EV1 Inception Workshop Report_CORDIO-IKI-IUCN_11.05.2020_KE

Achieving fair and effective coastal and marine conservation in Kenya
and the Western Indian Ocean region
Inception Workshop Report
Thursday 13 th February 2020
Neptune Resort, Mombasa, Kenya

Table of Contents
1 Opening presentations .......................................................................................................................... 2
2 Project Overview .................................................................................................................................. 3
3 Panel presentations discussion: Current effective LMMA examples and government support ............... 5
4 Governance and potential tools for LMMAs .......................................................................................... 8
5 Sustainable financing of LMMAs ......................................................................................................... 12
6 Closing remarks .................................................................................................................................. 13
7 Annex ................................................................................................................................................. 14
7.1 Agenda .............................................................................................................................................. 14
7.2 Participants List ................................................................................................................................. 17
The contents are the responsibility of CORDIO East Africa and do not necessarily reflect the
views of BMU-IKI

1 Opening presentations
Opening introductory remarks: Charles Oluchina (IUCN)
Charles welcomed all participants to the inception
workshop and the official launch of the Locally
Empowered Area Protection (LEAP) project in Kenya. He
explained that LEAP is building on previous projects and it
has been a journey for the past 3 years. Kenya is the first
country to host the blue economy forum which will also
build up to the June 2020 UN Conference in Lisbon. The
project framework looks at how to achieve a blue planet,
blue people and blue partnerships. The ambition is twofold
to: 1) Build upon local practice, how do we use policy
to influence and strengthen LMMAs? 2) Build on the social network, building capacities to improve
blue economy impacts and explore how people can make change to reverse the tendency of
environment being destroyed.
The principle is to achieve a sustainable marine ecosystem. We are currently facing extensive issues
such as climate change and pollution. Thus, we need to understand the drivers of the external factors
as we have the opportunity to create change, even in a little way. He finished by stating, “I want to
see great engagement, we urge you to focus on solution-oriented actions. Let us have an outcome
that with help us conserve Kenya’s marine systems.”
Regional remarks: Timothy Andrew (Nairobi Convention Secretariat, UNEP)
Tim started by thanking CORDIO and IUCN for the
invite. He further explained that it is a good opportunity
as scientist to be invited to contribute to conservation
from a regional level. The Nairobi Convention works
across 10 countries in the region and is a regional
conservation for marine conservation in the WIO.
LMMAs were developed to address local issues by local
communities. With the understanding that LMMAs are
small defined geographic areas, Tim asked “Why should
they be considered at a wider scale?” Local government
and authorities are and must be involved in conservation.
Timothy explained that we also need to acknowledge that there is an opportunity to share experiences
throughout the region. The LMMA approach is not specific to the ESARO region, it also exists in the
pacific region. Many countries share common challenges and mechanisms such as the Nairobi
Convention can support various countries to address those common challenges.
How can a LMMA assist in addressing issues of marine resource use? Tim suggested the following:
• Comprehensive assessment of Marine Protected Areas/Locally Managed Marine Areas
(MPAs/LMMAs) of the whole country. Especially by assessing the management effectiveness
of MPAs as to measure how countries can report on their engagement to protected 10% of
their marine ecosystems.
• Initiative to develop transboundary network of LMMA between Tanzania and Kenya is
undergoing. MPAs already exist along the coastline in both countries, but the network of
LMMAS can help to fill the gaps between these MPAs.
• Some countries have increased their percentage of marine ecosystem conservation based on
LMMAs networks (e.g. Madagascar, Seychelles, South Africa).

Some common challenges of LMMAs in the region is sustainable financing. Tim raised the following
questions:
• How can LMMAs sustain their management without relying on external funding?
• How do we put in place mechanisms that ensure revenues are generated within the LMMAs
and remain within the LMMA management system?
• How can ecosystem services help to achieve this?
• How can strong partnerships be built with the private sector to achieve LMMA sustainability?
(Madagascar is an example of this)
• How can policy be informed to integrate the support of such initiatives? (e.g. in Tanzania)
The German government supports several projects in the region that focus on transboundary
conservation areas (e.g. Blue Action Fund funded projects) – we need to think about these synergies.
He finished by stating that through a science to policy process, there is a good opportunity for the
LEAP project to engage in this process.
Introduction and official opening of the workshop: Mr. Christopher Musumbu (Secretary
Administration- State Department of Wildlife)
Greetings from the Ministry. Christopher thanked the
participants for attending the meeting. Christopher was
honoured to have the pleasure to launch the LEAP
project being implemented by CORDIO in partnership
with IUCN and IKI which aims at enhancing the
sustainable use of marine and coastal resources of the
region. This year is the year where all the signatories of
the CBD will have to report on their achievement in China
at the CBD CoP. We have the opportunity to build a
better world, to build the future of our oceans and blue
planet. Christopher stated that oceans used to be full of resources, but this is no longer the case. Half
of the planet is under threat including overfishing, global warming, plastic pollutions, etc. However, if
we allow marine ecosystems the space and time to recover, they will be able to sustain a blue
economy again.
In 2018, Kenya hosted a conference on blue economy. The LEAP project will support this on-going
initiative. This project is also a direct contribution to reach the Paris goals as part of the CBD. Mr.
Christopher had the privilege to declare the LEAP project officially launched.
2 Project Overview
LEAP Project overview: Thomas Sberna (IUCN)
LEAP focuses on increasing the resilience of coastal and
marine ecosystems in the WIO region. Thomas
highlighted that impacts of climate change are already
evident today. The next decade is going to be crucial so
we need to take action now. We are the only and last
generation that can do something now - we need to
seize this opportunity to make sure that can we can
bring change for the next decade.
Thomas outlined the main challenges our oceans are
facing:
• Loss of coral reefs. Coral reefs have already decreased 30% globally. This will soon reach 40%
and will contribute toward their extinction.

• Overfishing, and resource waste. Only one third of all fish caught makes it to our plate and is
consumed.
• Marine waste. We are dumping 8 million tons of plastic in the ocean every year. Soon there
will be more plastic than fish in the oceans.
• Ocean acidification. Today water temperatures are at +1 o C, but soon this will increase to +3C
at which point the oceans will not be able to sustain any more life, resulting in dead oceans.
Acidification dissolves shells and corals, which is the basis of the food chain. Thus, if this is to
disappear all the food chain will collapse, including people reliant on marine resources.
The ocean economy is the approximately 2.5% of the global economy which is enormous. How do we
move towards a blue future?
• 1 st : Secure critical ecosystem integrity (blue nature = protecting mangroves and sustainable
fisheries)
• 2 nd : Increase ocean leadership in order to achieve the 1 st goal and to increase the benefit for
local people (blue people at the seascape level includes local fishermen and sustainable
fisheries, with the right policy and legal framework behind)
• 3 rd : Establish partnerships between people in order to achieve the 2 nd goal (blue partnerships
enable science for management, sustainable finances, communication for sharing lessons
learned at national and international levels)
The LEAP project is about securing seascapes so that people can benefit from them in the long term.
The main goal is to enhance coastal and marine socio-ecological resilience and biodiversity. This 4-
year project which started in 2019 covering Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and Seychelles has 4 pillars:
• Improve governance to ensure equitability
• Improve management to achieve effective management and conservation impacts (trainings,
sharing of best practices)
• Knowledge (develop cases studies, Green Listing)
• Advocacy with scientific support, etc.
LMMAs must be a part of the solution and will feed into future meeting for the CBD targets and to
make blue economy thrive again, enabling our blue natural capital to be conserved.
LMMAs in Africa and Kenya: Joan Kawaka (CORDIO)
A short video on LMMAs in Africa was shown.
Joan then presented to provide greater context and
further details of what LMMAs are in Kenya. An LMMA
can either be a:
• Co-management area with established gear
restricted zones, temporary closures and/or no
take zones; or
• Area managed under the community forests
associations.
• The term LMMA has often been used interchangeably with community no take zones or
seasonal closures (NTZ).
LMMAs can provide potential benefits including: the improvement of the marine resource base for
fisheries dependent livelihoods, ecosystem resilience against climate change, an important policy
instrument to achieve CBD targets. The effectiveness of LMMAs has been hampered by poor
compliance, inadequate enforcement of regulations, inadequate ongoing capacity building, lack of
long-term financial sustainability and weak governance.

Through this project, we aim to strengthen existing efforts in LMMAs by:
• Identifying, piloting, and promoting best practices in sustainable financing for LMMA
operations.
• Providing a platform for dialogue and peer-to-peer networking and best practice solutions.
• Reviewing national policy and regulatory frameworks.
• Providing a forum for participatory policy dialogues.
Question and Answer session: Facilitated by Nafeesa Esmail (CORDIO)
Question: With partnerships, how do we nurture networks, i.e. sustainability?
Answer: By thinking about the blue economy agenda, for example, we have invited Emmanuel Nzai
who will present on blue solutions. An aim for this project is sustainability. We have started engaging
hotels among others in the private sector to see how we might be able to work together. Sustainable
finance solutions are a big component of the LEAP project.
Question: How do LMMAs align with current legal frameworks in the counties you are currently
working in?
Answer: The term LMMA is a generic term. In Kenya, we use the term co-management area. There
are equivalent, but different terms used in Tanzania and in Mozambique. LEAP will align itself with the
legal frameworks in the country it is working in.
3 Panel presentations discussion: Current effective LMMA examples
and government support
Kuruwitu: Pioneering LMMA conservation: Dixon Nyanje (Kuruwitu LMMA leader)
Dixon provided a brief history of Kuruwitu Conservation
and Welfare Association and the reasons why the
Kuruwitu LMMA was established. After the coral
bleaching in 1999, there was a decline in fish catches and
fish size since 2002 and this has continued and has
impacted the broader community. Causes of fisheries
decline includes:
• Overfishing;
• Use of unsustainable and illegal gears,
including mosquito nets;
• Increase of fishermen in the area;
• Human damage to coral;
• Aquarium fisheries removing coral and key species;
• Climate change
The Kuruwitu Conservation and Welfare Association (KCWA) was set up in 2003. It benefited from
support from EAWLS and other organization including CORDIO, WCS, KMFRI assisting with research to
determine the areas’ marine resource status. This sparked the conception of creating an LMMA idea
and which drove the initiative to begin. This led to the first LMMA to be set up in Kenya in 2006. KWS
supported the idea as it would contribute to the 10% MPA coverage. KWS and Kenya Fisheries Service
provided consultative influence for the fishers group during the establishment.

Existing challenges the Kuruwitu LMMA still face today include technical gaps, low literacy and high
local community reliance on marine resources.
Wasini: Community coral reef restoration: Omar Abdala Juma (Wasini BMU leader)
Omar gave a brief description of the coral restoration
project being carried out in Wasini island. The Wasini comanagement
area was established in 2009, with tengefu
(NTZ). This is aimed primarily to promote recovery of
degraded areas and mobilize communities to support
ecosystem restoration. There have been over 5000 coral
specimens transplanted since 2014. Wasini is the only
place in East and central Africa where this has been
done; Seychelles in another African example. Women
play a critical role in Wasini’s coral reef restoration.
This initiative is driven by the entire community and in collaboration with government, donor and
research institutions.
The initiative has trained 17 other BMUs on reef restoration, providing an evidence of success.
Lamu: LMMA successes and challenges: George Waweru Maina (TNC)
LMMAs secure communities’ rights to fisheries and other
marine and coastal area resources, including associated
forests and wildlife. The challenges that exist in the Lamu-
Pate LMMA network currently include:
• Rights and ownership.
• Open access nature-overfishing, destructive
gears, habitat degradation/damage.
• Weak governance and management capacity of
institutions.
• Lack of data to manage resources-harvest strategies
• Lack of management plans, few fisheries have a management plan.
• Lack of market-based incentives to encourage sustainable use.
• Lack of diversified livelihoods; alternative, complementary/ supplementary aquaculture.
The legislative and institutional framework (constitution, acts and policies, BMUs, CFAs etc.) are in
place and are supportive.
TNC is taking advantage of co-management approaches that have been adopted internationally. They
use science to help fisher communities improve the design of fisheries zoning plans of their respective
areas. They apply the LMMA Guide to encourage the community to think about their focal fisheries
species, and their ecology (the habits they use, how far they move, how long they take to recover)
and how that should influence designing zoning plans.
Lamu established the first octopus’ closure in Kenya, led by women. This resulted in higher and bigger
catches. This evidence that community conservation efforts can catalyse conservation benefits.
Government support of community-based conservation: Rashid Omar on behalf of Barabara Mwaka
(Kenya Fisheries Service)
Rashid raised the concern that a number of projects target the same people and same aims. How do
we coordinate these projects? The fact that most projects are being implemented in collaboration
with the county government emphasizes the importance of the county government with the
promulgation of the new constitution. County governments need to coordinate themselves to be able

to handle and interrogate the numerous projects that are planned to be carried out in their respective
counties. It is important that they have a documentation of what has been done and where to avoid
concentration in certain sites. His concluded by saying “let us organise ourselves so that all the funds
coming in benefit the people.”
Benefits to people from government Parks and Reserves: Judith Nyunja (Kenya Wildlife Service)
Judith discussed the supportive legislation for
community engagement in MPA management.
Government recognizes that the community needs to
benefit from conservation of wildlife within and outside
Protected Areas. This is the essence of engaging
communities because they live in these unprotected
areas. The policies define how the government should
work with communities. KWS has a very strong
community wildlife agency to effectively engage
communities. These main functions include education,
extension services and community partnerships.
Legislative frameworks exist to support community engagement in MPA management in Kenya. The
Wildlife Act defines the role communities are expected to play, it focuses on the community-wildlife
conservation committees for each county in both Protected and unprotected areas.
Question & Answer session and panel discussion: Facilitated by Joan Momanyi (CORDIO)
Question: What is the evidence of improvements in
income from the community activities? From the
presence of no take zones; Income generating
activities associated with tourism; competitive fish
prices and business agreements; incoming funds to
help manage organization; community water project
so that every person has access to fresh water.
Wasini: Reef restoration; snorkelling, diving. Income
obtained has been used in community schools and
dispensary.
Kuruwitu: The increase of data and information; support to local researchers; tourism-employment in
the area has enabled two boats which can be hired out for fishing.
Question: LMMAs have been shown to provide ecological benefits, but little has been shown to
provide for socioeconomic benefits. What level of socioeconomic benefits do you want to achieve
in the framework of the Blue Economy? With Blue Economy interventions, will it override
conservation initiatives e.g. Dredging, ports?
Research has concentrated on hard science for a long time. Implementing recommendations from the
research is difficult on the ground. How we assess socioeconomic benefits is a big gap. Can we quantify
the benefits communities get from the ecosystem from conservation? There is a big assumption that
ecosystem improves livelihoods. This is an opportunity for research.
Benefits from LMMAs are wide; LMMAs set up protected habitats for fish and life cycles; but benefits
depend on what the target is (short or long). For example, octopus closures target species that are
fast growing and thus communities have been able to see the benefits. Participatory marketing in
Zanzibar after opening closures decided the market. It is critical to think of the target species to protect
in an LMMA.

We must also think holistically, not only in terms of LMMAs alone, but also people and other
development priorities e.g. partnerships with development partners to address conservation and
other socioeconomic priorities.
Question: If you compare MPAs to LMMAs, is the area and biodiversity significant in terms of their
contribution?
Design of PAs was not based on scientific assessments only; connectivity and other aspects are
generally not considered; areas under protection is not adequate hence supporting community
initiatives around government PAs. We can have connectivity of PAs and more benefits such as
resilience and connectivity. Aichi biodiversity targets to increase area to 10% has not been achieved
as a country and supporting LMMAs can help reach this target. It is also about effective managementassessment
of PAs; KWS are keen to work with partners to achieve this.
There are spill overs; but the main question is, is the community benefitting? We need to be true to
ourselves. - Are we part of the problem or solution? What is our motive?
There is loophole in the law. There is no platform to sanction projects implemented to determine
effects of a project. There is need for a platform to assess impact and a need to work together.
Question: Are LMMAs facing externalities that may waste conservation efforts e.g. in Lamu?
Map of zones considered for port areas have been identified, but communities still wanted to have
LMMAs in these zones for compensation, but there are efforts to convince them to avoid these areas.
LMMAs can help fill gaps along coast; bring a convergent approach-national level Marine Spatial
Planning (MSP) for Kenya at a national level and bottom up LMMAs
Question: Have you considered risks for the project and what strategies to take to manage risks;
particularly in terms of sustainability for the benefit of people and conservation?
An M&E framework has been established to ensure we deliver on ground. We will try to take an
adaptive management style being opportunistic and proactive.
There is a need for more forums for CORDIO and IUCN to empower BMUs, BMU networks and
government accountability; query management plans; push the government to act.
Question: Presentations show LMMAs have been successful, have there been failures and what are
the learning lessons?
Not answered
Question: From fishers, what are the local challenges you are facing and how are you addressing
these?
• Education and awareness to schools to reduce dependence on fisheries and focus on
education
• Low levels of education or lack of it in some areas.
• To minimize inshore fishing, locals need modern gears for offshore fishing.
• Convincing community members to embrace conservation (particularly the older generation).
• Poachers have the mindset that fish has increased and target the conservation areas
• Fishing equipment received were received from the county government, but fishermen leased
or sold them.
• Most fishers do not want to accept the laws: “ Babu yako aliwahi kutumia sheria hizi” - (Did
your grandfathers follow these laws?)
4 Governance and potential tools for LMMAs
PANORAMA and how it can showcase LMMAs: Marie Fischborn (IUCN)

PANORAMA is a partnership that promotes solutions for nature conservation and sustainable
development. All solutions should have a tangible impact. Elements have the potential to be applied
in an integrated manner for both environment and development challenge. It fosters peer to peer
learning not only through an online platform, but also through face-to-face meetings, comms, contests
(i.e. Pathfinder award)
Learning from what works: Identify solution, analyse with owners, support to document; promote
through various channels. PANORAMA aims to facilitate replication and it provides networking
solution providers with potential replicators. It is universally applicable and building blocks are
adapted, combined and used to develop a new solution. It provides better decision making and
implementation of solutions by building on what works. There are 579 solutions by 475 providers from
117 countries.
It provides a planning, assessment and sustainable management tools. Shortlist of Kenyan LMMA
solutions to be profiled and respective solution story line-key aspects to highlight based on demands
for knowledge sharing. PANORAMA identifies appropriate solution providers/knowledge owners
committed to documenting the knowledge and to be acknowledged
Overview of the IUCN’s Green List, Governance assessment report in Kenya and relevant tools for
LMMAs: Beatrice Chataigner (IUCN)
Greenlist was developed by IUCN. It focuses on
protected and conserved areas. It is an international
standard and can be used as a tool that countries can
use to demonstrate they are achieving the CBD targets.
The Green list manual is available online and it is based
on the best practice guidelines
It works for PA whose primary goal is conservation and
OECM who can achieve conservation outcomes even if
they do not have conservation as primary goal.
Greenlist explores PAs and CAs that are fairly governed, effectively managed and achieving their
conservation outcomes. GL is meant to recognize and inspire others; incentive-lessons learned from
different areas; Standards with indicators grouped into four components (Legitimacy and voice;
direction, performance, accountability, fairness and rights) and standards based on IUCN best practice
guidelines.
Benefits of being Green Listed.
• Access to the GL network of members and experts
• Get opportunities to develop, learn and share knowledge, expertise and innovations
• Receive technical support to improve performance and address specific challenges
• Get opportunities to raise financial support to enhance PAs
There are few community groups which have done Green Listing. This will be the first time this is being
applied in a marine ecosystem, and therefore adaptation is needed.
Question & Answer session: Facilitated by Francis Musau (IUCN)
Question: How simple is the process for doing the assessment? What do we really need to do in the
coastal region, specifically? How long does it take?
It is a self-assessment process and you work with a mentor (trained by the Green List team) who will
guide the process. It can take one year or even five depending on the entity to achieve Green List
status.

Question: Once it is listed, is it a permanent listing? Will there be continuous monitoring etc?
If you meet all standards, you are listed for 5 years; after which time you will be asked to re submit an
application. This is a revaluation to ensure it is at the same level and has not decreased.
Question: Green Listing seems to be a bias towards terrestrial? What aren’t we doing well?
No reason for that, Green Listing can be applied to all systems, including marine. It’s not anything that
we aren’t doing well, it is merely because its new and there are much fewer marine protected areas.
Question: Tenureship is a major factor in marine conservation, is this key in Green listing?
As long as you comply with definition of protected areas (IUCN definition) it doesn’t matter who the
land belongs to.
Breakout sessions with exercises
The objective of the working group was to understand the concept of governance and the principles
that it encompasses by adapting those principles and applying them to an LMMA. Given the limited
time, the work group session focused on the following governance principle: “legitimacy and voice”.
Participants were split into two county groups (Kilifi and Kwale) and tasked to answer the following
questions:
• What would be the objective of an LMMA network to contribute to the blue economy?
• Which stakeholders should be involved in a network of LMMAs?
• What should their roles and responsibilities be? (to operationalise the LMMA network)
Kilifi County
Objectives • Protect common resources through
sustainable fisheries
• Increase connectivity of ecosystems
• Harmonize control of gears
• Strengthen the voices through
collective lobbying and advocacy
• Share knowledge across networks
Stakeholders • BMUs
• CBOs
• CDA
• CFA
• Coast guard
• County fisheries
• Hotels Association
• Kenya Fisheries Service
• Kenya Forest Service
• KMFRI
• KWS
• NEMA
• NGOs
• Private Sector
• Scientists
Kwale County
• Advocacy (Speak with one voice)
• Social benefits
• Ecological benefits
• Economic benefits
• Coast Development Authority
• Coast guard
• Community Forest Association
• Farmers
• Fish processors
• Govt bodies
• Hoteliers
• International Donors
• KCNRN
• KMFRI
• Kenya Maritime Authority
• KIRDI
• KWS
• Local administration
• Media

Roles and
Responsibilities
• State Department of Fisheries
• Tourism Regulatory Authority
• Universities
• Capacity Building
• Law enforcement
• Marketing
• Research
• Medical institutions
• Ministry of Agriculture
• National Museums of Kenya
• NEMA
• NGOs (i.e. CORDIO, TNC)
• State Dept of Fisheries
• Universities (local)
• Water Resource Management
Authority (WARMA)
• Capacity building
• Financiers
• Management
• Marketing
• Policy
• Research
• Technical coordination
Group 1: Kilifi County
Group 2: Kwale County
Comments from the group work:

• It was unique to note that both groups had almost similar outputs particularly the
stakeholders listed
• Could consider grouping stakeholders based on the thematic areas e.g. research, enforcement
5 Sustainable financing of LMMAs
Blue carbon as a potential financing mechanism for LMMA: Lilian Mwihaki (KMFRI)
Blue Carbon encompasses mangroves, salt marshes and sea grass. Mangroves store the greatest
amount of carbon and have high value i.e. produce
harvestable goods (poles and fuel), support biodiversity
conservation, shoreline protection and climate
regulation through carbon sequestration. However,
mangroves face the following threats: overharvesting,
pollution, climate change, encroachment and
agriculture.
Mikoko Pamoja, a community-led project in the south
coast of Kenya was set up with the main objective:
Restoration and protection of mangroves through the
sale of carbon credits. The project involves the following activities: reforestation of degraded
mangrove areas, avoided deforestation, surveillance of illegal forest activities, education, awareness
and forest monitoring. The project supports 6 SDGs and they are pushing for mangrove inclusion in
the NDCs.
A new project in Vanga was recently started (Jun 2019) which adds value to 3 villages consisting of
9,000 people. Learnings from Mikoko Pamoja has been adapted and incorporated into another blue
carbon credit project in Madagascar.
Leakage is a challenge for any carbon sequestration project – this is mitigated by creating wood lots,
shifting the pressure from mangroves to the forest.
Making the blue economy work for local communities: Emmanuel Nzai (Jumuiya)
Jumuiya ya Kaunti ya Pwani (JKP) is an economic development agency which works in the 6 coastal
counties with the aim of making the blue economy
work for Jumuiya Communities. Their mandate is to
coordinate 6 counties and stakeholders to align
policies, harmonise on the cross-sectoral elements, and
promote investment opportunities (i.e. how can more
investments be brought in).
JKP has adopted the triple helix model to involve
Academia; Industry: corporations, and Government.
The structure of the implementation sectoral working
group is quarterly meetings with the ambition to raise
USD 8 Billion for county government, investors by 2030. The funds are available, but it is a question of
how priorities and projects can be aligned:
• Flagship opportunities for JKP:
o Adoption into the County Integrated Development Plans (CIDPS).
o 3 billion of the 8 billion to go to blue economy.
o What are the issues LMMAs face and who interacts with them?
o Each county forms an investment company-i.e. Invesco, which contributes funds to
the Jumuiya fund

o Go blue EU: Catalytic funding secured to jumpstart Jumuiya 2030 plan
• 10 BMU focus, including old town, shelly beach, Shimoni – Vanga, Mtwapa, Ngomeni, Kipini,
Amu, Lake Jipe
• There is opportunity for partnerships and commitment will change the story and should be
locally driven. Would like to further the discussion for collaborative implementation which be
100% locally driven.
Emmanuel was interested in knowing the selected LEAP project sites because there are major projects
coming up that should be considered that may interfere with initiatives, an example being: Shimoni
port and Special economic zone.
Question & Answer session: Facilitated by Thomas Sberna (IUCN)
Question: Is there estimated USD amount per ha for carbon sequestration?
Hard to calculate due to productivity and different species. 3000T per annum sell between 6-12 USD;
106 ha; USD 15,000 per year; (potential is 60 USD per year). Market is promising as the demand
increasing and currently supply is not meeting demand.
Question: How many BMUs will you select for every county to benefit from Blue Economy?
Kwale is within the Shimoni-Vanga system and thus all the BMUs included within it. Jumuiya is focusing
on these because of what is happening at the Shimoni port, an economic zone is planned and the
number of fishermen to be impacted is based on where the greatest impacts can be felt.
Question: Have you covered of the essence of connectivity in these fisheries? How adjacent areas
adjacent areas are influenced?
We work within and build on the mandate of the county. The interconnection of the natural
environment and blue economy go hand in hand.
Question: How do you ensure that the people who purchase carbon credits do not come back and
create more carbon into the ecosystems? You might have a company that is doing terrible things
and justifies this through purchasing carbon (i.e. green washing).
There are no means to verify that buyers do not introduce more carbon into the ecosystems. The
agency works on the belief system that outfitting the purchase of carbon has good intentions for
conservation. In any case, justifying this may take quite a long time. For now, we can take advantage
of the situation by restoring more mangrove areas to supply carbon credits.
6 Closing remarks
Thomas Sberna thanked everyone for their contribution and participation in the meeting and he
looked forward to further engagement.

7 Annex
7.1 Agenda
Achieving fair and effective coastal and marine conservation
in Kenya and the Western Indian Ocean region:
Neptune Resort, Mombasa, Kenya
Thursday 13 th February 2020
Background and Objectives
The LEAP Workshop is an official national inception and orientation event for the BMU IKI
funded four-year project called Locally Empowered Area of Protection (LEAP). Participants
have been invited who represent Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) and Marine
Protected Areas (MPAs) practitioners, from a diversity of institutions, including policy
makers, scientists, technical and financial partners. The programme will showcase a breadth
of examples of protected and conserved areas including existing LMMAs and government
supported MPAs approaches in Kenya.
We greatly value your active participation and contribution as we will use this opportunity to
encourage sharing of approaches, lessons learnt and challenges to support the implementation
of future long-term sustainable strategies to support LMMAs. We will also ask you to help us
develop recommendations for effective governance of LMMAs in Kenya

AGENDA
9h00 - 09h40
Opening Presentations
Facilitator: Francis Musau, (PhD)
9h00 - 9h10 Opening Introductory remarks (10 min) Charles Oluchina - IUCN
9h15 - 9h25 Regional remarks (10min) Timothy Andrew – Nairobi
Convention
9h30 - 9h40 Workshop opening from Government
(10 Min)
Mr. Christopher Musumbu
Secretary Administration
State Department for Wildlife
9h40 - 10h30
Project overview
Facilitator: Nafeesa Esmail – CORDIO
9h40 – 10h00 LEAP Project Overview (20 min) Thomas Sberna - IUCN
10h00 - 10h20
Short Film: “LMMAs in Africa” (10 min)
Effective LMMAs in Kenya: Why communitybased
management (10 min)
Joan Kawaka – CORDIO
10h20 – 10h30 Q&A (10 min) Nafeesa Esmail – CORDIO
10h30 – 11h
11h - 12h30
11h00 - 11h10
Coffee break
Panel presentations discussion: current effective LMMA examples and government
support
Facilitator: Joan Momanyi – CORDIO
Benefits to people from government Parks and
Reserves (10 min)
Judith Nyunja - Kenya Wildlife
Service
11h12 – 11h22
Government support of community-based
conservation (10 min)
Barabara Mwaka - Kenya
Fisheries Service
11h24 – 11h34 Kuruwitu: Pioneering LMMA conservation (10
min)
11h36 – 11h46 Wasini: Community coral reef restoration (10
min)
Dixon Nyanje - Kuruwitu LMMA
leader
Omar Abdala Juma - Wasini BMU
leader
11h48 – 11h58 Lamu: LMMA successes and challenges (10 George Waweru Maina - TNC
min)
12h00 – 12h30 Facilitated Q&A, Panel discussion (30 min) Joan Momanyi – CORDIO
12h30 – 13h30
Lunch

13h30 - 16h30
13h30 – 13h40
13h40-14h10
Governance and potential tools for LMMAs
Facilitator: Francis Musau, (PhD) – IUCN
PANORAMA and how it can
showcase LMMAs
(10 min)
Overview of the IUCN’s Green List,
Governance assessment report in
Kenya and relevant tools for LMMAs
(30 min)
Thomas Sberna / Marie
Fischborn –
IUCN
Beatrice Chataigner - IUCN
14h10 – 14h20 Q&A (10 min) Francis Musau – IUCN
14h20 – 15h50
Breakout sessions with exercises
(1h30min)
Group 1:
Beatrice Chataigner, Peter
Musembi, Joan Momanyi and
Francis Musau
15h50 – 16h10
Coffee break
Group 2:
Joan Kawaka, Nafeesa Esmail,
Thomas Sberna and Lenice
Ojwang’
16h10 – 16h30 Report back to plenary (20min) All
16h30 – 17h00
Sustainable financing of LMMAs
Facilitator: Thomas Sberna – IUCN
16h30 – 16h40 Blue carbon as a potential financing
Lilian Mwihaki - KMFRI
mechanism for LMMAs
(10min)
16h40 – 16h50 Making the blue economy work
Emmanuel Nzai - Jumuiya
for local communities
(10min)
16h50 – 17h00 Q&A (10 min) Thomas Sberna – IUCN
17h00 Closure Thomas Sberna - IUCN
17h30
Reception

7.2 Participants List