Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Tourism Sector

More documents

Recommendations

Info

5 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Tourism Sector Frameworks, Tools and Practices 74 Mitigation Box 16: Reduction of Aviation Emissions: Lessons from Costa Rica Tourism Destination and Situation: Reduction of emissions from aviation; compensation of remaining emissions through offsets. Climate Change Impact: Even though Nature Air is not carbon neutral, in the sense that its aircraft still emit greenhouse gasses, the airline uses comparably effi cient aircraft and compensates for emissions through solar- and wind farm projects. The airline is comparably small with just 7 aircraft. Mitigation Tools, Techniques, Policies or Measures: NatureAir is the fi rst airline to offset all of its emissions. Furthermore, NatureAir operates aircraft with low noise levels. In 2002, the airline started a non-profi t organization to teach low income children English reading and writing skills. The program involves efforts to clean up water in smaller communities and collect and recycle garbage. Environmental lessons are given to children. Organization(s) Implementing Tools, Techniques, Policies or Measures: www.natureair.com 5.3.2 Cars: tourists, rentals, businesses Cars are the most widely used means of transport for tourism when both domestic and international trips are considered. Most cars used by tourists are private cars, even though rental cars have become increasingly important, particularly when visitors have arrived by other means of transport such as air, coach or train, and want to remain mobile at the destination. Clearly, both tourists using their own cars as well as car rentals have a considerable infl uence on emissions through their choice of automobiles. The general rule is that smaller, lighter and less powerful cars driven at lower speeds can substantially reduce energy use and emissions. For instance, one of the most effi cient cars currently on the market, the Volkswagen Polo BlueMotion, uses 3.8 L of fuel per 100 km (mixed driving, i.e. city and major roads), resulting in emissions of 99 g CO per km (www. 2 volkswagen.de). Other options include electricity-powered, hybrid vehicles, or cars using biofuels. Electric vehicles, including buses or trolleys, charged with renewable energy cause no air pollution during operations and are thus attractive particularly for tourism within cities or protected areas. Hybrid vehicles recharge batteries, which in turn power an electric motor, reducing overall fuel use. For instance, Toyota’s Prius uses 4.3 L fuel per 100 km (mixed driving). Finally, biofuels can reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, as biomass used for the production of biofuels has earlier removed carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, the production of biofuels still causes signifi cant CO emissions, as it still involves the 2
Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Tourism Sector Frameworks, Tools and Practices use of fossil fuels (e.g. involving transports, fertilizer). The production of biofuels can also have implications for biodiversity, for instance when old-growth forests are cut down to be replaced with plantations for biofuels. Biofuels are thus a more ambiguous option to reduce the impact of transports on the global climate. Ideally, tourists, car rentals and businesses should: a) Promote the use of low-emission cars Tourists can favour small cars with low emissions (
Page 1 and 2:
United Nations Environment Programm
Page 3 and 4:
Climate Change Adaptation and Mitig
Page 5 and 6:
Foreword Climate Change Adaptation
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Introduction 1
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Climate Change and Tourism 2
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Key Knowledge Gaps Related to Devel
Page 37 and 38: Climate Change Adaptation and Mitig
Page 43 and 44: 4 Adaptation
Page 69 and 70: 4.7 Additional Adaptation Case Stud
Page 79 and 80: Mitigation 5
Page 87: Climate Change Adaptation and Mitig
Page 113 and 114: Ideally, destinations could seek to
Page 123 and 124: Plan for the Way Forward and Challe
Page 129 and 130: l Additional Information Sources 7
Page 137 and 138: Glossary Climate Change Adaptation
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
About the UNEP Division of Technolo
show all

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Tourism Sector

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?