Yes. 10
No. 11
Yes.
Y
12
.H e jsn t .m a m e d ,...
He lives in London.

Unit is it ...? have yo u ...?
4 4 a (questions 1)
do they... ? etc.
p o sitive you are
X
qu estion are you
You are eating.
Are you eating?
W h at are you eating?
In questions, the first verb (is/ are/ have et c) is before the subject:
posit ive
su b ject + verb
qu est io n
verb + su b ject
1 am late. - > Am 1late?
Th at seat is free. Is that seat free?
She was angry. W hy was she angry?
David has gone. W here has David gone?
You have got a car. Have you got a car?
They will be here soon. W hen will they be here?
Paula can swim . Can Paula swim ?
Rem em ber: the sub ject is after the first verb.
O W here has David gone? (n o t W here has gone David?)
O Are those people w aiting for som ething? (n o t Are waiting ... ?)
O W hen was the telephone invented? (n o t W hen was invented ... ?)
B do ... ? / does ... ? / did ... ?
p resen t sim p le q u estio n s
do
does
l/ w e/ you/ they
he/ she/ it work/ live/ go e t c .... ?
p a st sim p le q u estio n s did l/ they/ he/ she etc.
p osit ive
q u est io n
They w ork hard.
Do they w ork hard?
You w atch television. H o w often do you w atch television?
Chris w orks hard.
Does Chris w ork hard?
She gets up early. - > W h at tim e does she get up?
They w orked hard.
Did they w ork hard?
You had dinner. —> W hat did you have for dinner?
She got up early.
W h at tim e did she get up?
So m etim es do is the m ain verb (d o you do / did he do et c):
0 W h at do you usually do at weekends?
O a: W h at does yo ur brother do?
b: He w o rks in a bank.
O a: I broke m y finger last week.
b: H o w did you do that? (n o t How did you that?)
W hy isn ' t ... ? / W hy d o n ' t ... ? et c (W hy + n eg a tive):
O Where's John? W hy isn't he here? (n o t W h y he isn't here?)
O W hy can't Paula com e to the m eeting tom orro w ? (n o t W hy Paula can 't ... ?)
O W hy didn't you phone m e last night?
98
present simple questions -fr Unit 7 past simple questions ^ Unit 12 questions 2-3 ^ Units 45-46
what/ which/ how Units 47-48

Exercises
Write questions.
1 I can swim .
2 I w o rk hard.
3 I was late this m orning.
4 I’ve got a key.
5 I'll be here tom orrow.
6 I'm going o ut this evening.
7 I like m y job.
8 I live near here.
9 I enjoyed the film.
10 I had a good holiday.
(and you?)
(and Jack?)
(and you?)
(and Kate?)
(and you?)
(and Paul?)
(and you?)
(and Nicola?)
(and you?)
(and you?)
Can you. sw im ?..................
Do es Ja c k work h ard ?..
You are talking to a friend about driving. Write the full questions.
You
(have / a car?) .Have you..g.ot..a car?...........
(u se / a lot?) ..............................................................it .
(use / yesterday?) .......................................................
(enjo y driving?) ............................................................
(a good driver?) ...........................................................
(ever / have / an accident?) .................................
s l
Yes, I have.
Yes, nearly every day.
Yes, to go to w ork.
N ot very m uch.
I t hink I am.
No, never.
g
f l M ake questions with these words. Put the words in the right order.
1 (has / gone / where / David?) W here.has..David ..g o ne?.......................
2 (w o rking / Rachel / is / today?) Is.Rach el working t o d a y ?...............
3 (the children / w hat / are / doing?) W h at ........................................................
4 (m ad e / is / ho w / cheese?) ........................................................................................
5 (to the party / co m ing / is / yo ur sister?) ..........................................................
6 (you / the truth / tell / don't / why?) ...................................................................
7 (yo ur guests / have / yet / arrived?) ......................................................................
8 (leave / w hat tim e / yo ur train / does?) .............................................................
9 (to w o rk / Em ily / w hy / go / didn't?) ..................................................................
10 (yo ur car / in the accid ent / w as / dam aged?) ...............................................
G
Com plete the questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
99

Who saw you?
4 5 (questions 2)
Who did you see?
, SILVIA
Silvia saw Paul.
W h o saw Paul?
Silvia. (Silvia saw him .)
W ho did Silvia see?
Paul. (She saw Paul.)
PAU L !
Silvia saw Paul
su b ject
So m eb o d y saw Paul.
W ho saw Paul?
o b ject
i
Silvia saw so m eb o d y .
!
W ho did Silvia see?
Silvia. (Silvia saw him .)
w ho is the su b ject
Paul is the o b ject
Paul. (She saw Paul.)
w ho is the o b ject
Silvia is the su b ject
In these questions, w ho/ w hat is the su b ject :
O W ho lives in this house? (= so m eb o d y lives in it - who ?)
(n o t W ho does live?)
O W hat happened? (= so m ething happened - what?)
(n o t W h at did happen?)
O W hat's happening? (W hat's = W h at is)
O W ho's got m y key? (W ho's = W h o has)
In these questions, w ho/ w hat is the o b ject :
O W h o did you m eet yesterday? (= you m et som eb o d y - who?)
O W h at did Paul say? (= Paul said so m ething - what?)
O W ho are you phoning?
O W h at was Silvia wearing?
Com pare:
O George likes oranges.
O Jane w o n a new car.
W ho likes oranges? - George.
W hat does George like? - Oranges.
W ho won a new car? - Jane.
W hat did Jane win? - A new car.
Use w ho for people (so m eb o d y). Use w hat for things, ideas etc. (so m ething ):
O W ho is yo ur favourite singer?
W hat is yo ur favourite song?
100 ( questions -> Units 44,46 what/ which/ how -> Unit 47

Exercises
M ake questions with w ho or w hat. In these questions, w ho/ w hat is the subject.
M ake questions with w ho or w hat (subject or object).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
You want the missing information (XXXXX). W rite questions with w ho or what.
V s____________________________________. / £ .
I lost XXXXX yesterday, but fortunately
XXXXX found it and gave it back to me.
..What djd you Jose?..
Who found it?
XXXXX pho ned me last night. She w anted
XXXXX.
W h o ...
W h at .
I needed so m e advice, so I asked XXXXX.
He said XXXXX.
I hear that XXXXX got m arried last week.
XXXXX told me.
I m et XXXXX on m y way hom e this
evening. She told me XXXXX.
Steve and I played tennis yesterday.
XXXXX w on. After the gam e w e XXXXX.
It was m y birthday last w eek and I had
som e presents. XXXXX gave m e a book
and Catherine gave m e XXXXX.
101

Unit Who is she talking to? What is it like?
4 6 a (questions 3)
Jessica is talking to som ebody.
W ho is she talking to?
In questions beginning W ho ...II W h a t ... ? / W here ... ? / W hich ... ?, prepositions (to/ from / with
etc.) usually go at the end:
O 'W here are you from?' 'I'm from Thailand.'
O 'Jack was afraid.' 'W hat was he afraid of?'
O 'W ho do these books belong to?' 'They're mine.'
O 'Tom's father is in hospital.' 'W hich hospital is he in?'
O 'Kate is going on holiday.' 'W ho with?' / 'W ho is she going with?'
O 'Can we talk?' 'Sure. W hat do you w an t to talk about?'
W hat's it like? / W hat are they like? etc.
W hat's it like? = W hat is it like?
W hat's it like? = tell me som ething
ab o ut it - is it good or b ad big or
sm all old or new (etc.)?
very big. ^
W hen we say 'W hat is it like?' like is a p reposit io n . It is not the verb like ('Do you like yo ur new
house?' etc.).
O a: There's a new restaurant in our street.
b: W hat's it like? Is it good?
a :
I don't know. I haven't eaten there yet.
o a : W hat's yo ur new teacher like?
b: She's very good. W e learn a lot.
O a : I m et Nicola's parents yesterday.
b: Did you? W hat are they like?
a : They're very nice.
O a : Did you have a good holiday? W hat was the w eather like?
b: It was lovely. It was sunny every day.
( questions 1- 2 Units 44-45 what/ which/ how Unit 47 prepositions 4 Units 103-113

Exercises
You want the missing information (XXXXX). W rite questions with w ho or what.
1 ( T^ e leccer is from X X X X X .)....( ....W h o jst h e le f f ie r f r o m ?...................................................................^
2 ( I'm looking for a X X X X X .) ( w h a t ......................... y o u ..........................................................................I)
3 f l w ent co che cinem a wich X X X X X .) f ................................................................................................)
4 ( The fi I m w as ab o ut X X X X X .) ( ..............................................................................................I)
5 ( I gave the m oney to X X X X X .) ( ..............................................................................................
6 f The book was w ritten by XXXXX.~ ) (*............................................................................................... J l
1 ^ 3 1 W rite questions about the people in the pictures. Use these verbs + a preposition:
go listen look t alk talk w ait
It was
vary good
1 W h o js.sh eM lk ln a.t o ? 4 W h at ............
2 W h at ...................t h e y ............................................................ 5 W h at .............
3 W hich rest au ran t ................................................................ 6 W hich b us.
W rite questions beginning W hich ... ?
^ 2 2 0 1 Y ° u want some information about another country. You ask som ebody who has been there. Ask
questions with W hat is/ are ... like?
1 (the roads) ............................................................................................................................
2 (t he fo od) ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
3 (the people) ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
4 (the w eather) ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
Ask questions with W hat was/ w ere ... like?
1 Yo ur friend has just com e back from holiday. Ask ab o ut the weather.
What was tha.waathar.lika?............................
2 Yo ur friend has just com e back from the cinem a. Ask ab o ut the film.
3 Yo ur friend has just finished an English course. Ask ab o ut the lessons.
4 Yo ur friend has just com e back from holiday. Ask ab o ut the hotel.
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 103

Unit What...? Which...? How...?
4 7 (questions 4)
W hat +
n o u n (W hat colour ... ? / W hat kind ... ? etc.)
W hat colour is yo ur car?
W hat colour are yo ur eyes?
W hat size is this shirt?
O W hat m ake is yo ur TV?
W hat tim e is it?
O W hat day is it today?
W hat kind o f jo b do you want?
(orWhat type o f jo b ... ? / W hat sort o f jo b ... ?)
W hat w it ho u t a noun:
W hat's yo ur favourite colour?
W hat do you w ant to do tonight?
W hich + n o u n (thing s or people):
W hich train did you catch - the 9.50 or the 10.30?
W hich doctor did you see - Do ct o r Ellis, Do ct o r Gray or Do ct o r Hill?
W e use w hich w it ho u t a noun for things, not people:
W hich is bigger - Canad a or Australia?
W e use w ho for people (w it h o u t a no un):
W ho is taller - Joe or Gary? (n o t W hich is taller?)
W hat or w hich?
W e use w hich when we are thinking ab o ut a small num b er o f possibilities (perhaps 2, 3 or 4):
O W e can go this way or that way.
W hich way shall we go?
There are four um brellas here.
W hich is yours?
W hat is m ore general:
Com pare:
W hat's the capital o f Argentina? (o f all the cities in Argentina)
W hat sort o f m usic do you like? (o f all kinds o f m usic)
W hat colour are his eyes? (n o t W hich colour?)
W hich colour do you prefer, pink or yellow?
O W hat is the longest river in the world?
? or 7 or 7 or 7
• • • •
W H ICH ?
W hich is the longest river - the M ississippi, the Am azon or the Nile?
H o w ... ?
O 'How was the party last night?' 'It was great.'
O 'How do you usually go to work?' 'By bus.'
You can use how + a d ject ive/ a d verb (how tall / how old / how often etc.):
How
tall are you?' 'I'm 1 m etre 70.'
big is the house?' 'N o t very big.'
old is yo ur m other?' 'She's 45.'
far is it from here to the airport?' 'Five kilom etres.'
often do you use yo ur car?' 'Every day.'
long have they been married?' 'Ten years.'
m uch was the meal?' 'Thirty pounds.'
104 ( questions 4 Units 44- 46 How long does it take? ->• Unit 48 which one(s) Unit 75
3

Exercises
W rite questions with what.
\ N___________
1 r a
I've got a new TV. (m ake?)
2 1w ant a job. (kind?)
3 1bought a new sweater. (colour?)
4 1got up early this m orning. (tim e?)
5 1like m usic. (type?)
6 1w ant to buy a car. Jk in d ?)
V 7 J
Com plete the questions. Use W hich ... ?
C B 9 W rite w hat/ w hich/ w ho.
1 W h at .....is that man's name?
2 Which.....way shall we go? Left or right?
3 You can have tea or coffee............................
do you prefer?
4 '.......................day is it today?' 'Friday.'
5 This is a nice office.............................desk is yours?
7 .......................is m ore expensive, m eat or fish?
8 .......................is older, Liz or Steve?
9 .......................kind o f cam era have you got?
10 a : I have three cam eras.
b: .........................cam era do you use most?
11 .......................natio nality are you?
6 .......................is yo ur favourite sport?
G9 Com plete the questions with H ow + adjective or adverb (high/ long etc.).
C O W rite questions with H o w ... ?
1 Are you 1 m etre 70? 1.75? 1.80?
2 Is this box one kilogram ? Two? Three?
How t ail are yo u ?
.......................
3 Are you 20 years old? 22? 25?......................... .......................
4 Did yo u spend £20? £30? £50? .......................
5 Do yo u w atch TV every day? O n ce a week? Never?
6 Is it 1000 miles from Paris to M o sco w ? 1500? 2000?
105

Unit
4 8 How long does it take ... ?
How long does it take from . . . to
Ho w long does it take by plane from N ew Yo rk to
New 'I'W
W ashington?
/ k It takes an hour.
" , > ?
€ o
*
O
O
O
H o w long does it take by train from London to M anchester?
It takes tw o hours by train from London to M anchester.
H o w long does it take by car from yo ur house to the station?
It takes ten m inutes by car from m y house to the station.
H ow long does it take to do som ething?
does
How long did it take to ... ?
will
takes
took
will take
doesn't
didn't take
won't
a week
a long tim e
three hours
long
to
H o w long does it take to cross the Atlantic by ship?
'I cam e by train.' 'Did you? H o w long did it take (to get here)?'
How long will it take to get from here to the hotel?
It takes a long tim e to learn a language.
It doesn't take long to cook an om elette.
It w on't take long to fix the com puter.
H ow long does it take you to do som ething?
does
you
H o w long did it take Tom t o ... ?
will
them
takes m e a week
It took Tom a lo n g tim e t o ...
w ill take them three hours
I started reading the book on M onday.
I finished it on W ed nesday evening.
It took me three days to read it.
106
H o w long will it take me to learn to drive?
It takes Tom 20 m inutes to get to w o rk in the m orning.
It took us an ho ur to do the shopping.
Did it take you a long tim e to find a job?
It will take me an hour to cook dinner.

Exercises
Look at the pictures and write questions with H ow lo n g ... ?
Rome
FRANCE
SW ITZERLA N D
CITY
CEN TRE
v
i
1 Howjon0dpe5.it. fake by.plane fro
AIRPORT
3 ............................................................................................................................................
4 ............................................................................................................................................
How long does it take to do these things? W rite full sentences.
1 fly from yo ur city/ co untry to London
It t pkpst w p.hpurot p.flyfm ................
2 fly from yo ur city/ co u ntry to N ew York
3 study to be a d o ct o r in yo ur co untry
4 w alk from yo ur hom e to the nearest shop
5 get from yo ur hom e to the nearest airp ort
W rite questions with How long did it take ... ?
1 (Jane fo und a jo b.) H.pw.|pn0 d .id .it .t a .......................
2 (I walked to the station.) .....................................................................y o u ....................................
3 (To m painted the b athroom .) ...................................................................................................................
4 (I learnt to ski.) ...................................................................................................................
5 (They repaired the car.).......................................................................................................................................
Read the situations and write sentences with It t o o k . . . .
1 I read a book last week. I started reading it on M onday. I finished it three days later.
It t p p k m p .t h rp p .d ay st p ...........................................................................................
2 W e walked hom e last night. W e left at 10 o'clock and we arrived ho m e at 10.20.
3 I learnt to drive last year. I had m y first driving lesson in January. I passed m y driving test six
m o nths later.
4 M ark drove to London yesterday. He left hom e at 7 o'clock and got to London at 10.
5 Lisa began looking for a job a long tim e ago. She got a jo b last week.
6 W rit e a sen t en ce a b o u t you rself.

Unit Do you know where ... ?
I don't know w hat... etc
w m
Do you know
where Paula \e
W e say: W here is Paula?
b u t Do you know where Paula is ?
(n o t Do you know where is Paula?)
In the sam e way we say:
I know
I don't kno w where Paula is.
Can you tell me
Com pare:
W ho are those people?
H o w old is N icola?
W h at tim e is it?
W here can I go?
H o w m uch is this cam era?
W hen are you going away?
W here have they gone?
W hat was Kate wearing?
b u t
Do you know
Can you tell me
I know
I don't know
I don't rem em ber
w ho those people are
ho w old N icola is
w hat tim e it is
where I can go
ho w m uch this cam era is
when you're going away
where they have gone
w hat Kate was wearing
Questio ns with do/ does/ did (p resen t sim p le and p a st sim p le)
W here does h e l i v e ?
I
b u t D o y o u know where he lives ? (n o t Do you kno w where does he live?)
Com pare:
Ho w do airplanes fly?
W hat does Jane want?
W h y did she go hom e?
W here did I put the key?
b u t
Do you know
I don't know
I don't rem em ber
I know
ho w airplanes fly
w hat Jane w ants
w hy she w ent hom e
w here I put the key
Questio ns beginning Is . . . ? / Do .
* / Can ... ? etc. (yes/ no questions)
Com pare:
Is Jack at hom e?
Have they got a car?
Can Ben swim ?
Do they live near here?
Did anybody see you?
b u t
Do you know
I don't know
if
o r
w hether
Jack is at hom e
they've got a car
Ben can swim
they live near here
anybody saw you
?
You can use if o r w hether in these sentences:
O Do you know if they've got a car? o r
Do you know w hether they've got a car?
O I don't know if anyb ody saw me. o r
I don't know w hether anybody saw me.
108

Exercises
( 2 1 Com plete the sentences.
1 (H o w do airplanes fly?)
2 (W here does Susan work?)
3 (W hat did Peter say?)
4 (W h y did he go hom e early?)
5 (W h at tim e does the m eeting begin?)
6 (H o w did the accident happen?)
Do you k n o w hp w airp laneo .fly...
I don't k n o w ...............................................
Do you rem em b er...................................
I don't k n o w ...............................................
Do you k n o w ..............................................
I don't rem em b er.....................................
W hich is right?
1 Do you know w hat tim e 4s4t-/ it is? (D o you kno w w hat tim e it is? is rig h t)
2 W hy are you / you are going away?
3 I don't kno w where are they / they are going.
4 Can you tell me where is the m useum / the m useum is?
5 W here do you w ant / you w ant to go for yo ur holidays?
6 Do you kno w w hat do elephants eat / elephants eat?
7 I don't kno w how far is it / it is from the hotel to the station.
^ 2 2 1 W rite questions with Do you know i f .
1 (Have they got a car?)
2 (Are they m arried?)
3 (Do es Sue know Bill?)
4 (W ill Gary be here tom o rro w ?)
5 (Did he pass his exam ?)
Do you know.if ^ ayya.g p t.a.car?.
Do you k n o w ...................................................
I W rite questions beginning Do you k n o w ..
1 (W h at does Laura want?)
2 (W here is Paula?)
3 (Is she working today?)
4 (W h at tim e does she start work?)
5 (Are the shops open tom orro w ?)
6 (W here do Sarah and Jack live?)
7 (Did they go to Jane's party?)
..Poyouknw
D o .
^ j| Q | Use your own ideas to com plete these sentences.
1 Do you know w h y t.b.a. b us w a sj a t e .
2 Do you know w hat t im e ................................
3 Excuse m e; can you tell m e w h ere...........
4 I don't kno w w h at ..............................................
5 Do you kno w if ....................................................
6 Do you kno w how m u ch ..............................

Unit
5 0 She said t h at ... He told me t h at .,
Last week you went to a party. A lot of your friends Today you m eet Paul. You tell him ab o ut the
were there. Here are some things they said to you: party. You tell Paul w hat yo ur friends said:
CLA RE
m enjoying my new j o b j
O Clare said that she was enjoying
am |
her new job.
is J —> was O She said that her father wasn't
father isn't w elQ
well.
SA RA H
I We're going to
^ ' buy a house.
are —> were
O Sarah and Ben said that they
were going to buy a house.
BEN
I have to leave early. ^
My sister has
gone to Australia.
have 1
has !
• had
O Peter said that he had to leave
ear|y-
O He said that his sister had gone
to Australia.
KA TE
f I can't find a job^ J
can could O ^ ate sa^ t ^iat s^ e couldn't find
a job.
STEVE
*
phone yo u.}
will —> would
O Steve said that he would phone
me.
RA CH EL
*
J I don't like my job. )
f son doesn't
like school.
did
O Rachel said that she didn't like
her job.
O She said that her son didn't like
school.
M ,K E ( You look tired ")
I feel fine.
YO U
look —> looked
feel —> felt
etc. etc.
(p resen t ) (p a st )
O M ike said that I looked tired.
O I said that I felt fine.
say ( —> said)
O He said that he was tired.
tell (-> told)
O He told me that he was tired.
(n o t He said m e) (n o t He told t hat)
O W hat did she say to you?
O W h at did she tell you?
(n o t say yo u) (n o t tell to yo u)
W e say he said to me, I said to Ann etc.
W e say he told me, I told Ann etc.
(n o t 'he said me' 'I said Ann'). (n o t 'he told to me', 'I told to Ann').
You can say:
O He said that he was tired, o r He said he was tired, (w it h o u t t hat)
O
Kate told me that she could n't find a job. o r Kate told m e she couldn't find a job.
110 ( I told you to ... ^ Unit S3

Exercises
6 D Read what these people say and write sentences with H e/ She/ They said ( t h a t ) . . . .
| ^ J' v e lost my watch?^
...He said
ve>7 b usy.}
^ f \ can't go to the party.^
< * 1
J S
^ ,/ j've just come back from holiday.^
if \ have to go o u t ^
g °'ng tQ buV a guitar.^
^ Jj'nn learning Russian.^
10
^ ^ / ^ We haven't got a k e y )
g g | y se t he pictures to com plete the sentences.
1 I m et Clare last week. She said sh e w as.en jo ying .her n ew jp b .
2 Em m a didn't w ant anything to eat. She said ...........................................
3 I w anted to borrow M ike's ladder, but he said ........................................
4 Hannah was invited to the party, but she said ........................................
5 Susan told m e she didn't w ant the picture. She said .........................
6 M artin has just gone away on holiday. He said .....................................
7 I was looking for Robert. N icola said ............................................................
8 'W hy did David stay at hom e?' 'He said ..................................................
9 'Has M ary gone out?' 'I t hink so. She said .............................................
C T i W rite say/ said or tell/ told.
1 H e said. he was tired.
2 W h at did she you?
3 A n n a she didn't like Peter.
4 Jack m e that you were ill.
5 Please d o n 't Dan w hat happened.
6 Did Lu cy she w o uld be late?
7 The w o m an she was a reporter.
8 The w o m an us she was a reporter.
9 They asked m e a lot o f questions, but I
d id n 't ...............them anything.
10 They asked me a lot o f questions, but I
d id n 't ...............anything.

Unit
51 work/ working go/ going do/ doing
work/ go/ be ecc. (in fin it ive)
w ill/ can/ m ust etc. + in fin itive:
O Anna w ill be here soon.
O Shall I open the w ind o w ?
O I m ight phone you later.
O M ay I sit here?
O I can't m eet you tom orro w.
□ Could you pass the salt, p lease?.
O It's late. I m ust go now.
O You shouldn't w ork so hard.
O W ould you like som e coffee?
Units 27- 28
—> Unit 29
Unit 30
- » Unit 31
—>Unit 32
—» Unit 34
do/ does/ did + in fin itive:
do/ does o
(p r esen t sim p le)
O
O
o
Do you work?
They don't w ork very hard.
Helen doesn’t know m any people.
H o w m uch does it cost?
Units 6 - 7
did
(p a st sim p le)
O W hat tim e did the train leave?
O W e d idn’t sleep well.
Unit 12
to w ork / to go / to be etc. (to + in fin it ive)
(I'm ) going t o ... o I'm going to play tennis tom orro w. - 4 Unit 26
o W hat are you going to do?
(I) have to ... □ I have to go now. - > Unit 33
o Everyb ody has to eat.
(I) w ant to ... o Do you w ant to go out? - » Unit 52
o They don't w ant to com e w ith us.
(I) w ould like to ... □ I'd like to talk to you. —> Unit 34
o W ould you like to go out?
(I) used t o ... o Dave used to w ork in a factory. —¥ Unit 36
working/ going/ playing etc.
am / is/ are + -ing O Please be quiet. I'm working. —> Units 3 - 4 ,8,2 5
(p resen t co n t in u o u s) O Tom isn’t w orking today.
O W hat tim e are you going out?
was/ were + -ing O It w as raining, so w e didn't go out. - > Units 13- 14
(p a st co n t in u o u s) O W hat were you doing at 11.30 yesterday?
f verb s 7 t o ~ a n d - i n g ( I w a n t t o d o / 1 e n jo y d o i n g ) -» U n i t 5 2 g o a n d - i n g -» U n i t 55

Exercises
Co m p let e the sentences. W r it e :... p h o n e Pau l o r ... t o p h o n e Pau l.
1 I'll phone Paul..................................................................... 6 Do you h ave
2 I'm g o in g t o .p h o n ePau l.............................................. 7 You sh o u ld ........
3 Can y o u Paul? 8 I w an t .....................
4 Shall I ..........................................................................................? 9 I m ig h t ...................
5 I'd lik e.......................................................................................... 10 You m u st ............
Com plete the sentences with a verb from the box. Som etim es you need the infinitive (work/ go
etc.) and sometim es you need -mg (working/ going etc.).
d o / d o in g g et / g et t in g sle e p / sle e p ing w a t ch / w a t ch in g
e a t / e a t in g g o / g o in g st a y / st a y in g w e a r/ w e a rin g
f ly/ f lyin g list e n / list e n in g w a it / w a it in g w o rk / w o rk in g
1 Please be quiet. I'm working......
2 I feel tired today. I d id n 't slo o p very well last night.
3 W hat tim e do you u su ally.........................................up in the m orning?
4 'W here are y o u ?' 'To the office.'
5 Did y o u .......................................TV last night?
6 Look at that plane! It 's........................................very low.
7 You can turn o ff the radio. I'm n o t ........................................to it.
8 They d id n 't .......................................anything because they weren't hungry.
9 M y friends w ere for m e w hen I arrived.
10 'Does Susan alw ays.......................................glasses?' 'No, only for reading.'
11 'W hat are y o u ........................................ tonight?' 'I'm ..........................................at home.'
g
f i Put the verb in the correct form. Choose from:
the infinitive (work/ go etc.) or
t o ... (to w ork / to go etc.) or
-ing (working/ going etc.)
1 Shall I o p en ............................. the w ind o w ? (o p en)
2 It's late. I h ave.........................%Q.QQ. now. (go)
3 Am and a isn 't ...................................w o rking this week. She's on holiday, (w o rk)
4 I'm tired. I don't w an t ........................................out. (go)
5 It m ig h t ........................................................., so take an um brella w ith you. (rain)
6 W h at tim e do you h ave to m o rro w m orning? (leave)
7 I'm sorry I can 't ........................................you. (help )
8 M y brother is a student. H e's........................................physics, (stud y)
9 W o uld you lik e........................................on a trip ro und the world? (go)
10 W hen you saw M aria, w hat was sh e.........................................? (w ear)
11 W hen you go to London, where are you g o in g ? (stay)
12 I'm hungry. I m u st ........................................som ething to eat. (have)
13 'Where's Gary?' 'H e's a bath.' (have)
14 I u sed ..................................................................a car, but I sold it last year, (have)
15 He spoke very quietly. I co u ld n 't ....................................... him . (hear)
16 You don't look well. I don't t hink you sh o u ld ........................................to w o rk today, (go)
17 I don't kno w w hat he said. I w asn 't ........................................to him . (listen)
18 I missed the bus and h ad hom e, (w alk)
19 I w an t .............................................w hat happened, (kn o w ) You m u st .........................me. (tell)
20 M ay I ........................................this book? (b o rro w )

Unit
5 2 to ... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)
verbs + to . . . (I want to do)
want plan decide try
hope expect offer forget
need promise refuse learn
+ to ... (to do / to work / to be etc.)
O W h at do you want to do this evening?
O It s not very late. W e don't need to go hom e yet.
O Tina has decided to sell her car.
O You forgot to switch o ff the light when you w ent out.
O M y brother is learning to drive.
O
I tried to read m y book, but I was too tired.
verbs + -ing (I enjoy doing)
enjoy
mind
stop
finish
suggest + -ing (doing / working / being et c)
I enjoy dancing. ( n o t enjoy to dance)
I don't mind getting up early.
Has it stopped raining?
Sonia suggested going to the cinem a.
^1 enjoy dan cin g
■ H verbs + -ing o r to ...
like
prefer
love start
hate begin
continue
+ -ing (doing et c) o r to ... (to do etc.)
Do you like getting up early? o r Do you like to get up early?
I prefer travelling by car. o r I prefer to travel by car.
Anna loves dancing, o r Anna loves to dance.
I hate being late, o r I hate to be late.
It started raining, o r It started to rain.
would like to ... etc.
would like
would prefer
would love
would hate
+ to ... (to do / to work / to be etc.)
Am y would like to meet you.
I'd love to go to Australia. (I'd = I would)
'Would you like to sit down?' 'No, I'd prefer to stand, thank you.'
I like this ap artm ent. I wouldn't like to move.
I live in a sm all village. I'd hate to live in a big city.
114 ( would like -» Unit 34 I want you to ... ■ » Unit 53 go + -ing ^ Unit 55 preposition + -ing ■ » Unit 11J"*)

Exercises
Put the verb in the right form, to ... or -ing.
I en jo y....d a n cin g ....... (d ance)
8 The w eather was nice, so I suggested
W h at do you w an t ....To d o .....
...............................for a w alk by the river, (go)
tonight? (d o ) 9 Where's Ben? He p ro m ised ...............................
Bye! I h o p e...............................you again
here on tim e, (be)
soon, (see) 10 I'm not in a hurry. I don't m ind
I learn t ...............................when I was
................................. (w ait)
five years old. (sw im ) 11 W h at have you d ecid ed ...............................? (d o )
Have you fin ish ed ...............................the 12 Dan was angry and refu sed ...............................
kitchen? (clean)
to me. (speak)
Where's Anna? I n eed ............................... 13 I'm tired. I w an t ...............................to bed. (go)
her so m ething , (ask) 14 I was very upset and st art ed ................................. (cry)
Do you en jo y...............................o ther 15 I'm t ryin g ................................. (w o rk) Please
countries? (visit)
st o p ................................. (talk)
Com plete the sentences using to ... or ■ ing. Use these verbs:
go help lose rain
read see send w ait w atch
1 'Have you ever been to Australia?' 'No, but I'd lo ve t o .g o .....
2 Am y had a lot to do, so I o ffered .......................................her.
3 I'm surprised that you're here. I didn't exp ect ........................................you.
4 Kate has a lot o f books. She en jo ys.........................................
5 This ring was m y grandm other's. Id hate.........................................it.
6 Don't fo rg et us a postcard w hen you're on holiday.
7 I'm not going o ut until it st o p s.........................................
8 W h at shall we do this afternoon? W o uld you lik e........................................to the beach?
*
/
9 W hen I'm tired in the evenings, I lik e........................................TV.
10 'Shall we go now?' 'No, Id p refer........................................a few m inutes.'
£ £ ) Com plete the answers to the questions.
Do you usually get up early? Yes, I lik e t o g e t .u p .early................................................................
Do you ever go to m useum s? Yes, I en jo y...................................................................................................
W o uld you like to go to a No, I'm hungry. I'd p refer....................................................................
m useum now? to a restaurant.
Do you drive a lot? No, I don't lik e...........................................................................................
Have you ever been to N ew York? No, but I'd lo ve........................................................................one day.
Do you often travel by train? Yes, I en jo y...................................................................................................
Shall we w alk hom e or take a taxi? I don't m in d ........................................................................., but a taxi
w o uld be quicker.
7
Com plete these sentences. W rite about yourself. Use to ... o r -ing.
I en jo y....................................................................................................................
I don't lik e............................................................................................................
If it's a nice day tom orrow, I'd lik e.........................................................
W hen I'm on holiday, I lik e.......................................................................
I don't m in d ..........................................................................................., b u t .
I would n't lik e....................................................................................................
-► Additional exercise 32 (page 268) 115

Unit
5 3 I want you to ... I told you to
I w ant you to ...
The w om an w ants to go.
The man doesn't w ant the w om an to go.
He w ants her to stay.
W e say:
you
I w ant som ebody to do som ething
Sarah
I w ant you to be happy. ( n o t I w ant that you are happy)
They didn't w ant anybody to know their secret.
Do you w ant m e to lend you som e m oney?
W e use w ould like in the sam e way:
W ould you like me to lend you som e m oney?
W e also use this structure with:
verb + som ebody + to ...
ask Sue asked a friend to lend her som e m oney.
tell I told you to be careful.
advise W h at do you advise me to do?
expect I didn't expect them to be here.
persuade W e persuaded Gary to com e w ith us.
teach I am teaching m y brother to swim.
I told you to ... / 1told you not to ...
(Po n ’t wait fo r me.^
JA N E
M E
PAUL
SUE
—> Jane told m e to w ait for her.
■»Paul told Sue not to w ait for him .
After m ake and let, we do n o t use to:
He's very funny. He m akes m e laugh. (n o t m akes m e to laugh)
A t school o ur teacher m ade us w ork very hard.
I didn't have m y phone w ith me, so Sue let me use hers. (n o t let me to use)
You can say Let's ... (= Let us) when you w ant people to do things w ith you:
Co m e on! Let's dance.
'Do you w ant to go o ut tonight?' 'No, I'm tired. Let's stay at home.'
( Let 's... Unit 35 He told me t h a t ... ^ Unit 50
116 1 m ake and let

Exercises
W rite sentences beginning I w ant you ... / 1don't w ant you ... / Do you w ant me .
1 (you m ust com e w ith m e) ..................................................
2 (listen carefully)
I w a n t ...
3 (please don't be angry)
4 (shall I w ait for you?)
5 (don't call m e to nig ht)
6 (you m ust m eet Sarah)
I d o n 't ....
Do y o u .
Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences.
® r Com eon l Let t’s
s ^ ® ( Where’s t h e st at io n?^ ®
go t o the cinema!
It ’s a good film.
■ .....
® (Can you help m e ?):
TO M ■ YO U PAUL YO U SUE YO U A M Y
Dan p ersuad ed .^ .^ .So.gp.tp.the cinem a........
I w anted to get to the station. A w om an t o ld .
Ben wasn't well. I ad vised .............................................
Laura had a lot o f luggage. She asked ...................
I was too busy to talk to Tom . I t o ld .....................
I w anted to make a phone call. Paul le t ..............
Sue is going to call m e later. I t o ld ..........................
Am y's m o ther t au g h t ......................................................
Com plete these sentences with the verbs in the list. Som etim es to is necessary (to go / to w ait
etc.); sometim es to is not necessary (go/ wait etc.).
arrive borrow get go m ake repeat tell think w ait
1 Please stay here. I don't w ant y o u To g o yet.
2 I didn't hear w hat she said, so I asked h e r................................................ it.
3 'Shall we begin?' 'No, let's................................................a few m inutes.'
4 Are they already here? I exp ected t h em ................................................ m uch later.
5 Kevin's parents didn't w an t h im ................................................ m arried.
6 I w ant to stay here. You can't m ake m e ................................................with you.
7 'Is that yo ur bike?' 'No, it's John's. He let m e ...............................................it.'
8 Rachel can't com e to the party. She told m e ...............................................you.
9 W o uld you like a drink? W o uld you like m e ...............................................som e coffee?
10 'Kate doesn't like me.' 'W hat makes y o u ................................................that?'
117

Unit
5 4 I went to the shop to ...
Paula w anted a newspaper, so she
w ent to the shop.
W h y did she go to the shop?
To get a newspaper.
She w ent to the shop to get a
newspaper.
to ... (to get / to see etc.) tells us w h y a person does som ething:
O 'W hy are you going out?' To buy som e food.'
O Catherine w ent to the station to m eet her friend.
O Sue turned on the television to w atch the news.
O I'd like to go to Spain to learn Spanish.
m oney/ tim e to (d o so m ething):
O W e need som e m oney to buy food.
O I haven't got tim e to w atch television.
to ... and for ...
to + verb
(to get / to see etc.)
O I w ent to the shop to get a newspaper.
(n o t for get)
O They're going to Brazil to see their
friends.
O W e need som e m oney to buy food.
for + n ou n
(for a new spaper / for food etc.)
O I w ent to the shop for a newspaper.
O They're going to Brazil for a holiday.
O W e need som e m oney for food.
w ait f o r ...
O Please w ait for me.
O Are you w aiting for the bus?
w ait to (d o som ething ):
O H urry up! I'm w aiting to go.
O Are you w aiting to see the doctor?
w ait for (so m eb o d y/ som ething ) to ...
O The lights are red. You have to w ait for them
to change.
O Are you w aiting for the doctor to come?
They're w aiting for the lights to
change.
118
go to ... and go for ... -♦ Unit 55 something to eat / nothing to do etc. ^ Unit 79
enough + to/ for ... -4 Unit 91 too + to/ for 4 Unit 92

Exercises
Q )
W rite sentences beginning I went to.... Choose from the boxes.
a coffee shop the st at ion buy som e vegetables get som e m edicine
the chem ist the m arket + m eet a friend get a t rain t icke t
1 [ w en t t o t h e st a t io n t o g et a t rain t ic k e t ,..............................................................................................
2 I w e n t .......................................................................................................................................................................................
3 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Com plete the sentences. Choose from the box.
to get som e fresh air to read the new spaper to w ake him up
to open this door to see w ho it was to w atch t h e news
ggj
1 I turned on the T V t o w a t ch t h e new s..........................................................................................................
2 Alice sat d o w n in an arm ch air..................................................................................................................................
3 Do I need a k ey...................................................................................................................................................................
4 I w ent for a w alk by the river......................................................................................................................................
5 I knocked on the d o o r o f David's ro o m ..............................................................................................................
6 TTie doorbell rang, so I looked o ut o f the w in d o w .......................................................................................
Use your own ideas to finish these sentences. Use t o . . . .
1 I w en t t o t h e sh o p t o .Q e t A D .§w sp a p e r .........................................................................................................
2 I'm very busy. I don't have t im e ................................................................................................................................
3 I called A m y ...........................................................................................................................................................................
4 I'm going o u t .........................................................................................................................................................................
5 I borrowed som e m o n ey...............................................................................................................................................
W rite to or for.
1 I w ent o u t t o get som e bread.
2 W e w ent to a rest au ran t.................have dinner.
3 Robert w ants to go to u n iversit y study eco no m ics.
4 I'm going to Lo n d o n an interview next week.
5 I'm going to Lo n d o n visit som e friends o f m ine.
6 Do you have t im e a cup o f coffee?
7 I got up late this m orning. I didn't have t im e .................wash.
8 Everybody needs m o n ey live.
9 W e didn't have any m o n ey a taxi, so we walked hom e.
10 TTie office is very sm all. There's space o n ly a desk and chair.
11 a : Excuse me, are you w ait in g be served?
b: No, I'm already being served, thanks.
Com plete these sentences. Choose from:
it / t o arrive yo u / t e ll me them / change the film / begin
1 W e stopped at the lights and w ait ed f o r t h em t o . ch a n g e.....................................................................
2 I sat d o wn in the cinem a and w ait ed ........................................................................................................................
3 W e called an am b ulance and w ait ed .........................................................................................................................
4 'Do you know w hat to do?' 'No, I'm w ait in g ....................................................................................................

go to ... (go to w ork / go to London / go to a concert etc)
W h at tim e do you usually go to work?
I'm going to China next week.
Sophie didn't w ant to go to the co ncert
'Where's Tom?' 'He's gone to bed.'
I w ent to the dentist yesterday.
go to
go to sleep = start to sleep:
I was very tired and w ent to sleep quickly.
go hom e (w it h o u t to)
I'm going hom e now. (n o t going to ho m e)
go on
go on
holiday
a trip
a tour
a cruise
strike
W e re going on holiday next week.
Children often go on school trips.
W orkers at the airp ort have gone on strike.
(= they are refusing to w o rk)
go for
a w alk O 'Where's Em m a?' 'She's gone for a walk.'
a run O Do you go for a run every m orning?
go (so m ew here) for a swim O The water looks nice. I'm going for a swim.
a d rink O 1m et Chris in town, so we w ent for coffee.
a meal O Shall we go o ut for a meal? 1know a good restaurant.
go + -ing
W e use go + -ing for m any sports (sw im m ing / skiing etc.) and also shopping.
I go
he is going
we w ent
they have gone
she w ants to go
shopping
sw im m ing
fishing
sailing
skiing
jogging etc.
Are you going shopping this afternoon?
It's a nice day. Let's go swim m ing.
(o r Let's go for a swim .)
Richard has a sm all boat and he often goes sailing.
I w ent jogging before breakfast this m orning.

Exercises
W rite to/ on/ for where necessary.
1 I'm g o in g..t o ......China next week.
2 Richard often g o es...z sailing, (n o p r ep o sitio n )
3 Sue w e n t ............. M exico last year.
4 Jack g o es............. jogging every m orning.
5 I'm going o u t ............. a walk. Do you w ant to com e?
6 I'm tired because I w e n t bed very late last night.
7 M ark is g o in g .............h o lid ay................... Italy next week.
8 The w eather was w arm and the river was clean, so we w e n t a swim .
9 The taxi drivers w e n t .................strike when I was in N ew York.
10 Let's g o the cinem a this evening.
11 It's late. I have to g o .................hom e now.
12 W o uld you like to g o a tour o f the city?
13 Shall we go o u t ...............dinner this evening?
14 M y parents are g o in g a cruise this sum m er.
m
i Use the pictures to com plete the sentences. Use go/ goes/ going/ went + -ing.
CD often
every day
@ n ext m o n t h
(D yesterd ay
RICH ARD
EM ILY
JESSICA
PETER
SA RA H
Richard has a boat. He o ft en A Q e ssa f i ing
Last Saturday Em ily w e n t ................................................................................
D an
every day.
Jessica is going on holiday next m o nth. She is.....................................
Peter is going o ut later. He has t o ................................................................
Sarah ................................................................................after w o rk yesterday.
Com plete the sentences. Use the words in the box. Use to/ on/ for if necessary.
a sw im holiday Portugal shopping sleep
a w alk hom e riding skiing university
The water looks nice. Let's g o f o r a sw im ......
After leaving school, Tina w e n t
where she studied psychology.
I'm g o in g ......................................................................now. I have to buy a few things.
I was very tired last night. I sat d own in an arm chair and w e n t ........................................................................
I wasn't enjoying the party, so I w e n t ........................................................................early.
W e live near the m ountains. In w inter we g o ........................................................................m ost weekends.
Robert has got a horse. He g o es...................................................................... a lot.
The w eather is nice. Shall we g o ........................................................................along the river?
a : Are you g o in g ........................................................................soon?
b: Yes, next m o nth. We're g o in g W e've never been there before.

Unit
5 6 get
g et + n ou n = receive, buy, find et c
you g et it
you d o n ' t have som ething
you h ave it
O I g o t an email from Sam this m orning. (= receive)
O I like yo ur sweater. W here did you g et it? (= buy)
O It's hard to g et a job at the m om ent? (= find )
O 'Is Lisa here?' 'Yes, I'll g et her for you.'
also g et a b u s / a t ra in / a t ax i (= take a bus/ train etc.):
O 'Did you w alk here?'
'No, I g o t the bus.'
g et h u n g ry / g et co ld / g et t ire d etc. (g et + a d ject ive) - becom e:
you g et h u n g ry
you're n o t h u n g ry
^ you a re h u n g ry
O If you don't eat, you g et h u n g ry.
O Drink yo ur coffee. It's g e t t in g co ld .
I'm sorry yo ur m o ther is ill. I hope she g et s b e t t e r soon.
O It was raining very hard. W e didn't have an um brella, so we g o t very w et .
also g et m a rrie d
g et d re sse d (= put yo ur clothes o n)
g et lo st (= lose yo ur w ay)
O N icola and Frank are g e t t in g m a r r ie d soon.
O I got up and g o t d re sse d quickly.
O W e didn't have a map, so we g o t lost.
g et t o a place = arrive:
O I usually g et t o w o r k before 8.30. (= arrive at w o rk)
O W e left London at 10 o'clock and g o t t o M a n ch e st e r
at 12.45.
g et h e re / t h e re (w it ho ut to):
O H o w did you g et here? By bus?
g et t o
g et h o m e (w it h o u t to):
O W h at tim e did you g et h o m e last night?
g et in / o u t / o n / o f f
g et in (a car) g et o u t ( o f a car) g et o n g et o f f
(a bus / a train / a plane)
O Kate g o t in t h e ca r and drove away. (Yo u can also say: Kate got in t o the car and ...)
O A car stopped and a m an g o t o ut . (b ut A man got o ut o f t h e car.)
O W e g o t o n t h e b u s outsid e the hotel and g o t o f f in Church Street.
122 ( get to -» Unit 108 in/ out/ on/ off - » Units 110,114 get up - » Unit 114 get o n - » Appendix 6

Exercises
Com plete these sentences. Use get/ gets and choose from the box.
a doctor a lot of rain a taxi m y em ail the job
a good salary a new laptop a ticket som e m ilk your boots
1 Did y o u Q et m y em a \ \ ? | sent it a w eek ago.
2 W here did y o u ? They're very nice.
3 Quick! This man is ill. W e need t o ................................................................................................
4 I don't w ant to w alk hom e. Let 's................................................................................................
5 Tom has an interview tom orrow. I hope h e ................................................................................................
6 W hen you go to the shop, can y o u ............................................................................................... ?
7 'Are you going to the concert?' 'Yes, if I can ................................................................................................'
8 Helen has got a well-paid job. Sh e................................................................................................
9 The w eather is horrible here in winter. W e ................................................................................................
10 I'm going t o ................................................................................................. The one I have is too slow.
Com plete these sentences. Use getting + these words:
cold dark late m arried ready
1 Drink yo ur coffee. It 's g ^ tt|ng .cp jd ......
2 Turn on the light. It 's................................................................................................
3 'I'm ............................................................................................... next week.' 'Really? Congratulations!'
4 'Where's Karen?' 'She's............................................................................................... to go out.'
5 It 's It's tim e to go hom e.
Com plete the sentences. Use get/ gets/ got + these words:
angry better hungry lost m arried old w et
1 If you don't eat, y o u g et hung ry......
2 Don't go o ut in the rain. Yo u 'll................................................................................................
3 M y b ro t h er................................................................................................last year. His wife's nam e is Sarah.
4 M ark is always very calm . He n ever................................................................................................
5 W e tried to find the hotel, but w e ................................................................................................
6 Everybody w ants to stay young, but w e a ll................................................................................................
7 Yesterday the w eather wasn't so good at first, but i t .................................................................................
during the day.
W rite sentences with I le f t ... and got to . . . .
1 hom e / 7.30 —> w o rk / 8.15
Ik f t .h p m ^ .........................................................................
2 London / 10.15 —> Bristol / 11.45
I left London at 10.15 an d ...........................................................................................................................................
3 the party / 11.15 —> hom e / m idnight
4 W rite a sen t en ce a b o u t you rself.
I le ft ............................................................
g g W rite got in / got out of / got on / got off.
1 Kat e g o t .in the car and drove away.
2 I ................................................................the bus and walked to m y house from the bus stop.
3 Isab el.............................................................. the car, shut the d o or and w ent into a shop.
4 I m ade a stupid mistake. I .............................................................. the wro ng train.

Unit
57 do and make
Do is a general word for actions:
O W hat are you doing this evening? (not W h at are you m aking?)
O 'Shall I open the window?' 'No, it's O K. I'll do it.'
O
Rachel's job is very boring. She does the sam e thing every day.
I did a lot o f things yesterday.
W hat do you do? = W hat's yo ur job?:
O 'W hat do you do?'
'I w o rk in a bank.'
M ake = produce/ create. For exam ple:
r s
i n
t i
She's m aking coffee. He has m ade a cake. They m ake um brellas. It was m ade in China.
I Co m p are do and make:
I did a lot yesterday. I cleaned m y room , I wrote som e letters and I m ade a cake.
a : W hat do you do in yo ur free tim e? Sport? Reading? Hobbies?
b: I m ake clothes. I m ake dresses and jackets. I also make toys for m y children.
Expressions with do
an exam / a test
a course
ho m ew o rk
do
ho usew o rk
som eb o d y a favour
an exercise
O
o
o
o
o
o
I'm doing m y driving test next week.
John has just done a training course.
O u r children have to do a lot o f hom ework.
I hate doing housework, especially cleaning.
Sue, could you do me a favour?
I go for a run and do exercises every m orning.
also do the shopping / do the w ashing / do the w ashing-up / do the ironing / do the cooking etc.
O I did the w ashing but I didn't do the shopping.
Expressions with m ake
m ake
a m istake
an ap p o intm ent
a phone call
a list
a noise
a bed
O I'm sorry, I m ade a m istake.
O I need to m ake an appointm ent to see the doctor.
O Excuse me, I have to m ake a phone call.
o Have you m ade a shopping list?
o It's late. Don't m ake a noise.
o Som etim es I forget to m ake my bed in the m orning.
W e say m ake a film b u t take a photo / take a picture:
W hen was this film made?
b u t O W hen was this photo taken?
124 ( do/ does/ did (negatives and questions) ■ » Units 43- 4 4 make som ebody do som ething Unit 53 )

Exercises
W rite m ake/ m aking/ m ade or do/ doing/ did/ done.
1 'Shall I open the w ind ow?' 'No, it's O K. I'll d o it.'
2 W hat did y o u ........................................at the weekend? Did you go away?
3 Do you kno w ho w t o ........................................ bread?
4 Paper is.........................................from wood.
5 Rich a r d d id n 't h elp me. H e sac in an a r m ch a ir a n d ........................................ n o t h in g .
6 'W hat do y o u ?' 'I’m a doctor.'
7 I asked you to clean t h e bathro om . Have y o u .......................................it?
8 'W hat do t h e y ........................................ in that factory?’ 'Shoes.'
9 I'm som e coffee. W o u ld yo u like som e?
10 W hy are you angry w ith me? I d id n’t ........................................anything wrong.
11 ‘W hat are y o u ........................................ to m o rro w afternoon?' 'I'm working.'
G9 W h at are these people doing?
1 He's m a k in g s, cake. 6
2 Th e y ........................................................................................... 7
3 H e ............................................................................................... 8
4 ....................................................................................................... 9
5 10
W rite m ake or do in the correct form.
1 I h at e d o in g ho usew o rk, especially cleaning.
2 W h y do you alw ays........................................ the sam e mistake?
3 ‘Can y o u ........................................m e a favour?’ ‘It depends w hat it is.’
4 'Have y o u ........................................yo ur ho m ew o rk?’ 'N o t yet.'
5 I need to see the dentist, but I h aven 't ........................................an ap p o intm ent.
6 I'm ........................................a course in photography at the m o m ent. It’s very good.
7 The last tim e I ........................................an exam w as ten years ago.
8 How m any phone calls did y o u .......................................yesterday?
9 W hen you've finished Exercise 1, you can .........................................Exercise 2.
10 There's so m ething wro ng w ith the car. The engine is a strange noise.
11 It w as a bad mistake. It was the w o rst m istake I've ever.........................................
12 Let 's........................................a list o f all the things we have t o ........................................today.

Unit
58 have
have and have got
I have (so m ething ) or I've got (so m ething ) = it is mine:
O I have a new car. or I've got a new car.
O Sue has long hair, o r Sue has got long hair.
O Do they have any children? or Have they got any children?
O Tom doesn't have a job. or Tom hasn't got a job.
O H o w m uch tim e do you have? or H o w m uch tim e have you got?
also
I have
I've got
a headache / (a) to o thache / a pain (in m y leg etc.)
a cold / a cough / a sore thro at / a tem perature / flu etc.
O
O
I have a headache, or I've got a headache.
Do you have a cold? or Have you got a cold?
The past is I had (w it h o u t got) / 1didn't have / Did you have? e t c.:
O W hen I first m et Sue, she had sho rt hair.
O He didn't have any m o ney because he didn't have a job.
O Did you have enough tim e to do everything you wanted?
have breakfast / have a show er etc.
In these expressions have = eat/ drink/ take etc. You can't use 'have got'.
have
breakfast / lunch / d inner
a meal / a sandwich / a pizza etc.
a cup o f coffee / a glass o f m ilk etc.
som ething to eat/ drink
O 'Where's Lisa?' 'She's having lunch.'
O I don't usually have breakfast.
O I had three cups o f coffee this m orning.
O 'Have a biscuit!' 'Oh, thank you.'
W e also use have (n o t have got) in these expressions:
have
a bath / a shower
a rest / a holiday / a party
a nice tim e / a good trip / fun etc.
a w alk / a swim / a gam e (o f tennis etc.)
a dream / an accident
a baby
a look (at so m ething )
O
I had a sho wer this m orning.
O W e're having a p arty next week. You m ust com e.
O Enjoy yo ur holiday. Have a nice time!
O
Did you have a good tim e in Tokyo?
O Sandra has just had a baby.
O Can I have a look at yo ur m agazine?
Com pare:
Have o r have got
O
I have / I've got a new shower. It's very good.
Have (n o t have got)
O
I have a sho wer every m orning.
(n o t I've got a sho wer every m o rning )
O a : Where's Paul?
b: He's having a show er.
(= he's washing no w )
126 [ I have / I've got -» Unit 9 I've (done) (present perfect) 4 Units 15- 18 I have to ... ■ » Unit 33 )

Exercises
W rite the correct form of have or have got.
1 1.didn’t hava tim e to do the shopping yesterday. (I / no t / have)
2 ' H as Lis^ ..g Q t XQ KQ Q esXi^ .h ^ y ^ Ji a car?' 'No, she can't drive.' (Lisa / have?)
3 He can't open the door. .....................................................a key. (he / not / have)
4 ......................................................a cold last week. He's better now. (Gary / have)
5 W hat's wrong? ................................................................a headache? (you / have?)
6 W e w anted to go by taxi, b u t ................................................................enough m oney. (w e / not / have)
7 Laura is very busy m uch free tim e. (she / not / have)
8 ..............................................................any problem s when you were on holiday? (you / have?)
m
i W hat are these people doing? Choose from the list:
a bath breakfast a cup of tea dinner a good tim e a rest
1 Th ey’re h ayin g .b raakfao t ,......................................... 4 They
2 Sh e................................................................................................ 5 .............
3 H e ................................................................................................. 6............................................................................................................
W hat do you say in these situations? Use have.
1 Em ily is going on holiday. W h at do you say to her before she goes?
H a ve a nj.ce.ho lid ay!...............................................................................................................................................................
2 You m eet Clare at the airport. She has just got o ff her plane. Ask her ab o ut the flight.
D j d y o u h a ^ ^ .................................................................................................................................
3 Tom is going on a long trip. W h at do you say to him before he leaves?
4 It's M o nd ay m orning. You are at w ork. Ask Paula ab o ut her weekend.
5 Paul has just com e hom e after playing tennis w ith a friend. Ask him ab out the game.
6 Rachel is going o ut this evening. W h at do you say to her before she goes?
7 M ark has just returned from holiday. Ask him ab o ut his holiday.
g g g g p Com plete the sentences. Use have/ had and choose from the list.
an accident a glass of w ater a look a w alk a party som ething to eat
1 W e had a .p a r t y a few weeks ago. W e invited 50 people.
2 'Shall w e ..............................................................................................?' 'No, I'm not hungry.'
3 I was thirsty, so I ................................................................................................
4 I like to get up early an d ..............................................................................................before breakfast.
5 Tina is a very good driver. She has n ever................................................................................................
6 There's som ething wro ng w ith the engine o f m y car. Can y o u .........................................................................at it?

Unit
5 9 |/ me he/ him they/ them etc.
People
su b ject
o b ject
I
me
we
us
you
you
he
him
she
her
they
them
su b ject
o b ject
I I know Tom . Tom knows me. me
we W e know Tom . Tom knows us. us
you You know Tom . Tom knows you. you
he He knows Tom . Tom knows him. him
she She knows Tom . Tom knows her. her
they They know Tom . Tom knows them . them
Things
(k 's nice. I like ^ t )
su b ject
o b ject
it
it
O I don't w ant this book. You can have it.
O I don't w ant these books. You can have them .
O Kate never d rinks milk. She doesn't like it
O I never go to parties. I don't like them .
W e use m e/ her/ them etc. (o b ject ) after a prep osition (for/ to/ with et c):
O Tin is letter isn't for me. It's for you.
O W h o is that w om an? W h y are you looking at her?
O We're going to the cinem a. Do you w ant to com e w ith us?
O Sue and Kevin are going to the cinem a. Do you w ant to go w ith them ?
O 'Where's the newspaper?' 'You're sitting on it.'
give it/ them to ...
O I w ant that book. Please give it to me.
O
Robert needs these books. Can you give them to him, please?
1
128 ( my/ his/ their etc. Unit 60 Give me that book / Give it to me Unit 96

Exercises
Com plete the sentences with him / her/ them .
1 I don't kno w those girls. Do you k n o w t h e m ?
2 I don't kno w that man. Do you k n o w ........................................?
3 I don't know those people. Do you k n o w ...................................
4 I don't know David's wife. Do you k n o w ......................................
5 I don't kno w M r Stevens. Do you k n o w .......................................
6 I don't know Sarah's parents. Do you k n o w ...............................
7 I don't kno w the w o m an in the black coat. Do you know
Com plete the sentences. Use l/ m e/ you/ she/ her etc.
I w ant to see her, b u t
sh e doesn't w ant to see tne....
I_________________1 I
They w ant to see me, b u t ....................................... don't w ant to see
She w ants to see him, b u t ......................................doesn’t w ant to see
W e w ant to see them , b u t ......................................don't w ant to se e.......
He w ants to see us, b u t .......................................d o n’t w ant to see
They w ant to see her, b u t .......................................doesn't w ant to see
I w ant to see them , b u t ......................................d o n’t w ant to see
You w an t to see her, b u t .......................................doesn’t w ant to see....
W rite sentences beginning I like ..., I don’t like ... or Do you lik e ... ?
d o n’t eat tom atoes
George is a very nice m an. I like
This jacket isn’t very nice. I d o n’t
[d o n 't like t h em
This is my new car. Do..................
M rs Clark is no t very friendly. I .....
These are m y new shoes....................
Com plete the sentences. Use l/ m e/ he/ him etc.
1 W h o is that wom an? W h y are you looking a t h er .....
2 'Do you kno w that m an?' Yes, I w o rk w ith
3 W here are the tickets? I can't f in d .........................................
4 I can't find m y keys. W here are........................................ ?
5 We're going out. You can com e w it h ....................................
6 I've got a new m otorbike. Do you w an t to see...............
7 M aria likes m usic.............................................plays the piano.
8 I d o n’t like dogs. I’m afraid o f .........................................
9 I'm talking to you. Please listen t o .........................................
10 W here is Anna? I w ant to talk t o .........................................
11 You can have these CDs. I don't w an t .........................................
12 M y b ro ther has a new job, b u t doesn't like very m uch.
C o m p l et e the sen t en ces.
1 I need that book. Can y o u give it .t o .m e.
2 He w ants the key. Can you g ive........................
3 She w ants the keys. Can y o u ...............................
4 I need m y bag. Can y o u .........................................
5 They w an t the m oney. Can y o u ........................
6 W e w ant the pictures. Can y o u ..........................
129

Unit
6 0 my/ his/ their etc.
7
my u m b rella)(o u r um brella) (y o u r umbrella^ (h is um b rella)
(h e r umbrella
t heir umbrella
1 my
we our
you your
he his
she —» her
they —> their
1 like my house.
W e like our house.
You like your house.
He likes his house.
She likes her house.
They like their house.
it —» its Oxfo rd (= it) is fam o us for its university.
W e use m y/ your/ his etc. + n ou n :
m y hands his new car her parents
our clothes your best friend their room
his/ her/ their
A M Y
A N D Y
M R AN D
M RS LEE
her car
(= Am y's car)
%
his bike
their son ^ B |
her husband
0 k
his sister
their daughter
(= Am y's
husband)
her children
his parents
their children
A
(= Am y's
child ren)
-
its and it's
its
it's (= it is)
Oxfo rd is fam ous for its university.
I like Oxfo rd . It's a nice place. (= It is a nice place.)
130 [ mine/ yours etc. -» Unit 61 l/ me/ my/ mine ■ » Unit 62
D

Exercises
Com plete the sentences in the same way.
1 I'm going to w ash !T!y h an d s......
4 He's going to w ash .......
2 She's going to w ash ..............................................hands. 5 They're going to w ash .
3 We're going to w ash ......................................................... 6 Are you going to wash .
Com plete the sentences in the same way.
1 H e lives w |t h .h js.p aren t s......
2 They live w it h ...................................................... parents.
3 W e ..............................................................................parents.
5 I .....................
6 Jo h n ................
7 Do you live.
4 M artina lives.......................................................................... 8 M o st children .
. parents.
Look at the family tree, and com plete the sentences with his/ her/ their.
'TfltfVtr
BEN
" U K
SA RA H = PH ILIP
&
t i t
W ILL
STEVE
1 I saw Sarah w it h h e r husband, Philip.
2 I saw Laura and Steve w it h .........................children.
3 I saw Steve w it h .........................wife, Laura.
4 I saw Ben w it h .........................brother, W ill.
5 I saw Laura w it h .........................brother, W ill.
6 I saw Sarah and Philip w it h ........................son, W ill.
7 I saw Laura w it h .........................parents.
8 I saw Beth and Robert w it h .......................parents.
m
RO BERT
m m
BETH
W rite m y/ our/ your/ his/ her/ their/ its.
1 Do you lik e your job?
2 I kno w M r W atson, b ut I don't k n o w .........................wife.
3 Alice and Tom live in Lo nd o n............................son lives in Australia.
4 We're going to have a party. W e’re going to invite a ll.........................friends.
5 Anna is going o ut w it h friends this evening.
6 I like tennis. It 's favourite sport.
7 'Is t h at .......................car?' 'No, I don't have a car.’
8 I w ant to co ntact M aria. Do you k n o w .........................num ber?
9 Do yo u t hink m ost people are happy in .......................jobs?
10 I'm going to w ash .........................hair before I go out.
11 This is a beautiful tree leaves are a beautiful colour.
12 John has a brother and a sister. .......................brother is 25, an d sister is 21.
Com plete the sentences. Use m y/ his/ their etc. with these words:
coat hom ew ork house husband - j o b key nam e
1 Jam es doesn't en jo y h isjo b it's not very interesting.
2 I can't get in. I don't h ave........................................................................
3 Sally is m arried............................................................................ w o rks in a bank.
4 Please take o f f .................................................'...................... and sit d own.
5 'W hat are the children doing?' 'They're d o in g ........................................................................'
6 'Do you kno w that man?' 'Yes, but I don't k n o w .........................................................................'
7 W e live in Barton Street.............................................................................is at the end on the left.

Unit
Whose is this?
It s mine/ yours/ hers etc.
( ours )
1 my m ine
we —> our —> ours
you your - > yours
he —> his —> his
she —> her —> hers
they —> their —> theirs
It's m y m oney.
It's our m oney.
It's your m oney.
It's his m oney.
It's her m oney.
It's their m oney.
It's mine.
It's ours.
It's yours.
It's his.
It's hers.
It's theirs.
W e use m y/ your etc. + n ou n (m y hands / your book etc.):
O
O
O
M y hands are cold.
Is this your book?
Helen gave me her um brella.
It s their problem , not our problem.
W e use m ine/ yours etc. w it ho u t a noun:
Q Is this book m ine or yours? (= m y book or yo ur b o ok)
I didn't have an um brella, so Sarah gave m e hers. (= her um brella)
O It's their problem , not ours. (= not o ur problem )
O W e w ent in our car, and they w ent in theirs. (= their car)
You can use his with or w it h o u t a noun:
Is this his cam era or hers?'
It's his.'
a friend of m ine / a friend of his / som e friends of yours etc.
O I w ent o ut to m eet a friend of mine. (n o t a friend o f m e)
O Tom was in the restaurant w ith a friend of his. ( n o t a friend o f him )
O Are those people friends of yours? (n o t friends o f yo u)
W hose ..?
W hose phone is this? (= Is it yo ur phone? his phone? m y phone? etc.)
You can use w hose w ith or w it ho u t a noun:
W hose m oney is this? 1 I K
7 \ Its m ine. W r f
W hose is this?
J
W hose shoes are these? 1 ^ , . ,
\ They re Johns.
W hose are these? J
[ my/ his/ their etc. - » Unit 60 l/ me/ my/ mine ■ » U n i t 6 2 K a t e ' s camera / my b r o t h e r ' s c a r U n i t 6 4 J

Exercises
Com plete the sentences with m ine/ yours etc.
1 It's yo ur m oney. It 's yo u rs.......................................
2 It's m y bag. It 's....................................................................
3 It's o ur car. It 's.....................................................................
4 They're her shoes. Th ey're..........................................
5 It's their house. It 's......................
6 They're yo ur books. They're
7 They're m y glasses. Th ey're....
8 It's his coat. It 's..............................
Choose the right word.
1 It's their/ theirs problem , not -eu^ / ours. (their a n d ours are rig h t)
2 This is a nice cam era. Is it vo ur/ yo urs?
3 That's not m v/ m ine um brella. M y/ M ine is black.
4 W ho se books are these? Your/ Yours or m v/ m ine?
5 Catherine is going o ut w ith her/ hers friends this evening.
6 M y/ M ine room is bigger than her/ hers.
7 They have t w o children, but I don't know their/ theirs names.
8 Can we use yo ur washing m achine? O ur/ O u rs isn't working .
^ Q Q I C ° m plete these sentences. Use friend(s) of m ine/ yours etc.
I w ent to the cinem a w ith a frien d o f mjne
They w ent on holiday w ith so m e frien d s o f theirs...
She's going o ut w ith a frien d ........................................................
W e had dinner w ith so m e............................................................
I played tennis w ith a .......................................................................
Tom is going to m eet a ...................................................................
Do you kno w those people? Are t h e y ..................................
Look at the pictures. W hat are the people saying?
m ...
133

Unit
l/ me/ my/ mine
i see him, but he can't see me.
i give me your
number, and I'll
give you mine.
I etc.
m e et c
m y etc.
m ine etc.
(- > Unit 59)
(- > Unit 59)
(—> Unit 60)
(—> Unit 61)
AI kno w Tom . Tom knows me. It's m y car. It's mine.
J
W e kno w Tom . Tom knows us. It's our car. It's ours.
m You know Tom . Tom knows you. It's your car. It's yours.
He knows Tom . Tom knows him. It's his car. It's his.
She knows Tom . Tom knows her. It's her car. It's hers.
9 0
They know Tom . Tom knows them . It's their car. It's theirs.
Study these exam ples:
O 'Do you know that man?'
'Yes, I know him, but I can't rem em ber his name.'
O She was very pleased because we invited her to stay w ith us at our house.
O a: W here are the children? Have you seen them ?
b: Yes, they are playing w ith their friends in the park.
That's my pen. Can you give it to me, please?
O Is this your umbrella?' No, it's yours.'
He didn't have an um brella, so she gave him hers. (= she gave her um brella to him )
O I'm going o ut w ith a friend o f m ine this evening. (n o t a friend o f m e)
C myself/ yourself etc. 4 Unit 63 Give me that book / Give it to me Unit 96
3

Exercises
^ jj | | Answer the questions in the same way.
7
Yes,
I know him ,.b u t] can ’t...
r em em b er his nam e
Yes, I k n o w
rem em b er.................................................
but I can't
® ( D o you know me?^
Yes, I ., but Yes, I . ., but
. nam es.
Com plete the sentences in the same way.
1 W e invited h er t o st a y w it h u s .a t o ur h o u se......
2 He invited us to stay w it h ................................................at his house.
3 They invited m e to stay w it h ....................................................................................................... house.
4 I invited them to st ay....................................................................................................... house.
5 She invited us to st ay.......................................................................................................house.
6 Did you invite h im ....................................................................................................... house?
^ 2 9 1 Co m p let e t he sentences in the sam e way.
1 I gave h im M Y phone num ber, an d he g ave m e h is
2 I gave h e r w y phone num ber, and she gave m e ................................................................
3 He gave m e h is phone num ber, and I g ave................................................................
4 W e gave t h e m .......................phone num ber, and they g ave...........................................................
5 She gave h im .......................phone num ber, and he g ave..................................................................
6 You gave u s.........................phone num ber, and we g ave.................................................................
7 They gave y o u .......................phone num ber, and you g ave.............................................................
m
W rite him / her/ yours etc.
1 Where's Am and a? Have you seen h er ?
2 W here are m y keys? W here did I p u t .......................?
3 This book belongs to Ben. Can you give it t o .......................?
4 W e don't see.........................neighbours m uch. They're not at hom e very often.
5 'I can't find m y phone. Can I u se.......................?' 'Yes, o f course.'
6 We're going to the cinem a. W h y don't you com e w it h ........................ ?
7 Did yo ur sister p ass.........................exam s?
8 Som e people talk ab o u t .......................w o rk all the tim e.
9 Last night I w ent o ut for a meal w ith a friend o f .........................

Unit
6 3 myself/ yourself/ themselves etc.
Wm -
• i
i v m
j i
^ Help yourself!
w m j g
He's looking at him self
They're enjoying them selves.
I —> m e —> m yself o I looked at m yself in the mirror.
he - * him —> him self o He cut him self w ith a knife.
she - > her - > herself o She fell o ff her bike, but she didn't hurt herself.
you _^ you _^ > [ yourself o Please help yourself, (on e p erso n )
7 7 <
[ yourselves o Please help yourselves, (t w o o r m ore p eo p le)
we - > us ourselves o W e had a good holiday. W e enjoyed ourselves.
they —> them them selves o They had a nice tim e. They enjoyed them selves.
Com pare:
m e/ him / them et c
m yself/ him self/ them selves etc.
n
v s
She is looking at him
I_____________________ I
d ifferen t p eo p le
He is looking at him self
I_______________________ I
th e sa m e p erso n
r --«ssjg g
O You never talk to me.
I didn't pay for them .
I'm sorry. Did I hurt you?
) So m etim es I talk to m yself
i They paid for them selves.
Be careful. Don't hurt yourself.
by m yself / by yourself et c = alone:
I w ent on holiday by myself. (= I w ent alone)
) 'Was she w ith friends?' 'No, she was by herself'
each other
Kate and Helen are good friends. They know each other well. (= Kate knows Helen / Helen
knows Kate)
Paul and I live near each other. (= he lives near me / 1live near him )
Co m p are each other and -selves:
JA M ES
SUE
JA M ES
O Jam es and Sue looked at each other.
(= he looked at her, she looked at him )
Jam es and Sue looked at them selves.
(= he looked at himself, she looked at
herself)
136 ( me/ him/ them etc. 4 Unit 59

Exercises
t f s w i Com plete the sentences with m yself/ yourself etc.
1 He looked a t M y se lf jn the mirror.
2 I'm not angry with you. I'm angry w it h .................................................
3 Karen had a good tim e in Australia. She en jo yed .................................................
4 M y friends had a good tim e in Australia. They en jo yed .................................................
5 I picked up a very hot plate and b u rn t .................................................
6 He never thinks ab o ut o ther people. He only thinks ab o u t .................................................
7 I w ant to know m ore ab o ut you. Tell m e ab o u t ................................................. (o n e p erso n )
8 Goodbye! Have a good trip and take care o f ................................................! (t w o p eo p le)
^ 2 5 1 W rite sentences with by m yself / by yourself etc.
1 I w ent on holiday alone.
2 W hen I saw him , he was alone.
3 Don't go o ut alone.
4 I w ent to the cinem a alone.
5 M y sister lives alone.
6 M any people live alone.
W rite sentences with each other.
CD
I wenton hoJU^
W hen I saw him , h e ........................
D o n 't .......................................................
I........................................................
M y sist er...........
M any p eo p le.
Com plete the sentences. Use:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
each other or ourselves/ yourselves/ them selves or us/ you/ them
Paul and I live n ear ea ch o t h e r ......
W ho are those people? Do you k n o w t h em ?
You can help Tom , and Tom can help you. So you and Tom can h elp .....................................
There's food in the kitchen. If you and Chris are hungry, you can h elp .....................................
W e didn't go to Emily's party. She didn't in vit e.................................................
W hen we go on holiday, we always en jo y.................................................
Helen and Jane were at school together, but they never see................................................ now.
Karen and I are very good friends. W e've k n o w n for a long tim e.
'Did you see Sam and Laura at the party?' 'Yes, but I didn't speak t o .....................................
M any people talk t o ................................................w hen they're alone.

Unit
6 4 - ’s (Kate’s camera / my brother's car etc.)
KATE
Kate's cam era
(her cam era)
M Y BRO TH ER
m y brother's car
(his car)
the manager's office
(his o r her o ff ce)j
W e norm ally use -'s for people:
O I stayed at m y sister's house. (n o t the house o f m y sister)
O Have you m et M r Black's wife? (n o t the wife o f M r Black)
O Are you going to James's party?
O
Paul is a man's nam e. Paula is a wom an's name.
You can use -'s w it h o u t a noun after it:
O Sophie's hair is longer than Kate's. (= Kates hair)
O 'W ho se um brella is this?' 'It's m y mother's.' (= m y m other's um brella)
O 'W here were you last night?' 'I was at Paul's.' (= Paul's house)
friend's and friends'
m y friend's house = on e fr ien d
(= his house or her house)
W e w r it e 's after
friend/ student/ m other etc. (sin g u la r):
m y m other's car (on e m o t h er )
m y father's car (o n e fa t h er )
m y friends' house = t w o o r m o re fr ien d s
(= their house)
W e w r it e ' after
friend s/ stud ents/ p arents etc. (p lu ra l):
m y parents' car (t w o p a r en t s)
!
W e use o f ... for things, places e t c.:
O Look at the ro of of that building. (n o t that building's roof)
O W e didn't see the beginning of the film. (n o t the film's beginning)
O W hat's the nam e of this village?
O Do you know the cause of the problem ?
O You can sit in the back of the car.
O M ad rid is the capital of Spain.
138
( mine/ yours etc. Unit 61 whose ...?-» Unit 61 - ;s (he's / Kate's etc.) Appendix 4^5

Exercises
Look at the family tree. Com plete the sentences about the people in the family.
H ELEN * • * = «
O k I
JA M ES
SA RA H
Helen and Brian are m arried.
BRIAN
01
0 ?
PAUL
D AN IEL
They have a son, Jam es, and a daughter, Sarah.
Sarah is m arried to Paul.
Sarah and Paul have a son, Daniel.
1 Brian is....Hajan’s ................husband.
2 Sarah is Daniels m o t h ar
3 Helen is.................... ..............wife.
4 Jam es is Sarahs
5 Jam es is...................................uncle.
6 Sarah is..................................wife.
7 Helen is Daniels
8 Sarah is James's
9 Paul is........................ husband.
10 Paul is Daniel's
11 Daniel is................... ...............nephew.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use one word only.
JA N E
A N D Y
A LICE
RACH EL
D AVE
W ho se is this?
Alices...........
W ho se is this?
And this?
6 66 An d these?
JU And these? 5 * 0 An d this?
Are these sentences OK? Change them where necessary.
1 I stayed at the house o f m y sister.
2 W hat is the nam e o f this village?
3 Do you like the co lo ur o f this coat?
4 Do you have the phone num b er o f Sim o n?
5 The job o f m y brother is very interesting.
6 W rite yo ur nam e at the top o f the page.
7 For me, the m o rning is the best part o f the day.
8 The favourite colo ur o f Paula is blue.
9 W hen is the birthday o f yo ur m o ther?
10 The house o f m y parents isn't very big.
11 The walls o f this house are very thin.
12 The car stopped at the end o f the street.
13 Are you Roing to the p arty o f Silvia next week?
14 The manager o f the hotel is not here at the m o m ent
thy. sist ar’s. housa
OK

Unit
6 5 a/ an...
.. ±
He's got a cam era. She's waiting for a taxi. It's a beautiful day.
a ... = one thing or person:
Rachel w o rks in a bank. (n o t in bank)
Can I ask a question? (n o t ask question)
I don't have a job at the m o m ent.
) There's a w om an at the bus stop.
an (n o t a) before a/ e/ i/ o/ u:
Do you w ant an apple or a banana?
I'm going to buy a hat and an um brella.
There was an interesting program m e on TV last night.
also an hour (h is not pronounced : an Xo u r)
b u t a university (p ro no unced y u n iversit y )
a European co untry (p ro no unced y u r o p ea n )
another (= an + other) is one word:
Can I have another cup o f coffee?
W e use a/ an ... when w e say w hat a thing or a person is. For exam ple:
The sun is a star.
O Football is a game.
C
Dallas is a city in Texas.
A m ouse is an anim al. It's a sm all anim al.
O Joe is a very nice person.
W e use a/ an ... for jobs e t c.:
( J a : W hat's yo u r jo b?
b: I'm a dentist. (n o t I'm dentist)
'W hat does M ark do?'
W o u ld you like to be a teacher?
Beethoven was a com poser.
Picasso was a fam ous painter.
Are you a student?
'He's an engineer.'
140 c a car / some money (countable/ uncountable) Units 67- 68 a and the Unit 69

Exercises
W rite a or an.
1 an old book
2 w ind o w
3 horse
4 airport
5 new airp ort
6 organisation
. university
. hour
eco no m ic problem
W hat are these things? Choose from the box.
Kjyfj U II u
fruit
m ountain
river
m usical instrum ent
flower
game
planet
tool
vegetable
1 A d uck is a bird.
6 Saturn is...............
2 A carrot is.................
3 Tennis is.....................
4 A ham m er is...........
7 A banana is........
8 The Am azo n is.
9 A rose is...............
5 Everest is...................................................................................... 10 A t rum p et is.......
W hat are their jobs? Choose from the list and com plete the sentences,
architect -d entist- shop assistant photographer
electrician nurse taxi driver
CD
help you?
1 Sh e’s a d en t ist ........................................................ 5
2 He's.
3 She...
4 ........... And you? I'm .
W rite sentences. Choose from the two boxes. Use a/ an where necessary.
I w ant t o ask you Rebecca w orks in old house artist
Tom never wears Jane w ants to learn party q uestion-
I can't ride M ike lives in bookshop foreign language
M y brother is This evening I'm going to hat bike
1
2
w ant t o ask you a..quastion.,..
3
4
5
6
7
141

The plural o f a noun is usually -s:
sin g u la r (= o ne) —> p lu ra l (= t w o or m ore)
a flower —> som e flowers
a train —» two trains
one week —> a few w eeks
a nice place —» som e nice places
this student —> these students
%
i
a flo w er
som e flowers
Spellin g ( —> Ap p en d ix 5):
-s / -sh / -ch / -x -> -es
also
bus —> buses dish —> dishes
church —> churches box boxes
potato —> potatoes tomato —> tomatoes
-y
b u t -ay / -ey / -oy
-> -ies
-ys
baby —» babies dictionary —> dictionaries party —> parties
d a y —> days monkey —> monkeys boy —> boys
- f / -fe —> -ves shelf —> shelves knife -> knives wife —> wives
These things are plural
scissors glasses trousers jeans shorts tights pyjam as
O Do you wear glasses?
O W here are the scissors? I need them .
You can also say a pair of scissors / a pair of trousers / a pair of pyjam as e t c.:
O I need a new pair of jeans, o r I need som e new jeans, (n o t a new jeans)
Som e plurals do n o t end in -s:
this man —> these men
a w om an —> som e w om en
a child —> m any children
one foot —> tw o feet
a tooth —> all m y teeth
a m ouse som e m ice
that sheep —> those sheep
a fish —» a lo t offish
also a person tw o people / som e people / a lot of people e t c.:
O She's a nice person.
b u t O They are nice people, (n o t nice persons)
People is plural (= they), so we say people are / people have e t c.:
O A lot of people speak English, (n o t speaks)
O
I like the people here. They are very friendly.
Police is plural:
O The police w ant to talk to anybody w ho saw the accident, (n o t The police w ants)

Exercises
m W rite the plural.
1 flo wer flo w ers 5 um brella ....... 9 fam ily
2 boat 6 address 10 foot
3 w om an 7 knife 11 holiday
4 city ..... 8 sandwich ........................................ 12 potato
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
© © LU CY
1 There are a lot o f sh eep in the field.
2 Gary is cleaning h is.................................
3 There are t h ree................................ at the bus stop.
4 Lucy has t w o .................................
5 There are a lot o f in the river.
6 Th e ................................are falling from the tree.
j?P Are these sentences OK? Change the sentences where necessary.
1 I'm going to buy som e flowers.
2 I need ajiew jean s.
3 It's a lovely park w ith a lot o f beautiful tree. ....................
4 There was a w o m an in the car w ith t w o m ens..............................
5 Sheep eat grass...................................................................................................
6 David is m arried and has three childs..................................................
7 M o st o f m y friend are student..................................................................
8 He p ut on his pyjam a and w ent to bed..............................................
9 W e w ent fishing, but w e didn't catch m any fish...........................
10 Do you know m any persons in this town? .....................
11 I like yo ur trouser. W here did you get it? .....................
12 The town centre is usually full o f tourist. .....................
13 I don't like m ice. I'm afraid o f them . .....................
14 This scissor isn't very sharp. .....................
W hich is right? Com plete the sentences.
OK
..l.naed a.newpajir of jeans. OR...
................
1 It's a nice place. M any p eo p le QQ there on holiday.
2 Som e p eo p le always late.
3 The new city hall is not a beautiful building. M o st
p eo p le...............................like it.
4 A lot o f p eo p le................................TV every day.
5 Three p eo p le...............................injured in the accident.
6 How m any p eo p le...............................in that house?
7 ................................ the police kno w the cause o f the explosion?
8 The p o lice...............................looking for the stolen car.
9 I need m y glasses, but I can't f in d .................................
10 I'm going to b u y...............................new jeans today.
go o r goes?
is o r are?
don't o r doesn't?
w atch o r watches?
was o r were?
live o r lives?
Do o r Does?
is o r are?
it o r them ?
a o r some?

a bottle / some water
6 7 (countable/ uncountable 1)
Unit
A noun can be co u n ta b le or u n cou n table.
Co untab le nouns
For exam ple: (a) car (a) m an (a) bottle (a) house (a) key (an) idea (an) accident
You can use one/ tw o/ three (etc.) + co u n ta b le n o u n s (you can co unt them ):
A
A A
lli
t f ' i ‘ -
i ■ ■ <
*
one bottle t w o bottles three men
four houses
Co untab le nouns can be sin g u la r (= o ne) or p lu ra l (= t w o or m ore):
sin g u la r a car the car
p/ura/ cars tw o cars
my car etc.
the cars som e cars m any cars et c
O I've got a car.
O N ew cars are very expensive.
O There aren't m any cars in the car park.
You can't use the singular (car/ bottle/ key etc.) alone. You need a/ an:
O W e can't get into the house w it ho u t a key. (n o t w it ho u t key)
Unco untab le nouns
For exam ple: w ater
water
air rice salt plastic m oney m usic tennis
salt
w ater salt m<
' nJ $ 9
m usic
You can't say one/ tw o/ three (etc.) + these things:
o ne-water-
tw o m usics
Unco untab le nouns have only on e form :
m oney the m oney m y m oney som e m oney m uch m oney etc.
O I've got som e money.
O There isn't m uch m oney in the box.
O 'M oney isn't everything.
You can't use a/ an + u n co u n t a b le n o u n s: X m oney X m usic X w ater
But you can say a piece o f ... / a bottle o f ... etc. + u n co u n t a b le n ou n :
MMM
a bottle of water a carton of m ilk a bar of chocolate
a piece of cheese a bottle of perfum e a piece of m usic
a bowl of rice a cup of coffee a gam e of tennis
144 f a/ an 4 Unit 65 countable/ uncountable 2 4 Unit 68

Exercises
W hat are these things? Some are countable and some are uncountable. W rite a/ an if necessary.
The names of these things are:
bucket envelope m oney sand toothbrush w allet
eSS Jug spoon toothpaste w ater
m
©
It 's salt ...
It 's a spoon..
It's.
It’s.
0
It's.
It 's.
It's.
It's.
©
L
I//
0
O
It's
It's.
It's.
■J
ra n Some of these sentences are OK, but some need a/ an. W rite a/ an where necessary.
1 \J don't have w at ch a w at ch ...............
2 Do you like cheese? Q E...........................
3 I never wear hat....................................... 11
4 Are you looking for job? .................................. 12
9 Jam aica is island................
10 I don't need key. ............
Everybody needs food.
I've got good idea............
5 Kate doesn't eat m eat....................................... 13 Can you drive car? ....................................
6 Kate eats apple every day. ................................... 14 Do you w ant cup o f coffee? ..............
7 I'm going to party tonig ht........................................ 15 I don't like coffee w it ho u t m ilk...........
8 M usic is wond erful thing ........................................ 16 Don't go o ut w it h o u t um brella..........
What are these things? Write a ... o f ... for each picture. Use the words in the boxes.
© © ©
bar cup loaf bread m ilk tea
bowl glass piece + chocolate paper w ater
Ccii Iv/i i jar piece honey soup w ood
a carto n of milk 4 7
. 5 . 8
3 6 9
145

Unit a cake / some cake / some cakes
68 a (countable/ uncountable 2)
a/ an and some
a/ an + sin g u la r co u n ta b le n ou n s (car/ apple/ shoe et c):
O I need a new car.
O W o uld you like an apple?
some + p lu ra l co u n ta b le n ou n s (cars/ apples/ shoes et c):
O I need some new shoes.
O W o uld you like some apples?
some + u n co u n t a b le n ou n s (water/ m oney/ m usic et c):
O I need some water.
O W o u ld you like some cheese?
(o r W o u ld you like a piece of cheese?)
an apple
some apples
some cheese o r
a piece of cheese
Co m p are a and some:
O N icola bought a hat, some shoes and some perfume.
O I read a newspaper, m ade some phone calls, and listened to some music.
M any nouns are som etim es countab le and so m etim es unco untable. For exam ple:
a cake
0
some cake o r a piece of cake
a chicken
some chickens
some chicken o r a piece of chicken
Co m p are a paper (= a newspaper) and some paper:
I w ant som ething to read. I'm going to buy a paper.
b u t I w ant to make a shopping list. I need some paper / a piece of paper, (n o t a paper)
Be careful with:
advice bread furniture hair inform ation news weather work
These nouns are usually uncountable. So you can't say a/ an ...
plural ( ad vices, furnitures etc.).
O Can I talk to you? I need some advice, (n o t an ad vice)
I'm going to buy some bread, (n o t a bread)
O They've got some nice furniture in their house, (n o t furnitures)
O Silvia has very long hair, (n o t hairs)
W here can I get some inform ation ab o ut hotels here? (n o t inform ations)
Listen! I've just had some good news, (n o t a good news)
It's nice weather today, (n o t a nice w eather)
'Do you like yo ur job?'
W e say a job (b u t n o t a w o rk):
) I've got a new job. (n o t a new w o rk)
'Yes, but it's hard work.' (n o t a hard w o rk)
i, and they can't be
( countable/ uncountable 1 4 Unit 67 some and any Unit 76

Exercises
W hat can you see in these pictures? Use a or some.
_
W rite sentences with W ould you like a ... ? or W ould you like som e ... ?
( m I © a
1 Wpu.id.youJike so m e ^ .............................. 4 ?
2 W o uld you lik e................................................................... ? 5 ?
3 W o u ld ? 6 ?
W rite a/ an or some.
1 I read a book and listened t o p o m e.....m usic.
2 I n eed m oney. I w ant to b u y................food.
3 W e m e t interesting people at the party.
4 I'm going to o p en w in d o w to g et .............. fresh air.
5 Rachel didn't eat m uch for lunch - o n ly...............apple an d bread.
6 W e live in big house. Th ere's nice garden w it h beautiful trees.
7 I'm going to m ake a table. First I n eed w ood.
8 Listen to m e carefully. I'm going to give y o u ...............advice.
9 I w ant to m ake a list o f things to do. I n eed paper an d pen.
W hich is right?
1 I'm going to buy som e new shoe/ shoes, (shoes is rig h t)
2 M ark has brown eve/ eves.
3 Paula has sho rt black hair/ hairs.
4 The to ur guide gave us som e inform atio n/ info rm atio ns ab o ut the city.
5 We're going to buy som e new chair/ chairs.
6 We're going to buy som e new furniture/ furnitures.
7 It's hard to find a w ork/ jo b at the m o m ent.
8 W e had wond erful w eather / a wond erful w eather w hen we were on holiday.

Unit
6 9 a/ an and the
a/ an the
,
Can you open
a window?
Can you op
the window?
There are th ree w ind o w s here,
a w in d o w - w ind o w 1 or 2 or 3
There is only on e w in d o w here -
the w indow.
O
I've got a car.
(there are m any cars and I've got one)
O Can I ask a question? (there are m any
questions - can I ask one?)
O Is there a hotel near here? (there are
m any hotels - is there one near here?)
O Paris is an interesting city, (there are
O
m any interesting cities and Paris is o ne)
Lisa is a student.
(there are m any students and Lisa
is one)
O I'm going to clean the car tom orrow.
(= m y car)
Can you repeat the question, please?
(= the question that you asked)
J W e enjoyed o ur holiday. The hotel
was very nice. (= o ur ho tei)
Paris is the capital of France.
(there is only one capital o f France)
Lisa is the youngest student in her
class, (there is only one youngest
stud ent in her class)
Co m p are a and the:
O I bought a jacket and a shirt . The jacket was cheap, but the shirt was expensive.
(= the jacket and the shirt that I bought)
W e say the ... when it is clear w hich thing or person we m ean. For exam ple:
the door / the ceiling / the floor / the carpet / the light etc. (o f a ro o m )
the roof / the garden / the kitchen / the bathroom etc. (o f a h ou se)
the centre / the station / the airport / the town hall etc. (o f a t o w n )
'Where's Tom ? 'In the kitchen.'
(= the kitchen o f this house or flat)
Turn o ff the light and close the door.
( - the light and the d o o r o f the ro o m )
Do you live far from the centre?
the centre o f yo ur t o w n)
I'd like to speak to the manager, please.
(= the m anager o f this shop etc.)
148 ( a/ an Unit 65 the Units 70- 73

Exercises
W rit e a/ an o r t h e.
1 W e enjoyed our trip hotel was very nice.
2 'Can I ask a question?' 'Sure. W h at do you w ant to know?'
3 You look very tired.- You n eed holiday.
4 'Where's Tom?' 'He's in ............... garden.'
5 Eve is interesting person. You should m eet her.
6 a : Excuse me, can you tell m e ho w to get t o city centre?
b: Yes, go straight on and then t ak e next turning left.
7 a : Shall we go o ut f o r meal this evening?
b: Yes, t h at 's.................good idea.
8 It 's nice m orning. Let's go f o r walk.
9 Am and a is..................student. W hen she finishes her studies, she w ants to b e journalist. She
lives w ith t w o friends i n ap artm ent n ear college where she is studying....................
ap artm ent is small, but she likes it.
10 Peter and M ary have t w o ch ild ren , boy an d girl......................boy is seven years old, and
girl is three. Peter w orks in factory. M ary doesn't h ave jo b at the m o m ent.
Com plete the sentences. Use a or the + these words:
airport cup dictionary door floor picture
These sentences are not correct. Put in a/ an or the where necessary.
1 Don't forget to tujm^ offlight when you go out..........................Turn o ff the.li^ h t .
2 Enjoy yo ur trip, and don't forget to send m e postcard ...................................................
3 W h at is nam e o f this village?...........................................................................................................
4 Canad a is very big country...............................................................................................................
5 W h at is largest city in Canada?......................................................................................................
6 I like this room , but I don't like co lo ur o f carpet.................................................................
7 'Are you OK?' 'No, I've got headache.'...................................................................................
8 W e live in old house near station.................................................................................................
9 W h at is nam e o f d irecto r o f film we saw last night? .............................................

Unit
t h e ...
W e use the when it is clear w hich thing or person we mean:
O W hat is the nam e o f this street? (there is only one nam e)
O W ho is the best player in yo ur team? (there is only one best player)
O Can you tell m e the tim e, please? (= the tim e n o w )
O M y office is on the first floor. (= the first floor o f the building)
Don't forget the:
O
Do you live near the city centre? (n o t near city centre)
O Excuse me, where is the nearest bank? (n o t where is n earest ...)
the sa m e ...
O W e live in the sam e street. (n o t in sam e street)
O Are these t w o books different?' 'No, they're the same.' (n o t they're sam e)
W e say:
the sun / the m oon / the w orld / the sky / the sea / the country
O The sky is blue and the sun is shining.
O Do you live in a town or in the country?
the police / the fire brigade / the arm y (o f a city, co untry et c)
O M y brother is a soldier. He's in the army.
O W hat do you think o f the police? Do they do a good job?
the top / the end / the m iddle / the left etc.
O W rite yo ur nam e at the top of the page.
O M y house is at the end of the street.
O The table is in the m iddle of the room .
O Do you drive on the right or on the left in yo ur country?
%
(p lay) the piano / the guitar / the trum pet etc. (m usical instrum ents)
O Paula is learning to play the piano.
the radio
O I listen to the radio a lot.
the internet
O W h at do you use the internet for?
the left
the bottom
the right
W e do n o t use the with:
television / T V
O I watch TV a lot.
b u t
O W hat's on television tonight?
Can you turn o ff the TV? (= the TV set)
breakfast / lunch / dinner
O W hat did you have for breakfast? (n o t the breakfast)
O D inner is ready!
next / last + w eek/ m onth/ year/ sum m er/ M onday etc.
O
O
I'm no t working next week, (n o t the next w eek)
Did you have a holiday last sum m er? (n o t the last sum m er)
150 ( a/ an and the ■ » Unit 69 the Units 71- 73 the oldest / the most expensive etc. 4 Unit 90

Exercises
^ Put in the where necessary. W rite 'OK' if the sentence is already correct.
1 W hat is nam e o f this street?......................................................................The. nam e........................
2 W hat's on TV tonight? O K........................................
3 O u r ap artm ent is on second floor.........................................................................................................
4 W o uld you like to go to m oon?.............................................................................................................
5 W hich is best hotel in this town?...................................................... ....................................................
6 W h at tim e is lunch?.......................................................................................................................................
7 H o w far is it to city centre?
8 We're going away at end o f M ay............................................................................................................
9 W h at are you doing next weekend?....................................................................................................
10 I didn't like her first tim e I m et her........................................................................................................
11 I'm going o ut after dinner...........................................................................................................................
12 It's easy to get inform ation from internet.........................................................................................
13 M y sister got m arried last m onth...................................................... ....................................................
14 M y d ictio nary is on top shelf on right............................................ ....................................................
15 W e live in co untry ab o ut ten miles from nearest t o w n ...........................................................
Com plete the sentences. Use the sam e + these words:
age colour problem street tim e
1 I live in N o rth Street and you live in N o rth Street. W e live in Th a.sam e.st raet .
2 I arrived at 8.30 and you arrived at 8.30. W e arrived a t ...........................................................
3 Jam es is 25 and Sue is 25. Jam es and Sue are.................................................................................
4 M y shirt is dark blue and so is m y jacket. M y shirt and jacket are...................................
5 I have no m o ney and yo u have no m oney. W e h ave..............................................................
Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences. Use the if necessary.
I® ®
I Lisa Black
I P a u l Ro b erts
Ck r ls St o ne
Reb ecca W at so n
Sa r a h Kelly
To m H o w a r d s
mlm
m
1 The sun is shining. 4 He's w at ch in g ......................................
2 She's p laying 5 They're sw im m ing in ....
3 They're havin g 6 Tom's nam e is a t ......................... o f the list.
Com plete these sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary,
capital d inne r police lunch m iddle nam e sky TV
1 W e h ad d jnner at a restaurant last night.
2 W e stayed at a very nice hotel, but I don't rem em b er.................................................................
3 ................................................................is very clear tonight. You can see all the stars.
4 So m etim es there are som e good film s o n ................................................................late at night.
5 So m eb o d y was trying to break into the shop, so I called ................................................................
6 To kyo is.............................................................. o f Japan.
7 'W hat did you have f o r ................................................................?' 'A salad.'
8 I w oke up in ................................................................o f the night.

Unit
71 go to work go home go to the cinema
She's at work.
They're going to school.
He's in bed.
W e say:
(go) to w ork (b e) at w ork start w ork finish work
O
Bye! I'm going to work now. (n o t to the w o rk)
O I finish work at 5 o'clock every day.
(go) to school, (b e) at school, start school, leave school etc.
O W h at did you learn at school today? (n o t at the school)
O Som e children don't like school.
(go) to university/ college, (b e) at university/ college
Helen w ants to go to university when she leaves school.
O W h at did you study at college?
(go) to hospital, (b e) in hospital
O Jack had an accident. He had to go to hospital.
(go) to prison, (b e) in prison
O W hy is he in prison? W hat did he do?
(go) to church, (b e) in/ at church
O David usually goes to church on Sundays.
(go) to bed, (b e) in bed
O I'm tired. I'm going to bed. (n o t to the bed)
O 'Where's Alice?' 'She's in bed.'
(go) home, (b e) at home etc.
I'm tired. I'm going home. (n o t to ho m e)
O Are you going o ut tonight, or are you staying at home?
W e say:
(go to ) the cinema / the theatre / the bank / the post office / the station /
the airport / the city centre
O I never go to the theatre, but I go to the cinema a lot.
O 'Are you going to the bank?' 'No, to the post office.'
O The num b er 5 bus goes to the airport; the num b er 8 goes to
the city centre.
(go to) the doctor, the dentist
O You're not well. W h y don't you go to the doctor?
O I have to go to the dentist tom orrow.
1 5 2 ( the 4 Units 69- 70, 72- 73 in/ at Units 106-107 to/ in/ at Unit 108 (at) home Unit 108 )

Exercises
vm W here are these people? Com plete the sentences. Som etim es you need the.
1 He's in bad 3 She's in 5 They're at .
2 They're a t .......................................... 4 She's a t 6 He's in .......
£ £ 2 3 ) Com plete the sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.
bank bed church- hom e post office school station
1 I need to change som e m oney. I have to go t o f he b ank........
2 David usually goes t o ch u rch.....on Sundays.
3 In Britain, children go t o .............................................................from the age o f five.
4 There were a lot o f people a t ..............................................................waiting for the train.
5 W e w ent to their house, but they weren't a t ................................................................
6 I'm going t o ...............................................................now. Goodnight!
7 I'm going t o ...............................................................to get som e stam ps.
Co m p let e the sentences. So m et im es yo u need the.
1 If you w an t to catch a plane, y o u Q Q t o t h e a ir p o r t ,........................................................
2 If you w ant to see a film , you go t o .................................................................................................
3 If yo u are tired and you w ant to sleep, y o u ................................................................................
4 If you rob a bank and the police catch you, y o u .....................................................................
5 If you have a problem with yo ur teeth, y o u ...............................................................................
6 If you w ant to study after you leave school, y o u .....................................................................
7 If you are badly injured in an accid ent, y o u ................................................................................
Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences where necessary.
1 W e w ent t o cin em a last night. To t h e cin em a ,,
2 I finish w o rk at 5 o'clock every day. Q K........................
3 Lisa wasn't feeling well yesterday, so she w ent to doctor. .......................................
4 I wasn't feeling well this m orning, so I stayed in bed. .......................................
5 W h y is Angela always late for work?..........................................................................................
6 'W here are yo ur children?' 'They're at school.'........................ .......................................
7 W e have no m o ney in bank...........................................................................................................
8 W hen I was younger, I w ent to church every Sunday. .......................................
9 W h at tim e do you usually get hom e from work?.............................................................
10 Do you live far from city centre? .......................................
11 'W here shall we meet?' 'At station.' .......................................
12 Jam es is ill. He's in hospital. .......................................
13 Kate takes her children to school every day.
14 W o uld you like to go to university? .......................................
15 W o u ld you like to go to theatre this evening? .......................................

W e do not use the for gam es and sports:
O M y favourite sp orts are football and skiing. (n o t the fo o t b all... the skiing)
W e do not use the for languages or school subjects (history/ geography/ physics/ biology etc.):
O
Do you think English is difficult? (n o t the English)
O Tom's brother is studying physics and chem istry.
flowers or the flowers?
Com pare:
O
Flowers are beautiful.
(= flowers in general)
I love this garden.
The flowers are beautiful.
(= the flowers in this
The flowers
are beautiful.
garden)
O I don't like cold weather.
(= cold w eather in general)
O W e don't eat fish very often.
(= fish in general)
O Are you interested in
history?
(= history in general)
The w eather isn't very
good today.
(= the w eather tod ay)
W e had a great meal last
night. The fish was
excellent.
(= the fish we ate last
night)
Do you kno w m uch
ab o ut the history o f
yo ur country?
V-M
154 ( the - » Units 69- 71, 73
D

Exercises
W h at do yo u t h in k ab o ut these thing s?
big cities com puter games exam s jazz parties
chocolate dogs housew ork m useum s tennis
Cho o se seven o f these t hing s and w rit e sentences w it h :
I lik e ... I don't like ... I love ... I hate ... o r ... is/ are all right
1 I h at e axam s, o r J.Jika exam s. o r Exam s are all.n g h t .{e t c }................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................................
3 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 ............................................................................................................................................................................
7 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
g g j Are yo u interested in these things? W rit e sentences w it h :
I'm (very) interested in ... I know a lot a b o u t ... I don't know m uch a b o u t ...
I'm not interested in ... I know a little a b o u t ... I don't know anything a b o u t .
1 (histo ry) t o .vary.jn t ^ rasl^ d jn .h ist o j^ .................................................................................................
2 (p o litics) I .......................................................................................................................................................................
3 (sp o rt ).............................................................................................................................................................................................
4 (art ) ..........................................................................................................................................................................
5 (astro no m y) ..........................................................................................................................................................................
6 (eco no m ics) ..........................................................................................................................................................................
W h ich is right?
1 M y favourite sp o rt is football / t h e foot-balk (football is rig h t)
2 I like this hotel. Room s-- / The room s are very nice. (The room s is rig h t)
3 Everybody needs friends / the friends.
4 Jane doesn't go to parties / the parties very often.
5 I w ent shopping this m orning. Shops / The shops were very busy.
6 'Where's m ilk / the m ilk?' 'It's in the fridge.'
7 I don't like m ilk / the m ilk. I never d rink it.
8 'Do you do any sports?' 'Yes, I play basketball / the basketball.'
9 An architect is a person w ho designs buildings / the buildings.
10 W e w ent for a swim in the river. W ater / The water was very cold.
11 I don't like sw im m ing in cold water / the cold water.
12 Excuse me, can you pass salt / the salt, please?
13 I like this town. I like people / the people here.
14 Vegetables / The vegetables are good for you.
15 Houses / The houses in this street are all the same.
16 I can't sing this song. I don't know words / the w o rd s.
17 I enjoy taking pictures / the pictures. It's m y hobby.
18 Do you w ant to see pictures / the pictures that I took when I was on holiday?
19 English / The English is used a lot in international business / the international business.
20 M o ney / TTie m o ney doesn't always bring happiness / the happiness.

Unit
7 3 t h e ... (names of places)
Places (continents, countries, states, islands, towns etc.)
In general we do n o t use the w ith nam es o f places:
O France is a very large country. (n o t the France)
O Cairo is the capital o f Egypt.
O Corsica is an island in the M editerranean.
O Peru is in South Am erica.
But we use the in nam es w ith 'republic'/ 'states'/ 'kingdom ':
the Czech Republic
the United States o f Am erica (the USA)
the United Kingdom (the U K)
©
the -s (p lural nam es)
W e use the w ith p lu ra l nam es o f countries/ islands/ m ountains:
the N etherlands the Canary Islands
the Philippines the Alp s
Seas, rivers etc.
W e use the w ith nam es o f oceans/ seas/ rivers/ canals:
the Atlantic (O cean ) the M editerranean (Sea)
the (River) Nile the Suez Canal
the Am azo n
the Black Sea
Places in towns (streets, buildings etc.)
In general we do n o t use the w ith nam es o f streets, squares e t c.:
O Kevin lives in N ewton Street.
O W here is H ighfield Road, please?
O Tim es Square is in N ew York.
W e do no t use the with nam es o f airports, stations and m any o ther im p o rtant buildings:
Kennedy Airp ort W estm inster Abbey London Zoo
Victoria Station Edinburgh Castle
also
Cam bridge University, H arvard University etc.
But we use the w ith nam es o f m ost hotels, m useum s, theatres and cinem as:
the Regent Hotel the National Theatre
the Science M useum the Od eo n (cinem a)
the ...o f ...
W e use the + nam es w ith ... o f ...:
the M useum of M o d ern A rt the University of California
the Great Wall of China the To w er of London
W e say the north / the south / the east / the w est (o f ...):
O I've been to the north of Italy, but not to the south.
the
156 ( the ■ Units 6 9- 72

Exercises
Answer these geography questions. Choose from the box. Use The if necessary.
1 Ca iro ...........is the capital o f Egypt. Alp s
2 Th e A t l a n t i c .............is between Africa and Am erica. Am azo n
3 ................................................ .............is a co untry in northern Europe. And es
4 ................................................ .............is a river in South Am erica. Asia
5 ................................................ .............is the largest co ntinent in the world. Atlantic
6 ................................................ ...........is the largest ocean. Baham as
7 ........................................ ...........is a river in Europe. Bangkok
8 ........................................ ...........is a co untry in East Africa. Cairo
9 ................................................ ...........is between Canad a and M exico . Jam aica
10 ........................................ ...........are m o untains in South Am erica. Kenya
11 ........................................ .............is the capital o f Thailand. Pacific
12 ................................................ .............are m o untains in central Europe. Red Sea
13 ................................................ .............is between Saudi Arab ia and Africa. Rhine
14 ................................................ .............is an island in the Caribbean. Sweden
15 ............................................................are a group o f islands near Florida. United States
I W rite the where necessary. If the sentence is already correct, write OK.
1 Kevin lives in N ew ton Street. O K...............................................
2 W e w ent to see a play at JN Jat io n ^ a t t h a N at io n a l T h e a t r e
3 Have you ever been to China?.....................................................................................................
4 Have you ever been to Philippines? ..............................................................
5 Have you ever been to south o f France?.................. .............................................................
6 Can you tell m e where Regal Cinem a is? .............................................................
7 Can you tell m e where M errio n Street is? .............................................................
8 Can you tell m e where M useum o f A rt is? .............................................................
9 Europe is bigger than Australia. .............................................................
10 Belgium is sm aller than N etherlands. .............................................................
I I W hich river is longer - M ississippi or Nile? .............................................................
12 Did you go to N ational Gallery w hen you .............................................................
were in London?
13 W e stayed at Park Hotel in Hudson Road. .............................................................
14 H o w far is it from Trafalgar Square to Victo ria .............................................................
Station (in Lo n d o n )?
15 Rocky M o untains are in N o rth Am erica. .............................................................
16 Texas is fam ous for oil and cowboys. ..............................................................
17 I hope to go to United States next year. .............................................................
18 M ary com es from w est o f Ireland. .............................................................
19 Alan is a stud ent at M anchester University. .............................................................
20 Panam a Canal joins Atlantic Ocean and ..............................................................
Pacific Ocean.
A d d it io n al exercises 3 3 - 3 4 (pages 2 6 9 - 7 0 )

Unit
74 ; this/ that/ these/ those
this (sin g u la r) these (p lu ra l) that (sin g u la r)
those (p lu ra l)
this picture
(= this picture h ere)
these flowers
(= these flowers h ere)
that
those
that picture
(= that picture t h ere)
those people
(= those people th ere)
W e use this/ that/ these/ those w ith a noun (this picture / those girls et c) or w it h o u t a noun:
O This hotel is expensive, but it's very nice.
O 'Who's that girl?' 'I don't know.'
w ith a n ou n
O Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
O Those apples look nice. Can I have one?
O
o
o
o
This is a nice hotel, but it's very expensive.
'Excuse me, is this yo ur bag?' 'Oh yes, thank you.'
Who's that? (= W h o is that person?)
W hich shoes do you prefer - these or those?
w it h o u t a n ou n
B f c that = som ething that h as h a p p en ed :
O Tm sorry I forgot to p ho ne you.'
'That's all right.'
O That was a really nice meal. Thank you very m uch.
that = w hat so m eb o d y h as ju st sa id :
O 'You're a teacher, aren't you?' 'Yes, that's right.'
O 'M artin has a new job.' 'Really? I didn't know that.'
G Tm going on holiday next week.' 'Oh, that's nice.'
W e use this is ... and is t h a t ... ? on the phone:
O Hi Sarah, this is David.
(this = the speaker)
O Is that Sarah?
(that = the other person)
D AVID
W e use this is ... to introduce people:
O a: Ben, this is Chris.
b: Hello, Chris - nice to m eet you.
c: Hi.
A M A N D A BEN CHRIS
1 5 8 f this one / that one Unit 75~

Exercises
Com plete the sentences. Use this/ that/ these/ those + these words:
birds house plates postcards seat shoes
Com plete the sentences with this is or that's or that.
1 a: I'm sorry I'm late.
b: .That’s all right.
2 a: I can't com e to the party tom orrow.
b: O h ,........................................a pity. W h y not?
3 on th e p h o n e
sue: Hello, Jane.............................................Sue.
jan e : Oh, hi Sue. H o w are you?
4 a: You're lazy.
b: n o t true!
5 a: Beth plays the piano very well.
b: Does she? I didn't k n o w .........................................
6 M a r k m eet s Paul's sister, H elen.
paul: M ark ,..........................................m y sister, Helen.
m ark: Hi, Helen.
7 a: I'm sorry I was angry yesterday.
b: .......................................O K. Forget it!
8 a: You're a friend o f Tom's, aren't you?
b: Yes,.......................................right.

one (= a ...)
These chocolates are good
Would you like one W o u ld you like one ?
I
= W o uld you like a chocolate ?
one = a/ an ... (a cho co late / an apple etc.)
O I need a pen. Do you have one? (one = a pen)
O a: Is there a bank near here?
b: Yes, there's one at the end o f this street, (one = a bank)
one and ones
one (sin g u la r)
s ;---------
Which one
^ do you want?
ones (p lu ra l)
ff 1 c
J l '
Which ones ]
^ do you want? J
I____
(The white ones.J
W hich one? = W hich hat?
one = hat/ car/ girl etc.
W hich ones? = W hich flowers?
ones = flowers/ cars/ girls etc.
this one / that one
O W hich car is yours? This one or that
one? (= this car or that car)
the o n e ...
O a: W hich hotel did you stay at?
b: The one opposite the station.
I found this key. Is it the one you lost?
the ... one
O I don't like the black coat, but I like the
brown one.
Don't buy that cam era. Buy the other
one.
a/ an ... one
This cup is dirty. Can I have a clean
one?
That biscuit was nice. I'm going to
have another one.
|
i
these/ those or these ones / those ones
) W hich flowers do you want? These
or those? o r
These ones or those ones?
the o n e s...
a: W hich books are yours?
b: The ones on the table.
) I fo und these keys. Are they the ones
you lost?
t h e ... ones
I don't like the red shoes, but I like the
green ones.
Don't buy those apples. Buy the
other ones.
so m e ... ones
These cups are dirty. Can we have
som e clean ones?
) M y shoes are very old. I'm going to
buy som e new ones.
( which ... ? ^ Unit 47 another Unit 65 this/ that Unit 74

Exercises
{ g g A asks B some questions. Use the information in the box to write B's answers. Use one
(not a/ an ...) in the answers.
B doesn't need a car
there's a chem ist in M ill Road
B d o esn't have a p en
B has just had a cup o f coffee
B is going to get a bike
B doesn't have an um brella
1 a: Can you lend m e a pen? b:
2 a: W o u ld you like to have a car? b:
3 a: D o you have a bike? b:
4 a: Can you lend m e an um brella? b:
5 a: W o u ld you like a cup o f coffee? b:
6 a: Is there a ch e m is t near here? b:
I'm so rry, ! d o n’t haya.ona..
No, I d o n 't .......................................
No, b u t .............................................
I'm sorry, b u t .................................
No, thank yo u................................
Yes,.......................................................
G 31 Com plete the sentences. Use a/ an ... one. Use the words in the list,
better big clean different new old
1 This cup is dirty. Can I h ave a clean one...
I'm going to sell m y car and b u y .
That's not a very good photo, but this is.......................................
I w ant today's newspaper. This is.......................................................
This box is too sm all. I n eed .................................................................
W h y do we always go to the sam e restaurant? Let's go t o .
A is talking to B. Use the information to com plete the conversations. Use one/ ones.
1 A st a y ed a t a hotel. It w as o p p o sit e th e
station .
a: W e stayed at a hotel.
b - Which o n e ?
a* Tha o n e o p p o si t e t h e st a t i o n .
2 A sees so m e sh oes in a sh o p w in dow . They're
green.
a: I like those shoes.
b: W h ich ...........................................................................?
a: Th e .................................................................................
3 A is lookin g a t a h ou se. It h as a red door.
a: That's a nice house.
b: ................................................................... ?
A : .......................................w it h .........................................
4 A is lookin g a t so m e CD s. They're on th e t op
shelf.
a: Are those yo ur CDs?
b: ................................................................ . ?
A'
5 A is lookin g a t a ja ck et in a sh op. It's black.
a: D o you like that jacket?
b: ................................................................... ?
A'
6 A is lookin g a t a pictu re. It's on th e wall.
a: That's an interesting picture.
b: ................................................................. ?
A : .................................................................
7 A sees a girl in a gro u p o f p eople. She's tall
w it h lon g hair.
a : D o you kno w that girl?
b : ..............................................................................................................?
A : .................................................................
8 A is lookin g a t so m e flo w er s in th e ga rden .
They're yellow .
a : Tho se flowers are beautiful.
b: ................................................................. ?
a : .................................................................
9 A is lookin g a t a m a n in a restau ran t. H e
h as a m o u st a ch e a n d glasses.
a: Who's that man?
b: ................................................................. ?
A : .................................................................
10 A took so m e p h o t o s a t th e p a r t y la st w eek.
a : Did I sho w you m y photos?
b: ................................................................. ?
A: ................................................................

Use som e in p osit ive sentences:
O
I'm going to buy som e clothes.
O There's som e m ilk in the fridge.
O W e m ade som e m istakes.
Use any in n egative sentences:
O I'm not going to buy any clothes.
O There isn't any m ilk in the fridge.
W e didn't m ake any m istakes.
any and som e in questions
In m ost questions (b ut no t all) we use any (n o t some):
O Is there any m ilk in the fridge?
Does he have any friends?
Do you need any help?
[ Do you have |
I any money? J
m H r
W e norm ally use som e (n o t any) when w e offer things
(W ould you lik e ...?):
a: W o u ld you like som e coffee?
b: Yes, please.
or w hen we a sk f o r things (Can I have ... ? etc.):
a: Can I have som e soup, please?
b: Yes. Help yourself.
O a: Can you lend m e som e m oney?
b: Sure. H o w m uch do you need?
som e and any w it h o u t a noun
o
o
o
I didn't take any pictures, but Jessica to o k some. (= so m e pictures)
You can have som e coffee, b ut I don't w an t any. (= any coffee)
I've just m ade som e coffee. W o uld you like som e? (= som e coffee)
'Where's yo ur luggage?' 'I don't have any.' (= any luggage)
'Are there any biscuits?' 'Yes, there are som e in the kitchen.' (= so m e biscuits)
som ething / som ebody (o r som eone)
She said som ething.
I saw som ebody (o r som eone).
W o u ld yo u like som ething to eat?
Somebody's at the door.
anything / anybody (o r anyone)
She didn't say anything.
O I didn't see anybody (or anyone).
Are you doing anything tonight?
Where's Sue? Has anybody seen her?
( a and some 4 Unit 68 somebody/ anything etc. 4 Unit 79

Exercises
W rit e so m e o r an y.
1 I b o u g h t .so m e cheese, but I didn't b u y an y. bread.
2 In the m iddle o f the room there was a table an d .................chairs.
3 There aren 't .................shops in this part o f town.
4 Gary and Alice don't h ave children.
5 Do you h ave brothers or sisters?
6 There are beautiful flo wers in the garden.
7 Do you k n o w ....................good hotels in London?
8 'W o uld you lik e tea?' 'Yes, please.'
9 W hen we were on holiday, we visit ed interesting places.
10 Don't b u y rice. W e don't n eed .................
11 I w en t o ut to b u y bananas, but they didn't h ave in the shop.
12 I'm thirsty. Can I h ave water, please?
Co m p let e t he sentences. Use so m e o r an y + the w o rd s in the box.
air ch eese h elp m ilk q u est io n s
b at t eries frien d s lang uag es p ict u res sh am p o o
1 I w ant to wash m y hair. Is t h ere an ysh am p p p ?
2 The police w ant to talk to you. They w ant to ask y o u ..............................................................................................
3 I had m y cam era, but I didn't t ak e ................................................................................................
4 Do you sp eak....................................... fo reig n.........................................................?
5 Yesterday evening I w ent to a restaurant w it h ...............................................................................................o f m ine.
6 Can I h ave............................................................................................... in m y coffee, please?
7 The radio isn't working . There aren 't ............................................................................................... in it.
8 It's hot in this office. I'm going o ut f o r.......................................fresh ..........................................................
9 a : W o u ld you lik e............................................................................................... ?
b: No, thank you. I've had enough to eat.
/ Tu I can do this jo b alone. I don't n eed ................................................................................................
€31 Co m p let e the sentences. Use so m e o r an y.
1 Kate didn't take any pictures, b u t ...\ .% Q okeg m e (I/ take)
2 'Where's yo ur luggage?' ' Ldon’t hava an y ; (l/ no t/ have)
3 'Do you need any m oney?' 'No, thank yo u...................................................................................
4 'Can you lend m e som e m oney?' 'I'm sorry, b u t ........................................................................
5 The tom atoes in the shop didn't look very good, so ..................................................................
6 There were som e nice oranges in the shop, so ................................................................................
7 'H o w m uch coffee did you d rink yesterday?' '.............................................................................
j g j W rit e so m et h in g / so m eb o d y o r an yt h in g / an yb o d y.
1 A w o m an stopped me and said ...so m et h in g ( b ut I didn't understand.
2 'W hat's wrong?’ 'There's...............................................in m y eye.'
3 Do you k n o w ...............................................about politics?
4 I w ent to the shop, but I didn't b u y .................................................
5 ................................................has broken the w ind o w . I d o n’t kno w who.
6 There isn 't ................................................in the bag. It's em pty.
7 I'm looking for m y keys. H as................................................seen them ?
8 W o u ld you lik e................................................to drink?
9 I didn't e at because I w asn’t hungry.
10 This is a secret. Please don't t e ll.................................................
(I/ have)
(l/ no t/ have)
(l/ no t/ b uy)
(I/ b uy)
(l/ no t/ d rink)
163

Unit
7 7 Anot + any no none
/
The car park is em pty.
There aren't an y cars
There are no cars
in the car park.
H o w m any cars are there in the car park?
None.
not (-n't) + any
O There aren't an y cars in the car park.
O Tracey and Jack don't have any children,
j You can have som e coffee, but I don't w ant any.
no + n ou n (no cars / no garden etc.)
no ... = not any o r not a
J There are no cars in the car park. (= there aren't any cars)
( ) W e have no coffee. (= we d o n 't have any coffee)
( ) It's a nice house, but there's no garden. (= there isn't a garden)
W e use no ... especially after have and there is/ are.
n egative verb + any = p osit ive verb + no
They don't have any children, o r They have no children.
(n o t They don't have no child ren)
There isn't any sugar in yo ur coffee, o r There's no sugar in yo ur coffee.
no and none
Use no + n ou n (no m oney / no children etc.):
W e have no money.
) Everything was O K. There were no problems.
Use none alone ( w it h o u t a no un):
'H o w m uch m o ney do you have?' 'None.' (= no m o ney)
'W ere there any problems?' 'No, none.' (= no problem s)
none and no-one
none = 0 (zero)
no-one = n obody
N one is an answer for How m uch? / How m any? (things or people):
a: How m uch m oney do you have?
B: None. (= no m o ney)
O a: H o w m any people did you meet?
b: None. (= no people)
N o-one is an answer for Who?:
a: W ho did you meet?
b: N o-one. (o r N obody.)
164 ( negatives - » Unit 43 some and any 4 Unit 76 anybody/ nobody/ nothing etc. Units 78- 79 )

Exercises
W rit e these sentences again w it h no.
1 W e don't have any m oney. We have no m oney
2 There aren't any shops near here. There are.........................
3 Carla doesn't have any free t im e.......................................................
4 There isn't a light in this ro o m ............................................................
W rit e these sentences again w it h an y.
5 W e have no money. W eJo n ;t .h ayean y.m Q .n ey;..............................................................................
6 There's no m ilk in the fridge. ...............................................................................................................................................
7 There are no buses today. ...............................................................................................................................................
8 Tom has no brothers or sisters..........................................................................................................................................................
W rit e no o r an y.
1 There's no sugar in yo ur coffee.
2 M y bro ther is m arried, but he doesn't h ave................children.
3 Sue doesn't sp eak foreign languages.
4 I'm afraid there's coffee. W o uld you like som e tea?
5 'Look at those birds!' 'Birds? W here? I can't see birds.'
6 'Do you know where Jessica is?' 'No, I h ave................idea.'
W rit e no, an y o r no ne.
7 There aren 't pictures on the wall.
8 The w eather was cold, but there w as.................wind .
9 I w anted to buy som e oranges, but they didn't h ave in the shop.
10 Everything was correct. There w ere m istakes.
11 'H o w m uch luggage do you have?' '...............'
12 'H o w m uch luggage do you have?' 'I don't h ave................'
Co m p let e t he sentences. Use an y o r no + t he w o rd s in the box.
d ifferen ce frien d s f u rn it u re h eat in g id ea
m o n ey p ro b lem s q u est io n s q ueu e
1 Everything was O K. There w ere no .p ro b lem s.......
2 Jack and Em ily w o uld like to go on holiday, but they h ave.................................................................................
3 I'm no t going to an sw er................................................................................
4 He's always alone. He h as................................................................................
5 There is.............................................................................between these t w o m achines. They're exactly the same.
6 There w asn 't ................................................................................in the room . It was com pletely em pty.
7 'Do you kno w ho w the accid ent happened?' 'No, I h ave.................................................................................'
8 The house is cold because there isn 't ................................................................................
9 W e didn't have to w ait to get o ur train tickets. There w as................................................................................
W rit e sh o rt answ ers (o n e o r t w o w o rd s) to these q uestio ns. Use n o ne w here necessary.
1 H o w m any letters did you w rite yesterday? Two. o r A lo t. o r N ona......
2 H o w m any sisters do you have?........................................................................................................................................................
3 H o w m uch coffee did you d rink yesterday? ........................................................................................................................
4 H o w m any p hotos have you taken today? ........................................................................................................................
5 H o w m any legs does a snake have?........................ ........................................................................................................................
165

not + anybody/ anyone/ anything
8 nobody/ no-one/ nothing
not + anybody/ anyone
nobody/ no-one
(for p eo p le)
not + anything
nothing
(fo r t h in g s)
O There isn’t J
anybody
I anyone
!• in the room.
O There isn't anything in the bag.
O T h e r e i s jn o b o d y l i n t h e
[ no-one J
O a: W ho is in the room?
b: N obody / N o-one.
room .
O There is nothing in the bag.
O a: W hat's in the bag?
b: N othing.
-body and -one are the same:
anybody = anyone
nobody = no-one
not + anybody/ anyone
O I d o n 't know anybody (o r anyone)
here.
not + anything
O I can't rem em ber anything.
nobody = not + anybody
no-one = not + anyone
O I'm lonely. I have nobody to talk to.
nothing = not + anything
O She said nothing
(= I don't have anybody) (= She didn't say anything.)
O The house is em pty. There is no-one in O There's nothing to eat.
it. (= There isn't anyone in it.)
(= There isn't anything to eat.)
You can use nobody/ no-one/ nothing at the beginning o f a sentence or alone (to answer a questio n):
o The house is em pty. N obody lives
O N othing happened.
there.
o 'W ho did you speak to?' 'No-one.' o ‘W h at did you say?' 'N othing'
Rem em ber:
n egative verb + anybody/ anyone/ anything
p o sitive verb + nobody/ no-one/ nothing
O
He d o esn't kno w anything. (n o t He doesn't know nothing)
D o n 't tell anybody, (n o t Don't tell no b ody)
There is nothing to do in this town, (n o t There isn't nothing )
166
( some and any 4 Unit 76 any and no 4 Unit 77 somebody/ anything/ nowhere etc. 4 Unit 79 )

Exercises
* 7 * 1 Write these sentences again with nobody/ no-one or nothing.
1 There isn't anything in the bag ...........
2 There isn't anybody in the office. There's.............................................................
3 I don't have anything to do. I ........................................ |.....
4 There isn't anything on TV. .............................................................................
5 There wasn't anyone at ho m e..........................................................................................
6 W e didn't find anything. .............................................................................
Write these sentences again with anybody/ anyone or anything.
1 There's no thing in the bag. Jh e r a jsn ’t
2 There was no b o d y on the bus. There w asn 't ...............................................
3 I have nothing to read. .............................................................................
4 I have no-one to help me. *................... ............................
5 She heard nothing. ............................................,.................................
6 W e have no thing for dinner. .............................................................................
* 7*1 Answer these questions with nobody/ no-one or nothing.
1a W hat did you say? Nothing....;.- 5a w h o knows the answer? ..................................
2a W ho saw you? Nobody, 6a W hat did you buy? :......................
3a W hat do you want? 7a W hat happened? ..............................................
4a W ho did you meet? 8a W ho was late? ..................... ..............................
N ow answer the same questions with full sentences.
Use nobody/ no-one/ nothing or anybody/ anyone/ anything:
1 b !. didn’t say anything............................ ;......................................................................................................
2b Nobody saw me,................. ’ .................................................................................................... .....................
3b I don't............................................................................................................ ....................................................
4b I .................:.................................................................................... :....................................................................
5b ............................... :................................................................................................. ...... the answer.
6b ............................................................................................... ....................................................... ......................
7b ......................
8b ......................
Complete the sentences. Use:
nobody / no-one / nothing or anybody / anyone / anything
1 That house is em pty. N obody lives there.
2 Jack has a bad m em ory. He can't rem em b er an yt h in g ......
3 Be quiet! Don't say.................................................
4 I didn't kno w ab o ut the m eeting.....................................................told me.
5 'W hat did you have to eat?' ' I wasn't hungry.'
6 I didn't e at I wasn't hungry.
7 Helen was sitting alone. She wasn't w it h .................................................
8 I'm afraid I can't help you. There's I can do.
9 I don't k n o w ...............................................ab o ut car engines.
10 The m useum is free. It doesn't co st ................................................to go in.
11 I heard a knock on the door, but when I o pened it, there w as................................................there.
12 The hotel receptionist spoke very fast. I didn't u n d erst an d .................................................
13 'W hat are you doing tonight?' '.................................................. Why?'
14 Sophie has gone away. ................................................ knows where she is. She didn't tell
................................................where she was going.
16:

Unit
7 9 somebody/ anything/ nowhere etc.
s
LONDON
Somebody (o r Someone)
has broken the w indow.
She has got som ething in
her m o uth.
Tom lives som ewhere near
London.
somebody/ someone som ething = a thing, som ewhere = in/ to
= a person, but we but w e don't know w hat a place, but we don't
don't know w ho
know where
p eo p le (-body o r -one)
somebody o r someone
anybody o r anyone
nobody o r no-one
O There is somebody (or someone) at the door.
Is there anybody (or anyone) at the door?
There isn't anybody (or anyone) at the door.
There is nobody (o r no-one) at the door.
-body and -one are the same: som ebody = someone, nobody = no-one etc.
thin gs (-thing)
som ething
anything
nothing
O Lucy said som ething but I didn't und erstand w hat she said.
O Are you doing anything at the weekend?
O I was angry, but I didn't say anything.
O 'W hat did you say?' 'Nothing.'
pla ces (-where)
som ewhere
anywhere
nowhere
O
O
Ruth's parents live som ewhere in the south o f England.
Did you go anywhere interesting for yo ur holidays?
O I'm staying here. I'm not going anywhere.
O I don't like this town. There is nowhere to go.
som ething/ anybody etc. + a d jective (big/ cheap/ interesting etc.)
O Did you m eet anybody interesting at the party?
O W e always go to the sam e place. Let's go som ewhere different.
O 'W hat's that letter?' 'It's nothing im portant.'
som ething/ anybody etc. + to ...
O I'm hungry. I w ant som ething to eat. (= so m ething that I can eat)
To ny doesn't have anybody to talk to. (= anybody that he can talk to)
There is nowhere to go in this town. (= nowhere where people can go)
168
some and any ^ Unit 76 any and no ^ Unit 77 anybody/ nothing etc. ^ Unit 78
everything/ -body/ -where ^ Unit 80

Exercises
W rite som ebody (or som eone) / som ething / som ewhere.
W rite nobody (or no- one) / nothing / nowhere.
1a
2a
3a
4a
N ow answer the same questions with full sentences.
Use not + anybody/ anything/ anyw here.
1 b (.didn’t s a y anything .,................................................ 3b
2b I'm n o t ..................................................................................... 4b
W rite som ebody/ anything/ now here etc.
1 It's dark. I can't see an yt h in g .......
2 Tom lives so m ew h ere near London.
3 Do you k n o w ........................................................... ab o ut com puters?
4 'Listen!' 'W hat? I can't h ear.................................................................'
5 'W hat are you doing here?' 'I'm waiting f o r .................................................................'
6 W e need to talk. There's.............................................................. I w ant to tell you.
7 'D id ................................................................see the accident?' 'N o ,................................................
8 W e weren't hungry, so we didn't e at ................................................................
9 'What's going to happen?' 'I don't know. ................................................................knows.'
10 'Do you k n o w in Paris?' 'Yes, a few people.'
11 'What's in that cupboard?' ' It's empty.'
12 I'm looking for m y glasses. I can't find t h e m ................................................................
13 I don't like cold weather. I w ant to live................................................................warm .
14 Is t h ere................................................................interesting on TV tonight?
15 Have you ever m e t ................................................................fam ous?
Com plete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
som ething anything nothing
som ething anyw here now here
som ew here
nowhere
do
drink
eat
park
read
sit
stay
W e don't go o ut very m uch because there's now here, t o .g o ......
There isn't any food in the house. W e don't h ave................................................................................................
I'm bored. I've g o t ................................................................................................
'W hy are you standing?' 'Because there isn 't ................................................................................................'
'W o uld you lik e............................................................................................... ?' 'Yes, please - a glass o f water.'
If you're going to the city centre, take the bus. Don't drive because there's
7 I w an t ................................................................................................ I'm going to buy a magazine.
8 I n eed ..............................................................................................in London. Can you reco m m end a hotel?

every
Every house in the street is the same.
every house in the street =
all the houses in the street
W e use every + sin g u la r n ou n (every house / every country etc.):
O Sarah has been to every country in Europe.
O
O
Every sum m er we have a holiday by the sea.
She looks different every tim e I see her.
Use a sin g u la r verb after every :
O Every house in the street is the sam e. (n o t are the sam e)
O Every country has a national flag. (n o t have)
Co m p are every and all:
o Every student in the class passed the
o All the students in the class passed
exam . the exam .
o Every country has a national flag. o All countries have a national flag.
every day and all day
every day = on all days:
all day = the com p lete day:
h ow often ?
h ow lon g?
b eg inning
end of
of t he day
t he day
EVERY DAY
< .................— ALL DAY---------------- ►
O
O
It rained every day last week.
Ben watches TV for ab o ut tw o hours
O
It rained all day yesterday.
On M onday, I watched TV all evening.
every evening. (= on all evenings)
(= the com p lete evening)
also every m orning/ night/ sum m er etc.
also all m orning/ night/ sum m er etc.
everybody (o r everyone) / everything / everyw here
everybody o r everyone O Everybody (o r Everyone) needs friends.
(p eo p le) (= all people need friends)
everything
Do you have everything you need?
(th in g s)
(= all the things you need)
everyw here
O I lost m y w atch. I've looked everyw here for it.
(p la ces) (= I've looked in all places)
Use a sin g u la r verb after everybody/ everyone/ everything:
Everybody has problem s. (n o t Everybody have)
( all Unit 81

Exercises
| Co m p let e t he sentences. Use every + these w o rd s:
d ay ro o m st u d e n t t im e w o rd
1 Ev e r y .st u d e n t in the class passed the exam .
2 M y jo b is very b oring.....................................................................is the same.
3 Kate is a very good tennis player. W hen we play, she w in s.................................................................
4 ................................................................in the hotel has free internet access and a minibar.
5 'Did you und erstand w hat she said?' 'M o st o f it, but n o t .................................................................'
U P Co m p let e t he sentences w it h every d ay o r all d ay.
1 Yesterday it rain ed M .d ay.
2 I buy a new sp ap er................................................, but som etim es I don't read it.
3 I'm no t going o ut tom orro w. I'll be at h o m e.................................................
4 I usually d rink ab o ut four cups o f co ffee.................................................
5 Paula was ill yesterday, so she stayed in b ed .................................................
6 I'm tired no w because I've been w orking h ard .................................................
7 Last year we w ent to the seaside for a week, and it rain ed .................................................
W rit e every o r all.
1 Bill w atches TV for ab o ut t w o h o u rs every evening.
2 Julia gets up at 6.30.......................m orning.
3 The w eather was nice yesterday, so we sat o u t sid e.......................afternoon.
4 I'm going away on M onday. I'll be aw ay.........................week.
5 a : Ho w often do you go skiing?
b: .........................year. Usually in M arch.
6 a : W ere you at hom e at 10 o'clock yesterday?
b: Yes, I was at h o m e.........................m orning. I w ent o ut after lunch.
7 M y sister loves new cars. She buys o n e.........................year.
8 I saw Sam at the party, but he didn't speak to m e .......................evening.
9 W e go away on holiday for t w o or three w eeks.......................sum m er.
W rit e every b o d y/ every t h i n g / every w h ere.
1 Everyb o d y needs friends.
2 Chris k n o w s................................................................ab o ut co m p uters.
3 I like the people here.....................................................................is very friendly.
4 This is a nice hotel. It's com fortab le an d is very clean.
5 Kevin never uses his car. He g o es................................................................by m o torcycle.
6 Let's get so m ething to eat.....................................................................is hungry.
7 Sue's house is full o f books. There are b o o ks.................................................................
8 You are right yo u say is true.
Co m p let e t he sentences. Use o ne w o rd o n ly each tim e.
1 Everyb o d y h a s problem s.
2 Are you ready yet? Everyb o d y...............................waiting for you.
3 The house is em pty. Everyo n e...............................gone o ut.
4 Gary is very popular. Everyb o d y...............................him .
5 This to w n is co m p letely different now. Everyt h in g ...............................changed.
6 I got hom e very late last night. I cam e in quietly because everyo n e................................ asleep.
7 Everyb o d y.................................mistakes!
8 a : ................................ everything clear?..................................everyb ody kno w w hat to do?
b: Yes, w e all und erstand.

Unit
all
Com pare:
most some any no/ none
children/ m oney/ books etc. (in general): the children / the m o ney / these books e t c :
o Children like playing.
O W here are the children?
(= children in general) (= o ur child ren)
o M oney isn't everything.
O I w ant to buy a car, but I don't have
(= m oney in general) the money. (= the m o ney for a car)
o I enjoy reading books.
O Have you read these books?
o Everybody needs friends.
O I often go o ut w ith m y friends.
m ost / m ost o f ..., som e / som e o f ... e t c
all
m ost
som e any no / none / not + any
m ost/ som e e t c + noun
m ost of/ some of e t c + the/ this/ m y . .. e t c
all
m ost
som e
any
no
cities
children
books
m oney
all
m ost
som e
any
none
(of)
the ...
t h is/ t h at ...
of these/ those ...
m y/ your... etc.
O
O
M ost children like playing.
(= children in general)
I don't w ant any money.
O Som e books are better than others.
O
He has no friends.
O All cities have the sam e problem s.
(= cities in general)
Do not use of in these sentences:
O M ost people drive too fast.
(n o t M o st o f people)
O Som e birds can't fly.
(n o t Som e o f birds)
O M ost of the children at this school
O
O
O
are und er 11 years old.
I don't w an t any of this money.
Som e of these books are very old.
N one of my friends live near me.
You can say all the ... or all of the ... (w ith or
w it h o u t of):
O All the students in our class passed
the exam , (o r All of the students . . .)
O Am y has lived in London all her life,
(o r... all of her life.)
all of it / m ost of them / none of us etc.
all
m ost
som e
any
none
of
it
them
us
you
O You can have som e of this cake, but not all of it.
O a : D o you know those people?
b: M ost of them , but not all of them .
O Som e of us are going o ut tonight. W h y don't you co m e w ith us?
O I have a lot o f books, but I haven't read any of them .
O 'H o w m any o f these books have you read?'
'N one of them.'
the ... (children / the children etc.) Unit 72 some and any ^ Unit 76 no/ none/ any ^ Unit 77
all and every Unit 80______________________________________________________________________________________

Exercises
^ Q Q | Com plete the sentences. Use the word in brackets (so m e/ m o st etc.). Som etim es you need o f
(so m e o f / m o st o f etc.).
1 M o st children like playing, (m o st )
2 So m e o f this m o ney is yours, (so m e)
3 .......................................people never stop talking, (so m e)
4 .......................................the shops in the city centre close at 6.30. (m o st )
5 .......................................people have m obile phones these days, (m o st )
6 I don't lik e........................................the pictures in the living room , (an y)
7 He's lo st ........................................ his m oney, (all)
8 .......................................m y friends are m arried, (n o n e)
9 Do you k n o w .......................................the people in this picture? (an y)
10 .......................................birds can fly. (m o st )
11 I en jo yed the film , but I didn't like the ending, (m o st )
12 .......................................sports are very dangerous, (so m e)
13 W e can't find anywhere to stay. .......................................the hotels are full, (all)
14 You m ust h ave.......................................this cheese. It's delicious, (so m e)
15 The w eather was bad when we were on holiday. It rain ed ........................................the tim e, (m o st )
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use:
" 0 © (3) i • * •
.iitit*
a f « ft « a a
Itltlll’
litiitf I y
V
H o w m any o f the people are wom en?
all/ m o st / so m e/ n o n e h o f t h e m / o f it
Itfi
i m *
m i
l i t *
m m m m
1 f if
nit
A n * ©
H o w m any o f the boxes are on the table?
H o w m any o f the m en are wearing hats?
H o w m any o f the w ind o w s are open?
H o w m any o f the people are standing?
H o w m uch o f the m o ney is Ben's?
(5) * A *
IP
f t B B
s
I\ B
M o o t o f t h em .
Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences that are wrong.
ill n
Hi)
1 I'ke playing.
2 All the students failed the exam .
3 Som e o f people w o rk too hard.
4 Som e o f questions in the exam were very easy.
5 I haven't seen any o f those people before.
6 All o f insects have six legs.
7 Have you read all these books?
8 M o st o f students in our class are very nice.
9 M o st o f m y friends are going to the party.
10 I'm very tired this m orning - I was awake m ost o f night.
M o s t ch ild r en ..
OK

Un it
8 2 both either neither
W e use both/ either/ neither to talk ab o ut t w o things or people:
or
both either neither (not + either)
O Rebecca has t w o children. Both are m arried. (both = the t w o child ren)
O W o uld you like tea or coffee? You can have either, (either = tea or coffee)
O a: Do you want to go to the cinema or the theatre?
b: N either. I w ant to stay at hom e, (neither = not the cinem a or the theatre)
Co m p are either and neither:
O 'W o uld you like tea or cofFee?'
'Either. I don't mind.' (= tea or coffee)
'I don't w ant either.' (n o t I don't w an t neither)
'Neither.' (= not tea or coffee)
both/ either/ neither + n ou n
both
+ p lu ra l
both
w indow s/ books/ children etc.
either
neither
■ + sin g u la r
either
neither
w indow / book/ child etc.
O Last year I w ent to Paris and Rom e. I liked both cities very m uch.
O First I worked in an office, and later in a shop. N either job was very interesting.
O There are t w o ways from here to the station. You can go either way.
both o f ... / either o f ... / neither o f ..
both (Of) t h e ...
either
neither
of
t hese/ t ho se...
m y/ your/ Paul's... etc.
O N either of m y parents is British.
O I haven't read either of these books.
You can say both of the/ those/ m y ... or both the/ those/ m y ... (w ith or w it ho u t of):
O I like both of those pictures, o r
O
I like both those pictures.
Both of Paul's sisters are m arried, o r
Both Paul's sisters are m arried.
b u t O N either of Paul's sisters is m arried. (n o t N either Paul's sisters)
both of them / neither of us
both them
either of us
neither you
O
O
Paul has t w o sisters. Both of them are m arried.
Sue and I didn't eat anything. N either of us was hungry.
W h o are those two people? I don't know either of them .
174 ( I can't either / neither can I - 4 Unit 42

Exercises
g g g W rite both/ either/ neither. Use of where necessary.
9
10
11
12
13
14
Last year I w ent to Paris and Rom e. I liked both cities very m uch.
There were t w o pictures on the wall. I didn't lik e e it h er.g f them .
It was a good football m atch
team s played well.
It wasn't a good football m atch.............................................team played well.
'Is yo ur friend English or Am erican?' '......................................... She's Australian.'
W e w ent away for t w o days, but the w eather wasn't good. It rain ed ........................................days.
a : I bought t w o newspapers. W hich one do you want?
b : ......................................... It doesn't m atter w h i c h one.
I invited Sam and Chris to the party, b u t ...................................... them cam e.
'Do you go to w o rk by car or by bus?' ' I always walk.'
'W hich jacket do you prefer, this one or that one?' 'I don't lik e........................................ them.'
'Do you w o rk or are y o u a student?' '................. I w o rk and I'm a student too.'
M y friend and I w ent to the cinem a, b u t ...........................................us liked the film . It was really bad.
Helen has two sisters and a brother. ........................................sisters are m arried.
Helen has t w o sisters and a brother. I've m et her brother, but I haven't m e t .......................................
her sisters.
Com plete the sentences for the pictures. Use Both ... and N eit h er. . . .
d )
©
fj if
T
m 1
An sw ek^
27+18-47
V H & 7 7
1 Bo t h cu p s.are..................................................em pty. 4
2 ....................................................................................are open. 5
3 .........................................................................wearing a hat. 6
beards.
. to the airport.
correct.
A man and a wom an answered some questions. Their answers were the same. W rite sentences
with Both/ N either of them ....
\ \ 0 * %
’'USM 'i T| S i
j '-r , ,,
1 Are you m arried? No N o ------
2 H o w old are you? 21 21 ------
3 Are you a student? Yes Yes------ ►
4 Do you have a car? No No
5 W here do yo u live? London London
6 Do you like cooking? Yes Yes
7 Can you play the piano? No No
8 Do you eat seafood? Yes Yes
9 Are you interested in No No
sport?
..N ejt h ero f
d o t h o f t h em are 2 1 .
. students.
a car.

Unit
8 3 a lot much many
i t a t
a lot of m oney not m uch m oney a lot of books not m any books
W e use m uch + u n co u n t a b le n ou n
W e use m any + p lu ra l n ou n
(m uch food / m uch m oney etc.): (m any books / m any people etc.):
o Did you buy m uch food?
0 Did you buy m any books?
o W e don't have m uch luggage. 0 W e don't know m any people.
o Ho w m uch m oney do you want? 0 H o w m any photos did you take?
0 a: Do you have any money? O a: Did you take any photos?
b: I have som e, but not m uch. b: I took som e, but not many.
W e use a lot of + b o t h typ es o f n ou n :
o W e bought a lot of food.
o Paula doesn't have a lot of free tim e.
W e say:
O There is a lot o f food/ m oney/ w ater ...
(sin g u la r verb)
0 W e bought a lot of books.
O Did they ask a lot of questions?
0 There are a lot o f trees/ shops/
people ... (p lu ra l verb)
0 A lot o f people speak English.
(n o t speaks)
......................
W e use m uch in qu estion s and n egative sen ten ces:
O
O
Do you d rink m uch coffee?
I don't d rink m uch coffee.
But we do not often use m uch in p osit ive sen t en ces:
O
I d rink a lot of coffee, (n o t I d rink m uch coffee)
'Do you d rink m uch coffee?'
'Yes, a lot.' (n o t Yes, m u ch)
W e use m any and a lot of in all types o f sentences (positive/ negative/ question):
O W e have m any friends / a lot of friends.
O W e don't have m any friends / a lot of friends.
0 Do you have m any friends / a lot of friends?
You can use m uch and a lot w it h o u t a noun:
0 Am y spoke to me, but she didn't say m uch.
'Do you w atch TV much?'
'No, not much.' (= not often)
) W e like film s, so we go to the cinem a a lot. (n o t go to the cinem a m uch)
I don't like him very m uch.
1 7 6 I ( countable/ uncountable Units 67- 68

Exercises
W rite m uch or many.
1 Did you b u y m uch food?
2 There aren 't .........................hotels in this town.
3 W e don't h ave.......................petrol. W e need to stop and get som e.
4 W ere t h ere........................people on the train?
5 D id ................stud ents fail the exam ?
6 Paula doesn't h ave.......................m oney.
7 I wasn't hung ry so I didn't e at ..........................
8 I don't kno w where Gary lives.these days. I haven't seen him f o r .........................years.
W rite How m uch or H ow many.
9..........................................................................people are com ing to the party?
10..........................................................................m ilk do you w an t in yo ur coffee?
11 .....................................................................bread did you buy?
12..........................................................................players are there in a football team ?
{ g g Com plete the sentences. Use m uch or m any with these words:
books countries luggage people tim e tim es
1 I don't read very m uch. I don't h ave m an y.b o o ks
2 Hurry up! W e don't h ave................................................................................................................
3 Do you travel a lot? Have you been t o ..........................................................................................................
4 Tina hasn't lived here very long, so she doesn't k n o w ...........................................................................
5 'Do you h ave...............................................................................................................?' 'No, only this bag.'
6 I kno w To kyo well. I've been t h ere................................................................................................................
Com plete the sentences. Use a lot of + these words:
accidents books fun interesting things traffic
1 I like reading. I h ave a Jo t o f books...............................................................................................................
2 W e enjoyed o ur visit to the m useum . W e saw .........................................................................................
3 This road is very dangerous. There are...........................................................................................................
4 W e enjoyed o ur holiday. W e h ad ......................................................................................................................
5 It to o k m e a long tim e to drive here. There w a s......................................................................................
^ 2 2 1 In some of these sentences m uch is not natural. Change the sentences or write O K.
1 Do you d rink m uch coffee? OK..................................................................
2 I d rink m uch tea. a Jo t o f t e a ...............................................
3 It was a cold winter. W e had m uch sno w ...............................................................................................
4 There wasn't m uch sno w last winter. .........................................................................
5 It costs m uch m oney to travel around the w o rld ................................................................................
6 W e had a cheap holiday. It didn't cost m u ch. .........................................................................
7 Do you kno w m uch ab o ut com puters? .........................................................................
8 'Do you have any luggage?' 'Yes, m u ch.' .........................................................................
m g W rit e sentences ab o ut these peo p le. Use m uch and a lot.
1 Jam es loves film s, (go to the cinem a) H e.g o es.t o t h e cm em a a lo t,..
2 N icola thinks TV is boring, (w atch TV ) d o e sn ' t w at eh.Ty.m uch,..
3 Tina is a good tennis player, (play tennis) Sh e...............................................................
4 M ark doesn't like driving, (use his car) H e ................................................................
5 Paul spends m ost o f the tim e at hom e, (go o ut) .........................................................................
6 Sue has been all over the world, (travel) .........................................................................

Unit
8 4 (a) little (a) few
(a) little + u n co u n t a b le n o u n :
(a) little w ater
(a) little tim e
(a) little m oney
(a) little soup
(a) few + p lu ra l n o u n :
(a) few books
(a) few questions
(a) few people
(a) few days
a little w ater
a few books
a little =- som e but not m uch
a few = som e but not m any
O She didn't eat anything, but she d rank
a little water.
o 1speak a little Spanish.
Excuse me, 1have to m ake a few
° phone calls.
o We're going away for a few days.
(= som e Spanish but not m uch) o 1speak a few w ords o f Spanish.
o a : Can you speak Spanish?
o a : Are there any shops near here?
b: A little. b: Yes, a few.
X little (w it ho ut a) = nearly no or nearly
nothing
O There was little food in the fridge.
It was nearly em pty.
You can say very little:
O Dan is very thin because he eats very
little. (= nearly no thing )
Xf ew (w it h o u t a) = nearly no
O There were few people in the theatre.
It was nearly em pty.
You can say very few:
O Yo ur English is very good. You m ake
very few m istakes.
Co m p are little and a little:
They have a little m oney, so they're
not poor. (= they have som e m o ney)
They have little m oney. They are very
poor. (= nearly no m o ney)
Co m p are few and a few:
I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.
(= I have som e friends)
I'm sad and I'm lonely. I have few
friends. (= nearly no friends)
[ 1have little | f 1have a few |
1 money. J 1 friends. J
m m m m m m
178 ^ co u n t ab le/ un co u n t ab le ^ Units 67-68
)

Exercises
CD
Answer the questions with a little or a few.
1 'Do you have any m oney?' 'Yes, a jit t le ;
2 'Do you have any envelopes?' 'Yes,.........................................'
3 'Do you w ant sugar in yo ur coffee?' 'Yes,........................................, please.'
4 'Did you take any photos when you were on holiday?' 'Yes,..................
5 'Does yo ur friend speak English?' 'Yes,.......................................
6 'Are there any good restaurants in this town?' 'Yes,.....................................
W rite a little or a few + these words:
chairs days fresh air friends m ilk Russian tim es years
1 M ark speaks Italian well. He lived in Italy f o r a few .y e a r s......
2 Can I h ave..............................................................................................in m y coffee, please?
3 'W hen did Am y go away?' '...............................................................................................ago.'
4 'Do you speak any foreign languages?' 'I can sp eak...........................................................................................
5 'Are you going o ut alone?' 'No, I'm going w it h ............................................................................................... .'
6 'Have you ever been to M exico?' 'Yes,................................................................................................'
7 There wasn't m uch furniture in the room - just a table an d ...........................................................................
8 I'm going o ut for a walk. I n eed ................................................................................................
Com plete the sentences. Use very little or very few + these words:
coffee hotels -mistakes^ people rain tim e w ork
1 Yo ur English is very good. You m ake y e n / f e w .m ist ak e s......
2 I d rin k ................................................................................................. I prefer tea.
3 The w eather here is very d ry in sum m er. There is................................................................................................
4 It's d ifficult to find a place to stay in this town. There are................................................................................
5 H urry up. W e h ave................................................................................................
6 The to w n is very quiet at night................................................................................................. go out.
7 Som e people in the office are very lazy. They d o ................................................................................................
W rite little / a little or few / a few.
1 There w as food in the fridge. It was nearly em pty.
2 'W hen did Sarah go out?' ' m inutes ago.'
3 I can't decide now. I n eed ........................................ tim e to think ab o ut it.
4 There w as........................................traffic, so w e arrived earlier than we expected .
5 The bus service isn't very good at night - there are buses after 9 o'clock.
6 'W o uld you like som e soup?' 'Yes, , please.'
7 I'd like to practise m y English m ore, but I h ave.......................................opportunity.
Right or wrong? Change the sentences where necessary. W rite O K if the sentence is correct.
1 We're going away fo^ fewjdays next week. fQ _La .few .d a y e...................................
2 Everybody needs little luck....................................................................................................................................................
3 I can't talk to you no w - I have few things to do.....................................................................................................
4 I eat very little m eat - I don't like it very m uch.........................................................................................................
5 Excuse me, can I ask you few questions?.......................................................................................................................
6 There were little people on the bus - it was nearly em pty. .........................................................................
7 M ark is a very private person. Few people know him well................................................................................

Unit
8 5 old/ nice/ interesting et c (adjectives)
a d ject ive + n ou n (nice day / blue eyes etc.)
a d ject ive + noun
It's a nice
Laura has brown
There's a very old
Do you like Italian
1don't speak any foreign
There are som e beautiful yellow
day today.
eyes.
bridge in this village.
food?
languages.
flowers in the garden.
H ie ad jective is before the noun:
Tliey live in a m odern house. (n o t a house m o d ern)
O Have you m et any fam ous people? (n o t people fam ous)
The ending o f an ad jective is always the same:
a different place
different places (n o t differents)
be (am / is/ was etc.) + a d jective
O The w eather is nice today.
O These flowers are very beautiful.
O Are you cold? Shall I close the w ind o w ?
I'm hungry. Can I have som ething to eat?
The film w asn't very good. It was boring.
O Please be quiet. I'm reading.
Q m h u n g r y )
look/ feel/ sm ell/ taste/ sound + adject ive
You look tired7^
(Yo u sound happy7
It smells g o o d .')
I tired.
It t ast es good.
O
a : Yo u look tired.
b: Yes, I feel tired.
Joe told m e ab out his new job. It sounds very interesting.
I'm not going to eat this fish. It doesn't sm ell good.
Com pare:
is
He feels tired.
looks
are
They look happy.
sound
It
is
sm ells
tastes
good.
( get + adjective (get hungry/ tired etc.) Unit 56 som ething/ anybody + adjective Unit 79

Exercises
Put the words in the right order.
1 (new / live in / house / they / a)
2 (like / jacket / 1/ that / green)
3 (m usic / like / do / classical / you?)
4 (had / w ond erful / a / 1/ holiday)
5 (w ent to / restaurant / a / Japanese / w e)
i.
D o .
The words in the box are adjectives (black/ foreign etc.) or nouns (air/ job etc.). Use an adjective
and a noun to com plete each sentence.
air
clouds foreign holiday job languages sharp
black dangerous fresh hot knife long w ater
1 Do you speak an y fprai^ n lang uag es ?
2 Look at t h o se......................................................................................... It's going to rain.
3 Sue w orks very hard, and she's very tired. She needs a ........................................................
4 I w o uld like to have a shower, but there's n o ..............................................................................
5 Can you open the w ind o w ? W e need so m e.............................................................................
6 I need a .......................................................................................to cut these onions.
7 Fire-fighting is a .........................................................................................
W rite sentences for the pictures. Choose from the boxes.
feel(s) look(s) sound(s) happ y ill nice
look(s) sm ell(s) taste(s) horrible new surprised
0 h ) ra
( y o u ....so und h ap p y......)
o ..................................................... ) 0 .......................................................)
y / s k * • 5 •
m
(TT)
GD
@ ( y o u ...............................................) T i t .....................................................)
; V I
,0"*
M . O
C f
A and B don't agree. Com plete B's sentences. Use feel/ look etc.
A w ___________________________________ SL B
You look tired. Do I? I don’t feel t i r e d .
(feel)
This is a new coat.
I'm Am erican.
You look cold.
These bags are heavy.
Th at soup looks good.
Is it? It d o esn 't .......................
Are you? Yo u .........................
Do I? I .........................................
Are they? Th e y .....................
M aybe, but i t ..........................
(lo o k)
(so und )
(feel)
(lo o k)
(taste)

Unit
8 6 quickly/ badly/ suddenly etc. (adverbs)
He ate his d inner very quickly.
Suddenly the shelf fell down.
Q uickly and suddenly are adverbs.
a d ject ive + -ly —> adverb:
adjective quick bad sudden careful heavy
a d ver b quickly badly suddenly carefully heavily etc.
Spellin g (- > Ap p en d ix 5): easy —> easily heavy —> heavily
Ad verb s tell you h o w so m ething happens or h o w so m eb o d y does som ething:
O
The train stopped suddenly.
I opened the door slowly.
Please listen carefully. \ |
I understand you perfectly.
Com pare:
It's raining heavily
a d ject ive
O Sue is very quiet.
O Be careful!
O It was a bad game.
O I felt nervous.
(= I was nervous)
a d ver b
Sue speaks very quietly. (n o t speaks very q uiet)
O Listen carefully! (n o t listen careful)
O O u r team played badly. (n o t played bad)
I w aited nervously.
_ ^ J
hard fast late early
These words are ad jectives a n d adverbs:
O Sue's jo b is very hard.
O Ben is a fast runner.
O The bus w as late/ early.
O Sue w orks very hard, (n o t hardly)
O Ben can run fast.
O I w ent to bed late/ early.
' " V ; J
D good (a d ject ive) —> well (a d ver b )
Yo ur English is very good. O You speak English very well, (n o t very good)
) It was a good game. O u r team played well.
But well is also an a d jective (= no t ill, in good health):
'How are you?'
'I'm very well, thank you. And you?'
182 ( adjectives Unit 85
3

Exercises
H H Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences with these adverbs:
angrily badly dangerously fast heavily quietly
1 It's rain in g heavily.......................................................... 4 She shouted at m e .
2 He sings v e ry ........................................................................ 5 She can run v e ry .....
3 They cam e in ....................................................................... 6 He was d rivin g .........
Com plete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
com e know sleep w in carefully clearly hard well
explain listen think w ork carefully easily quickly well
1 I'm going to tell you som ething very im p o rtant, so p lease li.st an .canefu jjy
2 Th e y ................................................................................ A t the end o f the day they're always tired.
3 I'm tired this m orning. I d id n 't ................................................................................last night.
4 You play tennis m uch better than me. W hen we play, you always
C 9
5 ................................................................................before you answer the question.
6 I've m et Alice a few tim es, but I d o n 't her v e ry .......................................
7 O u r teacher d o esn 't ........................................ things v e ry ......................................... W e never und erstand him .
8 Helen! I need yo ur help......................................................................................!
W h ich is right?
1 Don't eat so q uick- / q uickly. It's not good for you. (q uickly is rig h t)
2 W h y are you angry/ angrily? I haven't done anything.
3 Can you speak slow/ slowly, please?
4 Co m e on, Dave! W h y are yo u always so slo w / slo w ly?
5 Sam is a very careful/ carefully driver.
6 Am y is studying hard/ hardly for her exam inations.
7 'Where's Anna?' 'She was here, but she left sud d en/ sud denly.'
8 Please be q uiet/ quietly. I'm studying.
9 Som e com panies pay their workers very bad/ badly.
10 Tho se oranges look nice/ nicely. Can I have one?
11 I don't rem em b er m uch ab o ut the accident. Everything happened quick/ q uickly.
W rit e good o r well.
1 Yo ur English is v e r y g o o d You speak it v e r y wajj.......
2 Jackie did v e ry .........................in her exam s.
3 The party was v e r y ........................... I enjoyed it very m uch.
4 M ark has a d ifficult job, but he does i t .........................
5 H o w are yo ur parents? Are t h e y .........................?
6 Did you have a .........................holiday? W as the w eat h er.........................?

older/ heavier et c
Short words (1 syllable) —> -er:
old —» older slow —> slower
nice —> nicer late —> later
cheap —> cheaper
big - » bigger
Spellin g (—> Ap p en d ix 5): big —> bigger ho t —> h o tter
thin —> thinner
W ords ending in -y —> -ier:
easy —> easier heavy —> heavier early —> earlier
Rom e is old, but Athens is older. (n o t m ore old)
O Is it cheaper to go by car or by train? (n o t m ore cheap)
O Helen w ants a bigger car.
O This coat is O K, but I t hink the o ther one is nicer.
O Don't take the bus. It's easier to take a taxi. (n o t m ore easy)
far
- » further:
O a: H o w far is it to the station? A mile?
b: No, it's further. A b o u t t w o miles.
m ore
Long words (2/ 3/ 4 syllables) —» m ore ...
careful —> m ore careful
expensive —> m ore expensive
polite —> m ore polite
interesting —» m ore interesting
C You m ust be m ore careful.
O I don't like m y job. I w ant to do som ething m ore interesting.
O Is it m ore expensive to go by car or by train?
good/ well —> better
bad —> w orse
O The w eather wasn't very good yesterday, but it's better today.
O 'Do you feel better today?' 'No, I feel worse.'
W hich is w orse - a headache or a toothache?
184 [ older than ... / more expensive than ... Unit 88 the oldest / the m ost expensive Unit 90

Exercises
m m Look at the pictures and write the comparative (older / m ore interesting etc.).
W rite the comparative.
old
strong
happy
m odern
im p o rtant
older
9
10
good
large
serious
pretty
cro w d ed
W rite the opposite.
1 younger older better 4
2 colder
3 cheaper
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
5
6
nearer
easier
Com plete the sentences. Use a comparative.
1 Helen's car isn't very big. She w ants a b ig g er one.
2 M y job isn't very interesting. I w ant to do so m et h in g f f l o r e j n t e r e e t i n g ......
3 You're not very tall. Yo ur brother is................................................................................
4 David doesn't w o rk very hard. I w o r k ................................................................................
5 M y chair isn't very com fortable. Yours is................................................................................
6 Yo ur idea isn't very good. M y idea is................................................................................
7 These flowers aren't very nice. The blue ones are.............................................................................
8 M y bag isn't very heavy. Yo ur bag is................................................................................
9 I'm not very interested in art. I'm in history.
10 It isn't very w arm today. It w as................................................................................yesterday.
11 These tom atoes don't taste very good. The other ones tasted
12 Britain isn't very big. France is................................................................................
13 London isn't very beautiful. Paris is................................................................................
14 This knife isn't very sharp. Have you got a ................................................................................one?
15 People today aren't very polite. In the past they w ere..................................................................
16 The w eather isn't too bad today. Often it is m u ch .........................................................................

Unit
8 8 older than ... more expensive than
^ / j ’m taller than you/ )
£150
£130
£ 1 2 0
£ H 5
She's taller than him .
The Europa Hotel is m ore expensive than the Gran d
W e use than after com paratives (older than ... / m ore expensive than ... etc.):
O Athens is older than Rom e.
O Are oranges m ore expensive than bananas?
O It's easier to take a taxi than to take the bus.
O 'H o w are you today?' 'N o t bad. Better than yesterday.'
O The restaurant is m ore crow ded than usual.
W e usually say: than m e / than him / than her / than us / than them .
You can say:
O I can run faster than him. o r I can run faster than he can.
O You are a better singer than me. o r You are a better singer than I am.
O I got up earlier than her. o r I got up earlier than she did.
m ore/ less than ...
O a: H o w m uch did yo ur shoes cost? £60?
b: No, m ore than that. (= m ore than £60)
O The film was very sho rt - less than an hour.
O They have m ore m oney than they need.
O You go o ut m ore than me.
60-
■ 50-
4 0 -
MORETHAN 50
LESS THAN 50
a bit older / m uch older etc.
Box A is a bit bigger than Box B. Box C is m uch bigger than Box D.
a bit
m uch
bigger
older
better
m ore d ifficult
than
Canad a is m uch bigger than France.
Sue is a bit older than Joe - she's 25 and he's 24.
The hotel was m uch m ore expensive than I
expected .
m ore expensive
O
You go o ut m uch m ore than me.
186 ( old —» older, expensive —> more expensive - » Unit 87 not as... as - » Unit 89

Exercises
g y W rite sentences about Kate and Ben. Use than.
jKate
Ben
■ \
1 I'm 26.
2 I'm not a very good swim m er.
3 I'm 1 m etre 68 tall.
4 I start w o rk at 8 o'clock.
5 I don't w o rk very hard.
6 I don't have m uch m oney.
7 I'm a very good driver.
8 I'm not very patient.
9 I'm not a very good dancer.
10 I'm very intelligent.
11 I speak French very well.
12 I don't go to the cinem a very m uch.
r
1 I'm 24.
2 I'm a very good swim m er.
3 I'm 1 m etre 63 tall.
4 I start w o rk at 8.30.
5 I w o rk very hard.
6 I have a lot o f m oney.
7 I'm not a very good driver.
8 I'm very patient.
9 I'm a good dancer.
10 I'm no t very intelligent.
11 I don't speak French very well.
12 I go to the cinem a a lot.
Kat e [ so l d e r than.J3.en................................................
Be n j s . a . b e l t a r . ^ ..................
Kate is........................................................................................
Kate st art s.......................................................................Ben.
Be n ...............................................................................................
Ben h as......................................................................................
Kate is a .
Ben ..........
Ben ..........
10 Kat e.
11 Kate
12 Ben ...
Com plete the sentences. Use than.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
He isn't very tall. Yo u 're M iter, t h an him .(OR t alle r t h an .h a.js}..
She isn't very old. Yo u 're..........................................................................................
I don't w o rk very hard. You w o r k ......................................................................
He doesn't w atch TV very m uch. Yo u ...........................................................
I'm no t a very good cook. Yo u ............................................................................
W e don't kno w m any people. Yo u ...................................................................
They don't have m uch m oney. Yo u .................................................................
I can't run very fast. You c a n ................................................................................
She hasn't been here very long. Yo u ................................................................
They didn't get up very early. Yo u .....................................................................
He wasn't very surprised. Yo u .............................................................................
^ 2 3 1 Com plete the sentences with a bit or m uch + comparative (older/ better etc.).
1 Em m a is 25. Joe is 24^ .
Em m a i.s.a.b it o ld er t h a n Jo e ..........................................................................................................
2 Jack's m o ther is 52. His father is 69.
Jack's m o t h er...................................................................................................................................................
3 M y cam era cost £120. Yours cost £112.
M y cam era........................................................................................................................................................
4 Yesterday I felt terrible. Today I feel O K.
I feel.......................................................................................................................................................................
5 Today the tem perature is 12 degrees. Yesterday it was 10 degrees.
It 's...........................................................................................................................................................................
6 Sarah is an excellent tennis player. I'm not a very good player.
Sarah .....................................................................................................................................................................

not as
not
She's old, but she's n o t as o ld as he is. Box A isn't as big as Box B.
O Rom e is not as old as Athens.
(= Athens is older)
O The Grand Hotel isn't as expensive as the Europa.
(= the Europa is more expensive)
O I don't play tennis as often as you.
(= you play more often)
O The w eather is better than it was yesterday. It isn't as cold.
(= as cold as it was yesterday)
B not as much as ... / not as many as ..
O I don't have as much money as you. (= you've got more money)
J
O I don't know as many people as you. (= you know more people)
O I don't go o ut as much as you. (= you go o ut more)
c ' Co m p are not as ... as and than:
D
J
J
O Rom e is not as old as Athens.
Athens is older than Rom e. (n o t older as Rom e)
O Tennis isn't as popular as football.
Football is more popular than tennis.
O I don't go o ut as much as you.
You go o ut more than me.
W e usually say: as me / as him / as her etc.
You can say:
■IkO I
O She's not as old as him. o r She's not as old as he is.
O You don't w o rk as hard as me. o r You don't w o rk as hard as I do.
W e say the same as ...
O The w eather today is the same as yesterday.
O M y hair is the same colour as yours.
arrived at the same time as Tom .
188 [ m uch/ m any 4 Unit 83 older than ... / more expensive than ^ Unit 88

Exercises
j a m Look at the pictures and write sentences about A, B and C.
1 A is big ger t h an C,. b u t .n o t as.bjg. a.5.B...........................
2 A is................................................................................B, but n o t ........
3 C is............................................................................................... A, b u t .
4 A is , b u t .....
5 B has g o t ...................................................................................................
6 C w o rk s....................................................................................................
,.C
jppwnr
W rite sentences with as ... as . . . .
1 Athens is older than Rom e.
2 M y room is bigger than yours.
3 You got up earlier than me.
4 W e played better than them .
5 I've been here longer than you.
6 She's m ore nervous than him .
Ro m e....
Yo ur room isn 't ....................................
I d id n 't ........................................................
Th e y ............................................................
Yo u ..............................................................
H e .................................................................
W rite as or than.
1 Athen s is o ld er t h an Rom e. 5 Joe isn't as intellig en t.........................he thinks.
2 I don't w atch TV as m u ch ........................ you. 6 Belgium is sm aller.........................Switzerland.
3 You eat m ore me. 7 Brazil isn’t as b ig .........................Canad a.
4 I'm m ore tired - to d ay.........................I was yesterday. 8 I can't w ait lo ng er.........................an hour.
jggi Com plete the sentences about Julia, Andy and Laura. Use the sam e age / the sam e street etc.
I'm 22.
I live in Hill Street.
I got up at 7.15.
I don't have a car.
iW
f: i • ' >
Andy
I'm 24.
I live in Baker Street,
I got up at 7.15.
My car is dark blue.
Laura
I'm 24.
I live in Hill Street,
got up at 7.45.
have a car. It's dark blue.
A n d y j s t h e . s o m e a . g a a s . . y u r a . .
2 (street)
3 (t im e)
4 (co lo ur)
Julia lives.........................................................
Julia got u p ....................................................
A n d y's..............................................................

Unit
9 0 the oldest the most expensive
HOTEL PRICES IN KINTON
( P e r r o o m p e r n i g h t )
Europa Hotel £150 Grosvenor £110
Grand Hotel £130 Bennets £100
Royal £120 Carlton £98
Astoria £115 Star £85
Palace £115 Station £75
Box A is bigger than Box B.
Box A is bigger than all the
o ther boxes.
Box A is the biggest box.
The Europa Hotel is m ore expensive than the Grand .
The Europa Hotel is m ore expensive than all the o ther
hotels in the city.
The Europa Hotel is the m ost expensive hotel in the
city.
Bigger and m ore expensive etc. are co m p a r a t ive form s (—> Unit 87).
Biggest and m ost expensive etc. are su p erla t ive form s.
The superlative form is -est (oldest) or m o st ... (m ost expensive).
Short words (old/ cheap/ nice etc.) —» the -est:
old —> the oldest cheap —» the cheapest
b u t good —> the best bad —» the w orst
nice —> the nicest
Spelling (—> Ap p en d ix 5): big —> the biggest ho t —> the ho ttest
W ords ending in -y (easy/ heavy etc.) —> the -iest:
easy —> the easiest heavy —> the heaviest pretty —» the prettiest
Long word s (careful/ expensive/ interesting etc.) —> the m o st ...
careful —> the m ost careful interesting - » the m ost interesting
R m
W e say the o ld est ... / the m ost expensive ... etc. (w ith the):
O The church is very old. It's the oldest building in the town.
(= it is older than all the o ther buildings)
O W h at is the longest river in the world?
O M o ney is im p o rtant, but it isn't the m ost im portant thing in life.
O Excuse me, where is the nearest bank?
You can use the oldest / the best / the m ost expensive etc. w it h o u t a noun:
O Luke is a good player, but he isn't the best in the team.
(the best = the best player)
You can use su p erla t ive + I've ever ... / you've ever ... e t c.:
O The film was very bad. I t hink it's the w orst film I've ever seen.
W hat is the m ost unusual thing you've ever done?
190 ( present perfect + ever -fr Unit 17 older / more expensive 4 Units 87- 88
3

Exercises
m W rite sentences with comparatives (older etc.) and superlatives (the oldest etc.).
C3 tulala
big/ small
(A / D ) A is bigger t h an P.
(A ) A is t h e b ig g est ,
(B) 13 is t h e sm allest .
long/ short
(C/ A ) C i s ................................................................................A.
(D ) D i s ......................................................................................
(B) B ...........................................................................................
young/ old
(D / C) D
(B)
(C) ......
expensive/ cheap
(D / A ) ....................
(C) ....................
(A ) ....................
RtilaumB A, By celled
good/ bad
(A / C) .....
(A )................
(D )................
| Com plete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest etc.).
1 This building is very old. It’s t h e o ld est building jn the town.
2 It was a very happy day. It w as.............................................................................................. o f m y life.
3 It's a very good film . It 's................................................................................................I've ever seen.
4 She’s a very popular singer. She's..............................................................................................in the country.
5 It was a very bad m istake. It w as..............................................................................................I've ever m ade.
6 It's a very pretty village. It 's................................................................................................I’ve ever seen.
7 It was a very cold day. It w as............................................................................................... o f the year.
8 He's a very boring person. H e's..............................................................................................I've ever m et.
m m W rite sentences with a superlative (the longest etc.). Choose from the boxes.
jy Ctirl u i icyI
Alaska high country river Africa South Am erica
Everest the N ile large -eity- state Australia the w orld
Brazil Jupiter long m ountain planet the USA the solar system
1 Sydney is the largest crtyjn Australia....
2 Everest .................................................................................
3 ..................................................................................................
4 ..................................................................................................
5 ..................................................................................
6 ..................................................................
191

Unit
91 enough
i t i i h i i k i f e
've only got five pounds -
not enough for a taxi.
She isn't going to take a taxi.
She hasn't got enough money.
He can't reach the shelf.
He isn't tall enough.
enough + n ou n (enough m oney / enough people etc.)
O a: Is there enough m ilk in yo ur coffee?
O
b: Yes, thank you.
W e w anted to play football, but w e didn't have enough players.
O W h y don't you buy a car? You've got enough money. (n o t m o ney enough)
enough w it h o u t a n ou n
I've got som e m o ney but not enough to buy a car
(= I need m ore m o ney to buy a car)
O a : Would you like some more to eat?
b: No, thanks. I've had enough.
O You're always at hom e. You don't go o ut enough.
a d ject ive + enough (good enough / tall enough etc.)
O a : Shall w e sit outside?
b: No, it isn't w arm enough. (n o t enough w arm )
O
Can you hear the radio? Is it loud enough for you?
Don't buy that coat. It's nice, but it isn't long enough. (= it's too sho rt)
Rem em ber:
enough + n ou n
enough m oney
enough tim e
enough people
but
ad ject ive + enough
tall enough
good enough
old enough
W e say:
enough for som eb o d y/ so m ething
O This pullover isn't big enough for me.
O
I haven't got enough m oney for a new car.
enough to do som ething
enough for som eb o d y/ so m ething
to do som ething
O
I haven't got enough m oney to buy a new car.
(n o t for buy)
Is yo ur English good enough to have a conversation?
(n o t for have)
There aren't enough chairs for everybody to sit
down.
192 ( to ... and for ... Unit 54 too -fr Unit 92

Exercises
f g
| Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences. Use enough + these words:
chairs m oney paint w ind
1 She hasn't g o t enough money 3 She hasn't g o t .
2 There aren 't ............................................................................. 4 There isn 't .........
Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences. Use these adjectives + enough:
big long strong -taR
1 H e isn ’t .talJ. enough 3 His legs aren't.
2 The c a r ...................................................................................... 4 H e .........................
C E 9 Com plete the sentences. Use enough with these words:
big eat loud m ifk old practise space tim e tired
1 'Is t h ere enough m jjk in yo ur coffee?' 'Yes, t hank you.'
2 Can you hear the radio? Is i t \ oud enough for you?
3 He can leave school if he w ants - he's................................................................................
4 W hen I visited N ew York last year, I didn't h ave................................................................................to see all the
things I w anted to see.
5 This house isn 't ............................................................................... fo ra large family.
6 Tina is very thin. She d o esn 't ................................................................................
7 M y office is very sm all. There isn 't ................................................................................
8 It's late, but I don't w ant to go to bed now. I'm n o t ................................................................................
9 Lisa isn't a very good tennis player because she d o esn 't ................................................................................
CD Com plete the sentences. Use enough with these words:
W e haven't g o t enough money to buy a new car. (m o ney/ b uy)
This knife isn’t
tom atoes, (sharp / cut)
The w ater w asn 't sw im m ing , (w arm / g o )
Have we g o t
W e played well, but n o t ............................................................................................................ the gam e,
sandwiches? (bread/ m ake)
(w ell/ w in)
I d o n’t h ave newspapers, (tim e/ read )

Unit
too
Uggghhhlj^ / /
His shoes are too big for him .
There is too m uch sugar in it.
too + adjective / a d ver b (too big / too hard etc.)
Can you turn the radio down?
Its too loud. (= louder than I w an t)
I can't w o rk. I'm too tired.
Q I t hink you w o rk too hard.
too m uch / too m any = m ore than you w ant, m ore than is good:
O
I don't like the w eather here. There is too m uch rain. (= m ore rain than is good)
Let's go to another restaurant. There are too m any people here.
O Em ily studies all the tim e. I t hink she studies too m uch.
Traffic is a problem in this town. There are too m any cars.
Co m p are too and not enough:
/ I ~ t X
‘1 I 4 1 V
too big
o
The hat is too big for him .
The m usic is too loud. Can you turn it down, please?
There's too m uch sugar in m y coffee.
(= m ore sugar than I w an t)
I don't feel very well. I ate too m uch.
■
1 it
not big enough
i
o
The hat isn't big enough for him . (= it's too sm all)
The music isn't loud enough. Can you turn it up, please?
There's not enough sugar in m y coffee.
(= I need m ore sugar)
You're very thin. You don't eat enough.
W e say:
t o o ... for som eb o d y/ so m ething
These shoes are too big for me.
O It's a sm all house - too sm all for a large
family.
too ... to do som ething
too ... for som eb o d y to do som ething
O
I'm too tired to go o ut. (n o t for go o ut)
It's too cold to sit outside.
She speaks too fast for me to understand.
194 [ t o ... and for ... ^ Unit 54 m uch/ m any Unit 83 enough ^ Unit 91

Exercises
^ jjg|jp Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences. Use too + these words:
big crow ded fast heavy loud low
1 The m usic is to p .lp ud 4 She's d rivin g .......
2 The box is 5 His jacket is.........
3 The net is 6 The m useum is.
W rite too / too m uch / too m any or enough.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
You're always at hom e. You don't go o u t enough.......
I don't like the w eather here. There's t o o m uch rain.
I can't w ait for them . I don't h ave........................................tim e.
There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There w ere..............................
You're always tired. I t hink you w o r k .........................................hard.
'Did you h ave to eat?' 'Yes, thank you.'
You d rin k ........................................coffee. It's not good for you.
You don't e at ........................................vegetables. You should eat m ore.
I don't like the w eather here. It 's........................................cold.
O u r team didn't play well. W e m ad e.........................................m istakes.
'W o uld you like som e m ilk in yo ur tea?' 'Yes, but n o t .......................
. people.
Com plete the sentences. Use too or enough with these words:
I couldn't w o rk. I w as t o p t ire d .....................................................
Can you turn the radio up, please? It I.sn’t jpud.enpugh..
I don't w ant to w alk hom e. It 's............................................................
Don't buy anything in that shop. It ..................................................
You can't put all yo ur things in this bag. It ..................................
I couldn't do the exercise. I t ..................................................................
Yo ur w o rk needs to be better. It ........................................................
I can't talk to you now. I ..........................................................................
I tho ug ht the film was boring. It ........................................................
(tired )
(lo ud )
(far)
(expensive)
(big)
(d ifficult )
(good)
(b usy)
(lo ng )
g g | Com plete the sentences. Use too (+ adjective) + to .
1 (I'm not going o ut / cold )
2 (I'm not going to bed / early)
3 (they're not getting m arried / young)
4 (no b o d y goes o ut at night / dangerous)
It 's...................................................................................
5 (don't phone Sue now / late)
It 's...................................................................................
6 (I didn't say an yt h in g / su rp rised )
I w as..............................................................................
It 's .t o p .cp y.t o .g p o u t ...
It 's.................................................
Th ey're......................................

He speaks English very well.
9 3 a (word order 1)
A verb + o b ject
1
bought som e new shoes yesterday.
verb
o b ject
The verb (bought) and the o b ject (som e new shoes)
are usually together. W e say:
O
Sue bought som e new shoes yesterday.
(n o t Sue bought yesterday som e new shoes)
su e (su b ject ) so me n eml sh o es (o b ject )
verb + o b ject
He speaks English very well. (n o t He speaks very well English)
I like Italian food very m uch. (n o t I like very m uch ...)
Did you w atch T V all evening? (n o t ... w atch all evening TV )
Paul often w ears a black hat. (n o t Paul wears often ...)
W e invited
I opened
W h y do you always m ake
I'm going to borrow
a lot of people to the party.
the door slowly.
the sam e m istake?
som e m oney from a friend.
w here and when
W e w ent to a party last night
I
I
w h ere? w h en ?
Place (w h ere?) is usually before tim e (w h en ?). W e say:
W e w ent to a party last night.
(n o t W e w ent last night to a party)
place
(w h ere?)
tim e
(w h en ? h o w long? h o w often ?)
Lisa walks to w ork every day. (n o t ... every day to w o rk)
W ill yo u be at hom e this evening? (n o t ... this evening at ho m e)
I usually go to bed early. ( n o t ,... early to bed)
W e arrived at the airport at 7 o'clock.
They've lived in the sam e house for 20 years.
Joe's father has been in hospital since June.
196 ( word order in questions Units 44- 46 always/ usually/ often etc. 4 Unit 94

Exercises
jjf g i Right or wrong? Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1 Did you w atch al|eyen ing J3/ *
2 Sue bought som e new shoes yesterday.
3 I like very m uch this picture.
4 Tom started last w eek his new job.
5 I w ant to speak English fluently.
6 Jessica bought for her friend a present.
7 I d rink every day three cups o f coffee.
8 Don't eat yo ur d inner too quickly!
9 I borrowed from m y brother fifty pounds.
..Pid yp u .w at ch .TVajl evening?.,
OK
Put the words in order.
1 (the d o o r / o pened / 1/ slowly)
2 (a new p hone / 1/ last w eek / got)
3 (finished / Paul / q uickly / his w o rk)
4 (Em ily / very well / French / doesn't speak)
5 (a lot o f shopping / did / 1/ yesterday)
6 (Lo nd o n / do you know / well?)
7 (w e / enjoyed / very m uch / the p arty)
8 (the problem / carefully / 1/ exp lained )
9 (w e / at the airp o rt / som e friends / m et)
10 (did you buy / in England / that jacket?)
11 (every day / do / the sam e thing / w e)
12 (football / don't like / very m uch / 1)
opened, t h e door, sjowjy...
m
i
Put the words in order.
1 (to w o rk / every day / walks / Lisa)
.Lisa w ajks tp .w o rk.p yei^ .d ay,..
2 (at the hotel / 1/ early / arrived)
3 (goes / every year / to Italy / Julia)
Julia.
4 (w e / since 1998 / here / have lived) W e...
5 (in London / Sue / in 1990 / was born)
Su e ...............................................................................................
6 (d id n't go / yesterday / Paul / to w o rk)
PauJ.............................................................................................
7 " t f o a wed d ing / last weekend / w ent / Helen)
H elen ..........................................................................................
8 (I / in bed / this m orning / m y breakfast / had)
I ...........................................................................................
9 (in Septem ber / A m y / to university / is going)
A m y ...............................................................................................................................
10 (I / a beautiful bird / this m orning / in the garden / saw)
I ..................................................................................................................
11 (m any tim es / have been / m y parents / to the United States)
M y ..................................................................................................................................
12 (m y um brella / 1/ last night / left / in the restaurant)
I ........................................................................................................................................
13 (to the cinem a / to m o rro w evening / are you going?)
A r e ..................................................................................................................................
14 (t he children / 1/ took / this m o rning / to school)

Unit
Lalways/ usually/ often etc. (word order 2)
These words (always/ never etc.) go w ith the verb in the m iddle o f a sentence:
always often ever rarely also already all
usually som etim es never seldom just still both
M y brother never speaks to me.
She's always late.
Do you often go to restaurants?
I som etim es eat too m uch, (o r Som etim es I eat too m uch.)
a: Don't forget to pho ne Laura.
b: I've already phoned her.
I've got three sisters. They're all m arried.
Alw ays/ never etc. go before the verb:
always
often
never
etc.
verb
go
play
have
etc.
O
O
O
o
o
o
o
I always drink coffee in the m orning.
(n o t I d rink always coffee)
Helen often goes to London.
(n o t Helen goes often)
You som etim es look unhappy.
They usually have dinner at 7 o'clock.
W e rarely w atch TV. o r
W e seldom w atch TV.
Richard is a good footballer. He also plays tennis and volleyball.
(n o t He plays also tennis)
I've got three sisters. They all live in London.
But always/ never etc. go a ft er am/ is/ are/ was/ were:
am
IS
are
was
were
always
often
never
etc.
o
o
o
o
o
I am always tired.
(n o t I always am tired)
They are never at ho m e during the day.
It is usually very cold here in winter.
W hen I was a child, I was often late for school.
a: Where's Laura?
b: She's still in bed.
I've got t w o brothers. They're both doctors.
Alw ays/ never etc. go b etw een t w o verbs (have ... been / can ... find etc.):
verb 7 verb 2
will
can
do
etc.
always
often
go
find
rem em ber
etc.
have
never
etc.
gone
has
been
etc.
I will always rem em ber you.
It doesn't often rain here.
O Do you usually go to w o rk by car?
I can never find m y keys.
Have you ever been to Egypt?
O a: Where's Laura?
b: She's just gone out. (She's = She has)
M y friends have all gone to the cinem a.
198
always/ never + p resent sim p le -♦ Unit 5 just/ already + p resent p erfect •
both- ♦ Unit 82 st i l l s Unit 95
>Unit 16 all ^ Units 80-81

Exercises
Read Paul's answers to the questions. W rite sentences about Paul with often/ never etc.
Paul
rDo yo u ever play tennis?
Do you get up early?
Are you ever late for work?
Do you ever get angry?
Do you ever go swim m ing?
Are you at hom e in the evenings?
Yes, often.
Yes, always.
No, never.
Som etim es.
Rarely.
Yes, usually.
H e.
H e.
Pau.l often.pjaysM h.n.i.^ :...
W rite these sentences with never/ alw ays/ usually etc.
1 M y brother speaks to me. (never) M y. b ro t h er neve
2 Susan is polite, (always) Su san ......................
3 I finish w o rk at 5 o'clock, (usually) I ...........
4 Sarah has started a new job. (ju st) Sarah .
5 I go to bed before m idnight, (rarely) .........
6 The bus isn't late, (usually) ...............................
7 I don't eat fish, (o ften) .........................................
8 I will forget w hat you said, (never) .............
9 Have you lost yo ur passport? (ever) ..........
10 Do you w o rk in the sam e place? (still) .....
11 They stay in the sam e hotel, (always) .......
12 Jane doesn't w o rk on Saturdays, (usually)
13 Is Tina here? (already) .........................................
14 W h at do you have for breakfast? (usually)
15 I can rem em ber his nam e, (never) .............
W rite sentences with also.
1 Do you play football? (tennis)
2 Do you speak Italian? (French)
3 Are you tired? (hung ry)
4 Have you been to England? (Ireland)
5 Did you buy any clothes? (so m e books)
Yes,.and.!. .^ Isp.play tennis..
Yes, and I .............................................
Yes, an d ...............................................
Yes,.........................................................
a m W rite sentences with both and all.
M
-----------------------
I'm married. I was born in England.
.I live in New York.
§iiiiir
I liv/o I
live in London.
I play football.
I'm a student.
I've got a car.
I live in London.
I play football.
I'm a student.
I've got a car.
1 They.b p t h.ljya jn Lo nd o n............................................
Th e y ..........................................................................football.
.................................................................................... students.
cars.
. m arried.
. England.

Unit
9 5 still yet already
still
an h o u r ago
# t
\ * $
The rain
hasn't stopped
n o w
■ ' M / i
An hour ago it was raining.
It is still raining now.
I M m ' Mm
w M I
still = so m ething is the sam e as before:
O I had a lot to eat, but I'm still hungry. (= I was hungry before, and I'm hungry no w )
O 'Did you sell yo ur car?' 'No, I've still got it.'
O 'Do you still live in Barcelona?' 'No, I live in M ad rid now.'
yet
20 m in u t es ago A w.|| ^ eoon ^ )
.-------- —------- s
M
m
n o w
(W here’s [3en? He’s very late. J
— \ f, JM M-I •: : : S
» P
Tw enty m inutes ago they were
waiting for Ben.
They are still w aiting for Ben.
Ben hasn't com e yet.
yet = until now
mmmsma
mmmWM
, ' : ■ ■ 1
W e use yet in n egative sentences (H e hasn't com e yet.) and in qu estion s (Has he com e yet?).
Yet is usually at the end of a sentence:
O a: Where's Em m a?
O a :
b: She isn't here yet. (= she will be here, but until no w she hasn't co m e)
W h at are you doing this evening?
b: I don't know yet. ( - I will know later, but I don't know at the m om ent)
O a: Are you ready to go yet?
b: N ot yet. In a m inute. (= I will be ready, but I'm no t ready at the m o m ent)
O a : Have you finished with the newspaper yet?
b: No, I'm still reading it.
Co m p are yet and still:
O She hasn't gone yet. = She's still here, (n o t she is yet here)
O
I haven't finished eating yet. = I'm still eating.
already = earlier than expected:
'W hat tim e is Joe com ing?' 'He's already here.' (= earlier than we exp ected )
'I'm going to tell you w hat happened.' 'That's not necessary. I already know.'
Sarah isn't com ing to the cinem a w ith us. She has already seen the film .
200 ( already/ yet + present perfect Unit 16 word order (still/ already) Unit 94

Exercises
You meet Tina. The last time you saw her was two years ago. You ask her some questions with still.
Tina - two years ago 1 D o y o u st jH p Jay t h ap jan p ?................................
^
play the piano.
want to be a teacher. J
W rite three sentences for each situation. Look at the example carefully.
b efo re
n o w
(before) Ib.^ y w ara.y^
(still) Ih a y j r e st.ijl w ait in g .....................
(yet) Ib .e b us h asn ’t .c o m e y e t ,...........
(b efo re) He w as.
(still) H e ..........
(yet) ..................
yet.
(b efo re) Sh e.
(still) ..........
(yet) ..........
. asleep.
(b efo re) Th e y .
(still) ............
(yet) ............
d inner
d in n e r
W rite questions with yet.
1 You and Sue are going o ut together. You are waiting for her to get ready. Perhaps she is ready now.
You ask her: A ray p u .raad y .y at ?...................................................................................................................................
2 You are waiting for Helen to arrive. She wasn't here ten m inutes ago. Perhaps she is here now.
You ask som ebody: ................................H elen ......................................................................................................................
3 Anna did an exam and is waiting for the results. Perhaps she has her results now.
You ask her: ...............................y o u ......................................................................................................................................................
4 A few days ago you spoke to Tom . He wasn't sure where to go on holiday. Perhaps he has decided
now.
You ask him : ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Com plete the sentences. Use already.

Unit
9 6 Give me that book! Give it to me!
give lend pass send show
SA RA H
After these verbs (give/ lend etc.); there are
t w o possible structures:
give som ething to somebody
O I gave the keys to Sarah.
give somebody som ething
O I gave Sarah the keys.
give som ething to somebody
som ething
to som eb o d y
That's m y book. Give it to me.
These are Sue's keys. Can you give them to her?
Can you give these flowers to yo ur m other?
1 lent m y car to a friend o f m ine.
Did you send the m o ney to Kate?
W e've seen these photos. You showed them to us.
give somebody som ething
so m ebody
som ething
Give me that book. It's m ine.
Tom gave his m o ther so m e flowers.
1 lent Joe som e money.
H o w m uch m o ney did you lend him ?
1 sent you an email. Did you get it?
Nicola showed us her holiday photos.
Can you pass me the salt, please?
You can also say buy /get som eb o d y som ething':
O I bought my m other som e flowers. (= I bought som e flowers for m y m other.)
O I'm going to the shop. Can I get you anything? (= get anything for yo u)
You can say:
O I gave the keys to Sarah.
a n d
a n d
I gave Sarah the keys.
(b u t n o t I gave to Sarah the keys)
O That's m y book. Can you give it to me?
Can you give me that book?
(b u t n o t Can you give to m e that book?)
W e prefer the first structure (give som ething to so m eb o d y) w ith it or them:
O I gave it to her. (n o t I gave her it)
O Here are the keys. Give them to your father, (n o t Give yo ur father them )
202 ( it/ him / them ecc. Unit 59
3

Exercises
{ g p M ark had some things that he didn't want. He gave them to different people.
GA RY
W rite sentences beginning He gave ....
W h at did M ark do w ith the arm chair? He g a v e jt t o h is b ro t h er..
W hat did he do w ith the tennis racket? He g ave.............................................
W hat happened to the books? H e .........................................................
W h at ab o ut the lamp?............................................................................................................
W hat did he do w ith the pictures? .................................................................
An d the ladder?...........................................................................................................................
You gave presents to your friends. You decided to give them the things in the pictures. W rite a
sentence for each person.
(C D PAUL © JO AN N A © RICH ARD © EM M A © RA CH EL © KEVIN
J
v
f
a
w
t f *
^
' j
1 1. gava.Paul a.book,.
2 I g ave................................
3 I ............................................
4
5
6
W rite questions beginning Can you give m e ... ? / Can you pass m e ... ? etc.
1 (you w ant the salt)
2 (you need an um brella)
3 (you w ant m y address)
4 (you need tw en ty pound s)
5 (you w ant m ore info rm atio n)
6 (yo u w an t to see the letter)
(pass) C a n y o u p a e e m ^
(lend ) Can y o u .........................................................
(give) C a n .....................................................y o u r.
(lend ) .............................................................................
(send ) .............................................................................
(sh o w ) .............................................................................
g up W hich is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I gave to Sarah t h e keysr- / 1gave Sarah the keys. (I gave Sarah the keys is rig h t)
I'll lend to you som e m oney if you w ant. / I'll lend you som e m o ney if you w ant.
Did you send the bill m e? / Did yo u send the bill to m e?
I w an t to buy for you a present. / 1w ant to buy you a p resent.
Can you pass to m e the sugar, please? / Can you pass m e the sugar, please?
This is Lisas bag. Can you give it to her? / Can you give her it?
I showed to the policem an m y id entity card . / 1showed the policem an m y identity card .
203

Unit
9 7 and but or so because
and but or so because
W e use these words (co n ju n ct io n s) to join tw o sentences. They make one longer sentence from tw o
shorter sentences:
sen ten ce A The car stopped. — — The driver got out. sen t en ce B
The car stopped and the driver got out.
and/ but/ or
sen ten ce A
sen ten ce B
W e stayed at hom e and (w e)* w atched television.
M y sister is m arried and (she)* lives in London.
He doesn't like her, and she doesn't like him .
1bought a sandwich, but 1didn't eat it.
It's a nice house, but it doesn't have a garden.
Do you w ant to go out, or are you too tired?
* It is not necessary to
repeat we' and she'.
In lists, we use co m m as (,). W e use and before the last thing:
O I got hom e, had so m ething to eat, sat down in an arm chair and fell asleep.
Karen is at w ork, Sue has gone shopping and Chris is playing football.
so (the result o f so m ething )
sen ten ce A
It was very hot,
Joe does a lot o f sport,
They don't like travelling,
sen ten ce B
I opened the w indow,
he's very fit.
they haven't been to m any places.
because (the reason for so m ething)
sen ten ce A
sen ten ce B
1opened the w ind o w because it was very hot.
Joe can't com e to the party because he's going away.
Lisa is hungry because she didn't have breakfast.
Because is also possible at the beginning:
O Because it w as very hot, I opened the w indow.
In these exam ples there is m ore than one co njunctio n:
O It was late and I was tired, so I w ent to bed.
I always enjoy visiting London, but I w o uld n't like to live there because it's too big.
204 ( when/ while/ before etc. 4 Unit 98
3

Exercises
W rite sentences. Choose from the boxes and use and / b ut / or.
I stayed at hom e.
i bought a sand w ich.
I w ent to the wind o w .
I w anted to phone you.
I jum p ed into the river.
I usually drive to w ork.
Do you w ant m e to com e w ith you?
1 1stayed at.home and watched JV;.......
2 1bought a.sandyvi.ch .but l.didn’t .a a t jt ..
3 I ..............................................................................
4 ...............................................................................................
5 ...............................................................................................
6 ................................................................................
7 ...............................................................................................
I didn't have yo ur num ber.
Shall I w ait here?
I d idn't eat it.
I w ent by bus this m orning.
4 w atched-T-V -
I swam to the o ther side.
I looked out.
< 9
Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences. Use and/ but/ so/ because.
lEn m iiaal
!0 m in u tes
later
HELEN
Good bye.
1 It was very h o t , so M opanad
2 They couldn't play t en n is...........................................
3 They w ent to the m u seu m ,......................................
4 Ben wasn't hung ry,.........................................................
5 Helen was lat e..................................................................
6 Sue said .................................................................................
W rite sentences about what you did yesterday. Use and/ but etc.
1 (and ) In .t h aavan in g .l st ayed ......
2 (b ecause) l.M H t .t p .b ad .yary e a r l y ..........
3 (b u t ) .....................................................................................................................
4 (and ) .....................................................................................................................
5 (so ) .....................................................................................................................
6 (because) .....................................................................................................................
205

Unit
9 8 When
W hen I w ent out, it w as raining.
This sentence has t w o parts:
when I w ent out + it was raining
You can say:
O W hen I w ent out, it was raining, o r
It was raining w hen I w ent out.
W e w rite a co m m a (,) if W hen ... is at the beginning:
W hen you're tired, don't drive.
O
Don't drive w hen you're tired.
o
Helen was 25 w hen she got married.
W hen Helen got m arried, she was 25.
W e do the sam e in sentences w ith before/ while/ after:
O
O
o
Alw ays look both ways before you cross the road.
Before you cross the road, always look both ways.
W hile I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain.
It began to rain w hile I was waiting for the bus.
He never played football again after he broke his leg.
After he broke his leg, he never played football again.
W hen I am ... / W hen I go ... etc.
N ext week Sarah is going to N ew York.
She has a friend, Lisa, w ho lives in N ew York,
but Lisa is also going away - to M exico.
So they w o n't see each o ther in N ew York.
Lisa will be in M exico when Sarah is in N ew York.
The tim e is fu t u r e (next week) but we say:
... w hen Sarah is in N ew York.
(n o t w hen Sarah will be)
SA RA H
W e use the p resen t (I am / 1go etc.) w ith a fu t u r e m ea n in g after when:
O W hen I get hom e this evening, I'm going to have a shower.
(n o t W hen I will get ho m e)
O I can't talk to you now. I'll talk to you later w hen I have m ore tim e.
W e do the sam e after before/ while/ after/ until:
O
O
Please close the w ind o w before you go out.
(n o t before you will go)
Rachel is going to stay in our flat w hile w e are away.
(n o t w hile we will be)
O I'll w ait here until you com e back.
(n o t until you will co m e back)
U SA
-
206 ( if and when Unit 99 until Unit 104 before/ while/ after Unit 105

Exercises
g
l l W rite sentences beginning w ith w hen. Choose from the boxes.
I w ent o ut
I turned o ff the TV
I'm tired
I always go to the sam e place
W hen +
I knocked on the d o or
I go on holiday
the program m e ended
I got to the hotel
+
there were no room s
it was raining
there was no answer
I like to w atch TV
m
i
1 W h en i.w an t
2 ....................................................................
3 .............................................................................................................................................
4 .............................................................................................................................................
5 ......................................................................................................................
6 ......................................................................................................................
Complete the sentences. Choose from the box.
som ebody broke into the house
before t h ey crossed t h e road
they w ent to live in N ew Zealand
before they cam e here
w hile they were away
w hen they heard the news
they didn't believe me
They looked both w ay s b efo r e t h e y w
They were very surp rised ........................................................................
After they got m arried ............................................................................
Their house was dam aged in a st o rm ..............................................
W here did they live....................................................................................
W hile we were asleep ,...............................................................................
W hen I told them w hat hap p en ed ,..................................................
w hich is right?
1 I stay- / 111 stay here until you com e / vo u ll co m e- back. (Ill stay a n d you com e are rig h t)
2 I'm going to bed w hen I finish / HI finish m y w ork.
3 W e m ust do som ething before ids / it will be too late.
4 Helen is going away soon. I'm / 111 be very sad w hen she leaves / shell leave.
5 Don't go o ut yet. W ait until the rain stops / w ill stop.
6 W e com e / We'll com e and visit you when we're / we'll be in England again.
7 W hen I co m e to see you tom orrow, I bring / I'll bring o ur holiday photos.
8 I'm going to Paris next week. I hope to see som e friends o f m ine w hile I'm / I'll be there.
9 Let's go o ut for a w alk before it gets / it will get dark.
10 I'm not ready yet. I tell / I'll tell you when I'm / I'll be ready.
| Use your own ideas to com plete these sentences.
1 Can you close the w in d o w b efo re y o u .q o o u t ....................................................................................................
2 W h at are you going to do w h e n .....................................................................................................................................
3 W hen I have enough m o n ey,............................................................................................................................................
4 I'll w ait for you w h ile ...............................................................................................................................................................
5 W hen I start m y new jo b ,....................................................................................................................................................
6 W ill you be here w h e n ..........................................................................................................................................................

Unit
If w eg o ...
If you see... etc.
We'll get there more
quickly if we go by taxi
If can be at the beginning o f a sentence or in the m iddle:
If at the beginning
If we go by bus,
If you don't hurry,
If you're hungry,
If the phone rings,
it will be cheaper,
you'll miss the train,
have som ething to eat.
can you answer it, please?
if in the m iddle
It will be cheaper
You'll miss the train
I'm going to the concert
Is it O K
if we go by bus.
if you don't hurry,
if I can get a ticket,
if I use yo ur phone?
In conversation, w e often use the if- p art o f the sentence alone:
'Are you going to the concert?'
'Yes, if I can get a ticket.'
If you see Ann tom orrow ... etc.
After if, we use the present (n o t will). W e say 'if you see ...' (n o t if you will see):
If you see Ann tom orro w, can you ask her to call me?
O If I'm late this evening, don't w ait for me. (n o t if I will be)
W h at shall we do if it rains? (n o t if it will rain)
If I don't feel well tom orrow, I'll stay at hom e.
if and when
If I go o ut = it is possible that I will go out, but I'm no t sure:
a: Are you going o ut later?
b: M aybe. If I go out, I'll close the w ind o w s.
W hen I go o ut = I'm going o ut (for sure):
a: Are you going o ut later?
b: Yes, I am. W hen I go out, I'll close the w ind o w s.
Co m p are when and if:
W hen I get hom e this evening, I'm going to have a shower.
If I'm late this evening, don't w ait for me. (n o t W hen I'm late)
We're going to play tennis if it doesn't rain. (n o t when it doesn't rain)
208 ( when ^ Unit 98 if I had / if we w en t ... etc. 4 Unit 100

Exercises
W rite sentences beginning w ith if. Cho o se from the boxes.
If +
-you don't hurry
you pass the exam
you fail the exam
you don't w an t this magazine
you w ant those pictures
you're busy no w
_i_ T
w e can have lunch no w
you can have them
1can lend you som e
you'll get a certificate
you'll be late
I'll thro w it away
you're hungry
w e can talk later
you need m o ney
you can do it again
[fypu don't hur^
If you p ass....................................................
If .........................................................................
W hich is right?
1 If I'm / 4'll be late this evening, don't w ait for me. (fm is rig h t)
2 W ill you call m e if I give / I'll give you m y phone num ber?
3 If there is / will be a fire, the alarm will ring.
4 If I don't see you to m o rro w m orning, I call / I'll call you in the evening.
5 I'm / I'll be surprised if M ichael and Jane get / w ill get m arried.
6 Do you go / W ill you go to the party if they invite / they'll invite you?
j g g j Use your own ideas to com plete these sentences.
1 I'm going to the co ncert if i Q ^ n .se t a t i c k e t ......................................................
2 If you don't h u rry, yp.ull.m i55 t h e t rain ...................................................................
3 I don't w an t to disturb you i f .............................................................................................
4 If you go to bed early t o n ig h t ,...........................................................................................
5 Turn the TV o ff if ......................................................................................................................
6 Tina w on't pass her exam s i f ...............................................................................................
7 If I have tim e t o m o rro w ,.......................................................................................................
8 W e can go to the beach to m o rro w i f ...........................................................................
9 I'll be surprised i f ........................................................................................................................
g j j W rite if or when.
1 !.f I'm late this evening, don't w ait for me.
2 I'm going to do som e shopping now. .......................I com e back, we can have lunch.
3 I'm thinking o f going to see To m ............................I go, will you co m e w ith me?
4 ........................ you don't w ant to go o ut tonight, we can stay at hom e.
5 Is it O K .........................I close the w ind o w ?
6 John is still at scho o l............................. he leaves school, he w ants to go to college.
7 Shall w e have a picnic t o m o rro w .......................the w eather is good?
8 We're going to M ad rid next week. W e don't have anywhere to stay - w e hope to find a hotel
we get there. I don't know w hat we'll d o .........................we don't find a room .

2 1 0 f if we go / if I have / if I can etc. Unit 99
------------------------------------------
Unit
100 If I had If we w ent... etc.
Dan likes fast cars, but he doesn't have one.
He doesn't have enough m oney.
If he had the m oney, he w ould buy a fast car.
Usually had is p a st, but in this sentence had is
n o t past. If he had the m o ney = if he had the
m o ney n o w (b ut he doesn't have it).
D A N
If
I
you
had / knew / lived (etc.)
didn't have / didn't know (etc.)
I
you
w ould ...
w o u ld n 't ...
it w e re ..., it co u ld ...
they could ..., they co u ld n 't ...
You can say:
o r
O
If he had the m oney, he w o uld buy a car.
He w o uld buy a car if he had the m oney.
I'd / she'd / they'd etc. = I w ould / she w ould / they w ould e t c.:
O
O
I don't kno w the answer. If I knew the answer, I'd tell you.
It's raining, so we're no t going out. W e'd get w et if w e w ent out.
O Jane lives in a city. She likes cities. She w ouldn't be happy if she lived in the country.
O If you didn't have a job, w hat w ould you do? (b ut you h a ve a jo b )
O I'm so rry I can't help you. I'd help you if I could, (b ut I ca n 't)
O if we had a car, we could travel m ore, (b ut we d on 't have a car, so we ca n 't travel m uch)
If (I) was/ were ...
You can say: if l/ he/ she/ it w as
if l/ he/ she/ it w ere
o r
wouldn’t go o u t if I were you.J
O It's not a very nice place. I w ould n't go there
if I w ere you. (o r ... if I was yo u)
Q It w o uld be nice if the w eather was better.
( o r ... if the w eather w ere better)
O W h at w o uld Tom do if he were here?
(o r ... if he was here)
Com pare:
if I have / if it is etc.
O
I m ust go and see Helen.
If I have tim e, I will go today.
(= m aybe I'll have tim e, so m aybe
I'll go)
O I like that jacket.
O
I'll buy it if it isn't too expensive.
(= m aybe it will not be too expensive)
I'll help you if I can. (= m aybe I can)
if I had / if it was etc.
O
O
I m ust go and see Helen.
If I had tim e, I w ould go today.
(= I don't have tim e today, so I will
not go)
I like this jacket, but it's very expensive.
I'd buy it if it w asn't so expensive.
(= it is expensive, so I'm no t going to
buy it)
O I'd help you if I could, but I can't.

Exercises
Co m p let e t he sentences.
1 I don't know the answer. If I .knew the answer, I'd tell you.
2 I have a car. I could n't travel very m uch if I .d id n’t h ave a car.
3 I don't w ant to go o ut. If I to go out, I'd go.
4 W e don't have a key. If w e .............................................................. a key, we could get into the house.
5 I'm not hungry. I w o uld have so m ething to eat if I ................................................................hungry.
6 Sue enjoys her w o rk. She w o uld n't do it if sh e ..................................................................it.
7 He can't speak any foreign languages. If h e ......................................................................speak a foreign language,
perhaps he w o uld get a better job.
8 You don't try hard enough. If y o u harder, you w o uld have m ore success.
9 I have a lot to do today. If I ................................................................so m uch to do, we could go out.
m p Put t he verb in the co rrect fo rm .
1 If he had the m oney, he w o uld buy a fast car. (he/ have)
2 Jane likes living in a city. Sh e wouldn’t ba..happy if she lived in the country, (she/ no t/ b e)
3 If I w anted to learn It alian, to Italy. (I go)
4 I haven't told Helen w hat happened. She'd be angry if ....................................................................... (she/ kno w )
5 If ...............................................................................a map, I could sho w you where I live, (w e/ have)
6 W h at w o uld you do i f ................................................................................a lot o f m oney? (yo u/ w in)
7 It's no t a very good hotel there if I were you. (I/ no t/ stay)
8 If ...............................................................................nearer London, we w o uld go there m ore often, (w e/ live)
9 It's a sham e you have to go now. ....................................................................nice if you had m ore tim e, (it/ b e)
10 I'm not going to take the job. I'd take it i f .............................................................................. better, (the salary/ be)
11 I don't know anything ab o ut cars. If the car broke d o w n ,................................................................................w hat
to do. (I/ no t/ kno w )
12 If you could change one thing in the world, w h at ............................................................................? (you/ change)
Co m p let e the sentences. Cho o se fro m the b ox and p ut the verb in the co rrect fo rm .
we (have) a bigger house
we (buy) a bigger house
we (have) som e pictures on the wall
every day (be) the sam e
it (be) a bit cheaper
the air (be) cleaner
I (w atch) it
I (be) bored
1 I'd buy that jacket i f if. w as a b it c h e a p e r ........................................................................................................................
2 If there was a good film on TV t o n ig h t ,................................................................................................................................
3 This room w o uld be nicer i f .........................................................................................................................................................
4 If there wasn't so m uch t raffic,....................................................................................................................................................
5 Life w o uld be boring i f .....................................................................................................................................................................
6 If I had nothing to d o ,......................................................................................................................................................................
7 W e co uld invite all o ur friends to stay i f ................................................................................................................................
8 If w e had m ore m o n ey,....................................................................................................................................................................
Co m p let e the sentences. Use yo u r o w n ideas.
1 I'd be happier i f ! co u ld g e t a, b at t er jo b ...........................................................................................................................
2 If I co uld go anywhere in the w o rld ,........................................................................................................................................
3 I w o uld n't be very happy i f ............................................................................................................................................................
4 I'd b u y...............................................................i f ......................................................................................................................................
5 If I saw an accid ent in the st reet ,................................................................................................................................................
6 The w o rld w o uld be a better place if ......................................................................................................................................

Unit a person w ho... a thing that/ which ...
101 (relative clauses 1)
M ean speak six languages.
X Z L
&
JA CK
w ho is for people (n o t things):
A thief is a person
w ho steals things,
Do you know anybody
w ho can play the piano?
The m an
w ho pho ned
didn't give his nam e,
The people
w ho w o rk in the office
are very friendly.
that is for things or people:
i i i i i i
■ HH
An airplane is a m achine
Em m a lives in a house
The people
that flies.
that is 400 years old.
that w o rk in the office
are very friendly.
You can use that for people, but w ho is m ore usual.
w hich is for things (n o t peo pie):
An airplane is a m achine
Em m a lives in a house
w hich flies. (n o t a m achine w ho ...)
w hich is 400 years old.
Do no t use w hich for people:
Do you rem em b er the w om an w ho was playing the piano at the party?
(n o t the w o m an w hich ...)
2 1 2 ( who and which in questions Units 45,47 the people we m et (relative clauses 2) 4 Unit 102

Exercises
Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A ... is a person w ho .... Use a dictionary if
necessary.
a thief
a dentist
doesn't tell the truth
is ill in hospital
a butcher
a fool
takes care o f yo ur teeth
steals things
a m usician
a genius
is very intelligent
does stupid things
a patient
a liar
plays a m usical instrum ent
sells m eat
1 A thief is a ,p erso n .who.st^ ajs thing.5,
2 A b utcher is a p erso n ..........................................
3 A m u sician .................................................................
5 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
6 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 .......................................................................................................
M ake o ne sentence fro m t w o .
1 (A m an phoned. He didn't give his nam e.)
The m an who phonad d id n’t giva his nam a.
2 (A w o m an o pened the door. She was wearing a yellow dress.)
The w o m an ................................................................................................................................................................a yellow dress.
3 (Som e students took the exam . M o st o f them passed.)
M o st o f the st u d en t s....................................................................................................................
4 (A policem an stopped o ur car. He wasn't very friendly.)
Th e ...........................................................................................................................................................
^ 2 ^ W rite w ho or which.
1 I m et a w o m an who can speak six languages.
2 W hat's the nam e o f the m an ...............................has just started w o rk in yo ur office?
3 W hat's the nam e o f the river...............................flows through the town?
4 W here is the p ict u re................................ was hanging on the wall?
5 Do you know an yb o d y................................w ants to buy a car?
6 You always ask q u est io n s are d ifficult to answer.
7 I have a frien d .................................is very good at repairing cars.
8 I think everyb o d y w ent to the party enjoyed it very m uch.
9 W h y does he always wear clo t h es................................ are too small for him ?
2 2 E ) Right or wrong? Correct the mistakes.
1 A t hief is a p erso n w hich steals things.................................................p arso n.w ho a t a als
2 An airplane is a m achine that flies. Q K........................................
3 A coffee m aker is a m achine w ho makes coffee............................................................................
4 W hat's happened to the m o ney that was on the table? ....................................................
5 I don't like people w hich never stop talking....................................................................................
6 I kno w som eb o d y that can help you....................................................................................................
7 I kno w so m ebody w ho w o rks in that shop......................................................................................
8 Co rrect the sentences w ho are wrong.................................................................................................
9 M y neighbour bought a car w ho cost £40,000...............................................................................

Unit the people we met the hotel you stayed at
1 0 2 (relative clauses 2)
The man is carrying a bag.
It's very heavy.
2 sen ten ces
The bag (that) he is carrying is very heavy.
.................... 1 se n t e n ce................:......]
Kate w on som e m oney.
W h at is she going to do w ith it?
2 sen ten ces
KA TE
W h at is Kate going to do w ith the m oney
(that) she won?
.................... 1 se n t e n ce...................
You can say:
O The bag that he is carrying ... o r The bag he is carrying ... (w ith or w it h o u t that)
O ... the m oney that Kate won? o r ... the m o ney Kate won?
You do not need that/ w ho/ w hich when it is the object:
su b ject verb o b ject
The man was carrying a bag —> the bag (t h at) the m an was carrying
Kate w on som e m oney —> the m oney (t h at) Kate won
You w anted som e books —> the books (t hat) you w anted
W e m et som e people —> the people (w h o ) we m et
O Did you find the books you w anted? (o r ... the books that you wanted?)
O The people we m et were very friendly, (o r The people w ho we m e t ...)
O Everything I said was true, (o r Everything that I said ...)
W e say:
O The film we saw was very good, (n o t The film we saw it w a s...)
Som etim es there is a p rep o sitio n (to/ in/ at etc.) after the verb:
Eve is talking to a m an. —»
W e stayed at a hotel. —>
I told you about som e books. —>
Do you kno w the m an Eve is talking to?
The hotel we stayed at was near the station.
These are the books I told you about.
W e say:
... the books I told you ab out (n o t the books I told you ab o ut them )
You can say '(a place) where ...;:
O The hotel w here we stayed was near the station. (= The hotel we stayed a t ...)
You m ust use w ho/ that/ w hich when it is the su b ject (—> Unit 101):
O I m et a w om an w ho can speak six languages, (who is the sub ject)
O Jack was wearing a hat that was too big for him . (that is the sub ject)
214 [ a person who ..., a thing that/ which ... (relative clauses 1) 4 Unit 101

Exercises
M ake one sentence from two.
1 (Helen took som e pictures. Have you seen them ?)
.Hayp.ypu.5een the p j c t u ^ ...........
2 (Yo u gave m e a pen. I've lost it.)
I've lost t h e ........................................................................................
3 (Sue is wearing a jacket. I like it.)
I like t h e ...............................................................................................
4 (I gave you som e flowers. W here are they?)
W here are t h e .................................................................................
5 (H e told us a story. I didn't believe it.)
6 (You bought som e oranges. H o w m uch were they?)
H o w ..........................................................................................................
I T C H M ake one sentence from two.
1 (I was carrying a bag. It was very heavy.)
Th e bag Iw as.carryin g w a sv e r y heavy..........................
2 (You cooked a meal. It w as excellent.)
Th e ..................................................................................................................................
3 (I'm wearing shoes. They aren't very com fo rtab le.)
The sh o es....................................................................................................................
4 (W e invited som e people to dinner. They d id n’t co m e.)
Th e ..................................................................................................................................
m w t You ask your friend some questions. Com plete the sentences.
1 Yo ur friend stayed at a hotel. You ask:
W hat's the nam e o f t h e .h p t aly p u .5 t ay p d .at ................................
2 Yo ur friend was talking to som e people. You ask:
W h o are the p eo p le............................................................................................
3 Yo ur friend was looking for som e keys. You ask:
Did you find t h e ....................................................................................................
4 Yo ur friend is going to a party. You ask:
W here is t h e ..............................................................................................................
5 Yo ur friend was talking ab o ut a film . You ask:
W hat's the nam e o f ..............................................................................................
6 Yo ur friend is listening to som e m usic. You ask:
W hat's t h at ................................................................................................................
7 Yo ur friend applied for a job. You ask:
Did you g et ...............................................................................................................
Com plete the questions. Use where.
1 John stayed at a hotel. You ask him :
Did you lik e 5.hp, hp tel w hera.yp u.stayp .d ........................................
2 Sue had d inner in a restaurant. You ask her:
W hat's the nam e o f the rest au ran t .............................................................
3 Sarah lives in a village. You ask her:
H o w big is t h e .........................................................................................................
4 Richard w o rks in a factory. You ask him :
W here exactly is.....................................................................................................

Unit
103 at 8 o'clock on M onday in April
at
8 o'clock O I start w o rk at 8 o'clock.
at 10.30 O TTie shops close at 5.30.
m idnight etc.
on
on
Sunday(s) / M o nd ay(s) etc.
25 April / 6 June et c
N ew Year's Day et c
O Bye! I'll see you on Friday.
O W h at do you usually do on
Sundays?
O The co ncert is on 22 N ovem ber.
in
in
April/ June et c
2013/ 1988 et c
sum m er/ spring etc.
I'm going on holiday in October.
Em m a was born in 1995.
The park is beautiful in spring.
W e say:
at the weekend
at night
at Christm as
at the end of ...
at the m om ent
Are you going away at the weekend?
I can't sleep at night.
W here will you be at Christm as? (b u t on Christm as Day)
I'm going on holiday at the end of October.
Are you busy at the m om ent?
in the m orning / in the afternoon / in the evening
O I always feel good in the m orning.
b u t
□ Do you often go o ut in the evening?
on M onday m orning / on Tuesday afternoon / on Friday evening / on Saturday night et c
O I'm m eeting Jackie on M onday m orning.
O Are you doing anything on Saturday night?
W e do n o t use at/ on/ in before:
this ... (this m orning / this w eek et c)
last ... (last August / last w eek et c)
n e x t ... (next M onday / next week etc.)
every ... (every day / every w eek etc.)
O Are you going o ut this evening?
O W e go on holiday every sum m er. Last sum m er we
w ent to Canada.
O I'm leaving next M onday.
(n o t on next M o nd ay)
in five m inutes / in a few days / in six w eeks / in tw o years etc.
O Hurry! The train leaves in five m inutes.
(= it leaves five m inutes from no w )
j Bye! I'll see you in a few days.
(= a few days from no w )
now
in five m inutes
216 ( in/ on/ at (places) -» Units 106-107

Exercises
m m W rite at/ on/ in.
.o n ..
in
.6 June
. the evening
. half past t w o
. W ednesd ay
.2007
6 Septem ber
9 ......
10 .....
11 ......
.24 Septem ber
Thursd ay
.11.45
. Christm as Day
Christm as
12 the m orning
13 Friday m orning
14 Saturday night
15 night
16 the end o f the day
17 .................the weekend
18 w inter
H Q P W rite at/ on/ in.
1 Bye! See y o u o n Friday. 11
2 W here were y o u 28 February? 12
3 I got u p 8 o'clock this m orning. 13
4 I like getting up early the m orning. 14
5 M y sister got m arried M ay. 15
6 Jessica and I first m e t ................... 2006. 16
7 Did yo u go o u t ...............Tuesday? 17
8 Did yo u go o u t ...............Tuesday evening? 18
9 Do you often go o u t the evening? 19
10 Let's m eet 7.30 to m o rro w evening.
I often go aw ay the weekend.
I'm starting m y new jo b .................3 July.
W e often go to the b each sum m er.
George isn't h ere................the m o m ent.
Jane's birthd ay is.................Decem ber.
Do you w o r k Saturdays?
The co m p any st art ed 1999.
I like to look at the st ars................night.
I'll send you the m o n ey.................the end o f
the m onth.
Look at Lisa's diary for next week and com plete the sentences.
Lisa is going to the cin em a o n .W ad n asd ay eyenjng..
She has to phone Ch ris..................................................................
She isn't doing anything sp ecial.................................................
She's got a driving lesso n...............................................................
She's going to a p art y.......................................................................
She's m eeting Sam .............................................................................
W rite sentences with in ....
1 It's 8.25 now. The train leaves at 8.30.
2 It's M o nd ay today. I'll call yo u on Thursday.
3 Today is 14 June. M y exam is on 28 June.
4 It's 3 o'clock now. Tom will be here at 3.30.
The train laavas in fiva minutes.
M y ...
To m .
. days.
W rite at/ on/ in if necessary. Som etim es the sentence is already complete, and no word is
necessary.
1 I'm g o in g o n ......Friday.
2 I'm g o in g z........next Friday, (a lrea d y co m p let e)
3 I always feel t ired .the evening.
4 W ill you be at h o m e this evening?
5 W e w ent to Fran ce last sum m er.
6 Laura was b o rn .................1997.
7 W hat are you d o in g .............. the weekend?
8 I p hone Ro b ert every Sunday.
9 Shall we play t en n is next Sunday?
10 I can't go to the p art y Sunday.
11 I'm going o ut. I'll be b ack an hour.
12 I don't often go o u t ................night.

Unit
1 0 4 from ... to until since for
from ... to ...
O W e lived in Japan from 2003 to 2010.
O I w o rk from M o nd ay to Friday.
You can also say from ... until
O W e lived in Japan from 2003 until 2010.
M o n d a y
from M onday to Friday
Frid ay
u n t il...
u n t il
Friday
Decem b er
3 o'clock
I com e back
They're going away tom orrow.
They'll be away until Friday.
I w ent to bed early, but I wasn't tired.
I read a book until 3 o'clock.
W ait here until I com e back.
until Friday
Frid ay
You can also say till (= until):
O
W ait here till I com e back.
Com pare:
O 'How long will you be away?'
O 'W hen are you co m ing back?'
'Until M onday.'
'On M onday.'
since + a tim e in the past (to no w )
W e use since after the p resen t p er fect (have been / have done etc.):
O Joe is in hospital. He has been
o
in hospital since M onday.
(= from M o nd ay to no w )
Sue and Dave have been
m arried since 1998.
M o n d a y
since M onday
n o w
(= from 1998 to no w )
O
It has been raining since I arrived.
Com pare:
O W e lived in Japan from 2003 to 2010.
W e lived in Japan until 2010.
O N o w we live in Canad a. W e cam e to Canad a in 2010.
W e have lived in Canad a since 2010. (= from 2010 until no w )
W e use for (n o t since) + a period o f tim e (three days / ten years etc.):
O Joe has been in hospital for three days. (n o t since three days)
for + a period o f tim e
for
three days
ten years
five m inutes
a long tim e
Gary stayed w ith us for
three days.
I'm going away for
Su n d a y
a few weeks.
O I'm going away for the weekend.
O They've been m arried for ten years.
for three days
M o n d a y
Tu esd a y
218 ( present perfect + for/ since Units 18- 19 present perfect (I have lived) and past simple (I lived) Unit 20 j

Exercises
P T if Read the information and com plete the sentences. Use from ... to / until / since.
A LEX KAREN CLA RE A D A M
now.
I lived in Canada
before.
I came to England in
2009.
J
now.
I lived in France before
I came to Switzerland
in 2011.
I work in a hotel now.
I worked in a restaurant
before.
I started work in the
hotel in 2012.
V___________
j
now.
I was a teacher
before.
I started work as a
journalist in 2008.
V
J
1 (Alex / Canad a / 2001 2009)
2 (A lex / Canad a / —> 2009)
3 (Alex / England / 2009 —>)
4 (Karen / France / —> 2011)
5 (Karen / Switzerland / 2011 —>)
6 (Clare / a restaurant / 2010 —> 2012)
7 (Clare / a hotel / 2012 —>)
8 (Ad am / a teacher / 2002 —> 2008)
9 (Ad am / a jo urnalist / 2008 —>)
Alex lived !H Canad a fro m 2 0 0 1 . t o 2 0 0 9 ..............................
Alex lived in Can ad a............................................................................2009
A lex has lived in Eng land ............................................................................
Karen lived in .....................................................................................................
Karen has lived i n ............................................................................................
Clare w o rk ed .........................................................2010.................................
Clare has w o rk ed .............................................................................................
Ad am was a ........................................................................................................
Ad am has b een ................................................................................................
N ow write sentences with for.
10 (Alex / Canad a) A laxjiyed jn Canad a fp r.ejg h t yaars...
11 (Alex / England) Alex has lived in En g lan d ...............................
12 (Karen / Switzerland ) Karen h as.................................................................
13 (Clare / a restaurant) Clare w o rk ed .........................................................
14 (Clare / a hotel) Clare ............................................................................
15 (Ad am / a teacher) A d am .........................................................................
16 (Ad am / a jo urnalist) A d am .........................................................................
W rite until/ since/ for.
1 Sue and Dave have been m arried sin ce..1998.
2 I was tired this m orning. I stayed in b ed ................................10 o'clock.
3 W e waited for Su e .............................half an hour, but she didn't com e.
4 'Have you just arrived?' 'No, I've been h ere.................................half past seven.'
5 'H o w long did you stay at the p arty last night?'.........'...........................m idnight.'
6 Dan and I are good friends. W e have known each o t h er ten years.
7 I'm tired. I'm going to lie d o w n ................................a few m inutes.
8 Don't open the d o or o f the t rain ...............................the train stops.
9 This is m y house. I've lived h ere I was seven years old.
10 Jack has gone away. He'll be aw ay.................................W ednesday.
11 N ext w eek I'm going to Paris..............................three days.
12 I usually finish w o rk at 5.30, but som etim es I w o r k ...................six.
13 'H o w long have you known Anna?' '................................we were at school together.'
14 W here have you been? I've been waiting for y o u ................................ tw en t y m inutes.

1 0 5 Abefore after during while
before, during and after
before the film
during the film
after the film
O Everyb ody feels nervous before exams.
O I fell asleep during the film.
O W e were tired after our visit to the m useum .
before, w hile and after
m ggm
M M H I h
- :
: mI : 1111
before we played w hile we were playing after we played
O Don't forget to close the w in d o w before you go out.
O I often fall asleep w hile I'm reading.
O They w ent ho m e after they did the shopping.
during w hile and for
W e use during + n ou n (d uring the film). W e use w hile + verb (w hile I'm reading):
O W e didn't speak during the meal.
b u t
W e didn't speak w hile we were eating (n o t during we were eating)
Use for (n o t during ) + a p erio d o f tim e (three days / tw o hours / a year etc.):
O W e played tennis for tw o hours, (n o t during t w o hours)
O
I lived in London for a year. (n o t during a year)
You can use before/ after + -ing (before going / after eating etc.):
O I always have breakfast before going to w o rk. (= before I go to w o rk)
After doing the shopping, they w ent hom e. (= after they did)
W e say before going (n o t before to go), after doing (n o t after to d o ) e t c.:
O
G
Before eating the apple, I washed it carefully. (n o t before to eat)
I started w o rk after reading the newspaper. (n o t after to read)
past continuous (I was -ing) Units 13-14 before/ after/ while/ when -fr Unit 98 for Unit 104
prepositions + -ing ^ Unit 112

Exercises
Co m p let e t he sentences. Cho o se fro m the boxes.
lu n ch t h e end t h ey w en t t o A u st ralia
aft er d u rin g + t h e co n cert t h e exam yo u 're w ait in g
^ b efo re w h ile t h e co u rse t h e n ig h t
1 Everybody was n ervo u s b ef o r e t h e exa m .............................................................................................................................
2 I usually w o rk four hours in the m orning, and another three h o u rs.........................................................................
3 The film was really boring. W e le f t ...............................................................................................................................................
4 Anna w ent to evening classes to learn Germ an. She learnt a lo t ...............................................................................
5 M y aunt and uncle lived in Lo n d o n ............................................... ..............................................................................................
6 a : Som eb o d y broke a w in d o w .................................................................................................. Did yo u hear anything?
b: No, I w as asleep all the tim e.
7 W o uld you like to sit d o w n ...............................................................................................................................................................?
8 a : Are you going h o m e..................................................................................?
b: Yes, I have to get up early tom orrow.
W rit e d u rin g / w h ile/ fo r.
1 W e didn't sp eak while we were eating.
2 W e didn't sp eak d uring the meal.
3 Gary called ................................you were out.
4 Am y w ent to Italy and stayed in Ro m e................................five days.
5 I didn't check m y em ail...............................I was away.
6 The students looked very b o red .................................the lesson.
7 I fell o ut o f b ed I was asleep.
8 Last night I w atched T V ............................... three hours.
9 I don't usually w atch T V ...............................the day.
10 Do you ever w atch T V ................................you are having dinner?
Co m p let e t he sentences. Use - ing (d o ing , h avin g et c.).
1 A f t e r d o in g the shopping, they w ent hom e.
2 I felt sick aft er.......................................too m uch chocolate.
3 I'm going to ask you a question. Th in k carefully b efo re.........................................it.
4 I felt awful when I got up this m orning. I felt better aft er........................................a shower.
5 A f t e r m y w o rk, I left the office and w ent hom e.
6 Befo re........................................ to a foreign country, it's good to try and learn a little o f the language.
W rit e sentences w it h b efo re + - in g and af t er + - ing .
1 They did the shopping. Then they w ent hom e.
A f t e r doing, t h a s h p ^ ......................................................................................................................
2 John left school. Then he w o rked in a booksho p for t w o years.
John w o rked .............................................................. ..................................................................................................................................
3 I read for a few m inutes. Then I w ent to sleep.
Befo re...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 W e walked for three hours. W e were very tired.
A f t e r..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Let's have a cup o f coffee. Then we'll go o ut.
Let 's ............................................................................................................................................................................................................
221

Unit
1 0 6 in at on (places 1)
in
in a room
in a shop
in a car
in the water
in a garden
in a town
in the city centre
in Brazil
'Where's David?' In the kitchen. / In the garden. / In London.'
W hat's in that box / in that bag / in that cupboard?
Rachel w o rks in a shop / in a bank / in a factory.
I w ent for a swim in the river / in the pool / in the sea.
M ilan is in the north of Italy. Naples is in the south.
I live in a big city, but I'd like to live in the country.
at
at the bus stop at the d oor at the traffic lights at her desk
O There's som eb o d y at the bus stop / at the door.
O The car is waiting at the traffic lights.
0 Vicky is working at her desk.
at the top / at the bottom / at the end (o f ...):
O W rite yo ur nam e at the top of the page.
O M y house is at the end of the street.
at the top (o f the page)
n * =
at the b ottom (o f the page)
on
on a shelf
on a plate
on a balcony
on the floor
etc.
on a wall
on a door
on the ceiling
etc.
O There are som e books on the shelf and som e pictures on the wall
O There are a lot o f apples on those trees.
O Don't sit on the grass. It's wet.
O There is a stam p on the envelope.
on a horse / on a bicycle / on a m otorbike:
O W ho is that man on the m otorbike?
- st a m p
en velo p e
2 2 2 ( the top / the bottom Unit 70 at/ on/ in (tim e) Unit 103 in/ at/ on (places) Unit 107

Exercises
0 1m Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/ at/ on.
CD (t he kitchen) (D (the box)
(D (t he box) © (t he wall)
(t he bus stop) © (t he field ) (Z) (t he balcony) GD (t he pool)
© (the w ind o w ) © (the table)
02) (the table)
W here is he? I.H Tho kjTchan................................... 7
W here are the shoes? ..................................................... 8
W here is the pen? ............................................................ 9
W here is the clock? ......................................................... 10
W here is the bus? ............................................................. 11
W here are the horses? ................................................... 12
W here are they standing?
W here is she swim m ing?
W here is he standing? ......
W here is the spider? ..........
W here is he sitting? ...........
W here is she sitting? .........
W rite in/ at/ on.
Don't sit o n the grass. It's wet.
W h at do you h ave yo ur bag?
Look! There's a m an the roof. W hat's he doing?
There are a lot o f f ish .................this river.
O u r house is num b er 45 - the num b er is the door.
'Is the hospital near here?' 'Yes, turn le f t the traffic lights.'
It's d ifficult to p ark................. the centre o f town. It's better to take the bus.
M y sister lives.................Brussels.
There's a small p ark the top o f the hill.
I think I heard the doorbell. There's so m eb o d y the door.
M unich is a large c it y .................the south o f Germ any.
There are a few sh o p s.................the end o f the street.
It's d ifficult to carry a lot o f t h in g s a bike.
I looked at the list o f nam es. M y nam e w as.................the bottom .

Unit
107 on (places 2)
in
in bed
in hospital
in the sky
in the w o rld
in a newspaper / in a book
in a p ho to (g rap h) / in a picture
in a car / in a taxi
in the m id dle (o f ...)
O 'Where's Kate?'
O
O
O
O
'She's in bed.'
David's father is ill. He's in hospital.
I like to look at the stars in the sky at night.
W hat's the largest city in the world?
I read ab o ut the accid ent in the newspaper.
O You look sad in this picture.
O Did you com e here in your car?
O There's a big tree in the middle o f the garden.
at
at hom e
at w o rk / at school
at university / at college
at the station / at the airp ort
at Lisa's (ho use) / at m y sister's (ho use) /
at the doctor's / at the hairdresser's
etc.
at a co ncert / at a party / at a football
m atch etc.
O W ill you be at home this evening?
O 'Where's Kate?' 'She's at work.'
O Helen is studying law at university.
O I'll m eet you at the station, OK?
O a : W here were you yesterday?
b: At my sister's.
O I saw Tom at the doctor's.
O There weren't m any people at the party.
Often it is possible to use in or at for buildings (hotels, restaurants etc.):
O W e stayed at a nice hotel, o r W e stayed in a nice hotel.
on
on a bus
on a bus / on a train / on a plane /
on a ship
on the ground flo o r / on the first floor
etc.
on the w ay (to ...) / on the way hom e
on the first floor
O Did you com e here on the bus?
O The office is on the first floor.
O I m et Anna on the way to w o rk / on the way hom e.
224 ( in/ at/ on (places) 4 Unit 106 to/ in/ at Unit 108 on the left/ right Unit 109

Exercises
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/ at/ on.
CD (h o sp it al)
CD (t h e airp o rt ) (D (b ed ) © (a sh ip )
GD (t h e sky)
© (a p art y) © (t h e d o ct o r's) GD (t h e seco n d flo o r)
@5 (a t axi) (a w ed d in g )
1 W here is she? ....I.H.hospital................... ................. 7 W here is Steve? ................................................................
2 W here are they? ................................................................ 8 W here is the restaurant? .............................................
3 W here is he? ........................................................................ 9 W here is she? .....................................................................
4 W here are they? ....................................... .............. 10 W here are they? ...............................................................
5 W here are the stars? ............................... .............. 11 W here are they? ....................................................
6 W here are they? ................................................................ 12 W here are they? ...............................................................
W rit e in/ at/ on.
1 Helen is studying law a t university.
2 There was a big t ab le the m iddle o f the room .
3 W h at is the longest river................the world?
4 W ere there m any p eo p le...............the co ncert last night?
5 W ill you b e .................hom e to m o rro w afternoon?
6 W ho is the m an this photo? Do you kno w him ?
7 W here are yo ur children? Are t h e y school?
8 Gary is com ing by train. I'm going to m eet h im the station.
9 Charlie is.................hospital. He had an operation yesterday.
10 H o w m any pages are t h ere this book?
11 Are you hungry after yo ur journey?' 'No, I had som ething to e at the train.'
12 I'm so rry I'm late. M y car broke d o w n the way here.
13 'Is Tom here?' 'No, he's his friend's house.'
14 Don't believe everything you see the newspaper!
15 I walked to work, but I cam e h o m e the bus.
225

Unit
1 0 8 to in at (places 3)
to
go/ com e/ return/ w alk (etc) to
in/ at (- » Units 106- 107)
be/ stay/ do som ething (et c) in
TO
LON DON
LON DON f
IN
LON DON
O
We're going to London on Sunday.
I w ant to go to Italy next year.
W e w alked from m y house to the
centre of town.
W hat tim e do you go to bed?
O
Piccadilly Circus is in London.
M y b rother lives in Italy.
The m ain shops are in the centre of
town.
I like reading in bed.
be/ stay/ do som ething (etc.) a t ...
A IRPO RT!
4 km
AKPOItr
I
O The bus is going to the airport.
O Karen didn't go to w ork yesterday.
O I w ent to a party last night.
O You m ust com e to our house.
O The bus is at the airport.
O Sarah wasn't at w ork yesterday.
O I m et a lot of people at the party.
O Helen stayed at her brother's house
hom e
go/ com e/ walk (et c) hom e (w it h o u t to):
O I'm tired. I'm going home.
O
(n o t to ho m e)
Did you w alk home?
be/ stay/ do som ething (etc.) at home:
I'm staying at hom e tonight.
Dan doesn't w o rk in an office.
He w orks at home.
arrive and get
arrive in a co untry or town (arrive in Italy / arrive in Paris etc.):
They arrived in this country last week. (n o t arrived to this co untry)
arrive at o ther places (arrive at the station / arrive at w ork etc.):
W h at tim e did you arrive at the hotel? (n o t arrive to the hotel)
get to (a place):
W h at tim e did you get to the hotel?
O W h at tim e did you get to Paris?
get hom e / arrive hom e (no preposition).
I was tired w hen I got home, o r I was tired w hen I arrived home.
226 ( been to - » Unit 17 get (to ...) ^ Unit 56 in/ at - » Units 106- 107

Exercises
W rit e t o o r in.
1 I like read ing in bed.
2 We're g o in g ...............Italy next m onth.
3 Sue is on h o lid ay Italy at the m o m ent.
4 I have to g o ................the hospital tom orrow.
5 I was t ired so I st ayed bed late.
6 W h at tim e do you usually g o bed?
7 Does this bus g o ...................the centre?
8 W o uld you like to live another country?
W rit e t o o r at if necessary. O n e sentence is alread y co m p lete, and no w o rd is necessary.
1 Paula didn't g o t o ........w o rk yesterday.
2 I'm tired. I'm g o in g r . hom e, (a lrea d y co m p let e)
3 Tina is no t very well. She has g o n e ............. the doctor.
4 W o uld you like to co m e................. a party on Saturday?
5 'Is Lisa home?' 'No, she's g o n e work.'
6 There were 20,000 p eo p le the football m atch.
7 W h y did you g o .............hom e early last night?
8 A boy jum p ed into the river and sw am the o ther side.
9 There were a lot o f people w ait in g ...............the bus stop.
10 W e had a good m eal........a restaurant, and then we w ent b ack .................................. the hotel.
W rit e t o , at o r in if necessary. O n e sentence is alread y co m p lete, and no w o rd is necessary.
1 I'm not going o ut this afternoon. I'm st ayin g a t hom e.
2 We're g o in g .................a co ncert to m o rro w evening.
3 I w e n t ...............N ew Yo rk last year.
4 H o w long did you st ay N ew York?
5 N ext year we hope to g o Canad a to visit som e friends.
6 Do you w ant to g o ...............the cinem a this evening?
7 Did you park yo ur c a r ...............the station?
8 After the accid ent three people were t ak en hospital.
9 H o w often do you g o the dentist?
10 'Is Sarah here?' 'No, she's Helen's.'
11 M y house is the end o f the street on the left.
12 I w e n t ...............M aria's house, but she w asn 't ...................hom e.
13 There were no taxis, so we had to w alk hom e.
14 'W ho did you m eet ...............the party?' 'I didn't g o the party.'
W rit e t o , at o r in if necessary. So m et im es t he sentence is alread y co m p lete, and no w o rd is
necessary.
1 W h at tim e do you usually g et work? 4 W hen did you arrive London?
2 W h at tim e do you usually g et hom e? 5 W h at tim e does the train g et Paris?
3 W h at tim e did you arrive the party? 6 W e arrived ho m e very late.
Co m p let e these sentences ab o ut yo urself. Use t o / in / at .
1 A t 3 o'clock this m orning I w as i.Q bed...........................................................................................................................
2 Yesterday I w e n t ..........................................................................................................................................................................
3 A t 11 o'clock yesterday m orning I w as......................................................................................................................
4 O ne day I'd like to g o ......................................................................................................................................................
5 I don't like g o in g ..............................................................................................................................................................
6 A t 9 o'clock yesterday evening I w as..............................................................................................................

Unit
1 0 9 Aunder, behind, opposite etc
next to / beside / between / in front of / behind
A! b! • n
A is next to B. o r A is beside B.
B is between A and C.
D is in front of B.
E is behind B.
also
A is on the left.
C is on the right.
B is in the m iddle (o f the group).
opposite / in front of
A is sitting in front of E
A is sitting opposite C.
Cis sitting opposite A.
by (= next to / beside)
O
O u r house is by the sea. (= beside the sea)
O W h o is that man standing by the w indow?
O If you feel cold, w hy don't you sit by the fire?
by the w in d o w
under
rtf
under the table
O The cat is under the table.
O The girl is standing under a tree.
O I'm wearing a jacket under m y coat.
above and below
A
A is above the line.
(= higher than the line)
g g j j j g r . :
The p ictures are
above the shelves.
B
B is below the line.
(= lower than the line)
The shelves are
m i M R below the pictures.
228
( up/ over/ through etc. - » Unit 110 by ■ » Unit 111

Exercises
W here are the people in the picture? Com plete the sentences.
A LA N BECKY CARL
D A N IELA
FRAN K
1 Carl is st an d in g ....behind.... Frank.
2 Frank is sit t in g ......................... Em m a.
3 Em m a is sit t in g ....................... Becky.
4 Em m a is sit t in g ....................... Daniela and Frank.
5 Daniela is sit t in g ..................... Em m a.
6 Frank is sit t in g ......................... Carl.
7 Alan is st an d in g ...................... Daniela.
8 Alan is st an d in g ...................... left.
9 Becky is st an d in g ................... ...........m iddle.
Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences.
ij-
_
FIO N A
PAUL
1 The cat is und er the table.
2 There is a big t ree............................... the house.
3 The plane is flyin g ...............................the clouds.
4 She is st an d in g ................................ the piano.
5 The cinem a is...............................the right.
6 She's st an d in g ...............................the fridge.
7 The switch is...............................the w indow.
8 The cupboard is.................................the sink.
9 There are som e sh o es.................................the bed.
10 The plant is...............................the piano.
11 Paul is sit t in g ...............................Fiona.
12 In Britain people d rive.................................the left.
W rite sentences about the picture.
PAUL S OFFICE
SU PERM A RKET
TH EA TRE
1 (n ext to ) Ih e.b an k js.n ext t o t h a.b p p k sh o p ,...............
2 (in fro nt o f) Th e .......................................................... in front o f
3 (o p p osite)
4 (n ext to ) ..
BO O KSH O P,
5 (ab ove)
BAN K
FO UN TAIN
6 (b etw een)

Unit
1 1 0 up, over, through etc.
to
O Jane is going to France next week.
O W e walked from the hotel to the station.
O A lot o f English words com e from Latin.
from
Iinto (in)
O W e jum p ed into the water.
O A man cam e out of the house and got
into a car.
O W h y are you looking out of the wind o w ?
O I took the old batteries out of the radio.
W e say put som ething in ... (n o t usu ally into):
O I put new batteries in the radio.
out of
on
O
O
Don't put yo ur feet on the table.
Please take yo ur feet off the table.
O I'm going to hang som e pictures on the wall.
O Be careful! Don't fall off yo ur bike.
O W e got on the bus in Princes Street.
c v
off
\ u p |
O W e walked up the hill to the house.
O Be careful! Don't fall down the stairs.
^ o w n |
over
O The plane flew over the m ountains.
O I jum p ed over the wall into the garden.
O Som e people say it is unlucky to walk under
a ladder.
O A bird flew into the room through a
w ind o w .
O The old road goes through the village.
O The new road goes round the village.
O The bus stop is just round the corner.
O
I walked round the town and took
som e photographs.
You can also use around (= round):
O W e walked around the town.
round
round the town
along
O I was walking along the road w ith m y dog.
O Let's go for a w alk along the river.
O The dog swam across the river.
past
O They walked past m e w it h o u t speaking.
O a: Excuse me, how do I get to the hospital?
b: Go along this road, past the cinema,
under the bridge and the hospital is on
the left.
cinem a
h o sp it al
bridge
( get in/ on etc. Unit 56 in/ on Units 106- 107 to Unit 108 fall off / run away etc. Unit 114 )

Exercises
Som ebody asks you how to get to a place.
You say which way to go. Look at the pictures
and write sentences beginning Go ....
-
...GO 'p a e t ...
t h e ch u r ch .
the bridge. the the steps.
this street
Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences.
The dog swam ...acro ss....the river. 6 Suddenly a car cam e
A book fell .....................the shelf. 7 They d ro ve....................
A plane flew ........................the village. 8 They g o t .........................
A w o m an got ........................... the car. 9 The m oon travels
A girl ran ............. .................the road. 10 They g o t .......................t
Com plete the sentences. Use over/ from / into etc.
1 I lo o ked .................................the w ind o w and w atched the people in the street.
2 M y house is very near here. It's ju st the corner.
3 'Where's m y phone?' 'You put i t yo ur bag.'
4 H o w far is i t ...............................h ere the airport?
5 W e w alked ...............................the m useum for an ho ur and saw a lot o f interesting things.
6 You can put yo ur co at .................................the back o f the chair.
7 In tennis, you have to hit the b all.................................the net.
8 Silvia took a k ey.................................her bag and opened the door.

Unit
111 at by with about
on
on holiday
on television
on the radio
on the phone
on fire
on tim e (= not late)
Jane isn't at w o rk this week. She's on holiday.
W e w atched the news on TV.
W e listened to the news on the radio.
I spoke to Rachel on the phone last night.
The house is on fire! Call the fire brigade.
'W as the train late?' 'No, it was on time.'
at
at (the age of) 21 / at 50 kilom etres an hour / at 100 degrees e t c.:
O Lisa got m arried at 21. (o r... at the age of 21.)
O A car uses m ore petrol at 120 kilom etres an hour than at 90.
O W ater boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
by
by car / by bus / by plane / by bike e t c.:
O Do you like travelling by train?
O Jane usually goes to w o rk by bike.
b u t on foot:
O You can't get there by car. You have to
go on foot. (= you have to w alk)
a book by ... / a painting by ... / a piece o f m usic
b y ... e t c.:
O Have you read any books by Charles
Dickens?
O W ho is that painting by? Picasso?
by after the passive (—» Unit 21):
O I was bitten by a dog.
on foot
by bus
- th e title
by
th e w r it er
w ith/ w ithout
O Did you stay at a hotel or w ith friends?
O W ait for me. Please don't go w ithout me.
O Do you like yo ur coffee w ith or w ithout milk?
O I cut the paper w ith a pair of scissors.
a man w ith a beard / a w om an w ith glasses e t c.:
O Do you know that man w ith the beard?
O I'd like to have a house w ith a big garden.
a man
w ith a beard
a w o m an
w ith glasses
about
talk/ speak/ think/ hear/ know a b o u t ...
O Som e people talk about their w ork all the tim e.
O I don't know m uch about cars.
W m
a book / a question / a program m e / inform ation (etc.) a b o u t ...
O There was a program m e about volcanoes on TV last night. Did you see it?
232 ( by Units 21, 63,109 at/ on Units 103,106- 107 preposition + -ing ^ Unit 112

Exercises
Com plete the sentences. Use on + these words:
holiday the phone the radio T V tim e
1 W e heard the n ew s Qn t h e r a d l o .....
2 Please don't be late. Try to be h ere........................................................................
3 I w on't be here next week. I'm g o in g ........................................................................
4 'Did you see Linda?' 'No, but I talked to h e r.........................................................................'
5 'W h at 's........................................................................this evening?' 'N othing that I w ant to watch.'
Look at the pictures. Com plete the sentences with at/ by/ w ith etc.
1 I cut the p ap er..w it h.....a pair o f 6
scissors. 7
2 She usually goes to w o r k car. 8
3 W h o is the w o m an sho rt hair? 9
4 They are t alkin g ..............the weather. 10
5 The car is fire.
She's listening to som e m u sic M o zart.
The plane is flyin g 600 miles an hour.
Th ey're holiday.
Do you know the m an sunglasses?
He's reading a b o o k .................gram m ar
Vera P. Bull.
Com plete the sentences. Use at/ by/ w ith etc.
1 In tennis, you hit the b all.................a racket.
2 It's cold today. Don't go o u t .................a coat.
3 H a m let, O thello and M a cb et h are p lays W illiam Shakespeare.
4 Do you know an yt h in g com puters?
5 M y g rand m o ther d ied .................the age o f 98.
6 H o w long does it take from N ew Yo rk to Los A n g eles plane?
7 I didn't go to the football m atch, but I w atched i t .................TV.
8 M y house is the o n e the red d o o r on the right.
9 These trains are very fast. They can t ravel very high speeds.
10 I don't use m y car very often. I prefer to g o bike.
11 Can you give m e som e in fo rm at io n ............... hotels in this town?
12 I was arrested t w o policem en and taken to the police station.
13 TTie buses here are very good. ITiey're nearly alw ays tim e.
14 W h at w o uld you like to d rin k yo ur meal?
15 W e travelled from Paris to M o sco w ................train.
16 The m useum has som e p ain ting s Rem b randt.

Unit afraid of..., good at... etc.
112 of/ at/ for etc. (prepositions) + -ing
A afraid of... / good at... etc. (a d ject ive + p rep o sitio n )
W M
I
mm
It f l
■ MMI
ppp.
■
■ j j |
M M i
*
afraid of... / scared of...
angry with so m ebody
angry about som ething
different from ...
or different to ...
fed up with ...
full of
good at...
interested in ...
married to ...
nice/kind of so m ebody to ...
be nice/kind to som eb ody
O Are you afraid of dogs?
O W h y are you angry with me? W hat have I done?
O Are you angry about last night? (= som ething that
O
O
happened last night)
Lisa is very different from (o r to) her sister.
I'm fed up with m y job. I w ant to do som ething different.
(= I've had enough o f m y jo b )
O The room was full of people.
O Are you good at maths?
O
I'm not interested in sport.
O Sue is married to a dentist. (= her husband is a dentist)
O
O
It was kind of you to help us. Thank you very m uch.
David is very friendly. He's always very nice to me.
sorry about a situation
sorry for/about doing som ething
be/ feel sorry for so m ebody
O
O
O
I'm afraid I can't help you. I'm sorry about that.
I'm sorry for/about not phoning you yesterday.
(o r I'm sorry I didn't pho ne yo u)
I feel sorry for them . They are in a very d ifficult situation.
i n i
jggaMBgffi
'i
i|H P
■
of/at/for (etc.) + -ing
After a preposition (of/at/for etc.), a verb ends in -ing:
I'm not very good at telling stories.
Are you fed up with doing the sam e thing every day?
I'm so rry for not phoning you yesterday.
Thank you for helping me.
M ark is thinking of buying a new car.
Tom left without saying goodbye. (= he didn't say goodbye)
After doing the shopping, they w ent hom e.
234 ( before/ after -ing ^ Unit 105 think about/ of-» Unit 113
3

Exercises
Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences with of/ with/ in etc.
I sp ea k Germ an ,
Ru ssia n ,
Spanish ...
1 He's afraid o f dogs.
2 She's int erest ed science.
3 She's m arried a footballer.
4 She's very g o o d languages.
5 He's fed u p the weather.
6 a: Can I help you?
b: Thanks, that's very k in d you.
Com plete the sentences with in/ of/ with etc.
1 I'm no t int erest ed in sport.
2 I'm not very g o o d .......................sport.
3 I like Sarah. She's always very k in d .........................me.
4 I'm so rry.......................yo ur broken wind o w . It was an accident.
5 He's very brave. He isn't scared .........................anything.
6 It was very n ice.......................Jane to let us stay in her ap artm ent.
7 Life today is very d ifferen t .........................life 50 years ago.
8 Are you int erest ed .........................politics?
9 I feel so rry.........................her, but I can't help her.
10 Chris was an g ry.........................w hat happened.
11 These boxes are very heavy. They are f u ll.........................books.
12 I'm so rry.......................getting an g ry..........................you yesterday.
Com plete the sentences.
1 I'm not v e r y Q Q o d a t t e K n g stories, (good/ tell)
2 I w anted to go to the cinem a, but Paula w asn 't ............................................................................... (interested/ go)
3 Sue isn't v e ry up in the m orning, (g ood/ get)
4 Let's go! I'm ................................................................................................ (fed up / w ait)
5 I'm ............................................................................................... you up in the m iddle o f the night, (so rry/ w ake)
6 Sorry I'm late! .................................................................................................. (t hank you / w ait)
Com plete the sentences. Use w ithout -ing.
1 (To m left / he didn't say goodbye) Tom laft. w itho ut saying goodbye.
2 (Sue walked past m e / she didn't speak)
Sue w alked .......................................................................
3 (Do n't do anything / ask me first)
D o n 't ...................................................................................
4 (I w ent o ut / 1didn't lock the d o o r)
I .............................................................,....
W rite sentences about yourself.
(interested ) I’mj
(scared )
I'm ...................................................
(n o t very good) I'm n o t ..........................................
(n o t interested)
(fed up)

Unit
1 1 3 listen to ..., look at ,. etc. (verb + preposition)
ask (so m eb o d y) f o r ...
O
Don't ask m e for m oney. I don't have any.
belong to ...
happen to ...
listen to ...
talk to som eb o d y ( ab o u t ...)
speak to som ebody ( ab o u t ...)
thank som ebody f o r ...
think a b o u t ... or t hink of
w ait f o r ...
O This house doesn't belong to me. (= it's not m ine)
O I can't find m y phone. W hat's happened to it?
O Listen to this m usic. It's great.
O Did you talk to Paul about the problem ?
O Id like to speak to the manager, please.
O Thank you very m uch for yo ur help.
O He never thinks about (or of) o ther people.
O M ark is thinking of (or about) buying a car.
O W ait for me. I'm nearly ready.
N ote that we say call/ phone/ text/ em ail som eb o d y (no preposition):
O I have to phone m y parents today.
(n o t phone to m y parents)
O Shall I text you or em ail you?
look at / look for / look after
look a t ...
O He's looking at his watch.
O Look at these flowers! They're beautiful.
O W h y are you looking at m e like that?
look f o r ...
(= try to find )
O
O
She's lost her key. She's looking for it.
I'm looking for Sarah. Have you seen her?
look a f t e r ...
(= take care of, keep safe) O W hen Em ily is at w o rk, a friend o f hers
looks after her children.
O Don't lose this book. Look after it.
(= Keep it safe.)
depend
W e say depend on ...
O a: Do you like eating in restaurants?
b: Som etim es. It depends on the restaurant, (n o t it depends o f)
You can say it depends w hat/ w here/ how (etc.) w ith or w it ho u t on:
O a: Do you want to co m e out with us?
b: It depends w here you're going, o r It depends on w here you're going.
236 ( wait -» Unit 54 preposition + -ing ^ Unit 112
)

Exercises
Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences with to/ for/ at etc.
1 She's lo o kin g & her watch. 4 Paul is t alkin g ...................Jane.
2 He's listening the radio. 5 They're lo o kin g ...................a picture.
3 They're w ait in g ...............a taxi. 6 Sue is lo o kin g ...................Tom .
Com plete the sentences with to/ for/ about etc. Two sentences are already complete, and no word
is necessary.
1 Thank you very m u ch f o r yo ur help.
2 This isn't m y um brella. It b elo ng s a friend o f m ine.
3 I saw Steve, but I didn't sp eak him .
4 Don't forget to p h o n e yo ur m o ther tonight.
5 Than k y o u the present. It was lovely.
6 W h at h ap p en ed ..................Ella last night? W h y didn't she com e to the party?
7 We're t h in kin g .................going to Australia next year.
8 W e asked the w ait er coffee, but he brought us tea.
9 'Do you like reading books?' 'It d ep en d s the book.'
10 John was talking, but no b ody was listening w hat he was saying.
11 W e w ait ed Karen until 2 o'clock, but she didn't com e.
12 I t ext ed Lisa to tell her I w o uld be late.
13 He's alone all day. He never t alk s anybody.
14 'H o w m uch does it cost to stay at this hotel?' 'It d ep en d s...............the type o f room.'
15 Catherine is t h in kin g changing her job.
Com plete these sentences. Use at/ for/ after.
1 I lo o ked .........................the letter, but I didn't read it carefully.
2 W hen you are ill, you need som eb o d y to lo o k .......................you.
3 Excuse me, I'm lo o kin g .........................Hill Street. Is it near here?
4 Bye! Have a great holiday and lo o k .......................yourself.
5 I w ant to take a picture o f you. Please lo o k .........................the cam era and sm ile.
6 Ben is lo o kin g a job. He w ants to w o rk in a hotel.
A n sw er these q uestio ns w it h It d ep en d s . . . .
\ \ .___________________________________ y L
Do you w ant to go o ut w ith us?
Do you like eating in restaurants?
Do you enjoy w atching TV?
Can you do so m ething for me?
Are you going away this weekend?
Can you lend m e som e m oney?
!t depends ^
jt.dapend5 .pn tha.nestaurant....
It d ep en d s...................................................
It ........................................................................

go in, fall off, run away etc.
1 1 4 (phrasal verbs 1)
A p h ra sa l verb is a verb (go/ look/ be etc.) + in/ out/ up/ down et c
out
O I waited o utside the shop. I didn't go in.
O Sarah opened the d o o r o f the car and
got in. (= into the car)
O I w ent to the w in d o w and looked out.
O The car stopped and a w om an got out.
(= out of the car)
on
off
FALL OFF
GET ON i
up
t
O The bus cam e, and I got on.
STAN D UP
O Be careful! Don't fall off.
downIO The picture fell down.
O He stood up and left the room .
O I usually get up early. (= get o ut o f
bed)
O W e looked up at the stars in the sky.
O W o u ld you like to sit down?
O Lie dow n on the floor.
away o r off
back
co
O
O
RUN AW A Y
The thief ran away, (o r ... ran off)
Em m a got into the car and drove away.
( o r ... drove off)
CO M E BACK
O Go away and don't com e back!
O W e w ent o ut for d inner and then w ent
back to o ur hotel.
be/ go away (= in/ to another place)
O Tom has gone away for a few days.
over
be back
O Tom is away. He'll be back on M onday.
round (o r around)
c*.
OO So m eb o d y shouted m y nam e, so I
CLIM B O VER
TU RN O VER
O ITie wall wasn't very high, so we
clim bed over.
Turn over and look at the next page.
O
looked round (o r around).
W e w ent for a long walk. After an hour
we turned round (o r around) and
w ent back.
238 ( get Unit 56 put on / take off etc. (phrasal verbs 2) Unit 115 more phrasal verbs Appendix 6 )

Exercises
it m Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences. Use these verbs + in/ out/ up etc.
got got looked looked rode sat turned w ent
1 I w ent to the w ind o w an d looked o u t 5 | said hello, and h e .........................
2 The door was open, so w e ........................................... 6 The bus stopped, and sh e........
3 He heard a plane, so h e ................................................. 7 There was a free seat, so sh e ...
4 She got on her bike an d ................................................ 8 A car stopped, and tw o m en .
^
Complete the sentences. Use out/ aw ay/ back etc.
1 'W hat happened to the picture on the wall?' 'It f ell...d o w n ........ ;
2 W ait a m inute. Don't g o .............................. I w ant to ask you so m ething .
3 Lisa heard a noise behind her, so she lo o ked ...............................to see w hat it was.
4 I'm g o in g .................................no w to do som e shopping. I'll b e at 5 o'clock.
5 I'm feeling very tired. I'm going to lie ................................on the sofa.
6 W hen you have read this page, t u r n ................................and read the o ther side.
7 M ark is from Canada. He lives in London now, but he w ants to g o to Canada.
8 W e haven't got a key to the house, so we can't g et .................................
9 I was very tired this m orning. I couldn't g et ...............................
10 a : W hen are you g o in g .................................?
b: On the 5th. And I'm co m in g on the 24th.
Before you do this exercise, study the verbs in Appendix 6 (page 250). Com plete the sentences.
Choose a verb from the box + on/ off/ up etc. If necessary, put the verb into the correct form.
break
carry
fall
get
give
go
hold
slow
speak
take
wake
+ on/ off/ up/ dow n/ over
1 I w ent to sleep at 10 o'clock an d woke .up at 8 o'clock the next m orning.
2 'It's tim e to go.' '................................................................................a m inute. I'm not ready yet.'
3 The t rain ................................................................................and finally stopped.
4 I like flying, but I'm always nervous when the p lan e................................................................................
5 H o w are yo ur children? H o w are t h e y ................................................................................at school?
6 It's d ifficult to hear you. Can y o u .....................................................................a little?
7 This car isn't very good. It h as................................................................................m any tim es.
8 W hen babies try to walk, they so m et im es................................................................................
9 The hotel isn't far from here. If y o u ................................................................................along this road, you'll see it
on the left.
10 I tried to find a job, but I ................................................................................ It was im possible.
11 The fire alarm ..............................................................................and everyone had to leave the building.

Unit put on your shoes
1 1 5 (phrasal verbs 2)
put your shoes on
Som etim es a phrasal verb (put on / take off et c) has an o b ject For exam ple:
verb
o b ject
put on yo ur coat
verb
o b ject
t ak eo f f yo ur shoes
You can say:
You can say:
put on yo ur coat
take off yo ur shoes
o r put yo ur coat on o r take yo ur shoes off
Bu t it/ them (p r o n o u n s) always go before on/ off e t c :
put it on (n o t put on it)
take them off ( n o t take o ff them )
O
It was cold, so I put on m y coat.
o r ... I put m y coat on.
O
I'm going to take off m y shoes.
o r ... take m y shoes off.
O
Here's yo ur coat. Put it on.
O
Yo ur shoes are dirty. Take them off.
Som e m ore phrasal verbs + o b ject :
turn on / turn off (lights, m achines, taps etc.):
O It was dark, so I turned on the light.
o r ... I turned the light on.
O I don't w ant to w atch this program m e.
You can turn it off.
also sw itch on / switch off (lights, m achines etc.):
O I sw itched on the light and sw itched off the television,
pick up / put down:
O Tho se are m y keys on the floor.
Can you pick them up for me?
O I stopped reading and put m y b ook
down.
o r ... put down m y book.
PICK UP
bring back / take back / give back / put back:
O You can take m y um brella, but please
bring it back.
O I took m y new sweater back to the
shop. It was too sm all for me.
O I've got Rachel's keys. I have to give them
back to her.
O I read the letter and then put it back in
the envelope.
BRIN G BACK
240
[ go in / fall off etc. (phrasal verbs 1) 4 Unit 114 more phrasal verbs + object Appendix 7

Exercises
Look at the pictures. W hat did these people do?
1 H e turned on the light 4 Sh e.
2 Sh e............................................................................................... 5 He
3 H e ................................................................................................. 6 Sh e.........................................
You can write these sentences in three different ways. Com plete the table.
I turned on the radio.
He put on his jacket.
She..
picked up the phone.
They gave back the key.
I turned the radio on.
He.
She took her glasses off.
W e turned the lights off.
H e.
I turned it on.
Com plete the sentences. Use these verbs with it or them ,
bring back pick up switch off take back turn o rr
1 I w anted to w atch som ething on TV, so I Turned j t o n
2 M y new lam p doesn't w ork. I'm going t o ...............................................................................to the shop.
3 There were som e gloves on the floor, so I .............................................................................. and put them on
the table.
4 The heating was on but it was too warm , so I ................................................................................
5 Thank you for lending m e these books. I won't forget t o ................................................................................
Before you do this exercise, study the verbs in Appendix 7 (page 251). Com plete the sentences.
Use a verb from the box. Som etim es you will also need to use it/ them / m e.
fill in knock down look up show round turn dow n
give up knock over put out throw away try on
1 Th e y kno cked a lot o f h o u ses down w hen they built the new road.
2 That m usic is very loud. Can y o u Turn j t down ?
3 I ..................................................................... a glass and broke it.
4 'W hat does this word mean?' 'W hy don't y o u ........................................................................?'
5 I w ant to keep these m agazines. Please d o n 't .......................................................................
6 I ..................................................................... a pair o f shoes in the shop, but I didn't buy them .
7 I visited a school last week. One o f the t each ers........................................................................
8 'Do you play the piano?' 'No, I started to learn, but I ...................................................................after a m onth.
9 Som eb o d y gave me a form and told m e t o ........................................................................
10 Sm oking isn't allowed here. Please........................................yo ur cig aret t e..........................................
2-

Appendix 1
Active and passive
active
p a ssive
p resen t
O
W e m ake butter from m ilk.
O Butter is m ade from m ilk.
sim p le
Som ebody cleans these room s
These room s are cleaned every day.
every day.
People never invite me to parties.
I am never invited to parties.
p a st
sim p le
O H o w do they m ake butter?
O Som eb o d y stole m y car last week.
O So m ebody stole m y keys yesterday.
O They didn't invite me to the party.
O W hen did they build these houses?
O H o w is butter m ade?
Q
M y car w as stolen last week.
O M y keys were stolen yesterday.
O I wasn't invited to the party.
O W hen were these houses built?
p resen t
co n t in u o u s
p a st
co n t in u o u s
G ITiey are building a new airp o rt at
the m o m ent. (= it isn't finished)
3 They are building som e new houses
near the river.
O W hen I was here a few years ago,
they were building a new airport.
(= it wasn't finished at that tim e)
Q A new airp o rt is being built at the
m o m ent.
O Som e new houses are being built
near the river.
O W hen I was here a few years ago, a
new airp ort was being b uilt
p resen t
p erfect
p a st
p er fect
O Look! They have painted the door.
O These shirts are clean. Som ebody
has w ashed them .
O So m ebody has stolen m y cat
Tina said that som ebody had stolen
her car.
O Look! The door has been painted.
O These shirts are clean. They have
been washed.
O M y car has been stolen.
O Tina said that her car had been
stolen.
w ill / can / m ust / have to etc.
a ct ive
o So m ebody will clean the office tom orrow.
o So m ebody m ust clean the office.
o I t hink they'll invite you to the party.
o They can't repair m y watch.
o You should w ash this sweater by hand.
p a ssive
O TTie office w ill be cleaned tom orrow.
o The office m ust be cleaned.
o I t hink yo u 'll be invited to the party.
o M y w atch can't be repaired.
o This sweater should be w ashed by hand.
o They are going to build a new airport.
o Som eb o d y has to wash these clothes.
o They had to take the injured man to
hospital.
o A new airp ort is going to be built.
o These clothes have to be washed.
o The injured man had to be taken to
hospital.
243

Appendix 2
List of irregular verbs (—> Unit 24)
in fin it ive p a st sim p le p a st p a r t icip le
be was/ were been
beat beat beaten
becom e becam e becom e
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
com e cam e com e
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
do did done
draw drew draw n
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
get got got
give gave given
go w ent gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
leave left left
lend lent lent
in fin it ive p a st sim p le p a st p a r t icip le
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
m ake m ade m ade
m ean m eant m eant
m eet m et m et
pay paid paid
put put put
read (reed)* read (red)* read (red )*
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
sho w showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
t hink thought thought
t hro w threw throw n
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear w ore w orn
win won won
w rite w rote w ritten
* p ro n u n cia t io n
Som e verbs can be regular (-ed) or irregular (-t):
in fin it ive
p a st sim p le / p a st p a r t icip le
in fin it ive
p a st sim p le / p a st p a r t icip le
burn
burned o r burnt
learn
learned or learnt
dream
dream ed o r dream t
sm ell
sm elled o r sm elt
244

Appendix 3
Irregular verbs in groups
The p a st sim p le a n d p a st p a r t icip le are th e sa m e: The p a st sim p le a n d p a st p a r t icip le are differen t:
cost - > cost
cut —> cut
hit hit
hurt -> hurt
let —> let
put —> put
shut —» shut
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
speak —> spoke spoken
steal stole stolen
wake -> woke woken
lend —> lent lose
send -> sent shoot
spend -> spent get
build —> built light
sit
burn -> burnt
learn —> learnt keep
smell —> sm elt sleep
feel —> felt
leave —> left
m eet m et
dream —> dream t (d rem t)*
mean m eant (m ent)*
bring —> brought (b ro rt)*
buy - » bought (b o rt )*
fight —> fought (fo rt)*
think —> thought (t h o rt )*
catch —» caught (ko rt)*
teach taught (t o rt)*
sell —> sold
tell —> told
lost
—> shot
- > got
-> lit
—» sat
kept
slept
drive —> drove driven
ride - » rode ridden
rise -> rose risen
w rite w rote w ritten
beat —> beat beaten
bite —> bit bitten
hide —> hid hidden
eat —> ate eaten
fall fell fallen
forget forgot forgotten
give -> gave given
see saw seen
take took taken
blow —> blew blown
grow - > grew grown
know - > knew known
thro w - > threw throw n
fly —> flew flown
draw drew draw n
sho w - > showed shown
find found
have -> had
hear - > heard
hold -> held
read -> read (red)*
say -> said (sed)*
begin —> began begun
drink —> drank drunk
swim —> swam swum
ring - > rang rung
sing - > sang sung
pay
m ake
—> paid
—> m ade
run - > ran run
stand
und erstand
—> stood
—> understood
co m e cam e com e
beco m e —> becam e
becom e
* pronunciation

Appendix 4
Short forms (he's / I'd / don't etc.)
In spoken English we usually p ro no unce 'I am' as one word. The short form (I'm) is a way o f w riting
this:
I am —> I'm o
it is —> it's o
they have - 4 they've o
etc.
W hen we w rite sho rt form s, we u se ' (a n a p o st r o p h e):
IX m —H 'm h e ^ - ^ h e 's you M ve —» yo u've she M il - 4 she'll
am -> 'm I'm
is - > 's he's she's it's
are —> 're we're you're they're
have —> 've I've we've you've they've
has - > 's he's she's it's
had 'd I'd he'd she'd we'd you'd they'd
will - » 'II I'll he'll she'll we'll you'll they'll
w o uld - > 'd I'd he'd she'd we'd you'd they'd
O
I've got som e new shoes.
O W e'll probably go o ut this evening.
O
's = is o r has:
It's 10 o'clock. Yo u're late again.
O She's going o ut this evening, (she's going = she is going)
O She's gone out. (she's gone = she has gone)
'd = w ould o r had:
O a : W h at w ould you like to eat?
b: I'd like a salad please. (I'd like = I w ould like)
O I told the police that I'd lost m y passport. (I'd lost = I had lost)
Do not use 'm/ 's/ 'd etc. at the end o f a sentence (—» Unit 40):
O 'Are you tired?' 'Yes, I am.' (n o t Yes, I'm.)
O She isn't tired, but he is. (n o t he's)
c > W e use short form s w ith l/ you/ he/ she etc., but you can use short fo rm s (esp ecially's) w ith other
word s too:
O W ho's yo ur favourite singer? (= w ho is)
O W hat's the tim e? (= w hat is)
O There's a big tree in the garden. (= there is)
O M y sister's working in London. (= m y sister is w o rking )
O
Paul's gone out. (= Paul has gone o ut)
O W hat colour's yo ur car? (= W h at co lo ur is yo ur car?)
246

Negative sho rt form s (—> Unit 43):
isn't (= is no t) don't (= do no t) can't (= canno t)
aren't (= are no t) doesn't (= does no t) couldn't (= could no t)
w asn't (= was no t) didn't (= did no t) w on't (= will no t)
w eren't (= were no t) w ouldn't (= w o uld no t)
hasn't (= has no t) shouldn't (= sho uld no t)
haven't (= have no t) m ustn't (= m ust no t)
hadn't (= had no t)
O W e w ent to her house, but she wasn't at hom e.
O 'Where's David?' 'I don't know. I haven't seen him.'
O You w o rk all the tim e. You shouldn't w o rk so hard.
O I won't be here tom orrow. (= I will no t)
's (a p o st r o p h e + s)
's can m ean different things:
(1) 's = is o r has (—> section 4.2 o f this ap p end ix)
O It's raining. (= It is raining)
O It's stopped raining. (= It has stopped)
(2) let's = let us (—> Units 35, 53)
O It's a lovely day. Let's go o ut. (= Let us go o ut.)
(3) Kate's cam era = her cam era
m y brother's car = his car
the manager's office = his/ her office etc.
(—> Unit 64)
Com pare:
O Kate's cam era was very expensive. (Kate's cam era = her cam era)
□ Kate's a very good photographer. (Kate's = Kate is)
O Kate's got a new cam era. (Kate's got = Kate has got)

Appendix 5
Spelling
W ords + -s and -es (b ird s/ w atches et c)
n ou n + s (p lural) (—> Unit 66)
bird —> birds m istake —> m istakes hotel —» hotels
verb + s (he/ she/ it -s) (- » Unit 5)
think —» thinks live —> lives rem em b er —> rem em bers
b u t
+ es after -s / -sh / -ch / - x
bus —> buses pass —> passes
dish —> dishes w ash —> washes
w at ch —> w atches teach —> teaches
box —> boxes
address —> addresses
finish —> finishes
sand w ich —> sand w iches
also
potato —» p otatoes
do —> does
tom ato —> tom ato es
go —> goes
-f / -fe —» -ve s
shelf —» shelves knife —> knives but ro o f —> roofs
W ord s ending in - y (b ab y —> babies / stud y —» stud ied etc.)
- y —> - ies
stud y —» stud ies (not studys)
fam ily —> fam ilies (not fam ilys)
story —> stories city —» cities baby —> babies
try —> t ries m arry —> m arries fly —> flies
- y —> - ied (—> Unit 11)
stud y —> stud ied (not studyed)
try —> t ried m arry —» m arried co p y —> co p ied
- y - ier/ - iest (- > Units 87, 90)
easy —» easier/ easiest (not easyer/ easyest)
happy —> hap p ier/ hap p iest
heavy —> heavier/ heaviest
lucky —> lu ckier/ lu ckiest
funny —> fu n n ier/ fu n n iest
- y —> - ily (—> Unit 86)
easy> easily (not easyly)
happy —» hap p ily heavy —> heavily lucky —> luckily
y does not change to i if the ending is - ay/ - ey/ - o y/ - u y:
ho lid ay —> ho lid ays (n o t holidaies)
enjoy —> enjo ys/ enjo yed stay —> stays/ stayed b uy —» b uys key —> keys
b u t
say said p ay —> p aid (irreg u la r verbs)
248

Appendix 5
-ing
Verbs that end in -e (m ake/ w rite/ d rive etc.) —> -Xing:
m ake —> m aking w rit e —> w rit in g co m e —» co m ing d ance —> d ancing
Verbs that end in -ie —> -ying:
lie —> lying die —> dying tie —> tying
stop —> st o p p ed big —> bigger et c
Vowels and consonants:
Vow el letters: a e i o u
Co n so n a n t letters: b c d f g k l m n p r s t w y
Som etim es a w ord ends in a vow el + a co n so n a n t . For exam ple: stop, big get.
Before -ing/ -ed/ -er/ -est, p/ g/ t etc. becom e pp/ gg/ tt etc.
For exam ple:
stop ST
V+ C
O P P - > PP stopping sto p p ed
run R U N n —> n n running
get G E T t - » tt getting
swim SW 1 M m —» m m sw im m ing
big B 1 G g ^ g g bigger biggest
hot H O T t tt h o tter ho ttest
thin TH 1 N n —> nn thin n er t hinnest
V = vow el
C = co n so n a n t
This does n o t happen
(1) if the word ends in t w o co nso nant letters (C + C):
C+ C
help HE L P help ing helped
w o rk W O R K w orking , w o rked
fast FA S T faster fastest
(2) if the word ends in t w o vowel letters + a conso nant letter (V + V + C):
V+ V+ C
need N E E D needing needed
w ait W A I T w aiting w aited
cheap CH E A P cheaper cheap est
(3) in longer word s (t w o syllables or m ore) if the last part o f the w ord is n o t stressed:
stress
happen H AP- p en —> hap p ening / hap p ened (n o t hap p enned )
visit VIS- it —> visiting/ visited
rem em ber re- M EM - b er —> rem em b ering / rem em b ered
b u t
prefer p re- FER (stress a t th e en d ) —> preferring / p referred
begin b e- GIN (stress a t th e en d ) —> beginning
(4) if the w ord ends in - y or -w. (A t the end o f words, y and w are not consonants.)
enjoy —> enjoying/ enjoyed sno w —» sno w ing / sno w ed few fewer/ fewest

Appendix 6
Phrasal verbs (take off / give up etc.)
This is a list o f som e im p o rtant phrasal verbs (—» Unit 114).
on
carry on = con tin u e
O Don't stop working . Carry on. (= continue working )
O a : Excuse me, where is the station?
b: Carry on along this road and turn right at the lights. (= Co ntinue alo n g ...)
also g o on / w alk on / drive on etc. = co n tin u e g o in g ! w a M n g ld r ivin g etc.
O Don't stop here. Drive on.
off
com e on = be q u ick
O Com e on! Everyb ody is waiting for you.
get on = m a n a g e (in a jo b , a t sch ool, in an exa m etc.)
O H o w was yo ur exam ? H o w did you get on?
(= ho w did you do?)
hold on = w a it
O Can you hold on a m inute? (= can you wait?)
take off = leave th e g ro u n d (fo r p la n es)
O The plane took off 20 m inutes late, but
arrived on tim e.
TAKE O FF
go off = exp lo d e (a b o m b etc.) o r rin g (a n ala rm ,
an a la rm clo ck et c.)
O A bom b w ent off and caused a lot o f damage.
O A car alarm goes off if so m eb o d y tries to break into the car.
GO OFF
up
give up = st o p tryin g
O I know it's d ifficult, but don't give up.
(= don't stop trying)
grow up = b eco m e an a d u lt
O W h at does yo ur son w ant to do when he grows up?
hurry up = d o so m et h in g m o re q u ickly
O H urry up! W e haven't got m uch tim e.
speak up = sp ea k m ore lo u d ly
O I can't hear you. Can you speak up, please?
wake up = st o p sleepin g
O I often w ake up in the m iddle o f the night.
w ash up = w a sh th e p la t es etc. a ft er a m ea l
O Do you w ant me to wash up?
(o r ... to do the washing-up?)
GRO W UP
W AKE UP
W ASH UP
down
slow dow n = go m ore slo w ly
O You're driving too fast. Slow dow n!
break dow n = st o p w orkin g (fo r cars, m a ch in es etc.)
O
Sue was very late because her car broke down.
BREA K D O W N
over
fall over = lose y o u r b a la n ce
O
I fell over because m y shoes were too big for me.
FALL O VER

Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs + object
(put out a fire / give up your job etc.)
This is a list o f som e im p o rtant phrasal verbs + o b ject (—> Unit 115).
in / o u t
fill in / fill o u t a form = co m p let e a f o r m
O Can you fill in t h is f o rm , please? o r
Can you fill o u t t h is f o rm , please?
o u t
p u t o u t a fire, a cigarette etc.
O The fire brigade arrived and p u t t h e f ire o u t
pu t o u t
cro ss o u t a mistake, a w o rd etc.
O If you m ake a m istake, cro ss it o ut .
CROSS OUT
o n
t r y o n clothes = p u t on cloth es to see i f t h ey f i t yo u
O (in a sh o p ) This is a nice jacket. Shall I t r y it o n?
u p
g ive u p som ething = st o p doin g it
O Sue g ave u p h e r jo b when her baby was born. (= she stopped w o rking )
O 'Are you still learning Italian?' 'No, I g ave it up.'
lo o k u p a w o rd in a d ictio nary etc.
O I didn't kno w the m eaning o f the word, so I lo o k e d it u p in a dictionary.
t u r n u p the TV, radio, m usic, heating etc. = m a k e it lo u d er o r w a rm er
O Can you t u rn t h e rad io up? I can't hear it.
w ak e u p som eb o d y w ho is sleeping
O I have to get up early tom orrow. Can you w ak e m e u p at 6.30?
d o w n
k n o ck d o w n a building = dem olish it
O They are going to k n o ck d o w n the school
and build a new one.
t u r n d o w n the TV, radio, m usic, heating etc.
= m a ke it m o re q u iet o r less w a rm
O The m usic is too loud. Can you t u r n it d o w n ?
o v e r
k n o ck o v e r a cup, a glass, a person etc.
O Be careful. Don't k n o ck y o u r cu p over.
O There was an accid ent at the end o f the road.
A man was k n o ck e d o v e r by a car.
(o r A m an was k n o ck e d d o w n by a car.)
‘r> # >
TT
KNOCK OVER
KNOCK OVER Or
KNOCK DOWN
aw ay
t h ro w aw ay rubbish, things you don't w ant
O These apples are bad. Shall I t h ro w t h e m aw ay?
O Don't t h ro w a w ay t h a t p ict u re . I w ant it.
p u t som ething aw ay = p u t it in th e p la ce w h ere y o u u su ally keep it
O After they finished playing, the children p u t t h e ir t o ys aw ay.
b a ck
p ay som ebody b a ck = g ive b a ck m o n ey t h a t y o u b o rrow ed
O Thank you for lending m e the m oney. I'll p ay yo u b a ck next week.
ro u n d /
a ro u n d
sh o w som eb o d y r o u n d / a ro u n d = take so m eb o d y on a t o u r o f a p la ce
O W e visited a factory last week. The manager sh o w e d us ro u n d .
2

Additional exercises
List o f exercises:
1- 2 am / is/ are Un ts 1- 2
3 present co ntinuo us Un ts 3- 4
4 present sim ple Un ts 5- 7
5 - 7 present sim ple, am / is/ are and have (got) Un ts 1- 2, 5 - 7 ,9
8 - 9 present co ntinuous and present sim ple Un ts 3- 8
10- 13 w as/ were and past sim ple Un ts 10- 12
14 past sim ple and past co ntinuo us Un ts 11- 14
15 present and past Un ts 3- 14
16- 18 present perfect Un ts 15- 19
19- 22 present perfect and past sim ple Un ts 18- 20
23 present, past and present perfect Un ts 3- 20
24- 27 passive Un ts 21- 22
28 future Un ts 25- 28
29 past, present and future Un ts 3- 20, 25- 28
30-31 past, present and future Un ts 3- 22, 25- 28, 52, 54,98,105
32 - ing and t o ... Un ts 51- 55,105,112
33- 34 a and the Un ts 65,6 9- 73
35 prepositions Un ts 103-108,111
Units 1-2
W rite sentences for the pictures. Use the words in the boxes + is/ isn't/ are/ aren't.
Cm m
The w ind o w s
-Usa-
Kate
The children
Gary
The books
The hotel
The bus
on the table
hungry
asleep
o p en
full
near the station
a d o ct o r
happy
1 The. win dows, a r e, open.,
2 Usajsjrt.happy.............
3 Kat e.................................................
4 ...................................................
5 ............................................................
6 .....................................................
7 ............................................................
8 ........................................................
252

Additional exercises
Com plete the sentences.
1 'Are you hungry?' 'No, b u t ...t o thirsty.'
2 ' How are......yo ur parents?' 'They're fine.'
3 'Is Anna at hom e?'......'N o ,...............................................at work.'
4 '................................................................my keys?' 'On yo ur desk.'
5 W here is Paul from ? ................................................Am erican or British?
6 .............................................very ho t today. The tem perature is 38 degrees.
7 'Are you a teacher?'....'N o ,.................................................a student.'
8 '............................................................................... yo ur um brella?' 'Green.'
9 Where's yo ur car? ...............................................in the car park?
10 '................................................tired?' 'No, I'm fine.'
11 'These shoes are nice. H o w ..............................................................................?' 'Sixty pounds.'
present continuous (I'm working / are you working? etc.) Units 3- 4
Use the words in brackets to write sentences.
1 A
B
4 A
B
5 A
B
6 A
B
7 A
W here are yo ur parents?
Theyre watching. TV.......................................................................... (they / w atch / TV )
Paula is going out.
W her& s sh e g o i n g ?...........................................................................
Where's David?
No, they're asleep.
No, not at the m o m ent.
W here are Sue and Steve?
?
?
?
(w here / she / go?)
(he / have / a shower)
(t he children / play?)
(it / rain?)
(they / co m e / no w )
(w hy / you / stand / here?)
(I / w ait / for so m eb o d y)
present simple (I work / she doesn't work / do you work? etc.) Units 5-7
Co m p let e the sentences. Use the p resent sim p le.
1 Su e a jw a y sg a t s to w o rk early.
2 W ed o n ’t w at ch t v very often.
3 H o w o ft en d o yp u w ash yo ur hair?
4 I w an t to go to the cinem a, b u t ................................................................................to go.
5 ..............................................................................................to go o ut tonight?
6 ..............................................................................................near here?
7 ..............................................................................................a lot o f people.
8 I enjoy travelling, b u t ................................................................................very m uch.
9 W h at t im e ................................................................................................in the m orning?
10 M y parents are usually at ho m e in the evening.
very often.
11 .............................................................................................w o rk at five o'clock.
12 a : W h at ................................................................................................?
b: in a hotel.
(Sue / always / get)
(w e / no t / w at ch )
(you / w ash)
(Sam / not / w ant)
(you / w an t)
(Helen / live)
(Sarah / kno w )
(I / not / travel)
(you / usually / get up)
(t hey / no t / go o ut)
(To m / always / finish)
(Jessica / d o)
(she / w o rk)
253

Additional exercises
present simple, am/ is/ are and have (got) Units 1-2, 5 - 7,9
Read the questions and Clare's answers. Then write sentences about Clare.
r \
1
Are you m arried? 1
2 Do you live in London? Yes. Clare 2
3 Are you a student? Yes.
3
4 Have you got a car? No. t 4
5 Do you go o ut a lot? Yes. 5
6 Have you got a lot o f friends? Yes. 6
7 Do you like London? No. ( 7
8 Do you like dancing? Yes. 8
9 Are you interested in sport?
v----------------------------------- y
JM o .J 9
.She isn’t .married.
She lives in Lo n d o n .
Com plete the questions.
________
. Whats.your name..
W h ere.
H o w .
?
m arried?
?
any children?
Ben.
Yes, I am.
In Barton Road.
Yes, a daughter.
She's three.
_ S \
.....................yo ur job?
..............................a car?
1
1
. to w o rk by car?
I'm 29.
I w o rk in a superm arket.
No, I hate it.
Yes, I have.
No, I usually go by bus.
s ----------------------
Who jo this man
in London?
That's m y brother.
M ichael.
He's a travel agent.
No, in M anchester.
W rite sentences from these words. All the sentences are present.
1 Sarah often / tennis
2 m y parents / a new car
3 m y shoes / d irty
4 Sonia / 32 years old
5 I / t w o sisters
6 we often / TV in the evening
7 Am y never / a hat
8 a bicycle / t w o wheels
9 these flowers / beautiful
10 Em m a/ Germ an very well
Sarah .pf^ n.pjays tannic,............
My parents have.got a new can.
My .shoes a r e dirty.........................
So n ia.................................................................
254

Additional exercises
present continuous (I'm working) and present simple (I work) Units 3-8
Com plete the sentences.
Please be quiet.
.I’m working. (|/work).
Doyou. o f t en g o....
(you/ often/go) to the
cinema?
(you/ cook)?
now. Goodbye!
.....................................(it/rain).
Can I take this umbrella?
(l/ not/ watch) TV very much.
(we/ look) for
the museum.
What's this word? How
(you/ pronounce) it?
W hich is right?
1 ' A rc you sp eaking / Do you speak English?' 'Yes, a little.' (D o you speak righ t)
2 So m etim es we're going / we go away at weekends.
3 It's a nice day today. The sun is sh in in g / sh in es.
4 (Yo u m eet Ka t e in th e street.) Hello, Kate. W here are you going / do you go?
5 How often are you going / do you go on holiday?
6 Em ily is a writer. She's writing / She writes books for children.
7 I'm never reading / 1never read newspapers.
8 ‘W here are M ark and Laura?' 'They're w atching / They w atch TV in the living room .'
9 Helen is in her office. She's talking / She talks to som ebody.
10 W h at tim e are you usually having / do you usually have dinner?
11 Joe isn’t at ho m e at the m o m ent. He's visiting / He visits som e friends.
12 'W o uld you like som e tea?' 'No. t hank you. I'm not d rinking / 1don't d rink tea.'
255

Additional exercises
was/ were and past simple (I worked / did you work? etc.) Units 10-12
Complete the sentences. Use one word only.
1 I got up early an d had a shower.
2 Tom was tired last night, so h e to bed early.
3 I ...............................................this key on the floor. Is it yours?
4 Kate got m arried when sh e ................................................23.
5 Helen is learning to drive. Sh e................................................ her first lesson yesterday.
6 Tve got a new job.' 'Yes, I know. D avid ...............................................me.'
7 'W here did you buy that book?' 'It was a present. A m y ................................................it to me.'
8 W e ...............................................hungry, so we had som ething to eat.
9 'Did you enjoy the film?' 'Yes, I ................................................ it was very good.'
10 'Did And y com e to yo ur party?' 'No, w e ...............................................him , but he didn't com e.'
Look at the questions and Joe's answers. Write sentences about Joe when he was a child.
JS\
r
W hen you were a child ...
W ere you tall?
Did you like school?
W ere you good at sport?
Did you play football?
Did you w o rk hard at school?
Did you have a lot o f friends?
Did you have a bike?
Joe
No.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
No.
^ W ere you a quiet child?^ No.
\ j e w a e n t t a \ l ...
He.liked.scho pL.
H e .................................
Com plete the questions.
. D jd yo u .h ave a nice holiday?
Wheredid.youjp ?
........................................................there?
.........................................Am sterd am ?
?
........................................................good?
........................................................ back?
Yes, it was great, thanks.
To Am sterdam .
Five days.
Yes, very m uch.
I have friends in Am sterd am , so I stayed w ith them .
Yes, it was w arm and sunny.
Yesterday.
Put the verb in the right form (positive, negative or question).
256
9
10
It was a good party. L& njpyed it. (I / enjo y)
' Pid y p u d p the shopping?' (you / d o ) 'N o , [d id n 't .h ave...... time.' (I / have)
'Did you phone Adam ?' 'No, I'm afraid ..........................................................................................' (I / forget)
I like yo ur new watch. W h ere
it? (yo u / get)
I saw Lucy at the party, b u t .........................................................................................to her. (I / speak)
a : ........................................................................................a nice weekend? (yo u / have)
b: Yes, I w ent to stay w ith som e friends o f m ine.
Paul wasn't well yesterday, so ........................................................................................to w o rk, (he / go)
'Is M ary here?' 'Yes,.........................................................................................five m inutes ago.' (she / arrive)
W h ere.........................................................................................before he m o ved here? (Ro b ert / live)
The restaurant wasn't expensive..................................................................................very m uch, (the meal / cost)

Additional exercises
past simple (I worked) and past continuous (I was working)
U n it s 11- 14
Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or past continuous.
It w as raining. (rain) when we
w en t (go) out.
W hen I arrived at the office, Lisa and Paul
........................................................... (w o rk) at their desks.
I ................................................(o p en) the w in d o w
because it was hot.
The d o o rb ell................................................(ring) when
Su e................................................(co o k).
T O M
. (hear) a noise outside, Tom .
so I ................................................(lo o k) o ut o f the out o f the w ind o w when the accid ent
wind o w .
. (hap p en).
RICHARD
CATHERINE
Richard had a book in his hand, but he
Catherine bought a m agazine, but she
......................................................................(no t/ read ) it. He .............................................................................(no t/ read ) it.
................................................................................. (w atch ) TV. She didn't have tim e.
.... (finish) m y meal, I ................................................(see) Kate this m orning.
. (p ay) the bill and I ................................................(w alk) along the street
. (leave) the restaurant. and sh e................................................(w ait ) for the bus.
257

Additional exercises
present and past Units 3-14
Complete the sentences. Use one of these forms:
present sim ple (I w ork/ drive et c) present co ntinuous (I am w orking/ driving et c)
past sim ple (I worked/ drove et c) past co ntinuous (I w as w orking/ driving et c)
1 You can turn o ff the television. I [ W M O t w a t ch ln q ....(n o t / w at ch ) it.
2 Last night Jen n y M l (fall) asleep w hile sh e w as r ea d in g (read).
3 Listen! So m eb o d y........................................................................(p lay) the piano.
4 'Have you got m y key?' 'No, I ...................................................................... (give) it back to you.'
5 David is very lazy. H e ..................................................................... (not/ like) hard w ork.
6 W h ere......................................................................(yo ur parents / go) for their holidays last year?
7 I ........................................................................(see) Laura yesterday. Sh e........................................................................(d rive)
her new car.
8 a : ........................................................................(yo u/ w at ch) TV m uch?
b: No, I haven't got a TV.
9 a : W h at (yo u/ d o ) at 6 o'clock last Sunday m orning?
b: I was in bed asleep.
10 And y isn't at ho m e very m uch. H e ........................................................................(go) away a lot.
11 I ........................................................................(t ry) to find a jo b at the m o m ent. It's not easy.
12 I'm tired this m orning. I ........................................................................(not/ sleep ) very well last night.
present perfect (I have done / she has been etc.) Units 15-19
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the present perfect.
T l T (Go o d b ve. Tom^ 5 tes^ | (Who's that man?
I ^ £ \ s Tom at home?^
(A r e you still watching the film ?')
— ------------------------------
258

Additional exercises
Bookshop
this
good book? Id
I m looking for Jessica
her?jf^
don know, Yes she was here
few minutes ago
More coffee?
to Sweden?J
No
thanks
enough
Yes went there
few years ago
We
the cinema
la t er
W
Enjoy the party!
Where are
Steve and Jane?
STEV E
(11)
PAU L
Paul was asleep in the armchair.
He...................................................... up
Since 2010
.........................................here? I
■ 111 1 i T f m i n i
A LA N
Yes, w e......................................
each other for a long time.
The weather is horrible here
259

Additional exercises
O Com plete the sentences (1, 2 or 3 words).
1 M ark and Sarah are m arried. Th e y..ha y e b een .......m arried for five years.
2 David has been w atching T V sin c e 5 o'clock.
3 Joe is at w ork. H e ....................................................................at w o rk since 8.30.
4 'Have you just arrived in London?' 'No, I've been h ere...................................................
5 I've known H elen ........................................................................we were at school together.
6 'M y brother lives in Los Angeles.' 'Really? H o w lo n g .....................................................
7 George has had the sam e jo b ........................................................................20 years.
8 Som e friends o f ours are staying w ith us at the m o m ent. Th e y .................................
since M onday.
.... five days.'
there?'
....................here
Com plete the sentences. W rite about yourself.
1 I've n ever n d d e n a h g r e e .......
2 I've been, t o Lo n d o n m any tim es.
3 I've ju st .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 I've (o nce / twice / a few tim es / m any tim es)
5 I haven't ...................................................................................................................................................................................................yet.
6 I've n ever........................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 I've..............................................................................................sin ce...........................................................................................................
8 I've..............................................................................................f o r ................................................................................................................
present perfect (I have done etc.) and past simple (I did etc.) U n it s 18- 20
Present perfect or past sim ple? Com plete the sentences (positive or negative).
1 a : Do you like London?
b: I don't know. I haven't been there.
2 a : Have you seen Kate?
b: Yes, I saw her five minutes ago.
3 a : That's a nice sweater. Is it new?
b: Yes, I ...........................................................it last week.
4 a : Are you tired this morning?
b: Yes, I ..........................................................to bed late last night.
5 a : Do you want this newspaper, or can I have it?
b: Yo u can have it. I ...........................................................it.
6 a : Are you enjoying your new job?
b: I ......................................................... yet. M y first day is next M onday.
7 a : The weather isn't very nice today, is it?
b: No, but i t ...........................................................nice yesterday.
8 a : Was Helen at the party on Saturday?
b: I don't think so . I ...........................................................her there.
9 a : Is your son still at school?
b: No, h e...........................................................school two years ago.
10 a : Is Silvia married?
b: Yes, sh e...........................................................married for five years.
11 a : Have you heard of George Washington?
b: O f course. H e..........................................................the first President of the United States.
12 a : Ho w long does it take to make a pizza?
b: I don't know. I ..........................................................a pizza.
260

Additional exercises
n W rite sentences with the present perfect or past simple.
1 a : Have you been to Thailand?
b: Yes, I w en t t h ere i a s t y e a r (I / go / there / last year)
2 a : Do you like London?
b: I don't know. I.Ve never been t h ere, (| / never / there)
3 a: W h at tim e is Paul going out?
b: ............................................................................................................................................................................... (he / already / go)
4 a : Has Catherine gone hom e?
b: Yes, (she / leave / at 4 o'clock)
5 a : N ew Yo rk is m y favourite city.
b: Is it? ............................................................................................................................ ? (h o w m any tim es / you / there?)
6 a : W h at are yo u doing this weekend?
b: I don't know. ................................................................................................................................... (I / no t / decide / yet)
7 a: I can't find m y address book. Have you seen it?
b: (it / on the table / last night)
8 a: D o you kno w the Japanese restaurant in Leeson Street?
b: Yes,............................................................................................................................................... (I / eat / there a few tim es)
9 a : Paula and Sue are here.
b: Are they? ..............................................................................................................................? (w hat tim e / they / arrive?)
Present perfect or past simple? Com plete the sentences.
1 a : ....H ayeyo u .b een .....to France? m
b: Yes, m any tim es.
a : W h e n ...............................................the last tim e?
^ B
b: Tw o years ago. I B
FRANCE
^
riv h
Hfll
z a: Is this yo ur can r |g th|g
b: Yes, it is. I your car? T
a: H o w lo n g .............................................................. it? - -----
b: It’s new. I .............................................................. it yesterday.
3 a: W here do you live?
b: In Harold Street. £
f —
a: H o w lo n g ..............................................................................there?
Where do
b: Five years. Before t h at .............................................................. Ml B 1 you live?
in M ill Road.
j ^ L Jj
a: H o w lo n g .............................................................. in M ill Road? | Tj i
b: Ab o u t three years. • (
4 a : W h at do you do? ^
B: I w o rk in a shop. f t ,
a : H o w lo n g ..............................................................................there? Q t/ Jfc
b: Nearly t w o years. 1 1 ^ j .
a : W h a t .............................................................. before that? ■ I you d o ? J
b: I .............................................................. a taxi driver. B B Bf ^ ^
261

Additional exercises
W rite sentences about yourself.
1 (yesterday m o rning ) 1 w as.iat a.fo .r w o r k y e ^
2 (last night) ...............................................................................................
3 (yesterday afterno o n) ...............................................................................................
4 (...d ay sag o ) ...............................................................................................
5 (last week).............................................................................................................................
6 (last year) ...............................................................................................
present, past and present perfect U n it s 3 - 2 0
W hich is right?
1 ' Is Su e w o rking ? (C) ' 'No, she's on holiday.'
A Does Sue work? B Is w orking Sue? C Is Sue working? D Does w o rk Sue?
2 'W h ere................................................................................?' 'In a village near London.'
A lives yo ur uncle B does yo ur uncle live C yo ur uncle lives D does live yo ur uncle
3 I speak Italian, b u t ................................................................................French.
A I speak not B I'm not speaking C I doesn't speak D I don't speak
4 'Where's Tom ?' '..............................................................................a shower at the m om ent.'
A He's having B He have C He has D He has had
5 W h y ................................................................................angry w ith m e yesterday?
A were you B was you C you were D have you been
6 M y favourite film is Cleo's D r ea m .................................................................................... it four tim es.
A I'm seeing B I see C l was seeing D I've seen
7 I ............................. o ut last night. I was too tired.
A don't go B didn't w ent C didn't go D haven't gone
8 Tina is from Chicago. Sh e................................................................................there all her life.
A is living B has lived C lives D lived
9 M y frien d for m e when I arrived.
A waited B has w aited C was waiting D has been waiting
10 'H o w lo n g ................................................................................English?' 'Six m onths.'
A do you learn B are you learning C you are learning D have you been learning
11 Paul is Canad ian, but he lives in France. He has been t h ere................................................................................
A for three years B since three years C three years ago D during three years
12 'W hat t im e ................................................................................?' 'About an ho ur ago.'
A has Lisa p honed B Lisa has phoned C did Lisa phone D is Lisa p honing
13 W h at when you saw her?
A did Sue w ear B was Sue wearing C has Sue w orn D was wearing Sue
14 'Can you drive?' 'N o ,................................................................................a car, but I w ant to learn.'
A I never drive B I'm never driving C I've never driven D I was never driving
15 I saw Helen at the station when I was going to w o rk this m orning, but she
................................................................................me.
A didn't see B don't see C hasn't seen D didn't saw
262

Additional exercises
Units 21-22, Appendix 1
Com plete the sentences.
f2TlM ^
These ho uses wens .b u ilt (build) 20 years ago.
Before that there was a cinem a here, but the
b uild ing
(dam age) in a fire
and had t o ..................................................(kno ck down).
This b rid g e...............................................(b uild ) in 1955.
I t ..............................................................(use) by hundreds
o f people every day. A t the m o m ent the bridge
...........................................................................(p aint).
This st reet .....................................
Street. It used t o ......................
Jam es Street, but the n am e.
^ (chang e) a few years ago.
. (call) W ilton
(call)
This is a bicycle factory. Bicycles..................................
.......................................................(m ake) here since 1971.
It's the largest bicycle factory in the country.
Tho usand s o f b icycles.........................................................
(p ro d uce) here every year.
Com plete the sentences.
W e w erajn yjt e d (invite) to the party, but we didn't go.
The m useum is very popular. Every year i t .......................................................... (visit) by thousand s o f people.
M any b uild ing s................................................................................(dam age) in the storm last week.
A new road is going t o ................................................................................(b uild ) next year.
'Where's yo ur jacket?' ' It (clean). It will be ready tom orrow.'
She's fam ous now, but in a few years her nam e w ill................................................................................(forget).
'Shall I do the washing-up?' 'No, i t ................................................................................(already/ do).'
8 M ilk sh o u ld ................................................................................(keep ) in a fridge.
9 ............................................................................................................(you/ ever/ b ite) by a snake?
10 M y b ag
(steal) from m y car yesterday afternoon.
& W rite a new sentence with the same meaning.
1 Som eb o d y has stolen m y keys.
2 So m eb o d y stole m y car last week.
3 So m eb o d y has eaten all the bananas.
4 Som eb o d y will repair the m achine.
5 Som eb o d y is w atching us.
6 Som ebody has to do the housework.
..M ykeys.h aya.b een st o l e n ,.
M y c a r .................................................
All t h e ..................................................
Th e ........................................................
W e .........................................................
Th e ........................................................
263

Additional exercises
Active or passive? Com plete the sentences.
1 Th e y are buildjng (b uild ) a new airp ort at the m o m ent.
2 These shirts are clean now. Th e y (w ash).
3 'H o w did you fall?' 'So m eb o d y................................................................................(p ush) me.'
4 'H o w did you fall?' ' I .................................. *...........................................(push).'
5 I can't find m y bag. So m eb o d y..............................................................................(take) it!
6 M y w atch is broken. I t ................................................................................(repair) at the m o m ent.
7 W h o ................................................................................(invent) the cam era?
8 W h e n (the cam era/ invent)?
9 These shirts are clean now. Th e y ................................................................................(w ash).
10 These shirts are clean now. I ..............................................................................(w ash) them .
11 The letter was for me, so w h y ................................................................................(they/ send ) it to you?
12 The inform ation w ill (send) to you as soon as possible.
Units 25-28
W hich is the best alternative?
1 W aVe.haying .(B) a party next Sunday. I hope you can com e.
A W e have B We're having C We'll have
2 Do you kno w ab o ut Kare n ?................................................................................her job. She told me last week.
A She leaves B She's going to leave C She'll leave
3 There's a program m e on TV that I w an t to w at ch...................................................................................in
five m inutes.
A It starts B It's starting C It will start
4 The w eather is nice now, but I t h in k ................................................................................later.
A it rains Bit 's raining C it will rain
5 'W h at ................................................................................next weekend?' 'N othing. I've got no plans.'
A do you do Bare you doing C will you do
6 'W hen you see Tina, can you ask her to phone me?' 'O K,................................................................................her.'
A I ask B I'm going to ask CI'll ask
7 'W hat w o uld you like to drink, tea or coffee?' '............................................................................tea, please.'
A I have B I'm going to have C I'll have
8 Don't take that m agazine away. ................................................................................it.
A I read B I'm going to read C I'll read
9 Rachel is ill, so to the party t o m o rro w night.
A she doesn't com e B she isn't com ing C she won't com e
10 I w ant to m eet Sarah at the station. W h at t im e .............................................................................?
A does her train arrive B is her train going to arrive C is her train arriving
11 'W ill you be at hom e to m o rro w evening?' 'N o.....................................................................................'
A I go o ut B I'm going o ut CI'll go out
12 '................................................................................you tom orrow?' 'Yes, OK.'
A Do I pho ne B Am I going to phone C Shall I phone
264

Additional exercises
past, present and future
Units 3-20, 25-28
Co m p let e the sentences.
1 a : Q l.dy.Q U Q Q , (you/ go) o ut last night?
b: N o , ........................................................................(I/ stay) at hom e.
a : W h at ........................................................................(you/ d o)?
b: ........................................................................(I/ w at ch) TV.
a : ........................................................................(you/ go) o ut t o m o rro w night?
b: Yes,........................................................................(I/ go) to the cinem a.
a : W hich f ilm ........................................................................(you/ see)?
b: ....................................................................(I/ n o t / kn o w ).............................................................................(I/ no t/ d ecid e) yet.
Are you on holiday here?
b: Yes, we are.
a : How lo n g .................................
b:
a : And how lo n g ...........................
b: Until the end o f next week.
a : A n d ..................................................
b: Yes,....................................................
........................(yo u/ b e) here?
(w e/ arrive) yesterday.
..................................(you/ stay)?
(yo u/ like) it here?
(w e/ have) a w ond erful tim e.
3 a : ......................................................................(I/ go) o ut w ith Chris and Steve this evening.
......................................................................(yo u/ w ant) to com e w ith us?
b: Yes, w h ere........................................................................(you/ go)?
a : To the Italian restaurant in N o rth Street...........................................................................(you/ ever/ eat) there?
b: Yes,........................................................................(I/ b e) there t w o or three tim es. In fact I
......................................................................(go) there last night, but I'd love to go again!
a : ......................................................................(I/ lose) m y glasses again.
........................................................................(you/ see) them ?
b: ......................................................................(yo u/ w ear) them
w h e n ........................................................................(I/ co m e) in.
a : W ell,........................................................................(l/ no t/ w ear)
them now, so where are they?
b: ......................................................................(yo u/ lo o k) in the kitchen?
a : N o , ........................................................................(I/ go) and look now.
265

Addit ional exercises
past, present and future U n it s 3 - 2 2 , 2 5 - 2 8 , 52, 54, 9 8 ,1 0 5
Rachel is talking about her best friend, Carolyn. Put the verbs in the correct form.
Carolyn
Carolyn is m y best frien d I rem em ber very well the first tim e
0 ).............................................................. (w e/ m eet). It was our first day at second ary
school, and (2)................................................................(w e/ sit) next to each o ther for
the first lesson. (3)................................................................(w e/ n o t / kn o w ) any other
stud ents in o ur class, and so (4)................................................................(w e/ b eco m e)
friends. W e found that (5)................................................................(we/ like) the sam e
things, especially m usic and sport, and so (6)..............................................................
(w e/ sp end ) a lot o f tim e together.
Rachel
(7) .............................................................. (w e/ leave) school five years ago, but
(s)...............................................................(w e/ m eet) as often as we can. For the last
six m o nths Carolyn (9) ..............................................................(b e) in M exico - at
the m o m ent (10)................................................................(she/ w o rk) in a school as a
teaching assistant. (11)................................................................(she/ co m e) back to
England next m onth, and w hen (12)................................................................(she/ co m e)
back, (13)
(w e/ have) lots o f things to talk about.
(14)..............................................................(it/ b e) really nice to see her again.
Nick and his friend Jon are travelling round the world. Read the emails between N ick and his
parents, and put the verbs in the correct form.
&
Rep ly Rep ly A ll Fo rw ard Prim T o Do
c
Dear M um and Dad
We're in Los Angeles, the first stop on o ur ro und - the- w o rld
trip! (1) We arrived. (w e/ arrive) here yesterday, and now
(2) ..............................................................(w e/ stay) at a hotel near the airport.
The flight was twelve hours, but (3) ..............................................................
(w e/ enjo y) it. (4)................................................................(w e/ w atch) som e
film s and (5) .............................................................. (sleep) a few hours,
w hich is unusual for m e - usually (6)..............................................................
(I/ no t/ sleep) well on planes.
Today is a rest day for us and (7)................................................................
(w e/ no t / d o ) anything special, but to m o rro w
(8) ...............................................................(we/ g o) to H o llyw o o d
(9)...............................................................(see) the film studios.
(10 ) .............................................................................. (w e/ no t/ d ecid e) yet w hat
to do after Los Angeles. Jon (11) ................................................................(w an t )
to drive up the coast to San Francisco, but I'd prefer
(12) .............................................................. (go) south to San Diego.
I hope all is well with you - (13) ..............................................................
(I/ send) you another email next week.
Love
Nick
I
PACIFIC
OCEAN
Nick
LOS ANGELES
SAN DIEGO
M EX IG
v .
266

Additional exercises
® a
Delete Ju n k Rep ly Rep ly A ll Fo rw ard Prin t To Do
Dear N ick
Thanks for yo ur mail. It's good to hear that (14) (you/ have) a good tim e.
We're fine - Ellie and jo (15)
(w o rk) hard for their exam s next m onth.
Dad has been busy at w o rk and last week (16)................................................................(he/ have) a lot o f im p o rtant
meetings. He's a little tired - I t hink (17).............................................................. (he/ need ) a good holiday.
Keep in touch!
Love
M um
A m o nth lat e r...
. _ , ...
Delete Ju n k Rep ly Rep ly A ll Fo rw ard Prin t To Do
Hi M um and Dad
( is) (w e/ b e) in Califo rnia for a m o nth now. (19)............................................... (we/ get)
back to Los Angeles yesterday after (20)................................................................(see) m any w onderful places.
I think the place (21)...............................................................(I/ like) m ost was Yosem ite N ational Park -
it's beautiful there and (22)
(we/ g o) cycling a lot. The day before
(23)..............................................................(we/ leave), jo n (24)
(have) an accid ent on
his bike. Luckily (25).............................................................. (he/ no t/ injure), but the bike
(26)..............................................................(dam age).
(27 ) .................................................................
. (w e/ chang e) our travel plans since m y last message: now
(28 ) ...............................................................(w e/ leave) for Hawaii on M o nd ay (n o t Tuesday).
(29 ) ...............................................................(w e/ stay) there for a w eek before (30)............................. (fly)
to N ew Zealand. (31)................................................................(that/ b e) different, I'm sure!
All the best to Ellie and Jo for their exam s.
Love
N ick
jo
f* rs a
O ... 8 J|^ Nr»- V w
D elet e Ju n k Rep ly Rep ly A ll Fo rw ard Prin t To Do
1- ____
Hi N ick
Have a good tim e in Hawaii! Ellie and Jo (32)................................................................(finish) their exam s yesterday -
(33)...............................................................(I/ let) you kno w w hen (34)................................................................(w e/ get) the
results.
We're all O K. Dad and I (35)
(lo o k) fo rward to o ur holiday
next m onth. (36) ................................................................(we/ go) to Italy for t w o weeks -
(37)...............................................................(w e/ send ) you an email from there.
Take care!
Love
M um
J b
267

Additional exercises
U n it s 5 1 - 5 5 ,1 0 5 ,1 1 2
W h ich is co rrect?
1 Don't fo rg et t o .sw it ch .(B) o ff the light before you go out.
A switch B to switch C switching
2 It's late. I m u st ..............................................................now.
A g o Bt o g o C going
3 I'm sorry, but I don't have t im e ................................................................to you now.
A for talking B to talk C talking
4 Gary is always in the kitchen. He en jo ys................................................................
A cook B to cook C cooking
5 W e've d ecid ed ..............................................................away for a few days.
A g o Bt o g o C going
6 You're m aking too m uch noise. Can you please st o p ................................................................?
A shout B to sho ut C shouting
7 W o uld you lik e.............................................................and eat w ith us on Sunday?
A com e B to com e C com ing
8 That bag is too heavy for you. Let m e ................................................................you.
A help B to help C helping
9 There's a sw im m ing pool near my house. I g o ................................................................everyd ay.
A to swim B to sw im m ing C sw im m ing
10 I need to go sh o p p in g .............................................................. som e food.
A to buy B for buy C for buying
11 I'd lo ve................................................................a car like yours.
A have B to have C having
12 Co uld y o u ................................................................m e w ith this bag, please?
A help B to help C helping
13 I don't m in d .............................................................. here, but I'd prefer to sit by the wind o w .
A sit B to sit C sitting
14 Do you w an t .............................................................. you?
A that I help B m e to help C m e helping
15 You should think carefully b efo re an im p o rtant decision.
A make B to m ake C m aking
16 I wasn't feeling very well, but the m ed icine m ade m e ................................................................better.
A feel B to feel C feeling
17 Shall I phone the rest au ran t .................................................................a table?
A for reserve B for reserving C to reserve
18 Tom looked at me w it h o u t ................................................................anything.
A say B saying C to say
268

Additional exercises
U n it s 6 5 ,6 9 - 7 3
Com plete the sentences.
B V°u Pass — 3— - p leaseT j j l^ p © C ave y° u gQt
r * / r
No, I can't drive.
1 m t
Do you have any milk?
What do you do?
Yes, theres some in
© ■ I [( I don't feel very well.
What did you do last night?
Y I don't want to go to
THE END
I went to
( sShall h a l l we walk home?
;
Can you play
Yes, but not
very well.
No, lets get
I'm interested in
What's the difference between those cars?
Nothing, they're
269