[Law_C.K.] Combustion physics

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714 Author Index Radulescu, M. I., 665, 673–674 Ragland, K. W., 12 Raizer, Y. P., 675 Randolph, A. L., 591, 597 Reid, R. C., 14, 20 Renksizbulut, M., 577–578 Reynolds, W. C., 30 Richter, H., 116 Ristori, A., 109 Robinson, P. J., 70 Rogg, B., 295–296 Ronney, P. D., 165, 400, 445 Roshko, A., 239, 476–477, 659 Rosner, D. E., 12, 574 Ross, H., 13 Ross, R. D., 165, 564 Rosser, W. A., 563 Ryan, W., 615 Sadiki, A., 486 Samson, R., 579 Sangiovanni, J. J., 563 Sarofim, A. F., 165 Sato, J., 575–576 Saxton, M. J., 579 Schlichting, H., 474, 518 Schumann, T. E. W., 202 Seakins, P. W., 51, 70 Sedov, L. I., 675 Semenov, N. N., 305, 310, 318, 679 Seshadri, K., 226, 294, 296–297, 300 Sharpe, G. J., 664, 673–674 Shaw, B. D., 564 Shepherd, J. E., 673, 688 Sherwood, T. K., 14 Shy, S. S., 400 Simmie, J. M., 85 Sirignano, W. A., 13, 214, 560, 565–566 Sivashinsky, G. I., 305, 400, 416, 457, 461, 466–467, 469, 506 Smagorinsky, J., 493 Smith, D. R., 270 Smith, S. C., 71 Smith, F. A., 456 Smooke, M. D., 132, 296, 300 Sobiesiak, A., 579 Sohrab, S. H., 413, 457, 470 Souders, M., 34 Spalding, D. B., 214, 267, 340, 349, 354–355, 474, 495 Srinivasan, N., 222–223, 564, 569 Stein, S. E., 120 Stewart, D. S., 635, 665, 680 Stewartson, K., 518, 552 Strahle, W. C., 12 Strehlow, R. A., 12, 77, 635, 672 Stull, D. R., 21 Sun, C. J., 339, 420, 424, 431, 440, 447 Sung, C. J., 132, 227–228, 339, 399, 401, 420, 429, 431, 440, 442, 447–448, 452, 454, 461, 467, 470–471, 564 Takahashi, F., 599 Tamura, T., 500–501 Taylor, G. I., 656, 675–676 Taylor, S. C., 270 Tennekes, H., 474 Tien, C. L., 165 Tien, J. H., 273, 431 Tien, J. S., 446 Tishkoff, 615 Tomlin, A. S., 132 Toong, T. Y., 12, 635, 666–667 Troe, J., 71, 85 Trouvé, A., 485 Tse, S. D., 270 Tsuboi, T., 96 Tsue, M., 575–576 Tsuji, H., 227, 435 Turanyi, T., 132 Turns, S. R., 12 Twardus, E. M., 579 Umemura, A., 372, 552, 579, 581 Urtiew, P. A., 686–687 Vagelopoulos, C. M., 273 van Maaren, A., 268 Vervisch, L., 483, 544 Veynante, D., 12, 274, 474, 483, 510 Vincenti, W. G., 142, 165, 635, 642, 644, 646 Viskanta, R., 165 von Elbe, G., 12, 85, 94, 113, 265–266, 270, 305, 358, 360–361 von Neumann, J., 364, 659, 675 Wachman, H. Y., 445 Wagner, H. Gg., 96, 116 Waldman, C. H., 574 Wang, C. H., 563, 591, 595, 597 Wang, H., 132, 134 Wang, W., 295 Warnatz, J., 12, 85, 96, 120 Weinberg, F. J., 13, 165, 274 Weiss, M. A., 81, 311 Westbrook, C. K., 123 Westenberg, A. A., 13, 285 Wheeler, R. V., 347 Williams, A., 270 Williams, F. A., 12–14, 51, 142, 157, 163, 226, 250, 257, 294–297, 300, 305, 392, 399, 405, 416, 459, 474, 500–502, 518–519, 526, 533, 558, 564, 573, 576, 599, 611–612, 617–618, 626, 635, 643, 665 Wintenberger, E., 688 Wise, H., 214, 563
Author Index 715 Wohl, K., 362–363 Wojcicki, S., 579 Wolfhard, H. G., 13, 264, 285 Wolfrum, J., 286 Wood, B. J., 214, 563 Wu, C. K., 271 Yaglom, A. M., 474 Yakhot, V., 506 Yamaoka, I., 435 Yang, C. H., 305 Yang, H., 134 Yang, V., 574 Yao, J., 680 Ye, Z.Y.,413 Yetter, R. A., 90, 139, 286 Yoshida, H., 439 Yoshida, M., 444 Yu,G., 227, 429 Yu, K. M., 448 Yuen, M. C., 577–578 Yumlu, V. S., 354 Zabetakis, M. G., 346–347 Zel’dovich, Y. B., 13, 249, 341, 635, 659, 675, 679, 685, 690 Zheng, X. L., 139, 446 Zhu, D. L., 268, 270, 355, 358, 446, 564
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COMBUSTION PHYSICS CHUNG K. LAW Pri
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To my wife Helen and to our childre
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viii Contents 1.4.5. Energy Conserv
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x Contents 5.4. Conserved Scalar Fo
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xii Contents 8.4. Premixed Flame Ex
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xiv Contents 12.3.3. Ignition in th
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Preface Since the mid-1970s there h
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Introduction This book is about com
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0.1. Major Areas of Combustion Appl
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0.1. Major Areas of Combustion Appl
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0.3. Classifications of Fundamental
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0.3. Classifications of Fundamental
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0.4. Organization of the Text 11 th
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0.5. Literature Sources 13 Williams
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1.1. Practical Reactants and Stoich
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1.2. Chemical Equilibrium 17 chemic
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1.2. Chemical Equilibrium 19 and ν
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1.2. Chemical Equilibrium 21 normal
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1.2. Chemical Equilibrium 23 Table
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1.2. Chemical Equilibrium 25 reacti
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1.3. Equilibrium Composition Calcul
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1.3. Equilibrium Composition Calcul
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1.4. Energy Conservation 31 1.4. EN
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1.4. Energy Conservation 33 Table 1
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1.4. Energy Conservation 35 In this
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1.4. Energy Conservation 37 Since c
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1.4. Energy Conservation 39 Table 1
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1.4. Energy Conservation 41 Adiabat
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1.4. Energy Conservation 43 energy
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1.4. Energy Conservation 45 Heat Re
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1.4. Energy Conservation 47 1.5 1 C
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Problems 49 Referring back to Figur
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2 Chemical Kinetics In Chapter 1, w
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2.1. Phenomenological Law of Reacti
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2.2. Theories of Reaction Rates: Ba
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2.3. Theories of Reaction Rates: Un
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2.1. Chain Reaction Mechanisms 75 I
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2.1. Chain Reaction Mechanisms 77 c
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2.4. Chain Reaction Mechanisms 79 N
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Problems 81 propagates into the low
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Problems 83 5. NH 3 is used as an a
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3.1. Practical Fuels 85 Further cov
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3.1. Practical Fuels 87 Alkenes (Ol
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3.2. Oxidation of Hydrogen and Carb
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3.3. Oxidation of Methane 95 region
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3.3. Oxidation of Methane 97 consid
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3.3. Oxidation of Methane 99 By ext
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3.4. Oxidation of C 2 Hydrocarbons
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3.6. High-Temperature Oxidation of
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3.7. Oxidation of Aromatics 109 The
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3.7. Oxidation of Aromatics 111 The
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3.8. Hydrocarbon Oxidation at Low t
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3.9. Chemistry of Pollutant Formati
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3.10. Mechanism Development and Red
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3.11. Systematic Reduction: The Hyd
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3.12. Theories of Mechanism Reducti
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Problems 139 1E-3 Ethylene-Air Maxi
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4 Transport Phenomena When the mole
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4.1. Phenomenological Derivation of
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4.1. Phenomenological Derivation of
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4.2. Some Useful Results from Kinet
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Problems 155 For multicomponent mix
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5 Conservation Equations The dynami
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5.1. Control Volume Derivation 159
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5.1. Control Volume Derivation 161
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5.2. Governing Equations 163 and {
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5.2. Governing Equations 165 is not
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5.2. Governing Equations 167 assump
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5.2. Governing Equations 169 become
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5.3. A Simplified Diffusion-Control
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5.4. Conserved Scalar Formulations
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5.5. Reaction-Sheet Formulation 183
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5.5. Reaction-Sheet Formulation 185
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5.6. Further Development of the Sim
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5.6. Further Development of the Sim
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Nomenclature 191 D T,i Thermal diff
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Problems 193 3. Starting from Eq. (
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Laminar Nonpremixed Flames 195 Fuel
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6.1. The One-Dimensional Chambered
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6.2. The Burke-Schumann Flame 203 y
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6.2. The Burke-Schumann Flame 205 T
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6.2. The Burke-Schumann Flame 207 w
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6.3. Condensed Fuel Vaporization an
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6.3. Condensed Fuel Vaporization an
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6.4. Droplet Vaporization and Combu
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6.5. The Counterflow Flame 225 Oxid
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6.5. The Counterflow Flame 227 wher
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6.5. The Counterflow Flame 229 1,80
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Problems 231 Y F,o F F F O O Y F ,
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Problems 233 the pressure is 1 atm?
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7.1. Combustion Waves in Premixture
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7.2. Phenomenological Description o
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7.3. Mathematical Formulation 247 f
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7.3. Mathematical Formulation 249 7
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7.4. Approximate Analyses 251 The p
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7.4. Approximate Analyses 253 Eq. (
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7.5. Asymptotic Analysis 255 Equati
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7.5. Asymptotic Analysis 257 the fl
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7.5. Asymptotic Analysis 259 condit
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7.5. Asymptotic Analysis 261 We nex
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7.6. Determination of Laminar Flame
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7.7. Dependence of Laminar Burning
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7.8. Chemical Structure of Flames 2
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Problems 301 the analytical results
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8 Limit Phenomena So far we have be
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8.1. Phenomenological Consideration
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8.2. Ignition by a Hot Surface 317
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8.3. Ignition of Hydrogen by Heated
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8.4. Premixed Flame Extinction thro
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8.5. Flammability Limits 347 Table
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8.5. Flammability Limits 349 premix
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8.5. Flammability Limits 351 w B Br
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8.6. Flame Stabilization and Blowof
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Problems 365 7. For the flame ball
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9.1. Structure of Premixed Flames 3
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θ 9.1. Structure of Premixed Flame
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9.2. Structure of Nonpremixed Flame
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9.4. Mixture Fraction Formulation f
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Problems 395 using this closure sch
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10.1. General Concepts 397 Unburned
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10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 399 In t
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10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 401 2.0
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10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 403 To i
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10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 405 n V
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10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 407 we h
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10.2. Hydrodynamic Stretch 409 resp
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10.3. Flame Stretch: Phenomenology
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10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 417 (
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10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 419 F
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10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 421 S
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10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 423 T
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10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 425 y
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10.4. Flame Stretch: Analyses 427 (
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10.5. Experimental and Computationa
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10.6. Further Implications of Stret
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Local Equivalence Ratio, φ 10.6. F
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10.7. Simultaneous Consideration of
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10.7. Simultaneous Consideration of
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10.8. Unsteady Dynamics 453 27%CH 4
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10.8. Unsteady Dynamics 455 0.0 -0.
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10.9. Flamefront Instabilities 457
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Problems 471 in Figure 10.9.4. This
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Problems 473 that for this flame lo
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11.1. General Concepts 475 Jet Mixi
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11.1. General Concepts 477 Figure 1
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11.1. General Concepts 479 Pdudv of
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11.1. General Concepts 481 1 R(r, t
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 483 L
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 485 1
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 487
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 489 T
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 491 l
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 493 w
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11.2. Simulation and Modeling 495 b
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11.3. Premixed Turbulent Combustion
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11.4. Nonpremixed Turbulent Combust
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Problems 515 4. For amethane-air di
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Combustion in Boundary-Layer Flows
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12.1. Considerations of Steady Two-
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12.2. Nonpremixed Burning of an Abl
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12.3. Ignition of a Premixed Combus
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12.4. Jet Flows 537 U ∞ Flame U
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12.4. Jet Flows 539 where (x, r) an
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12.4. Jet Flows 541 Laminar flames
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12.4. Jet Flows 543 (a) (b) (c) (d)
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12.4. Jet Flows 545 as the upstream
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12.4. Jet Flows 547 20 Liftoff heig
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12.5. Supersonic Boundary-Layer Flo
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12.6. Natural Convection Boundary-L
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Problems 557 with ρµ assumed to b
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13 Combustion in Two-Phase Flows In
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13.1. General Considerations of Dro
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13.1. General Considerations of Dro
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13.2. Single-Component Droplet Comb
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13.3. Multicomponent Droplet Combus
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13.4. Carbon Particle Combustion 60
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13.5. Metal Particle Combustion 611
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13.6. Phenomenology of Spray Combus
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13.6. Phenomenology of Spray Combus
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13.7. Formulation of Spray Combusti
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13.7. Formulation of Spray Combusti
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13.8. Adiabatic Spray Vaporization
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13.8. Adiabatic Spray Vaporization
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13.9. Heterogeneous Laminar Flames
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Problems 631 of the chemical reacti
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Problems 633 7. Another feature of
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14.1. Frozen and Equilibrium Flows
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14.2. Dynamics of Weakly Perturbed
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14.2. Dynamics of Weakly Perturbed
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14.3. Steady, Quasi-One-Dimensional
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14.4. Method of Characteristics 647
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14.5. Steady One-Dimensional Detona
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Page 695 and 696: 14.7. Propagation of Strong Blast W
Page 697 and 698: 14.7. Propagation of Strong Blast W
Page 699 and 700: 14.8. Direct Detonation Initiation
Page 705 and 706: 14.9. Indirect Detonation Initiatio
Page 707 and 708: Problems 687 Figure 14.9.1. Sequenc
Page 709 and 710: Problems 689 t C ζ − characteris
Page 711: Problems 691 if one assumes a squar
Page 714 and 715: 694 References Benson, S. W. 1981.
Page 716 and 717: 696 References Clavin, P. & William
Page 718 and 719: 698 References Gray, B. F. & Yang,
Page 720 and 721: 700 References Lasheras, J. C., Fer
Page 722 and 723: 702 References Lide, D. R. 1990-199
Page 724 and 725: 704 References Oppenheim, A. K. 198
Page 726 and 727: 706 References Semenov N. N. 1958.
Page 728 and 729: 708 References Sung, C. J., Zhu, D.
Page 730 and 731: 710 References Williams, F. A. 1992
Page 732 and 733: 712 Author Index Deutch, J. M., 579
Page 736 and 737: Subject Index Note: Page numbers fo
Page 738 and 739: 718 Subject Index droplet combustio
Page 740 and 741: 720 Subject Index Landau-Darrieus i
Page 742: 722 Subject Index strain rate, 226,
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