Wicliffe and His Times - James Aitken Wylie

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mystic meanings of earthquakes, and bade them be of good courage and go on. "This earthquake," said he, "portends the purging of the kingdom from heresies. For as there are shut up in the bowels of the earth many noxious spirits, which are expelled in an earthquake, and so the earth is cleansed, but not without great violence: so there are many heresies shut up in the hearts of reprobate men, but by the condemnation of them the kingdom is to be cleansed, but not without irksomeness and great commotion." The court accepting, on the archbishop's authority, the earthquake as a good omen, went on with the trial of Wicliffe. An officer of the court read out twenty-six propositions selected from the writings of the Reformer. The court sat three days in "good deliberation" over them. It unanimously condemned ten of them as heretical, and the remainder as erroneous. Among those specially branded as heresies, were the propositions relating to transubstantiation, the temporal emoluments of the hierarchy, and the supremacy of the Pope, which last Wicliffe admitted might be deduced 188
from the emperor, but certainly not from Christ. The sentence of the court was sent to the Bishop of London and all his brethren, the suffragans of the diocese of Canterbury, as also to the Bishop of Lincoln, Wicliffe's diocesan, accompanied by the commands of Courtenay, as "Primate of all England," that they should look to it that these pestiferous doctrines were not taught in their dioceses. Besides these two missives, a third was dispatched to the University of Oxford, which was, in the primate's eyes, nothing better than a hot-bed of heresy. The chancellor, William de Barton, who presided over the court that condemned Wicliffe the year before, was dead, and his office was now filled by Robert Rigge, who was friendly to the Reformer. Among the professors and students were many who had imbibed the sentiments of Wicliffe, and needed to be warned against the "venomous serpent," to whose seductions they had already began to listen. When the primate saw that his counsel did not find the ready ear which he thought it entitled to from that learned body, but that, on 189
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WICLIFFE AND HIS TIMES James A. Wyl
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ival. It built for itself gorgeous
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child, who was named John. Here his
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humility was rewarded by his findin
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authority" with which they were for
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a single chapter of the Bible, for
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Alps it entered Northern Europe, le
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and Calvin. Wicliffe had been a wit
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"and inhabit everlasting burnings."
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een a person of noble aspect and co
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delay, in 1370, the cause was given
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all. The king had appealed to the P
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ceased to be rung; the crosses and
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they should instantly, except upon
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the independence of their country a
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contending against the evangelical
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demand the more conspicuous, was th
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ulls, and briefs were so many drain
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ishop, or other, any bull, or any o
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to benefices it was not so easy to
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These were a sort of double breast-
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A military baron is the first to ri
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should hold our land directly and a
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did was against his oath at his cor
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with so resolute a patriotism. The
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peculiar clerk," from which we infe
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would bring such an accession of pr
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Chapter 4 Wicliffe's Battle with th
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original at small occasions, thereb
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monastery came the halt, the blind,
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in society, not in solitude, that w
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week except Friday. They run here a
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devoured after plate, and such natu
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view in the constitution of the new
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to be. Being joined by seven discip
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again were kings and suppliant prin
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his conclave the idea of Francis ap
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of Rome, but did not attest with eq
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order of monks were recluses. They
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oth as individuals and as a body, w
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hoards increased every day. How cam
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established in England, where, from
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though they would, to the great gri
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Pope; they had been created by him,
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it; and therefore, not content, as
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controversy was no mere quarrel bet
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"There is no greater heresy than fo
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false dogma on which it was founded
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abuses which these laws were meant
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conveyed away, which they cannot be
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never tied his hands by promise or
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Wicliffe was appointed to the recto
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year he had taken the first-fruits
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against the royal prerogative. The
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took the matter in hand, being then
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These doctrines were found to be of
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erroneous conclusions, and most wic
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first to make his way into the Chap
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citation, like a dangerous spell wh
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fourteenth century found it encompa
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all the temporalities, of all the s
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Chapter 8 Hierarchical Persecution
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the archbishop's chapel at Lambeth.
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than courtly, their adherence to th
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Would it have been better that Engl
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power of the keys," as it has been
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as a single acre from her domains o
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"Prelates and priests," says he, "c
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Page 143 and 144: whole face of England would be chan
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Page 147 and 148: Nor even to the men of his own time
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Page 153 and 154: Chapter 10 The Translation of the S
Page 155 and 156: against the Reformer, died also, an
Page 157 and 158: with the first-elected Pope, who to
Page 159 and 160: helped to reveal to him yet more cl
Page 161 and 162: eyes upon them, he said with a loud
Page 163 and 164: whom were Alfric and Alfred the Gre
Page 165 and 166: end their authors sought. They were
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Page 171 and 172: of some college, where all might co
Page 173 and 174: already traversing the length and b
Page 175 and 176: In short, a great clamor was raised
Page 177 and 178: Wielding the sword of the Spirit, w
Page 179 and 180: of Rome. He had come ere this to be
Page 181 and 182: altar, is neither Christ nor any pa
Page 183 and 184: his expulsion from the university.
Page 185 and 186: they show us the inner condition of
Page 187: seats, and were proceeding to busin
Page 191 and 192: stage. This prince stood stoutly by
Page 193 and 194: Chapter 12 Wicliffe's Appeal to Par
Page 195 and 196: paper, which related to tithes and
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Page 199 and 200: Chapter 13 Wicliffe Before Convocat
Page 201 and 202: after the manner of that scholastic
Page 203 and 204: laid an arrest upon him. He had had
Page 205 and 206: would have felt only assailed; as i
Page 207 and 208: was left at liberty. "He that lovet
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Page 211 and 212: deeply he saw into the constitution
Page 213 and 214: development, by equal stages, of ou
Page 215 and 216: taught also that every man had a ri
Page 217 and 218: and very man; His substitution in t
Page 219 and 220: among its ministers, gradation of r
Page 221 and 222: teachings of prophets and apostles,
Page 223 and 224: very heart of the darkness, telling
Page 225: generations." Wicliffe, had he live
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Wicliffe and His Times - James Aitken Wylie

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