Wicliffe and His Times - James Aitken Wylie

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Chapter 1 Wicliffe His Birth and Education WITH the revolving centuries we behold the world slowly emerging into the light. The fifth century brought with it a signal blessing to Christianity in the guise of a disaster. Like a tree that was growing too rapidly, it was cut down to its roots that it might escape a luxuriance which would have been its ruin. From a Principle that has its seat in the heart, and the fruit of which is an enlightened understanding and a holy life, Religion, under the corrupting influences of power and riches, was being transformed into a Rite, which, having its sphere solely in the senses, leaves the soul in darkness and the life in bondage. These two, the Principle and the Rite, began so early as the fourth and fifth centuries to draw apart, and to develop each after its own kind. The rite rapidly progressed, and seemed far to outstrip its 2
ival. It built for itself gorgeous temples, it enlisted in its service a powerful hierarchy, it added year by year to the number and magnificence of its ceremonies, it expressed itself in canons and constitutions; and, seduced by this imposing show, nations bowed down before it, and puissant kings lent their swords for its defense and propagation. Far otherwise was it with its rival. Withdrawing into the spiritual sphere, it appeared to have abandoned the field to its antagonist. Not so, however. If it had hidden itself from the eyes of men, it was that it might build up from the very foundation, piling truth upon truth, and prepare in silence those mighty spiritual forces by which it was in due time to emancipate the world. Its progress was consequently less marked, but was far more real than that of its antagonist. Every error which the one pressed into its service was a cause of weakness; every truth which the other added to its creed was a source of strength. The uninstructed and superstitious hordes which the one received into its communion were dangerous allies. They might follow it in the day of its prosperity, but they 3
Page 1: WICLIFFE AND HIS TIMES James A. Wyl
Page 5 and 6: child, who was named John. Here his
Page 7 and 8: humility was rewarded by his findin
Page 9 and 10: authority" with which they were for
Page 11 and 12: a single chapter of the Bible, for
Page 13 and 14: Alps it entered Northern Europe, le
Page 15 and 16: and Calvin. Wicliffe had been a wit
Page 17 and 18: "and inhabit everlasting burnings."
Page 19 and 20: een a person of noble aspect and co
Page 21 and 22: delay, in 1370, the cause was given
Page 23 and 24: all. The king had appealed to the P
Page 25 and 26: ceased to be rung; the crosses and
Page 27 and 28: they should instantly, except upon
Page 29 and 30: the independence of their country a
Page 31 and 32: contending against the evangelical
Page 33 and 34: demand the more conspicuous, was th
Page 35 and 36: ulls, and briefs were so many drain
Page 37 and 38: ishop, or other, any bull, or any o
Page 39 and 40: to benefices it was not so easy to
Page 41 and 42: These were a sort of double breast-
Page 43 and 44: A military baron is the first to ri
Page 45 and 46: should hold our land directly and a
Page 47 and 48: did was against his oath at his cor
Page 49 and 50: with so resolute a patriotism. The
Page 51 and 52: peculiar clerk," from which we infe
Page 53 and 54:
would bring such an accession of pr
Page 55 and 56:
Chapter 4 Wicliffe's Battle with th
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original at small occasions, thereb
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monastery came the halt, the blind,
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in society, not in solitude, that w
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week except Friday. They run here a
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devoured after plate, and such natu
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view in the constitution of the new
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to be. Being joined by seven discip
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again were kings and suppliant prin
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his conclave the idea of Francis ap
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of Rome, but did not attest with eq
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order of monks were recluses. They
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oth as individuals and as a body, w
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hoards increased every day. How cam
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established in England, where, from
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though they would, to the great gri
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Pope; they had been created by him,
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it; and therefore, not content, as
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controversy was no mere quarrel bet
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"There is no greater heresy than fo
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false dogma on which it was founded
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abuses which these laws were meant
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conveyed away, which they cannot be
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never tied his hands by promise or
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Wicliffe was appointed to the recto
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year he had taken the first-fruits
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against the royal prerogative. The
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took the matter in hand, being then
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These doctrines were found to be of
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erroneous conclusions, and most wic
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first to make his way into the Chap
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citation, like a dangerous spell wh
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fourteenth century found it encompa
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all the temporalities, of all the s
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Chapter 8 Hierarchical Persecution
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the archbishop's chapel at Lambeth.
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than courtly, their adherence to th
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Would it have been better that Engl
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power of the keys," as it has been
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as a single acre from her domains o
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"Prelates and priests," says he, "c
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who becomes immoral and fails to fu
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Moses. But that enactment, the Refo
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was the plan Wicliffe laid before t
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whole face of England would be chan
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land to aliens and enemies; and man
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Nor even to the men of his own time
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comprehensiveness, the courage, and
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celebrate in songs the Exodus of ea
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Chapter 10 The Translation of the S
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against the Reformer, died also, an
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with the first-elected Pope, who to
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helped to reveal to him yet more cl
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eyes upon them, he said with a loud
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whom were Alfric and Alfred the Gre
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end their authors sought. They were
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which bound the souls of his countr
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eason have later philologists assig
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of some college, where all might co
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already traversing the length and b
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In short, a great clamor was raised
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Wielding the sword of the Spirit, w
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of Rome. He had come ere this to be
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altar, is neither Christ nor any pa
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his expulsion from the university.
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they show us the inner condition of
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seats, and were proceeding to busin
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from the emperor, but certainly not
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stage. This prince stood stoutly by
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Chapter 12 Wicliffe's Appeal to Par
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paper, which related to tithes and
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simony, or murder, the people may b
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Chapter 13 Wicliffe Before Convocat
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after the manner of that scholastic
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laid an arrest upon him. He had had
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would have felt only assailed; as i
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was left at liberty. "He that lovet
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enewing the world can be ascribed b
Page 211 and 212:
deeply he saw into the constitution
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development, by equal stages, of ou
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taught also that every man had a ri
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and very man; His substitution in t
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among its ministers, gradation of r
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teachings of prophets and apostles,
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very heart of the darkness, telling
Page 225:
generations." Wicliffe, had he live
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Wicliffe and His Times - James Aitken Wylie

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