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5.1<br />
Silver<br />
Silver is a brilliant white shining metal and is found in nature in both native and combined forms: in flakes, forms like wire, and in massed forms, one such<br />
find having weighed 1500 pounds. <strong>The</strong> native form is not frequent, but when it is discovered it is between 900-980 out of 1000 parts fine. Today, for the most<br />
part silver is a by-product in the refinement of gold, lead, copper, or zinc ores, with which it is mostly frequently associated in nature. It is recovered from<br />
these metals in the refining process. It is also extracted from ores by direct smelting, amalgamation, cyanidation, and other hydrometallurgical processes.<br />
A primitive method of refining gold or silver, called cupellation, was to place the ore in a cupel, or small, shallow, porous cup made of bone ash, and then<br />
expose the cup to a high temperature and air blast. <strong>The</strong> base metals oxidized and sank into the porous cupel, and the precious metals could be poured off.<br />
India has always had a fascination for items such as jewellery, urns, and figures of deities in silver is manifest in palaces, museums, private collections and<br />
even in ordinary Indian homes. In India, it perhaps surpasses gold in popularity because of its greater affordability. In fact, most goldsmiths in India craft a<br />
variety of silver ornaments, silverware, religious and decorative figures and utility objects.<br />
94<br />
5.1<br />
(Fig 5.1)<br />
A collection of old silver<br />
jewellery pieces.