11 UPS Systems UPS Batteries Generators

Which UPS System Technologies Do I Require?
There a number of Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS System) technologies offered, all of which
have various pros and cons. This article intends to help guide you inside the right choice for the
application. Get much more data about click to read more
All UPS Systems consist of a rectifier which converts your typical mains AC power into DC power, an
inverter that converts DC power into AC power, and an energy storage medium that is commonly
lead acid batteries.
You'll find 3 primary UPS technologies - Offline, Line Interactive and Online Double Conversion - and
two diverse types of inverter - square wave (also referred to as pseudo-sine wave or modified sine

wave) and sine-wave.
An Offline UPS gives fundamental levels of power protection. There's typically a degree of surge
suppression incorporated and when the input mains voltage goes out of tolerance (that is also
high/low or fails) the UPS inverter starts up and offers power to your equipment. There is certainly a
break inside the mains supply when this occurs in the region of 10-20 thousands of a second that will
usually go unnoticed by the majority of equipment. The inverter in offline UPS is practically
practically constantly a square wave.
A line interactive UPS is similar to an offline UPS but has the added benefit of voltage regulation. This
means that it's going to minimize the mains voltage if it goes as well high (named "buck") or raise the
mains voltage when it goes too low (known as "boost"). It can do that without reverting to battery
and hence conserve battery life. Due to the fact a line interactive UPS has an inline transformer,
additionally, it delivers in-built filtering and therefore a greater degree of power protection. Like the
offline types, there is certainly also a break during the transition from mains power to battery
power. In greater high quality line interactive units, this break may be as low as only 2 to 4
thousandths of a second. Line Interactive UPS Systems include square wave as well as sine wave
inverters.
The online double conversion UPS System is considered by lots of to provide the highest levels of
power protection. The inverter is always on, and offers power towards the load. This means that
there is no deviation in output voltage and no break if the UPS reverts to battery power. The output
waveform in an online UPS System will almost constantly be a sine-wave, usually of very high quality
and can boost the operation of certain equipment. An online double conversion UPS also features a
bypass circuit, which makes it possible for power to be continually fed for your load even when the
UPS develops a fault or is overloaded.
In deciding upon your technologies you have to think about:

The power consumption of your load
The type of load you've got
How critical your load is
The atmosphere in which the UPS will sit
The needed runtime
Your budget
Your regular UK socket outlet is rated at 13Amps which signifies probably the most power you may
draw from a UK outlet is 3KVA, or 3KW. (Power Measurement will likely be covered within a
separate paper). Above this level (for specialist equipment, or hardwired installations) most UPS is
going to be online double conversion technology because the economies of scale start out creating
other technologies non price effective. Under this level, nevertheless all technologies are offered,
while above around 2KVA, line interactive systems start out to come to be heavy and unwieldy
resulting from the size of transformer that's expected.
In case your load is created up of laptop kind power supplies, then both square wave and sine wave
products will power this equipment adequately. In case your load consists of motors, transformers,
pumps or other inductive elements (around the input power provide) then square wave systems are
certainly not appropriate and also you should opt for a sine-wave system.
Any load that is certainly susceptible to mains disturbances for example in analytical equipment or
audio applications should really also opt for a sine-wave system. Exactly where mains distortions
impact equipment efficiency then you must opt for online double conversion exactly where a pure
sine-wave is often present.

If your load is crucial for operation then the improved benefit of online double conversion
technology need to be used. This supplies more security against all power disturbances and also the
comfort of a fall-back bypass in case a fault develops together with the UPS. You could want to
parallel together UPS and once again, this can only be accomplished with online double conversion
UPS. (We'll cover parallel systems and redundancy in a separate paper). For those who have a
Computer exactly where you happen to be hunting for easy battery backup to cease annoyance
rebooting or tripping then an offline or line interactive unit would suffice.
Offline and line interactive UPS Systems are typically quiet in operation and usually do not utilise
cooling fans in typical operation (generally). This implies they are appropriate to be placed in an
office or home environment. Online Double Conversion UPS systems need forced cooling and can be
really noisy and for that reason tend to not be suitable for use in an office atmosphere.
Should you are running your UPS in conjunction with an emergency backup generator then the
benefits of online double conversion technologies come for the fore, as the UPS will cover for any
transition to generator operation as well as give a constant unchanging power source during
generator get started up and any shifts that could occur in frequency and or voltage throughout load
switching.
Offline UPS have a tendency to be the smallest of all technologies so can be beneficial to supply
emergency ride by means of for regions where space is at a premium.
Long runtimes on UPS are improved handled with online UPS Systems. This is because they're
created to operate continually in the inverter. In which case it doesn't matter in the event the input
power is in the rectifier or the battery - the operation is the exact same. Offline and Line Interactive
units have a tendency to not be developed for this continuous operation. (Battery selection and
runtime might be covered within a separate paper.) It is also unwise to power any equipment having
a square wave inverter for any prolonged time period as you might bring about degradation to
electronic elements. Square wave systems are developed to let simple pc systems to ride by means
of brief power outages or time for you to shut down a system inside the event of a prolonged power
cut.

You might have already created up your thoughts which technology you will need, but let's take a
look at relative expenses. Offline UPS systems used to be by far the least expensive. Nonetheless
today an offline UPS and a line interactive square wave unit are normally related prices. Online
Double Conversion used to be far more expensive than other technologies, but now is comparable
to a top quality sine-wave line interactive UPS.
With regard to running costs, the offline UPS could be the most efficient as in normal operation the
input power goes straight by means of to the load, so the only power loss will be to preserve the
battery float charged and power the UPS logic. Line Interactive units are similar in efficiency but
experience far more losses resulting from the transformer expected for the buck and increase
facility. Online Double Conversion on the other hand, has the drawback of being the least effective
on the technologies.
In summary, for simple low price battery backup then the offline or line interactive square wave
systems are suitable. For higher grade protection within a quiet environment, or exactly where your
load kind demands it, go for a sine-wave line interactive unit. Nevertheless, if you'd like the ideal
power solution, then we recommend online double conversion technologies because it is compatible
with all load forms and supplies the highest degrees of power protection.