Study of spatial distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils of El Tarf area (Northeast Algerian)

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J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2016 Comparing the results obtained spreads the effect of particle size variations. In fact, clayey muds easily retain metals. This suspended in water that is not the case for the quartz fraction (sand), (Claisse, 1995). For each analyzed metal element, the contents generally vary from site to another. This would be related to sedimentary facies and hydrogeology of lake ecosystems. The analysis of heavy metals quarters measured in surface soils of the study area brings up a contamination above accepted standards for iron, while lower for zinc. It is known that contaminated soil containing a large number of non-silicate iron is adsorbed a greater absolute amount of zinc than noncontaminated soil (Baize, 1997). Other Cd and Co elements present no harm to the environment. Moreover, the levels of these heavy metals are markedly elevated during low water in times of flood. The very abundant element iron shows high levels compared to other metals. It is noteworthy that the highest values are observed during the summer season. These high iron values are mainly due to erosion during floods, fumes and dust from steel Mittal Steel steelworks (El Hadjar) 60 km as the crow flies from the El-Tarf area, further promoting the fixing of heavy metals (Larba and Soltani, 2014). The high iron contents may be related to hydrodynamic and physicochemical conditions and especially the precipitation of iron oxides. In fact, during floods, firstly by the strong stirring currents promotes good oxygenation increasing precipitation of iron oxides, facilitating the formation and aggregation of organic and mineral particles, according to Claisse (1995) and secondly of obtaining the material in the colloidal state, it constitutes a support to the phenomena of adsorption, complexation and precipitation of metals (Viard-La Rocca, 2004). This can be explained by the fact that the amount of organic matter does not plays a leading role in adsorption process, as qualitative composition of organic and mineral formations as carriers of sorption capacity (Ben Hassine et al, 2016). Conclusion The results indicate that our soils are low in organic matter, not salty, have low electrical conductivity and an alkaline character very alkaline, while pH KCl have a neutral character. We note that at 9 sampling sites, the contents of four heavy metals are characterized by either a decrease, or an increase. However, the contents of the analyzed metals (Zn and Fe) follow a seasonal trend and are distributed according to a seasonal cycle, showing an increase taking place in the direction wet season, dry season. The contribution of heavy metals inputs are of varied origins: soil, fertilizers, pesticides, sewage sludge, irrigation, urban and industrial pollution ... etc. In fact, phosphate fertilizers are known for their high ETM, particularly those of Algerian origin. Only cadmium and cobalt levels are not alarming as they show no contamination. The results of the statistical analysis confirm those obtained in the laboratory and reveal variability between intra-period stations (inter-site), and a potential variability between the two periods (interperiod variability). This variability is due course to the characteristics of each site and to human pollution the effect that season. The findings in this study could play a key role to effective assessment of soil pollution with heavy metals in the study area. References AFNOR. 1994. Qualité des Sols. Recueil de Normes Françaises. Albrecht A. 1988. Influence du système de culture sur l’agrégation d’un vertisol et d’un sol ferralitique (Antille). Cahier ORSTOM, série Pédologie, vol XXIV N°4 pages 333-351. 165 | Zaoui et al.
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Study of spatial distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils of El Tarf area (Northeast Algerian)

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