Taxon16rpt_norvell2011 - International Mycological Association
Taxon16rpt_norvell2011 - International Mycological Association
Taxon16rpt_norvell2011 - International Mycological Association
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TAXON 60 (1) • February 2011: 223–226 Norvell • Report of the Committee for Fungi<br />
PR O POSAL S TO CO NSERVE O R R E J EC T NA M E S<br />
Edited by John McNeill, Scott A. Redhead & John H. Wiersema<br />
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi: 16<br />
Lorelei L. Norvell<br />
Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, Portland, Oregon 97229-1309, U.S.A.; llnorvell@pnw-ms.com<br />
Summary The following five generic names are recommended for conservation: Cladia against Heterodea; Hemipholiota against<br />
Nemecomyces; Lactarius with conserved type; Mixia against Phytoceratiomyxa; Stirtonia A.L. Sm. against Stirtonia R. Br.<br />
bis; the following five specific names are also recommended for conservation: Aspicilia aquatica against Lichen mazarinus;<br />
Dermatocarpon bucekii (Placopyrenium bucekii) against Placidium steineri; Hebeloma cylindrosporum against Hebeloma<br />
angustispermum; Psoroma versicolor (Degeliella versicolor) against Psoroma subdescendens; Thelephora comedens (Vuilleminia<br />
comedens) with conserved type. Lecidea epiploica is recommended for rejection under Art. 56 and it is recommended<br />
that Verrucaria thelostoma and Pyrenula umbonata not be rejected under Art. 56. As a result of reference under Art. 53.5, it is<br />
recommended that the following two pairs of names be treated as homonyms: Calongea Healey & al. and Calongia D. Hawksw.<br />
& Etayo; and Phyllocratera Sérus. & Aptroot and Phyllocrater Wernham.<br />
The previous report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi<br />
(Report 15) appeared in Taxon 59: 291–293. 2010; the current report<br />
constitutes Committee recommendations determined from<br />
votes received by the Secretary during the October 11–November<br />
15 (2010) voting period. Those voting on this Ballot 2010–2 were<br />
J.L. Crane (Urbana-Champaign, Illinois), V. Demoulin (Liege),<br />
D.L. Hawksworth (Madrid/London), T. Iturriaga (Caracas), P.M. Kirk<br />
(Egham), P.-G. Liu (Kunming), T. May (Melbourne), J. Melot (Reykjavík),<br />
L.L. Norvell (Portland, Oregon), S.R. Pennycook (Auckland),<br />
C. Printzen (Frankfurt), S.A. Redhead (Ottawa), S. Ryman (Uppsala),<br />
and D. Triebel (München).<br />
A 9-vote minimum is required for the 14-member Committee to<br />
recommend or reject a proposal for conservation. Outcomes below<br />
are reported as Yes : No : More Discussion + Abstention. Percentages<br />
are based on our membership total.<br />
Proposals to conserve or reject names<br />
(1810) Conserve the name Hemipholiota against Nemecomyces<br />
(Agaricales, Basidiomycota). Proposed by Jacobsson & Holec<br />
in Taxon 57: 641–642. 2008. Votes – 12 : 1 : 1 (86% recommend conservation).<br />
Pholiota destruens (Brond.) Gillet (= Hemipholiota populnea<br />
(Pers. : Fr.) Bon) and Nemecomyces mongolicus Pilát represent two<br />
names with conspecific types. Hemipholiota (Singer) Bon was proposed<br />
as a subgenus of Pholiota in 1951 (validated in 1962) and as<br />
genus in 1980 (validated in 1986). Nemecomyces was proposed in 1933<br />
for a Mongolian fungus that its young author did not recognize as a<br />
mushroom already well known in Europe and North America. Noting<br />
that Nemecomyces was essentially “published by mistake,” Jacobsson<br />
& Holec propose to conserve the basionym Pholiota destruens (type<br />
species for Hemipholiota) for a genus DNA sequence analyses support<br />
as distinct from Pholiota.<br />
The proposal passed with little comment, although two members<br />
did observe that an author’s age is irrelevant. One member further<br />
noted that both Hemipholiota and Nemecomyces were names equally<br />
rarely used (at genus level) but that the similarity of Hemipholiota to<br />
Pholiota was as good a reason as any to conserve the former.<br />
(1828) Conserve Aspicilia aquatica against Lichen mazarinus<br />
(Ascomycota, Pertusariales, Megasporaceae). Proposed by Nordin<br />
& Jørgensen in Taxon 57: 989. 2008. Votes – 12 : 0 : 2 (86% recommend<br />
conservation).<br />
Aspicilia aquatica (Fr.) Körb. (1855) is the currently accepted<br />
name for a widely distributed crustose lichen. When Du Rietz (1915)<br />
transferred the oldest name available for the species (Lichen mazarinus<br />
Wahlenb., 1812) to Lecanora, citing A. aquatica among the<br />
synonyms, he unfortunately also cited as synonyms names now associated<br />
with species accepted as distinct from L. mazarina. Conflicting<br />
opinions regarding the integrity of the species name and its application<br />
have led to a confused species concept. Nordin & Jørgensen<br />
propose to conserve Aspicilia aquatica (“the generally accepted and<br />
less often misapplied name”) to prevent replacement by the “obscure<br />
and taxonomically misused epithet mazarina.” Committee members<br />
voiced no opposition to conservation.<br />
(1829–1830) Reject the names Verrucaria thelostoma (1829)<br />
and Pyrenula umbonata (1830) (lichenized Ascomycota). Proposed<br />
by Jørgensen in Taxon 57: 990–991. 2008. Votes – (1829) 1 : 11 : 2 and<br />
(1830) 2 : 10 : 2 (71%/79% do not recommend rejection).<br />
The species now accepted as Pyrenocarpon flotowianum<br />
(Hepp.) Trevis. (1855, bas. Verrucaria flotowiana Hepp. 1853)<br />
was earlier referenced by “thelostoma” (Verrucaria thelostoma<br />
J. Harriman in Winch, 1807) and “umbonata” (Pyrenula umbonata<br />
Ach..1810). Noting that the first was based on a poorly developed<br />
specimen that has “puzzled lichenologists for centuries” and the<br />
second on a similarly undeveloped and misunderstood duplicate<br />
retained by Acharius in his herbarium, Jørgensen proposed to reject<br />
those names in favor of Pyrenocarpon flotowianum, a name that has<br />
remained constant since it was established as the type species, in<br />
order to minimize taxonomic confusion and preserve nomenclatural<br />
stability.<br />
However, after Proposals 1829–1830 were published, Coppins<br />
& Aptroot (in Lichenologist 40: 372. 2008) found that there was no<br />
reason to reject either Verrucaria thelostoma or Pyrenula umbonata,<br />
as they had located two more specimens (in excellent condition)<br />
of the type collection of V. thelostoma, which they transferred to<br />
223
Norvell • Report of the Committee for Fungi<br />
Pyrenocarpon. In view of the more recent information, the Committee<br />
does not support rejection of either earlier name.<br />
(1831) Conserve the name Mixia against Phytoceratiomyxa<br />
(Basidiomycota). Proposed by Sugiyama & Katumoto in Taxon 57:<br />
991–992. 2008. Votes –12 : 1 : 1 (86% recommend conservation).<br />
Mixia C.L. Kramer (1959) was introduced to accommodate<br />
Taphrina osmundae Nishida (lectotypified by Sugiyama & Katumoto,<br />
2008), which molecular analyses place in Pucciniomycotina<br />
(Basidiomycota), not Taphrinales (Ascomycota). The species has been<br />
associated with Mixia and exemplified as an enigmatic fungus in<br />
systematic and phylogenetic papers since first introduced. The monotypic<br />
Phytoceratiomyxa Sawada (1929), based on a single collection<br />
of P. osmundae (a putative myxomycete fern parasite), was listed by<br />
Greuter & al. (1993) as a generic myxomycete name in current use<br />
but was later cited as a “nom dub?” in the Dictionary of Fungi (Kirk<br />
& al., 2001). Discovery that both names represent the same basidiomycete<br />
species gives the earlier named genus, Phytoceratiomyxa,<br />
nomenclatural priority. The Committee agrees that conservation of<br />
the better known Mixia will prevent disruption that might be caused<br />
by adopting the lesser used name, Phytoceratiomyxa.<br />
(1862) Conserve the name Psoroma versicolor (Degeliella versicolor)<br />
against Psoroma subdescendens (lichenized Ascomycota,<br />
Pannariaceae). Proposed by Fryday & Coppins in Taxon 58: 293.<br />
2009. Votes – 12 : 0 : 2 (86% recommend conservation).<br />
In combining Degeliella versicolor (Müll. Arg) P.M. Jørg. (2004),<br />
Jørgensen originally cited Lecanora versicolor Hook. f. & Taylor<br />
(1844) as basionym. Although Lamb (1963) had declared the basionym<br />
an illegitimate later homonym of Lecanora versicolor (Pers.)<br />
Ach. (1810), under Art. 58.1 the name was available as Psoroma versicolor<br />
Müll. Arg. (1888). Müller’s name, however, was published a<br />
few months after Psoroma subadscendens Nyl. (1888), which had<br />
been proposed for a South American collection now thought to represent<br />
the same taxon. Nonetheless, all recent floras have used either<br />
Psoromidium versicolor (Müll. Arg.) D.J. Galloway (1983) [pre-2004]<br />
or Degeliella versicolor [after 2004], while Psoroma subadscendens<br />
was last used in 1953. Conservation of the name Psoroma versicolor<br />
will leave Psoroma subadscendens available to represent the South<br />
American collection, should future research determine it to represent a<br />
separate species. The proposal was recommended without controversy.<br />
(1897) Reject the name Lecidea epiploica (lichenized Ascomycota).<br />
Proposed by Jørgensen & Nordin in Taxon 58: 1003–1004. 2009.<br />
Votes – 13 : 0 : 1 (93% recommend rejection).<br />
Lecidea epiploica Norman (1867) is a little-used name based<br />
on an unusual lichen specimen now accepted under a younger name,<br />
Calvitimela perlata (Haugan & Timdal) R. Sant. (2004). First named<br />
Lecidea (! Lecidella) bullata (Körber) Th. Fr. (1874), nom. illeg.,<br />
non Lecidea bullata Meyen & Flotow (1843), the taxon was renamed<br />
Lecidea bullosa A. Zahlbr. (1925). Magnusson, however, who later<br />
discovered that Fries had misinterpreted Körber’s original concept,<br />
proposed for Fries’s material another illegitimate homonym Lecidea<br />
perlata H. Magn. (1931) [non Lecidea perlata Hue (1915)], an epithet<br />
later adopted when the taxon was reclassified as Tephromela perlata<br />
Haugan & Timdal. (1994), a legitimate name subsequently transferred<br />
to Calvitimela. The proposal that the “already forgotten name” Lecidea<br />
epiploica be rejected to maintain nomenclatural stability and thus<br />
avoid introducing yet another new name was recommended without<br />
controversy.<br />
224<br />
TAXON 60 (1) • February 2011: 223–226<br />
(1898) Conserve the name Stirtonia A.L. Sm. (lichenized Ascomycota,<br />
Arthoniales) against Stirtonia R. Br. bis (Bryophyta, Dicranales).<br />
Proposed by Frisch & Thor in Taxon 58: 1004. 2009. Votes<br />
– 12 : 0 : 2 (86% recommend conservation).<br />
The name Stirtonia was applied first in 1920 to a monotypic<br />
moss genus Stirtonia (type: S. mackayi R. Br. bis) and secondly in<br />
1926 to a small group of tropical lichens Stirtonia A.L. Sm. (type:<br />
S. obvallata (Stirt.) A.L. Sm.). After Brotherus transferred S. mackayi,<br />
the type of Stirtonia, to the moss genus Trematodon in 1901,<br />
T. mackayi has been used continuously, with S. mackayi cited only<br />
in the original publication. The lichen genus Stirtonia, on the other<br />
hand, now accommodates 14 rare, seldom-collected species, is well<br />
established among tropical lichenologists, and has been “in continuous<br />
scientific use to the present day.” A third name, Stirtonia<br />
Van Wyk & Schutte (1994), is an illegitimate third homonym for a<br />
vascular plant genus already replaced by Stirtonanthus Van Wyk<br />
& Schutte.<br />
As Stirtonia R. Br. bis has not been used except in the original<br />
description and as there is “no older name available for Stirtonia<br />
A.L. Sm.,” the proposers seek to conserve the lichen genus Stirtonia<br />
to ensure taxonomic stability rather than propose a new generic name<br />
for 14 species, even though that would leave no separate generic name<br />
for S. mackayi, should it be shown generically distinct from the type<br />
of Trematodon.<br />
After Nomenclature Committee for Bryophyta Secretary Klazenga<br />
informed the Committee that it is unlikely that bryologists<br />
would object to relinquishing Stirtonia, the proposal passed without<br />
further comment.<br />
(1899) Conserve the name Hebeloma cylindrosporum against<br />
Hebeloma angustispermum (Basidiomycota). Proposed by Vesterholt<br />
& al. in Taxon 58: 1005. 2009. Votes –13 : 1 : 0 (93% recommend<br />
conservation).<br />
This common European agaric, which is one of the six most<br />
intensively studied ectomycorrhizal fungi due to its culturability,<br />
has been cited in 585 publications from 30 countries under the name<br />
Hebeloma cylindrosporum Romagn. (1965). Grilli (2006) recently declared<br />
the little-known H. angustispermum A. Pearson (1951) synonymous<br />
with H. cylindrosporum, a synonymy since supported by ITS<br />
sequence analyses of the holotypes. Vesterholt & al. propose H. cylindrosporum<br />
for conservation to preserve nomenclatural stability. They<br />
further dismiss challenge by an even earlier synonym—H. spoliatum<br />
(Fr.) Gillet (1876)—noting that Grilli’s (1997) proposed synonym is<br />
yet to be accepted generally, the basionym (Agaricus spoliatus Fr.<br />
1838) has not been typified, and H. spoliatum was described from a<br />
montane habitat, not a lowland habitat as for H. cylindrosporum. No<br />
opposing arguments were presented in Committee.<br />
(1918) Conserve the name Dermatocarpon bucekii (Placopyrenium<br />
bucekii) against Placidium steineri (lichenized Ascomycota,<br />
Verrucariaceae). Proposed by Senkardesler in Taxon 59: 294. 2010.<br />
Votes – 12 : 0 : 2 (86% recommend conservation).<br />
The name Placidium steineri, first proposed in a list of lichens<br />
from Turkey published in a larger publication by Wettstein, has been<br />
variously attributed to J. Steiner, who determined the taxon as new,<br />
and Wettstein, who named the species to honor Steiner. Although<br />
transferred to Dermatocarpon by Zahlbruckner, the name appears<br />
not to have been otherwise accepted after its publication in 1889.<br />
Examination of the holotype shows that it is synonymous with Placopyrenium<br />
bucekii, a name well established in numerous floras all
TAXON 60 (1) • February 2011: 223–226 Norvell • Report of the Committee for Fungi<br />
over its distribution range throughout the Mediterranean and Southeast<br />
Asia. Senkardesler proposes to conserve “an uncontested species<br />
name in current use” over a forgotten and relatively unknown one.<br />
No opposing arguments were presented in Committee.<br />
(1919) Conserve the name Lactarius (Basidiomycota) with a conserved<br />
type. Proposed by Buyck & al. in Taxon 59: 295–296. 2010.<br />
Votes – 11 : 2 : 1 (79% recommend conservation).<br />
Current multi-gene sequence analyses support four major<br />
phylogenetically distinct clades for species previously distributed<br />
between Lactarius and Russula. The recent transfer of one clade<br />
to Multifurca Buyck & al. (2008) leaves the remaining Russula species<br />
“firmly within a monophyletic ‘Russula’ clade.” The two other<br />
well-supported clades belong to a paraphyletic Lactarius, a large<br />
mushroom genus with over 400 species. The first clade includes<br />
species commonly placed in L. subg. Piperites, Plinthogali, Russularia,<br />
Colorati, Tristes, Rhysocybella, and all sequestrates previously<br />
classified in Arcangeliella, Zelleromyces, and Gastrolactarius. The<br />
second clade contains 20%–25% of the currently described Lactarius<br />
species now placed in L. subg. Lactarius, Lactifluus, Lactariopsis,<br />
and Russulopsis along with other unassigned species. The currently<br />
listed lectotype of the conserved generic name Lactarius, which falls<br />
into the second clade, is L. piperatus, lectotypified by Earle (1909)<br />
and first cited as type in the 1988 Code (and hence established unless<br />
another type is conserved – Art. 14.8) when the orthography of the<br />
genus was conserved.<br />
Two other names previously cited as lectotype of the generic<br />
name—L. torminosus (selected by Singer, 1936) and L. deliciosus<br />
(selected by Singer & Smith, 1946)—apply to common well-known<br />
taxa that “belong to the generic clade that does not include L. piperatus<br />
but … comprises most of the well known northern hemisphere<br />
taxa that are part of the various revisions and monographs of the<br />
genus.”<br />
So as to limit the number of name changes resulting from recognition<br />
of two phylogenetically supported genera, Buyck & al. propose<br />
L. torminosus as conserved type for Lactarius because L. torminosus,<br />
“clearly part of [Persoon’s] protologue of the genus,” is currently<br />
type of the primary and diverse subg. Piperites, its diagnostic white<br />
latex color is the most common in the genus (unlike the orange latex<br />
characterizing L. deliciosus, the other possible lectotype), and original<br />
material cited in the sanctioning work is available. Lectotypification<br />
of Lactarius by L. torminosus would leave most current Lactarius<br />
names unchanged and avoid “hundreds of combinations” in the forgotten<br />
genus Lactariella while those in the “piperatus” clade would<br />
revert to Lactifluus, where numerous significant combinations already<br />
exist. Although a few widely used names would still need to be<br />
transferred, conservation of L. torminosus would limit name changes<br />
to about 90 species, many fewer than the number required “if the type<br />
is not conserved as proposed.”<br />
Many comments were raised in Committee regarding whether<br />
(1) a type should be changed based on the number of species affected,<br />
(2) nomenclature should follow phylogenetic-based taxonomy<br />
(3) the phylogeny related by the authors was accurate, and (4)<br />
the proposed change in type would lead to nomenclatural stability.<br />
In the end the proposal passed with only two opposing votes and<br />
one abstention.<br />
(1926) Conserve the name Cladia against Heterodea (Ascomycota).<br />
Proposed by Lumbsch & al. in Taxon 59: 643. 2010. Votes –<br />
12 : 0 : 1 (86% recommend conservation).<br />
Molecular data from 2000 show Heterodea Nyl. (1868), currently<br />
represented by its type (H. muelleri) and a second species added in<br />
1978, nested within Cladoniaceae, where it is currently classified.<br />
The name Cladia was introduced in 1870 in a Ramalina monograph<br />
for three species, the validly published C. aggregata and two<br />
others (retipora, schizopora) referred to only by epithets in the accusative<br />
and lacking basionyms and author citations but which were<br />
“unique published fungal epithets applied to lichens prior to 1870”<br />
that indirect evidence ties to Baeomyces retiporus and Cladonia<br />
schizopora. Filson (1981) was the first to lectotypify Cladia with<br />
C. aggregata; the combinations C. retipora and C. schizopora were<br />
validated later. Currently 14 species are accepted in Cladia, a genus<br />
that has been classified in Cladoniaceae or in the separate Cladiaceae.<br />
Current (2010) molecular research, which shows that Heterodea<br />
nests not only within Cladoniaceae but also within Cladia, indicates<br />
that the two genera are “best regarded as congeneric,” an inference<br />
also supported by morphological characters and chemistry. Heterodea<br />
is represented by two Australian species while the 14 species in<br />
Cladia are widely distributed throughout the Southern Hemisphere.<br />
As the name Cladia has been widely used in numerous publications<br />
and no authors have ever included the genus within Heterodea, the<br />
authors propose the well-established Cladia for conservation against<br />
Heterodea. The proposal was recommended without discussion.<br />
(1945) Conserve the name Thelephora comedens (Vuilleminia<br />
comedens) with a conserved type (Basidiomycota). Proposed by<br />
Ghobad-Nejhad & Hallenberg in Taxon 59: 1277–1278. 2010. Votes<br />
– 14 : 0 : 0 (100% recommend conservation).<br />
The name Thelephora comedens Nees : Fries is currently applied<br />
to a “basidiomycetous corticioid fungus presently known as Vuilleminia<br />
comedens (Nees : Fr.) Maire,” the type of Vuilleminia Maire.<br />
The epithet comedens is typified by a color drawing of a specimen<br />
in UPS that appears not to have been examined by anyone (including<br />
Fries) since publication of T. comedens in 1816–1817; the authors are<br />
unaware of any other Fries or Nees specimens representing T. comedens<br />
and regard the UPS specimen as the only extant material. The<br />
specimen does not conform to the current concept of V. comedens but<br />
rather represents a Hyphoderma. To preserve the stability of the species<br />
concept with the name, the authors have proposed as a conserved<br />
type a specimen collected by Petrak from Quercus, which they regard<br />
as representing T. comedens as currently recognized. The proposal<br />
passed without comment.<br />
Recommendations on cases of near homonymy<br />
(under Art. 53.5)<br />
(1) Calongea Healey & al. in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 66(51):<br />
27. 2009 (Pezizaceae) and Calongia D. Hawksw. & Etayo in<br />
Lichenologist 42: 355–359. 2010 (mitosporic fungi).<br />
Votes – 13 : 0 : 1 (93% considered the names are sufficiently alike<br />
to be confusable). It is recommended that they be treated as homonyms.<br />
(2) Phyllocratera Sérus. & Aptroot in Aptroot & al., Biblioth.<br />
Lichenol. 64: 132. 1997 (Phyllobatheliaceae) and Phyllocrater<br />
Wernham in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 42: 90. 1914 (Dicotyledones,<br />
Rubiaceae).<br />
Votes – 9 : 5 : 0 (64% considered the names are sufficiently alike<br />
to be confusable). It is recommended that they be treated as homonyms.<br />
The lower support shown in the second case is due to the fact<br />
that two different kingdoms (Fungi vs. Plantae) were represented.<br />
225
Brummitt • Report of the Committee for Vascular Plants TAXON 60 (1) • February 2011: 226–232<br />
Also included on the ballot was a poll to determine the view of<br />
the Committee on the applicability of Art. 60.1 to the elements ‘rhiz,’<br />
‘rrhiz,’ ‘riz,’ or ‘rriz’ within a name, a source of continued discussion<br />
among mycologists. Eighty-six percent (12 : 1 : 1) of the full Committee<br />
considered that the element ‘rhiz,’ ‘rrhiz,’ ‘riz,’ or ‘rriz’ within a<br />
226<br />
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 62<br />
R.K. Brummitt<br />
The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, U.K.; r.brummitt@rbgkew.org.uk<br />
Summary The following nine generic names are recommended for conservation: Crataegus against Mespilus; Dasymaschalon<br />
against Pelticalyx; Eubotrys Nutt. against Eubotrys Raf.; Goniothalamus against Richella; Heteromeles to make legitimate;<br />
Mallotus against Trevia; Photinia with conserved type; Planchonella additionally against Iteiluma and Peuciluma; and Teesdalia<br />
to make legitimate. The following 13 specific names are also recommended for conservation: Acacia goetzei against A. andongensis;<br />
Achillea pannonica against A. seidlii; Alstroemeria presliana with conserved type; Dodecatheon jeffreyi against D. jeffreyanum;<br />
Echium laevigatum with conserved type; Eucalyptus camaldulensis with conserved type; Malus toringoides against<br />
Pyrus bhutanica; Potentilla bipinnatifida against P. normalis and P. missourica; and P. stolonifera against P. sprengeliana;<br />
Prunus serotina with conserved type.; Rosa virginiana Mill. against R. virginiana Herrm.; Sedum rupestre with conserved type;<br />
and Sisyrinchium bermudiana with conserved type. The following two names are not recommended for conservation: Acacia<br />
willardiana against Prosopis heterophylla; and Astrocaryum aculeatum with conserved type. The following 17 specific names<br />
are recommended for rejection under Art. 56: Alstroemeria albiflora; Amaryllis africana; Cephalanthera oregana; Colchicum<br />
tenorei and C. todaroi; Dodecatheon meadia var. puberulum; Epidendrum caninum; and E. trilabiatum Vell.; Festuca pannonica;<br />
Ficus taab; Fritillaria alba; and F. racemosa; Koeleria nitida; Orchis montana; Ornithogalum flavum; Potentilla dissecta and<br />
P. retusa. The following two names are not recommended for rejection under Art. 56: Acer pictum; and Aster bracteolatus.<br />
The following work is recommended to be added to App. VI (Opera utique oppressa): J. de A. Pinto da Silva, Diccionario de<br />
Botanica Brasilieira, 1873. As a result of reference under Art. 53.5, it is recommended that the following three pairs of names<br />
be treated as homonyms: Gymnoleima Decne. and Gymnolaema Benth. & Hook. f.; Calea L. and Calia Terán & Berlandier;<br />
and Fimbristylis breviculmis Boeck. and F. breviculma Govind. As a result of reference under Art. 32.4, it is recommended<br />
that Dipteryx oleifera Benth. be treated as validly published and that Cusparia Humboldt be treated as not validly published.<br />
The previous report of this committee appeared in Taxon 59:<br />
1271–1282. 2010. Those voting on proposals in this report were W. Applequist<br />
(St. Louis), R.K. Brummitt (Kew, Secretary), G. Davidse (St.<br />
Louis), R. de Mello-Silva (São Paulo), I. Friis (Copenhagen, Chairman),<br />
K. Gandhi (Cambridge, Massachusetts), C.E. Jarvis (London),<br />
R. Kiesling (Mendoza), H.-W. Lack (Berlin), H. Ohashi (Sendai),<br />
G. Perry (Perth, W.A.), J. Prado (São Paulo), J.P. Roux (Cape Town),<br />
P.A. Schäfer (Montpellier), A. Sennikov (Helsinki), M. Thulin (Uppsala)<br />
and P. Vorster (Stellenbosch). A minimum of 11 votes is required<br />
for recommendation by this committee that a proposal for conservation<br />
or rejection of a name or publication be accepted or rejected.<br />
Proposals to conserve or reject names<br />
(1834) To reject Colchicum tenorei Parl. (Colchicaceae). Proposed<br />
by R. Govaerts & K. Persson in Taxon 57: 995–996. 2008.<br />
Votes: 14–3 (recommended).<br />
This has to be seen alongside an earlier work by one of the proposers,<br />
Persson (in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: especially p. 180. 2007). It was<br />
argued that the original description was based on a mixture of C. cilicicum,<br />
a species from Turkey to Syria with yellow anthers, and C. lusitanum<br />
from Portugal which has purplish anthers. It was said by D’Amato<br />
in 1957 that these were naturalised in Italy as escapes from cultivation.<br />
Colchicum tenorei is said to be in current use in cultivation for a plant<br />
name should be spelled as written by the original author. Demoulin’s<br />
Prop. 185 (in Taxon 59: 1611. 2010), adding the phrase, “[t]he spelling<br />
used by a sanctioning author is treated as conserved, except if it<br />
is to be corrected or standardized under Art. 60,” to Art. 15.1, is an<br />
outgrowth of this discussion.<br />
which has 2n = 72 chromosomes resembling C. cilicicum – but not identical<br />
with it – and C. cilicicum has 2n = 54 and C. lusitanum 2n = 108. In<br />
2007 a lectotype for C. tenorei was chosen which is clearly C. cilicicum.<br />
The latter has priority only from 1898, while C. tenorei was published<br />
in 1860. It is unusual to propose rejection completely of a name which<br />
is in current use, and the committee has wondered whether a conservation<br />
proposal to typify C. tenorei with a specimen of the plant currently<br />
under this name would have been better than the lectotypification in<br />
2007 and proposal to reject it in 2008. However, the committee has<br />
voted with some hesitation to recommend acceptance of the proposal.<br />
(1835) To reject Colchicum todaroi Parl. (Colchicaceae). Proposed<br />
by R. Govaerts & K. Persson in Taxon 57: 995–996. 2008.<br />
Votes: 17–0 (recommended).<br />
As in the case of C. tenorei above, it is said that the original<br />
material was a mixture. The type cited is from Italy and not Turkey/<br />
Syria, but it is said to be C. cilicicum. Colchicum todaroi published<br />
in 1860 is the earlier name. Again there seems to be confusion in details,<br />
but nobody seems to want to use C. todaroi and the committee<br />
recommends acceptance of the proposal.<br />
(1836) To reject Koeleria nitida Ten. (Poaceae). Proposed by<br />
A. Quintanar & S. Castroviejo in Taxon 57: 996. 2008. Votes: 15–2<br />
(recommended).