My Reading on ASQ CQA HB Part V Part 1 small
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Charlie Ch<strong>on</strong>g/ Fi<strong>on</strong> Zhang<br />
<strong>Part</strong> VC1<br />
1. Measures of Central Tendency<br />
―Most frequency distributi<strong>on</strong>s exhibit a ‗central tendency,‘ i.e., a shape such that the bulk of the observati<strong>on</strong>s pile<br />
up in the area between the two extremes. Central tendency is <strong>on</strong>e of the most fundamental c<strong>on</strong>cepts in all<br />
statistical analysis. There are three principal measures of central tendency: mean, median, and mode.‖<br />
Mean<br />
The mean, arithmetic mean, or mean value is the sum total of all data values divided by the number of data<br />
values. It is the average of the total of the sample values. Mean is the most comm<strong>on</strong>ly used measure of central<br />
tendency and is the <strong>on</strong>ly such measure that includes every value in the data set. The arithmetic mean is used for<br />
symmetrical or near-symmetrical distributi<strong>on</strong>s, or for distributi<strong>on</strong>s that lack a single, clearly dominant peak.<br />
Median<br />
The median is the middle value (midpoint) of a data set arranged in either ascending or descending numerical<br />
order. The median is used for reducing the effects of extreme values or for data that can be ranked but are not<br />
ec<strong>on</strong>omically measurable, such as shades of colors, odors, or appearances.<br />
Mode<br />
The mode is the value or number that occurs most frequently in a data set. If all the values are different, no mode<br />
exists. If two values have the highest and same frequency of occurrence, then the data set or distributi<strong>on</strong> has two<br />
modes and is referred to as bimodal. The mode is used for severely skewed distributi<strong>on</strong>s, for describing an<br />
irregular situati<strong>on</strong> when two peaks are found, or for eliminating the observed effects of extreme values.
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