Euro Infectious Diseases Congress

? WHO
SHOULD
ATTEND
Physicians, Internists, Microbiologists, Biotechnologists,
Epidemiologists, Healthcare Practitioners, Nurses, Anthropologists,
Physician Assistants, Business Professionals, Pharmaceutical
Researchers, Academicians and Students
Euro
Infectious
Disease Congress
MARCH 23-24, 2020 | PARIS, FRANCE
Venue
Mercure Paris Charles De Gaulle
Airport & Convention
BP 20248 -Roissypôle Ouest -Route
de la commune -95713
Roissy CDG Cedex
2 12+ 20+ 60+ 125+
days WITH MORE
THAN 45 SESSIONS,
KEYNOTES & TALKS
INNOVATIVE
FEATURED
SPEAKERS
HOURS OF
NETWORKING
EVENTS
INTERNATIONAL
SPEAKERS
EDUCATIONAL
SESSIONS

featured speakers
Jerard Seghatchian
Audit/Inspection and DDR
Strategies, UK
Dov Lichtenberg
Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Israel
Ahmed G Hegazi
National Research Center,
Egypt
Reza Nassiri
Michigan State University
USA
Friedrich Gotz
Eberhard Karls University of
Tübingen, Germany
Gamal M SAIED
Cairo University, Egypt
Monica Junie
University of Medicine and
Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”,
Romania
LECA Daniela Anicuta
Clinical Hospital of Infectious
Diseases Lasi, Romania
MS SUCHI
South East Asia Global Goodwill
Ambassadors, Singapore
Nicoleta Negrut
Dr Gavril Curteanu Municipal Hospital,
University of Oradea, Romania
Laura Iliescu
Fundeni Clinical Institute and Carol
Davila University of Medicine and
Pharmacy, Romania

PRESENTATION
FORUM
KEYNOTE FORUM /
MINI-PLENARY SESSIONS
Presentations under Keynote Forum or Mini-Plenary Sessions includes
abstracts with remarkable research value selected by the program
committee. These significant speeches are delivered by globally
recognized honorable speakers and it is open to all registrants.
DISTINGUISHED SPEAKERS FORUM
(ORAL ABSTRACT SESSIONS)
In this forum, speakers and experts of the research field gets an
opportunity to showcase their noble research work that involves
comprehensive research findings. These formal oral presentations
include a wide range of talks covering basic research to advanced
research findings in accordance to the theme and scientific sessions
of the conference.
STUDENT FORUM
POSTER SESSION
This session is particularly introduced to encourage more number of
student participation at international conferences, however it is not
restricted only to students since it is also available for the participants
with language barrier. There are specific guidelines to be followed to
prepare the poster. Poster topic should be selected only from relevant
scientific sessions with in-depth technical details.
YOUNG INVESTIGATORS FORUM
An exclusive opportunity for students and young investigators to
present their research work through a formal oral presentation. Young
Investigators Forum provides a global platform for young researchers
and scholars to showcase their valuable contribution to the scientific
world and to get acknowledged by the global scientific community of
experts. It is an excellent opportunity to recognize young scientific
assets with promising research ideas. These oral presentations are of
shorter time duration with 10-15 minutes of informative and precise
presentations in relevant scientific sessions.
TIME TO
CONNECT
WITH YOUR
PEERS
Register & Participate
in
Euro Infectious
Diseases Congress
2020
TYPES OF
ACADEMIC
REGISTRATIONS
SPEAKER
REGISTRATION
COMBO A
(Registration + 2 night’s accommodation)
COMBO B
(Registration + 3 night’s accommodation)
DELEGATE REGISTRATION
NO SECRET IS SAFE SHARE YOUR RESEARCH
infectiousdiseases.peersalleyconferences.com

EDUCATIONAL WORKSHOPS/
RESEARCH WORKSHOPS/CORPORATE
WORKSHOPS/MINI- SYMPOSIA
With an aim of transferring knowledge among the participants, workshops
are introduced as a part of international conferences. These interactive
and occasionally practical sessions gives an opportunity for participants
to engage in detail discussion. Workshops are mostly scheduled for 60
to 90-minutes. It may range from learning about a specific topic relevant
to international education, products and research which sometimes
involves practical demonstration. It helps in enhancing skills, knowledge
and understanding of the research field in depth through interactive
discussions.
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DAY SESSIONS
“Highlights of the Day Sessions” is introduced to discuss and focus a
ray upon previous day ORAL ABSTRACT presentations by experts to
summarise the key findings. It helps in getting better insights into the
various dimensions of the topic.
EDUCATIONAL SESSIONS/ TRAINING
PROGRAMS
Educational Sessions or training programs are specifically designed
for a better understanding of the latest findings and technologies.
These are generally 45-minute sessions that gives an exposure to the
multidisciplinary field, that provides in-depth learning experiences
and address educational needs.
MEET THE PROFESSOR @ NETWORKING SESSIONS
This session involves open discussion between the experts and
session attendees, it gives enough time for getting answers to specific
questions and doubts. It is an opportunity for attendees to increase
their professional networking, sometimes also leads to an excellent
collaboration opportunity.
SCIENTIFIC TRACKS/ SESSIONS
Infectious Diseases and Global Health | Viral Infections | Bacterial
Infections | Fungal Infections | Vector-borne Diseases | Virology and HIV |
Immunology and Clinical Microbiology | Neurological and CNS Infections |
Healthcare-Associated Infections | Ophthalmological Infectious Diseases
| Lower Respiratory and Pediatric IDs | Vaccines and Immunizations |
Tropical Diseases and Parasitic Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases
and STIs | Pathophysiology and Diagnosis | Clinical Trials and Case Studies
| Influencing Factors of IDs | Advanced Treatments and Technologies |
Prevention and Control | Public Health and Epidemiology
TYPES OF
BUSINESS
REGISTRATIONS
SPEAKER REGISTRATION
COMBO A
(Registration + 2 night’s accommodation)
COMBO B
(Registration + 3 night’s accommodation)
DELEGATE REGISTRATION
TYPES OF
STUDENT
REGISTRATIONS
REGISTRATION
YIF
COMBO A
(Registration + 2 night’s accommodation)
COMBO B
(Registration + 3 night’s accommodation)
POSTERS
TYPES OF
ADDITIONAL
REGISTRATIONS
Accompanying Person
E-Poster
Virtual Presentation
Workshops
Start-Ups
NO SECRET IS SAFE SHARE YOUR RESEARCH
infectiousdiseases.peersalleyconferences.com

Concurrent Educational Sessions
MONDAY, MARCH 23, 2020
Infectious Diseases and Global Health
• Causes and pathophysiology
• Classification (Viral, Bacterial, Fungal
and prion infections)
• Diagnosis and Prevention
• Prevalence and Epidemiology
• Clinical Studies
• Pharmaceutical Research
• Tropical Diseases
Fungal infections
• Aspergillosis and Candidiasis
• Athlete’s foot
• Ringworm and Yeast infections
• Skin Fungal Infections
• Fungal Diseases in Soil
• Anti-Fungal therapies
GROUP PHOTO
Viral infections
• Hepatitis
• Influenza and Respiratory Infections
• Encephalitis and Meningitis
• Gastrointestinal Infections
• Skin Infections
• Placenta and fetus infection
• Anti-viral drugs
Vector-borne diseases
COFFEE BREAK
• Malaria
• Dengue fever and Chikungunya
• Leishmaniasis and Yellow fever
• Zika and Lymphatic filariasis
• Schistosomiasis
• Japanese encephalitis and Onchocerciasis
Bacterial infections
• Tuberculosis
• Pneumonia
• Cholera and Diphtheria
• Bacterial Meningitis
• Tetanus
• Lyme disease
• Gonorrhea and Syphilis
• Skin and Urinary Tract Infections
• Sepsis & Septicemia
Virology and HIV/AIDS
• Molecular virology of HIV & Viral Therapy
• Viral genomes
• Viral Pathogenesis and Immunity
• Viral Evolution and Emerging Viruses
• HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Statistics
• Anti-HIV Drugs
• Animal Models of HIV Infection and
Disease
Immunology and Clinical Microbiology
• Immunology and Hypersensitivity
• Host-Microbe Interactions and
Pathogenesis
• Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms
• Molecular Genetics
• Autoimmune and Inflammatory
Diseases
LUNCH BREAK
Vaccines and Immunizations
• Vaccine Research & Development
• Vaccines safety & Efficacy
• Live-attenuated and Inactivated
vaccines
• Conjugate and Toxoid vaccines
• Immunization for Women
Sexually Transmitted Diseases /
Sexually Transmitted Infections
• Chlamydia
• Genital herpes
• Trichomoniasis
• Syphilis and Gonorrhea
• Other STDs
Tropical Diseases and Parasitic Diseases
• Neurocysticercosis
• Giardia and Helminthiasis
• Leishmaniasis
• Schistosomiasis and Trichinosis
• Human African Trypanosomiasis
COFFEE BREAK
Neurological and CNS infections
• Encephalitis
• Prion diseases
• Meningitis
• Brain abscesses
Ophthalmological Infectious Diseases
• Retinitis and Chorioretinitis
• Retinal Vasculitis
• Optic Neuropathy
• Ocular Immunology
• Trachoma and Conjuctivitis
infectiousdiseases.peersalleyconferences.com

Concurrent Educational Sessions
TUESDAY, MARCH 24, 2020
Pediatric Infectious Diseases
• Immune deficiency diseases
• Encephalitis
• Lymphadenopathy
• HIV and Lyme disease
• Osteomyelitis
• Pneumonia and Tuberculosis
Clinical Trials and Case Studies
• Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of
novel drugs
• Research studies on IDs
• Reviews on IDs
• Drug Developmental Stages
• Animal and Mathematical Models
GROUP PHOTO
Healthcare-Associated Infections
• Central line-associated bloodstream
infection (CLABSI)
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA)
• Catheter-associated urinary tract
infections
• Surgical site infections
• Bloodstream infections
• Clostridium difficile infections
Influencing Factors of IDs
• Environmental factors
• Biological and Social factors
• Human and physical resources
• Food and Water borne infections
• Veterinary infectious Diseases
COFFEE BREAK
Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
• Pathogenesis
• Modes of Transmission
• Antimicrobials/Antimicrobial Resistance
• Molecular Methods
• Infectious Agents and defense mechanisms
• Novel methods and techniques
Advanced Treatments and Technologies
• Novel Drug Therapies
• Novel imaging and screening techniques
• Technologies and devices
• Biomarkers
• Antibiotics, antiviral drugs and vaccines
• Infection and Drug Resistance
• Nursing Care Practices
Prevention and Control
• Vaccination
• Genomic study
• Antibiotics and Anti-microbials
• Biochemical Tests
• Drugs and risk factors
LUNCH BREAK
Public Health and Epidemiology
• Endemic, Epidemic and Pandemic cases
• Disease agent, host and the environment
• Global Burden
• Infectious Disease Spectrum studies
• Public Health Surveillance studies
• Data collection, Analysis, Interpretation
and Dissemination
infectiousdiseases.peersalleyconferences.com

Title: Botulism, still a problem?
Nicoleta Negruț | University of Oradea, Romania
Abstract:
Botulism is a life-threatening acute neuroparalysis, which can mimic gastroenteritis at the onset, and often raising
diagnostic' problems. The study's outcome was to evaluate clinical and epidemiological data of patients diagnosed with
botulism, from the region of Bihor, Romania. The diagnosis of the patients was clinical, subsequently confirmed by
detection of the Clostridium Botulinum neurotoxin through mouse bioassay at the National Institute of Research and
Development for Microbiology and Immunology "Cantacuzino", Bucharest, Romania. Epidemiological data were
obtained directly from patients or their relatives. The data were statistically analysed with IBM SPSS software. During
2012-2018, 48 patients have been diagnosed with foodborne botulism, with a prevalence of 36.92% from total cases of
botulism nationally reported. Most of the cases were registered during the winter-spring period (36, 66.67%, p=0.020).
The females from rural areas were predominant, but the differences have not been statistically significant. All cases
were produced by botulinum neurotoxin type B. Smoked ham, traditionally made in the household, was the most
common cause as a source of botulism (33, 68.75%, p=0.009). The mean age of the patients was 39.93±12.59 years. We
recorded 3 family outbreaks, all related to the consumption of ham. The incubation period was 25.72±23.70 hours. The
time from the onset to diagnostic was 2.25±1.68 days. Three cases (6.25%) developed respiratory manifestations
requiring a transfer in the intensive care unit. The first sign of neurological recovery was recorded after 5.04±1.87 days.
No deaths were recorded. Botulism is still a public health problem, in areas where traditional products are preparing in
improper conditions.

Title: Global Impacts of Antibiotic Resistance
Reza Nassiri | Michigan State University, USA
Abstract:
Bacterial pathogens do not respect national borders and in today’s interconnected world to the point of an emerging crisis. Global
consumption of antibiotics has dramatically increased in the last decade which as led to dramatic emergence of antibiotic resistance
(ABR). Considerable mortality is associated with ABR and such resistance is an impediment to the healthcare delivery systems. While
the causes of ABR are complex, certainly human behavior play a significant role in the spread of antibiotic resistant genes. In addition
to the human behavior, the drivers of resistance include agriculture sector, animal husbandry, household and industry – these factors
contribute significantly to the spread of the resistant genes within the ecosystem. There is also a global concern about the emergence of
ABR carried by the healthy individuals, the commensal bacteria. Therefore, ABR has gained tremendous ability to impact several
aspects of our daily lives with significant global public health impacts. Furthermore, ABR-associated mortality rates are indeed
increasing in both developed and developing nations’ hospitals. Particularly, those with diseases that weaken the immune system such as
ABR increases the length of hospital stays, the primary source of increasing healthcare costs, in both developed and developing nations.
The CDC and WHO surveillance data shows that the resistance in E. coli is generally and consistently the highest for antibacterial
agents in both human and veterinary medicine. Within communities, resistant bacteria circulate from person to person or from animals
and environment to person, or vice versa. With 1 billion people travelling each year, the resistant bacteria are becoming more mobile.
The bacterial resistance can kill 700,000 worldwide each year and it’s been estimated to kill 10 million by 2050. The emergence of
resistance to last-resort treatments known as extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) is now eminent. The discovery of the New Delhi
metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) which disables almost all antibiotics directed against it, was a turning point in the rapid emergence
of bla NDM-1 gene which was first identified in 2008 in people who had traveled in India or sought medical care in South Asia. The gene
for NDM-1 travels on a plasmid, an extra-chromosomal loop of DNA that can be traded freely among bacteria. In hospital infections,
bacteria carrying NDM-1 move from person to person when patients who have received many antibiotics, develop diarrhea and traces of
feces contaminate surfaces, equipment and healthcare workers' hands. In community infections, the bacteria carrying the enzyme passes
from person to person when traces of feces contaminate municipal water supplies – and with a large percentage of the population
lacking any access to sanitation. India is facing with two antibiotic resistant genes what carry NDM-1; E. coli and Klebsiella. The
discovery mrc-1 gene in China which is being transferred between Klesbsiella pneumoniae and E. Coli further compounded the global
burden of ABR, which has already spread to the neighboring countries. Numerous European countries have reported the existence of
mrc-1 gene in the isolates from human, isolates from animals used for food, isolates from food, and isolated from the environment. In
summary, common infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, blood poisoning, gonorrhea, and foodborne diseases are becoming
increasingly challenging to treat. These infections can easily spread, especially in our globalized world today. Therefore, there is an
urgent need between research universities and industry aimed at developing novel antimicrobial agents to save the practice of modern
medicine and to reduce the global burden of microbial resistance.

Title: Interrelations between the steady state plasma concentrations of
Oxidative stress biomarkers and low molecular weight antioxidants
Dov Lichtenberg | Tel Aviv University, Israel
Abstract:
"Oxidative stress" (OS) is an ill-defined term, being dependent on the method of its evaluation is either due to
different manifestations of OS or due to the existence of several types of OS. Quantitation in terms of a
universal criterion is impossible. The most commonly used tests of OS are based on analysis of the steady
state concentration of lipid peroxidation products, particularly hydroperoxides and aldehydes. In the MARK-
AGE study of more than two thousand individuals, the OS, as evaluated on the basis of the steady state
concentration of any given peroxidation product either does not correlate with the OS determined on the basis
of another biomarker or, when the results based on two biomarkers correlate significantly with each other, the
correlations were weak. We think that the different biomarkers reflect different, thus far unidentified, types of
OS. If different types of OS exist, the different types may be involved in different diseases and may also
respond differently to different antioxidants. Hence, the difference between the alleged sub-groups (types) of
OS may be identified on the basis of the association of different biomarkers with different antioxidants. In the
present study, we test this possibility by analyzing the association of the steady state concentrations of eight
peroxidation products and eleven low molecular weight antioxidants.
Based on our analysis we can only conclude that (i) bi-radical quenching results in antioxidative effect of
peroxidation products, (ii) under certain conditions, antioxidants promote peroxidation and (iii) the different
biomarkers of OS are not associated with the same antioxidants. The complexity of the redox activity of
peroxidation promotors and inhibitors interferes with the possibility of identification of alleged sub-groups of
OS. This study adds important knowledge to the concept of OS.

Title: Satisfactorily responds to Antituberculous Treatment: Surgery
has no role in the management of Tuberculous Mastitis in Egyptian
women population
Gamal M SAIED | Cairo University
Abstract:
Having no clear etiology, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) and its variant tuberculous
mastitis (TM) are chronic inflammatory lesions usually picked up on clinical suspicion. They
inter in the differential diagnosis of breast cancer and may cause diagnostic perplexity.
Mammography and needle biopsy display nonspecific features, but may provide additional
diagnostic support. Patients vary in presentation and once malignancy is excluded, their
treatment may be instituted on empirical basis. Three cases of IGM were referred for surgical
treatment. Provisional diagnosis was made on clinical suspicion, while final diagnosis was
made only after histopathology. Exclusion of malignancy was given a priority and TM was
the first possibility. It is not necessary to see the acid fast bacilli in tissue specimen or in
culture, and for Egyptian ladies antituberculous treatment was safely given empirically if the
clinical data were sufficient. Progressive reduction in the size of the masses with amelioration
of the preexisting breast symptoms was found. Follow-up radiology showed parallel
improvement and the lesions disappeared at the end of the course. Cure is expected within 6
months and early treatment failure dictates shifting to drugs for genuine IGM like steroids and
immunosuppressants.

Title: Aspects of LCR modifications in bacterial meningitis of
the child
Daniela Leca | Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases Lasi, Romania
Abstract:
Objective: To study macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical changes of the CSF, by pediatric age
categories and to establish prognostic risk factors in bacterial meningitis.
Material and method: We conducted a retrospective study including 124 children with bacterial meningitis
admitted in the period 2008-2018. We analyzed the CSF parameters (appearance, pleocytosis, sediment,
albuminorachia, glycorachia) by age groups (infants, 1-2 years, 4-6 years, 7-10 years,11-15 years, 16-18
years) in surviving and deceased children. Statistical analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel 2018
program.
Results: The etiology of bacterial meningitis was specified in only 16.9% of cases. The CSF aspect was
predominantly opalescent in the group 7-10 years (29%), purulent at 1-3 years (35%), clearly in infants
(30%), with pleocytosis over 2000 elements/cmc especially in children under 3 years ( 63.6%) and below 200
elements/cmc in infants (43.5%). The average albuminorachia was 1.67 g/l, with the highest values in
children 1-3 years (50%) and 16-18 years (50%). Glycorachia had an average value of 17, with
hypoglycorachia only in 28 cases (22.6%), especially in children under 3 years (64%). Mortality was 16.9%
(21 cases) with most cases in infants (7/21) and children 1-3 years (6/21) with opalescent CSF (7/21) very
high pleocytosis ( 8/21) albuminorachia reduced below 1 g / l (9/21) and hyperglycorachia (8/21).
Conclusions: Bacterial meningitis in children has a severe evolution, favored by the immunosuppressed field
and by the atypical clinical picture. The young age, the appearance of opalescent CSF, very high pleocytosis,
reduced albuminorachia and hyperglycorachia could be the risk factors for a lethal evolution in the bacterial
meningitis of the child.

Title: Bioluminescent alphaviruses allow in vivo visualisation
of acute and persistent alphaviral infection
Valérie Choumet | Institut Pasteur, France
Abstract:
Mosquito-borne alphaviruses chikungunya (CHIKV) and Ross River (RRV) are remarkable for causing massive
outbreaks of severe polyarthritis in humans. They can induce prolonged arthritis resulting in a significant loss of life
quality and an important socio-economical burden. Neither vaccine nor treatments are available against these viruses.
To better understand the physiopathology of alphaviral arthritis, we developed recombinant molecular clones of RRV
and CHIKV expressing NanoLuc, a small and bright luciferase reporter. In vitro, the NanoLuc expressing viruses
(RRV-NLuc and CHIKV-NLuc) exhibited high genetic stability and near native replication kinetics. In vivo, they
allowed real time bioluminescence monitoring of viral spread in an albino mouse strain.
The use of RRV-NLuc allowed a longitudinal follow-up in living mice showing long-term viral replication after
complete resolution of the acute symptoms one month post-infection. Mice subjected to an immunosuppressive
cyclophosphamide treatment by day 30 of infection exhibited a moderate increase in the bioluminescent signal
indicating an active in vivo replication of the remnant virus. Using CHIKV- NLuc and in vivo imaging, we observed
viral replication in the joint area. This observation was further confirmed by ex vivo measurement of the bioluminescent
signal in the cartilage and by isolation of infected primary chondrocytes up to 30 days after infection, which strongly
suggests that chondrocytes serve as reservoir.
This innovative alphaviruse-NLuc mouse model allowed monitoring of viral dissemination up to the chronic stage.
These observations give new insights into the pathogenesis of alphaviral arthritis and open new perspectives for
evaluation of therapeutic interventions.

Title: Systematic review of the prevalence HIV-associated
Neuropathic Pain and associated symptoms and risk factors
April Dianne Buazon | Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
Abstract:
Background: Through significant advancements, a newly diagnosed 20-year-old, with the use of lifelong, uninterrupted
cART could have a life expectancy similar to those without HIV. According to the International Association for the
Study of Pain (IASP), pain in chronic diseases is under-assessed and undertreated. The aim of this systematic review is
to present the prevalence of HIV-associated neuropathic pain and associated symptoms and risk factors.
Method: Initiated with a search for papers through PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, that included people living with
HIV of any age and with or without cART or pain as a symptom. Cross-sectional, cohort and prevalence studies were
included and then evaluated using a standardised 8-item critical appraisal tool, which consisted of two sections. Section
1 based on sample population and section two based on neuropathic pain and diagnosis. The Neuropathic Pain Special
Interest Group (NeuSPIG) screening tool for neuropathic pain was also used for comparison.
Results: Twenty-three studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria, encompassing 23,751 participants. Diagnostic
criteria varied; 20 studies reported physical examination or confirmatory testing, in order to corroborate a diagnosis.
Prevalence of symptomatic HIV-associated neuropathy was 37.1%. Prevalence of pain was found to be 24.7%. Using
NeuSPIG diagnosis, prevalence of ‘definite’ neuropathic pain was 42% and prevalence of ‘probable’ neuropathic pain
was 27.5%. Only two studies could fulfil the screening tool, therefore was used. Significance of risk factors also varied
between studies. The table below shows risk factors found by the studies included.
Conclusion: The review demonstrated that HIV-associated neuropathy is complex and clinical presentation is varied.
There is no universally accepted diagnosis for HIV-associated neuropathy. More research is required for diagnosis and
pathology and then subsequently management and treatment, otherwise like all other pain in chronic disease, HIVassociated
neuropathic pain will remain undertreated.

Title: Training program established by the Institutional Committee
for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (IACUC) in pre-clinical
trials on infectious diseases
Mario Enrique García Rodriguez | Institute of Tropical Medicine ¨Pedro Kourí¨, Cuba
Abstract:
The implementation in our institution, Regional Reference Center for the study of Tropical Diseases, of the
Institutional Committee for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (IACUC), meant a change in the
institutional approach in research with laboratory animals due to the need to respect the welfare of animals in
the study of preclinical research. Our institution, with the collaboration of several institutions in our country,
managed to establish an annual training program for both technicians and researchers in the ethical
management of experimental animals where national and international basic concepts are updated with the
aim of achieving research Reliable and reproducible. In addition, strategies were designed to encourage the
proper development of research protocols that implicitly imply the use of animals for studies of infectious
diseases. All this has resulted in 6 years training a total of 168 participants in our courses between technicians
and researchers of our institution, as well as other research centers inside and outside our country, in basic
aspects of the welfare of our animals. For scientific purposes, it was also possible to raise awareness among
all the staff who attended our courses to achieve high quality research protocols where laboratory animals are
used in accordance with national and international laws. Encourage the development of good practices in
preclinical research in infectious disease studies and keep in mind that to carry out clinical research in
infectious disease studies it is necessary to design correct preclinical research.

Title: Development of a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) tool
for specific gene silencing in Leptospira spp
Luis Guilherme Virgílio Fernandes | Institute Butantan, Brazil
Abstract:
Introduction. Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. Many
aspects of the disease remain unexplored mainly due to the lack of effective genetic tools. Type II CRISPR/Cas system
from Streptococcus pyogenes has been explored as a tool to target mutagenesis by inducing double-strand breaks
(DSBs) due to an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease called Cas9. DSB is lethal for most prokaryotes and a newer variant
of this technique, CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), has been employed to obtain gene silencing rather than disruption,
by using a catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9).
Objectives. To develop a CRISPR/Cas9 system in the saprophyte L. biflexa, to evaluate the outcome of a genomic DSB
and, in case of lethality, employ a nuclease deficient variant of Cas9.
Methods. Cas9 gene was ligated into the pMaOri plasmid. L. biflexa cells were transformed with the plasmids to
evaluate Cas9 expression. Different single guide-RNA (sgRNA) targeting β-galactosidase gene were construct and
included into the plasmids. In case of DSB lethality, plasmids containing dCas9 and sgRNA were constructed for gene
silencing. β-galactosidase activity was measured by employing different chromogenic substrates and mRNA levels by
qPCR.
Results and Discussion. L. biflexa cells could successfully express the Cas9 protein. When bacteria were transformed
with plasmids containing both Cas9 and gRNA targeting β-galactosidase, no cells could be recovered, indicating DSB
lethality. Cells expressing both dCas9 and sgRNA could be successfully recovered. When sgRNA was designed to pair
with the template strand of β-galactosidase, only a slight reduction in this enzyme activity was observed, opposing to a
complete gene silencing when sgRNA pairing to the coding strand was used. Employment of CRISPRi led us to
conclude that DnaK is essential to leptospires and FliG, is associated with motility.

Title: Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis: The One Health
approach revealing a possible role for domestic cats and
dust indoor
Fabio Brito-Santos | National Institute of Infectious diseases, Brazil
Abstract:
The One Health concept recognizes that the health of people is connected to the
health of animals and the environment. Cryptococcal infection is acquired by
exposure to exogenous sources. The understanding of the dynamics and adaptation
of the agents reservoirs, identification of how the infection is acquired by humans
and animals, and what are the means to avoid or reduce its risks of infection, are of
fundamental interest. Several cryptococcal subtypes described worldwide, that are
potentially virulent, are circulating in house dust in Brazilian Amazon, to which
humans and animals are frequently exposed. Animals also share our susceptibility to
some diseases and environmental hazards. For this reason, they can serve as early
signs of possible human disease. Considering that cryptococcal infection in animals
reflects infections in human hosts from the same geographic area, studies of one
health context are necessary. Cryptococcosis in Brazil reiterates the value of sentinel
animal surveillance for this emerging infectious disease, reinforcing the need for
indoor environment studies

Title: Confronting multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter
baumannii via immunization against tigecycline resistance
Ming-Hsien Chiang | National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
Abstract:
Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacterial infections, including those caused by Acinetobacter
baumannii (Ab), have emerged as a clinical crisis worldwide. Immunization with AMR
determinants had been suggested as a novel approach to combat AMR bacteria, but had not
been validated. The present study targeted tigecycline (TGC) resistance determinants in Ab to
test the feasibility of this approach. Four candidates, AdeA, AdeI, AdeK, and TolC were
identified as highly conserved and exposed antigens from 15 Ab genomes using bioinformatic
tools. Antisera generated from the recombinant proteins showed the capability to reserve the
substrate of the efflux pump by Hoechst 33342, in the bacterial cell. The rTolC and rAdeIspecific
antisera had significant complement-dependent killing effects as compared to the sera
from phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-Immunized mice. Among the antisera, rAdeK-specific
antisera decreased the minimal inhibitory concentration of TGC in 26.7% of the tested
isolates. Immunization with rAdeK significantly potentiated TGC efficacy in treating TGCresistant
Ab pneumonia in the murine model. The bacterial load (7.5 x 10 5 vs 3.8 x 10 7 , p <
0.01) and neutrophil infiltration in the peri-bronchial vasculature region of immunized mice
was significantly lower compared to the PBS-Immunized mice. Collectively, these results
suggest that active Immunization against resistance determinants might be a feasible approach
to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Title: The Onchocerciasis Vaccine for Africa (TOVA)
David W Taylor | University of Liverpool, UK
Abstract:
The International Community has set ambitious targets for elimination of onchocerciasis (river blindness) as a public
health problem by 2025. Considerable progress has been made through annual and bi-annual mass treatment with
ivermectin (MectizanTM) for periods of between 10 and 15 years. However, in areas of high prevalence, transmission
of the infection persists after 20 years of mass treatment. Furthermore, disease modelling studies suggest that it may not
be possible to achieve complete onchocerciasis elimination using ivermectin alone, even after 50 years of annual
treatment.
A vaccine would complement and augment ivermectin treatment and address identifiable deficiencies in current
ivermectin-based control programmes which exclude children under 5 years and cannot used in communities where
onchocerciasis is co-endemic with loiasis, a second parasitic infection.
TOVA partners have been working towards the development of a vaccine for over 25 years. Three vaccine candidates
have been selected based on their ability to evoke strong protective responses capable of reducing parasite burden of
immunised animals by more than 90%. In part this is achieved by neutralisation of the immunosuppressive capacity of
the parasite.
The onchocerciasis vaccine is initially aimed at protecting pre-school children (<5 years of age). The vaccine will
reduce adult worm burden and fecundity with consequential reduction in pathology associated with microfilariae.
In addition, a vaccine will find use in ongoing ivermectin control programmes and contribute to reduction in
transmission rates; moreover, it will protect areas where local elimination may have been achieved.

Title: Infectious ecology: The basis for explaining discrete
activation of pathogens
Dmitry Nikolaenko | V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine
Abstract:
Existing strategies to understand, treat, and prevent infectious disease has limited effectiveness in relation to population
health (e.g., limits of vaccine, antibiotic resistance, unexplained mutations) setting the stage for new strategies that
embrace technological innovations and preventive strategies. Through the lens of infectious ecology, the discrete
activation of pathogens and the infectious process is based on detailed analysis of the microorganism, the microbial
community, and microbial environment in which adaptation can be monitored 1) providing a new pathway to assess
triggers to harmful microbial disruption, and 2) suppress the activation of infectious processes. As a result, infection is
viewed as a natural option of the adaptive process of the microorganism in which certain individuals of species are
susceptible. Thus, understanding the natural and anthropogenic gradients of the microelement dynamics of the natural
environment of microorganisms (ecotone) in the discrete activation of microorganisms in the ecological system
(epigeosystem) is the main construct of infectious ecology. This methodology is key to addressing the numerous
scientifically registered cases of a single infection of animals or the infection of a small number of animals described for
tularemia and plague for which current science cannot define. In addition, S-Theory supports the infectious ecology
approach to deciphering the manifestation of pathogenic microorganisms by including modern science (e.g.
microgeography, nanocartography). Together, this methodology introduces new standards of ecological organization,
definitions, and taxonomic units of geostationary research for the discrete activation of pathogens and the capacity to
locate microbial hot spots. The process is successfully applied to the Advanced Space-Time Algorithm of Site
Detection, known as the ASTA methodology, in which ASTA testing continues to achieve a high level of accuracy in
determining these locations. To optimize this process, researchers must embrace infectious ecology (the adaptive
properties of microorganisms and their natural communities) and S-Theory by recording empirical data using
geostationary monitoring. Benefits include optimizing input from various scientific perspectives, elevating the status of
geostationary research, and development of the concept of true preventive medicine by understanding the nature of
microorganisms from a new ecological perspective to shed light on infectious disease.

Title: Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella Isolated
from Enteric Fever Suspected Patients
Bijayata Shrestha | HAMS Hospital
Abstract:
Objectives: To isolate and identify the Salmonella species from the blood samples and determine its antimicrobial
sensitivity pattern. To detect the prevalence of the enteric fever among the patients visiting HAMS hospital . To assess
the incidence of enteric fever rate and impact of enteric fever in developing country
Scope: Enteric fever is one of the most common diseases encountered worldwide and is endemic in Nepal. This study
was conducted to access antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates from culture positive cases of enteric
fever.
Methods: Altogether 505 blood samples were collected from patients clinically suspected of enteric fever attending
HAMS Hospital. All blood samples were cultured by BACTEC method and sub cultured in blood agar and MacConkey
agar plates. All isolates were identified by colony characteristics, biochemical tests and serotyping methods. Antibiotic
susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method interpreted with CLSI guideline.
Result: Isolation rate of Salmonella species was 3.6%. Among 18 Salmonella isolates, 10 were S. typhi, 8 were S.
paratyphi A. The prevalence rate of infection was high among the age group 11-20 years (50%) and among the male
patients. However, there was no significant association of enteric fever with gender of patients (p=2.47). All 18 isolates
were sensitive to Amoxycillin, Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone and Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin. Majority
of isolates were sensitive to Cefixime (94.4%), Cotrimoxazole (94.4%) and Cephotaxime (90%). There were no any
MDR isolates. Higher percentage of isolates was resistant to Nalidixic acid (87.5%).
Conclusion: The decreased susceptibility to Fluroquinolones of S. typhi and S. Paratyphi A can be correlated with
resistance to Nalidixic acid. Commonly used third generation Cephalosporins and rolled back first line drugs be the
choice in case of NARS isolates.

Title: Characterization of adverse effects and it’s associations
in the patient medicated with anti-tubercular drugs
Priyatam Khadka | Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
Abstract:
Background and Objective
Adverse effects from long-term therapeutic intervention in tuberculosis is obvious; however, were taken nonchalantly
due to the only therapeutic alternative. The objective of this study was to characterize the adverse effects and it’s
associations in the patient medicated with anti-tubercular drugs.
Methods
A longitudinal prospective study was conducted among the patient medicated with anti-tubercular drugs. As per the
guideline of Nepal’s National tuberculosis control programme (NTP), Nepal, the treatment category was selected, fixeddose-regimen
was calculated, and treatment outcome was affirmed. Patients’ demographics and other clinical details
were extracted from the repository files. Upon a consecutive follow-up, observed adverse effects were noted and
multivariate logistic analysis against independent factors was done for elucidating any association.
Result
Of 177 cases enrolled, 138(77.9%) reported at least two adverse effects. In our multivariate logistic analysis: female,
abnormal body mass index (BMI) i.e. underweight and overweight cases, patients’ behaviours i.e. smoking/drinking or
both, clinical diagnosed cases and intensive treatment phase were independently associated with adverse side effects.
Loss of appetite (85.4%) was the commonest while dermatologic manifestations (1.2%) and severe weight-loss (1.2%)
were the least observed side-effects among the patient medicated with anti-tubercular drugs. Absolute drug-inducedtoxicity
was observed in treatment failure or MDR (multi-drug-resistant) subjects.
Conclusion
Adverse effects from anti-tubercular therapy are associated with patients’ demographics variables. Symptomatic
treatment, regular follow-up after implicated therapy, and therapeutic-discontinuation may be required for successful
outcomes.

Title: The Role of the International Health Regulations in
Strengthening the Sudanese Health Security-2018
Adam Suliman Abaker Ahmed | Hope City for Patient's Care & Rehabilitation of
Disabled
Abstract:
Background: Under the International Health Regulations IHR 2005, Sudan is committed to playing its part in the global effort to
plan for and respond to public health threats to the international community by implementing the IHR core capacities of the country
to meet the health security requirements.
Objective: To study the implementation of the IHR and showing its role in strengthening the Sudanese health security.
Method: A historical, descriptive study was conducted; a systematic search of the reports summarizing six national and international
joint evaluations reports from 2011 to 2017.
Main findings: Coordination capacity was 100%, Sudan has a strong tiered system of supporting committees: the Higher Committee
for IHR consists of undersecretaries from different ministries provides strategic guidance. A Technical Committee consists of
technical focal points from different ministries. Four subcommittees address chemical, radionuclear, legislation and points of entry
issues. The IHR NFP, and the Emergency Operations Centre. This allows for efficient coordination of multisectoral engagement in
emergency and crisis situations, which has been demonstrated during many infectious disease outbreaks. But unfortunately
sometimes and for political reasons there was no commitment to timely report of the epidemiological events to the WHO according
to IHR protocol. Surveillance capacity was 95%, there are multiple public health surveillance systems exist in Sudan. Zoonotic
diseases capacity was 100%, Sudan has capacity to respond to more than 80% of zoonotic events within 24–48 hours. There was a
decline in the percentage of some capacities; chemical, radiation and points of entry. Sudan is under sanctions for many years,
which affects its ability to mount adequate responses to some core capacities.
Recommendations: The Commitment to implement all core capacities of the IHR. Develop an emergency plan to improve the
implementation of some of the core capacities of the IHR.

Title: Site Attachment Inhibition: Endurance of resistance
(immunity)
Simon Raymond | Melbourne University, Australia
Abstract:
Part of the global crises in respect of infectious disease is represented by antibiotic resistance. Therefore,
seeking a solution would seem to involve considering solutions which offer a degree of endurance. Stem cell
therapy (stc) based site attachment inhibition (new generation immunization) would seem worthy of
consideration given that the hereditary mutations provide life long resistance (immunity) to the given infective
agents, in addition to the procedure being stc based.
Any deviation from this would include suspicion of other causes including: mal practice (and, terrorism) in
development of strains or variants that are not covered by the procedure as new to the environment.
The current researcher addresses, in the below conference, issues surrounding dysfunction genetics and
premature ageing reported in China. The current researcher discusses the issues regarding direct copying and
uses a well known case, namely Dolly the sheep, as a centre of focus to discuss the issues that connect with
direct copying involving stem cell research and therapies.
Furthermore, as detailed in the above, the current researcher clearly underscores that such issues are not
applicable to his research as he detailed right back in Association versus Causation lectures the importance of
considering first principles approach to identifying genetic targets as opposed to direct copying. This supports
the current researcher’s ability to deal with complex issues and is maintained in the research log

Title: Adopting laughter therapy to get dosage of happy hormones to remove
stress caused by being in slight pain , being depressed, being unhappy
anxious or sad. Saying positive affirmations aloud changes body cell energy
Suchi | South East Asia Global Goodwill Ambassadors, Singapore
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: There is a lack of awareness about what happy hormones are ,how to use positive words to
feel energetic and what can be done to get happy hormones. People tend to feel unhappy for multiple reasons and
neuropathic pain adds on Stress levels of not only the patient but the caregivers as well. Being in pain leads to feeling
depressed and anxious in some cases.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation:
Review of Books and Research shows that getting a dosage of happy hormones will not only ease slight pain of the
patient but feeling happy will also have a positive impact on the recovery of the patient. Adopting Laughter therapy
and getting hormones which makes one feel good will help many to recover from Neuropathic pain /Long term sadness
caused by having grief ,Anger or Resentment, Depression & Anxiety.
Findings: One needs to work on his/her energies using Laughter Therapy which is a positive approach for not having
Depression & Anxiety caused by Neuropathic pain . The therapy can be used as a Holistic way to recovery.
Conclusion & Significance: The Laughter therapy which includes ways to get the dosage of happy hormones promotes
overcoming Depression & Anxiety caused by Neuropathic pain ,is a fun way to manage pain. Repeated sessions to be
conducted to remind patients that life while having pain or during the recovery should go beyond just seeking medical
and counselling help and also include rebuilding Spiritual, Physical, Emotional, Relational and Mental health. The
model has been put together from for testing in many settings including hospitals ,elderly homes and senior citizen
centres. This is not a research book or paper. It is just an effort to demystify the help available for Depression &
Anxiety caused by pain. It is an attempt to motivate and encourage people to seek help and take a simple approach to
remember and work on all aspects of their recovery.

Title: Coverage Assessment Survey Following Trachoma Mass
Drug Administration (MDA) In 6 Districts of Oromia, Ethiopia
Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma | Wollega University
Abstract:
Background: Trachoma is a contagious infection of the eye by specific strains of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the
leading cause of blindness worldwide. Mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin is a cornerstone of WHO’s global effort
to eliminate trachoma by 2020. This coverage survey was aimed to assess trachoma post-MDA coverage among six selected
districts of East Wollega, Horoguduru Wollega, and West Shewa zones, 2017.
Methods: A community based cross-sectional coverage survey was conducted. The sample size was calculated automatically using
Coverage Survey Builder (CSB) tool in Microsoft Excel. Thirty segments were selected per each selected districts of the three
zones. A separate Results Entry Form for each district surveyed was completed, saved and uploaded directly into the online
Coverage Survey Analysis Tool to estimate the surveycoverage and the program reach along with the corresponding 95%
confidence limits and design effects. EPI-INFO 7.0 and SPSS Version 20 was used for further analysis of survey data.
Result: A total of 1,747 households were surveyed, out of which 10,700 individuals were interviewed. Most respondents (95.1%)
stated that they heard about trachoma MDA and most of them replied that they got the information from health workers. Program
reach ranged between 89.5% in Jimma Gannati district and 94.8% in Dirre Hinchinni district.
Conclusion: In this survey, four of the six districts met the target threshold (i.e. 80%) for effective coverage; Ambo rural and
Jimma Geneti did not meet the target threshold. In these, programmatic improvements should be made for the future campaign to
reach the expected thresholds while the campaign in four of the six districts should be encouraged.

Title: Effectiveness of Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block as part
of Postoperative Analgesia for patients undergoing Thyroidectomy in
Empress Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Zemedu Aweke | Dilla University
Abstract:
Introduction: Pain after thyroid surgery is considered of moderate intensity and short duration. Most trials
showed significant reduction in pain intensity and severity of pain in patients for whom bilateral superficial
cervical plexus block (BSCPB) was done.
Objective: To assess the postoperative analgesic effect of BSCPB for thyroid surgery.
Method: Sixty six euthyroid patients were recruited and assigned to two groups (33 patients each). Group 1
BSCPB and Group 2 standard analgesia. Unpaired Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney test were used for
comparison. Statistical significance was stated at p value < 0.05. Results. Median postoperative pain score
(NRS) was 3 in the BSCPB group and 5 in the control group (p 0.002). ,ere was also statistically
significant difference at 6th, 12th, and 24th hour showing a lower median pain score in the BSCPB group
compared to the control group. Median time was (360 minutes) in the treatment group and (180 minutes) in
the control group (p 0.0006). Median tramadol consumption within 24 hours is 0 mg in the BSCPB group
compared to 100 mg in the control group (p 0.001).
Conclusion and Recommendation: BSCPB done for thyroidectomy under general anesthesia decreases the
postoperative pain score, total analgesia consumption, and time to first analgesia request.

Title: Case of Talaromyces marneffei infection in Burkina Faso
GUIGUEMDE Kiswendsida Thierry | Joseph Ki-Zerbo University
Abstract:
Talaromycosis is caused by an intracellular dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei (formerly known as Penicillium
marneffei). The disease is endemic and geographically limited in Southeast Asia. Infection by T. marneffei is commonly
described in HIV-infected patients with a CD4+ T lymphocyte count below 100 cells / μL. In Thailand it is the third
commonest opportunistic infection in AIDS patients and responsible for high mortality. Without treatment the mortality
is 100% in HIV-infected patients. The mode of transmission of the fungus to humans and the natural reservoir are still
unknown. Talaromycosis is a rare in non-endemic area. In Africa the fungus had already been isolated in one patient
from Ghana who had no history of travel. In Burkina Faso, no case of Talaromyces marneffei infection had already been
described. We describe the first case of Talaromycosis in HIV-infected patient in Burkina Faso. The patient is followed
for HIV with ART treatment and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. His CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 240 cells /μL. He had
skin lesions evoking a mycotic condition. The thick scales removal from the lesions was used for the mycological
examination. Microscopic examination of growth allowed isolation of Talaromyces marneffei in its yeast and mold
forms. Treatment with Itraconazole (ITZ) alone was started with a dose of 400 mg/day for 8 weeks with a maintenance
dose of 200 mg daily for 6 weeks. The lesions disappeared after two months of treatment with a cure of the patient.
Talaromycosis occurs in Burkina Faso in HIV-infected patients even with a CD4 count> 100 cells/μL. This must draw
the attention of the health system to the follow-up of people living with HIV. Infection buy Talaromyces marneffei is an
opportunistic disease and should be commonly sought in immunocompromised patients like any other opportunistic
infections.

Title: Hepatitis c virus testing and treatment among persons
receiving Buprenorphine in an office -based program for Opioid use
disorder in Nigeria
Adeyemi Adeniyi Abati | Lagos university teaching hospital
Abstract:
Aims: In Nigeria, hepatitis c virus (HCV) infection is primarily spread through injection drug use. There is an urgent
need to improve access to care for HCV among persons with Opioid use disorders who inject drugs. The purpose of our
study was to determine the prevalence of HCV, patient characteristics, and receipt of appropriate care in a sample of
patients treated with Buprenorphine for their Opioid use disorders in a primary care setting.
Methods: This study used retrospective clinical data from the electronic medical record. the study population included
patients receiving Buprenorphine in the office based Opioid treatment (OBOT) clinic within the adult primary medicine
clinic at Lagos medical center between October 2008 and august 2015 who received a conclusive HCV antibody AB
test within a year of clinic entry we compared characteristics by HCV Serostatus using Pearson's chi-square and
provided numbers/percentages receiving appropriate care.
Results: The sample comprised 300 patients. slightly less than half of all patients (n = 134, 27.7%) were HCV AB
positive, and were significantly more likely to be older Hausas and Yoruba’s, have diagnoses of post- traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) and bipolar disorder, have prior heroin or cocaine use, and be hi v- infected. among the 134hcvab
positive patients, 126 (67.7%) had detectable HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) indicating chronic HCV infection; only 8
patients (2.21%) with chronic HCV infection ever initiated treatment.
Conclusions: Nearly half of patients (47.7%) receiving office-based treatment with Buprenorphine for their Opioid use
disorder had a positive hepatitis c virus antibody screening test, although initiation of HVC treatment was nearly nonexistent
(2.21%).

Title: Prevalence and Virulence gene profiles of Escherichia
coli O157 from cattle
Akomoneh Elvis Achondou | University of Bamenda
Abstract:
Background: Escherichia coli O157 is an emerging foodborne pathogen of great public health concern. It has
been associated with bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome in humans.
Most human infections have been traced to cattle and the consumption of contaminated cattle products. In
order to understand the risk associated with the consumption of cattle products, this study sought to
investigate the prevalence and identify virulence genes in E. coli O157 from cattle in Cameroon. Method: A
total of 512 rectal samples were obtained and analysed using conventional bacteriological methods
(enrichment on modified Tryptone Soy Broth and selective plating on Cefixime-Tellurite Sorbitol Mac-
Conkey Agar) for the isolation of E. coli O157. Presumptive E. coli O157 isolates were confirmed
serologically using E. COLIPROTM O157 latex agglutination test and molecularly using PCR targeting the
rfb gene in the isolates. Characterisation of the confirmed E. coli O157 strains was done by amplification of
stx1, stx2, eaeA and hlyA virulence genes using both singleplex and multiplex PCR. Results: E. coli O157
was detected in 56 (10.9%) of the 512 samples examined. The presence of the virulence genes stx2, eaeA and
hylA was demonstrated in 96.4% (54/56) of the isolates and stx1 in 40 (71.4%) of the 54. The isolates
exhibited three genetic profiles (I-III) with I (stx1, stx2, eaeA and hlyA) being the most prevalent (40/56;
71.4%) while two isolates had no virulence genes. Conclusion: A proportion of cattle slaughtered in abattoirs
in Buea are infected with pathogenic E. coli O157 and could be a potential source of human infections. We
recommend proper animal food processing measures and proper hygiene be prescribed and implemented to
reduce the risk of beef contamination.

Title: Human Papillomavirus Infection in genital women in
four regions of Senegal
El Hadji Seydou Mbaye | International Agency for Research on Cancer, France
Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer among women in Senegal. However,
there are few data concerning the HPV types inducing neoplasia and cervical cancers and their
prevalence, in the general population of Senegal
AIMS: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in Senegalese women
aged from 18 years and older.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study was performed on 498 cervix samples collected from
healthy women aged 18 and older in Dakar. 438 other samples were collected from three other regions,
Thiès, Saint Louis and Louga. The samples were screened for 21 HPV genotypes using an HPV typespecific
E7 PCR bead-based multiplex genotyping assay (TS-MPG) which is a laboratory-developed
method for the detection of HPV.
RESULTS: The prevalence for pHR/HR-HPV in the region of Dakar was 20.68%. HPV 52 (3.21%)
was the most prevalent HPV type, followed by HPV 16 (3.01%) and HPV 31 (3.01%). In the regions of
Thiès, Louga and Saint Louis, the prevalence for pHR/HR-HPV was 29.19%, 23.15% and 20%,
respectively
CONCLUSION: The study revealed the specificity of the HR-HPV prevalence in Dakar and other
regions of Senegal. The patterns differs from the one observed in the other regions of the world and rise
the issue of the development of vaccination program in the country. Such a program should take into
account the real HPV prevalence for an effective protection of HPV-associated diseases.

Title: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among HIV positive
breastfeeding mothers
Phumzile Dlamini | University of South Africa
Abstract:
Vertical transmission of HIV through breastfeeding is still one of the major concerns
regardless of endless interventions for its prevention. This study sought to explore
knowledge, attitudes, and practices of breastfeeding HIV positive mothers. 90
conveniently selected breastfeeding mothers living with HIV were part of the study
sample and a questionnaire was administered to the participants. Data were captured
using a statistical package for the social science version 20 and descriptive analysis
was done through tabulation and frequencies. The study results showed that nearly
80% of breastfeeding mothers living with HIV had high levels of knowledge on
PMTCT, while a positive attitude and a positive behavior was seen in 90% of the
participants. In the contrary, stigma and discrimination among family members, nondisclosure
of HIV status to sexual partners, poverty and fear of future drug resistance
were reported as risk factors of non-adherence to ARV prophylaxis. Moreover, there
are behaviors and practices which include inconsistent condom use, mixed –feeding
methods as well as wet-nursing that were practiced by breastfeeding mothers which
can contribute to postnatal HIV transmission to breastfeeding babies.

Title: Zinc finger CCCH-type Antiviral Protein 1 Restricts the Replication of
Influenza A Viruses by Positively Regulating Type I Interferon Response
Mohsan Ullah Goraya | Institute of Microbiology
Abstract:
Zinc finger CCCH-type antiviral protein 1 (ZC3HAV1) is a host antiviral factor that
inhibits the replication of specific viruses via viral RNA degradation by recruiting
cellular RNA degradation machineries. In this study, infection of influenza virus
induced the expression of ZC3HAV1, and it functions as a potent stimulator of
interferon responses in human cells, which is mediated by IRF3. Interference with the
endogenous expression of ZC3HAV1 encourages the replication of influenza virus by
impairing the induction of interferon-β (IFN-β) and MxA, following the infection of
influenza virus. A549 cells with decreased expression of ZC3HAV1 were unable to
control the replication of influenza virus. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of
ZC3HAV1 successfully restricted the replication of influenza virus in A549 cells.
ZC3HAV1 has the positive role on the induction of IRF3-dependent IFN-β expression.
In addition, ZC3HAV1 enhances the induction of antiviral factors TNF and IL-6. These
results reveal that ZC3HAV1 is considered a positive key regulator of IFN signaling
during the innate antiviral immune response and a promising therapeutic target for
virus control. This study will reveal new horizons to find new antiviral therapeutic to
treat the seasonal and pandemic outbreaks of influenza viruses.

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