14.13 - Mars Rovers

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Figure 3 – Photograph Showing the Relative Sizes of Pathfinder, Opportunity and Curiosity In this document we are going to look mainly at images from the two rovers that are allegedly currently active on the surface of Mars, and also a small selection of images from redundant missions. The Opportunity rover has been active since 2004 and is still sending images back to the Earth. Incredibly it has exceeded its operational planned life expectancy by over 10 years. An identical rover, Spirit, was launched in the same time frame, but communication was lost in May 2011. 5
3. OPPORTUNITY ROVER Figure 4 – Diagram of Opportunity Rover The vehicle has 6 wheels, each with its own independent electric motors. It is steered by both the front and back wheels and is designed to operate safely on slopes of up to 30 degrees. The solar panels can generate 140 watts, which is not much more than an electric light bulb, for 4 hours each day. The rover is powered by rechargeable lithium ion batteries which provide the power for the motors and all the equipment on board. This type of battery is widely used on Earth in laptops, mobile phones and power tools. The rovers operating temperature range is -40 to +40 degrees centigrade. Radioisotope heaters provide a base level of heating assisted by electrical heaters where necessary. The average surface temperature on Mars is estimated to be -55 degrees centigrade. At the equator the temperature varies from 20 degrees C down to -73 degrees C. This is 33 degrees lower than the minimum operating temperature of the rover. It is claimed the vehicle consumes only 100 watts of power when it is in operation. For comparison, a typical sewing machine uses 100 watts, a hedge trimmer 450 watts and an electric drill 700 watts. The rover carries many instruments, batteries, solar panels, and moves using 6 electric powered wheels on uneven ground, but only consumes the same amount of power as a sewing machine. It weighs 185 kilos, which is heaver than the weight of two average sized adults. Taking into account that gravity on Mars is only 3.71 m/s/s, which is 2.6 times less than on 6
Page 1 and 2: CONTENTS 0. REVISION HISTORY 1 1. I
Page 3 and 4: 1. INTRODUCTION This document is a
Page 5: 2. MARS EXPLORATION As Mars is easi
Page 9 and 10: 4. CURIOSITY ROVER Figure 5 - Diagr
Page 11 and 12: Figure 7 - Curiosity Rover Image PI
Page 13 and 14: Some Mars experts have explained th
Page 15 and 16: Figure 15 - Curiosity Rover Image 0
Page 17 and 18: Figure 19 - A ventifact or skeletal
Page 21 and 22: Figure 25 - Comparison of 2M1606315
Page 23 and 24: Figure 27 - Comparison of tardigrad
Page 25 and 26: Figure 28 - Opportunity Rover Image
Page 27 and 28: Figure 31 - From “A Fossil Hunter
Page 29 and 30: Why have NASA been reluctant to ack
Page 31 and 32: Figure 36 - Close up of 0530ML00210
Page 35 and 36: A possible explanation of these ano
Page 37 and 38: In the image below, the hinge marke
Page 39 and 40: NASA’s explanation for the first
Page 41 and 42: Figure 53 - Screenshots from www.ma
Page 43 and 44: “In examining the many sky images
Page 45 and 46: Figure 57 - NASA Image 2f237337944e
Page 47 and 48: Figure 59 - NASA Image 1f138744391e
Page 49 and 50: 5.9 Sand Dunes Figure 61 - Curiosit
Page 51 and 52: 6. RADIO SIGNALS In 2010 a testimon
Page 53 and 54: Figure 65 - An industry standard VM
Page 55 and 56: 7. MARS ROVER VEHICLE DEVELOPMENT A
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Figure 67 - Opportunity Rover Under
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7.2 Landing In order to land the ro
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Total remaining energy = 7,082,856,
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M=471,698 lbm or 236 tons Now let
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provable refutation. Here is the on
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Figure 74 - Curiosity Landing Video
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A female journalist then asks Stelt
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Figure 79 - The Haughton Crater on
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9.3 Spitsbergen Test Site Figure 82
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10. THE MARS SOCIETY I have mention
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11. CONCLUSION If one considers eac
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Figure 87 - Curiosity Rover Image 0
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Figure 90 - “bone shaped anomaly
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Figure 92 - Opportunity Rover Image
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By the way are you based in Scotlan
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21) What security is in place at th
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APPENDIX 3 - NASA FIOA REQUEST RA00
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statutory time requirements like th
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When the astronauts leave the moon,
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14.13 - Mars Rovers

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