Home Gardening Chin Language

Training Manual for 

Nutrition Sensitive Home 

Gardening (Lai Holh)

A Chung Um Mi 

Thennak (I) nak 

1. Bia hmaithi 

2. Inn dum tuah nak thawng in that hnemnak 

3. Tlang cung thlai cii cin nak caan langh ter nak 

Thennak (II) nak 

1. Inn dum tuahnak caah vawlei hmun thimnak 

2. Inn dum kulh nak 

3. Vawlei sersiam nak 

4. Thlai cii cin ding thimnak 

5. Ti lak piak le tawlrel ning 

6. Kokek nawn ser ning cang 

(a) Vawlei nawn tuah ning cang 

(b) Vawlei vurh ning cang 

(c) Cang cel zuat ning cang 

(d) A chang chang in cin ning cang 

7. Zawt nak/rungrul khamh ning cang 

(a) Rungrul le zawt nak thlak mi hmel chunhnak thlei dan ning cang 

(b) Cin thlak hrawk tu rungrul an nun caan theihnak 

(c) Chin ram ah a tla bik mi rungrul le zawt nak kong 

(d) Hman phek ,Ai thin ,kha chuan rang in rungrul thah nak sii tuah ning cang 

(e) Khuh si hnah in si kah mi ser ning cang 

(f) Lime sulphur (zen le thung) ranag cawh in sii kah mi ser ning cang 

(g) Doghtha buar si ser ning cang 

Thennak (III) - Ti sik an hnah cin ning cang 

1. Khayanchinti cin ning 

2. Hman phek cin ning 

3. Mai cin ning 

4. Piat cin nin 

5. Kha chuan rang cin ning 

6. Kha zer cin ning 

7. Kawpi hlum cin ning 

8. An tam cin ning 

9. Pan kawpi hring cin ning 

10. Pan kawpi cin ning 

11. Sadaw pe cin ning 

12. Peti cin ning 

Thennak (IV) – Seed bank Group phu sersiam ning cang 

1. Hlawh tling phu si nak caah a herh mi tuah ning cang 

2. Thlai cii kheuh ning hneksak ning cang 

3. Thlai cii zuarnak he peh tlaih nak 

4. Mandalay-Hakha-Kalay thlai cii zuarnak hmun 

5. Phu caah sermi zulh awk phung phai 

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Thennak (V) – Inn dum chung ah zuat kheh nak le thing kung cinnak dum kong lam 

1. Inn dum le zuat khelh nak nak kong lam 

2. Thing kung cin ning cang 

(a) Mi sur cin ning cang 

(b) Thaw bat cin ning cang 

(c) Coffee cin ning cang 

Thennak (VI) nak – Thlai cii zun hnu tuan ning cang 

1. Thlai cii khon ning cang 

2. Khyanchinti meh phun ser ning cang 

3. Ai thing thur le ai thing mu thai tuah ning cang 

4. Misur wine tuah ning cang 

Thennak (VII) nak - Ti sik an hanh chung tel aharah(nutrition) um tu ning 

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I.Dal (1) Nak : Bai hmaithi 

Thennak(I)nak 

Myanmar Institude for Intergated Development( MIID) nih an kal pi mi project ah hin Nutrition 

timi thazang a kan pe kho mi ti rawl cin thlak nak pawl i hmaithlak in kum (3) project cu a dih 

lei sang a vun panh cang. Cu an rian tuan mi pawl lak ah cun Inn Dum timi tuahnak in Nutrition 

hmuh khawhnak ding kha pa pek in an tuanmi ah a tel. Inn dum tuah nak ah hin tisik annhnah 

ciin thlak ning cang hi a than cho khawhnak hnga lothlomi pawl hi thiamnak hngalhnak kan 

chimh hna. 

Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) timi a thami cin thlak lo thlawh nak lei thiamnak hna zong an 

inn dum cio ah fiang tein hmuhsak nak cawn piak nak training zong kan pek hna. 

Cu training kan pek mi hna hi hmai lei can saupi an hman khawhnak hnga kan i timh mi cu 

Mirang Holh, Kawl Holh le Hakha Holh in Dum tuahnak kutken cauk chuah i lo thlohmi hna kut 

chung tiang phan ding in kan tuahmi asi. 

Hi cauk chuah khawhnak ah fund in a kan bawm chantu LIFT cung ah siseh MIID staffs nih tuah 

vo ngan pi khinh in nan tuahmi cung ah kan I lawm. 

I.Dal(2)nak : Inn Dum tuahnak thawng in a 

thathnemnak: 

Chungkhar hrehmi Nutrition (A ha ra), Vitamin le vawlei chung chuak dat pawl kan hmuh khawh. 

• Chungkhar tangka hmanmi a tlo. 

• A thar hlammi tisik an hnah kan ei kho. 

• Chungkhar ahlei in tangka hmuhnak an ngei. 

• In pawng kam a hning hno ter. 

• Chungkar zaapi ngandamnak an hmu. 

• Hmun cheng hmun ah vawlei sa ti nih a lanh pi tawn mi kha a vun kham khawh i that 

hnemnak a um. (UNDP Delta Home Gardening Manual) i tial mi. 

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I.Dal(3)nak :Tlang cung cinmi cinthlak an cancan: 

= Cin caan = A kung than caan = Thlai zun caan 

Khuasik caan 

Thal caan 

Tlaikeu mi Jan Feb Mar Apr May 

Porpok(Kha Yan Chin 

Ti) 

Kawpi hlum, An tam, 

Nuku, an tam baa 

rang....etc 

Pan kawpi, Broccoli 

Pee a phun phun 

Zungpade ti, Bombok, 

Khazer 

Piat, kha chuan rang 

Aa luu 

Buu ti, Mairunn, Mai 

Tawreebaa 

Fangvoi 

Tlang facang 

Lei facang 

Thawpat 

Coffee 

Tarpa til hmul 

Misur 

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Serthlum

A tang lei hmuhsakmi ti vawlei thatnak le tha tein tuan ah cun hlawh tling tein ciinnak caan. A 

cheu cu a hmunhma le rili in tahnak a niam sam nak ngeih in ciin can a thlei dang. 

Furpi 

Khuasik caan 

June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 

Rili in a san nak pe 4000 tang Khuasik caan 

Kum 3 hnu ah zun mi 






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Thennak (II) nak 

Inn dum cinnak caah vawlei hmun 

thimnak ,i timhnak le zoh khenh nak 

II.Dal(1)nak: Inn dum tuah nak caah vawlei 

Hmun thimnak 

• Inn he aneih lai. Ni fa tein (zoh khenh khawhnak hmun) 

• Ti a ngahnak hmun si lai. 

• A tlawm bik ni cheu tel ni hmuh nak hmun si lai. 

• Ti lut chuak a thatnak hmun a si lai. 

• Thli tha tein a luh chuaknak hmun a si lai. 

• Chungkhar um minung tuak in inn dum hmunhma tuah ding a si lai. Minung pa (6) caah 

cun a tlawm bik( 40 x 30) a kaumi hmun hma nih kumkhat chung eimi an hmuh khawh. 

• Inn dum tuahnak hmun cu nan kulh lai. 

II.Dal(2)nak: Inn dum kulhnak 

Inn dum i a biapi bik mi cu dum tha tein kulh kha a si.A bik in ar,vok le caw ,na an luh khawh lo 

ding in fek tein kulh ding si. Inn dum tuah tik ah hin a kulh a man hi tam bik a dihmi a si. A sin na 

in tha tein kulhmi cu saupi kan hman khawh caah a fekmi thir (tan zaka) le thing rua ti ban tuk 

in kulh kha a tha. Cun horticulture net timi kulhnak sur a hring rong asi mi zong in kulh kho a si. 

40x30’ a khuami inn dum caah tung 20 le ni hlawh mi pa 4 hrawng a hau .A kulhnak ah thir (tan 

zaka) na hman ah cun ting 1 hrawng a dih. Horticulture net (sur hring) na hman ah cun 30,000 

hrawng, rua na hman ah cun rua pum 100 hrawng a hau. 40x30’ kaumi inn dum ca i a dihmi a 

buak tlak in 150,000ks hrawng a si. 

Photo 1; A man tlawm te in dum kulh nak. 

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II. Dal(3)nak: Vawlei sersiam nak 

Inn dum tuah nak i a chanbau mi cu vawlei a thatnak hmun kan thim khawh lo mi kha a si Cu ca 

ah cun vawlei a seng tuk mi le a hrawl tuk mi cu a tang lei tuah ning in tuah khawh a si. Vawlei 

a seng mi that ternak caah khuasik ah vawlei kalh ding, cun vawlei kha phorh ding, kokek non 

pek ding, thing kung hram ah thing hnah pon piak ding timi nih khan a remh khawh. Thatse 

vawlei that ternak caah kokek non pek le thingkung hrah a hram ah pon piak nak thawng in 

vawlei dat a zawr ti lo i vawlei a hun tha than. 

Na cin hlan ah a hmun kha thlaikheu cinnak, kokek non tuah nak, a khang tuahnak, ti i khon 

nak ti ban tuk kha tha tein a hmun kha then hna. Na cin hlan ah 3’ a kau a tlawm bik 6” hrawng 

a chah mi a kuang na tuah lai i vawlei kha non na toih lai. Ti luannak zong tha tein na tuah lai. 

Tlang cung hmun cu a chennak hmun a tam caah khang donh in tuah kha a tha. Can saupi 

anung mi thingkung kha a pawng ah cin lo thla dem a tlawm deuh mi thingkung cin a tha. Caan 

sau pi a nung mi thingkung pe khat thuk pe khat khor co law in dum a kil ah khor 4 co law, non 

toih hna. Non hi fawi tein hmuh khawhmi cawek, vokek papalak ek kha hman khawh an si. Non 

hi tha tein a mawt mi kha a tha. A cin tukmi nan hman lo ding. A buak tlak in a khang a kauh 

3x24’ ah cawek ip khat na toih ah cun a zaa ko. 

II.Dal(4)nak : Thlai cii cin ding thim nak 

Inn dum ah cinthlak thlai cii phun 6 hrawng a tlawm bik in thin ding. A tang lei langter mi ban 

tuk in thim ding. 

• Chungkhar nih an duhmi tisik an hnah cin ding kha i thim ding. 

• A zawng phun tampi a telmi tisik an hnah (or) a harah hmuh khawh nak a dang cio mi tisik 

an hnah hna thim ding. 

• Kan hmunhma ah cin awk a fawi mi le kan ngeih ciami kha thim i cin ding. 

• Khua caan hen a tlak mi thlai kung thim ding 

• Cin bal lomi tisik an hnah phun zong kha thim i cin ding. 

A cung lei langhtermi hna lak ah a tlawm bik phun 3 tal a thim ah cun inn dum cu tha deuh le 

hlawh tling in a hung um ko lai. A hnu i kan vun langh ter micin tlak ning cang hi Chin ram, Hakha 

peng um cin tla tu hna nih an nn dum ah an cin ding mi an I thim mi cin thlak min pawl hi kan 

vun khomh hna. 

II.Dal(5)nak : Ti lak piak le tawl rel ning 

• Zei tik can paoh ah ti pek khawh ding in timh ding. A bik in khuasik le thal ah ti a zatnak in 

khan ding. 

• Pe 40x30 dum ah ti gallon 150 hrawng tlum mi tipung, ti khor ,ti dil pa khat khat tel tuah piak 

ding. A man fawi ten tuah nak caah muka plastic hman khawh asi. 

• Ti a harnak hmun ah cun ti a dor in tlak termi ning cang asi lo le hlonh mi ti pawl kha khon i 

hman ding. A tang lei ah a dik thliar deuh in kan langhter. 

Chinram ban tuk ti harnak hmun ah cun, ti a um ko nan, lak a har tuk caah kan ngeih ciami ti 

hna hi ning cang tein kan hman khawh ding hi a biapi ngaimi asi. Hi kutken cauk ah hin inn dum 

i cin mi tisik an hnah nih a harah ngahnak a chuahpi tu asi mi kha kan cin ban tuk in a herh mi ti 

a zat nak le zei can ah dah ti pek ding an timi kha a toinak in kan vun langhter. 

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II.5 (a)Ti a herh cang timi hngalhnak ah kut in 

hnek sak ding: 

1. Cinthlak kung a hram pawng i vawlei kha zoh chun awkah la hna. 

2. Na lak mi vawlei kha na kut in hum. 

3. Na kut dong karlak in ti a chuah lo le ,na kut na lak tik i vawlei a tan lo ah cun ti toih a hau 

rih lo. 

Fig 1; Vawlei a tan rih lo ah 

cun ti toih hau lo 

Fig 2; Vawlei a tan lo ah 

cun ti toih hau 

II.5. (b) Ruah ti khawn i hman ding: 

Ti a harnak hmun ah ruah ti khawn i hman kha a biapi ngaimi asi.Inn cung in a tlami ruah ti cu 

fawi tein khon khawh asi. Man fawi tein plastic asi lo ah muka puan in khon khawh asi. Pe 6x6x6 

kau mi ti na khawnmi nih ti har can ah thingkung a herh ning rup in kan hman ah cun thla 1 caah 

kan i zaa kho. Ti khonmi a kauh pe 15x5x3 nih ti gallon 1385 na khon khawh i pe 30x20 kau i cin 

mi hi ni khat ah ti gallon 75 an herh. Cu caah cun ti gallon 1395 nih ni 18 ca a deih. Ni hni dan in 

na toih ah cun ni 36 tiang na zaa kho. 

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Fig 3; Ruah ti khon ding 

II.5. (c) Hlonhmi ti hman thannak: 

Inn dum caah hin cun ti a hlei vuang mi hi a tam deuh nih cun an hman tawn. Din awk ti hmanh 

harnak Chinram ah hin cun thaal i tisik an hnah cinnak caah cun ti cu a har ngaingai ko. Cu caah 

cun pakan tawlnak ti hlei mi, ti kholh nak i hman mi, thilsuk hnu a tang mi ti pawl kha khon I 

cinthlak toih awk ah hman khawh asi. 

• Ni khat ah mi nung nih kan hman mi ti hi gallon 10 hrawng asi.(WHO) 

• Chungkhar pa 7 nih hmanmi ti gallon 70 hrawng asi. 

• Ni khat ah hman khawh thanmi tiah tuakmi ti gallon 50. 

• Cu ti gallon 50 nih 30x20’ kauh nak hmun cin mi caah a zaa kho. 

Fig 4 & 5; Hlonhmi ti 

khon ning 

Fig 6; Hlonhmi ti dum 

ah hman Ding 

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Tuah ning cang: 

1. Pakan tawlnak, ti kholhnak, le thilsuk nak i hman cia mi ti kha plastic man fawi phun si lo ah 

muka in, ti pung in khon ding. 

2. Na khon nak ti tank kha thing in kamh ah a tha. Asi lo ah vawlei kha cio law plastic khan 

khon ding asi. 

3. Ti na khonnak 2’ kau a thuh 2’ hrawng asi ah cun a zaa ko. 

4. Khonmi ti kha pung in maw asi lo le a aung vit, ti pipe he peh law cin thlak hmun ah ti toih 

khawh asi. 

5. Zarh khat voi khat hrawng cu ti tank kha thenh law a tha. 

Ralrin dingmi : 

• A tlawm bik ni hnih voikhat ti tanki chung ummi ti kha nan hman dih lai. 

• Thil suk tik i hmasabik a chuahmi satpia hang tel lo hmanmi a zaa pi tein ti khonnak tanki 

ah luh ter ding. 

• Ti kha sau tuk khon lo ding asi lai. Fur can ah cun khon a hau lo. 

• Cin thlak kung a hnah cung ti toih nak in a kung pawng toih kha a tha bik. 

A tu ban tuk in hlonhmi ti hman thannak thawng in siseh ruah ti khon mi ti in ti 

a har caan ah cinthlak kha khim tein ti kan pek khawh hna. 

II.5. (d) Cinthlak a bit kauh rup in cerhti ti nih a 

pek khawh mi tuak nak: 

1. Pung in cerhti in a chuak mi kha don. 

2. Pung a khah tiang second zeizat a rauh kha i tial. 

3. Ti pung chung i a tlum mi ti a zat gallon tuak ning. (1 gallon =hrai 18(or)4.5 litre) 

4. A tlummi ti gallon zaapi kha a ruahmi second in phaw. 

5. A chuakmi a phi cu second pakhat ah a ti luan ning asi. 

Eg; Gallon 5 khah ding ah second 20 a rau. 

Second pa khat i a ti luan rate 5/20 =0.25 gallon tinak asi 

Second pa khat i a tiluan rate ning in cinmi cin tlak a bit kauh tuak ning cang 

A cheu ning% =1 

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Table (1) Dum caah a herh mi pipe a fat ngan tuak tan ning 

Sr. 

Second 

pakhat ah 

a tiluan 

rate 

gallon 

100% 

a herh 

mi ti 

(gallon) 

A 

Kanh a 

tung 

A 

kanh 

a 

vang 

Acre 

Atlakmi pipe a 

hmet/ngan 

PVC 

lehma 

h 

Pipe nak 

mi 

1 0.058 5000 210 210 1 Acre 0.5 သုံးမတ် 

2 0.029 2500 210 105 0.5 Acre 0.5 သုံးမတ် 

3 0.014 1259 105 105 0.25 Acre 0.5 သုံးမတ် 

4 0.007 579 100 50 0.115 Acre 0.5 သုံးမတ် 

5 0.005 400 60 60 0.08 Acre 0.5 သုံးမတ် 

6 0.003 250 60 40 0.05 Acre 0.5 ငါးမူး 

7 0.0023 200 60 30 0.04 Acre ငါးမူး 

8 0.0034 300 50 50 0.006 Acre ငါးမူး 

9 0.0017 150 50 25 0.003 Acre ငါးမူး 

10 0.0017 150 50 30 0.03 Acre ငါးမူး 

11 0.0008 70 30 25 0.015 Acre 

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Table (2) Dum a hmet kauh ningin Ti a herh mi tuak taan ning 

Thal caan caah (8 mm per day) 

Sr. 

Dum a 

hmet 

kauh 

Dum a hmet 

kauh 

Asau Akhau A kung 

fa mi 

Ni khat ah ti a herh mi 

A than 

caan 

Acu zaa caan 

1 1 210 210 1000-2000 5000-6000 7000-8000 tluk 

2 0.5 210 105 500-1000 2500-3000 3500-4000 tluk 

3 0.25 105 105 250-500 1250-1500 1750-2000 tluk 

4 0.115 100 50 200-400 600-700 800-900 

5 0.08 60 60 140 420 560 

6 0.05 60 40 90 260 350 

7 0.04 60 30 70 210 280 

8 0.06 50 50 100 300 420 

9 0.03 50 25 50 150 200 

10 0.03 40 30 50 150 200 

11 0.014 30 20 25 75 100 

Table (3) Khuasik caan i Ti a herh zat (6 mm per day) 

Sr. 

Dum a 

hmet 

kauh 

Dum a hmet 

kauh 

Asau Akhau A kung 

fa mi 

Ni khat ah ti a herh mi 

A than 

caan 

Acu zaa caan 

1 1 210 210 1000 3750 5000 

2 0.5 210 105 500 1875 2500 

3 0.25 105 105 250 938 1250 

4 0.115 100 50 145 430 575 

5 0.08 60 60 100 300 400 

6 0.05 60 40 60 188 250 

7 0.04 60 30 50 150 200 

8 0.06 50 50 75 225 300 

9 0.03 50 25 38 113 150 

10 0.03 40 30 38 150 150 

11 0.014 30 20 18 53 70 

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• Pipe line pe 100 kal tinte pe 1 a niam mi (slope 1%) le mah nak in a cho deuh mi hmum hma 

poh ah mah pipe a ngan/fa kan hmanh khawh i tangka hman mi zg a tlo. 

• Mah kan tuak dan hi Hazen William Equation tuak ning bang tuk te asi. 

Hf 100 = 1.22 x 10 12 x (Q/C) 1.852 

D 4.87 

• PVC 0.5 lehmah=16mm(id) 

• Pipe nak သုံးမတ် ( 0.75 lehmah) = 15-16 mm(id) 

Ti kan pek tik ah i ralrin ding mi: 

Ti kan pek tik ah a herh mi leng in kan pek ah cun vawlei thatnak a zor ter. Thing kung zawt nak 

le a dang chiat nak a chuah ter chih. A bia pi in zing lei ah ti kan pek lai. Hlonhmi ti asi ah cun a 

hnah lei kha ti toih piak lo in a thingkung hram vawlei ti toih piak kha a tha bik mi asi. 

Ti pek ning cang: 

Ti pek dan pawl a tam pi a um ko nain yepan pek dan, ti a dor in pek ning, dum ti toih nak in 

kung khat cio toih piak, pipe in toih piak mi hi inn dum caah kan hman tam bik asi. Hlonh mi ti 

cu yepan in hman lo ah atha. 

Yepan in ti pek dan: 

Yepan in ti kan pek tik ah a tang lei thil si ning le a herh mi 

• Ti inn (or) tanki 

• Pipe le yepan 

• A tlawm bik a san 10-15’ (yepan a fa mi pa khat) 

Vawlei a daam mi rawh ter lo in cin thlak ning cang 

Ti kan tawih tik ah kan mah nih kan hman mi ti pek ning le kan cin ning cung ah hngatchan in 

kan langh termi ning in semrel tein hman khawh asi. 

Tahchunnak – Vawlei khuh piak in ti kha a dor dor in pek phun in kan tuah nak thawng in ti kha 

30% in 40% tiang semrel te in hman khawh asi. 

Fig 7; Capawl khuh piak nak thawg in Ti 

heu a zor ter. 

Fig 8; Ti a dor dor in pek mi 

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Chin Chiah Nak - A tlangpi in an tuakmi cu thel can ah ni khat ti a herh 

mi 8mm ,khuasik can ah ti a herh mi 6mm(U Hoke San, Land and water 

management Consultant, 2018)Falam khua,muzalah zung nih an tuak mi kha 

kan tah chun in tuak mi asi. 

II.Dal (6) nak ;Kokkek non ser ning cang 

(Compost Making) 

II.6. (a) Vawlei non tuah ning cang 

Kokek Non kan hman nak thawng in thlai kung le thlai keuh caah thaazaang tam pi a pek/ 

Vawlei chung that nak pe tu rungrul/ Abang mi kha a man ter i aman mi kha a peh ter than/ 

Vawlei sawhsawh nakin Ti /Adam mi dat athing khawh/ Thlaikung ahram in fawi te in an dawp 

an ei khawh/ Vawlei athur a al mi zong a remh khawh i vawlei chung ah thli luh thli chuah a tha 

i vawlei sa a that ter mi kha kan hmuh khawh. 

A herh mi thilri pawl; 

• Hramh/ Thinghnah/ Facang zi a cin/ a ro mi pawl an ngah khawh chung in khon ding. 

• Cawek /Arek/Vokek le Meheh ek pawl a hlan kan in I khon cia ding. 

• Ti a herh zat in a hlan kan in i khon cia ding. 

• A cung lei atha mi vawlei(top soil). 

Plastic in a cung ah khuh piak 

din 

Vawlei a tha mi 

Saram zum ek 

Hramh a cin mi le a car mi 

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Tuah ning; 

Hmasa bik ah kokek non tuah nak hmun kha thim in vawlei aa ruang te in tuah ding/Hnawm 

pawl kha thiang te in tuah. A linh tuk nak (or) Ruah tam tuk nak ah na tuah a si ah cun thingkung 

tang / thladem tang na tuah khawh ah cun a tha bik mi asi. Na tuah nak ding kha a ro tuk ah cun 

ti tawih piak . 

1. Na khon mi hramh/ thinghnah hring le a ro mi pawl kha 6” tluk chah in pon piak law ti tawih 

piak. Cuhnuah thung /vutcam pawl a um ah cun mah cung ah khan a pan te in phulh piak. 

2. Na khon mi saram ek pawl kha 2” tluk chah in a cung ah khan chiah piak in ti tawih piak. 

3. Mah hun cun dot khat hnu dot khat na chiah khawh chung in chiah piak. 

4. A cung bik saram ek cung ah top soil vawlei 3” tluk chah in chia. Cuhnuah ti tawih law plastic 

(or) Banhla hnah in khuh piak. Thla khat voi khat a cung tang leh piak. Thla 3 in Thla 5 

hrawng a rauh ah hman khawh si ko. 

Kokek Non kan hman ding zat pawl: 

• A tlang pi in arce 1 ah 3-20 ip tluk an hman tawn 

• Pe 1 tluk kha cawhnuk bu 2 in bu 4 tluk kan hmang kho 

• (4-12 Pe) a sau mi thlaici cinnak khang ah khan 0.5 in 1 ip hrawng a hau lai 

• (40-30 pe) a si mi inn dum cin thlak cin nak caah 6-12 ip hrawng a hau 

Chin chiahnak: 

• Ei awk i atha lo mi thing thei pawl, fungvei ko pawl kha naam in 2-3” hrawng in tan piak law 

hman khawh a si. 

• Vawlei thap khat hnu thap khat cung chiah mi saram ek cung ah khan, acung lei ah vawlei 

chap chih kha a tha ko nain vawlei lak hi a har ngai. 

• Nang mah na dum na thianh mi a hram na thlawh mi hramh le thingthei ei bang pawl kha 

pawn piak law kokek non pawl a dang te in tuah hau ti lo in na dum chung in fawi te in na 

ngah khawh lai. 

• Hramh/thinghnah ro le hring hnah pawl cawh in tuah mi nih a thut a fawi ter. 

• Plastic/cianciangiah pawl telh lo bak in na tuah lai. 

II.6. (b) Vawlei vurh ning cang (Mulching) 

Mulching kan ti mi cu thlai kung pawl a than nak ding/ngandam te in le theitlai a that nak ding 

caah vawlei kha thil pakhat khat in kan khuh piak nak asi. Mulching cu hramh thu/hrmah/ 

thingthei a tiltawt in kan khuh piak (Organic Mulching) le Plastic/kettthu/tadinca pawl in khuh 

piak (Inorganic Mulching) ti in phun 2 a um. Cutikah mah le ei khim ti sik an hnah cin nak dum 

caah hramh thu /hramh /thingthei tiltawt pawl in khuh piak nak thawng in tuah a fawi I vawlei 

a rawk nak kha a khamh kho mi thahnak phun khat a si. Mah bantuk Mulching tuahnak thawng 

in; 

1. Vawlei adaam mi kha a khamh khawh 

2. Cintlak ti a herh mi zat a tlawm ter deuh 

3. Belh/hramh keuh zong a tlawm ter 

4. Vawlei cimh a zor ter 

16

Tuahning cang: 

Nangmah na hmun te ah fawi te in ngah khawh mi belh /hramh/ thingthei tiltawt pawl si mi 

thinghnah ro pawl/fungvawi kung/facangzi/UNDP hramh/tlangsam hnah/thingah dip/chi kung 

/rawl til tawt pawl, kha 1-2” thluk kha naam in thianh piak in thlaicin nak khang pawl ah 2-3” 

tluk chah in phah piak in hmanh khawh a si. Zei bantuk belh /hramh poh hman khawh nain a 

thut fawi mi kung / a kung a keu than kho mi kung pawl le a ci a tam mi belh kung pawl kha hman 

lo ding. Asi khawh ah cun pe phun bantuk a si mi Faihrem, Zawngtah hnah, Japan zawngtah, 

Tarpa tilhmul mah pawl kha hman nak thawng in vawlei a that ter leng ah a thut zawng a fawi. 

Cinthlak pawl kan lak dih hnu siloah vawlei khuh mi kung pawl a thut dih hnu ah a cung tang 

kha tuhmui/taanpawng in cawh piak ahcun a hnu ah tisikanhnah pawl athar in cin than tik ah 

vawlei I a herh mi dat a tluk te in a um ter. 

II.6. (c) Cangcel zuat ning cang 

Cangcel zuat nak thawng in a nawn hang le nawn kan ngah kho. A nawn hang ti mi cu cangcel 

nih an zun mi kha asi. Cu hang cu thei kung caah atha i kokek nawn zong ah hman khawh asi. 

Cangcel nawn ti mi cu nawn a tuah kho tu cangel pawl kha cinthlak kung hlei vuang, thing hnah, 

hram, lei kuang in a chuak mi pawl kha rawl caah an hman i cangcel nih an ei cia mi an chuah 

than mi kha thei kung caah a herh mi organic nawn in an hman khawh than. Cangcel zuat hi arr 

caah sadat hmuh khawhnak a tha ngai mi pakhat a si. Cangcel nih hin cinthlak caah a tha ngai 

mi rawl an chuah lengah vawlei an sersiam/thatter i cu caah cun cangcel zuat hi inn dum caah 

a tha ngai ngai. 

A herhmi thilri pawl: 

• Baltin asilo ah cun chiti pung (ngeih mi te pung le baltin poh hman khawh a si) 

• Ti pep le ti merh (ti pep lawng na ngeih zawng ah a pawi lo). 

• Lung 

• Hnah car/hramh car asiloah cun facang zi 

• Caw ek le vawlei thami 

• Ti 

• Banhla/banluang kung, beida kung riam mi. 

• Cangcel 100 hrawng 

A ser ningcang a chang chang in: 

• Cangcel nawn hang na khawn duh a si ah cun pung tawne ah khan cangcel nawn hang 

khawnmi chuahnak caah ti pep le ti merh na bunh hmasa lai, ti merh khan na awng peng lai 

• (ti merh na ngeih loh zawngah a pawi lo). 

• Na pung kha na ser dih a si ah cun, a hmasa cem ah pung tawne ah khan lung/te kep na 

• chiah lai. (lung/lungte kep na chiah mi kha cangcel nawn hang a dil nak caa a si). 

• Lung na chiah dih hnu ah hnah car/hramh car/facang zi kha a thormi zetnak caah na phah 

than lai. Caw ek, vawlei le cangcel rawl kha a tawne ah tla hlah seh tihnak caah chiah mi a 

• si caah tam deuh na phah lai. 

• Cun hramh car na chiah mi cungah khan vawlei a tha mi na phulh/chiah than lai. 

• Cun caw ek car na phulh/phah than lai. 

• Caw ek na chiah mi cungah khan cangcel rawl caah banhla kung, banluang kung, beida kha 

na riam piak la I na chiah lai. 

• Cun tha te a cin nak hnga in ti na tawih lai 

• Cin te in ti na tawih dih hnuah cangcel nganmi 50 hrawng na chiah lai.(cangcel tamdeuh na 

chiah khawh ah cun a tha). 

17

Fig 1; Pung a par tan piak hnu pipe bunh 

Fig 2; Pung tang lei ah lung denh piak ding 

Fig 3; Hnah car rawn paik ding 

Fig 4; Vawlei tha mi lehmah (3) rawn piak ding 

Fig 5; Caw ek lehmah (3) chah hrawng ah ti toi 

piak ding 

Fig 6; A cung bik ah a rawl cawh piak ding 

• Cangcel zuatnak pung kha naidem umnak le ni a hmuh lo deuhnak ah na chiah lai. 

• Cangcel zuatnak kha a ro/car loh nak ding caah ni fa tein ti tlawmpal te te a cin tawk te in 

na tawih piak peng lai. 

• Zarh hnih ah vawikhat hrawng banluang/banhla kung riammi, beida kung riammi, tisik 

anhnah pawl na pe lai. 

• Rawl a al mi, a thur mi, a thak mi, khachuan rang ti ban tuk pawl na pe lai lo. 

18

Hman Ningcang: Arr rawl caah 

Na cangcel zuatmi kha an vun karh pah cang na ti ah cun arr kha pek khawh a si cang. Mah 

thiamning le siarem ning te khan lak khawh a si. (a zuatnak na ser lio ah cangcel na chiah mi a 

tam ah cun a karh zawng a rang lai, an rawl a dih a ran le ran lo zoh zawng in an karh le karh loh 

theih khawh a si). 

Cangcel nawn hang caah 

A nawn hang na lak/hman duh a si ah cun: 

• Cangcel nawn hang rak chuahnak pep kha na awn peng lai i a tang ah khan a hang khawnnak 

na chiah lai. 

• Na ser ka in thlakhat tiang ti i khawn mi kha cu nawn caah na hmang rih lai lo. Asinain a 

hang kha cu na khawn lai I thlakhat a tlin hnu ah pung ah khan na tawih than lai. 

• Thlakhat hnu ah asilo le a hang kha a sen nak yawng a vun si hnu ah ‘cangcel nawn hang’ na 

khawn mi kha cu cinthlak pek khawh a si cang. A hram I tawih le a hnah i toih kha a ngah. (a 

kah in an kah deuh). Cangcel nawn hang bu khat ah ti bu 10 cawh khawh a si, 1:10. 

Fig 7; Cangcel nawna 

Fig 8; Cangcel nawn hang 

Nawn caah 

Nawn (compost) caah cun thla 3 a vun si in hman khawh a si. Cang cel kha arr rawl caa ah na 

khawn duh a si ah cun, ti tawih kha na ngawl lai i cangcel kha a tang ah an vun tum lai. 

19

II.6. ( d ) A chang chang in cin ning cang 

A chang chang (Thlen in) cin kan ti mi cu tisikanhnah pawl kha khua caan ning in kan cin nak 

khang ah khan a chang chang in thlen in cin piak kha asi. Mahbantuk kan cin nak thanwg in 

zawt nak / rungrul kha a khamh kawh leng ah kan cin nak khang i non pawl zawng kha a that 

ter.Tahchunnakah –Chin Ram Hakha chung khua te/Inn dum a cheu khat ah cun Khachuan/Piat 

bantuk in thingthei pawl thlen in cin a um lo caah kum 3-4 a rauh tik ah theitlai a chuah ning a 

tlawm deuh/zawt nak atlak fawi. Mahbantuk a si lo nak ding ah tisikanhnah pawl kha a tang lei 

kan langh ter mi ban tuk in : 

1. Pe phun a si mi pawl. 

2. Aba ei mi phun pawl. 

3. A thei ei asi mi phun pawl. 

4. A hnah le a par ei phun a si mi pawl tiin Inn dum ah ah kum fa te thlen in kan cin khawh ah 

cun theitlai pawl kha a atha deuh hrim hrim ko lai. 

A hlei in pe phun a si mi pawl cu a hram nih khan thli chung ah Nitrogen an dawp i vawlei kha 

a that ter khawh caah a tu bantuk in thlaici thlen(a chang chang) kan cin nak thawng in vawlei 

dat a buak tlak ter i a dang cinthlak zong a that terchinh. 

20

II.Dal (7) nak : Zawt Nak Rungrul Khamh ning 

Cang 

Inn dum cinmi caah um rungrul kha kut in char i thah ding.Mei van piak ding.Cin thlak dan in 

khamh ding,(lo cin caan dinh ter ding, thei hang cin hmun thleng ding,thlai cii tha mi kha hman 

piak ding,cin thlak caan thlen ding,nun nak nei mi rungrul hmang in khamh ding,si kah nak in 

khamh ding,mah ti tuah piak ah cun khamh khawh asi.Inn dum tuah tik ah a fawi bik in khamh 

khawh mi ci riam tan ei hmang mi rungrul pawl pelep,khau bok,lung sil pawl kha kut in thah 

piak in khamh khawh asi.Inn dum thei kung caah asi khawh chung in ngan dam nak he a tlak 

mi thei kung ngah khawh nak ding ah cun kokek rungrul thah nak le buar thah nak si kha hman 

piak ding. Tlang cung cin khawh nak caah fawi tein ngah khawh mi rungrul thah nak le buar 

thah nak sii tuah ning cang kha kan vun langh ter. 

II.7. (a) Rungrul le Zawt nak thlak mi hmel 

chunhnak thlei dan ning cang 

Ciin thla tu pawl cu rungrul thah nak an hman ko nain rungrul ruang ah dum rawh nak,zawt nak 

ruang ah rawhrak nak ti mi kong kha tha tein thlei dannak an tuah kho lo ruang ah kan hman mi 

sii hi a tha rua lo tiah kan ruah, a si lo ah kan hman mi sii kan i phalh,a sawh sawh in tang ka dih 

kha kan ton tawn mi asi.A cheu khat nih cun rungrul a tla mi kung kha ,zawt nak ca i hman mi sii 

kan kah hi phalh nak ngai asi.Cu caah a tang lei rungrul le zawt nak ruang ah a si mi pawl kha a 

tawi fiang nak in kan vun langh ter .A si nain a cheu khat zawt nak cu rungrul nih zawtnak a 

chonh khawh ruang ah rungrul thah nak si kha hman piak a hau. 

21

Thing kung Zawt nak le Rungrul thlei dan ning 

Rungrul nih thing kung an ei ah cun 

• Thlai kheu cung ah rungrul hmuh chih khawh asi. 

• A zun/ek ruang ah thlai kheu a rong adang. 

• A hram an ei ah cun a kung/a hnah pawl rang ngai in an car. 

• A thei an ei ah cun an ei nak a kua/pem lak in an ei. 

Thingkung ah zawt nak a tlak ah cun 

• Zawt nak an tlak ah cun thing kung I chunglei (physiology) an rawk I thing kung pawl a um 

ton ning si lo in adang ngai in an um. 

• Thing kung I zawt nak um nak a hnah/a dong/a par tbt…. pawl ah an car. 

• An than ning kel si lo in phun dang ngai in an thang. 

• Thingkung i tissue pawl an thi. 

Thing kung zawt nak le rungrul cu an I lawh lo caah rungrul thah nak sii pawl zawt nak ah kan 

hman si lo ah zawt nak khamh nak si kha rungrul ah hman piak ah cun an thawn nak kha san 

tlai lo ah a cang. 

1. ”Caterpillars of a Large White Butterfly” by MattX27 is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 4. 2. ”Elephant hawk moth caterpillar” by Marie Hale is licensed 

under CC BY 2.0 3. ”Destruction” by bennettscience is licensed under CC BY 2.0 4.”Black rot of cabbage” by Plant pests and diseases is licensed under 

CC PDM 1.0 5. ”Tomato: Wilt” by Plant pests and diseases is licensed under CC PDM 1.0 6. ”Foliar mosaic: Virus infection” by Plant pests and diseases 

is licensed under CC PDM 1.0 

22

II.7. (b) Cin thlak hrawk tu rungrul an nun caan 

theihnak 

Kan dum a hrawk tu rungrul pawl nun dan hi a thei mi kan tlawm ngai te. An nun ning cang kan 

thei asi ah cun a hlan kan tein i ralring nak ngei khawh nak ding ah rungrul pawl nung ning cang 

kan vun langh ter nak hi asi. 

Rungrul than ning (Insect life cycle) 

A tling mi than ning 

A tling lo mi than ning 

A pi 

A no lio 

A tii 

A tii 

Palep than ning 

Pupa 

Cawngngon 

A pi 

Cawngngong (larva) caan lawng ah 

thei/ah hnah an ei 

A no lio le a pi si lio can ah thei/ah hnah 

an ei 

Ti sik an hnah a ei ve tawn I a tling mi than 

ning in a thang ve mi 

Ti sik an hnah a ei ve tawn I a tling lo mi 

than ning in a thang ve mi 

”beetle 003” by Fuduy is licensed under CC BY 2.0. / ”Fly” by Sander van der Wel is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. / ”Dead Moth” by davepaku is licensed 

under CC BY-SA 2.0. / ”Common Green Shieldbug” by chaz jackson is licensed under CC BY 2.0. / ”grass hopper” by angelbenutzer is licensed under CC 

BY-SA 2.0. / Alton N. Sparks, Jr., University of Georgia, Bugwood.org 

23

II.7. (c) Chin ram Hakha ah a tlak bik mi hrawk 

tu rungrul le zawt nak kong 

Chin ram Hakha peng ah a tlak tam bik rungrul zawt nak kan ti tik ah a bia pi in inn dum ah kan 

hmuh mi rungrul zawt nak pawl kha kan langh ter mi asi. Hi kutken cauk ah kan langh ter lo mi 

rungrul zawt nak tam pi a um kho mi asi. 

Sr. Zawt Nak Pung A zawtnak hmel chuhnak Zawtnak an nun can 

1 

An tam ah a tam bik a tla / 

coffee dum zawng ti nih ciah 

mi zawt nak asi i a pum in a 

ngerh mi ban tuk in hmuh 

khawh asi. 

karlak(life cycle) 

Thlai ci le cin tlak lak 

hnu i a tang mi in a karh 

/a daam i a lum tung mi 

ni khua ah zawt nak tam 

deuh a tla. 

A dum dek zawt nak 

2 

An tam ah a tam bik a tla / 

coffee dum zawng ti nih ciah 

mi zawt nak asi i a pum in a 

ngerh mi ban tuk in hmuh 

khawh asi. 

Thlai ci le cin tlak lak 

hnu i a tang mi in a karh 

/a daam i a lum tung mi 

ni khua ah zawt nak tam 

deuh a tla. 

Dum thut zawt nak 

3 

A hnah chung ah a rang 

zawng a dek mi tam pi hmuh 

khawh asi. 

Khua sik ah cun tam deuh 

a tla, thlai cii zawt nak asi. 

Ruah ti le ti in a karh. 

4 

An tam rang dek zawng zawt 

nak 

Piat zawt nak 

Piat hnah cung ah bonbok 

zawng (khayan zawng) a 

kulh tein hmuh khawh si. 

Cinthlak a hma zawn in a 

kiak kho. A zual ah cun na 

dum ning tein a karh lai. 

Vawlei in a sem mi zawk 

nak asi i thli le ti zong in 

zawt nak a karh kho. Thei 

hang cin ning thlen ding, 

ti nih a phum lo ding in i 

ralrin ding. 

2. ”Black rot of cabbage” by The NYSIPM Image Gallery is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 

24

5 

Fung voi hnah car zawt nak 

A hnah cu ti nih a ciah mi 

zawt nak asi i a hnu ah cun 

ca pawl ban tuk zawng ah 

a thleng lai. A zual ah cun a 

hnah lawng si lo in a hnah a 

tuam tu zong ah a tla kho 

Ruah tam tuk ruang le 

cinthlak lak hnu in a 

tang mi in zawt nak a 

karh kho. Cu zawt nak a 

tlak ah cun a tlak ti nak 

hna cinthlak lak hnu in a 

tang mi pawl kha mei in 

khang hna. 

6 

khayan chinti zawt nak 

A kung,a hnah le a thei ah ti 

nih a ciah mi zawt nak, hma 

le a hring zawng a dek mi 

hmuh asi. A thei pawl zong 

coffee zawng a kulh in a zual 

ngai in a hrawh. Zawt nak a 

tlak ah cun a caan tawi te ah 

a thei vial te an rawk tawn. 

Zawt nak asi ter tu hi thli 

in fawi tein a karh. Kan 

cin nak dum a pawng 

kam thiang tein tuah 

ding. Zawt nak nei mi 

thingkung phawi i mei 

ah khangh ding. 

7 

8 

Kha zer bacteria hnah 

car zawt nak 

A hnah cu mui sam hman lo 

ai hre dek in coffee zawng 

adek ah a thleng i a kung 

an thi kho. A hnah kam le 

a hnah kuar nak ah a hlei in 

an tla. A hnah ko tiang a nak 

zawng ah a thleng. 

A hram ah ti nih a ciah mi 

zawt nak asi a nem i a thu lai 

i a rim chia lai. A thu lai i a 

kung ai hre zawng a thleng 

lai,a uai lai,a tlu lai. 

Zawt nak si ter tu hi 

cinthlak lak hnu a tang 

mi pawl le vawlei chung 

ah an i uam kho. Ruah 

ti, rungrul le cinthlak 

a hma in a karh kho. 

Vawlei kalh ding, thei 

hang hmun thleng ding 

mah ti tuah in khamh 

khawh asi. 

Vawlei in asem mi zawt 

nak asi. Hma in zawt nak 

a lut. Dum kha khang in 

tuah ding, ti uap lo ding 

in tuah ah cun khamh 

khawh asi. 

9 

Khazer nem thut zawt nak 

Hman phek hnah deh zawt nak 

A hnah cung ah mui sam 

hman lo mi coffee duk 

zawng adek in a vun ngan i a 

lai ah a zawng a dul i a dum 

zawng in a kulh mi pawl 

hmuh khawh asi. A zual ah 

cun a hnah a car lai i a til lai. 

Thlai cii le ti in zawt nak 

a kar kho asi. Thinkung a 

than caan thla 1 le cheu 

hrawng ah zawt nak a tla 

deuh. Thlai cii tha,thlai 

cii a thiang mi kha hman 

in khamh khawh asi. 

6. ”Tomato Blight - Leaf and Flower symptoms” by CropShot is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 

25

10 

11 

Hman phek kung 

car zawt nak 

Hman phek par caan ah a 

tla khun mi asi. A par uai lai 

i a til lai. Thinkung par in car 

a thok i a kung dih lak in an 

car. A kung cu adum zawng 

a buar dek hmuh khawh asi. 

A hnah,a thei in a dum 

zawng a deh hmuh khawh 

asi. A hna a tang lei ah zawt 

nak atla. 

Thlai cii zawt nak si i 

cinthlak lak hnu a tang mi 

cung ah an um. Thli, ti zong 

in fawi tein a karh kho.Tha 

tein a kung, a tlang tein 

cin ding, khang in cin ding 

mah ti tuah piak ah cun 

khamh khawh asi. 

Thlai cii le cinthlak lak 

hnu a tang mi in zawt nak 

a karh kho. Thli lut le thli 

chuak that nak ding ah a 

kung tlang tein cin piak 

ding. 

Peti zawt nak 

12 

A hnah pawl ah ai hre zawng 

a kulh in a khat i a kung a 

niam, thei tlai caan a tawi 

i, a zawng a tlua deuh kha 

hmuh kho si. 

Virus ti mi zawt nak ruang 

ah a si i rungrul pawl in 

a karh. Rungrul thah in 

Khamh kho asi. 

13 

14 

Pe zawng khat lo a tial 

Thingkung uai zawt nak 

Ascochyta leaf and pod spot 

Zei ban tuk cinthlak poh ah 

thlai kheu can ah zawt nak 

tam bik a tla tawn. Thlai 

kheu a tang lei ah a kor i a 

car i a thi lai. A thih nak zawn 

ah a dum zawng hmuh 

khawh asi. 

A hnah cung ah a dum 

zawng rin mi hmuh khawh 

asi. A thei tlai zawng ah tlak 

khawh asi. 

Buar zawt nak ti mi hi 

vawlei le ti chung ah an 

i thup kho. Thli zong in a 

karh kho. A cin daam mi 

zor ter ding, ti uap lo ding 

in zoh khenh piak ding, 

zing lei lawng ah ti toih 

piak in zawt nak khamh 

khawh asi. 

Vawlei in a sem mi zawt 

nak asi i a cin can ah a tla 

kho. Thli lut le thli chuak 

that nak ding ah a kung le 

a tlang ar tlang in cin piak 

ding, zawt nak a tlak ka in 

a hnah pawl kha kan kut in 

lak i khamh khawh asi. 

14. ”File:Ascochyta.frangulina.-.lindsey.jpg” by Sarefo is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 

26

Sr. Hrawk tu rungrul min An hrawk dan Rungrul nung ning cang 

1 

Cawngngong pawl cu a hnah 

kha an ei. A hnah cung ah ai 

hre zawng a neh pawl hmuh 

khawh asi.Pan khawpi par 

kha a chung lei tiang an 

khawih i an ei. A zuan kho 

hlan caan (Pupa) pawl cu a 

hnah cung ah hmuh khawh 

asi. 

A hnah chung ah a ti kha a 

bu tein hmuh khawh asi. 

Cawngngong asi lio ah rua 

hring zawng bang tuk asi a 

pi cu afa I mei khu zawng 

nei mi tho a can hlan (Pha 

lan)asi. 

2 

(Diamond Back Moth) 

Tling tein a thang cang mi 

nih a hnah kha an ei i a hnah 

kha a kua ah a cang ter. 


cu (2-3)mm a sau i a dum 

zawng a thla ah ai hre 

zawng a rin a tel. 

3 

4 

An tam ei tu rungrul 

Kawpi hnah ei tu rungrul 

Kawpi pa lep 

Cawngngong a si lio ah a 

hnah le apar pawl kha pem 

lak in an ei. Cawngngong 

zun le ek ruang ah thinkung 

pawl a thur hnawm ter. 

Kawpi hnah (3-6) tiang an ei 

kho. 

A hnah ah seh nak hma a um 

i a hring duk zun/ek pawl 

zong kha a hanh cung ah 

hmuh khawh asi. 

Ati pawl cu a hnah tang 

lei ah a hring zawng a 

ti kha a pum tete in an tit. 

Cawngngong cu cong ban 

tuk in a um a kor i a rin a 

tel. Tling tein a thang cang 

mi cu an lu le an tang ah 

mei khu zawng in a um a 

thla cu cong ban tuk in mei 

khu a tel. 

Kuan mui sam nei i ai hre 

zawng a ti pawl cu a hnah 

tang ah pa khat te tein a 

ti an tit. Cawngngong cu 

a hring zawng si i a pum 

cung ah a dum zawng a 

deh a tel a hnah a bil i a 

zuan khawh hlun caan 

(Pupa)chung ah an um. 


cu a rang zawng pa lep an 

si i a thla ah a dum tlawm 

pal te a tel. 

1. ”Plutella xylostella (garage)” by davidshort is licensed under CC BY 2.0 3. / ”File:Koolmot zijkant Plutella xylostella op boerenkool (Curly kale).jpg” by 

Rasbak is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 2.”Flea beetle” by bramblejungle is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 4. ”Alder Flea Beetle larvae” by San Bernardino 

Nat’l Forest is licensed under CC PDM 1.0 3. ”Cabbge looper” by Plant pests and diseases is licensed under CC PDM 1.0 4. ”Cabbage White Butterfly” by 

Mamboman1 is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 

27

5 

6 

Khang lang 

A lin sat tuk can ah a tam 

deuh a tla. Thingkung i a 

dong le ano nak ah a tla 

deuh khun. A bupi in an dih 

an ei i an cii karh a rang.A 

hnah pawl ai hre ah a thleng 

i an kor. Thingkung a hram 

ah a thla a rang i afa mi 

hmuh khawh asi. 

Cawngngong nih ahnah cu 

a virh i a ei ruang ah ahnah 

cu a rang mi asi ter. Tling 

tein athang cang mi nih an 

ei ah cun a hnah cu thim virh 

mi ban tuk in a awng hmuh 

khawh asi. 

An no lio ah cun a hring 

zawng in a hring duk tiang 

a um i a pum ah khuai 

seng nih a khuh. Tling tein 

a thang cang mi cu thla a 

nei i a lu le a tang cu a dum 

zawng asi. 

A hnah tang lei ah a ti an tit. 


cu a fa i a dum zawng tho 

an si. 

Hnah virh tu rungrul 

7 

A thei e tu rungrul 

A thei a leng lei in an ei i a 

kuar mi hma pawl an can 

ter. A caan ah cun a thei 

chung tiang an ei nain 

thingthei rungrul ban tuk in 

zun/ek hmuh khawh asi lo. 

Thinkung a no lio ah a hram 

in kiah a hmang. 

A ti pawl cu a hnah tang lei 

ah a rang zawng a hmul 

ban tuk a bupi in ati an tit. 


cu chun caan ah vawlei 

chung ah an um i zaan 

caan ah an ei i an hrawh. 


cu mei khu zawng asi i a 

thla khat le khat ah ai hre 

zawng tlawm pal te a tel. 

8 

Luki nei khayanchinti 

ei tu rungrul 

Cawngngong pawl cu a 

hnah a thei a kung pawl kha 

an ei i an hrawh. A hmin rih 

lo mi thei zong a mu lang dih 

lak in an ei. 

Ati pawl cu a hnah cung ah 

pa khat tete in a ti an tit. 


cu a hring zawng si i a pia 

zawng a rin mi le a pum ah 

luki a nei. A zuan khawh 

hlan (Pupa) cu vawlei 

chung ah an tuah tawn.Kut 

in thah khawh asi. 

5. ”Infestation” by me’nthedogs is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 6. ”Leaf Miner flies” by loarie is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 / ”Kosrae-nonileafminer” 

by Plant pests and diseases is licensed under CC PDM 1.0 8. 7. ”Moth 1: Armyworm” by Dendroica cerulea is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 

”DSCN0055” by grateful420angelina is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 

28

9 

Kha zer dum ah a cin daam 

mi a tlawm tuk ah cun fak 

pi in an hrawh khawh. Kha 

zer cu hngerh te nih an ei 

ruang ah a kua dih tawn.A 

biapi in thlai cii zun caan 

ah a tam bik a tla tawn. 

Hngerh te phun tam 

pi an um nain a fa i a 

sen zawng nih a tam 

bik a tlak i an hrawh. 

10 

Hngerh te 

A thei a mi no kha an dop 

I an ei ruang ah mui sam 

hman lo mi thingthei le 

thing thling a chuak kha 

hmuh khawh asi. A thei 

tlai that lo le a caan zat 

hlan ah a thei a til tawn. 

A ti pawl kha a thei cung 

ah pa khat tete in a ti a 

tit i a mu chung tiang a 

hlanh. Cawngngong cu a 

rang nawn mi an si. A zuan 

khawh hlan caan(Pupa) 

cu vawlei chung ah a tuah. 

Thing thei ei tu tho 

II.7. (d) Hman phek,Ai thing,Kha chuan rang in 

rungrul thah nak sii tuah ning 

A herh mi thil ri 

Kha chuan rang 

Zi nan 

Hman phek hring 

Ai thing 

Cha piat dip 

Ti 

- kiap 3( A za fang ba 3) 

- keu 2 

- kiap 1.5(pum 15) 

- kiap 15(Ai thing a fa mi 1) 

- keu 1 

- litre 3 

Tuah ning le hmang ning 

1. Kha chuan kha cip tein phomh i zi nan hen cawh i zan khat ciah ding. 

2. Hman phek le ai thing zong cip tein phomh ding. 

3. Ti litre 3 pung ah cha piat dip he cawh dih hnu ah kha chuan rang, hman phek le ai thing 

cawh mi kha rawn than i minute 15 ciah ding. Cu dih cun a hang pawl kha ti zet nak/thil sah 

in dip paik i, sii hang le ti 1: 1 cawh than i rungrul nih a tlak nak kha toih piak ding. Rungrul 

a tlak tam tuk ah cun mah sii hang kha kah khawh asi. Sii hang kah dih hnu nazi 24 (ni khat) 

a rauh ah cun ti sik an hnah kha ti in thiang tein tawl than i ei khawh asi. Hnah ei tu rung rul, 

thei virk tu rungrul le lung sil pawl zong khamh khawh asi. 

Chin chiah nak 

Sii kan tawngh tik ah kut a lin tawn mi kan tawngh sual nak hnga lo kut hruk hman ding. 

Kokek nawn asi caah rungrul pawl an thih colh lo zong ah zarh khat ah voi 2- 3 kah piak ah 

cun rungrul pawl an hung tlawm deuh kha hmuh khawh asi. Sii hang kha ni 1-2 leng chiah 

lo ah a tha. (Reference - UNDP Delta Home Gardening Manual) 

9. ”D3A_7262_Red Ant on orange peel.jpg” by swh is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 10. ”MMB_3561” by mmariomm is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 

29

II.7. (e) Khuh sii hnah in sii kah mi ser ning cang 


Khuh sii hnah 

Cha piat dip 

Ti 

- kiap 25 

- keu 4-5 

- gallon 4 

Tuah ning cang 

Ti gallon 3 ah khuh sii hnah kha zaan 2 ciah piak ding.Ti lum he ciah ah cun a tha deuh. Cun 

cha piat dip 4-5 kha ti gallon 1 he tlawk lak in chuan i kan ciah mi khuh sii hnah hang he cawh i 

daih ter. Cu dih cun sii hang kha zet i rungrul tlak mi kung kha toih khawh asi. Rungrul/pelep le 

hngerh te pawl kha khamh khawh asi. 

II.7. (f) Zen le thung cawh in sii kah mi ser ning 

cang ( lime sulphur) 


Thung 

Zen 

Ti 

Ti zeh nak 

- kiap 7 

- kiap 3 

- litre 5 

Thung kiap 7 Zen kiap 3 

Ti litre 5 Mei in chuan ding 

Ti litre 5 Mei in chuan ding 

30

Lime Sulphur Tuah ning 

• Ti litre 5 kha mei in a tlawk tiang chuan ding. 

• Ti tlawk ah thung ( kiap7) le zen kiap 3 rawn I hngerh tlei in cawh ding. 

• Sii hang kha in nazi pa 1 le cheu,pa 2 tiang chuan piak ding. Minute 10 dan ah cawh piak 

ding. 

• Sii hang cu ai hre zawng a buan a rak chuak i duh sah tein ai hre in a sen ah a thleng lai. 

• A sen duk chuak tiang chuan piak ding. 

• Cu dih cun sii hang a ne tlak khawh nak ding ah zaan khat chung a chin chinh piak ding. A 

ne tlak ah cun ti zet nak si lo ah thil sah in a ti fim kha zet i hman khawhasi. Sii hang litre 2 

hrawng ngah khawh asi. 

Sii hang hman ning 

• Siii hang litre 20 tlum mi sii kah pung 1 ah myin khawng zuun keu 5 le ti a khat te in rawn i 

thing kung ah kah khawh asi. Asi lo ah litre 2 tlum mi kut tlaih sii kah nak a fami ah sii hang 

keu cheu le ti khat tein rawn i a kung cung ah kah khawh asi. A dang zei sii he hmanh cawh 

i hman lo ding. Sii hang kha akung ah i benh deuh seh ti na duh ah cun buh hang litre khat 

hrawng cawh i kah khawh asi. 

• A tang mi a ne pawl kha kum sau pi asi cang mi a teng le a nge buar zawt nak a lut sual nak 

hnga lo thuh khawh asi. Sii hang kha a chin chinh i sau pi tiang fim khawh asi. 

• Sii kah dih ni 2-3 rauh hnu ah ti sik an hnah pawl kha thiang tein tawl i ei khawh asi. 

Sii hang a sen zawng a thleng 

tiang chuan ding 

Sii hang kah nak pung 1 ah 

keu 5 toih 

A hlei in ral rin ding 

• Sii hang nih a kung a kangh ter khawh caah an ti mi leng in hman lo ding. 

• Ni linh lo caan, zaan lei lawng ah toih piak ding. Hngakchia tawngh ter lo ding. 

31

II.7. (g) Doghtha buar sii ser ning cang 

Chemical buar thah nak si hi inn dum ti sik an hnah caah caan sua hman piak ding si lo. A ei tu 

caah caan sau deuh na hman ah cun ngan dam nak a that ter lo lawng si lo in pawng kam a thur 

ter. Doghtha buar thah nak sii hi a tuah a fawi mi buar thah nak sii pa khat asi. Doghth cu cin tlak 

nak sii dawr ah cawh khawh asi. 


Doghtha 

Thung(inn sak nak I hman mi thung) 

Ti 

-kiap 11 

-kiap 11 

-gallon 4 (gallon 1-ti bu 4 hen aa tluk) 

Doghtha kiap 11 Thung kiap 11 Ti gallon 4 

Tuah ning 

1. Doghtha kiap (11) kha ti gallon 3 hen plastic pung pa khat ah cawh piak ding. 

2. A dang pung ah thung kiap (11) kha ti gallon cheu in cawh ding. 

3. Cawh cia mi thung hang kha doghtha hang um nak chung ah thil sah in donh i thlet ding. 

4. A hang ah a cang dih lo mi thung kha ti gallon cheu he cawh than in doghtha hang cung ah 

thlet ding. 

5. Doghtha le thung hang pawl kha tha tein cawh i hman khawh asi. 

Doghtha hang tuah tik ah ral rin ding 

1. Sii hang cu fawi tein a ne a tlak tik ah hman hlan ah cawh than i hman ding. 

2. Vawlei le plastic pung pawl lawng kha hman piak ding.Dan/Dar thil hman lo ding. 

3. Ruah sur lio,ni linh tuk lio le thing kung nih ti a ngah lo caan hna ah hman lo ding. 

4. Na tuah dih le cang ka nazi 24 (ni khat) chung ah hman colh ding.. Mah nak tlai in na man ah 

cun zawt nak khamh nak a thawn nak a tlawm kho. 

5. Sii kah dih in ni 3 hnu ah ti sik an hnah pawl kha tawh i ti in thiang tein tawl i ei khawh asi. 

Doghtha hang hman ning cang: 

1. Sii hang in thing kung pawl kha ciap lak in toih ding. 

2. Acre(ehka) 1 caah gallon 50-100 kar hman khawh asi. 

3. Zawt nak a tlak le cang ka in hman colh ding. Ni 7 ah voi 1 toih piak ding. 

32

Ti sik An hnah cin ning cang 

Thennak (III) nak 

A tang lei i kan langh ter mi tlang sannak ah cin asi mi thlai kung 12 cu Chin ram,Hakha peng 

khua te ah i cin thla tu pawl nih an inn dum ah a cin tam bik ah cin mi asi. A cin ning cang kha 

kan vun langh ter. Aharah (Nutrition) ti mi hmuh khawh nak ding phun (4) a um.(1) A thei ei 

khawh mi phun (2)A ba ei khawh mi phun (3)A hnah/a par ei khawh mi phun (4) Pe phun pawl 

hi an si. 

III.Dal (1) Nak : Khayanchinti cing ning 

Mirang Min – Tomato 

A kung um ning zoh in phun (2) a um 

(a) Tung thunh hau lo ni 

(b) A tung bunh piak hau mi phun 

A duh mi ni khua 

-khua caan a kik pah mi a duh 

-Temperature15°C-30°C ah a tha 

-Ti lut ti chuah that nak le thatse vawlei ah a tha deuh 

Thlaici Erh Ning 

Bawng(a khang) in erh ding. Hi ban tuk tuah tuan mi cin ning le bawng in thlai cii erh piak ah 

cun thlai cii a dih mi a dan lawng si loin thingkung a that dan zong a dang deuh. Bawng tuah tik 

ah a vang 3’, vawlei a chah 6”, a sau cu mah duh zat in tuah i bawng a sau 12’ hrawng ah cawek 

dip 1 hrawng cawh ding. Caw ek kha bawng a cung lawng ah cawh loin a cung tang leh i cawh 

piak ding. Bawng kha ti tam piin toih piak ding. A si khawh ah cun bawng kha thlai cii cin hlan ni 

khat a duh ah ti toih piak ah cun atha deuh. Vawlei le ni khua he a tlak mi a chuah tha mi thlai cii 

pawl kha thim i cin piak ding. Cun bawng ah 4” kar hlat in a tlang rin piak in tlaicii lehmah cheu 

hlat in cin ding. Ca pawl si lo ah favai in pan tein khuh piak ding. Thlai a keuh tik ah cun kan 

khuh mi kha tawn piak than ding. Lai tlang cu ruah ti a tam, ni a linh tuk ruang le khua sik caan 

ah dap ti a tam tuk ruang thlai kheu pawl an rawk kho. Cu caah erh nak hmun kha a si khawh 

nak in ban hla hnah le plastic in a san 5’ hrawng in khuh piak ding. 

Fig (1); Bawng in a nge tein cin 

piak ding 

Fig (2); A khuh tuah paik ding 

33

Ni khat voi khat zing ka ah ti toih ding. A hnah pa 2 a chuah ah thial i, hnah dik pa 5 a chuah tik 

ah a hmun mi cin nak ah thial ding. 

Fig (3); Plastic in thlai erh ning 

Thial Ning le Zoh Khen Ning 

Cin nak ding vawlei kha a chah 8” tluk chah ding in tuah piak ding. A kung pe 1.5 kar le a tlang 3’ 

kar hlat in cin ding. Bawng in cin piak thawng in a kung a thawng i a thei a that deuh kha hmuh 

khawh asi. Ruah ti tam nak le a kik nak hmun ah cin ah cun plastic nak mi in khuh piak ding. 

Thlai keu pawl kha erh nak vawlei he cin nak hmun ah 2’ hlat in cin ding. A kung tlang le a khor 

hlat 3x2’ in cin ding. 

Fig (4); Bawng in cin ding 

Khayan chinti a thei pawl cu vawlei he a tongh zong ah siseh, ruah sur i vawlei nih a theh zong 

ah siseh fawi tein thut a hman caah a tung thunh i hri in tuah piak ding. A par borh a chuah le 

cang ka in a dang a teng chuak mi pawl tan piak ding. A cung lei kan langh ter mi thlai kung 

pawng ah thing hnah, ca pawl in vurh ning (Mulching) tuah piak ding. 

34

A nge(a fek) tan piak ding 

1. A hrampi kung pakhat nganh ding – A kung a chuak mi pa 1 te lawng nganh in a dang a teng 

vial te tan piak ding. 

(2)A hrampi kung pa 1 nganh – A kung 

tak pa 1 le a par borh tang i pa 1 lawng 

nganh in a dang pawl tan piak ding. 

Fig (5); A nge pa3 lawng chiah ning 

(3)A hrampi kung pa 3 nganh - A kung 

tak, par borh pa 1 nak tang le par borh 

pa 2 nak tang hna nganh in a dang pawl 

tan piak dih ding. A dang a teng thar le 

a hnah hlun pawl vial te tawh piak dih 

ding. Ni fa tein zing lei ah ti toih piak 

ding. 

Fig (6); A nge pa 2 lawng chiah ning 

Zawt nak le rungrul khamh ning 

Kayan chinti cu zawt nak fawi tein a tlak khawh caah tha deuh in zoh khenh ding. Tuan deuh 

hnah car zawt nak le tlai deuh i hnah caar (fungus) zawt nak. Buar hnah uai zawt nak le a dang 

zawt nak tlak a fawi te caah tha tein zoh khenh ding. Zawt nak um nak pawl kha tan piak, si lo 

ah phawi dih i mei in khanh dih ding. 

Fig (8); Tlai deuh I hnah car zawt 

nak a tlak ning 

Fig 8: ”tomato_late_blight_stem_collapse” by Plant pests and diseases is licensed under CC PDM 1.0 / P5010141” by Plant pests and diseases is 

licensed under CC PDM 1.0 

35

Kokek nawn pawl tam pi in hman piak ding. Chemical si (boreaux mixture,lime Sulphur) le 

Benomyl, Mencozeb pawl zong hman herh ah cun a mah le a khan ning in cawh piak i toih ding. 

A hnah ei, a thei virh tu le tho rang pawl an tlak ah rap tuah i thah, si lo ah kut in thah ding. 

Fig (9; Rungrul rang tete a tla 

Fig (10);Thei ei tu rungrul a tla 

A hmin a luan hlan ah a tlai nak a ko he tawh ding. Thiang tein tawl ding.Nai dem ah ti ro dih lak 

in thli chem ter hnu ah a fek mi kuang in zuar nak hmun ah kuat ding. Khayanchinti caan sau 

pichiah khawh nak caah sauce phun in tuah i chiah khawh asi. Khayan chinti a car in i chiah, 

jam(yoe) tuah zong in a vitamin zei hmanh tlau lo tein chiah in ei khawh asi. 

Khayan chinti zun caan le chiah ning 

A hmin a luan hlan ah a tlai nak a ko he tawh ding. Thiang tein tawl ding.Nai dem ah ti ro dih lak 

in thli chem ter hnu ah a fek mi kuang in zuar nak hmun ah kuat ding. Khayanchinti caan sau pi 

chiah khawh nak caah sauce phun in tuah i chiah khawh asi. Khayan chinti a car in i chiah, jam 

(yoe) tuah zong in a vitamin zei hmanh tlau lo tein chiah in ei khawh asi. 

Fig 11; Zun ding 

Fig 9. ”Tomato: Trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whiteflies)” by Plant pests and diseases is licensed under CC PDM 1.0 Fig 10. ”Tomato 

fruitworm earworm insect caterpillar larvae stage” by watts_photos is licensed under CC BY 2.0 

36

II. Dal (2) Nak : Hman phek Cin Ning 

Mirang min –Chilli 

A duh mi khua caan le Vawlei 

A lum nak le a kik le lum cawh nak thlai kung si i a daam i cin pah mi ni khua a duh. A buak tlak 

in temperature 21°C -26°C a tha bik. A par caan ah temperature 10°C tang a phanh ah cun a thei 

tlai a tha lo. Zei ban tuk vawlei poh ah cin khawh asi. A si nain ti uap lo nak ah cin ding. Kum 

chuak cin khawh asi ko nain lai tlang lei ah cun a tam deuh cu fur caah a tam bik an cin. 

Thlai cii Erh ning cang 

A cii in cin zong a ngah. Thlai cii erh i thial zong ah cin khawh asi. Kan cin tik ah bawng tuah in 

cin a tha. A vang 3”,vawlei 6”, a sau mah duh zah in tuah i bawng a sau 12’ hrawng cawek tun 1 

hrawng cawh piak ding. Cawek kha bawng cung ah cawh piak loin vawlei kha a cung le tang leh i 

cawh piak ding. Bawng kha ti tam pi toih piak ding. A si khawh ah cun bawng kha thlai cii cin 

hlan ni khat a duh ah ti toih piak khawh ah cun a tha deuh. Cun bawng kha 4” a tlang tuah piak 

i thlai cii pawl kha lehmah cheu hlat in cin ding. Ca pawl asi lo ah favai pa khat in pah tein khuh 

piak ding. Thlai a keu tik ah khuh mi kha lak piak than ding. Tlang sang cin mi pawl hi ruah tam 

ruang, ni linh tuk ruang le khua sik caan ah dap nih a tlak ruang ah thlai keu a rawk tawn. Cu 

caah cun fawi tein ngah kho mi ban hla hnah, plastic in a khuh a san 5’ khuh piak ding. Thlai 

keuh ni 45 hrawng a hnah 4-5 asi tik ah thial khawh asi. 

Thial Ning le zoh khen ning 

Khor le bawng in cin khawh asi. A kung le a tlang 2’x 3’ in cin piak ding.Khor in kan cin ah cun a 

kauh 6”, a thuk 8” in cawh piak i khor chung ah cawek asi lo le vok ek khor khat ah cawhnuk bu 

3 hrawng vawlei he cawh piak ding.. Khor in cin ah cun khua sik le khua lum ah a tha ko nain ti 

uap lo ding in ral rin ding. Ruah sur caan ah cun bawng in cin ding. Bawng tuah tik ah a san 8” 

hrang, a kauh 1’ le cheu a sau cu duh zah in tuah, i a kung 2’ asi ah thial khawh asi. A hmun 1.5‘ 

x 24’ ah cawek tun 1 cawh i cin khawh si. Cin colh na duh ah cun khor 1 ah thlai cii (3-4) cin i a 

kung kheuh tik ah a tha bik kung khat lawng nganh i a dang kha phawi piak ding. 

A kung zoh khen ning cang 

Thial dih in zarh 2 ah belh bawh le vawlei kalh piak ding. A teng le a nge tam pi chuah khawh nak 

ding ah a kung a zim kha 1” tan piak ding. Ruah sur caan ah khor in cin ah cun bawng tuah piak 

hrim hrim ding. Chung khar inn dum ah cin ah cun ar, vok nih a hrawh nak hnga lo kan ngei mi 

salaeih pawl hmang in ral rin nak tuah khawh asi. 

Hman phek zun caan 

Hman phek a nun caan a buak tlak in thlai ciii nih a neih i thla 3 in kum 3 tiang chiah khawhasi. 

Lai thlai kheu hi sau a nungko nain tlawm te lawng a chuak. A cii kum 2-3 tiang kan chiah lai nan 

ti ah cun khua lum caan ah ti toih piak ding, ruah sur a thawh ka ah a caar mi a nge teng kha tan 

piak ah cun a kung a tha lai i a thei a tha lai. A thei zun tik ah a par a tilh sual nak hnga lo ral ring 

te in a hmin cang mi a thei lawng zun ding. Zuar ding in na duh si ah cun ti tlawk lak ah hman 

phek a hmin cang mi kha minute 15 chumh hnu ah caar ding. Ti lum in ciah ah cun a thei caar a 

dawh, buar zawt nak a khamh, a caar a fawi, thut lo in a khamh khawh. Thlai cii lak ding ah cun 

a kung cung ah a hmin tiang chiah ding. A thei a tha i zawt nak a um lo mi thlai cii kha thim ding. 

Inn chung nai dem tang ah caar ter ding. Ni lin lak ah pho lo ding. 

37

III. Dal (3) : Mai Cin Ning 

Mirang min -Pumpkin 

Mai cu tlang sang hmunhma ah cin mi a si i a tam deuh cu ruah sur caan ah kan cin i caan saupi 

chiah i ei khawh asi caah an dun ngai mi thlai kung a si. A zim, a thei pawl kha meh zong ah ei 

khawh asi. A tam deuh cu April le May thla ah kan cin tawn i August – November tiang zun khawh 

asi. 

A duh mi khua caan ti le vawlei 

Mai cu a kik pah mi ni khua a duh i temperature 18°C-27°C ah a tha bik. Zei vawlei poh ah cin 

khawh asi nain thatse vawlei cin ah a tha bik. 

Cin Ning 

Thlai cii erh i cin khawh zong a si erh loin cin khawh zong asi. A buak tlak in a kung tlang le a 

khor hlat 6’ x 10’ in cin khawh asi. Bawng in tuah piak i a kung hram ah nawn,vutcam cawh i cin 

piak ding. Ruah sur cu a inn khawh ko nain dap tlak cu a inn kho lo. A si khawh ah cun tung 

thunh piak i cin ah cun a thut a tlawm deuh. A kung thla 2 hrawng ah a zim tan piak ah cun a 

ruang a zam mi a tam deuh i a thei a tam deuh. Mai ah cun a pa le a nu ti in a um i a thei tha deuh 

seh ti ah cun zing lei ah a pa par kha zun i a nu par cung ah vorh ding. 

Rungrul zawt nak khamh ning 

Mai ah a tan deuh cu mai khaubok a kung no lio ah a tlai.Buar zawt nak a tla kho. Khaubok pawl 

kha kut in thah le kokek buar zawt nak thah nak sii kha hman in khamh khawh asi. 

Fig (1); Mai Khuabok 

Fig (2); Downy buar zawt nak 

Zun Can 

Mai ruang pawl kha a par hlan ah zun khawh asi ban tuk in thei kung no mi zong kha nam te in 

tan i ei khawh asi. A thei hmin mi lawh na duh ah cun a kung cung ah a hmin tiang na chiah lai i 

sau pi chiah khawh asi. 

Fig 1: ”Pumpkin Beetle” by Doug Beckers is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 Fig 2: ”Powdery Mildew Fungi on Pumpkin Leaves” by Jeff Kubina is licensed 

under CC BY-SA 2.0 

38

III. Dal (4) : Piat cing ning 

Mirang min - Onion 

Mirang min - Onion 

A duh mi khua caan le vawlei 

A kik a lum a zat mi ni khua a duh.A kung ngan caan ah 20°C - 21°C le a ba a tuah caan ah 

20°C-27°C hrawng a duh. Ni sau a herh.Chun tlung vawlei ti dah lo cu a daam mi vawlei poah 

ah cin khawh asi. Tlang cung a sannak ram ah cun a tam deuh cu October/November ah an cin. 

Thlai cii erh ning 

Piat cii cu vorh zong in siseh erh zong ah siseh cin khawh asi. Erh ding ah cun 4” - 6” a sang mi 

bawng a nge mi tuah piak i 2” tluk a hlat mi rin mi cung ah thlai cii pawl kha cin piak ding. Ti le 

vawlei he a tlak mi thlai cii tha kha thim i cin ding. Fur caan ah aba in siseh, khua sik caan ah 

piat thlai kheu zong in cin khawh si. Kan cin mi thlai cii cung ah cawek dip, favai, thatse pa khat 

khat in pan tein khuh piak ding. Bawng 3’ a kau a sau 12’ ah caw ek dip cawh piak ding. Ca pawl, 

hramh car pawl ngah khawh asi ah cun khuh piak ah cun thlai kheu a nge i a kung than a rang. 

Kan cin nak bawng cu fawi tein ngah khawh mi ban hla hnah, plastic muka hmang in a san 5’ 

hrawng cih piak ding. Thlai kheu thla 1 hrawng asi ah a tlang tein belh kha phawi piak, cun nawn 

pek ding. 

Cin nak vawlei timh tuah le cinn thlak ning 

Inn dum caah cun bawng in tuah piak ko. A san 6’ hrawng a si i bawng 3” x 24” ah cawek tun 

1 cawh piak ding. Cun thlai kheu ni 40-45 a rauh hnu, a hnah 3-4 a si ah a kung tlang le a khor 

hlat 3” x 4” in cin ding. Thlai kheu a can tuk ah cun a tlu a kiak tawn ruang ah 4” hrawng nganh 

i a dang cu tan i cin ding. A si nain hi ban tuk cin dan cu a kung ngan ter a nuar tuk caah a caan 

hman tein thial i cin piak ding. Zei ban tuk thlai kheu poh thial i cin ah cun zan lei sang ni nem 

caan ah thial i cin ding. Belh bawh piak ding, vawlei vurh piak ding, ti toih piak ding mah pawl 

kha tuah peng ding. Ti cu ti toih nak pung in toih ding, ti pipe in toih ding, ye pan zong in toih 

piak khawh asi. Piat kung ti a zat lo ah cun a hnah a zawng a hman lo i a uai caah ti toih piak 

peng a hau. Ca pawl,hramh car, pe hnah car a um ah cun vawlei khuh i cin piak khawh ah cun a 

tha bik a si i a baa chuah zong a tha deuh. Piat a par ah cun a ba a that ter lo.A chuak mi a par 

pawl kha kut in khiah ding. 

39


Piat ah cun khaubok le khang lang a caan caan ah an tla ko nain king lang piat zawt nak zong a 

tla tawn. Khua a dawm i thli a daam tuk ah cun zawt nak si ning ran ter ruang ah a hlan kan in 

buar khamh nak sii toih khawh asi. Dum kha bawng in cin piak le ti luh chuah tha ding in tuah 

ding. 

Thlai zun ning 

Piat cu a hnah in zuar duh ah cun ca tial nak khe dan tia a si hrawng ah phawi khawh asi. A ba a 

ngan mi na zun duh ah cun a hnah 15-25% hrawng a ro ah kut in phawi khawh asi. A kung ning in 

a ro hnu ah zun na duh ah cun phawi a har i a ba ah a hri ruang tam lai. Phawi mi piat kha a hnah 

tan lo in nai dem tang ah zarh khat chiah i a hram 2” tan ding. Cun thli luh chuah that nak nai 

dem tang ah a bu tein hri in tem i bah khawh zong asi, fim khawh zong asi. Thli lut lo nak chiah 

ah cun fawi tein a thu kho. 

Thlai cii chuah ning 

Piat thlai cii chuah timh ah cun a cii in cin lo in piat ba in cin ding. A ngan tuk lo a fa tuk lo piat 

ba pawl kha a kung tlang le a khor hlat 6”x1’ bawng in cin ding. A tam deuh cu November/ 

December ah an cin i April ah thlai cii chuah khawh asi. Piat kung khat ah a tha mi par borh pa 

2-3 hrawng lak i a tang mi par borh kha khiah piak ding. Cu dih cun par borh 60% hrawng a car 

ah cun tan piak i ni tlang lak ah pho i a cii lak i fim khawh asi. Par borh pawl a car tuk tiang a 

kung cung ah chiah ah cun thlai cii a til tawn. 

III. Dal (5): Kha chuan rang cin ning 

Mirang min -Garlic 

”A basket of garlic” by Englepip is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 


A lum le kik a za fang si mi khua caan a duh. A kung ngan nak ding caah a za tawk temperature 

18°C-20°C ah a tha i thlai cii kheu fawi mak caah vawlei chung temperature 22°C-23°C a herh. 

Kha chuan rang ba si nak caah temperature 5°C-10°C cu a tha bik asi. Chun tlung vawlei ti dah 

lo cu zei vawlei paoh ah tha tein cin khawh asi. Lai tlang ah cun October thla ah cin i March ah 

a ba kan lak tawn. 

40

Vawlei timh tuah nak le cin thlak ning 

Bawng a san 8”, a kauh 3’ hrawng tuah i tlang khat le tlang khat 4” hlat in kung khat le kung khat 

2” dang in cin ding. A ba a ngan i zawt nak um lo mi kha hman ding. Cin nak bawng ah nawn toih 

piak le hram vurh ding (ca pawl, hramh car khuh). Ti kha ni khat voi khat si lo ah ni 2 voi khat 

toih piak ding. Belh bawh piak le vawlei a seng tuk ah cun cawek, nawn pawl cawh piak ding. 

Kha chuan a zik kha kut in khiah piak peng kha atha. 


Rungrul a tlak a tlawm nain a caan ah khaubok le khang lang phun a tla tawn. Kha chuan (king 

lang) zawt nak hi fak ngai in a tla tawn. Khua dawm, thli a daam a tam ah cun zawt nak a rang 

tein a chuah kho. Buar thah nak sii toih cia ding. Dum kha bawng in tuah piak le ti luh chuah tha 

ding in tuah piak ding. A cung lei kan langh ter mi rungrul thah nak le buar thah nak sii hman in 

khamh khawh asi. 


A hnah a ai hre ah cun ti toih piak ti lo ding.A hram le a hnah pawl 25% hrawng tiang a ai hre ah 

cun ti ni khat ah 1-2 hrawng toih piak i kut in phawi ding. Thlai cii caah chiah duh ah cun a kung 

ning in kut sum khat hrawng rua in tah mi cung ah pho piak ding. Kan phawi cia mi a hnah kha 

a lai in tan i ni ah 1-2 hrawng pho i fim khawh asi. 

III. Dal (6) : Kha zer cin ning cang 

Mirang min -Carrot 

A duh mi khua caan le vawlei 

Kha zer cu a kik mi khua caan a duh i temperature 15°C-30°C ah a tha bik. Temperature 10°C tang 

asi ah cun aba a ngan ti lo ruang ah aba asi ka te ah mah temperature asi nak hnga lo khua caan 

le cin caan kha zoh piak a hau. Kokek nawn (aharah) ti mi le ti luh chuah tha mi vawlei ah a tha 

bik asi. Cin tiak ah (1) thlai cii kha a tlang tein phun ding, (2)thlai cii kha a kung tlang le a khor 

hlat in cin piak khawh asi. Pa (1) nak cin ning hi kan hman atam nain thlai cii a dih mi a tam 

deuh. Pa (2) nak cin ning hi thlai cii dih mi tlawn caah hman deuh asi. 

Cin ning 

Thlai cii cin hlan ah thlai cii a keuh fawi nak ding ah nazi 24(nikhat) ti in ciah ah cun a tha bik asi. 

A cii in vawlei ah cin colh ding. A cii in kan cin tik ah thatse vaawlei he 4:1 cawh i cin ah cun thlai 

cii a dih mi a tlo deuh lai. Khua caan kha zoh i kum khat chung cin khawh asi, thlai cii cin dih ah 

favai, fa cang hawng khuh i cin piak ah cun a kung keuh a rang. 

A kung zoh khenh ning le nawn pek ning: 

A kung keuh nak ding ah ni 10-15 a rau. Nitrogen nawn (or) Palay nawn kha akung fat lio ah pek 

ding. A kung keuh hnu zarh 2-3 a rauh ah belh bawh piak ding. Zarh 4-6 ah a kung a chah tuk an 

cun phawi piak ding. A khang kha vawlei vurh ding. Kha zer cu potassium dat a herh deuh caah 

a kung keuh hnu zarh 4-8 aba a ser ka te ah vutcam/potash nawn pek ding. 

41

Ti toih ning 

Ti kha a kung fat lio ah ni fa tein toih piak i aba a hung si in ti tlawm deuh in toih ding. Asi nain a 

daam mi dat a tlawn tuk ah cun aba a cheu tawn. 

A kung a chah tuk ah cun pan tein phawi ding 

A kung a chah tuk nak hnga lo a kung tlang le a khor hlat zoh piak i phawi piak ding. A kung chah 

tuk mi phawi piak cu zarh 4-6 ah tuah piak ding. A kung chah mi kan phawi piak lo ah cun a hnah 

lawng a tha lai i aba a tha lai lo. A kung chah mi kan phawi tik ah a kung in phawi zong in siseh a 

kung in tan piak zong in siseh tuah khawh asi. (1)A kung kan phawi tik ah a kung tlang le a khor 

hlat zoh piak in a tha deuh mi a kung kha chiah i a dang kung kha cu kut in phawi ding. (2) A kung 

tan tik ah vawlei hram in cerep in tan piak ding. 

Photo (1); A kung phawi I a kung chah mi pan ter 

ning 

Photo (2); Cerep in tan piak ning a kung chah mi 

pan ter 

Zawt nak khamh ning 

Kha zer cu lai tlang hmunhma ah cun zawt nak nih a tlak tlawm nain ruah tam le ti nih uap mi 

hmun ah cun a thu tawn. Bawng(a khang) in kan cin ah cun ti a uap tawn mi ralrin in khamh 

khawh asi. Khang lang phun rungrul le a kung ei tu, hngerh te a tla tawn. Hngerh te a tlak ah cun 

ti toih piak peng le vutcam phulh le vawlei chung i um mi rungrul thah nak sii in khamh khawh 

asi. 

Photo (3); Hngreh te nih Photo (4); Aba a thu Photo (5); Khanglang rungrul nih 

a tlak mi 

4. ”File:Alternaria radicina on Daucus carota.jpg” by Rasbak is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 

42


A kung nun can cu thlai cii le khua caan zoh in thla 3 le cheu in thla 5 tiang a nung kho. A ba 

pawl vawlei cung ah a hun chuak mi a si lo ah a kung a ba hram in vawlei a kah ah cun phawi i ei 

khawh si cang. A kung kan zoh khenh ning cang in aba afat ngan cu 3” -10” hrawng asi kho. Kan 

zun hlan ah a thlum mi dat a tam khawh nak ding caah ti kha voi 4-5 hrawng toih ti lo in chiah 

i, zun lai ah vuai tein voi khat ti toih piak i phawi khawh asi. Phawi piak hnu akung 2” hrawng 

nganh in tan piak hnun ah ti in na tawl hnu ah cun ei khawh asi zuar khawh zong asi cang. 

Photo (6,7); Lak khawh asi cang 

mi si ning 

Photo (6,7); Lak khawh asi cang 

mi si ning 

Photo (8); A kung tan piak 

Kha zer cu a khua caan hram thawk ah a par i a hnu deuh ah a par bor a chuak. Thlai cii lak 

duh ah cun thla 6-8 hrawng a rauh hnu ah aba ngan mi kha nganh, asi lo ah a kung phawi i ni 3 

hrawng nai nam dem ah chiah. Mah hnu cun cin than i a par tiang chiah ding. Thlai cii a awng mi 

tannak caah cun a hung chuak mi par borh chung in a ngan dam mi par borh pa thum hrawng 

tanh i a dang par borh pawl kha tan piak ding. Par borh 70% hrawng a hung car ah cun zun i thlai 

cii ah chiah khawh asi. 

Photo (9); Cin than mi 

kha zer kung 

Photo (10); Par borh pa 

khat lawng chiah ding 

Photo (11); Thlai cii chuah 

khawh si ning cang 

Thlai cii chiah ning cang 

Kha zer cu a kik mi khua caan ah zarh 1-2 tiang chiah khawh asi. A si nain plastic in chiah ah cun 

a thut fawi caah a daam mi um lo nak hmun ah chiah ding. Ni ah car ter mi in siseh a thor tuah 

nak zong in siseh saupi chiah khawh asi. 

Photo 6: ”27th July 2009” by VanessaC (EY) is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Photo 7: ”one carrot success” by McBeth is licensed under CC BY-NC- 

ND 2.0 Photo 8: ”Project 365 (Day 294)” by Sunchild57 Photography. Taking a break. is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Photo 9: ”Carrots from the 

garden” by WordRidden is licensed under CC BY 2.0 Photo 10: Peter O’Connor aka anemoneprojectors Photo 11: ”CarrotSeedHead-0163” by graibeard 

is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 

43

Ei ning cang 

Kha zer cu vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin B, Potassium, thir dat le fibre (hri hram) dat tam pi a tel 

caah mit caah a tha. Pawng kal zong a that ter, tak sa a hnin no ter, thi rang a tam ter, lungtur 

zong a hman ter. Kha zer cu a hring in tam, a hang in tuah i din, a toah, chuan le kio in ei khawh 

asi i tamh nak le sii zong ah hman khawh asi. 

Photo (12)Toah i ei ding Photo (13);Kha zer thor tuah ning Photo (14);A car in tuah ning 

III. Dal (7) : Kawpi hlum cin ning 

Mirang min - Cabbage 


Kawpi hlum cu a buak tlak in temperature 18°C -30°C ah a tha bik asi. Zei vawlei poh ah cin ngah 

ko nain, ti lut chuah tha nak cang tual le thatse vawlei ah a tha bik asi. Ti um ah cun kum khat 

chung cin khawh asi nain lai tlang ah cun May, October le November thla cin ah a tha bik. Fur 

caan caah ah cun ruah a ing kho mi thlai cii kha thim i cin piak ding. 

Fig 12. ”Cafeteria - Lunch” by BrownGuacamole is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0 Fig 13. ”đồ chua Vietnamese pickles” by Emily Barney is licensed under 

CC BY-NC 2.0. Fig 14 ”V is for Vegetable — dehydrated” by Carbon Arc is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 

44


Khua ram he a tlak mi thlai cii kha thim i cin ding. Thlai erh tik ah pankawpi rang erh ning ban 

tuk in 4” - 6” bawng kha a nge tein tuah i 2” a rin suai i thlai cii kha a ri suai nak ah hlat nawn in 

cin piak ding. Bawng a kauh 3’,a sau 12’ hrawng ah cawek tun 1 cawh piak ding. Thlai cii cin nak 

ding bawng ah fawi te kan hmuh khawh mi bang hla hnah,plastic muka 5’ hrawng tuah piak 

ding. Ni 3-5 chung ah thlai a keuh i thlai keuh thla 1 ah a hnah 3-4 a si ah cin nak hmun ah thial 

i cin ding. 

Cin nak vawlei timh lamh ning 

Ti uap lo nak,ti lut chuah that nak vawlei ah bawng a san lehmah 6 hrawng tuah piak ding. 

Vawlei remh tik ah cawek, vokek,pawl kha bawng 3’x24’ ah tun 1 cawh piak ding. Cu dih cun 

thlai cii zoh in thlai kheu ni 25-30 hrawng ah, a hnah 3-4 a si hrawng ah a kung tlang le a khor 

hlat 1.5’x1.5’ si lo ah 1.5’x2’ in cin piak khawh a asi. Zei ban tuk thlai keuh poh thial i cin ah cun 

zaanlei sang ni nem caan te ah thial i cin piak ding. Kan cin dih ni 3-5 hrawng a rauh ah a kung a 

thi mi kha cin than ding. Belh bawh, vawlei vorh kha zarh 2 voi 1 a kung nih a dorh hlan ah tuah 

piak peng ding. Ti kha ti pung in /yee pan in zing lei fa tin ti toih piak ding. A hnah a chuah ka ah 

ti tam deuh in toih piak ding. A kung a nun caan cu thlai cii nih a ngeih i thla 4-6 tiang a nung kho. 


Khua sik caan ah rungrul zawt nak a tlak a tlawm ko nain thaal ah cun khang lang phun le 

lungsil a tla duh ngai. Khua sik caan ah dap ti khamh khawh nak ding ah zing lei ah dap nih a 

tlak mi a kung kha ti toih piak ah cun a tha deuh. Thaal caan ah cun khang lang phun le rungrul/ 

pelep nih tlak mi kha ti tam pi toih piak. A chung lei langh ter ning in kokek rungrul thah nak sii 

hman piak ah cun khamh khawh asi. A kung fat lio ah zawt nak tlak a hman ruang ah asi khawh 

nak chung in zaan lei ti toih le ti uap lo ding in tuah piak ding. Lai tlang ah cun ruah sur caan i 

cinn ah cun ruah tam tuk ruang ah thing kung a hram in a thu,vawlei chung a hram zong a thu 

kho i hnah dek zawt nak zong a tla. Cu zawt nak tlak nak hnga lo ti uap lo ding, bawng in cin piak 

le a cung lei kan langh ter ban tuk in buar thah nak sii toih piak in khamh khawh asi. 


Kawpi hlum cu a cii nih a ngeih in thla 4-6 chung ah zun khawh asi. Zun tik ah namte in a hlum a 

tang lei a hnah 3 hrawng tel ding in tan piak i ei khawh zuar khawh asi. Thaal caan i zun ah cun a 

kung nganh piak i ti toih piak than ah cun a nge thar chuak than i mah a nge pawl kha ei khawh 

than asi. 

Thlai cii lak ning 

Kawpi hlum cu a thlai cii lak a har i a caan zong pek a hauh caah a dang thlai cii nak in a man fak 

deuh. Tu lio an zuar mi cu thlai cii kan cin than ah cun a chuah a tlawm i kawpi hlum chung ah a 

par tawn caah Lai lei tuah mi thlai cii tu kha chuah i a cii caah hman a tha. Thlai cii chuah duh ah 

cun thla 9-10 a rau. Fur i cin mi a kung kha thlai cii kan chuah ah cun hmai kum Febuary/March 

thla ah a ngah asi. Thlai cii chuah nak ah a hlum a ngan tuk lo a fa tuk lo mi kawpi hlum kha thim 

ding. Kan thim mi kawpi hlum kha October ah a kung ning in phawi i a kung a than ti nak hnga 

lo ni hmuh lo nak ah zarh 1-2 hrawng chiah piak ding. Cun kawpi hlum i a kam le kam ah namte 

in a muru khawn sual nak hnga lo 2’ hlat tan piak i dum ah a kung tlang le a khor hlat 2’x3’ in cin 

piak than ding. Cu dih cun ti toih belh bawh piak ah cun a kung cu ni 15 hrawng ah a thang than 

lai. A kung a nun than ah cun ti toih ti lo ding. Kan vun cin than in thla 1 hrawng ah a kam le kam 

in par borh nge a rak chuah kha hmuh khawh asi. Par borh ah khang lang phun tlak a hman caah 

a herh ah cun rungrul thah nak sii toih piak ding. A par borh in thei kuang tha seh ti kan duh ah 

45

cun a thei pa 20 hrawng a si ah par borh cung lei a zim tan piak ding. A kung tluk a hman ruang 

ah tung thunh piak ding, hri zam piak ding. A thei pawl 70% hrawng a car ah cun zun I ni tlang 

ah pho than I a cii pawl kha palang ah thli lut lo in chiah ah cun cin khawh than asi. Kawpi hlum 

thlai cii kung khat ah thlai cii cawhnuk bu (bu tan)ngah khawh asi. (2017,Chin ram D.O.A,Kawpi 

hlum thlai cii chuah ning cang) 

III. Dal (8) : An tam cing ning 

Mirang min -Mustard 

An tam cu a buak tlak in an tam rang le an tam hring ti in pa 2 than khawh asi. Lai tlang ah cun 

a pa 2 in kan cin ko nain an tam hring cu ruah tam le dap tlak kha a inn khawh deuh caah lai lei 

ah kan cin a tam deuh. A kung nun can cu a cii neih in thla 2-6 tiang a si. 

A duh mi khua caan le ti le vawlei 

A kik nak i cin mi a si ruang ah lai lei ah ti um poh ah cun kum khat chung kan cin khawh. A tam 

deuh cu ruah sur caan le khua sik caan ah cin a tam bik. An tam cu temperature 6°C-27°C chung 

ah cin khawh asi ko nain a tha bik cu 15°C-20°C ah tha bik. Thatse vawlei, chun tlung vawlei ah 

cin khawh asi. Zei vawlei poh ah cin khawh a si nain cang tual vawlei ah a tha bik. 


Khua caan he a tlak mi thlai cii kha thim i hman ding.Vorh zong in si seh ,erh zong in siseh cin 

khawh asi.A si nain erh i cin ah cun thlai cii a tlo deuh I thlai keuh zong a tha deuh.Thlai cii erh 

tik ah pan kawpi rang thlai erh ban tuk in a san 4” - 6” um mi bawng kha nge tein tuah piak i 2” 

a rin tuah piak i thlai cii pawl kha a ri ah hlat nawn in cin piak ding. Bawng a kauh 3’ a sua 12’ ah 

caw ek tun 1 hrawng cawh piak ding. Thlai kheu keuh fawi nak ding ah kan cin nak kha vawlei 

khuh lo in favai, thatse,cawekdip,thing ah dip pa khat khat in pan tein khuh piak ding. Kan erh 

nak dum caah fawi tein kan hmuh khawh mi banhla hnah le plastic muka in a san 5’ hrawng 

tuah piak i khuh ding. 

46

Cin nak hmun timh nak le thlai cii thial ning cang 

Ti uap lo nak, ti lut chuah that nak vawlei ah bawng a san 6” hrawng tuah piak ding. Vawlei remh 

tik ah cawek, vok ek kha 3’ x24’ bawng ah tun 1 cawh piak ding. Cun thlai cii nih a ngeih i thlai 

kheu ni 20-30 ah a hnah 3-5 hrawng asi ah a kung tlang le a khor hlat 8” x12” si lo ah 1’ x1.5’ in cin 

piak ding. Zei ban tuk thlai keuh poh thial i cin ah cun zaan lei ni deih hnu ah thial piak ding. Cin 

dih ni 3-5 hrawng ah a kung thi mi pawl caah cin piak than ding. Belh bawh,vawlei vorh kha zarh 

2 voi 1 a kung nih a dorh hlan ah tuah piak peng ding. Ti kha ti pung in zing fa tin toih piak le ye 

pan zong in toih khawh asi. Ti a uap nak hna lo kan cin nak kha bawng in tuah piak ding. 


Fur caah ah rungrul a tla tuk lo nain khua sik le thaal ah cun khang lang phun le lung sil a tla tuk 

tawn. Khua sik caah dap nih tlak kha ralrin ding ah zing lei ah dap tlak mi kung kha a kung ning 

in ti toih piak ah cun tlawn pal cu a rel deuh. A kung ei tu rungrul cu a kung no lio ah a tla 

tawn. Mah rungrul cu vawlei chung ah a um i zan ah a chuak i a kung pawl a ei ruang ah a kung 

vawlei vorh piak le kut in thah piak ah cun atha. Thial caan ah king lang phun le lung sil pawl 

kha ti tam pi toih piak,kut in thah piak, kan langh ter mi kokek rungrul thah nak sii kha hman 

i khamh khawh asi. Lai tlang i ruah sur caan ah cin ah cun ruah tam tuk ruang ah a hram a thu 

,vawlei chung a hram a thu,buar zawt nak,hnah car zawt nak le hnah dek zawt nak a tla tawn.Ti 

uap,ruah tam tuk ah cun a hram thut zawt nak tlak a fawi. Mah zawt nak tlak nak hna lo khua 

caan zoh i cin ding, ti uap lo ding in bawng in cin ding le a cung lei I kan langh ter mi buar zawt 

nak si toih piak in khamh khawh asi. 

Thlai Zun caan le thlai cii chuah ning 

An tam hring cu a cii nih ngeih i a kung phawi zong in siseh a hnah tawh zong in ei khawh asi. 

Thlai cii chuah ding si ah cun lai tlang khua sik caan i kan cin mi an tam kha thaal ah a cii chuah 

ah cun a tha. Thla 4-6 ngah mi an tam si ah cun a par borh chuah caan ah, a kung tluk a hman 

caah a tung thunh piak ding. A thei kuang a tha deuh seh ti na duh ah cun a par zim tan piak 

ah cun a tha deuh mi a cii ngah khawh asi. A par borh 70% hrawng a car ah cun tan piak i ni 2-3 

hrawng ni ah pho i a cii lak i thli lut lo nak palang ah fim khawh asi. An tam cu an tam thur tuah 

ah cun sau pi chiah khawh a si. 

III. Dal (9) Nak : Pan kawpi hring cin ning 

Mirang min - Broccoli. A kung nun caan ni (90 -120) asi. 

”Broccoli” by matsuyuki is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 

47


Pan kawpi cu a buak tlak temperature 18°C-22°C a tha bik asi.A kik, a daam i ni tha tein a hmu 

mi hmun hma kha a duh. Lai tlang ah cun khua sik caan le thaal caan ah a tam deuh cu kan cinn 

deuh. Zei vawlei poh ah cin ngah ko nain ti a daam mi dat tam nak le cang tual vawlei ah a tha 

deuh. September le thaal chuah ka February le March thla ah a tam bik kan cin. 


Khua caan he a tlak mi cii kha thim i cin ding. Thlai cii erh tik ah pan kawpi rang cin ban tuk in 

bawng a san 4” -6” nei mi bawng kha nge tein tuah pak i 2” a ri tuah piak i thlai cii pawl kha a ri 

chung ah hlat nawn in cin piak ding. Bawng a kauh 3’ a sau 12’ hrawng ah caw ek tun 1 cawh 

piak ding. Thlai keuh fawi nak ding ah kan cin nak a ri kha vawlei khuh lo in favai, thatse, 

cawek,thingah dip pa khat khat in pan tein khuh piak ding. Kan dum kha fawi tein hmuh khawh 

mi ban hla hnah, plastic muka a san 5’ in khuh piak ding. 

Cin nak vawlei timh le thlai cii thial ning cang 

Ti uap lo nak, ti lut chuah that nak vawlei bawng a san 6” hrawng tuah piak ding. Vawlei remh 

tik ah cawek, vok ek pawl kha 3’ x24’ bawng ah tun 1 cawh piak ding. Cun thlai cii nih a ngeih I 

thlai keuh ni 20-30 ah a hnah 3-5 hrawng a si ah a kung tlang le a khor hlat 1’ x1’ si lo ah 1’ x1.5’ 

in cin piak ding. Zei thlai kheu poh thial piak ah cun zaan lei ni deih hnu lawng ah thial piak ding. 

Kan cin dih ni 3-5 rauh ah a kung thi mi kha cin piak than ding. Belh bawh, vawlei vorh kha zarh 

2 voi 1 a par chuah hlan si lo ah a kung nih a dorh hlan ah tuah piak peng ding. Ti kha ti pung 

in zing fate toih piak ding, yee pan zong in toih piak khawh asi. Kan thial mi thlai cii nih a ngeih 

i thla 1 le cheu hrawng ah a par borh a chuak lai. A par borh a chuah ka ah ar ek, caw ek tlawm 

pal toih than ding. 


Chin ram, Hakha peng khua te pawl ah cun khua sik caan ah rungrul zawt nak a tla tlawn ko nain 

thaal caan ah cun khang lang phun le rungrul/pelep tam pi a tla tawn. Khua sik caan ah dap 

nih tlak mi kha ralrin nak ding ah zing lei ah dap nih tlak mi a kung ning tein ti toih piak ah cun 

tlawm pal te cu a rel deuh. Thaal caan ah khang lang phun le rungrul/pelep a tlak tam ruang ah 

ti tam pi toih piak le a cung lei i kan langh ter mi kokek rungrul thah nak sii hman piak ah cun 

khamh khawh asi. Lai tlang ah cun fur caan i cin ah cun ruah tam tuk ruang ah a hram a thu, 

vawlei chung hram thut, buar zawt nak le hnah dek zawt nak a tla tawn. Khua sik caan zong ah 

ti uap le ruah tam tuk ah cun a hram thut zawt nak tlak a fawi. Cu zawt nak pawl tlak sual nak 

hnga lo khua caan zoh I cin piak le, ti uap lo nak ding in bawng in cin piak le a cung lei I kan langh 

ter mi buar thah nak si kha toih piak ding. 

Photo (1);Khang lang phun a 

tlak ning 

Photo (2);Lungsil a tlak 

ning 

Photo (3);Hanh car zawt 

nak 

1. ”Broccoli plant infested with Aphids” by danielmee33 is licensed under CC BY 2.0 2. ”Caterpillar” by Darkhorse 

Winterwolf is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 3. ”Broccoli: Leaf spot” by Plant pests and diseases is licensed under CC 

PDM 1.0 

48

Zun Caan 

Pan kawpi hring cu par borh chuah i zarh 1-2 chung ah zun ding. Zun lo ah cun ni 4-5 a ruah ah 

cun a par borh pawl a rang tuk in ai hre zawng a par ah a thleng. A par borh a tlawm bik 6” -8” ah 

tan piak ding. Pan kawpi hring cu pan kawpi rang ban tuk a si lo caah a par borh pa hnih nak in 

a par a chuah than ruang ah ti toih piak, nawn pek piak ah cun a par khat nak ban tuk in ngah 

khawh than asi. A par borh 2 nak ngah duh ah cun namte in a hmasa a par kha a cei nawn tein 

tan piak i zun ah cun a hram thut kha a tha deuh. 

Fig (4);Nam te in tan ning 

Fig (5);A pahnih nak a par pawl 

Ei ning cang 

Pan kawpi hring (or) broccoli kha kio, chuan, toh zong in ei khawh asi. Vitamin A, Vitamin E, 

Vitamin (B1, B3, B6) pawl tam pi a tel. A bia pi in broccoli cu phytochemical, sulforaphane a tel 

ruang ah zawt nak zong a khamh khawh. A car zong in ei khawh asi. 

Fig (6);Toh ning 

Fig (7);Kio ning 

Fig 4: ”BroccoliRomanescoLeafSpiral-50001a” by graibeard is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 .Fig 5: ”Broccoli” by Travis S. is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 

Fig 6: ”” by mattystevenson is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Fig 7: ”Broccoli and rice” by HatM is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 

49

III. Dal (10) Nak : Pan kawpi cin ning cang 

Mirang min –Cauliflower 


Pan kawpi cu a buak tlak in temperature 18°C -23°C ah a tha bik. A kik, a daam pah nak ni tha 

tein a hmuh nak hmun hma kha a duh. Lai tlang ah cun a tam deuh cu khua sik le thaal caan ah 

kan cin tam bik. Zei vawlei poh ah cin ngah ko nain ti a daam mi dat tam nak cang tual vawlei 

ah a tha deuh. 


Khua caan he a tlak mi thlai cii kha thim i cin piak ding. Thlai erh tik ah pan kawpi hring erh ning 

ban in bawng a san 4”-6” kha a nge te in tuah piak i 2” a rin tuah piak i thlai cii kha a rin ah hlat 

nawn in cin piak ding. Bawng a kauh 3’ a sau 12’ hrawng ah cawek tun 1 hrawng cawh piak ding. 

Thlai keuh fawi nak ding ah cin nak kha vawlei khuh piak lo in favai, thatse cawek dip, pa khat 

khat in pan tein khuh piak ding. Thlai cii kan cin nak dum kha fawi tein hmuh khawh mi ban hla 

hnah, plastic muka in a san 5’ hrawng in khuh piak ding. 

Fig (1); Bawng ah a rin ning tein thlai cii cin piak 

Fig (2); A khuh tuah piak ding 

Ti uap lo nak, ti lut chuah that nak vawlei ah bawng a san 6” hrawng tuah piak ding. Vawlei 

remh tik ah cawek, vokek pawl kha bawng 3’ x24’ ah tun 1 cawh piak ding. Cun thlai cii ngeih in 

a dang i thlai keuh ni 20-30 ah a hnah 3-5 hrawng a kung tlang le a khor hlat 1’ x1.5’ (or) 1.5’ x2’ 

in cin piak ding. Zei ban tuk thlai keuh poh thial ah cun zaan lei sang ni nem lio te ah thial piak 

ding.Kan cin ni 3-5 rauh ah cun a kung thi mi pawl kha cin piak than ding. Belh bawh, vawlei 

vorh kha zarh 2 voi 1 a par borh chuah hlan ah (or) a kung khuh hlan ah tuah piak peng ding. Ti 

kha ti pung in toih piak ding, yee pan zong in toih ngah. Kan thial mi thlai keuh nih a ngeih i thla 

1 hrawng ah cun a par borh a chuak lai. A par borh chuah ka ah cun ar ek, cawek tlawm pal in 

pek piak ding. 


Khua sik caan ah rungrul zawt nak a tla tuk lo nain thaal caan ah cun khang lang phun le rungrul/ 

pelep tam pi a tla tawn. Khua sik caan ah dap ti tlak khamh khawh nak ding ah zing lei ah a kung 

ning in ti toih piak ah cun tlawn pal te a tha deuh. Thaal caan ah khang lang phun, rungrul/pelep 

a tlak ah cun ti tam pi toih piak, a cung lei i kan langh ter mi kokek rungrul thah nak sii hman I 

khamh khawh asi. Lai tlang ah fur ah kan cin ah cun ruah tam tuk ruang ah a hram a thut, vawlei 

”Double Row of Beans” by Linda on the bridge to NewWhere is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 

50

chung hram a thut zawt nak, buar zawt nak, hnah car zawt nak le hnah dek zawt nak a tla tawn. 

Khua sik caan zong ah ti a uap i, ruah tam tuk ah cun a hram thut zawt nak tlak a fawi. Cu zawt 

nak pawl tlak nak hnga lo khua caan zoh i cin ding, ti uap lo ding in bawng in cin piak ding, a 

cung lei kan langh ter mi buar zawt nak toih piak in khamh khawh asi. 

Fig (3);Lung sil tlak ning Fig (4);A hram thut zawt Fig (5);Khang lang tlak 

Thlai cii zun ning 

Thlai cii nih a ngeih i thla 3 hrawng ah zun khawh asi.A par borh a hak i a rang zawng a si dih 

caan ah par borh 5”-6”,a hnah 3-4 hrawng tel ding in namte a haar ngai mi in tan piak ding. A 

par zun hlan ah a hnah 3-4 hrawng in khuh piak than ah cun par borh ai hre zawng si nak hnga 

lo tuah piak khawh asi. 

Fig (6);A hnah in khuh piak than ning 

Fig (7); Zun ning 

Thlai cii chuah ning 

Thlai cii chuah tik ah hybrid phun cu chuah khawh an si lo.Lai thlai cii lawng chuah khawh asi. 

Thlai cii chuah cu khua sik caan ah cin mi a kung kha thlai cii caah chuah lo in thaal ah chuah 

ding. Thlai cii chuah duh ah cun (1) a ngan dam i tuan te ah par mi a par kha thim piak ding, 

(2) par borh a then i a par ah cun a ngan dam mi a borh nganh i a dang borh pawl kha cerep in 

tan piak ding, (3)Khiang thawng khuh nak thawng le rungrul zawt nak a dang dang in khawmh 

khawh asi. A cii cawh ter lo nak caah khiang thawng in khuh piak khawh asi. (4)a herh ah cun 

rungrul thah nak sii toih piak ding, (5)Par borh a sau tik ah tung thunh piak le a thei tha lo mi par 

borh kha cerep in tan piak ding, (6)a par 70% hrawng a car ah cun zun i ni 2-3 hrawng ni ah pho 

I a cii chuah I dur tha mi te ah fim khawh asi. 

3. ”Teamwork.” by Romeo66 is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 

51

Photos - MIID 

Hman ning cang 

Pan kawpi cu Vitamin A, Vitamin C,Calsium, phosphorous tam pi a tel ruang ah mit tha a tha,r 

uh zong a cang. Pan kawpi kha a hring in toh khawh asi. A phun phun in kio khawh asi. Thei ding 

mi–Pan kawpi ah cun ni 65 phun, ni 90 phun ti in tam pi a um. A si nain Chin ram, Hakha peng 

khua te ah cun ni 90 phun cii kha a tha deuh. 

III. Dal (11) Nak : Sadaw pe cing ning 

Mirang min –Snow pea, Sugar snap pea, Green pea,Garden pea 

Sadaw pe ah cun a hawng in ei mi le a mu in ei ti in then khawh asi. A hawng he ei mi cu a mu a 

fat deuh ruang ah a thei kuang in ei khawh asi. A mu in ei mi phun cu a mu a ngan deuh, a chuak 

tam i a hawng a hah ruang ah a thei kuang ei mi nak in kan cin deuh. A kung nun can cu thlai cii 

nih a ngeih i thla 3-5 tiang an nung kho. 


A kik mi khua caan kha a duh i temperature 7°C-27°C ah a tha. A par caan ah mah temperature 

nak in a tlak deuh le a tam deuh a si ah cun a thei si can nak a dawnh. Ni tha tein hmuh kha a 

duh. Lai tlang ah ti um ah cun kum khat chung cin ngah ko nain a tam deuh cu fur June thla le 

khau sik October/November thla ah kan cin tam deuh. Zei vawlei poh ah cin ngah ko nain ti lut 

chuah that nak vawlei ah a tha deuh. 

Cing ning 

Thlai cii kha cin colh a ngah ko nain thlai cii kha ni khat (24 hrs) ti ah ciah i cin ah cun a kung 

keuh a rang. A kung tlang le a khor hlat 4”x 2’ in cin piak ding. Thlai cii kha a thuh 1” in cin ding. 

Inn dum caah cun bawng in cin piak ding. Dum kan remh lio ah kokek nawn kha cawh piak ding. 

A par caan ah cun phosphorous le potassium a herh deuh caah vut cam le ar ek cawh piak ah 

cun a thei a that ter deuh. Ti kha zarh khat 2-3 toih piak khawh ah cun a tha bik asi. A par can ah 

cun ni khat voi khat toih piak ding. 

Tung thunh piak ding 

Sadaw pe hawng nei pawl kha tung thunh piak lo in neih nawn in cin piak khawh asi leng ah 

sadaw pe hawng nei pawl hi tung thunh tuah piak zong in an cin tawn. Kan cin mi a kung 6” 

hrawng asi ah a san 5’ hrawng tung asi lo ah hri in zam piak ding. Tung thunh piak i cin mi cu a 

thei chuah a tha deuh. A zam mi tam deuh seh tin na duh ah cun a kung 6” hrawng a si ah a zim 

tan piak ding. Thlai kung pawng ah hnah car, ca pawl in khuh piak ah cun a daam mi dat a um 

ter peng i a kheu mi a tlawn ter deuh. Belh bawh tik ah vawlei chung a hram hri khawn lo ding 

in i ral rin ding. 

52

Fig 1& 2 Tung thunh piak ning 

Rungral zawt nak khamh ning 

Sadaw pe cu a bia pi in a kung fat lio ah rungrul nih tlak i a vun than tik ah khang lang, a thei ei 

tu rungrul, hnah virh tu rungrul a tla tlawn. Mah rungrul pawl a tlak ah cun kut in thah piak ah a 

tha bik.Kokek rungrul thah nak sii zong hman khawh asi. A zawt nak pawl cu buar zawt nak, le 

hnah uai zawt nak a tla tawn. Zawt nak nih a tlak mi kung le lakh nu a tang mipawl kha mei in 

khangh. Cinnak a hmunhma thlen i cin ding. Zawt nak a ing kho mi a cii kha hman piak ah cun 

khamh khawh asi. Cinn caan tlai lo ding.Kokek buar thah nak si kha hman ding. 

Fig 3; Hnah uai zawt bak Fig 4; Downy buar zawt nak Fig 5; Thei ei tu rungrul 

Thlai cii zun ning 

A thei kuang in ei na duh ah cun a thei kuang no lio a kung kiah sual nak hnga lo ralrin tein zun 

ding. A thei kha zarh khat ah voi 2-3 zun piak ding. A zim pawl zong ei khawh asi. Sadaw pe a 

hawng in ei mi phun caah cun a thei kuang a hung pum i a mu a khah ah cun zun khawh asi. 

A kung a hnah a car zong ah zun khawh asi. Thlai cii caah cun a ngan dam i zawt nak um lo mi 

kung pawl kha a car tiang chia i zun i fim khawh asi. Zawt nak nei lo mi a kung le lak hnu a tang 

mi kung hlei vuang hna pawl kha ti sik an hnah dum i cin mi a kung hram ah khuh piak ah cun 

nawn dat a pek khawh. 

Fig 5: ”No” by skittledog is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 

53

III. Dal (12) : Pe ti (tung thunh piak lo mi) cing 

ning 

Mirang min - Bush type bean 

Forest & Kim Starr [CC BY 3.0 us (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/deed.en)] 


• A kik mi khua caan kha a duh i lai tlang ah ti um ah cun kum khat chung cin khawh asi. 

• Temperature 25°C-30°C ah a tha bik. 

• Zei vawlei poh ah cin ngah ko nain ti uap lo nak cang tual vawlei a duh deuh. 

• A kung nun caan cu thla 1-2 asi. 

Cin ning 

Thlai cii kha ti in ciah i cin ah cun a kung keuh a fawi nain a tam deuh cu an cin colh tawn. A kung 

tlang le a khor hlat 6” -8” le a thuk 1” in thlai cii cin piak ding. Khor khat ah mu 2-3 cin piak ding. 

Bawng in a si ah ,lai lei tuh ning in cin khawh asi. Kan cin dih ni 5 chung ah a kung a keuh kho. 

Inn dum i cin ah cun thaal caan ah ti toih piak ding. A par chuah hlan belh bawh, vawlei vurh kha 

tuah piak ding. Tung thunh lo mi phun cu a thei chuah a tlawma chan a tawi nain voi 2-3 zun hnu 

ah a thar in cin khawh than asi. 

Nawn pek ning 

Bawng in cin piak ah cun vawlei remh lio ah caw ek, vok ek,ar ek,pa khat khat 3’x24’ bawng ah 

tun 1 cawh piak ding. Pe ii a tel mi poh cu a mah a hram in thli lak i a um mi Nitrogen kha a dop 

khawh i vawlei a tha ter deuh caah vawlei remh le a par caan ah nawn tlawm pal cawh piak ti 

dah lo cu, cawh piak a hau lo. 

54


Tung thunh lo mi pe ti ah khaubok,mai momh sen, rungrul/pelep,thei virh tu rungrul a tla tawn I 

a cung lei kokek rungrul thah nak sii hman piak, kut in thah piak in khamh khawh asi. A bia pi in 

thaal ah cin ah cun khang lang a tla tawn. A zawt nak pawl cu hnah car zawt nak, ai hre zawng 

hnah dek zawt nak, cirik kai zawt nak, le hmah dek zawt nak pawl a tla tawn. Cu zawt nak kha 

khamh khawh nak ding ah thei hang hmuh thleng piak ding, zawt nak a tlak kaa te ah zawt nak 

nih a tlak mi kung kha mei in khangh piak ding, fur ah cin ah cun bawng in cin le ti uap lo ding 

in zoh khenh ding. Cu zawt nak a tlak ah cun a cung lei i kan langh ter mi doghtha buar khamh 

nak sii, zen le thung cawh mi sii in buar zawt nak khamh khawh asi. 

Zun caan le thlai cii chuah ning 

Tung thunh piak lo mi pe ti kan zun tik ah a thei kuang hmin hlan a dang a par a chuah sual nak 

hnga lo tha tein zun piak ah cun voi 3-5 tiang zun khawh asi. Thlai cii chuah duh ah cun tuah te i 

a par mi a thei kung kha thim lo in a kung cung ah a thei car tiang chiah ding. A thei kuang a car 

ah cun a mu lak i ni ah (1-2) hrawng pho piak ii a tha mi thlai cii thim i palang ah chiah piak ding. 

55

Thennak (IV) nak 

Thlai cii khonnak Buu Sersiam Ning Cang 

IV. Dal (1) : Hngalhternak/Bia Hmaithi 

Myanmar Institute for integrated Development nih kan i tinhmi pakhat cu training kutken cauk 

chuah kan i timh mi ah Inn dum tuah ning cang hi telh chih kan duh i cu hna cu Face Book le 

www.myanmaruplandsagriculture.info timi ah zoh khawh an si. 

Hi thlaicii Buu kutken cauk nih hin Hakha peng chung ah Buu sersiamnak a ngei mi hna nih 

tangka khonnak an Buu chung ah an ngeih mi in thlaicii cawk thannak caah an hman lai. An 

cawknak hmun cu sipuazi in thlaicii zuar nak dawr ah a si lai. 

Thlaicii Khonnak Buu kutken cauk ah hin a hram tawk nak ah Buu a kilh kamp tu Inn tung pa 4 

aherh ning le Buu tawl rel nak caah tang ka khonnak a herh ning kha langhter a si. 

A pahnih nak ah Hakha ah zei ban tuk thlaicii pawl dah ngah khawh a si ti mi le MIID nih thlaici a 

kheuh zaa tuak zeizat dah a si timi pawl langhter nak a si. Thlai cii a keuh a tha deuh paoh ah a 

chuak zong a tha deuh. Thlaicii kong he peh tlai in MIID nih chuahmi Inn Dum sersiam nincang 

timi kutken cauk ah Thlaicii zei maw zat a kong hna cu facebook ah zoh khawh a si. 

A dang pakhat cu Thlaicii khonnak Buu sersiam ning cang caah ruahnak cheuhnak le Tangka 

a khon mi Buu an si ban tuk in Tangka cazin cauk hna zong a dang tein kan vun tenh chih hna. 

Kutken cauk a donghnak lei kap ah zei ban tuk thlaicii pawl dah ciin awk ah kan i thim hna lai 

timi te hna, Hakha le a dang dang khua ah Thlaicii an zuarnak hmun le kan herh ning in thlai cii 

cin nak he a peh tlai mi thlaicii a kong lam pawl zong kan telh chih. 

IV. 1: a: Thlai cii Buu Sersiam ning cang 

1) Khua pakhat ah a um ti mi si lai 

2) A si fak mi chung khar in an si lai 

3) Pehtlaihnak a si lo ah i abanghnak a khat mi an si lai 

4) Meeting tuahnak ah caan a pe kho mi si lai 

5) Buu nih sersiam mi phung le lam a zul duhmi a si lai 

6) Sum ren tein tang ka khonnak a duh mi an si lai 

7) Fial chawm si lo in mah lung thawhnak he Buu chung tel a duh mi an si lai 

8) Buu tangka cawi mi kha an khiah mi ni le thla ah cham than a si lai 

56

IV.1. b: Thlai Cii khonnak buu kilh kamp tu Inn 

tung pa 4 

Thlaicii khonnak Buu hna nih in tung pa 4 kilh kamp tu caah an herh. Buu chung tel vial te 

hmun khat te ah lung rual tein rian tuan ti a herh. Inn tung pa 4 hna an zaapi tein an herh dih. 

Inn tung pa 4 tlam tling tein tuah hnu lawng ah an buu rian tuannak kha a fek. Hakha peng 

i hmuh khawhmi thlai cii an keuh ning i zaatuak in theih cang an si ban tuk in a dongh nak 

lei ah thlai cii kan herhmi khua zei in dah kan hmuh khawh hna lai timi cu kan vun langh ter. 

57

IV.Dal ( 2): Thlai cii kheuh ning hneksak ning 

cang 

Puan cung ah hneksak ning 

1. Vawlei cung ah hneksaknak tuah nak in fawi tein tuah khawh asi 

(1) Puan cung ah hneksak ning: 

Kan hneksak ding mi a cii 50-100 hrawng na thim lai. Kan hneksak ding mi a cii zoh in puan a 

kauh lehmah 6-1 in lak ding. Puan kha ti ciap lak in surh law puan cung ah na thimmi i a cii kha 

a ruang tein chia law, puan kha bil. Cun ni fate ti tlawm tein na buah lai. Thlai cii an hung keuh 

tik ah a kung khan na rel hna lai i, a tang lei ban tuk in tuak khawh asi. 

(2) Vawlei cung ah hneksak ning: 

A cung lei ban tuk in thlai cii 50-100 hrawng na thim lai. Cun vawlei kha fingrilh in na rilh lai i sai 

lawn (sei) chung ah 3” hrawng chah tiang na rawn lai. Cun na thim mi thlai cii kha a ruang tein 

na chiah lai i tin na toih lai. Ni fate ti tlawm pal in na toih peng lai. 

Tah chunhnak ah khayanchinti cii 50 kha na hneksak i kung 40 a kheuh ah cun. 

A tuak ning cang: 

A kung kheuh zaa tuak% = A kung kheu mi x100 

Thlai cii hman mi azat 

= 40 x 100 

50 

= 80 % 

A phi cu 80% a kheu.Hi ban tuk in a dang thlai cii pawl a kheuh zat zaatuak cu hneksak i tuak 

khawh asi. 

A cii kheuh zaatuak hneksak nak in hmuh khawh mi 

A tang lei kan langhter mi thlai cii hna hi, MIID nih a cii kheuh zaatuak kan hneksak hnu ah kan 

hmuh khawh mi hna an si. Kan hneksak mi hi a cii kheuh ning zaatuak lawng hneksak mi asi 

caah a chuah (yield) cu a thleng kho. A si nain a tang lei hmanthak i kan langhter mi hna hi 

thlai cii kheu zaatuak a thami an cin caah, Hakha peng zong ah a chuah a tha ngai hi kan hmuh 

khawh. 

58

IV. Dal (3) Thlai cii zuarnak he peh tlaih nak 

Type of Seed A Min A kheu mi % 

Kaw pi Hlum ဂေါ် ဖီထုတ် - သရဖူ 64% 

Kaw pi Hlum ဂေါ် ဖီထုတ် - 

လေယာဉ် Grand 11 

56% 

Kaw pi Hlum ဂေါ် ဖီထုတ် - 

လေယာဉ် 004 

20% 

Pan Kaw Pi A rang 

ပန်းဂေါ် ဖီအဖြူ 

- မျှားနီ 008 

90% 

Pan Kaw Pi A rang 

ပန်းဂေါ် ဖီအဖြူ 

- ဆင်တံဆိပ် 

၆၅ ရက်မျုးိ 

80% 

Pan Kaw Pi A rang ပန်းဂေါ် ဖီအဖြူ - 

လေယာဉ် 003 

65% 

59


Pan Kaw Pi A Rhing ပန်းဂေါ် ဖီစိမ်း - 

နယူးဂရင်း No. 1 

32% 

Pan Kaw Pi A Rhing ပန်းဂေါ် ဖီစိမ်း - 333 12% 

Sawn pi ပဲတောင့်ရှည် - ၂၀၀g 

တရုတ်မျုးိ 

60% 

Sawn pi ပဲတောင့်ရှည် - ၂၀၀g 

တရုတ်မျုးိ 

60% 

Kha Zer မုံလာဥနီ - မျှားနီ 1 

kg ထုတ် 

65% 

Kha Zer မုံလာဥနီ - မျှားနီ 

အထုတ်သေး 

45% 

Kha Zer မုံလာဥနီ - ပံ Pokka 0% 

60


Kha Yan chin ti 

ခရမ်းချဉ် - လေယာဉ် 

387 

90% 


ခရမ်းချဉ် - ပံ Trible 

- 1 

60% 


ခရမ်းချဉ်မျှားနီ Royal 

642 

75% 

Kha Yan chin ti ခရမ်းချဉ် - SB 375 45% 

Buu ti 

ဘူးသီး - မျှားနီ 

Anmol 

40% 

Buu ti ဘူးသီး - Nano 022 0% 

Buu ti ဘူးသီး - ကမ္ဘာလုံး 0% 

61

IV. Dal (4) nak; Mandalay-Hakha-Kalay thlai 

cii zuarnak hmun 

Mandalay Thlai Ci Dawr 

Myay Lat Yar Zar ( 1 ) 

Diamond Enterprise 

Doe Taung Thu 

Gyo Doe 

Pwint Lan Myay Lat Yar Zer ( 2) 

62

Kalay Thlai Ci Dawr 

Pann Cherry 

Shwe layer 

Mandalay Car Gate 

Kyaw Zay Ya 

Hakha Mann 

Kalay Car Gate 

Taung Za Lat 

Aye Chan 

63

IV. Dal (5) Nak; Phu caah sermi zulh awk phung 

phai 

Seed Bank Chung Tel Zulh ding Phung le Lam 

1. SBG ah luh aduh mi pauh nih Buu luh man Ks------pek asi lai, Inn khat ah pakhat lawng luh 

ding 

2. SBG cu thla khat ah atlawm bik voi khat Meeting tuah ding. 

3. SBG chung tel asi mi pauh nih thlakhat ah atlawm bik Ks-----, khon ding. 

4. Buu nih ngeh mi tangka cu kan cawi tik ah 100/ ah akarh Ks ----pek ding. 

5. Cawi mi phai sa cuthla____chung ah cham dih ding 

6. Akarh cu thla fa te in pek asi lai. 

7. Buu chung in achuah ah cun akhon mi phaisa lawng chuah piak asi lai. 

8. Buu in achuah tik ahacawi mi phai sac ham ding ataan ah cunakhon mi phai sac hung in zuh 

asi lai I azat lo ah cun abeet chap lai. 

9. Buu chung tel asi lo mi phai sa coih loding. 

10. Buu chung tel asi lo mi ca ah buu ngeih mi phai sa cawi piak lo ding. 

11. Phaisa cawi tik ah Thlaici cawk nak le duum tuah nak caah acawi mi kha pa pek asi lai. 

12. Cawi mi phaisa acham dih masat lo ah cun phaisa coih than asi lai lo. 

13. Caa zin tlai le thang ka tlai cu Kum( ) ah voi khat thlen ding. 

14. Meeting can ah theih ter nak um lo inabau ah cun(Ks ) liam si she. 

15. Khonh hal lo in Meeting voi( ) abau ah cun buu ih chuah asi lai. 

16. Buu rian tuan nak he peh tlai inlung tlin lo nak aum ah cun Buu chung lawng ah chim le caih 

asi lai. 

Record tuahnak cai hruaitu cauk 

SBG minute book cu Meeting hna tlak nak, Bia chah nak vial te le Tang ka lut chuak ca zin vial 

te cu meeting chung ah tial dih le khumh dih asi. Cu ca ah SBG caan sau pi ahmunh nak ding le 

pakhat le khat i zumh khawh nak ding ca ah meeting ca uk cu abia pi tuk mi asi. Tang ka tlai le 

Ca zin tlai hi Buu chung tel dih lak hna tlak nak inthim mi an si i cazin tlai nih meeting caih chah 

mi vial te le Tang kaa lut chuak vial te cu meeting chung ah akhumh dih hnu ah Buuchung tel 

dih lak kha athanh hna. Cu dih hnu ah Tang ka taang mi cu zaapi hmai ah Tang kakeng tu an pek 

i min an thut dih. 

Ruahnak cheuhmi 

Thlaicii kong he pehtlain in an zuar nak hmun pawl hi kan langh ter. Thlaicii na sin phanh ding 

caah cun phorh man zong liam a herh. Cun na ciin ding mi Thlaicii kha tha tein na thim hma sa 

a hau. A tha bik cu mah tein tuahmi Thlaicii hman kha a si. MIID nih tuahmi Inn Dum tuah ning 

cang kutken cauk chung ah a cheu thlaicii cu cawk a herh ning cang le a cheu cu mah dum tein 

chuah i hman khawhmi thlaicii kong zong a tel chih. 

A dang pakhat tuah khawh mi cu Thlaicii khonnak Buu nih hin thlaicii kan herh mi pawl kha zoh 

chun in hniksak nak kha tuah i thlaicii chuah kha i timh ding hmasa a si. 

A dang ruahnak cheuh duhmi cu thlaicii kan cin thawk in kan hmanmi/a dihmi tang ka tah 

chunhnak ah thlaicii man, phorh man, le kuli man hna kha cauk chung ah khumh i tial. Cun 

Thlaicii kan zun/lak dih tik ah a man zeizat dah kan hmuh than timi zong kha khumh chih i zei 

tluk dah kan miak timi le a kan that hnem ning pawl cauk chung khumh ning cang zong kan vun 

telh chih. 

64

Thennak (V) nak 

Inn Dum Chung Zuat Khalh Nak le Thing Kung 

Cin Nak Dum Kong Kam 

V.Dal (1) Nak : Inn dum le zuat khalh nak kong 

kam 

Inn dum ah tisikanhnah cin lawng si lo in Ar/ vok/ saveh/ Nga zong zuat khawh asi. Na zuat nak 

thawng in nan chungkhar caah sadat ngah lawng si lo in a leng lei in tangka hmuh nak zong a 

si. Cu leng ah saram ek pawl kha nawn ca ah hman khawh than a si. Asi nain kan cin nak khang 

kha a rawh lo nak ding ah dum tha tein kulh le saram ek pawl kha tha te in kan khon piak a hau. 

Inn dum ah mah le ti khawh tawk in Ar zuat ning cang le Nga zuat ning cang zong MIID nih 

chuah mi kut ken cauk ah zoh khawh a si. 

65

V.Dal (2) Nak : Thing kung cin ning cang 

Kumsau pi cin a ngah mi pawl kan erh tik ah zulh ding mi pawl cu; 

Kumsau pi cin a ngah mi kan cin tik ah mah dum chung in thlaici kan erh khawh bantuk in chungkhar i 

bawmh in kan tuah khawh.Kan cin duh mi kha cazin in tuah/ kan dih zaattuak/ thlaici kan duh mi kha 

cazin in tuah i thlaici erh nak khang cu tuah khawh asi. 

Thlaici erh nak khang kan tuah ning cang: 

• Hmunhma nan thim tik ah ti a dil lo nak hmun/nifatein zoh khawh nak hmun na thim piak lai 

• Dum kulh mi a san 6’ a hmetkauh cu nang mah duh ning in na tuah lai i muka a hring mi in na cih 

piak lai/3’ tluk kau in na kham piak lai. 

• Thlaici erh nak le thlaici cin nak na tuah tik ah a herh mi cu vawlei tha/cawek le thetse pawl khon 

ding. 

• Thlaici erh nak in kan tuah a si ah cun vawlei tha let 3/thetse let 2 le Cawek let 1 na rawn piak 

lai. Thlaici erh nak a hmet ngan na cin mi theitlai zoh chun in na thim piak lai. Coffee/Theithu/ 

Tanphaza pawl caah plastic ip 3”x4” Thawpat/Zawngtah le Mitsur caah plastic 6”x7” pawl hman 

khawh si. 

• Ti toih/Dum thianh/Non pek ti pawl kha nifate kan tuah piak lai. A herh ah cun rungrul thah nak si 

kan kah piak lai. 

• Thlaikung a um tu ning le a dih mi zat kha nifate in cazin kan tial piak lai . 

V.2. (a) Mitsur Cin ning 

Mirang min – Grape 

”DSCN8135” by skrubtudse is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 

Mitsur cu a tlang pi in mitsur wine le ei ding ti in phun hnih in kan then. Mitsur wine phun cu 

a thei kan ei mi phun nak in a thur deuh/a thlum mi a tlawm/a thei a hme /a hawng a chah i a 

hang a tam ruang ah wine tuah awk ah a that nak cu a si. Cu leng ah mitsur wine cu ruah ti tam 

/dapti tlak pawl kha a ing khawh caah a san nak hmunhma ah cin ding ah a tha mi thei phun 

khat a si. 

66

A duh mi khua caan, ti le vawlei 

Mitsur cu a lum nak 15°C- 21°C le rili in a san pe (500-6000) tiang ah cin khawh a si. Ni tha te in 

hmuh a duh. Zei ban tuk vawilei poh ah cin khawh asi ko nain thli luh thli chuah a that nak le ti a 

dil lo nak hmun ah cin khawh ah cun a tha deuh. Mitsur cu ti a duh ko nain ti a dil mi cu a duh lo. 

Vawlei 10% a chengnak hmun zong ah cin khawh asi. 

Mitsur kan erh ning 

Mitsur cu a cii in siseh a teng in siseh kan cin khawh ko nain a teng in cin kha a fawi deuh i a thei 

a tlai zawng a fawi deuh caah a teng in an cin bik. Lai tlang ah cun Janaury le February thla ah a 

teng kan tan piak i erh caan a atha bik a si. A khang ser piak in le thlai erh nak plastic ip zong in 

erh khawh a si. Thlaierh nak in kan cin nak thawng in a kung than daan le a hram thlak kha a tha 

deuh. Thlaierh nak kan tuah tik ah vawlei a tha mi let 3/ thetse let 2/cawek let 1in na tuah lai i 6” 

x8” pawl na hman lai. Cu leng ah a ngan dam mi mitsur teng kha a cang 3-4 nganh in a teng 6“ 

x8” saumi kha cerep in na tan lai. Cu leng ah thlaierh nak na tuah mi kha ti vuai te in tawih law 

mah chung ah khan a teng nge kha cheu 3 cheu 2 tluk lut in na sawh in na cin lai. A khang in na 

tuah ah cun 3” siloah 4” hlat in na sawh piak lai. Mahbantuk cin nak cu February le March thla 

chung ah kan tuah i June siloah July thla ah cin na duh nak hmun ah thial in cin khawh si cang. 

Thlaierh nak in na tuah ah cun thla 4-5 chung ah na thial khawh. Cu ti a si lo ah cun kum khat 

a rauh hnu lawng ah na cin khawh lai. Na cin hlan ah a hram chuah nak si (hormone) cawh mi 

pung chung ah minutes (10) hrawng na ciah hnu ah na erh ah a tha bik mi a si. 

Fig (1); a kum(1) tling mi ange 

pawl tan piak nak 

Fig (2): A Cang pa (3-4) tel, a sau 

lehmah (6-8) in tanpiak ding 

Fig (3): Ahram lei ii a um mi a mit 

tanpiak ding 

Fig (4);Thlai cii erh nak ah lehmah 

4 dan in erh ding 

67 

Fig (5);Thlai cii erh nak plastic ah 

rawn ding 

Fig (6);Bawng in cin mi thla 2 asi 

lio

Fig (7);Thlai cii erh nak in cin mi 

thla 2 asi lio (bawng cin mi nak in 

a that deuh 

Fig (8);Bawng in cin mi ni 115 asi 

lio 

Fig (9);Thlai cii erh nak in cin mi ni 

115 asi lio(thial ngah cang mi ) 

Na cin nak ding vawlei kha thaal caan ah belh bawh piak/thing chum hmui pawl thianh piak 

ding. Acheng mi ah na cin ding a si ah cun a tlang na rin piak lai i theih nak ah fung na bunh lai. 

Mah na bunh nak kha 6’x 8’ in na tuah piak lai. Cu lengah na bunhnak hmun ah 2’ hrawng si lo 

ah pe 1 le cheu in khur na cawh piak lai. Mah khur cung ah khan a cung lei a tha mi vawlei a mot 

cang mi caw ek pi 1 le a sikhawh ah cun rungrul thah nak si keu khat kha khur chung thla law 

vawlei khat tein chilh piak 

Tung bunh piak in hri zam piak ning 

Na cin tik ah vawlei a daam caan June/July thla ah na cin lai. Thlaici erh nak ip na hman asi ah 

cun a chung um vawlei a rawh lo ding kha abia pi. Cun plastic ip kha nam tein a tang lei le a 

hriang zawn kha na tan lai. Na cin tik ah a hram a bil lo ding abia pi. A hram a bil asi ah cun bil 

nak zawn khan na tan piak lai. Vawlei kha thli a luh lo nak ding ah fak nawn in na lamh lai. Misur 

kung hnih dan (or) kung thum dan in 6’ tluk asi mi titma (or) kawnkaret tung pawl hmang in 

tung na bunh lai. Tung cung ah thiar hri a ngan mi 2’ hlat in na zaam piak lai. A kung a tluk nak 

lo ding caah fung na bunh mi ah misur kung kha hri in na tem lai. 

Thlaikheu cawngh hramh 

Mitsur teng cu January le February thla ah kan tan piak lai. Kum khat a si mi a teng remh piak 

ning- kum khat a si mi caah cun a teng a chuak mi pa 2 lawng lak piak law a tang mi cu tan dih 

ding. A teng na zuah mi pa hnin kha a kung cung ah na chuan lai i hri in na tem piak lai. Kum 2 a 

si cang mi a teng tan piak ning-Kum 2 a si cang mi cu a teng pa 2 a sau mi kha 4’ tluk in zuah law 

a dang nge kha cu tan piak ding. Ahram in a acorh mi pawl kha tan dih ding. Kum 3 asi cang mi 

a teng tan ning-voi 3 nak na tan mi a teng in a pawng ta kha 6”-8” zuah piak law tan piak ding. 

Kum 3 a si in a par lai i a thei a tlai lai. Ahram, in a cuak mi poh tan piak dih ding. Akung pa khat 

ah 4’ tluk a sau mi a teng pa 2 lawng a um lai. Hmaikum ah a thei tlai mi a teng pawl kha a caang 

pakhat lawng na zuah lai I na tan piak lai. Mah ban tuk in kum fa te a teng tan piak caan ah a 

caang pakhat na zuah in na tan piak lai. A thei tlai caan ah a thei pawl kha ni tha tein an hmuh 

khaw nak hnga le thli luh thli chuah a that nak ding caah a tlai nak pawng i a hnah pawl kha na 

lak piak dih lai/ na tan piak dih lai. Mah ban tuk na tuah ah cun a thei a ngan lai i tuan deuh ah 

ahmin lai. 

68

Non tawih piak le vawlei chilh piak ning(Mulching) 

Vawlei khuh/vurh piak tik ah 6”-8” tluk hlat in facang zi/hramh ro pawl in na khuh piak lai. Non 

na peih tik ah a kung in 2’ tluk hlat in khur cawh piak /luti luan nak tuah piak in non na pek lai. 

Mah khur chung ah khan cawek /facang zi/hramh ro le a cung lei vawlei tha pawl na rawn piak 

lai. Mah khur chung ah cun kum fa tin non na pek lai. Belh bawh thianh piak tik ah a pawmg kam 

kha 4’ hrawng nifatein na thianh piak lai. 

Rungrul khamh ning 

Laitlang ah cun zawtnak a tla mi a tlawm ko nain a tang lei kan langhter mi zawt nak pawl a tla 

kho. 

Powdery Mildew and Downy Mildew 

Mah zawt nak hi buar zawtnak ruang ah a si mi a si caah a hnah pawl/a zim pawl le a thei pawl 

ah zawt nak a tla kho. Mah bantuk zawt nak a tlak ah cun a hnah ah khan a rang nawn bantuk 

buar pawl/powder bantuk pawl kha a hnah cung ah na hmuh lai i a zim an rawk lai a thei pawl 

an hmin hlan ah an ro lai i an til lai. Mah zawt nak phun 2 hi thleidan awk ahar ngai. Downy 

Mildew a tlak sual ah cun a hnah pawl kha aihre zawng in duh sah te in an uai lai i an til lai /a 

thei pawl kha an hmin hlan ah meikhu zawng in an um lai. Mah zawt nak pawl cu ruah a tlawm 

caah a daam mi dat a tam deuh caan ah acang kho. Mah zawt nak pawl khamh khawh nak ding 

ah zawt nak a ing kho mi phun,cun a tlak mi buar si hmang in khamh khawh asi. 

Black Rot 

Mah zawt nak cu mitsur kung i a kung dih lak (a hnah,a zim,a thei) pawl ah a tla khun. Mah zawt 

nak a tlak ah cun a hnah ah a nak nawn pi khin a um lai i a hma zawn kha a nak khun lai. A cei tuk 

ah cun a hnah vial te an til lai i an rawk kho. A thei tlai nak nawn in an um lai i an thu lai /a thei a 

tlai ka mi a thlar ning in a car kho. Ni khua a lum deuh nak, a daam pah nak hmun ah khin an tla 

khun. Zawt nak khamh nak caah cun a ing kho mi hman ding /a kung thla dem nih a khuh lo nak 

in tuah /zawtnak khamh nak si pawl hmang in khamh khawh asi. 

Grape cane borer 

Thingkung a hram pi a virh mi rungrul cu Chin ram chung ah a tam bik mi asi. Mah rungrul a 

tlak ah cun a kung dih lak in a rawk i mah rungrul a tlak lo nak ding ah na dum kha tha tein na 

zoh khenh hau. Mah thingkung hram a virh mi rungrul cu a than tik ah mitsur hram le a teng 

pawl le a caang pawl ah khan an lut i akung kha an ei i an i dup. A kung/nge ah a luh hnu cun 

duh sah tein a chung in a horh i an kiak. A hram pi ah a tlak ah cun a kung dih lak in a uai i a thi. 

Thingkung hram a ei mi rungrul hi thaal caan ah a tla bik. Mah rungrul ral in kan khamh khawh 

nak ding cu a kung kha tha tein zoh khenh ding. Zawt nak a tla mi a teng pawl kha tan piak in 

mei ah khangh piak ah cun atha bik a si. Thaal caan ah cun na dum kha thla 1 voi khat mei khu 

in khut piak khawh si. 

69

Zuun caan 

Mitsur thei a bor ning in a zaa pi a hmin dih ah cun cerep in tan piak/kut in lawh ding. Lai tlang 

ah cun March le April thla ah an par i June /July thla ah lawh i zuar khawh si. Mitsur cu a hang a 

tam mi a si i a kung ah sau chiah awk athat lo caah nan ei lai asi lo ah zuar lai te ah lawh ding asi. 

Laitlang ah cun misur hi wine tuah awk ah a that caah a thei nan lawh dih in zaan khat nan chiah 

hnu wine ah tuah khawh asi. Mitsur a thei hi a thur deuh caah a ei tu ding an tlawm i khuate lei 

um mi caah cun wine tuah ah a tha bik a si. Mitsur cu a kung phun ning in kung khat ah cuai 3-7 

ting ngah khawh si. 

Fig (10);Misur thei kha cerep in tan piak ding 

70

V.2. (a) : Thawpat Cin Ning 

Mirang Min – Avocado 

Chinram ah thawpatci Phun (8) in hmuh khawh a si. 

Thawpat nih a duh mi khua caan 

Thawpat cu a kik pah mi temperature 6°C-28°C a si tiang thaten cinkhawh a si. Rili in a san pe 

1500 - 6000 tiangah thaten cinkhawh a si nan hawrha le dapti nih a thah khawh. A bik in a par lio 

caan ah cun temperature 18°C nak tam a si a hau. Ruah a tam i, a daam mi khua caan khi a duh 

bik. 

A Kung Erhning cang 

Thawpat cu a mu in a si ah, a kung in a si ah, a ci lak khawh a si. A mu in cin na duh ah cun a 

mu thim hi a bia pi ngai. Mah khuaram a um mi a mu cu na thim tik ah rungrul le zawtnak nih a 

tlunh lo mi kung in, thaten a hmin mi, a mu lawng kha lak piak ding. Zaatuak 40-60 gram a rit mi 

lawng na thim lai. Na thimmi a mu kha zaankhat (nazi 12) chung ti na ciah lai i mah hnu ah 

nitlang ah nazi 2 chung na pho a hau. Mah hnu ah a hawng hawh piak i,a mu cunglei kha letmah 

(2cm) tiang, a hram lei (0.5cm) tiang na tan piak lai. Hormone hang si le zawtnak khamtu si lak 

ah nazi cheu na ciah piak lai. 

71

Fig (1);Ni ah poh i a hawng khawh 

ding 

Fig (2);A mu a cung lei kha lehmah 

cheu tan piak ding 

Fig (3);Buar thah nak sii le 

hormone sii cawh i na zi cheu 

ciah piak ding 

Cintlaknak plastic lawng in na erh piak lai. Vawlei tha let thum, thetse let hnih, a hlun cang mi 

cawek let khat in 6’-8’ a sau mi cintlaknak plastic chung ah na rawn piak lai. Mah hnu ah ti ah 

ciah mi a mu kha plastic chung ah a mu 1/3 pil in vawlei khuh law erh ding. Plastic chung a mu 

erh kha February le March ah tuah ding asi. Thla khat le cheu ah a mu in a mir a chuak lai. A 

zaapi tein a mir a chuah lo na in thla thum ah cun a dang kung he peh khawh asi. Kan erh nak 

hmun kha satil luh khawh lo ding in a san 6’ hrawng asi mi muka in kulh ding. Belh bawh le ti 

toih hi ni hnih voi khat in zing ka ah tuah piak ding. 

Fig (4);Vawlei chung ah cheu 3 cheu 2 lut in cin ding 

Fig (5);Thlai keuh thla 2 si caan 

Fig (5);Thlai keuh thla 2 si caan 

Fig (6);Thlai keuh ni 115 si caan 

72

Thawpat kung peh ningcang 

A kung peh a that nak cu phuntha a ngah khawh, a tlai atam ter, zawtnak le rungrul a in khawh 

hna, ruang ah a kung peh (grafting) hi a herh. Mah ruang ah tlang cung hmunhma ah cun a ci 

na khomh tik ah a ci phunkhat lawng na ngah kho lai lo. Mah ruang ah phunthaphun na ngah 

khawh nak ding caah a kung peh hi a herh. Thawpat a kung peh tikah na erhmi thawpat kung 

kha khedan tia a si lo le thla 3,4 a si in na peh khawh. Na erh mi a kung kha hmang in phuntha 

phun a dang he na peh piak khawh. Phuntha phun i a kung kha 5” in tan piak i na erhmi kung he 

peh kawh a si. Na tan piak mi thlaici kung kha a hnah tawh piak dih i thingthei pawl an fun nak 

plastic in vel khat na tuam biak lai. Mah hnu ah na thlaici kung kha namte har te in na ah piak 

lai. A tang lei kung na peh ding kha cinnak plastic 3”-5” in cerep in na tan piak i a lai kha nam in 

na cheu piak lai. Mah hnu ah na cheu piak mi zawn ah na tan mi thawphat kung cu rek ten bunh 

i plastic in a tang lei in a cung lei tiang ti le thli luh khawh lo nak ding ah rek ten na tem piak lai. 

A si khawh cun na kut, na tan nak namte, cerep hna cu (Pu tet se) hmang law a tha bik. Mah na 

peh mi in zerhhnih hrawng a vun si tik ah hnahno a corh mi a um ah cun na tem piak mi plastic 

kha na phoih piak lai. Mah a kung na peh mi kha an hun ngan deuh i kumkhat an vun si in na 

cinnak ding hmunhma ah na thial piak khawh cang. 

Fig 7: Thlai kheu kung kha 1” hrawng a lai in tan 

ding 

Fig 8: kan peh ding mi a kung kha ‘ V’ pungsan in 

nam tein in tan piak ding 

Fig 9: Cung na tan mi thali kheu 1” cung ah, a kung 

kha fek tem piak ding 

Fig 10: Na peh tik ah a tang lei in a cung lei hrual in 

thli le ti luh lo ding in tha tein na peh lai 

73

Khorcawh Ning Cang 

Khuacaan a ro car lio ah khor na chawh piak lai. Tlangcung hmunhma ah cun Contour line zam 

piak in kung khat le kung khat 20’ -20’, 25’-25’, 30’-30’ in tung na khenh piak lai. Nai dem ngah 

khawh nak ding caah cinnak hmunhma ah 30’-30’ in cin hi a tha bik. Khor na cawh tik ah 1’ si 

lo le 2’ tluk kau in na chawh lai. Khorkhat ah cawek pi khat le vawilei tang rungrul thatnak si 

keukhat he cawhpiak in khor na chilh piak lai. Ti a ngah khawh nak ding caah June, July cin hi 

a tha bik. Thlaici na erhnak plastic kha na hawh tikah a vawlei rawk lo tein na cawhmi khor lai 

teah na cin lai. Na cin lio ah ruah a sur lo ah cun ti na toih piak lai. 

A Zoh Khenh Ning Cang 

Thawpatkung cu ni a lin tuk a si lo ah dap ti a tam tuk a si ah cun a thi kho. Mah caah a kung a 

no lio te ah facang zi in khuh piak atha. Cun cintlaknak ah an hman mi Muka hmang in thal le 

khuasik caan ah na kham piak lai. Thaal caaan ah ti hman ten na toih piak ah cun a tha bik. A 

kung a no lio ah thlihrannak in a kung a kiah khawh caah tung phun piak in na tem a herh. A 

kung na cin nak 4’ hrawnghrang i a um mi belh vial te na thianh piak dih lai. Mulching na tuah 

tikah a kung he 6’ hlat in ponpiak hi ti ngah nak ca le a rauh hnu ah non caah zong ah a tha. 

A kung na thial cia mi kumkhat a si mi kung kha ange tam pin a chuah nak ding caah Lehmah 

pahnih in na sih piak lai. Thawpat a hram hi a cung lei zong ah chuah a hman caah (Pu Tat Se) 

le belh na thianh tiah ah na ralring lai. A tar cang mi thawpat kung cu a no than nak ding caah a 

nge pawl na pheh piak lai. Thawpat kung khat ah thawpat pum (300-500) tiang lawng hi an kum 

zoh in tlai ter ah atha. 

Zawtnak Rungrul Kham Ning Cang 

A thei thut zawtnak 

Mah zawtnak hi buar zawtnak a si caah, a thei, a hnah in a kung tiang ah a tla tawn. A si nan 

tam deuh cu a thei ah a tla bik. Mah zawtnak nih a tlak a si ah cun thing nge pawl le a thumi a 

thei pawl kha lak piak in a thei le a hnah caah thli tha ten a luh khawh nak ding ca, tuah piak in 

zawtnak na khamkawh. 

A hramthut zawtnak (Phytophthora root rot) 

Mah zawtnak hi tlang sang hmunhma ah a bik in a tlak caah na ralrin a herh. A kung ngan mi i a 

hram ah a tlak tawn caah a kung an uai lai, a hnah an fa lai i, duh sah in a hnah an til lai. Mah hlei 

ah a hnah um lo in a par lawng te in an khat lai i ni 2-3 kar ah a kung ning in a caar i an thi kho. 

Mah bantuk cu a hramthut zawtnak ruang ah an si. Zawtnak kham nak ding caah a tha bik cu 

ing tuar kho mi thlaici hman ding, zawtnak um lo mi a cii, cin piak in kham khawh a si.Ti a dil lo 

nak ding caah vawlei na chilh piak lai i zawtnak um lo mi kung kha cin in buar thah nak si kha 

hman in kham khawh a si. 

Thawpat a hawng thut zawtnak (Bark Canker rot) 

Thinghawng thut zawtnak hi tam dueh cu thawpat i a kung tang lei, tang lei a nge ah a tla tawn. 

Mah zawtnak a tlak ah cun zawtnak nih a tlak nak hmunhma te kha namte in tuk piak i a sen 

muici in a sen duk muici ah aa thleng lai. Mah hlei ah, thinghawng kha an puar lai i mah a puar 

nak zawn ah khan a hang pawl an chuak lai i, an vun ro in thung a si lo ah cite ban tuk in a rang 

mi a dip te te an tang lai. Zawtnak ngei lo mi a ci cin piak, zawtnak a tlak nak zawn kha namte in 

tuk piak i phoporous toih piak a si lo ah buar zawtnak si kha hman in zawtnak khamh kawh a si. 

74

A zim ei mi rungrul 

Mah a zim ei hmang rungrul hi a kung zim lei le thing nge hna ah luh in ei le ti tit an hman caah 

a kung hna thahri cet in, an caar i a donh nak ah a kung tiang an thi tawn. Rungrul a hmetngan 

ah 5 milimeter tiat lawng an si. Kham ding ah an har i, mah rungrul an tlak a si ah cun, a tlak nak 

zawn kha tan piak i mei ah khangh piak le rungrul kua hna ah rungrul thahnak si hman piak in a 

zawtnak khamkawh a si. 

A Hmursau khaubok phun 

Mah khaubok hmursau hi tlangcung thawpat kung cung ah a tlak tam bik a si. Mah khaubok hi a 

kung zim kha ei in a kung chung tiang ah an virh i an um tawn. An ngan deuh ah cun, a lu a sau i 

1” -1.5“ tiang asau. Mah zawtnak nih a tlak ah cun an ei nak kua ah khan thing ah dip pawl ban 

tuk kha na hmuh lai. An kua cu khedan tiat in an kua lai. An um nak kua zong ah a hang na hmuh 

lai. Mah ti na hmuh ah cun, a kua vih piak i, a phun ning in a that kho mi rungrul thah nak si kha 

hman piak in khamkhawh a si. 

A thei tawh caan 

Thawpat cu a kung cung ah an hmin lo. Mah caah tawh in uam piak lawng in ei a si tawn. A kung 

cung ah tawh lo in sau deuh na chiah ah cun a hring muici in a nak muici lei ah an ni thleng lai i 

thli hran tik ah an tla tawn. Fungin na tawh ah cun an tlaknak ruangah hma an pu kho i a thut an 

fawi. A si khawh cun kung cung kai in tawh piak hi a tha bik. Tawh zat lo in na tawh ah cun a thei 

ah a hram hri a tam i, an kha lai, an caar lai. Thawpat uam tik ah plastic he uam, ni ngah nak ah 

uam ah cun a thawtnam aa thleng tawn. Cu ruang ah sei ti ban tuk le kuang ti ban tuk ah uam 

ah a tha. 

75

V.2. (a) : Thawpat Cin Ning 

V.2. (c) Coffee Cin Ning 

«Arabica» by Hopkinsii is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 

Coffee cu Arabica coffee le Robusta tiin phunhnih in a um. Tlang cung hmunhma ah cun Arabica 

coffee cin hi a tha deuh i vawlei niam nak hmunhma ah cun Robusta coffee hi a tha deuh ve. 

A Duh Mi Hmunhma Le Khua Caan 

Coffee cu a mu in er ,asi lo ah a kung zong in cin khawh asi.A si nan a bik in a mu in a ci hi an 

erh bik. Coffee cu buaktlak in temperature 23 ̊C–28 ̊C hi a tha bik. A kung an than lio ah 28 ̊C- 

30 ̊C hi a tha. Zei vawlei poh ah cin khawh an si nan, non athat nak le thli lut chuak a that nak 

hmun vawlei khi a duh bik. Tlak vawlei ah a kung than a har deuh. Thladem zatuak 60% hrawng 

hmunhma khi a duh nan dapti le ni nih a tlak tuk nak hmunhma bel cu a duh tuk lo. Thladem a 

tam tuk nak hmunhma ah cun zawtnak nih tlak a duh khun. Arebica phun hi rili in pe 2500 a san 

nak hmunhma ah tha te in cin khawh a si. 

Coffee Kung Erh Ning Cang 

Erh tik ah a ci hman tha tein thim hi a bia pi. A ci na thim tik ah zawtnak nih tlak lo mi kung, a 

tlai a tam mi kung, a thaw mi kung i a cii kha ngah khawh ah atha. A mu, muhnih aa tel mi phun 

kha a tha. A mu cheu lawng aa tel mi, mu hnih nak tam a si mi hna kha na hmang hna lai lo. 

Erhnak hmun na thim tik ah ti he aa neih nak hmunhma le ti aa dil nak thim lo ding. Satil ral 

khamkhawhnak caah tha ten kulh piak a herh. A cung cih ah cintlaknak caah an hman mi muka 

hring kha na cih piak lai. Na erh tik ah erh nak plastic in le bawng in tuah,a khenh hnu ah erh 

nak plastic chung ah thial piak zong in erh khawh a si. Bawng in tuah piak i thial piak khi a tha. 

Bawng na tuah tik ah non vawlei 3” chah in, mah cung ah thetse 2” in chilh piak i cin khi a tha. 

Erhnak ding caah bawng na tuah piak mi ah khan kungkhat le kungkhat a hlat neih ah lehmah 

cheu, a khor thuh ah lehmah cheu tiin na coffee mu kha a bingtalet in erh khawh a si. Facangzi 

in na khuh piak ah cun a kung than a fawi. Zing fate ti na toih piak lai. A kih nak hmunhma ah 

thlahnih hrawng na erh ah cun a kung an kho lai. Mah hnu ah na erhnak thla 4 an si ah cun palep 

ban tuk hnah an hung si lai i mah tik ah erhnak plastic chung ah a dam mi kung pawl, na thial 

piak khawh. Aihre mi a kung pawl, a ngawi mi kung pawl, a hram ngawi mi kung pawl hna kha 

cin lo ding. Erhnak ding plastic kha vawlei tha let 3, thetse let 2 le cawek let 1 in na tuah piak lai. 

February le March thla i erh piak hi a tha bik. Coffee cu kumkhat si cang mi kung pawl cu cinnak 

hmun ah thial khawh an si cang. Na thial hlan ah a kung pawl intuar kawhnak ding caah na cih 

mi muka kha thla khat a duh ah na hawh lai. 

76

Fig (1);Thlai cii kha abok in erh 

ding 

Fig (2);Ni 60 a keuh ka 

Fig (3);Ni 115 ah a kung keuh caan 

Fig (4);A hnah pelep bang tuk asi 

caan 

Fig (5);Ni 5/150 plastic eh ah thial 

ding 

Fig (5);Plastic eh ah thial caan 

Khorcawh Ning le Cin ning cang 

Hawrha tlak a tam nak tlang kar lak ti ban tuk hmunhma ah coffee na cing lai lo. Cinnak khor 

na cawh piak hlan ah thladem caah tiah na chiah piak mi ti lo, a dang cu mei in na khanh lai. A 

si khawh ah cun tangka hmuhnak a fawi mi thing thei (thawpat, zawngtah) ban tuk thingthei 

hna kha cin piak hmasa ah a tha. Zatuak 15% tluk a cheng mi hmunhma ah cun na cing lai lo. 

Mah hnu ah a khor hlat neih 6’x6’ a si lo le 6’x8’ in na cin piak lai. Mah hnu ah 8” a kau mi a si lo 

ah pekhat kau mi khor ah khan pekhat thuk in na cawh piak lai. Mah hnu ah a cung lei vawlei 

le cawek pawng 5, vawlei chung ca hman mi rungrul thah nak keucheu in cawh i khor ah chilh 

ding. Belh le thingkung hau dih in mei ah khangh piak.Vawilei sarsiam piak cu nikhua a ro caar 

deuh tik ah na tuah lai. Mah hnu ah June, July vawlei a cin tik ah cin khawh a si. Plastic in na 

erh mi kha khor chung ah na cin tik ah na erh nak vawlei rawk lo ding ten khor chung a lai te ah 

na cin lai. Na erh nak plastic kha nam in tan a herh. Na cin nak vawlei thli um lo nak ding caah 

vawlei tha ten na chilh a herh. A ngawi mi a hram a um a si ah cun tan piak in cin khawh a si. 

Erhnak caan a sau cang mi kum 2 le a cung lei na coffee hna cu cin lo ding. 

77

Khorcawh Ning le Cin ning cang 

Hawrha tlak a tam nak tlang kar lak ti ban tuk hmunhma ah coffee na cing lai lo. Cinnak khor 

na cawh piak hlan ah thladem caah tiah na chiah piak mi ti lo, a dang cu mei in na khanh lai. A 

si khawh ah cun tangka hmuhnak a fawi mi thing thei (thawpat, zawngtah) ban tuk thingthei 

hna kha cin piak hmasa ah a tha. Zatuak 15% tluk a cheng mi hmunhma ah cun na cing lai lo. 

Mah hnu ah a khor hlat neih 6’x6’ a si lo le 6’x8’ in na cin piak lai. Mah hnu ah 8” a kau mi a si lo 

ah pekhat kau mi khor ah khan pekhat thuk in na cawh piak lai. Mah hnu ah a cung lei vawlei 

le cawek pawng 5, vawlei chung ca hman mi rungrul thah nak keucheu in cawh i khor ah chilh 

ding. Belh le thingkung hau dih in mei ah khangh piak. Vawilei sarsiam piak cu nikhua a ro caar 

deuh tik ah na tuah lai. Mah hnu ah June, July vawlei a cin tik ah cin khawh a si. Plastic in na 

erh mi kha khor chung ah na cin tik ah na erh nak vawlei rawk lo ding ten khor chung a lai te ah 

na cin lai. Na erh nak plastic kha nam in tan a herh. Na cin nak vawlei thli um lo nak ding caah 

vawlei tha ten na chilh a herh. A ngawi mi a hram a um a si ah cun tan piak in cin khawh a si. 

Erhnak caan a sau cang mi kum 2 le a cung lei na coffee hna cu cin lo ding. 

Naidem tuah piak le Naidem kung cin piak 

Coffee kung cu dapti tlak le ni linh a celh bak lo. Na cinnak hmun ah naidem a um lo ah cun thaal 

caan le khua sik caan caah a cung cih na tuah piak a herh. Naidem a ngah nak hmunhma ah cun 

a cung cih piak a herh lo. Naidem caah (thawpat, zawngtah, hnuhnun, lichee, khatawpi) kung 

hna hi coffee naidam caah na cin piak ah cun tangka hleihluat ngah nak ca zong ah a tha. Coffee 

kung lak ah na cin mi naidem kung hna cu a kung hlatneih 25’x25’ in cin khawh a si. Mah hlei ah 

coffee kung kar ah phiang le a dang pe phun phun, khua caan he aa tlak mi kung hna zong cin 

piak in tangka hleihluat ngah lawng si lo in na vawlei zong a that tar. 

Coffee kung zoh khenh ning cang 

Belh na bawh piak zungzal lai. Thaalcaan i ni khua a linh deuh caan ah zerhkhat voikhat ti na 

toih lai. A si nan, tlangcung hmunhma pawl ah ti a har deuh caah ti an toih lo nan zerhkhat 

voikhat cu ti na toih lai. Na cin hnu, a kung a than pah lio caan ah a teng a tam deuh nak ding 

caah a zim 2” in na tan piak lai. Tlangcung ah cun ti an toih tuk lo nan ti toih piak khawh hi a rak 

herh tuk. Kumkhat ah voi thum tal non na toih piak lai. A kung a fat ngan le an kum zoh piak in 

compound non le cawek mot cawh piak in na pek lai. Kum fa te a ro caar mi a nge hna kha na 

tan piak lai. A kung a tar tuk cang i a thei a tlawm tik ah a nge na tan piak lai i na zoh khenh than 

lai. Thaal le khuasik caan naidem a um lo ah cun cintlaknak i hmanmi muka le facang zi in na 

cih piak lai. 

Zawtnak rungrul zoh khenh ning 

Tlangcung hmunhma coffee ah hrawk tu rungrul an tlak a tlawm nan khanglang, lungsil 

hna, hnahvirh tu rungrul, hmaifa le a zim ei mi rungrul le a thei ei mi rungrul hna an tla tawn. 

Tlangcung ah cun a zim ei mi le a thei ei mi rungrul an tlak a tam. A hram kung pi ei mi rungrul a 

tlak ah cun a kung an ro caar lai, rungrul ei nak zawn kha fawi tein a kiak lai. A thei ei mi rungrul 

cu an um tuk lo nan an um sual ah cun zatuak 50% tiang na coffee an rawk kho. Rungrul a tlak a 

tlawm nak ding caah kum fa te a nge tan piak, rungrul nih a tlak mi a kung zawn te kha tan piak 

I mei ah khangh piak, thli a lut chuak that nak ding caah tuah piak hna hi a herh. Tlangcung cin 

mi ah cun coffee cirik zawtnak hi a tam bik. A si nan a thei chuak a tlawm ter tuk hlei lo. Mah 

zawtnak khamnak ding caah zawtnak a ngei lo mi thlaici hman ding, thli luh chuak that ter le 

buar zawtnak kham tu si hman in mah zawt nak hi kham khawh a si. 

78

Coffeethei Zuuncaan 

Coffee i a thatchiat a man hi zuun lio caan zoh in a man aa thleng. Mah caah coffee na lawh lio 

ah a hmin tak tak mi pawl lawng na lawh lai. A hmin rih lo mi, a hring mi a thei na lawh ah cun 

na coffee a that lai lo caah a man a tlawm lai. Coffee cu kum 3 asi hnu ah lawh khawh a si. April 

in May ah an par tawn i December in March thla tiang tawh khawh a si. Na tawh thawk in ni 4-5 

tiang tawh khawh a si. March thla ah coffee par a tam deuh nak ding caah a um mi thei vial te na 

tawh piak dih lai. Coffee kung, kungkhat ah a kum le a ci phun zoh in cuai 3-6 tiang ngah khawh 

a si. Tha tein a hmin mi hna cu cherry thei tiin an auh. Coffee a thei hi coffee chuah tu hna sin ah 

zuar khawh an si. Mah te zong in caar ter i zuar khawh an si. Cherry thei na can tik ah a hawng 

buin a si ah, a hawng hawh in a si ah caar ter khawh an si. Na caar cang mi coffee mu hna cu 

plastic in na caar ter lai. Tlangcung ah cun coffee a thatchiat zoh in cuaikhat ah (800-1200)ks. 

tiang ngah khawh a si. 

79

Thennak (VI) nak 

Thlai Ci Zun Hnu tuah Ning Cang 

VI. Dal (1) Nak : Thlaici khom ning cang 

Tlangcung hmunhma ah cun dum in an ngah mi fungvei, pe a phun phun le facang ci pawl cu 

vawlei um in an khon tawn, mei cung hna ah an chiah, Buti thol hna ah an chiah, a phun phun in 

thlaici kha an chiah hna. A si nan tu chan ah cun tisik anhnah a ci pawl cu plastic ah chiah in an 

khon deuh cang. Plastic bawm,ti thawl ban tuk in khon cu a um ti lo. Thlaici khon duh ah cun 

Plastic bawm le thawl palang in khon hi a tha bik. Plastic in khon ah cun rungrul nih ei le buar 

kai hna a um tawn. Mah caah na thlaici khon hnga ding kha a ro mi a si a herh. A buar mi thlaici 

dang he na cawh lai lo. Thlaici pawl cawh in na khong lai lo. A si khawh cun buar thah nak si he 

cawh piak in khonkhawh a si. Buarthahnak si na ngeih lo a si ah cun vutcaam he cawh in khon 

khawh a si. Fungvei ci na khon lio caan ah cun a fo he vutcaam phulh in mei cung ah chiah a 

ngah. A si nan tlakum, pung hna hman hi a tha. Kumkhat leng na khon cang mi thlaici hna cu 

rawhral a fawi. 

A tu chan ah cun buarthahnak si cawh cia mi thlaici pawl fawitein cawk khawh an si cang. A si 

nain mah khua le ram ah a chuak mi thlai ci hna hi khua caan he a tlak in rungrul nih a tlak a 

tlawm caah, cawk hau lo in ngah khawh a si mi hi tha deuh in khon a herh. A cii pa khat le pakhat 

in an chuah mi thlaici hna nak in mah le khua ram chuak thlaici hna hi a rak tha deuh. 

80

VI. Dal (2) Nak : Khayanchinti meh phun ser ning 

cang 

Khayanchinti cu a vitimen a that caah a duh lo mi an tlawm. A si nan khayanchinti cu sau chiah 

a ngah lo mi thei a si ruang ah le ti khal chiahnak kuang um lo deuh nak tlang cung ah cun 

khayanchinti cu sauce ah tuah in sau pi chiah a ngah. Mah hlei ah khayanchinti a chuah than 

hlanaman a fak tawn i Lai lei um mi nih an caw kho tawn lo. 

Tuah Ning 

A hmin a tha mi khayanchinti cu ti in tha ten na tawl lai, cun na chuan tik ah a hmin a fawi nak 

ding caah nam in cheu li na cheu lai I tisa ah a hawng aa hawk tiang na ciah piak lai. Mah na ciah 

mi kha keu ngan in a fe ngah nak ding caah na nen piak lai. Na nen cia mi kha zaka pakhat in a 

hang na sur lai i a fe atang mi zong kha ei khawh a si. A hang he a fe he tiin phunhnih na ngah 

lai. A hang cu din khawh a si. A fe cu a hang a ko nak ding caah na chuan lai. Mah hnu ah thawl 

chung ah na rawn khawh. Thawl kha rungrul thah nak ding caah tisa lak ah na ciah a hau I mah 

hnu ah khayanchinti fe kha rawn in thawl chin fek ten chin in sau pi chiah khawh a si. Thla ruk 

in kumkhat tiang chiah a ngah. Ei na duh caan poh ah na ei khawh. Sau pi chiah kawh nak ding 

caah thawl kha thiang ten tuah kha a herh. 

81

VI. Dal (3) Nak : Ai thing no thor le ai thing mu 

thai tuah ning 

Ai thing meh phun zong in siseh, sii ai zong in kan hman. Ai thing no thor tuah mi cu sau pi chiah 

khawh asi cun ai thing toh zong in siseh, zauar awk zong ah siseh tuah i, zaur khawh asi. Ai thing 

mu thai zong tuah a fawi caah hngak chia pawl nih ni khat voi 1-2 an ei piak ah cun, lung mih, 

khuh le cum pi a khamh lawng si lo in chung a that ter i rawl ril zong a that ter. 

Ai thing no thor tuah ning 

Ai thing no thor tuah nak ah a cang mi ai thing tuah ah cun fibre (hri hram)a tam I ei ding ca zong 

ah a rem lo. Cu caah fibre(hri hram) a chuah hlan ah zuun i ai thing thor tuah piak ding. A herh mi 

thil pawl cu ai thing no, than thling nak,cite, shialaka hang. Ai thing a no mi kha tha tein ti in tawl 

a hawng hawh i fibre (hri hram) zong in siseh, a pan tein aah piak zong in siseh tuah piak ding. 

Kan aah mi ai thing kha cite, cini le shialaka hang in tlawm pal cawh piak ding. Shialaka hang a 

um lo si ah cun rei te hang hman khawh asi. Minute (5) tluk na cawh piak ah cun ai thing paan 

zawng ah a vun thleng lai. Cun a thiang mi palang chung ah khat tein chiah i shialaka hang si lo 

ah rei te hang a pil tiang cawh piak ding. Mah palang chung ah ni 2-3 hrawng chiah i kan herh 

caan ah chuah i ei khawh asi. 

Ai thing mu thai tuah ning 

Ai thing mu thai tuah nak ah a cang mi tuah piak nak in a no mi tuah piak ah cun a tha deuh. A 

herh mi–ai thing kiap 10 hrawng, cini kiap 5-8 le ti hrai 1. A hma sa bik ah ai thing kha tiin thiang 

ten tawl I a hawng kha keu si lo ah namte in hawh piak ding. Kan hawh mi ai thing kha a chah 

1.5 cm hrawng ngah ding in namte in tan piak ding. Kan tan piak mi ai thing kha um chung ah 

ti rawn i cini cheu3 cheu2 rawn i mei in chuan piak ding. Cini coffee zawng a vun i thleng i bang 

nawn asi tik ah mei daih ter i a taang mi cini cheu 1 hen cawh piak i ro tein chiah ah cun ei khawh 

si cang. Mah kan tuah mi Ai thing mu thai car kha a thiang mi palang ah chiah i nifa tin ei khawh 

asi. 

«Ginger» by ahisgett is licensed under CC BY 2.0 

82

VI. Dal (4) Nak : Misur wine tuah ning cang 

Lai tlang i cin mi misur hi wine ah tuah khawh an si. Kan inn cio ah a tang lei kan langh ter ning 

in tuah khawh asi. 


• Misur cuai 10 

• Cini cuai 2 

• Ti gallon 15 a tlum mi umm 

• Thil nu 3 g 

Tuah ning 

• Tha tein a hmin mi misur thei kha ti tawl i a nge lak i kheng pi pa khat chung ah tha tein dip 

ding. Kut in mot lak in man ter ding. 

• Man ter mi misur kha gallon 15 tlum mi umm ah rawn piak. 

• Cun cini cuai 2 le cheu cu ti lum in cawh i umm chung ah rawn piak.Cini a tit ter kho tu ti a 

herh zat hman ding. 

• Cun thil nu 3 g hrawng ti lum tlawm pal hen hrai pa khat ah cawh piak i umm chung ah cawh 

piak ding. Misur hawng ah thil nu(yeast) tlawm pal a tel ko nain zuu thawh ter nak a nuar 

ruang ah a leng thil nu (yeast) hman piak ah cun zuu thawh si nak ter a ran ter. Thil nu cu cini 

pawl kha aei i Alcohol thawh ter nak a ran ter. 

• Cu dih cun a chin tha tein chinh piak i ni 2 voi 1 in voi 5 hrawng tiang misur kha cawh piak 

ding. 

• Ni 15 a rauh ah cun misur kha a thiang mi thil sah (or) a fe pawl kha lak piak ding. Misur fe 

chuah piak lo ah cun a ne tlak a tam i misur wine a zawng a piang pai lo caah a ei din tu pawl 

an duh a zor ter. 

• Mah a hang pawl kha um chung ah a chin tha tein chinh i um chung ah ni 45 ciah piak than 

ding. 

• Cu dih cun a thaing mi palang chung ah rawn i zuar si lo ah din khawh si cang. Pa lang kha ti 

tlawk lak ah ciah i rungrul thah piak I hman ah cun sau pi ciah khawh asi. 

Chin chiah Nak: 

• Misur wine tuah tik ah kan hman mi thil ri pawl, thian hlim a bia pi tuk. A thian lo ah cun a 

buar I a thu cun wine ning pi in a rawk kho. 

• Lai tlang i cin mi misur wine phun cu ni hmuh nak hmun le kan cin mi a phun ruang ah misur 

thei cu a thor i a thlum nak dat a thlen khawh ruang ah, Refractometer in hneksaknak tuah 

piak i ciini cawh ding zat kha theih khawh asi. A buak tlak in ciini cuai 1 misur cuai 4 in hman 

piak khawah asi. 

• Ciini voi khat ah cawh dih kha tuah piak lo ding. Aleng in cawh mi a zawng si nak,a haw,a 

thawt nam thlen nak cawh kha tuah piak lo ding. 

• A cheu khuate lei nih tuah mi wine cu an hman ding mi ralca um chung ah zen (sulphur) kha 

rungrul thah nak ding ah mei in an khangh ko nain a haw, a thawt nam nak a hrawh caah 

hman ding asi lo. 

83

Thennak (VII) Nak 

Ti sik an hnah Chung Tel Aharah Um Tu Ning 

MIID nih an i tinh mi ah aharah tlam tling ten an hmuh khawh nak ding ah a bik in ti sik an hnah 

tam deuh in cin khawh nak ding ah fim thiam nak hi kan chimh hna ti rawl ah phun(3)si mi pum 

thang cho nak ti rawl,zawt nak khamh tu ti rawl le tha zang a um ter kho tu rawl lak ah ti sik an 

hnah in ngah khawh a si ti mi hi zei tin dah kan than cho khawh lai ti mi hi cin thlak nak lei ti sik 

an hnah i aharah a tel ning cang cu a tang lei bangin kan langh ter mi hi asi. 

Ti sik an hnah ah aharah a tel ning; 

Sr Thei kung min Aharah a tel ning le a that nak pawl 

1 Khayanchinti Vitamin C,Vitamin A le,thir dat a tel caah zawt nak a do kho tu 

tha a thawng, mit tha a tha i thi tha zaang zong atha. 

2 Hman phek Vitamin C,Vitamin A,Vitamin B6 tam pi a tel caah zawt nak a 

do kho tu tha a thawng, mit tha a tha, kan pum caah aherh mi 

hormone a kan pek chanh. 

3 Mai Vitamin A,Vitamin C, potassium, thir dat le Vitamin B6 tam pi a tel 

caah mit tha atha, zawt nak a do kho tut ha a thawng, thluk tha 

hri atha, thi tha zong a tha I kan pum nih a herh mi hormone tha 

zong a that ter. 

4 Piat Vitamin C, Vitamin B6,fibre Potassium dat a tel i zawt nak a do 

kho tu tha a thawng, hormone tha a that ter,rawl rial ning tha 

zaang a that ter,thluak tha hri a that ter. 

84

5 Kha chuan rang Manganese, Vitamin C,Vitamin B6, a tel caah kan pum chung i 

dat pawl a um tu ning cang a that ter, kan pum zawt nak a do 

kho tu tha a thawng, kan pum nih a herh mi hormone a kan pek 

chanh. 

6 Kha zer Vitamin A, Vitamin C, fibre(hri hram) le Vitamin B6 a tel caah 

zawt nak a do kho tu tha a thawng, mit tha a tha, rawl rial ning 

tha zaang a tha, kan pum cah a herh mi hormone tha zong a 

that ter. 

7 Kawpi hlum Vitamin C, fibre (hri hram) tam pi a tel caah zawt nak a do kho 

tu tha a thawng i rawl ril ning a that ter. 

8 Antam hnah Fibre (hri hram), saa dat le cite dat a tel ruang ah rawl rial ning a 

that ter, kan pum a ngan ter tu cell i a tuah ser nak kha tha a 

pek, cell ah a um mi ti dat zong tha a pek, thi kal ning a that ter. 

9 Pankawpi hring Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Vitamin B6, fibre (hri hram) le saa dat a tel 

caah zawt nak a do kho tu tha a thawng, mit tha a tha hormone 

tha a tha, rawl rial ning tha zong a tha, kan pum a ngan nak 

ding ah a herh mi cell a si ter ning zong kha tha a pek. 

10 Pankawpi rang Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Vitamin B6 le fibre (hri hram) a tel caah 

zawt nak a do kho tu tha a thawng, mit tha a tha ter, hormone 

tha a that ter i rawl rial ning tha zong a tha. 

11 Pe a phun phun Vitamin C, Vitamin A, thir dat at le saa dat a tel i zawt nak a do 

kho tu tha a thawng, mit tha a that ter, thi tha zang a that ter, 

kan pum nih a herh mi cell i a tuah ser nak kha tha a pek. 

85

ကိုးကားချက်များ - 

• UNDP – Delta home gardening Manual 

• AVRDC- World vegetable center, Site and Crops selection for Home Garden, Mandy 

Lin,2015. 

• ဟင်းသီးဟင်းရွက်နှင့် သီးနှံပင်များတွင် ကျရောက်တတ်သော ဖျက်ပိုးနှင့် အပင်ရောဂါ အမျုးမျ ိ ုး ိ 

အတွက် ဘက်စုံ ကာကွယ်နှိမ်နှင်းနည်းများ, Terre des Hommes Italia 2015 

• Department of Agricultural,2017, Onion Cultivation 

• Department of Agricultural, 2017, Garlic Cultivation 

• Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2012, Production Guidelines 

Avocado 

• ဦးစောဝင်းနောင်၊ ကော်ဖီစိုက်ခင်းတွင် သဘာဝမြေဿြဇာနှင့် ဓါတ်မြေဿြဇာ အသုံးပြုခြင်း၊ 

ကော်ဖီ-ရာသီသီးနှံဌာနခွဲ၊ စိုက်ပျုးရေးဦးစီးဌာန 

ိ 

• ဒေါ်နန်းစိန်မြိုင်၊ ပျုးခင်းတည်ထောင်ထိန်းသိမ်းခြင်း၊ ိ 

ကော်ဖီသုသေတနနှင့် နည်းပညာပြန်ပွား 

့ 

ရေးဗဟို ဌာန၊ ပြင်ဉီးလွင် 

• မေသက်လှိုင်၊ ကော်ဖီစိုက်ပျုးရန်ပြင်ဆင်ခြင်းနှင့် ိ 

စိုက်ပျုးခြင်း၊ ိ ကော်ဖီသုသေတနနှင့် 

နည်းပညာပြန်ပွား ့ ရေး ဗဟိုဌာန၊ ပြင်ဉီးလွင် 

• ဦးစိုးသက်အောင်၊ ကော်ဖီသီးခူးဆွတ်ခြင်း၊ ကြိတ်ခွဲခြင်း၊ သိုလှောင်ခြင်းနှင့် ကော်ဖီဈေးကွက်၊ 

ကော်ဖီသု သေတနနှင့် နည်းပညာပြန်ပွား ့ ရေး ဗဟိုဌာန၊ ပြင်ဉီးလွင် 

• https://www.accessagriculture.org/tomato-concentrate-and-juice 

• https://youtu.be/xTf6791YLwk 

86

Home Gardening Chin Language

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