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■CONTENTSxiiiPART 4 ■ ■ ■ Appendixes■APPENDIX A Formal Definition of Example Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311Bird’s Eye Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312Database Skeleton DB_S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Table Universe Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314Some Convenient Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315Table Universe for EMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315Table Universe for SREP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317Table Universe for MEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317Table Universe for TERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318Table Universe for DEPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319Table Universe for GRD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319Table Universe for CRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Table Universe for OFFR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Table Universe for REG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322Table Universe for HIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Database Characterization DBCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324Database Universe DB_UEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325State Transition Universe TX_UEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330■APPENDIX B Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333■APPENDIX C Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Original Writings That Introduce the MethodologyDemonstrated in This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Recommended Reading in the Area of the UnderlyingMathematical Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Seminal Writings That Introduce the General Theoryof Data Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Recommended Reading on Relational DatabaseManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Research Papers on Implementing Data Integrity Constraintsand Related Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336Previous Related Writings of the Authors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
xiv■CONTENTS■APPENDIX D Nulls and Three (or More) Valued Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337To Be Applicable or Not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Inapplicable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338Not Yet Applicable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338Nice to Know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Implementation Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340Three (or More) Valued Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340Truth Tables of Three-Valued Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Missing Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343Three-Valued Logic, Tautologies, and Rewrite Rules . . . . . . . . . . . 343Handling Three-Valued Logic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344Four-Valued Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345■APPENDIX E Answers to Selected Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347Chapter 1 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347Chapter 2 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352Chapter 3 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353Chapter 4 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Chapter 5 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356Chapter 6 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357Chapter 7 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358Chapter 8 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360Chapter 9 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361Chapter 10 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364■INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Page 1 and 2: The EXPERT’s VOIce ® in Database
Page 3 and 4: Applied Mathematics for Database Pr
Page 5 and 6: Contents at a GlanceForeword . . .
Page 8 and 9: ContentsForeword . . . . . . . . .
Page 10 and 11: ■CONTENTSixQuantifiers . . . . .
Page 12 and 13: ■CONTENTSxiCommon Patterns of Tab
Page 16 and 17: ForewordWe welcome this contributio
Page 18: About the Authors■LEX DE HAAN stu
Page 22: AcknowledgmentsThis project started
Page 26 and 27: IntroductionThis book will not try
Page 28 and 29: ■INTRODUCTIONxxviiChapter 12 summ
Page 30: PART 1The MathematicsEverything sho
Page 33 and 34: 4CHAPTER 1 ■ LOGIC: INTRODUCTIONT
Page 35 and 36: 6CHAPTER 1 ■ LOGIC: INTRODUCTION
Page 37 and 38: 8CHAPTER 1 ■ LOGIC: INTRODUCTIONv
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36CHAPTER 2 ■ SET THEORY: INTRODU
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CHAPTER 3Some More LogicAs announce
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 49Con
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 51■
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 53∃
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 55Tab
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 57Dis
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 59(
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 61In
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 63Fin
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CHAPTER 3 ■ SOME MORE LOGIC 654.
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68CHAPTER 4 ■ RELATIONS AND FUNCT
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PART 2The ApplicationCe que l’on
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CHAPTER 5Tables and Database States
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CHAPTER 5 ■ TABLES AND DATABASE S
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118CHAPTER 6 ■ TUPLE, TABLE, AND
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140CHAPTER 7 ■ SPECIFYING DATABAS
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186CHAPTER 8 ■ SPECIFYING STATE T
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CHAPTER 9Data RetrievalBy means of
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 201The
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 203Lis
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 205(
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 207¬(
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 209,d.
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 211Not
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 213SEI
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 215and
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 217It
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CHAPTER 9 ■ DATA RETRIEVAL 219•
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CHAPTER 10Data ManipulationThrough
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CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA MANIPULATION 22
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CHAPTER 11Implementing DatabaseDesi
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CHAPTER 11 ■ IMPLEMENTING DATABAS
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CHAPTER 12Summary and ConclusionsYo
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CHAPTER 12 ■ SUMMARY AND CONCLUSI
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PART 4Appendixes
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312APPENDIX A ■ FORMAL DEFINITION
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APPENDIX BSymbolsTable B-1. Mathema
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APPENDIX CBibliographyThis appendix
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APPENDIX DNulls and Three (or More)
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APPENDIX D ■ NULLS AND THREE (OR
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APPENDIX EAnswers to Selected Exerc
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APPENDIX E ■ ANSWERS TO SELECTED
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368■INDEXclosed world assumption,
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370■INDEXDELETE statement, 229, 2
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372■INDEXMmanaged employees (MEMP
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374■INDEXserialization operator,
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376■INDEXunion operators, 101-102
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