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■CONTENTSxiCommon Patterns of Table and Database Predicates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Unique Identification Predicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Subset Requirement Predicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Specialization Predicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Generalization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Tuple-in-Join Predicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138■CHAPTER 7 Specifying Database Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Documenting Databases and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140The Layers Inside a Database Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Top-Down View of a Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Classification Schema for Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Specifying the Example Database Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Database Skeleton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Characterizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Tuple Universes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Table Universes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Database Universe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183■CHAPTER 8 Specifying State Transition Constraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185More Data Integrity Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185A Simple Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186State Transition Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188State Transition Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190State Transition Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190Completing the Example Database Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197■CHAPTER 9 Data Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Formally Specifying Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Example Queries Over DB_UEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201A Remark on Negations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
xii■CONTENTS■CHAPTER 10 Data Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Formally Specifying Transactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Example Transactions Over DB_UEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236PART 3 ■ ■ ■ The Implementation■CHAPTER 11 Implementing Database Designs in Oracle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242Window-on-Data Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243Classifying Window-on-Data Application Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243Implementing Data Integrity Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247Alternative Implementation Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248Order of Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254Implementing Table Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Implementing Attribute Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259Implementing Tuple Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Table Constraint Implementation Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265DI Code Execution Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266DI Code Serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284Implementing Table Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290Implementing Database Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291Implementing Transition Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296Bringing Deferred Checking into the Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Why Deferred Checking? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Outline of Execution Model for Deferred Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300The RuleGen Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304■CHAPTER 12 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Page 1 and 2: The EXPERT’s VOIce ® in Database
Page 3 and 4: Applied Mathematics for Database Pr
Page 5 and 6: Contents at a GlanceForeword . . .
Page 8 and 9: ContentsForeword . . . . . . . . .
Page 10 and 11: ■CONTENTSixQuantifiers . . . . .
Page 14 and 15: ■CONTENTSxiiiPART 4 ■ ■ ■ A
Page 16 and 17: ForewordWe welcome this contributio
Page 18: About the Authors■LEX DE HAAN stu
Page 22: AcknowledgmentsThis project started
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Page 28 and 29: ■INTRODUCTIONxxviiChapter 12 summ
Page 30: PART 1The MathematicsEverything sho
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CHAPTER 3Some More LogicAs announce
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 49Con
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 51■
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 53∃
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 55Tab
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 63Fin
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68CHAPTER 4 ■ RELATIONS AND FUNCT
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PART 2The ApplicationCe que l’on
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CHAPTER 5Tables and Database States
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CHAPTER 5 ■ TABLES AND DATABASE S
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118CHAPTER 6 ■ TUPLE, TABLE, AND
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140CHAPTER 7 ■ SPECIFYING DATABAS
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186CHAPTER 8 ■ SPECIFYING STATE T
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CHAPTER 9Data RetrievalBy means of
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 201The
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 203Lis
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 205(
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 207¬(
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 209,d.
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 211Not
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 213SEI
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 215and
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 217It
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 219•
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CHAPTER 10Data ManipulationThrough
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CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA MANIPULATION 22
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CHAPTER 11Implementing DatabaseDesi
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CHAPTER 11 ■ IMPLEMENTING DATABAS
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CHAPTER 12Summary and ConclusionsYo
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CHAPTER 12 ■ SUMMARY AND CONCLUSI
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PART 4Appendixes
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312APPENDIX A ■ FORMAL DEFINITION
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APPENDIX BSymbolsTable B-1. Mathema
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APPENDIX CBibliographyThis appendix
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APPENDIX DNulls and Three (or More)
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APPENDIX D ■ NULLS AND THREE (OR
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APPENDIX EAnswers to Selected Exerc
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APPENDIX E ■ ANSWERS TO SELECTED
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368■INDEXclosed world assumption,
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370■INDEXDELETE statement, 229, 2
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372■INDEXMmanaged employees (MEMP
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374■INDEXserialization operator,
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376■INDEXunion operators, 101-102
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