The Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index 2019

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Intellectual CapitalIntelectual CapitalresourceTable ofContentsintensity20
Resource IntensityTable ofContents5 Resource ManagementThe second level of the sustainable competitiveness pyramid is the ability tomanage available resource (natural capital, human capital, financial capital)efficiently – regardless of whether the capital is scarce or abundant. Whether acountry does or does not possess resources within its boundaries (natural andother resources), efficiency in using resources – whether domestic or imported -is a cost factor, affecting the competitiveness and thus wealth of nations. Overexploitationof existing natural resources also affects the natural capital of thecountry, i.e. the ability of a country to support its population and economy withthe required resources into the future.In addition, non-renewable resources that are used today might be scarce andexpensive tomorrow, affecting competitiveness, wealth and the quality of life inthe future. A number of factors are pointing to rising cost for resources in thefuture, in particular natural resources: scarcity and depletion of energy, water,and mineral resources, increasing consumption (particular in non-OECDcountries), financial speculation on raw materials, and possibly geo-politicalinfluences. The key objective of the resource management category is thereforeto evaluate a country’s ability to deal with rising cost and sustain economicgrowth in the face of rising prices in the global commodity markets.Vital natural resources include water, energy, and raw materials. Most of theresources used today are non-renewable, or only partly renewable: fossil-basedenergy, and minerals. Water aquifers and other natural products (e.g. wood) arerenewable, as long as their capacity is not overused and the replacementpatterns are not drastically altered, e.g. trough depletion, biodiversity loss,pollution, or climate change.Key elements of competitivenessdrivers in the ResourceManagement Sub-IndexResource efficiency indicators are evaluated both in terms of intensity (percapita) and efficiency (relative GDP). The availability of accurate global data isnot as wide as in other criteria, particularly in terms of usage of raw materials.Other than steel & minerals usage, reliable raw material usage statistics are notavailable on a global level. The focus is therefore on energy, energy sources,water, steel usage, as well as GHG emission intensity and productivity. For the fulllist of indicators, refer to the methodology section.21
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The Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index 2019

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