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Available online at www.pharmresfoundation.com ISSN: 2229-3787
Table 1: Hepatoprotective Activity of C. inerme extracts on acetaminophen-induced Hepatotoxicity in mice.
Serum biochemical parameter
Groups Treatment
AST
ALT
ALP Total bilirubin
IU/L
IU/L
IU/L
mg/dl
Group 1 1 % Gum Acacia 49.50±1.36 65.33±1.40 83.42±1.75 2.23±0.08
Group 2 Acetaminophen
( 250 mg/kg) i.p.
Group 3 Acetaminophen 250 mg/kg
i.p. + Silymarin (50 mg/kg)
a, b
62.67±1.03
a, b
70.25±1.87
a, b
113.17±1.30
a, b, c
2.72±0.12
Group 4 Acetaminophen 250 mg/kg
i.p. CIME (200 mg/kg)
a, b
93.00±1.74
a, b
193.75±1.71
a, b
401.50±1.33
a, b, c
0.28±0.024
Group 5 Acetaminophen 250 mg/kg
i.p. + CIME (300 mg/kg)
a, b
78.25±1.40
a, b
151.50±1.60
a, b
367.25±2.04
a, b, c
0.25±0.019
Group 6 Acetaminophen 250 mg/kg
i.p. + CIPE (200 mg/kg)
a, b
110.75±1.75
a, b
196.25±1.66
a, b
486.75±1.02
a, b, c
0.29±0.017
Group 7 Acetaminophen 250 mg/kg
i.p. + CIPE (300 mg/kg)
a, b
76.75±1.17
a, b
179.50±1.90
a, b
397.50±2.02
a, b, c
0.26±0.019
a b c
P < 0.001, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05.
All the values are expressed as Mean ± SEM.; n =6. The data was analyzed by evaluated by One-way analysis of variance
(ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s t-test, Group-2 compared with normal group-1 with a P < 0.001. Experimental groups from-3 to
7 compared with group-2 with b P < 0.01 and c P < 0.05.
158.50±1.33 a
The liver sections of the mice treated with
CIME (200 and 300 mg/kg) of groups 4 and 5 showed
signs of protection as was evident by the absence of
necrosis and vacuoles (Fig. 4 and 5) while the liver
sections of the mice treated with CIPE (200 and 300
mg/kg) of groups 6 and 7 showed reduction in fatty
degeneration and absence of necrosis (Fig. 6 and 7).
Fig. 1: Histopathology of liver of Negative control
group. T.S. of liver revealed normochromatic
hepatocytes (H), occasionally apoptosis, cart wheel
nucleus (CWN) and lipid vacuoles (CV). A good mitotic
index has been observed. H and E, 100x.
129.42±1.76 a
257.83±1.27 a
4.02±0.20 a
Fig. 2: Histopathology of liver of Positive control group.
T.S. of liver revealed hyper chromatic and highly
damaged hepatocytes (H). Large numbers of lipid
vacuoles (LV) have been observed which propelled
nucleus to the periphery of the cell. Frequent apoptosis
(Apop) and necrosis (CWN) with poor mitotic index
have been observed. H and E, 100x.
DISCUSSION
In acute toxicity study, oral administration of
both CIME and CIPE did not produce any mortality in
mice up to a dose level of 3 g/kg body weight. This
may be due to broad non-toxic range of the plant,
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