The Joy of Sharing Science No.2, Everything you need to know about COVID-19 Biology Supplement

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Joy of Sharing Science 2020This newspaper is an independent initiative of Uskudar American Academy volunteer students.The Joy of Sharing Science is a weekly newspaper that explores the physics/biology/chemistrybehind interesting real life phenomena in a concise and easily understandable way. Each week,3 phenomena concerning physics, chemistry, and biology will be published. The aim of thisproject is to explore the science hidden in plain sight, evoke curiosity, and elevate scientificliteracy.Advisor: Yasemin Sarıhan, Head of Science Department UAAEditor: Fazıl Onuralp Ardıç, Senior studentIssue Authors:Naire AltunkeserElif Demir,Ceylin Gün,Mehmet Efe Kılıç,Ada Özgirin,Ece Paksoy,Eda Paksoy,Selin Eda Sağnak,İrem Yaşa,Yasemin Yüksel,Senior studentJunior studentJunior studentJunior studentSenior studentJunior studentJunior studentJunior studentSenior studentJunior studentFor your feedback, suggestionsContact: uaajoss@gmail.comCover art: from free license: <a href='https://www.freepik.com/vectors/background'>Backgroundvector created by freepik - www.freepik.com</a>
Etiology and the Source ofCOVID-19Ada ÖzgirinCoronaviruses are a family of RNA viruses; they inject their geneticinformation via an RNA message. The common cold and severe acuterespiratory syndrome (SARS) are examples of such viruses. COVID-19and SARS are unique among this family because they originate fromanimal coronaviruses. COVID-19’s genome has been recentlypublished in GenBank and it is known that its genetic composition isvery similar to SARS and MERS. Even though there are many genomesequencing techniques, the most efficient technology is Nextgenerationsequencing methods.Next-generation sequencing (hereafter referred to as NGS) has recentlyrevolutionized genomic research. It has enabled whole genomes to be sequenced ina matter of hours while the human genome was first sequenced in 13 years. In NGS,the most basic principle is that millions of individual nucleotide fragments aresequenced simultaneously in parallel capillary tubes. In this technology, DNApolymerase enzymes incorporate fluorescently dyed deoxyribonucleotidetriphosphates (dNTPs) into template DNA strands during DNA synthesis. Thesmall fragments of dyed DNA strands are separated through the capillary tubes, thesmallest fragments travel faster so at the end of these capillaries the strands areseparated according to their sizes. The dNTPs that are used have distinct colors foreach nucleotide so when a laser detects these distinct colors at the end of the
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Page 9 and 10: How does theepidemiology of COVID-1
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Page 13 and 14: How do pre-existingconditions affec
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Page 17 and 18: What is the relationbetween gender,
Page 19 and 20: What is the relation between gender
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Page 25 and 26: Where are we on COVID-19treatment?N
Page 27 and 28: Where are we on COVID-19 treatment?
Page 29 and 30: Clinical Trials for COVID-19Ceylin

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