51 Questions and Answers on COVID-19 by AKANKSHA Jayant Ahirrao

51
Questions &
Answers
on
COVID-19
Akanksha Jayant Ahirrao
(BNYS 1 st Yr)
Y
GA with AKANKSHA

51
Questions
&
Answers
on
COVID-19
Akanksha Jayant Ahirrao
(BNYS 1 st Yr)
Y
GA with AKANKSHA

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Please note the information contained within this document is for educational and
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to date, reliable, complete information. No warranties of any kind are declared or
implied. Readers acknowledge that the author is not engaged in the rendering of
legal, financial, medical or professional advice. The content within this book has
been derived from various sources. Please consult a licensed professional before
attempting any techniques outlined in this book.
By reading this document, the reader agrees that under no circumstances is the
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limited to, errors, omissions, or inaccuracies.

First Edition
April 2020
Author :
AKANKSHA Jayant Ahirrao
(BNYS 1 st Yr)
Published by :
PRAVASIMITRA
( Dr Jayant Ahirrao )
Gurukrupa Building, Sant Kirpal SinghJi Maharaj Road,
DEVLA ( Nashik ) MH – INDIA 423102
Contact No. +919890904747

DEDICATION
This book is Dedicated to
My Grandfather & Grandmother
Dr. Mr & Mrs Ramchandra & Shobhana Ahirrao
who are my Main source of Inspiration..!!

Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Introduction
vi
vii
viii
Questions & Answers on coronavirus COVID-19 10 - 37
References 39
About the Author 40
My Prayer 41

FOREWORD

PREFACE
Nowadays, wherever we go, we can't escape the news about the Coronavirus
(COVID-19). With every day that passes, we get more and more stressed
about the virus reaching our community and becoming a threat to the ones we
love. However, the situation is not as bad as it seems. With every new case that
appears, health officials learn more and more about the virus, bringing us one
step closer to medications and treatments that could cure or even prevent the
infection.
So, our priority in the meantime is stay safe. There are many preventive
measures available to minimize the risk of getting infected or spreading the
disease. Most of those are easy to implement in our daily lives, such as having
good hygiene or being aware of our environment and the people around us.
My Present book focuses on presenting all the relevant information available
about the Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the form of Questions & Answers up until
this point and giving practical advice on how to stay safe. It's a comprehensive
guide on how to survive these difficult times without giving into the overall
sense of panic and anxiety. Being alert and informed is the first step in being
prepared for what's to come.
There is lot of information available from various sources regarding COVID-19..
But, I feel that even after going through it, most of us may have some Questions
un-answered..!! WHO is continuously monitoring and responding to this
outbreak.
In this Q & A about COVID-19, I have covered all topics on how it spreads and
how it is affecting people worldwide.
AKANKSHA Jayant Ahirrao

INTRODUCTION
Today, the Coronavirus outbreak is a global concern. With each passing day
the situation seems to change for the worst. More and more people are
confirmed as infected, the mortality rate goes up slightly with each fatal case
and the virus is making its way outside the Chinese borders. The news outlets
are all over the topic, providing daily or even hourly updates to the
increasingly dire situation. But most articles and news stories seem to focus
more on inducing panic and creating confusion rather than reporting on
scientific facts or promoting prevention measures.
So, for this book, let’s leave the panic aside and see where that brings us. The
Wuhan virus is the first major health threat of 2020, but it’s far from being the
first or the worst health crisis that humanity faced. Before we had the Ebola
virus, Avian influenza, and SARS, with the last on this list actually being a type
of Coronavirus. All were highly contagious and potentially deadly, but none
caused such a visceral reaction from the population. Even if we disregard
those, we have the common flu virus, that causes thousands of deaths early
on, and we don’t hear much about that in the news, do we?
Yes, the Coronavirus outbreak in China is a potential threat. This means that
we all should be alert and informed on the topic. We need to know how the
virus is transmitted, what the symptoms are, how we can protect ourselves
from it, and what we should do if we suspect an infection. Those are practical
things, useful things that keep us safe. Panic gets us nowhere.
This book is a comprehensive guide on the Novel Coronavirus, focusing on
giving accurate information on the topic and spreading awareness of both risks
and prevention measures.
Please note that this book is written on the basis of information available to
the public at the time of writing. Some aspects of this book (number of cases,
spread, mortality rate, information regarding incubation time, or other
unknown aspects of the virus) may not accurately reflect the present situation.

Q & A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)
1) What is a coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness in animals or
humans. In humans, several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory
infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS). The most recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus
disease COVID-19.
2) What is COVID-19?
COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered
coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak
began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
3) What are the symptoms of COVID-19?
The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, tiredness, and dry cough.
Some patients may have aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore
throat or diarrhea. These symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Some
people become infected but don’t develop any symptoms and don't feel unwell.
Most people (about 80%) recover from the disease without needing special
treatment. Around 1 out of every 6 people who gets COVID-19 becomes
seriously ill and develops difficulty breathing. Older people, and those with
underlying medical problems like high blood pressure, heart problems or
diabetes, are more likely to develop serious illness. People with fever, cough and
difficulty breathing should seek medical attention.
4) What should I do if I have COVID-19 symptoms and when should I seek
medical care?
If you have minor symptoms, such as a slight cough or a mild fever, there is
generally no need to seek medical care. Stay at home, self-isolate and monitor
your symptoms. Follow national guidance on self-isolation.

However, if you live in an area with malaria or dengue fever it is important that
you do not ignore symptoms of fever. Seek medical help. When you attend the
health facility wear a mask if possible, keep at least 1 metre distance from other
people and do not touch surfaces with your hands. If it is a child who is sick help
the child stick to this advice.
Seek immediate medical care if you have difficulty breathing or pain/pressure in
the chest. If possible, call your health care provider in advance, so he/she can
direct you to the right health facility.
5) How does COVID-19 spread?
People can catch COVID-19 from others who have the virus. The disease can
spread from person to person through small droplets from the nose or mouth
which are spread when a person with COVID-19 coughs or exhales. These
droplets land on objects and surfaces around the person. Other people then
catch COVID-19 by touching these objects or surfaces, then touching their eyes,
nose or mouth. People can also catch COVID-19 if they breathe in droplets from
a person with COVID-19 who coughs out or exhales droplets. This is why it is
important to stay more than 1 meter (3 feet) away from a person who is sick.
WHO is assessing ongoing research on the ways COVID-19 is spread and will
continue to share updated findings.
6) Can the virus that causes COVID-19 be transmitted through air?
Studies to date suggest that the virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly
transmitted through contact with respiratory droplets rather than through the
air. See previous answer on “How does COVID-19 spread?”
7) Can COVID-19 be caught from a person who has no symptoms?
The main way the disease spreads is through respiratory droplets expelled by
someone who is coughing. The risk of catching COVID-19 from someone with no
symptoms at all is very low. However, many people with COVID-19 experience
only mild symptoms. This is particularly true at the early stages of the disease. It
is therefore possible to catch COVID-19 from someone who has, for example,
just a mild cough and does not feel ill. WHO is assessing ongoing research on

the period of transmission of COVID-19 and will continue to share updated
findings.
8) How can we protect others and ourselves if we don’t know who is
infected?
Practicing hand and respiratory hygiene is important at ALL times and is the best
way to protect others and yourself.
When possible maintain at least a 1 metre (3 feet) distance between yourself
and others. This is especially important if you are standing by someone who is
coughing or sneezing. Since some infected persons may not yet be exhibiting
symptoms or their symptoms may be mild, maintaining a physical distance with
everyone is a good idea if you are in an area where COVID-19 is circulating.
9) What should I do if I have come in close contact with someone who has
COVID-19?
If you have been in close contact with someone with COVID-19, you may be
infected.
Close contact means that you live with or have been in settings of less than 1
metre from those who have the disease. In these cases, it is best to stay at
home.
However, if you live in an area with malaria or dengue fever it is important that
you do not ignore symptoms of fever. Seek medical help. When you attend the
health facility wear a mask if possible, keep at least 1 metre distant from other
people and do not touch surfaces with your hands. If it is a child who is sick help
the child stick to this advice.
If you do not live in an area with malaria or dengue fever please do the
following:
• If you become ill, even with very mild symptoms you must self-isolate
• Even if you don’t think you have been exposed to COVID-19 but develop
symptoms, then self-isolate and monitor yourself

• You are more likely to infect others in the early stages of the disease when
you just have mild symptoms, therefore early self-isolation is very
important.
• If you do not have symptoms, but have been exposed to an infected
person, self-quarantine for 14 days.
If you have definitely had COVID-19 (confirmed by a test) self-isolate for 14 days
even after symptoms have disappeared as a precautionary measure – it is not
yet known exactly how long people remain infectious after they have recovered.
Follow national advice on self-isolation.
10) What does it mean to self-isolate?
Self-isolation is an important measure taken by those who have COVID-19
symptoms to avoid infecting others in the community, including family
members.
Self-isolation is when a person who is experiencing fever, cough or other COVID-
19 symptoms stays at home and does not go to work, school or public places.
This can be voluntarily or based on his/her health care provider’s
recommendation. However, if you live in an area with malaria or dengue fever it
is important that you do not ignore symptoms of fever. Seek medical help. When
you attend the health facility wear a mask if possible, keep at least 1 metre
distant from other people and do not touch surfaces with your hands. If it is a
child who is sick help the child stick to this advice.
If you do not live in an area with malaria or dengue fever please do the
following:
- If a person is in self-isolation, it is because he/she is ill but not severely ill
(requiring medical attention)
• have a large, well-ventilated with hand-hygiene and toilet facilities
• If this is not possible, place beds at least 1 metre apart
• Keep at least 1 metre (3 feet) from others, even from your family members
• Monitor your symptoms daily
• Isolate for 14 days, even if you feel healthy

• If you develop difficulty breathing, contact your healthcare provider
immediately – call them first if possible
• Stay positive and energized by keeping in touch with loved ones by phone or
online, and by exercising yourself at home.
11) What should I do if I have no symptoms, but I think I have been
exposed to COVID-19?
What does it mean to self-quarantine?
To self-quarantine means to separate yourself from others because you have
been exposed to someone with COVID-19 even though you, yourself, do not
have symptoms. During self-quarantine you monitor yourself for symptoms. The
goal of the self-quarantine is to prevent transmission. Since people who
become ill with COVID-19 can infect people immediately self-quarantine can
prevent some infections from happening.
In this case:
• Have a large, well-ventilated single room with hand hygiene and toilet
facilities
• If this is not available place beds at least 1 metre apart.
• Keep at least 1-metre distance from others, even from your family
members.
• Monitor your symptoms daily
• Self-quarantine for 14 days, even if you feel healthy
• If you develop difficulty breathing, contact your healthcare provider
immediately – call them first if possible.
• Stay positive and energized by keeping in touch with loved ones by phone
or online, and by exercising yourself at home.
However, if you live in an area with malaria or dengue fever it is important that
you do not ignore symptoms of fever. Seek medical help. When you attend the
health facility wear a mask if possible, keep at least 1 metre distant from other
people and do not touch surfaces with your hands. If it is a child who is sick help
the child stick to this advice.

12) What is the difference between self-isolation, self-quarantine and
distancing?
Quarantine means restricting activities or separating people who are not ill
themselves but may have been exposed to COVID-19. The goal is to prevent
spread of the disease at the time when people just develop symptoms.
Isolation means separating people who are ill with symptoms of COVID-19 and
may be infectious to prevent the spread of the disease.
Physical distancing means being physically apart. WHO recommends keeping at
least 1-metre (3 feet) distance from others. This is a general measure that
everyone should take even if they are well with no known exposure to COVID-
19.
13) Can children or adolescents catch COVID-19?
Research indicates that children and adolescents are just as likely to become
infected as any other age group and can spread the disease.
Evidence to date suggests that children and young adults are less likely to get
severe disease, but severe cases can still happen in these age groups.
Children and adults should follow the same guidance on self-quarantine and
self-isolation if there is a risk they have been exposed or are showing symptoms.
It is particularly important that children avoid contact with older people and
others who are at risk of more severe disease.
14) Can I catch COVID-19 from the feces of something with the disease?
The risk of catching COVID-19 from the feces of an infected person appears to
be low. While initial investigations suggest the virus may be present in feces in
some cases, spread through this route is not a main feature of the outbreak.
WHO is assessing ongoing research on the ways COVID-19 is spread and will
continue to share new findings. Because this is a risk, however, it is another
reason to clean hands regularly, after using the bathroom and before eating.

15) What can I do to protect myself and prevent the spread of disease?
Basic Protective measures against coronavirus for everyone
Stay aware of the latest information on the COVID-19 outbreak, available on the
WHO website and through your national and local public health authority. Many
countries around the world have seen cases of COVID-19 and several have seen
outbreaks. Authorities in some countries have succeeded in slowing or stopping
their outbreaks. However, the situation is unpredictable so check regularly for
the latest news.
You can reduce your chances of being infected or spreading COVID-19 by taking
some simple precautions:
Wash your hands frequently
Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or
wash them with soap and water properly for 20 seconds at a time.
Why? Washing your hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub
kills viruses that may be on your hands.
Maintain social distancing
Maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet) distance between yourself and anyone who is
coughing or sneezing.
Why? When someone coughs or sneezes they spray small liquid droplets from
their nose or mouth which may contain virus. If you are too close, you can
breathe in the droplets, including the COVID-19 virus if the person coughing has
the disease.
Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth
Why? Hands touch many surfaces and can pick up viruses. Once contaminated,
hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth. From there, the virus
can enter your body and can make you sick.

Practice respiratory hygiene
Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene.
This means covering your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when
you cough or sneeze. Then dispose of the used tissue immediately.
Why? Droplets spread virus. By following good respiratory hygiene you protect
the people around you from viruses such as cold, flu and COVID-19.
If you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical care early
Stay home if you feel unwell. If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing,
seek medical attention and call in advance. Follow the directions of your local
health authority.
Why? National and local authorities will have the most up to date information
on the situation in your area. Calling in advance will allow your health care
provider to quickly direct you to the right health facility. This will also protect
you and help prevent spread of viruses and other infections.
Stay informed and follow advice given by your healthcare provider
Stay informed on the latest developments about COVID-19. Follow advice given
by your healthcare provider, the national and local public health authority or
your employer on how to protect yourself and others from COVID-19.
Why? National and local authorities will have the most up to date information
on whether COVID-19 is spreading in your area. They are best placed to advise
on what people in your area should be doing to protect themselves.
Avoid travelling to COVID-19 hotspots
Keep up to date on the latest COVID-19 hotspots (cities or local areas where
COVID-19 is spreading widely). If possible avoid travelling to places – especially if
you are an older person or have diabetes, heart or lung disease
Why? You have a higher chance of catching COVID-19 in one of these areas.

16) What are the Protection measures for persons who are in or have
recently visited (past 14 days) areas where COVID-19 is spreading?
o
o
o
Follow the guidance outlined above (Protection measures for everyone)
Self-isolate by staying at home if you begin to feel unwell, even with mild
symptoms such as headache, low grade fever (37.3 C or above) and slight
runny nose, until you recover. If it is essential for you to have someone
bring you supplies or to go out, e.g. to buy food, then wear a mask to avoid
infecting other people.
Why? Avoiding contact with others and visits to medical facilities will allow
these facilities to operate more effectively and help protect you and others
from possible COVID-19 and other viruses.
If you develop fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical advice
promptly as this may be due to a respiratory infection or other serious
condition. Call in advance and tell your provider of any recent travel or
contact with travelers.
Why? Calling in advance will allow your health care provider to quickly
direct you to the right health facility. This will also help to prevent possible
spread of COVID-19 and other viruses.
17) Is there a vaccine, drug or treatment for COVID-19?
Not yet. To date, there is no vaccine and no specific antiviral medicines against
COVID-19. However, .people, particularly those with serious illness, may need to
be hospitalized so that they can receive life-saving treatment for complications..
Most patients recover thanks to such care.
Possible vaccines and some specific drug treatments are currently under
investigation. They are being tested through clinical trials. WHO is coordinating
efforts to develop vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat COVID-19.
The most effective ways to protect yourself and others against COVID-19 are to:
• Clean your hands frequently and thoroughly
• Avoid touching your eyes, mouth and nose

• Cover your cough with the bend of elbow or tissue. If a tissue is used,
discard it immediately and wash your hands.
• Maintain a distance of at least 1 metre (3 feet) from others.
18) Does WHO recommend wearing medical masks to prevent the spread
of COVID-19?
• Currently, there is not enough evidence for or against the use of masks
(medical or other) in healthy individuals in the wider community. However,
WHO is actively studying the rapidly evolving science on masks and
continuously updates its guidance.
• Medical masks are recommended primarily in health care settings, but can
be considered in other circumstances (see below). Medical masks should
be combined with other key infection prevention and control measures
such as hand hygiene and physical distancing.
• Healthcare workers
• Why? Medical masks and respirators such as N95, FFP2 or equivalent are
recommended for and should be reserved for, healthcare workers while
giving care to patients. Close contact with people with suspected or
confirmed COVID-19 and their surrounding environment are the main
routes of transmission, which means healthcare workers are the most
exposed.
• People who are sick and exhibiting symptoms of COVID-19
• Why? Anyone who is sick, with mild symptoms such as muscle aches, slight
cough, sore throat or fatigue, should isolate at home and use a medical
mask according to WHO’s recommendation on home care of patients with
suspected COVID-19. Coughing, sneezing or talking can generate droplets
that cause can spread the infection. These droplets can reach the face of
others nearby and land on the surrounding environment. If an infected
person coughs, sneezes, or talks while wearing a medical mask, this can
help to protect those nearby from infection. If a sick person needs to go to
a health facility they should wear a medical mask.

• Anyone taking care of a person at home who is sick with COVID-19
• Why? Those caring for individuals who are sick with COVID-19 should wear
a medical mask for protection. Again, close, frequent and prolonged
contact with someone with COVID-19 puts caretakers at high risk. National
decision makers may also choose to recommend medical mask use for
certain individuals using a risk-based approach. This approach takes into
consideration the purpose of the mask, risk of exposure and vulnerability
of the wearer, the setting, the feasibility of use and the types of masks to
be considered.
19) How to properly wear a medical mask?
If you choose to wear a mask:
1. Before touching the mask, clean hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or
soap and water
2. Take the mask and inspect it for tears or holes.
3. Orient which side is the top side (where the metal strip is).
4. Ensure the proper side of the mask faces outwards (the coloured side).
5. Place the mask to your face. Pinch the metal strip or stiff edge of the mask
so it moulds to the shape of your nose.
6. Pull down the mask’s bottom so it covers your mouth and your chin.
7. Do not touch the mask while you are wearing it for protection.
8. After use, take off the mask with clean hands; remove the elastic loops
from behind the ears while keeping the mask away from your face and
clothes, to avoid touching potentially contaminated surfaces of the mask.
9. Discard the mask in a closed bin immediately after use. Do not reuse the
mask.
10. Perform hand hygiene after touching or discarding the mask – Use
alcohol-based hand rub or, if visibly soiled, wash your hands with soap and
water.
Be aware that there is a global shortage of medical masks (both surgical masks
and N95 masks). These should be reserved as much as possible for health care
workers.

Remember that masks are not a substitute for other, more effective ways to
protect yourself and others against COVID-19 such as frequently washing your
hands, covering your cough with the bend of elbow or tissue and maintain a
distance of at least 1 metre (3 feet) from others. See basic protective measures
against the new coronavirus for more information.
Follow the advice of your national health authority on the use of masks.
20) How long does it take after exposure to COVID-19 to develop
symptoms?
The time between exposure to COVID-19 and the moment when symptoms start
is commonly around five to six days but can range from 1 – 14 days.
21) What is the connection between COVID-19 and animals?
COVID-19 is spread through human-to-human transmission.
We already know a lot about other viruses in the coronavirus family and most of
these types of viruses have an origin in animals. The COVID-19 virus (also called
SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus in humans. The possible animal source of COVID-19
has not yet been confirmed but research is ongoing.
WHO continues to monitor the latest research on this and other COVID-19 topics
and will update, as new findings are available.

22) Can I catch COVID-19 from my pet?
Several dogs and cats (domestic cats and a tiger) in contact with infected
humans have tested positive for COVID-19. In addition, ferrets appear to be
susceptible to the infection. In experimental conditions, both cats and ferrets
were able to transmit infection to other animals of the same species, but there
is no evidence that these animals can transmit the disease to human and play a
role in spreading COVID-19. COVID-19 is mainly spread through droplets
produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks.
It is still recommended that people who are sick with COVID-19 and people who
are at risk limit contact with companion and other animals. When handling and
caring for animals, basic hygiene measures should always be implemented. This
includes hand washing after handling animals, their food, or supplies, as well as
avoiding kissing, licking or sharing food.
23) How to grocery shop safely?
When grocery shopping, keep at least 1-metre distance from others and avoid
touching your eyes, mouth and nose. If possible, sanitize the handles of
shopping trolleys or baskets before shopping. Once home, wash your hands
thoroughly and also after handling and storing your purchased products.
There is currently no confirmed case of COVID-19 transmitted through food or
food packaging.
24) How to wash fruits and vegetables?
Fruits and vegetables are important components of a healthy diet. Wash them
the same way you should do under any circumstance: before handling them,
wash your hands with soap and water. Then, wash fruits and vegetables
thoroughly with clean water, especially if you eat them raw.
25) How likely am I to catch COVID-19?
The risk depends on where you are - and more specifically, whether there is a
COVID-19 outbreak unfolding there.

For most people in most locations the risk of catching COVID-19 is still low.
However, there are now places around the world (cities or areas) where the
disease is spreading. For people living in, or visiting, these areas the risk of
catching COVID-19 is higher. Governments and health authorities are taking
vigorous action every time a new case of COVID-19 is identified. Be sure to
comply with any local restrictions on travel, movement or large gatherings.
Cooperating with disease control efforts will reduce your risk of catching or
spreading COVID-19.
COVID-19 outbreaks can be contained and transmission stopped, as has been
shown in China and some other countries. Unfortunately, new outbreaks can
emerge rapidly. It’s important to be aware of the situation where you are or
intend to go. WHO publishes daily updates on the COVID-19 situation
worldwide.
26) Should I worry about COVID-19?
Illness due to COVID-19 infection is generally mild, especially for children and
young adults. However, it can cause serious illness: about 1 in every 5 people
who catch it need hospital care. It is therefore quite normal for people to worry
about how the COVID-19 outbreak will affect them and their loved ones.
We can channel our concerns into actions to protect ourselves, our loved ones
and our communities. First and foremost among these actions is regular and
thorough hand-washing and good respiratory hygiene. Secondly, keep informed
and follow the advice of the local health authorities including any restrictions
put in place on travel, movement and gatherings.
27) Who is at risk of developing severe illness?
While we are still learning about how COVID-2019 affects people, older persons
and persons with pre-existing medical conditions (such as high blood pressure,
heart disease, lung disease, cancer or diabetes) appear to develop serious
illness more often than others.
28) Are antibiotics effective in preventing or treating the COVID-19

No. Antibiotics do not work against viruses, they only work on bacterial
infections. COVID-19 is caused by a virus, so antibiotics do not work. Antibiotics
should not be used as a means of prevention or treatment of COVID-19. They
should only be used as directed by a physician to treat a bacterial infection.
29) Are there any medicines or therapies that can prevent or cure COVID-
19?
While some western, traditional or home remedies may provide comfort and
alleviate symptoms of COVID-19, there is no evidence that current medicine can
prevent or cure the disease. WHO does not recommend self-medication with
any medicines, including antibiotics, as a prevention or cure for COVID-19.
However, there are several ongoing clinical trials that include both western and
traditional medicines. WHO will continue to provide updated information as
soon as clinical findings are available.
30) Is there any vaccine, drug or treatment for COVID-19?
Not yet. To date, there is no vaccine and no specific antiviral medicine to
prevent or treat COVID-2019. However, those affected should receive care to
relieve symptoms. People with serious illness should be hospitalized. Most
patients recover thanks to supportive care.
Possible vaccines and some specific drug treatments are under investigation.
They are being tested through clinical trials. WHO is coordinating efforts to
develop vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat COVID-19.
The most effective ways to protect yourself and others against COVID-19 are to
frequently clean your hands, cover your cough with the bend of elbow or tissue,
and maintain a distance of at least 1 meter (3 feet) from people who are
coughing or sneezing.
31) Is COVID-19 same as SARS?
No. The virus that causes COVID-19 and the one that caused the outbreak of
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 are related to each other
genetically, but the diseases they cause are quite different.

SARS was more deadly but much less infectious than COVID-19. There have been
no outbreaks of SARS anywhere in the world since 2003.
32) Should I wear a mask to protect myself?
Only wear a mask if you are ill with COVID-19 symptoms (especially coughing) or
looking after someone who may have COVID-19. Disposable face mask can only
be used once. If you are not ill or looking after someone who is ill then you are
wasting a mask. There is a world-wide shortage of masks, so WHO urges people
to use masks wisely.
WHO advises rational use of medical masks to avoid unnecessary wastage of
precious resources and mis-use of masks.
The most effective ways to protect yourself and others against COVID-19 are to
frequently clean your hands, cover your cough with the bend of elbow or tissue
and maintain a distance of at least 1 meter (3 feet) from people who are
coughing or sneezing.
33) How to put on, use, take off and dispose off a mask?
1. Remember, a mask should only be used by health workers, care takers,
and individuals with respiratory symptoms, such as fever and cough.
2. Before touching the mask, clean hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or
soap and water
3. Take the mask and inspect it for tears or holes.
4. Orient which side is the top side (where the metal strip is).
5. Ensure the proper side of the mask faces outwards (the coloured side).
6. Place the mask to your face. Pinch the metal strip or stiff edge of the mask
so it moulds to the shape of your nose.
7. Pull down the mask’s bottom so it covers your mouth and your chin.
8. After use, take off the mask; remove the elastic loops from behind the ears
while keeping the mask away from your face and clothes, to avoid
touching potentially contaminated surfaces of the mask.
9. Discard the mask in a closed bin immediately after use.

10. Perform hand hygiene after touching or discarding the mask – Use
alcohol-based hand rub or, if visibly soiled, wash your hands with soap and
water.
34) How long is the incubation period for COVID-19?
The “incubation period” means the time between catching the virus and
beginning to have symptoms of the disease. Most estimates of the incubation
period for COVID-19 range from 1-14 days, most commonly around five days.
These estimates will be updated as more data become available.
35) Can humans become infected with the COVID-19 from an animal
source?
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are common in animals.
Occasionally, people get infected with these viruses which may then spread to
other people. For example, SARS-CoV was associated with civet cats and MERS-
CoV is transmitted by dromedary camels. Possible animal sources of COVID-19
have not yet been confirmed.
To protect yourself, such as when visiting live animal markets, avoid direct
contact with animals and surfaces in contact with animals. Ensure good food
safety practices at all times. Handle raw meat, milk or animal organs with care to
avoid contamination of uncooked foods and avoid consuming raw or
undercooked animal products.
36) How long does the virus survive on surfaces?
It is not certain how long the virus that causes COVID-19 survives on surfaces,
but it seems to behave like other coronaviruses. Studies suggest that
coronaviruses (including preliminary information on the COVID-19 virus) may
persist on surfaces for a few hours or up to several days. This may vary under
different conditions (e.g. type of surface, temperature or humidity of the
environment).
If you think a surface may be infected, clean it with simple disinfectant to kill the
virus and protect yourself and others. Clean your hands with an alcohol-based

hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Avoid touching your eyes, mouth,
or nose.
37) Is it safe to receive a package from any area where COID-19 has been
reported?
Yes. The likelihood of an infected person contaminating commercial goods is low
and the risk of catching the virus that causes COVID-19 from a package that has
been moved, travelled, and exposed to different conditions and temperature is
also low.
38) Is there anything I should not do?
The following measures ARE NOT effective against COVID-2019 and can be
harmful:
• Smoking
• Wearing multiple masks
• Taking antibiotics (See question 10 "Are there any medicines of therapies
that can prevent or cure COVID-19?")
In any case, if you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing seek medical care
early to reduce the risk of developing a more severe infection and be sure to
share your recent travel history with your health care provider.
39) Is the source of the coronavirus causing COVID-19 known?
Currently, the source of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus (CoV) causing COVID-19 is
unknown. All available evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 has a natural animal
origin and is not a constructed virus. SARS-CoV-2 virus most probably has its
ecological reservoir in bats. SARS-CoV-2, belongs to a group of genetically
related viruses, which also include SARS-CoV and a number of other CoVs
isolated from bats populations. MERS-CoV also belongs to this group, but is less
closely related.
40) How did the first human SARS-CoV-2 infections occur?

The first human cases of COVID-19 were identified in Wuhan City, China in
December 2019. At this stage, it is not possible to determine precisely how
humans in China were initially infected with SARS-CoV-2.
However, SARS-CoV, the virus which caused the SARS outbreak in 2003, jumped
from an animal reservoir (civet cats, a farmed wild animal) to humans and then
spread between humans. In a similar way, it is thought that SARS-CoV-2 jumped
the species barrier and initially infected humans, but more likely through an
intermediate host, that is another animal species more likely to be handled by
humans - this could be a domestic animal, a wild animal, or a domesticated wild
animal and, as of yet, has not been identified.
Until the source of this virus is identified and controlled, there is a risk of
reintroduction of the virus in the human population and the risk of new
outbreaks like the ones we are currently experiencing.
41) Is COVID-19 airborne?
The virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplets
generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. These droplets
are too heavy to hang in the air. They quickly fall on floors or surfaces.
You can be infected by breathing in the virus if you are within 1 metre of a
person who has COVID-19, or by touching a contaminated surface and then
touching your eyes, nose or mouth before washing your hands.
Be Active during COVID-19
42) What is physical activity?
Physical activity includes all forms of active recreation, sports participation,
cycling and walking, as well as activities you do at work and around the home
and garden. It doesn’t have to be exercise or sport – play, dance, gardening, and
even house cleaning and carrying heavy shopping is all part of being physically
active.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, when so many of us are very restricted in our
movements, it is even more important for people of all ages and abilities to be
as active as possible. Even a short break from sitting, by doing 3-5 minutes of
physical movement, such as walking or stretching, will help ease muscle strain,
relieve mental tension and improve blood circulation and muscle activity.
Regular physical activity can also help to give the day a routine and be a way of
staying in contact with family and friends.
43) Why do we need it?
Regular physical activity benefits both the body and mind. It can reduce high
blood pressure, help manage weight and reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke,
type 2 diabetes, and various cancers. It also improves bone and muscle strength
and increases balance, flexibility and fitness. For older people, activities that
improve balance help to prevent falls and injuries. For children, regular physical
activity helps support healthy growth and development and reduce the risk of
disease in later life, and through regular activity, children can develop
fundamental movement skills and build social relationships.
Regular physical activity also improves mental health and can reduce the risk of
depression, cognitive decline and delay the onset of dementia - and improve
overall feelings of wellbeing.
44) How much physical activity is recommended?
WHO has detailed recommendations on the amount of physical activity people
of all ages should do to benefit their health and wellbeing. Here are the
minimum levels recommended :
Infants under the age of 1 year need to
• be physically active several times a day.
Children under 5 years of age
• should spend at least 180 minutes a day in physical activities, with 3-4
year-olds being moderately or vigorously active for an hour a day.

Children and adolescents aged 5-17years
• all children and adolescents should do at least 60 minutes a day of
moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity, including activities that
strengthen muscle and bone, at least 3 days per week.
Adults aged over 18 years
• should do a total of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical
activity throughout the week, or at least 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity
physical activity throughout the week, including muscle-strengthening
activities 2 or more days per week.
• older adults with poor mobility should do physical activity to enhance
balance and prevent falls on 3 or more days per week.
But any physical activity is better than none. Start with small amounts and
gradually increase duration, frequency and intensity over time.
Being active during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging for us all. Because the
opportunities to be physically active seem to be more restricted, it is even more
important to plan in every day the ways to be active and to reduce the time
spent sitting for long periods. Put simply, it is a critical time to ensure we all
move more and sit less.
45) So, how do I stay safe while exercising in COVID-19?
Do not exercise if you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing. Stay home
and rest, seek medical attention and call in advance. Follow the directions of
your local health authority.
If you are able to go for a walk or bicycle ride always practice physical
distancing and wash your hands with water and soap before you leave, when
you get to where you are going, and as soon as you get home. If water and soap
are not immediately available, use alcohol-based hand rub.
If you go to a park or public open space to walk, run or exercise always practice
physical distancing and wash your hands with water and soap, before you leave,
when you get to where you are going, and as soon as you get home. If water

and soap are not immediately available, use alcohol-based hand rub. Follow the
directions of your local health authority in regards to any restrictions on the
number of people with you and/or restrictions on the use of public outdoor play
or exercise equipment.
If you are not regularly active start slowly and with low intensity activities, like
walking and low impact exercises. Start with shorter amounts, like 5-10 minutes,
and gradually build up to 30 minutes or more continuously over a few weeks. It
is better and safer to be active for short periods more frequently than to try and
be active for long periods when you are not used to it.
Choose the right activity so that you reduce the risk of injury and that you
enjoy the activity. Choose the right intensity according to your health status and
fitness level. You should be able to breath comfortably and hold a conversation
while you do light- and moderate-intensity physical activity.
46) How do I stay active in and around the home?
Try and reduce long periods of time spent sitting, whether for work, studying,
watching TV, reading, or using social media or playing games using screens.
Reduce sitting for long periods by taking short 3-5 minute breaks every 20-30
minutes. Simply stand up and stretch or even better, take a walk around the
house, up and down the stairs, or into the garden. By just moving around and
stretching you can improve your health and wellbeing.
Set up a regular routine to be active every day, by planning a physical activity or
exercise break either by yourself, by joining an online class, or by setting up a
time to be active online with your friends or colleagues. Making a specific time
to be active helps ensure you get your daily physical activity. Put the time in
your diary, and it will help remind you. Stick with it, as this will help you build a
regular routine, and help you adjust to new ways of working, study and family
life under COVID-19 restrictions
Be active with your family and friends, connecting with others can help you and
your family in the home and elsewhere spend time together and be active.
Planning time to be active with your children with active games at home, walks

in the parks, or cycling can be a way the whole family can relax, be together and
be active and healthy whilst at home.
Set yourself and your family Be Active goals, by choosing a specific type of
activity, time of day and/or number of minutes you will do every day. Get each
family member to choose their own goal which sets a bit of a challenge but is
realistic with help from family or friends and motivation. Record your progress
on a weekly activity chart and, if you think it would help, reward yourself with
something you value.
More physical activity ideas to help you stay active
For Infants under 1 year of age
• Spend regular time doing floor-based play with your baby in a prone
position (‘tummy time’) and spread this throughout the day while baby is
awake.
For Children under 5 years of age
• Active play in and around the home – invent games which involve being
active and can develop skills in throwing, catching, kicking, as well as
developing posture and balance.
• Active play and games where children get out of breath, such as running
around, skipping and jumping.
For Children and adolescents aged 5-17 years
• Active games and active play with family.
• Join in online active games or activity classes, also look for online physical
education classes as well as exercise routines suitable for adolescents.
• Set up playground games indoors such as Jump rope and hop-scotch –
make up new games and challenges that involve being active.
• Learn a new skill – for example try an learn to juggle.
• Encourage doing some muscle strength training activities such as lifting
weights or use improvised weight such as bottles full of water or sand.

For Adults
• Climb up the stairs as much as you can, think of it as an opportunity to be
active.
• Use household chores as a way to be more physical activity.
• Join in an online exercise class or make up your own routine to music you
enjoy that uses the major muscle groups and raises you heart rate.
• Do some muscle strengthening activities such as lifting weights or
improvise using full bottles of water or simply use your own body weight
and do sets of press ups, sit ups and squats.
• Make time for fun, such as dancing to music.
Where to get more help and information regarding physical activities?
For more ideas for Physical, Mental & Spiritual Fitness, visit my
Facebook Page : YOGA with AKANKSHA
YouTube Channel : YOGA with AKANKSHA
to access to free resources suitable for children of all ages and adults of all
fitness and abilities.
47) How are COVID-19 and influenza viruses similar?
Firstly, COVID-19 and influenza viruses have a similar disease presentation. That
is, they both cause respiratory disease, which presents as a wide range of illness
from asymptomatic or mild through to severe disease and death.
Secondly, both viruses are transmitted by contact, droplets and fomites. As a
result, the same public health measures, such as hand hygiene and good
respiratory etiquette (coughing into your elbow or into a tissue and immediately
disposing of the tissue), are important actions all can take to prevent infection.
48) How are COVID-19 and influenza viruses different?
The speed of transmission is an important point of difference between the two
viruses. Influenza has a shorter median incubation period (the time from

infection to appearance of symptoms) and a shorter serial interval (the time
between successive cases) than COVID-19 virus. The serial interval for COVID-19
virus is estimated to be 5-6 days, while for influenza virus, the serial interval is 3
days. This means that influenza can spread faster than COVID-19.
Further, transmission in the first 3-5 days of illness, or potentially presymptomatic
transmission –transmission of the virus before the appearance of
symptoms – is a major driver of transmission for influenza. In contrast, while we
are learning that there are people who can shed COVID-19 virus 24-48 hours
prior to symptom onset, at present, this does not appear to be a major driver of
transmission.
The reproductive number – the number of secondary infections generated from
one infected individual – is understood to be between 2 and 2.5 for COVID-19
virus, higher than for influenza. However, estimates for both COVID-19 and
influenza viruses are very context and time-specific, making direct comparisons
more difficult.
Children are important drivers of influenza virus transmission in the community.
For COVID-19 virus, initial data indicates that children are less affected than
adults and that clinical attack rates in the 0-19 age group are low. Further
preliminary data from household transmission studies in China suggest that
children are infected from adults, rather than vice versa.
While the range of symptoms for the two viruses is similar, the fraction with
severe disease appears to be different. For COVID-19, data to date suggest that
80% of infections are mild or asymptomatic, 15% are severe infection, requiring
oxygen and 5% are critical infections, requiring ventilation. These fractions of
severe and critical infection would be higher than what is observed for influenza
infection.
Those most at risk for severe influenza infection are children, pregnant women,
elderly, those with underlying chronic medical conditions and those who are
immunosuppressed. For COVID-19, our current understanding is that older age
and underlying conditions increase the risk for severe infection.

Mortality for COVID-19 appears higher than for influenza, especially seasonal
influenza. While the true mortality of COVID-19 will take some time to fully
understand, the data we have so far indicate that the crude mortality ratio (the
number of reported deaths divided by the reported cases) is between 3-4%, the
infection mortality rate (the number of reported deaths divided by the number
of infections) will be lower. For seasonal influenza, mortality is usually well
below 0.1%. However, mortality is to a large extent determined by access to and
quality of health care.
49) What medical interventions are available for COVID-19 and influenza
viruses?
While there are a number of therapeutics currently in clinical trials in China and
more than 20 vaccines in development for COVID-19, there are currently no
licensed vaccines or therapeutics for COVID-19. In contrast, antivirals and
vaccines available for influenza. While the influenza vaccine is not effective
against COVID-19 virus, it is highly recommended to get vaccinated each year to
prevent influenza infection.
Are smokers and tobacco users at higher risk of COVID-19 infection?
50) Are smokers and tobacco users at higher risk of COVID-19 infection?
Smokers are likely to be more vulnerable to COVID-19 as the act of smoking
means that fingers (and possibly contaminated cigarettes) are in contact with
lips which increases the possibility of transmission of virus from hand to mouth.
Smokers may also already have lung disease or reduced lung capacity which
would greatly increase risk of serious illness.
Smoking products such as water pipes often involve the sharing of mouth pieces
and hoses, which could facilitate the transmission of COVID-19 in communal and
social settings.
Conditions that increase oxygen needs or reduce the ability of the body to use it
properly will put patients at higher risk of serious lung conditions such as
pneumonia.

51) How to get tested for coronovirus?
In case you feel your symptoms are specific to the coronavirus, your healthcare
provider can get in touch with CDC or the local healthcare departments for
testing instructions. There are specific labs set up for conducting coronavirus
tests, so you may be directed to one of these labs.
There are different types of coronavirus tests that can be done:
• Swab Test – In this case, a special swab is used to take a sample from your nose
or throat
• Nasal aspirate – In this case, a saline solution will be injected into your nose and,
then a sample is taken with a light suction
• Tracheal aspirate – In this case, a thin tube with a torch, also known as a
bronchoscope, is put into your mouth to reach your lungs from where a sample
is collected.
• Sputum Test – Sputum is thick mucus that gets accumulated in the lungs and
comes out with a cough. During this test, you’re required to cough up sputum in
a special cup or a swab is used to take a sample from your nose.
• Blood test – In this case, a blood sample is taken from a vein in the arm.
A rapid test has also been started for the COVID-19, which involves taking
samples from the nose, throat, and lungs. This ensures a speedy, and accurate
diagnosis and is used in all CDC-approved.
Before the test, the concerned health professionals may request you to wear a
mask during the test. In case there are any other steps that need to be taken,
the healthcare professional can communicate that to you.
WHO continues to monitor the latest research on this and other COVID-19
topics and will update as new findings are available.

#StayHome StaySafe
Just mere mention of the novel Coronavirus causes panic and anxiety to ensue.
But this panic does not come from the severity of the virus or its mortality rate,
but from the fact that it is an unknown pathogen with a hidden agenda. Despite
scientific proof that most of the cases are mild, with symptoms that disappear
on their own, we choose to focus on the few severe cases that led to serious
health conditions and death. It's perfectly normal to be in tune to your
surroundings and inform yourself of the situation. Panic, however, won't get
you anywhere or keep you safe.
If you want to protect yourself and those you hold dear, practice good hygiene
habits. Frequently washing your hands minimizes the chances of spreading virus
particles or putting yourself in contact with harmful pathogens. Avoiding
crowded areas or contact with sick individuals and staying at home when you
show any symptoms will ensure the safety of your community. Most prevention
measures are pretty common to viral infections, and they don't require much
effort to implement in your daily life.
The novel Coronavirus might be scary now, but in a few months, we'll have
ways to detect it in early stages, better treatment options and efficient
prevention methods (vaccines) to keep us safe. Until then, being alert is the
best you can do to protect yourself and your family. Keep calm and don't
indulge in the general sense of panic and anxiety that news reports preach. Stay
connected to regular CDC and WHO updates that focus on the truth and are
overall better sources of information.
Wishing All of U - Safe & Healthy Days ahead..!
#StayHome StaySafe
WHO notes
Notes from Internet
References

About the Author
Akanksha Jayant Ahirrao
was born in a socio-cultured Medical background
family on Dec 27 th 2001 in the Grape City also called
Wine Capital of India i.e. Nashik, Maharashtra.
Since young age she had Love for Science. She developed her Reading and Writing
Hobbies along with many others like Travelling, Trekking, Photography, Music, Dance,
etc.
Her past Achievements include :
Gold Medal in Karate BLACK BELT Championship
Won District level Horse Riding Championship
Champion of Champions Title twice in school days
She is famous by the Title “Shivkanya Akanksha” – a Renowned Motivational Speaker
on Jijau Maa Saheb, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Chhatrapti Sambhaji Maharaj, etc.
At present, she is pursuing her 1 st Year studies in B.N.Y.S. ( Bachelor of Naturopathy
and Yogic Sciences ) from Jaipur. There along with her curriculum, she has Won the
Crown of Miss. Personality 2019-20 and also has Won the J.S Elections for the
Secretary post.
She is Founder and Owner of VacationWale (A Comple Travel Solution unit) and
YOGA with AKANKSHA (Complete Fitness for Mind, Body and Soul).
Nowadays, she has started a YouTube channel and Facebook Page “YOGA with
AKANKSHA” which is benefiting thousands for their Health during COVID-19 Lockdown
period..!!

My PRAYER
God, we entrust to you the families and communities
affected by Coronavirus, wherever they may be.
We pray especially for health care workers,
that you may guide and protect them.
We pray that your Spirit might inspire those
researching new medicines and treatments.
And in the midst of this, keep us strong in faith, hope and love.
Grant us the courage and perseverance to be good neighbours..!!
- Akanksha Jayant Ahirrao