- Page 5 and 6: COMBUSTION PHYSICS CHUNG K. LAW Pri
- Page 7: To my wife Helen and to our childre
- Page 10 and 11: viii Contents 1.4.5. Energy Conserv
- Page 12 and 13: x Contents 5.4. Conserved Scalar Fo
- Page 14 and 15: xii Contents 8.4. Premixed Flame Ex
- Page 16 and 17: xiv Contents 12.3.3. Ignition in th
- Page 19 and 20: Preface Since the mid-1970s there h
- Page 21 and 22: Introduction This book is about com
- Page 23 and 24: 0.1. Major Areas of Combustion Appl
- Page 25 and 26: 0.1. Major Areas of Combustion Appl
- Page 27 and 28: 0.3. Classifications of Fundamental
- Page 29 and 30: 0.3. Classifications of Fundamental
- Page 31 and 32: 0.4. Organization of the Text 11 th
- Page 33 and 34: 0.5. Literature Sources 13 Williams
- Page 35 and 36: 1.1. Practical Reactants and Stoich
- Page 37 and 38: 1.2. Chemical Equilibrium 17 chemic
- Page 39 and 40: 1.2. Chemical Equilibrium 19 and ν
- Page 41 and 42: 1.2. Chemical Equilibrium 21 normal
- Page 43 and 44: 1.2. Chemical Equilibrium 23 Table
- Page 45 and 46: 1.2. Chemical Equilibrium 25 reacti
- Page 47 and 48: 1.3. Equilibrium Composition Calcul
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- Page 51 and 52: 1.4. Energy Conservation 31 1.4. EN
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1.4. Energy Conservation 33 Table 1
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1.4. Energy Conservation 35 In this
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1.4. Energy Conservation 37 Since c
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1.4. Energy Conservation 39 Table 1
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1.4. Energy Conservation 41 Adiabat
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1.4. Energy Conservation 43 energy
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1.4. Energy Conservation 45 Heat Re
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1.4. Energy Conservation 47 1.5 1 C
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Problems 49 Referring back to Figur
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2 Chemical Kinetics In Chapter 1, w
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2.1. Phenomenological Law of Reacti
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2.1. Phenomenological Law of Reacti
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2.1. Phenomenological Law of Reacti
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2.2. Theories of Reaction Rates: Ba
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2.2. Theories of Reaction Rates: Ba
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2.2. Theories of Reaction Rates: Ba
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2.2. Theories of Reaction Rates: Ba
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2.3. Theories of Reaction Rates: Un
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2.3. Theories of Reaction Rates: Un
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2.3. Theories of Reaction Rates: Un
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2.3. Theories of Reaction Rates: Un
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2.1. Chain Reaction Mechanisms 75 I
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2.1. Chain Reaction Mechanisms 77 c
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2.4. Chain Reaction Mechanisms 79 N
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Problems 81 propagates into the low
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Problems 83 5. NH 3 is used as an a
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3.1. Practical Fuels 85 Further cov
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3.1. Practical Fuels 87 Alkenes (Ol
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3.2. Oxidation of Hydrogen and Carb
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3.2. Oxidation of Hydrogen and Carb
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3.2. Oxidation of Hydrogen and Carb
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3.3. Oxidation of Methane 95 region
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3.3. Oxidation of Methane 97 consid
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3.3. Oxidation of Methane 99 By ext
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3.4. Oxidation of C 2 Hydrocarbons
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3.6. High-Temperature Oxidation of
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3.6. High-Temperature Oxidation of
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3.6. High-Temperature Oxidation of
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3.7. Oxidation of Aromatics 109 The
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3.7. Oxidation of Aromatics 111 The
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3.8. Hydrocarbon Oxidation at Low t
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3.9. Chemistry of Pollutant Formati
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3.9. Chemistry of Pollutant Formati
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3.9. Chemistry of Pollutant Formati
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3.9. Chemistry of Pollutant Formati
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3.10. Mechanism Development and Red
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3.11. Systematic Reduction: The Hyd
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3.11. Systematic Reduction: The Hyd
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3.11. Systematic Reduction: The Hyd
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3.11. Systematic Reduction: The Hyd
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3.12. Theories of Mechanism Reducti
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3.12. Theories of Mechanism Reducti
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3.12. Theories of Mechanism Reducti
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Problems 139 1E-3 Ethylene-Air Maxi
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4 Transport Phenomena When the mole
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4.1. Phenomenological Derivation of
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4.1. Phenomenological Derivation of
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4.2. Some Useful Results from Kinet
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4.2. Some Useful Results from Kinet
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4.2. Some Useful Results from Kinet
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4.2. Some Useful Results from Kinet
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Problems 155 For multicomponent mix
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5 Conservation Equations The dynami
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5.1. Control Volume Derivation 159
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5.1. Control Volume Derivation 161
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5.2. Governing Equations 163 and {
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5.2. Governing Equations 165 is not
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5.2. Governing Equations 167 assump
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5.2. Governing Equations 169 become
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5.3. A Simplified Diffusion-Control
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5.4. Conserved Scalar Formulations
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5.4. Conserved Scalar Formulations
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5.4. Conserved Scalar Formulations
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5.4. Conserved Scalar Formulations
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5.4. Conserved Scalar Formulations
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5.5. Reaction-Sheet Formulation 183
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5.5. Reaction-Sheet Formulation 185
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5.6. Further Development of the Sim
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5.6. Further Development of the Sim
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Nomenclature 191 D T,i Thermal diff
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Problems 193 3. Starting from Eq. (
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Laminar Nonpremixed Flames 195 Fuel
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6.1. The One-Dimensional Chambered
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6.1. The One-Dimensional Chambered
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6.1. The One-Dimensional Chambered
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6.2. The Burke-Schumann Flame 203 y
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6.2. The Burke-Schumann Flame 205 T
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6.2. The Burke-Schumann Flame 207 w
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6.3. Condensed Fuel Vaporization an
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6.3. Condensed Fuel Vaporization an
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6.4. Droplet Vaporization and Combu
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6.4. Droplet Vaporization and Combu
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6.4. Droplet Vaporization and Combu
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6.4. Droplet Vaporization and Combu
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6.4. Droplet Vaporization and Combu
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6.4. Droplet Vaporization and Combu
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6.5. The Counterflow Flame 225 Oxid
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6.5. The Counterflow Flame 227 wher
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6.5. The Counterflow Flame 229 1,80
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Problems 231 Y F,o F F F O O Y F ,
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Problems 233 the pressure is 1 atm?
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7.1. Combustion Waves in Premixture
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7.1. Combustion Waves in Premixture
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7.1. Combustion Waves in Premixture
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7.2. Phenomenological Description o
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7.2. Phenomenological Description o
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7.2. Phenomenological Description o
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7.3. Mathematical Formulation 247 f
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7.3. Mathematical Formulation 249 7
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7.4. Approximate Analyses 251 The p
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7.4. Approximate Analyses 253 Eq. (
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7.5. Asymptotic Analysis 255 Equati
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7.5. Asymptotic Analysis 257 the fl
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7.5. Asymptotic Analysis 259 condit
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7.5. Asymptotic Analysis 261 We nex
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7.6. Determination of Laminar Flame
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7.6. Determination of Laminar Flame
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7.6. Determination of Laminar Flame
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7.6. Determination of Laminar Flame
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7.6. Determination of Laminar Flame
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7.6. Determination of Laminar Flame
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7.7. Dependence of Laminar Burning
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7.7. Dependence of Laminar Burning
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7.7. Dependence of Laminar Burning
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7.7. Dependence of Laminar Burning
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7.7. Dependence of Laminar Burning
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7.8. Chemical Structure of Flames 2
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7.8. Chemical Structure of Flames 2
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7.8. Chemical Structure of Flames 2
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7.8. Chemical Structure of Flames 2
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7.8. Chemical Structure of Flames 2
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7.8. Chemical Structure of Flames 2
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7.8. Chemical Structure of Flames 2
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7.8. Chemical Structure of Flames 2
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Problems 301 the analytical results
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8 Limit Phenomena So far we have be
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8.1. Phenomenological Consideration
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8.1. Phenomenological Consideration
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8.1. Phenomenological Consideration
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8.1. Phenomenological Consideration
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8.1. Phenomenological Consideration
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8.1. Phenomenological Consideration
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8.2. Ignition by a Hot Surface 317
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8.2. Ignition by a Hot Surface 319
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8.2. Ignition by a Hot Surface 321
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8.2. Ignition by a Hot Surface 323
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8.2. Ignition by a Hot Surface 325
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8.3. Ignition of Hydrogen by Heated
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8.3. Ignition of Hydrogen by Heated
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8.3. Ignition of Hydrogen by Heated
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8.3. Ignition of Hydrogen by Heated
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8.3. Ignition of Hydrogen by Heated
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8.3. Ignition of Hydrogen by Heated
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8.4. Premixed Flame Extinction thro
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8.4. Premixed Flame Extinction thro
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8.4. Premixed Flame Extinction thro
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8.4. Premixed Flame Extinction thro
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8.5. Flammability Limits 347 Table
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8.5. Flammability Limits 349 premix
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8.5. Flammability Limits 351 w B Br
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8.6. Flame Stabilization and Blowof
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8.6. Flame Stabilization and Blowof
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8.6. Flame Stabilization and Blowof
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8.6. Flame Stabilization and Blowof
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8.6. Flame Stabilization and Blowof
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8.6. Flame Stabilization and Blowof
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Problems 365 7. For the flame ball
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9.1. Structure of Premixed Flames 3
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θ 9.1. Structure of Premixed Flame
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9.1. Structure of Premixed Flames 3
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9.1. Structure of Premixed Flames 3
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9.1. Structure of Premixed Flames 3
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9.2. Structure of Nonpremixed Flame
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9.2. Structure of Nonpremixed Flame
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9.2. Structure of Nonpremixed Flame
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9.2. Structure of Nonpremixed Flame
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9.3. Structure of Nonpremixed Flame
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9.3. Structure of Nonpremixed Flame
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9.3. Structure of Nonpremixed Flame
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9.3. Structure of Nonpremixed Flame
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9.4. Mixture Fraction Formulation f
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Problems 395 using this closure sch
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10.1. General Concepts 397 Unburned
- Page 419 and 420:
10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 399 In t
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10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 401 2.0
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10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 403 To i
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10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 405 n V
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10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 407 we h
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10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 409 resp
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10.3. Flame Stretch: Phenomenology
- Page 433 and 434:
10.3. Flame Stretch: Phenomenology
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10.3. Flame Stretch: Phenomenology
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10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 417 (
- Page 439 and 440:
10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 419 F
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10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 421 S
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10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 423 T
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10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 425 y
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10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 427 (
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10.5. Experimental and Computationa
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10.5. Experimental and Computationa
- Page 453 and 454:
10.5. Experimental and Computationa
- Page 455 and 456:
10.5. Experimental and Computationa
- Page 457 and 458:
10.5. Experimental and Computationa
- Page 459 and 460:
10.6. Further Implications of Stret
- Page 461 and 462:
10.6. Further Implications of Stret
- Page 463 and 464:
10.6. Further Implications of Stret
- Page 465 and 466:
10.6. Further Implications of Stret
- Page 467 and 468:
Local Equivalence Ratio, φ 10.6. F
- Page 469 and 470:
10.7. Simultaneous Consideration of
- Page 471 and 472:
10.7. Simultaneous Consideration of
- Page 473 and 474:
10.8. Unsteady Dynamics 453 27%CH 4
- Page 475 and 476:
10.8. Unsteady Dynamics 455 0.0 -0.
- Page 477 and 478:
10.9. Flamefront Instabilities 457
- Page 479 and 480:
10.9. Flamefront Instabilities 459
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10.9. Flamefront Instabilities 461
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10.9. Flamefront Instabilities 463
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10.9. Flamefront Instabilities 465
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10.9. Flamefront Instabilities 467
- Page 489 and 490:
10.9. Flamefront Instabilities 469
- Page 491 and 492:
Problems 471 in Figure 10.9.4. This
- Page 493 and 494:
Problems 473 that for this flame lo
- Page 495 and 496:
11.1. General Concepts 475 Jet Mixi
- Page 497 and 498:
11.1. General Concepts 477 Figure 1
- Page 499 and 500:
11.1. General Concepts 479 Pdudv of
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11.1. General Concepts 481 1 R(r, t
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 483 L
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 485 1
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 487
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 489 T
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 491 l
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 493 w
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 495 b
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11.3. Premixed Turbulent Combustion
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11.3. Premixed Turbulent Combustion
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11.3. Premixed Turbulent Combustion
- Page 523 and 524:
11.3. Premixed Turbulent Combustion
- Page 525 and 526:
11.3. Premixed Turbulent Combustion
- Page 527 and 528:
11.3. Premixed Turbulent Combustion
- Page 529 and 530:
11.4. Nonpremixed Turbulent Combust
- Page 531 and 532:
11.4. Nonpremixed Turbulent Combust
- Page 533 and 534:
11.4. Nonpremixed Turbulent Combust
- Page 535 and 536:
Problems 515 4. For amethane-air di
- Page 537 and 538:
Combustion in Boundary-Layer Flows
- Page 539 and 540:
12.1. Considerations of Steady Two-
- Page 541 and 542:
12.1. Considerations of Steady Two-
- Page 543 and 544:
12.1. Considerations of Steady Two-
- Page 545 and 546:
12.1. Considerations of Steady Two-
- Page 547 and 548:
12.2. Nonpremixed Burning of an Abl
- Page 549 and 550:
12.3. Ignition of a Premixed Combus
- Page 551 and 552:
12.3. Ignition of a Premixed Combus
- Page 553 and 554:
12.3. Ignition of a Premixed Combus
- Page 555 and 556:
12.3. Ignition of a Premixed Combus
- Page 557 and 558:
12.4. Jet Flows 537 U ∞ Flame U
- Page 559 and 560:
12.4. Jet Flows 539 where (x, r) an
- Page 561 and 562:
12.4. Jet Flows 541 Laminar flames
- Page 563 and 564:
12.4. Jet Flows 543 (a) (b) (c) (d)
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12.4. Jet Flows 545 as the upstream
- Page 567 and 568:
12.4. Jet Flows 547 20 Liftoff heig
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12.5. Supersonic Boundary-Layer Flo
- Page 571 and 572:
12.6. Natural Convection Boundary-L
- Page 573 and 574:
12.6. Natural Convection Boundary-L
- Page 575 and 576:
12.6. Natural Convection Boundary-L
- Page 577 and 578:
Problems 557 with ρµ assumed to b
- Page 579 and 580:
13 Combustion in Two-Phase Flows In
- Page 581 and 582:
13.1. General Considerations of Dro
- Page 583 and 584:
13.1. General Considerations of Dro
- Page 585 and 586:
13.2. Single-Component Droplet Comb
- Page 587 and 588:
13.2. Single-Component Droplet Comb
- Page 589 and 590:
13.2. Single-Component Droplet Comb
- Page 591 and 592:
13.2. Single-Component Droplet Comb
- Page 593 and 594:
13.2. Single-Component Droplet Comb
- Page 595 and 596:
13.2. Single-Component Droplet Comb
- Page 597 and 598:
13.2. Single-Component Droplet Comb
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13.2. Single-Component Droplet Comb
- Page 601 and 602:
13.2. Single-Component Droplet Comb
- Page 603 and 604:
13.2. Single-Component Droplet Comb
- Page 605 and 606:
13.3. Multicomponent Droplet Combus
- Page 607 and 608:
13.3. Multicomponent Droplet Combus
- Page 609 and 610:
13.3. Multicomponent Droplet Combus
- Page 611 and 612:
13.3. Multicomponent Droplet Combus
- Page 613 and 614:
13.3. Multicomponent Droplet Combus
- Page 615 and 616:
13.3. Multicomponent Droplet Combus
- Page 617 and 618:
13.3. Multicomponent Droplet Combus
- Page 619 and 620:
13.3. Multicomponent Droplet Combus
- Page 621 and 622:
13.3. Multicomponent Droplet Combus
- Page 623 and 624:
13.4. Carbon Particle Combustion 60
- Page 625 and 626:
13.4. Carbon Particle Combustion 60
- Page 627 and 628:
13.4. Carbon Particle Combustion 60
- Page 629 and 630:
13.4. Carbon Particle Combustion 60
- Page 631 and 632:
13.5. Metal Particle Combustion 611
- Page 633 and 634:
13.6. Phenomenology of Spray Combus
- Page 635 and 636:
13.6. Phenomenology of Spray Combus
- Page 637 and 638:
13.7. Formulation of Spray Combusti
- Page 639 and 640:
13.7. Formulation of Spray Combusti
- Page 641 and 642:
13.8. Adiabatic Spray Vaporization
- Page 643 and 644:
13.8. Adiabatic Spray Vaporization
- Page 645 and 646:
13.9. Heterogeneous Laminar Flames
- Page 647 and 648:
13.9. Heterogeneous Laminar Flames
- Page 649 and 650:
13.9. Heterogeneous Laminar Flames
- Page 651 and 652:
Problems 631 of the chemical reacti
- Page 653 and 654:
Problems 633 7. Another feature of
- Page 655 and 656:
14.1. Frozen and Equilibrium Flows
- Page 657 and 658:
14.1. Frozen and Equilibrium Flows
- Page 659 and 660:
14.1. Frozen and Equilibrium Flows
- Page 661 and 662:
14.2. Dynamics of Weakly Perturbed
- Page 663 and 664:
14.2. Dynamics of Weakly Perturbed
- Page 665 and 666:
14.3. Steady, Quasi-One-Dimensional
- Page 667 and 668:
14.4. Method of Characteristics 647
- Page 669 and 670:
14.4. Method of Characteristics 649
- Page 671 and 672:
14.4. Method of Characteristics 651
- Page 673 and 674:
14.4. Method of Characteristics 653
- Page 675 and 676:
14.5. Steady One-Dimensional Detona
- Page 677 and 678:
14.5. Steady One-Dimensional Detona
- Page 679 and 680:
14.5. Steady One-Dimensional Detona
- Page 681 and 682:
14.5. Steady One-Dimensional Detona
- Page 683 and 684:
14.5. Steady One-Dimensional Detona
- Page 685 and 686:
14.6. Unsteady Three-Dimensional De
- Page 687 and 688:
14.6. Unsteady Three-Dimensional De
- Page 689 and 690:
14.6. Unsteady Three-Dimensional De
- Page 691 and 692:
14.6. Unsteady Three-Dimensional De
- Page 693 and 694:
14.6. Unsteady Three-Dimensional De
- Page 695 and 696:
14.7. Propagation of Strong Blast W
- Page 697 and 698:
14.7. Propagation of Strong Blast W
- Page 699 and 700:
14.8. Direct Detonation Initiation
- Page 701 and 702:
14.8. Direct Detonation Initiation
- Page 703 and 704:
14.8. Direct Detonation Initiation
- Page 705 and 706:
14.9. Indirect Detonation Initiatio
- Page 707 and 708:
Problems 687 Figure 14.9.1. Sequenc
- Page 709 and 710:
Problems 689 t C ζ − characteris
- Page 711:
Problems 691 if one assumes a squar
- Page 714 and 715:
694 References Benson, S. W. 1981.
- Page 716 and 717:
696 References Clavin, P. & William
- Page 718 and 719:
698 References Gray, B. F. & Yang,
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700 References Lasheras, J. C., Fer
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702 References Lide, D. R. 1990-199
- Page 724 and 725:
704 References Oppenheim, A. K. 198
- Page 726 and 727:
706 References Semenov N. N. 1958.
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708 References Sung, C. J., Zhu, D.
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710 References Williams, F. A. 1992
- Page 732 and 733:
712 Author Index Deutch, J. M., 579
- Page 734 and 735:
714 Author Index Radulescu, M. I.,
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Subject Index Note: Page numbers fo
- Page 738 and 739:
718 Subject Index droplet combustio
- Page 740 and 741:
720 Subject Index Landau-Darrieus i
- Page 742:
722 Subject Index strain rate, 226,