RFL Safeguarding Resource

SAFEGUARDING
HANDBOOK
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE RFL

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SAFEGUARDING
WHAT IS
SAFEGUARDING?
The RFL has a dedicated section on the website for Child and Player
Welfare, with separate sections for Children and Young People,
Who should you speak to for guidance?
Safeguarding refers to the process of protecting children (and
Safeguarding Policy from this section of the website and other useful
information and documents to support your role.
any issues or questions around policies. They will be able to direct you
and you should feel comfortable that you know your responsibilities
within all areas of your volunteering/work. If you need further advice
all procedures designed to prevent harm to a child. Everything you
do within your club to promote good and best practice contributes to
safeguarding a child.
The RFL Safeguarding Policy covers all aspects of Rugby League,
from Safer Recruitment of Volunteers to Away Trips and Tours. Your
organisation may have their own policies for things like social media,
but this must be adapted from the RFL policy. Clubs often add their
and guidance, you can email the safeguarding team.
safeguarding@rfl.uk.com
What is child protection?
Child protection is part of the safeguarding process, protecting
Definition of a child
Any child or young person, up to the age of 18
own sanctions in addition to those of the NGB/League. It is important
that you have read these and know where to find the policies and who
to speak to for guidance.
Remember – No question is a silly question – if in doubt ask for
advice
harm. This includes the child protection procedures which detail how to
respond to concerns about a child.
If we have robust safeguarding, then child protection is only needed on
very rare occasions, often from a disclosure from a child, or concerns
you have for their welfare. These can be from inside or outside of the
What is abuse?
You can get more information about the definitions of abuse and the
signs of possible abuse in the RFL safeguarding policy.
sport (i.e. home issues).
abuse on the NSPCC website
thecpsu.org.uk

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POLICY
STATEMENT
KEY PRINCIPLES
• Every adult has a moral and statutory duty for the care,
custody and control of any child under the age of 18 under
• All children in this context includes, but is not limited to,
their supervision.
boys & girls, cheerleaders and dancers, pre-match
entertainment participants, spectators and/or visitors.
Every child who plays or otherwise participates in Rugby League should
be able to take part in an enjoyable and safe environment and be
protected from abuse. This is the responsibility of every adult involved
in Rugby League.
The RFL recognises its responsibility to safeguard the welfare of all
children by protecting them from physical, emotional or sexual harm and
from neglect or bullying.
The RFL is committed to working to provide a safe environment for all
children to participate in the sport to the best of their abilities for as long
as they choose to do so.
The RFL recognises that all children have a right to be protected from
abuse irrespective of their age, gender, culture, disability, race, faith,
religious belief and/or sexual orientation.
The child’s welfare is paramount and will be put before other
considerations such as winning matches or the success and
achievement of adults or clubs or representative teams.
The RFL recognises that abuse and poor practice does take place in
sport and that raising awareness and understanding of the main forms
of abuse and poor practice and requiring reporting if abuse or poor
practice is suspected, will further safeguard children participating in
Rugby League.
• The child’s welfare is paramount.
• All children, irrespective of age, disability, faith, gender,
race or sexual orientation have the right to be protected
from abuse.
• All participants have a duty to report incidents, allegations
or suspicions of poor practice or abuse.
• All incidents, allegations or suspicions of poor practice
or abuse will be taken seriously and responded to swiftly
and appropriately in confidence where possible.
• All children have a right to play or otherwise participate
• Children have a right to expect appropriate management,
support, personal and social development with regard
to their involvement in the game of Rugby League, whether
the community or professional game.
• All those involved in Rugby League will be provided with
the appropriate policies, training and support to ensure
they are able to implement this policy.
in the game of Rugby League in a safe and enjoyable
environment.

SAFEGUARDING
REMIT
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
Safeguarding has a broad remit within the game of Rugby League. All
those involved in the management of children in Rugby League have a
duty to ensure that all children are:
• Allowed access to the game in a way that is appropriate for
their age and ability.
•
• Not required to play in so many games, or to attend training
sessions, as to become a threat to their physical or
emotional well being.
• Allowed and encouraged to participate for fun and
enjoyment rather than results on the pitch.
• Not subjected to emotional (verbal) abuse or bullying from any
source, including from the touch lines (based on their age,
cdisability, faith, gender, race or sexual orientation and references
to ability, height, weight or any other characteristics).
• Not subjected to physical abuse, bullying or undue
pressure from any source.
• Not subjected to sexual abuse.
• Not subjected to neglect.
• Not subjected to poor practice.
• Encouraged to achieve their full potential at all levels.
• Instructed and set examples about how to behave, both on
•
any other Rugby League environment.
The RFL’s approach to Safeguarding is based on the principles
recognised within UK and international legislation and Government
guidance. The following has been taken into consideration:
• The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
• Protection of Freedoms Act 2012
• Working Together to Safeguard Children (DOH) 2017
•
• The Human Rights Act 1998
•
•
• The Police Act 1997
• The Protection of Children Act 1999
•
• Data Protection Act 1998
• The Equalities Act 2010
• Information Sharing Advice for Safeguarding Practitioners
2015 (taken from the RFL Safeguarding Policy).
The RFL is determined to ensure that the culture of the sport is one
in which it is safe, acceptable and gives confidence to those involved
in Rugby League to raise concerns about unacceptable practice and
misconduct. In order to achieve this, the RFL has a Whistle Blowing
Policy which can be found at:
www.rugby-league.com (
or victimise a whistle blower)
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SAFEGUARDING
REQUIREMENTS
A senior board
lead with knowledge,
skills and expertise or
experience to take
leadership responsibility
to orgs’ safeguarding
arrangements
Safe recruitment,
selection & contractual
procedures including
criminal records
checks
ABUSE
Working Together to Safeguard Children (HM Government, 2018; PDF)
Abuse can happen on any occasion or in any place where children and
Children may be abused in a family or in an institutional or community
states that safeguarding is everyone’s responsibility. Working Together
outlines the duties of all organisations that work with children. These
are summarised in the diagram, which we have created from the text in
Chapter 2, paragraph 3 (© Crown copyright 2018).
The Safeguarding Standards are based on these duties and while the
Working Together guidance is only specific to England, the principles
are reflected by guidance and standards in all the UK nations.
Clear lines
of accountability for
commissioning and/or
providing services
designed to
safeguarding
Arrangements to
share information with
other organisations
Safeguarding &
Promoting
Children Welfare
Clear escalation
policy if safeguarding
concerns are not
addressed by own org’n
or other agencies
young people are present.
There are opportunities for people to abuse their position of trust with
young people to satisfy their own gratification. This could be sexual, or
it could be by being a bully that needs to control others.
Child abuse is any form of physical, emotional or sexual mistreatment
or lack of care that leads to injury or harm. It commonly occurs within a
relationship of trust or responsibility and represents an abuse of power
setting by those known to them or, more rarely, by a stranger. Children
can be abused by adults, either male or female, or by other children
(and peers).
Any allegations or suspicions of abuse, poor practice or bullying need
to be responded to and reported in line with your club or organisation’s
reporting procedures.
It’s also important that your club has policies in place for responding to
reports of non-recent historic abuse.
(Taken from the Child Protection In Sport Unit)
or a breach of trust. Abuse can happen to a child regardless of their
thecpsu.org.uk
Culture of safety,
equality and protection
age, gender, race or ability. Somebody may abuse or neglect a child by
inflicting harm, or by failing to act to prevent harm.
There are 4 main types of abuse: neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse
and emotional abuse. Children and young people can also be harmed
through poor practice and bullying within a sport setting.
Culture of listening
to and consulting
with children

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WHY DO I NEED TO ENGAGE
WITH SAFEGUARDING?
Benefits of having safeguards in place
What is ‘grooming’?
thecpsu.org.uk
Grooming very commonly plays a key part in the sexual abuse of
Having the right safeguards in place will help you respond appropriately
and keep Rugby League safer and fun for all children. Knowing who is
more vulnerable can help you identify any risks to players in the sport.
Safeguarding children in sport is vital to ensuring that they have a
safe and positive experience. This, in turn, will contribute to children
choosing to remain involved in sport throughout their lives, as a player
and later a spectator and or volunteer.
Children and young people are the foundations and future of Rugby
their club environment, they are more likely to stay in the club and take
on roles as they get older.
risks, concerns or disclosures in an open and honest way. Reporting a
concern my be a vital piece of a jigsaw – so never think someone else
will report.
Whatever your role in sport, be it as a parent, coach, or volunteer, you
should be familiar with your club and the governing body's safeguarding
policies and procedures. You should know how to respond to concerns
around abuse or poor practice. Don’t leave it until there is an incident to
find out how to report and who to report to – you should know this for
the protection of children and yourself. You should know who the Club
should also have the details of the RFL Safeguarding Manager should
an emergency arise, and you are unsure what to do if your CWO is not
available.
communication with a child where this is an intention to meet and
by which an individual manipulates those around them – particularly (but
not only) a child – to provide opportunities to abuse. It also reduces the
chances of the individual being reported or discovered.
Having the right safeguards in place will help you to; respond
appropriately with the knowledge and confidence to recruit responsibly,
manage bullying and harassment, report concerns and much more
keep sport safe and fun for children and young people, protect your
organisation’s reputation and help make your sport attractive to
sponsors. It is important to understand the grooming process to protect
young players. Understanding the Grooming Process (from the CPSU)
You can download the full briefing from here;-
people to train, try new things, make friends and improve their skills.
They are often the places where appropriate, trusting relationships
with adults outside the family or school are first developed. Such
relationships of trust should be used appropriately to support and
advise young people, and to demonstrate the positive values of sport
through role modelling.
However, sport can also provide opportunities for adults with an interest
in harming children to target and abuse them through their role as a
coach, volunteer or paid employee.
Children and young people face risks in all aspects of their life – and
Watch the video on how to respond to disclosure and read the
disclosures recently exposed within football demonstrate that abuse
information on the site
has taken place and continues to take place – this is not purely a
football issue, but an issue for all sport to ensure that they identify any
learning.nspcc.org.uk

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What type of person grooms children for abuse?
Sexual abusers come from all sections of society and can be male or
female, adults or other young people. Individuals motivated to harm
children will look for opportunities for access to them – commonly
in jobs or volunteering roles. There are many examples of children’s
sports activities and clubs being targeted in this way, in the same way as
schools or care homes have.
Targeting children: Abusers target children who are particularly
vulnerable in a way that they can exploit (for example socially isolated
or disabled children). In a sports context a child may be vulnerable due
to their dependence on a particular coach for success and progress in a
sport, or for their place in a team or squad.
When abusers say to a child ‘nobody will believe you’, they are
unfortunately too often correct. Many adults struggle to get over the
hurdle of believing abuse could happen to someone they know –
particularly when they have been groomed by an individual who is
well liked and respected or holds a position of authority within the
organisation.
The Elite Athlete (those on the Elite Pathway):
They have more to lose by disclosing if they experience abuse. They
may be being threatened by a coach etc. that they will lose their place
on the team if they ‘tell’, parents may not listen, or choose to ignore any
concerns raised by their child – they have invested many years into their
sport and may think that the child can ‘handle’ the situation for now.
Most abusers try to find out as much as possible about the child and
use the information both to engage the child and to drive a wedge
between the child and parent or other potentially protective adults, such
Abusers often take steps to ensure they are perceived by others as
respectable, reliable and trustworthy people. Research tells us that the
vast majority of abusers are well known to the child and their family,
often holding positions of trust or authority.
If you are unsure or worried about the sexual behaviour of someone you
know (whether they are an adult or a child) you can contact the Stop It
Now! Helpline on 0808 1000 900 www.stopitnow.org.uk.
There is much evidence that tells us how vulnerable an elite athlete is
and everyone in Rugby League needs to be aware of the risks for these
young people. If you are in a position to coach, support or observe an
‘elite’ athlete, its important that you are aware of the potential additional
vulnerability this may create.’
to come between children and parents or protective adults, the safer
children will be.
You can also contact the RFL Safeguarding Manager for advice in the
first instance or email safeguarding@rfl.uk.com
Child sexual abuse is rarely a single incident or event. To protect
children, we need to understand that most abusers groom by
developing a relationship with a child (and often with the parents or
other potentially protective adults). This relationship ultimately harms
the child psychologically and physically, often making them feel
responsible and unable to tell. Secrecy is fundamental to the abuse
continuing and children are often trapped before they know what has
happened.
If the abuser is a family member or in a sports setting, possibly a coach
or other person in authority with whom the child has had a long term
relationship, it is especially painful to face up to the abuse - and can be
even harder for children to say no and to tell. Parents and adults may
Additional Vulnerabilities
Some players, both adult and child, may have additional vulnerabilities
that make playing the game more challenging, or put them at risk of
abuse and grooming.
denial which further isolates the child.

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A Physically Disabled Child:
The most important thing to consider when working with a disabled
• Their relative powerlessness (perhaps physically, psychologically
Parents on the other hand, often feel really assisted when asked how
It is important to recognise racism quickly within teams so that it can
child is their abilities, rather than concentrating on their disabilities. As
or socially) and the opportunities this presents for grooming by
best to support their child and are willing to provide any extra help to
be challenged. Children often mimic behaviours of adults and do not
potential abusers.
their child at training and match days.
to other children with the same condition.
are behaving in a racist way, whether you believe it to be innocent
Disabled children may be especially vulnerable to abuse for several
• Many young disabled people having learned to be compliant.
Children from Ethnic Minorities (BAME)
or deliberate, this needs to be challenged and addressed as soon
reasons:
as possible. The RFL safeguarding team can advise on appropriate
• A reluctance to challenge carers who may often be viewed as
Black, Asian & Minority Ethnic groups
education for groups who may need it. If a child or young person is
• The increased likelihood of social isolation.
valiantly coping with the burden of a disabled child and therefore
Children from Black, Asian & Minority Ethnic groups may be more
not considered as potential risks.
vulnerable to abuse because they may:
(if heard) or immediately after the game. All incidents of racial abuse
• Having fewer outside contacts than non-disabled children, and
must be recorded and reported, in the first instance to the league if the
perhaps having limited access to someone to disclose to.
• The denial of the possibility of (particularly sexual) abuse of
• Experience racism and racist attitudes.
disabled children.
not heard the remark, then it should be reported to the league who will
• A dependency on others for practical assistance in daily living
• Expect to be ignored by people in authority due to
refer this to the RFL Safeguarding Case Management Group (SCMG).
(including intimate care).
• Disabled children being less likely to be heard or listened
experiences of institutionalised racism.
to.
• An impaired capacity to resist, avoid or understand abuse.
• Be afraid of further abuse or racist abuse if they
Disabled children also experience significantly higher levels of bullying
challenge others.
• Their speech and language communication needs may make it
than their peers. When working with children with disabilities it is
important to acknowledge that you may lack some understanding
• Be subjected to myths based on racial stereotyping.
of a particular disability or how to work with children with specific
• Their particular vulnerability to bullying.
needs. Parents and carers are the people who know the child best and
• Want to fit in and not want to make a fuss.
will be your greatest resource. Coaches particularly sometimes feel
• Being viewed as a “safe target” for abusers.
uncomfortable asking parents/carers about their child.
• Be using or learning English as a second language and

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Sexual orientation (LGBT)
Code of Conduct
Children are often aware of their sexuality from an early age and
many children may already identify as being lesbian, gay, bisexual or
transgender (LGBT). LGBT Children may be more vulnerable to abuse
because they may:
• Be subjected to homophobia – which includes bullying,
abuse or physical attacks.
• Have their experiences as LGBT children rendered
invisible by heterosexist attitudes and assumptions
which assumes that everyone is heterosexual and that
this is preferable to being gay.
The language used by people in sport may promote a negative
stereotype and prevent children and young people from communicating
their thoughts and feelings. It is important to challenge children and
therefore a child in the eyes of the law.
whilst carrying out their role and many become disillusioned at best or
of this nature.
to protect all children those who are the ‘child in the middle’ Having a
Everyone who is involved within Rugby League should recognise that
we all have a responsibility to promote high standards of behaviour in
the game and to be role models to children and young people. All have
the responsibility to safeguard children in and out of sport.
Rugby League prides itself on being a family game which prioritises
creating a safe, enjoyable, inclusive and respectful environment for all to
enjoy and achieve their full potential.
All clubs have their own code of conduct that demonstrate the
behaviours expected from volunteers, parents and players.
may discriminate against others. If a young person believes that they
are supported by the adults around them, they are more likely to ask for
assistance when needed and will make them less vulnerable.

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ENJOY THE GAME
‘Enjoy the Game’ is a game-wide campaign, building on the success
of the sport’s original Respect campaign which was launched by the
RFL in 2005.
It will be rolling out ‘Enjoy the Game’ education packages and
workshops to community and professional clubs, coaches, parents
and volunteers (including Touchline Managers).
While Enjoy the Game will continue to stress the importance of
behaving with Respect at all levels of the game, there will be a
fresh emphasis on the positive - promoting positive environments
throughout Rugby League.
Whether it’s playing a junior or amateur league game or watching on
the terraces at a Super League or Challenge Cup fixture, we want to
make the whole of Rugby League a positive and enjoyable game, in
which we can all enjoy our role.
In 2018 the RFL carried out a review in the 12-18 Age Group, and
also conducted online surveys within the Open Age game. In order
to listen and understand which areas have the biggest impact on
participation in Rugby League. The feedback highlighted touchline
behaviour as an area which requires attention.
The RFL wants to sustain positive surroundings to create fun, safe
This will promote and show how positive behaviour can improve
Clubs will also be provided with marketing materials to emphasise
the campaign to all visitors of their club.
If you would like to learn more about the ‘Enjoy the Game’ campaign,
or would like additional marketing content for
your club, please contact the RFL.
The Enjoy the Game campaign can only work with the participation
and commitment of everyone involved in the game and actively
supports our values of being a family sport. If we ensure that all
children and young people feel safe within our sport, then we will be
actively contributing to their enjoyment of the game.
volunteers and coaches involved in Rugby League.

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Unacceptable behaviour
As a sport we are committed to not accepting behaviour
Everyone who volunteers and works within the game has
a responsibility to challenge poor touchline behaviour.
Certain children and young people cite this as a reason that
they do not like playing. Children have said that they get
‘scared’ when the opposition parents shout abuse at them
and spoil what should be fun for children. Coaches who are
overly competitive can react badly to what they see as poor
decisions, parents may also respond to this and then the
players.
Reporting unacceptable behaviour
If you believe that unacceptable behaviour is happening, then
should be given the opportunity to address any issues. If this
is not done, then you should contact the RFL safeguarding
team for advice. As a volunteer in rugby league you have
responsibility to protect children and young people, never
presume someone else has reported an incident or it must be
Ok because no one else is complaining.
If players are given support and encouragement (by the
opposition too!) then children and young people will enjoy the
game more and are more likely to stay in the game. Adults
often forget that children play Rugby League for a variety of
reasons, winning is not usually top of their list (unless they
have overly competitive parents and coaches). Children
say they play to have fun, meet up with their friends, want
something to do or just keep fit. It is everyone’s responsibility
to ensure this happens.

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Why listen to children and young people?
• They can tell you what they like about the club.
• They can give you ideas of what you can do better.
• You can respond to their ideas (some you may often
have not even thought about).
Scenarios
One: James is eight years old and seems to enjoy his rugby. He is always talkative and seems to love the social aspect of training and playing. He
is a popular teammate. Sarah, James’ mum, has expressed concerns that he is not developing in his rugby as quickly as others – she thinks that
the coach should be looking at how he can improve his game and develop.
Concerns: Sarah appears to want her son to concentrate on his rugby development above enjoying himself with his friends. James is eight and will
be playing to have fun and socialise – an important aspect for children. Sarah appears to be a ‘pushy mum’ putting ‘winning’ above having fun?
• They will trust you more – you listened and acted on
what they said.
• They may feel safe enough to disclose a real worry or
concern they have.
• Children are more likely to stay and play if their
concerns are met.
• If a child feels part of a club then they are more likely to be your
future Chair, Secretary etc.
Listening to what children and young people want from the game can
only improve the environment for all.
How are you going to address this?
starting point. You can explain to Sarah your club ethos, of having
fun and developing at an individual pace. Including James in the
conversation will allow him to say what he likes about his rugby and his
friends.
It is important for Sarah to realise that developing physically and sports
wise does not always involve drills, playing rugby etc. but a combination
of activities that children find fun whilst improving their skills.
The team and club can benefit from holding a listening session which
will allow the children to say what they like – this can always be fed
back to parents to let them know that you are meeting the needs of the
children and young people, rather than a win at all costs mentality.
Regular listening sessions will help parents see that their child is in an
environment that they are enjoying.

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Scenarios
Two: Jenny is a fairly new volunteer at the club and seems to have fitted in really well. Several children flock around her and she seems to get on
with all the younger children. At first, she declared an interest in becoming a Team Manager, she was given the application form, reference request
safer recruitment process.
Concerns:
Jenny was originally keen to take on a role, but when asked for references and to complete a DBS she changed her mind and has said she does
not want to do this. This may be a coincidence.
Scenarios
Three: You are the coach of the U11’s and train next to the U9’s team. Steve is their coach and father to Charlie who is on the
team. Steve is unlike you in many ways, the most important thing for you is that you do not shout and swear at the children –
you praise and encourage them. You hear Steve shouting Charlie’s name a lot and he seems to be encouraging him quite well
– you wish he would do that with t
know whether you should mention it to the CWO – if the parents are not complaining, why should you?
Should you do anything?
It is important that in a scenario like this that you refer your concerns
to the CWO. All adults have the responsibility to protect children. Just
because parents have not identified your concerns, or appear to be
happy with it, does not make it right. You are a qualified coach and know
that this approach to coaching is wrong.
for parents) to get their views of their experiences. Often parents may
be intimidated by the coach and feel that as no one else is complaining,
they shouldn’t. As a coach you have a responsibility not to ignore this,
but to be proactive.
Do you need to do anything?
her to the Safeguarding Team if she wishes to speak to someone in
confidence.
There may be innocent reasons why Jenny does not want to complete
the safer recruitment process, such as having a conviction (relevant or
not) from a long time ago. She may be worried that the club will find out
about this and wants it ‘left in the past’. She may not be able to complete
an online application; she may be illiterate or computer illiterate and find
the whole process too daunting.
Until safer recruitment has taken place, Jenny should not be allowed to
supervise children unless she is being monitored and supported by a
club volunteer with a DBS.
The CWO should have a conversation with Jenny and try and find
out why she is reluctant, Jenny can be referred to the DBS process
If Jenny has approached the club with the wrong intentions, you
will have put in place safeguards for the children and prevented an
inappropriate volunteer from working directly with children.
He appears to favour his own son, which is not good for the child or
the team. You can report in confidence to the CWO and the RFL have
a whistle blowing policy should you have any concerns. By letting
the CWO know your observations, they should be able to monitor the
coach’s training sessions informally and identify areas for improvement.
They may hold a listening session with the children (and perhaps one
reassure Jenny if it relates to a previous conviction. The CWO can direct

26 27
Scenarios
Four: Molly is in the U11 and has been with the club for a few months and she seemed to be having a good time at training and games. Just lately
you have noticed she arrives late to both training and games. She looks generally miserable and when you ask if she is OK, she replies with ‘yes I
am fine’. She has become less talkative and you are generally worried about her, but are unsure of what, if anything you can do.
Actions
What action to take to report concerns, report a disclosure or an
allegation of abuse or poor practice.
On becoming aware of or witnessing a concern, receiving a disclosure
or an allegation or a breach of this Policy you should:
In the case of abuse:
In the case of poor practice:
• Contact the CWO who will report to the RFL
Safeguarding Manager.
• If the CWO is not available report your concerns direct to the RFL
Safeguarding Manager.
There are many reasons why Molly may be unhappy, not necessarily
of her body and is feeling uncomfortable in a team that is mainly males.
She may be experiencing problems at home; her parents may be going
it would be good to ask them to turn up to training and speak to all the
players. They could then speak to Molly and ask how things are going.
A decision needs to be made as to whether you and the CWO should
speak to Molly’s parents to see if they are aware of any issues that may
have caused the change in the behaviour of Molly.
• Contact the CWO who will report to the RFL
Safeguarding Manager.
• If the CWO is not available report your concerns direct
to the RFL Safeguarding Manager.
T: 0113 237 5046
M: 07595 520610
E: colette.eden@rfl.uk.com
She may have problems at school or with friends. Is she being bullied?
At rugby or somewhere else? It is important that someone speaks to
Molly, someone who she trusts. If the CWO is not known to the team,
It is always better to speak to the child first; in case the parents are the
cause of the unhappiness.
• The RFL Safeguarding Manager will report to the RFL
Safeguarding Case Management Group or the statutory
agencies as appropriate.
• If neither the CWO or the Safeguarding Manager is
available and/or immediate action is required to protect
the child contact Children’s Social Care or the police as
appropriate.

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Advice on action to be taken if a child discloses to you
The points below set out general principles to be followed with all
concerns, allegations and disclosures.
If a child informs you directly that he/she, or another child, is concerned
about someone’s behaviour towards them (this is termed a ‘disclosure’)
then:
The person receiving the information should:
• React calmly so as not to frighten or deter the child.
• Believe what the child is telling you.
• Tell the child he/she is not to blame and that he/she
was right to tell.
• Ensure the immediate safety of the child.
• If the child needs immediate medical treatment, take
them to hospital or telephone for an ambulance,
inform doctors of the concerns and make sure that
they know that this is a Safeguarding issue.
• Take what the child says seriously, recognising the
• Keep any questions to the minimum required to
ensure a clear and accurate understanding of what
has been said.
• Do not ask leading questions or make suggestions
about what may have happened.
• Reassure the child but do not make promises of
confidentiality which might not be feasible in the light of
subsequent developments In the event of suspicion of sexual
abuse.
• Do not let the child shower or wash until given
permission to do so by the police as washing can
destroy valuable evidence.
• Before contacting parents ensure that they are not
the perpetrators.
• Where appropriate seek advice immediately from
Children’s Social Care or Police who will advise on the
action to be taken, including advice on contacting
parents, expert advice can also be provided by the
NSPCC Helpline on 0808 800 5000 or ChildLine on
0800 1111 (both 24 hours).
• Alternatively contact the RFL Safeguarding Team who can make
referrals on your behalf.
• Involve somebody else – if not Children’s Social Care
or Police then the CWO, or the RFL Safeguarding
Manager so that you can begin to protect the child
and gain support for yourself.
• Write down the details of the concern, incident and/or
what the child has disclosed as soon as possible,
including details of who this information has been
shared with and when.

30 31
The person receiving the information should NOT:
• Panic.
• Allow their shock or distaste to show.
• Show any disbelief or fail to take the allegations
seriously.
• Ask questions other than to clarify that they have
enough information to act.
• Speculate or make assumptions.
• Make negative comments about the alleged abuser.
• Approach the alleged abuser.
• Make promises or agree to keep secrets.
• Take sole responsibility.
• Shirk the responsibility to report the concern.
Confidentiality
for all those concerned.
The legal principle that the “welfare of the child is paramount” means
that considerations of confidentiality which might apply to other
situations within the organisation should not be allowed to override the
right of children to be protected from harm.
confidentiality is maintained when an allegation has been made and is
being investigated.
Information should be handled and disseminated on a ‘need to know’
basis only. This may include the following people:
• The CWO.
•
• The RFL Safeguarding Manager and Safeguarding Case
Management Group.
• The parents of the person who is alleged to have been
abused (only following advice from the Children’s Social
Care/Police or where the abuse does not involve the family).
• The person making the allegation.
•
The alleged abuser (and parents if the alleged abuser is a young
person) only following advice from the Children’s Social Care/
Police.
Information should be stored in a secure place with limited access
to designated people, in line with the data protection laws (e.g. that
information is accurate, regularly updated, relevant and secure).

32 33
Recording the incident or allegation
Information passed to Children’s Social Care or the Police must provide
Other than in the case of an emergency situation the initial report
Your clubs should be prepared for any eventuality and it is important
Where reports are made to the RFL, the Safeguarding Manager will
as much detail as is available and relevant in order to be as helpful as
should be made to the RFL Safeguarding Manager who will act as the
that your club requests the following information on ALL children taking
possible, hence the necessity for making a detailed record at the time of
point of contact with the statutory authorities.
part in rugby league:
soon as possible.
the disclosure/concern.
In an emergency, reporting the matter to the Police or Children’s Social
• The child’s full name (including any middle names) –
In cases which are not an emergency but where there are concerns
Information required at the referral stage:
Care should not be delayed by attempts to obtain more information. A
ensure this is spelled correctly.
about a child’s welfare the RFL Safeguarding Manager can make a
record should also be made of the name and job title of the Children’s
referral to Children’s Social Care on behalf of a club, although reporting
Child - Age; gender; name; disabilities; address; date of birth; contact
•
directly would be better, with a follow up to the RFL Safeguarding
details; parental responsibility; agencies already working with the
together with the time and date of the call.
Manager.
family; relationship between child and accused.
• Establish who has parental responsibility for the child.
Any information forwarded to Children’s Social Care or Police must
Accused - Name; address; contact details; position – employee;
also be provided to the RFL Safeguarding Manager and/or the RFL
• Phone numbers – up to date? Do you have a process
volunteer; paid; level of coach; Any other allegations; Marital status;
Safeguarding Case Management Group (as soon as reasonably
for changes over the season?
Age; Previous incidents.
possible) who will take over management of the case and consider any
wider issues within the game and put in place relevant protections.
• Ensure you have more than one set of emergency
Primary evidence
contact details and number.
Core information about the alleged incident.
• Check that you have the current full address including
a) Facts from the person making the allegation including
postcode.
dates/times/venue/witness details; b) Records with dates; c) Has
anyone else been informed or is anyone else already involved in the
• Know the school the child attends.
investigation.

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The role of the Statutory Agencies
Where clubs are made aware by any of the statutory agencies including
the Police, that their club or a volunteer or child at their club is subject
to an investigation relevant to any issue related to the Safeguarding
Policy, the club must always inform the RFL Safeguarding Manager
immediately. The RFL may have to take immediate action to protect the
welfare of children but will always work in tandem with the statutory
agencies.
What does Children’s Services do?
They provide a wide range of care and support for children and their
families. They have a statutory duty to ensure the welfare of children in
England and Wales, to comply with procedures for responding to and
managing child protection referrals and cases. When a child protection
referral is made, children’s social services have a legal responsibility to
make enquiries if they have reason to suspect that a child in their area
the Police. Children’s social services coordinate an assessment of the:
• Child’s needs.
• Parents’ capacity to keep the child safe.
• Parents’ capacity to promote the child’s welfare.
• Wider family circumstances.
Statutory agencies share information appropriately with one
another, including health and education authorities. Because of their
responsibilities, duties and powers in relation to vulnerable children,
children’s social services act as the principle contact for children if there
are child welfare concerns. They may also be contacted directly by
parents, family members seeking help, concerned friends, neighbours
and professionals or others from statutory and voluntary organisations.
The RFL Case Management System
Please refer to RFL Operational Rules D1 and D4 for full details)
www.rugby-league.com
All reports of alleged abuse or poor practice made to the RFL
Safeguarding Manager are referred to the RFL Safeguarding Case
Management Group (SCMG) who meet regularly throughout the year
to consider those cases. The powers of the SCMG are set out in RFL
Operational Rules Tiers 1-3 and Tiers 4-6.
The SCMG may refer allegations to the RFL’s team of Independent
Compliance Investigators, some of whom have specific Safeguarding
experience. The Investigators will carry out an investigation and provide
a report to the SCMG. Following the investigation, the SCMG will
consider the Compliance Investigator’s report and decide on the course
of action to take under the Operational Rules.
Where the Police and/or Children’s Social Care and/or a Designated
bodies and may defer any action until the statutory bodies have
completed their work. Irrespective of the findings of statutory bodies
enquiries, the RFL Safeguarding Case Management Group will assess
all individual cases to decide whether action should be taken by the RFL
in line with the Operational Rules.

36 37
Support to deal with the aftermath
Consideration should be given about what support may be appropriate
• Depression/self-harm/withdrawn/introverted.
• Hiding/covering body/refusal to change with others
Every child who experiences abuse needs support from both inside and
(sudden change of behaviour).
Lines, support groups and open meetings will maintain an open culture
outside the family. It is important to take appropriate responses to stop
• Temporary or permanent injury.
and help the healing process. The British Association of Counselling
the abuse and challenge the abuser’s behaviour. All this, in addition to
• Detachment from other players in changing areas.
Directory may be a useful resource. The RFL may be able to advise on
counselling options.
therapeutic work with the child can all help the child’s resilience and
Signs of Physical Abuse
• Withdrawn/timid/anxious/depression/lack of motivation/
interest.
Support for the alleged perpetrator
Consideration should be given about what support may be appropriate
to the alleged perpetrator of the abuse. Additional information is
available on http://www.rugby-league.com/the_rfl/child__player_welfare
Some consequences of abuse may be
• Death – by suicide or the abuse, clearly the worst-case
• Diet – bulking up/taking performance enhancing drugs.
• Aggression.
Signs of Neglect
Physical
or on request from the RFL
scenario.
• Over training.
• Loss of weight or constantly underweight/changes to
•
• Training/playing with an injury (overuse injuries).
body shape.
• Becoming aggressive as a form of self-protection/
•
• Unkempt state, dirty, smelling, always the same clothing
them into adulthood. This may include a mixture of social and economic
coping.
healthy diet.
(unwashed).
problems with an increased likelihood of mental health disorders,
physical health problems, substance abuse, education failure and crime
• Developmental delay (physical, emotional and mental).
• Bruises/marks on the body (not consistent with playing
• Inappropriate dress, such as shorts in winter or lack of
and delinquency to name a few.
sport).
coat.
• School problems.
• Hunger, stealing of food, picking up small change from
• Low self esteem/lack of confidence.
the floor.

38 39
Signs of Neglect
Behavioural
• Developmental delay – physical or emotional progress.
• Self-harm.
• Sudden or unexplained changes in behaviour.
• Apparent fear of someone.
messages when they are on their own in their bedroom. We know
that children have committed suicide by not coping or opening up to
someone when they are being bullied.
• Running away from home.
• Being tired all the time.
• Late for sessions/games or not attending.
• Fear of parents being contacted.
• Being unable to play/unwilling to take part.
• Having nightmares.
Signs of Bullying
Physical
• Having sexual knowledge inconsistent with the child’s
• Not having friends.
Signs of Sexual Abuse
age.
• Fatigue from lack of sleep.
• Left alone/not picked up or supervised on a regular basis.
Physical
• Acting in a sexually explicit way to peers or adults.
• Damaged clothes.
• Failure to attend hospital or medical appointments or acting
• Having a sexually transmitted disease.
• Substance abuse.
• Stomach/headaches.
on injury from sport.
• Pregnancy.
• Being secretive with mobile phone/fear of messages
• Binging, food, cigarettes or alcohol.
Signs of Emotional Abuse
Physical and behavioural signs
• Stomach Pains.
being seen.
• Suddenly have money to spend.
• Scratching and bruising.
• Discomfort when walking/sitting.
• Shortage of money.
•
• Sudden speech disorders.
Signs of Sexual Abuse
Behavioural
Signs of Bullying
There is a continuing increase of cyber bulling and you should always
• Frequent loss of possessions.
• Obsessive fear of making mistakes or failing.
treat this as potentially dangerous. The child may access abusive

40 41
Signs of Bullying
Behavioural
• Wants to stay around authoritative figures.
• Self-harm/attempted suicide.
• Reluctance to go to training.
• Becoming withdrawn or depressed.
• Lack of concentration.
• Avoidance of particular people/groups.
• Performance drop/inconsistent.
• Mood swings.
Dealing with Bullying
Be proactive with the team you are working with. Speak to the CWO
about promoting a good strong anti-bullying policy as this will help to
prevent bullying occurring. Some suggestions would be:
• Involving children in the development of a policy and
review this annually.
• Make sure everyone is aware of the policy and the
club’s commitment to it.
• Regularly remind people of it.
• Take part in the annual anti-bullying week.
• The guidelines should be part of an active policy.
• Consider the impact of social networking within the
guidance as this is often neglected and is where
bullying frequently takes place.
• Promote the guidelines in your club’s code of conduct or
practice.
• Ensure the concepts of equity, value and inclusion.
• Take all signs of bullying seriously.
• Involve parents.

42 43
RESOURCES AND
FURTHER READING
The Ann Craft Trust
The CPSU (Child Protection in Sport Unit)
The Ann Craft Trust (ACT) is a national charity which exists to minimise
the risk of abuse of disabled children and adults at risk. Through
pioneering training, practice reviews and contributing to world-leading
research, they support organisations to safeguard disabled children and
adults at risk and minimise the risk of harm.
They believe that everyone has the right to be treated with respect and
dignity.
The CPSU has valuable resources for all to use – some of the
information referred to in this resource is taken directly from them. All
NGBs work with the CPSU and share their resources for the benefit of
other sports.
The RFL is an active contributor to the work of the CPSU.
This video is from the FA but applies to Rugby League and all sports.
thecpsu.org.uk
Everyone deserves to be safe.
How Coaches can work with parents
They provide many resources for use in sport and you can access their
site from here:
www.anncrafttrust.org
thecpsu.org.uk
Parental behaviour scenarios for sports organisations is a good
what you should do for each situation.
thecpsu.org.uk
Children advising parents on supporting them.

IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE RFL