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ISBN - 9789937933667

Title - Swabhiman Dukhdai Chha Ajhai

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cxª\sf/sf] em'l;nf] :j/ lgsfNg] unf] /x]5 s';L{ .

16 | jf;' zdf{

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tk;Lnsf s'/f x'g\ c?yf]s, kb r}+ vf; s'/f xf]

ljsf;sf s'/f 5f8f}+, cfˆgf] sb r}+ vf; s'/f xf]

/fhgLlt ug{'sf] dhf sxfF 5 cGt, s';L{df afx]s

s';L{df k'u] kl5 Tof] s';L{sf] db r}+ vf; s'/f xf] .

!@

/fhgLlt ug{ ;lhnf] sxfF 5 / ldq < cfF6 x'g'k5{

5n5fd] s'/f ug{ l;kfn' cAan bhf{sf] 9fF6 x'g'k5{

l;4fGt / cfbz{sf s'/f t b]vfpg] bfFt h:tf g x'g\

O{dfg} a]r]/ eP klg a08f ldnfpg ;fF7ufF7 x'g'k5{ .


!#

sfd kfPg5f} c? So} g]tfhL kf]Vb} p7fpFb} u/

:jfy{ l;l4 x]t' ;f]emf hgnfO{ af]Sb} k5fb}{ u/

s;sf] tfut /f]Sg] ltdLnfO{ < ltdL g]tf hf] xf}

cfzfsf cª\s'/x¿ hgtfsf] pdfb}{ lgdf]7\b} u/ .

!$

af]n]/ g} pGglt x'g] eP slt af]n] slt g]tfn]

u'lnof zAbx¿ efif0fdf slt 3f]n] slt g]tfn]

ug]{ ;fFRr} xf] eg] cf/De ul/xfn g sfd cfh}

kmut cfZjf;gsf kf]sf slt vf]n] slt g]tfn] .

18 | jf;' zdf{

!%

l5s]{ xfGg] xf]Og ca t b]z agfpg] :kwf{ u/

l;h{gzLn ljrf/n] hgtf dgfpg] :kwf{ u/

…h'g hf]uL cfP klg sfg} lr/]sfÚ eGg] plQm

ca /fhgLltdf ldNb}g egL hgfpg] :kwf{ u/ .

!^

kmf]xf]/ gagfpm nf]stGq of] …cfxfÚ rflxof]

b]z / hgtfsf lglDt ;f]Rg] …rfxfÚ rflxof]

Ps lyP ?bfg] ofbdf cfP, pgL eGg] ub{y]

s], lsg / s;/L hgtfnfO{ …yfxfÚ rflxof] .


!&

sfd xf];\ ls gxf];\ t/ ltgsf] wfs uhasf] 5

b]zsf] 9's'6L l;Wofpg] ltgsf] 5fs uhasf] 5

b]z / hgtfnfO{ 9fFl6/x]5g\ lg/Gt/ ltgn] t}klg

k6Ss} nHhfaf]w gx'g] ltgsf] gfs uhasf] 5 .

!*

em'6sf] v]tL ;lk|of] eG5g\ d n"6sf] v]tL ;k|]sf] b]V5'

s'/f t x'G5 hglxtsf] t/ d u'6sf] v]tL ;k|]sf] b]V5'

O{dfg / :jfledfg v} stf n'sfPsf 5g\ s'lGg ltgn] <

nx–nx afnL e'mln/x]sf] sfns"6sf] v]tL ;k|]sf] b]V5' .

20 | jf;' zdf{

!(

rf]/nfO{ rf}tf/f] ;fw'nfO{ z"nL, lylt s] a;]5

lynlynf] eof] a/f Û lxdr'nL, lylt s] a;]5

cfˆg} ljtf{ of jkf}lt em}+ kf] dgf]dfgL u5{g\ t

l5lrld/f em}+ cfˆg} cfo' e'nL, lylt s] a;]5 .

@)

Pshgf 7"nf g]tf otf cfPsf 5g\ /]

ldl8ofx¿df klg ;j{q 5fPsf 5g\ /]

efif0f 7f]Sg' pgsf] k]zf xf] 7f]S5g\ g}

v'a} zfgn] pgn] wSs' nfPsf 5g\ /] .


@!

jfbsf s'/fn] ;+jfb g} 3fon xf]nf h:tf] ef]

hfnem]nn] /fhgLlt g} sfon xf]nf h:tf] ef]

kmf]xf]/L v]nnfO{ /fhgLlt 7fg]kl5 s] nfU5 / <

b]zsf] rf}x2L cs}{sf] kf] vfon xf]nf h:tf] ef] .

@@

ahf/df :jfledfgsf] lnnfd x'Fb}5 /]

ljj]ssf] df]ndf]nfO{ v'n]cfd x'Fb}5 /]

36f36sf] xf] lnnfdL af]Ng] eP cfpm

a'l4;'l4 lnnfd ug]{ hf]/hfd x'Fb}5 /] .

22 | jf;' zdf{

@#

s'nfª\uf/x¿ t k|e'sf] kfpdf nDk;f/ knf{g\ h:tf] kf] 5

;+ljwfg dfq xf]Og b]zs} gfd ;+zf]wg unf{g\ h:tf] kf] 5

;QfnDk6, c?s} akmfbf/x¿ tL dflnssf nflu anL r9]/

cfˆgf] dnfdL cfkm}+ uO{ cfkm}+nfO{ a'sL{ 5nf{g\ h:tf] kf] 5 .

@$

h'Fuf vf}l/;s]sf] eGy] k]ml/ b]lv+b}5 h'Fufs} n8fO{+

9'Ëf kmfln;s]sf] eGy] k]ml/ b]lv+b}5 9'Ëfs} n8fO{+

;Qfsf] :jfb rfv]sfx¿sf] k]ml/ /;fof] ls u|GyL <

b]lv+b}5 kfv'/f ;'s]{/ eGsg] xl/of] lemËfs} n8fO{+ .


@%

x;'g{' x;'/]5g\ s/f]8f}+ s/f]8 nfvsf] r}+ s'/f gu/f}+

pN6} nf]stGqsf] kmnfsf] / wfssf] r}+ s'/f gu/f}+

e|i6frf/nfO{ ;+:yfut agfP/} 5f8]5g\ h'sfx¿n]

u/LaLn] lklN;Psf hgtfsf] 5fssf] r}+ s'/f gu/f}+ .

@^

cfcf] ;fyLx¿ xf] t]QL; lsnf] ;"gsf] s'/f u/f}+

b]znfO{ n'6L sËfn kfg]{ sk6L w'gsf] s'/f u/f}+

tnb]lv dfly ;Dd} ldnLeut, ;]l6ª /fd|} /x]5

/fhgLltsf] ck/fwLs/0fsf] dha"gsf] s'/f u/f}+ .

24 | jf;' zdf{

@&

xF;fpg' klg clncln xf] / d'5}{ kg]{ u/L xF;fP xf}

uFh8Lx¿sf] ukm h:t} a]6'ª\u] ukm}df kf] kmF;fP xf}

…Do'lhsn r]o/Ú sf] zfgbf/ v]n /x]5 /ª\ud~rdf

kfn} kfnf] ub}{ Psn] csf]{nfO{ s';L{df kf] a;fP xf} .

@*

b'O{ l;+x ldn]/ Ps} 7fpFsf /fhf x'g] /]

gofF gf}6ÍL b[Zodf Dof08]6 tfhf x'g] /]

cfnf] / kfnf]sf] k|aGw ldnfP/ cfk;df

;Qf :jfb lnO/xg] Ph]08f ;femf x'g] /] .


@(

Ct' km]l/P5 u7aGwgsf] ahf/ hd]sf] 5 cr]n

k|nf]egsf ld7fO{x¿sf] Jofkf/ hd]sf] 5 cr]n

kb / r'gfjL l6s6sf] zt{gfdfsf] ns]{ tfFt;+u}

g]tf sfo{stf{sf] cf];f/ k;f/ hd]sf] 5 cr]n .

#)

w]/} kl5 d}bfgdf Ps gofF v]n z'? eof]

df]rf{aGbLsf] cf–cfˆg} tfnd]n z'? eof]

s] xf]nf < s;f] xf]nf < sf}t'xn r}+ afFls 5

dgdf eg] cfzfx¿sf] 7]nd7]n z'? eof] .

26 | jf;' zdf{

#!

bn xf] ls an xf] a'‰g sl7g ef]

5n xf] ls kmn xf] a'‰g sl7g ef]

r'gfjL ;fF7ufF7sf] o:tf] en b]Vbf

gn xf] ls 9n xf] a'‰g sl7g ef] .

#@

tftf] kfgL vGofO{ cfuf] afN5' eG5 pm

d'vn] km's]/ g} ;lt;fn 9fN5' eG5 pm

s;/L kTofpg' p;sf s'/f, cfwf/} 5}g

lagf af6f] Ps dxfofqf yfN5' eG5 pm .


##

xf]Og xf} ;fyL xf] s] sf] tdfzf xf] of] <

;s'gL g} 5Ss kg]{ s:tf] kfzf xf] of] <

s] ;Gb]z lbG5 xf]nf o:tf] rlt{snfn]

ca'em d aa'/f]sf] lgl/x lh1fzf xf] of] .

#$

ltdL eG5f} ;f]emf] 5' t/ afª\uf] b]Vb}5'

eG5f} nfh 5f]k]s}5', t/ gfª\uf] b]Vb}5'

afbzfxsf] gofF j:q eP ltd|f 9f]+ux¿

Tof] 9f]+uL cg'xf/ ltd|f] pbfª\uf] b]Vb}5' .

28 | jf;' zdf{

#%

Pstfsf] s'/f] kf] lyof] t efua08fsf] xNnf kf] 5 t

elt{s]G› r}+ v'Nof] ls s;f] cf–cfˆgf] uNnf kf] 5 t

tf;sf] dxn xNsf atf;n] uNof{du'n{'d 9n] em}+ u/L

hgdtn] ag]sf] ;kgfsf] w/x/f 9Nnf 9Nnf kf] 5 t .

#^

zlQmsf] pGdfb x]/ cxf] Û w]/} dfly r'lnP5

cxª\sf/sf] 8sf/n] p;sf] :j/ g} efl;P5

c?dfly cl/ª\ufnsf] uf]nf] vGofpF5' eGYof]

cl/ª\ufn t s7}a/f Û p;}dfly kf] vlgP5 .


#&

lj/f]w ug{' /fhgLlt xf] eGg] rngsf] s'/f ;'lg+b}5

;fg} lgx'F eP klg rsf]{ cfGbf]ngsf] s'/f ;'lg+b}5

/fhgLlt klg a'em]/} a'lemg;Sg' eO;Sof] xf} ufF7] Û

To;}sf] cfj/0f leq afv|f kfngsf] s'/f ;'lg+b}5 .

#*

kbrfkx¿ ;'lgg yfn]sf5g\ dfG5]x¿ a}l/P ls s;f]

h'ª\ufsf] n8fO{ klg ;lsP5 h'ª\uf vf}l/P ls s;f]

t/ª\lut eO{ c? dfG5]x¿ klg x'n afFw]/ Tot}lt/ g}

cfzfsf TofG›fx¿ ;dft]/ kl5 kl5 bf}l8P ls s;f] .

30 | jf;' zdf{

#(

sf]xL xfQL x'g\ c/] sf]xL af]sf, v} s'/f a'em]sf] <

Oltxf; eg] vfO/x]s} 5 wf]sf, v} s'/f a'em]sf] <

ct[Kt dg kf]v]/ s7}Û af]Nb5 dfG5] zd{ krfP/

tdfz} kf] u5{g\ t ;Qfsf ef]sf, v} s'/f a'em]sf] <

$)

htf kmSof]{ pt} b}nf] agfpF5g\ c/] sf]xL

kmf]xf]/ x'n]/ 3/ d}nf] agfpF5g\ c/] sf]xL

b]z ?Fb}5 n'6]/fx¿ ;nanfpFbf 5ftLleq

n'6]/} b]z dha't y}nf] agfpF5g\ c/] sf]xL .


$!

s'Fjf eGbf aflx/ lgl:sg] slxn] xf] g]tfhL <

uGtJo lt/ lx8\b} nlDsg] slxn] xf] g]tfhL <

…df5f] df5f] Eofu'tf]Ú sf] v]n k'Uof] xf} ca

;d[l4sf] rf]OnL kl:sg] slxn] xf] g]tfhL <

$@

nDk;f/ k/]/ 3'F8fel/ s;}sf] 3fp k/]5 c/]

:jfledfg e]6L r9fP/ s;}sf] kfp k/]5 c/]

/fhgLlt klg v} s] xf] a'emL g;Sg' 5 cr]n

l5s]{ xfGg l;kfn' hfGg]x¿sf] bfp k/]5 c/] .

32 | jf;' zdf{

$#

;fd"lxs anfTsf/ eof] c/] jfO8a8L hxfhsf]

oxL Wo]o xf] t g]tf xf] b'O{ ltxfO{ /fh sfhsf] <

oxL kf/f xf] eg] t s] kf] eGg ;lsPnf / xf} <

ufO{+u'O{+ xNnf rNb}5 o:t} lgolt kfgL hxfhsf] .

$$

sf] aG5 dfq s/f]8klt < cj{sf] s'/f 5 cr]n

hlt ;lsG5 e|i6frf/ ug{' uj{sf] s'/f 5 cr]n

zfgsf] s'/f ef] b]znfO{ n'6\g' df}sf kfpgf;fy

n"6sf] v'l;ofnL dgfpg] kj{sf] s'/f 5 cr]n .


$%

;fOsnn] klg t]n lkpg yfNof] c/] cr]n

hdfgf cg';f/ s'2} lhpg yfNof] c/] cr]n

k'/ftgjfbLx¿nfO{ kl5 kfb}{ pu|ult lnP/

p„]sf] s'07f bDen] l;pg yfNof] c/] cr]n .

$^

uf8Ldf O{Gwg xfNbf vNtL klg el/G5 /]

afO{ jfg u]6 jfg k|mLsf] pkef]u ul/G5 /]

oxL xf]nf ;Qfdf k'Ug'sf] z'e–nfe eg]sf]

Tolt nfe lng g;Sg] x'ltxf/f 7xl/G5 /] .

34 | jf;' zdf{

$&

cfˆgL >LdtL efG;] /fv]/ tna v'jfP5 s;}n]

lbdfu e/]/ b'lift ls6f0f'n] a'l4 s'jfP5 s;}n]

krfpg g;s]/ t/ ;a} /sd lkmtf{ ug{' k/]5 a/f Û

lgn{Hh eP/ kmf]xf]/L /f;df /fn r'jfP5 s;}n] .

$*

slt xfF:g' xf} va/ k9]/ xfF;]/ g} dl/of] ufF7] Û

ljrf/ xf] ls ladf/ xf] bf]wf/df kf] kl/of] ufF7] Û

jfbL / k|ltjfbL cfkm}+, jlsn / GofofwLz cfkm}+

…df5f] df5f] Eofu'tf]Ú t /fli6«o v]n bl/of] ufF7] .


$(

gofF o'usf] z'?jft eGg] tfdemfd b]lv+b}5

lj1fkgsf] af9L ;8sdf v'n]cfd b]lv+b}5

kIf ljkIfdf zAbsf v]nf]km8\sf] ug]{x¿sf

s'ts{sf 3f]8fx¿ d}bfgdf a]nufd b]lv+b}5 .

%)

…;fx]a ;fx]agLx¿sf] o'uÚ ca cGTo x'g] eof] c/]

…gftfuf]tf / cf;]kf;]sf]Ú syf bGTo x'g] eof] c/]

;'g]/ c7f]6 o:tf], knfP5g\ cfzfsf cª\s'/ km]l/

c;kmn x'g] sf/0fx¿ ca dgu0fGt] x'g] eof] c/] .

36 | jf;' zdf{

%!

Ps hgf dg'jf 3'F8fdf 3fp k/]sf] s'/f ub}{ lyP

pgs} d08nL km]l/ 3'F8f 6]sfpFb} cIf]tf 5b}{ lyP

s] s] ;'Gg' / b]Vg' kb{5 oL sfg / cfFvfn] klg

cfˆg} tdfzf x]b}{ do'/ em}+ cfkm}+ bË kf] kb}{ lyP .

%@

3'F8f 6]s]/ 6Lsf nufpF eg] 3'F8fsf] ladf/ 5

g6]s'F eg] klg 3'F8f 6]Sg]s} t/SsL e/df/ 5

l6Sg} kf] d'lZsn kg]{ eof] t xf} of] b'lgofFdf

htf x]¥of] cr]n hNbf]aNbf] 3'F8fs} ahf/ 5 .


%#

sf]N6] km]nf{ t P ;/sf/ Û ;don] < a'emfO{ b]pm g

afFRg kfpnfg\ s] 5f]/Lx¿ lge{on] < a'emfO{ b]pm g

e|i6frf/, b'/frf/ / a]lyltx¿ df}nfP5g\ b'af] h:t}

gofF s] lbof] nf]stGqsf] ljhon] < a'emfO{ b]pm g .

%$

aGbL agfO{ kfpF ;/sf/ Û ltvf zAbsf nx/x¿nfO{

v'nf cfsfzdf p8\g rfxg] :jtGqtfsf /x/x¿nfO{

ltdLnfO{ laemfpFb} hfu[t x'g yfn]sf ;kgfx¿ b]Vof} <

k|ltaGw g} nufOb]pm ltdL ;kgf b]Vg] tL k|x/x¿nfO{ .

38 | jf;' zdf{

%%

p;n] x/] Û cfˆgf] 3/df cfkm}+ cfuf] ;NsfP5

3/sf] ;fFrf] ;'Dk]/ n'6]/fnfO{ cfkm}+n] kNsfP5

t}klg lgn{Hh eP/ ub{5 b]z / hgtfsf] s'/f

/, /fi6«3ftnfO{ nf]stGqsf] hnkn] 6NsfP5 .

%^

lgs} g} ;'lgg yfn]sf]5 cr]n vflt/bf/Lsf] s'/f

hndfu{ clg /]ndfu{ ;~rfng lhDd]bf/Lsf] s'/f

t/ wf]s}wf]sfsf] hudf plePsf] Oltxf; s]nfpFb}

em:s]sf] dgdf eg] cfzª\sf 5 O{dfGbf/Lsf] s'/f .


%&

k|f1 ;efdf s;sf] sf]6faf6 d l5?F v}

leg}{ k/]kl5 s;sf] r}+ laNnf d le?F v}

ToxfF k'Ug]x¿ ;a} sfg lr/]sf x'G5g\ c/]

bflxg] lr?F jf b]a|] < s'g sfg d lr?F v} .

%*

/fhb"tsf] hfuL/ v'n]5 bfj]bf/x¿sf] nfd b]lv+b}5

cfˆgf dfG5]nfO{ etL{ ug]{ s;/t v'n]cfd b]lv+b}5

lagfzsfn] ljkl/t a'l4 eGg] plQmnfO{ rl/tfy{ ub}{

bDesf] hu/ km'nfpFb} bf}8]sf] s'dlt a]nufd b]lv+b}5 .

40 | jf;' zdf{

%(

of]Uotf, Ifdtf ;a} ldn] klg y/ ldNg' x'Fb}g

dfOtL clg ;;'/fnLsf] ufpF zx/ ldNg' x'Fb}g

nf]stGqsf] dfkb08 cjnDag g} ug]{ xf] eg]

Pp6} lhNnfdf / k|b]zdf klg 3/ ldNg' x'Fb}g .

^)

lgjt{dfg kfNg' eGbf ltg}nfO{ jt{dfg kfg'{ a]z

w]/} xf]nfg\ kbfsf+IfL a? o;/L g} bjfj 6fg'{ a]z

cfˆg} xftdf 8f9' kGo", lrGtf afFls s] /Xof] / <

cfk"m v'zL xk]{sf] l3pm cfˆg} efudf emfg'{ a]z .


^!

ahf/df cr]n OHht lsGg ;lsG5 /]

a]Rg] cf} lsGg]x¿ k|i6 lrGg ;lsG5 /]

lgs} ;:tf] ePsf] /x]5 ahf/efp klg

cfk"m v'zL tf]s]/ efp l5Gg ;lsG5 /] .

^@

afn'jf k]n]/ t]n lgsfNg] cEof; lgs} eP5

klUnxfN5 ls eg]/ kTy/sf] Gof; lgs} eP5

g t t]n lg:Sof], g t kTy/ g} kUNof] slxNo}

kL8f vk]/ c?nfO{ l/emfpg] k|of; lgs} eP5 .

42 | jf;' zdf{

^#

sxfF k'Unfg\ v} tL pN6f] ult ePkl5

eGg' klg s] eGg' < e|i6 dlt ePkl5

cfz s] u?g\ hgtfn] s]xL xf]nf eg]/

/fhgLltsf] kmf]xf]/L v]n clt ePkl5 .

^$

d x'F Ps dfq nfos g]tf c? ;a} gfnfos

b]znfO{ ;d[l4lt/ lx+8fpg] d} x'F d'lQm bfos

/fhgLltsf] k6syfdf d]/f] e"ldsf ljz]if 5

d x'F syfsf] gfos afFls c? ;a} vngfos .


^%

;b\efj / cfk;L ljZjf;sf] lgj[lQ eP h:tf] 5

c?sf] pl5Qf] vGg' a? cfd k|j[lQ eP h:tf] 5

;Eotfn] ;xL lbzf lt/ lx8\g kfpg' kg]{ xf], pN6}

dfgj]Q/ bfgjL :jefjsf] k'g/fj[lQ eP h:tf] 5 .

^^

s;}sf] wdf;\ t s;}sf] 3'sL{ b]lv+b}5

xftdf hqf] 5 8f8' t]q} r'k'sL{ b]lv+b}5

afFb/sf] xftdf gl/jn eP5 nf]stGq

n'5fr'F8Ldf em/]sf em'sf{em'sL{ b]lv+b}5 .

44 | jf;' zdf{

^&

v'a} ukm lbg yfn]5f} cr]n ltdL g]tf eof} ls s;f] <

ctL{ klg lbPsf] b]V5' 1fgsf] ;j{j]Qf eof} ls s;f] <

cfˆgf] s'/f dfg] eg] dfgL xfn] gdfg] dgfpgsf nflu

dfG5]sf] df]n} tf]Sg yfn]5f} ltdL qm]tf eof} ls s;f] <

^*

s] cf}wL vf]s]sf] xf} xh'/ sfg} km'6\g] u/L

;f]emf l;wf tL hgx¿sf] lbdfu} e'6\g] u/L

;Hhg eG7fg]/ e/f];f kf] 5 t xh'/ dfly

To;/L gvf]Sg] xf] ls xh'/ e/f];} 6'6\g] u/L .


^(

pxfFsf] s'/f s] ug{' < pxfFsf] efif0f ljz]if 5

b]zsf] xfnt h] xf];\ pxfFsf] zf;g ljz]if 5

pxfF olt prfO{df k'Ug'ePsf] 5 ls s'/f gu/f}+

lgSs} prfO{df /x]sf] pxfFsf] cf;g ljz]if 5 .

&)

…p8Gt] xNnfdf /dfpF5 sflGtk'/ gu/LÚ c/]

xNnfs} kl5 k]ml/ s'b\5g\ dfG5] 3l/ 3l/ c/]

g t u5{g\ cfkm" g t c?nfO{ g} ug{ lbG5g\

cfˆg} ehg ufO{ cfkm" v'zL u'Y5g\ ku/L c/] .

46 | jf;' zdf{

&!

cfˆgf] x'lt 5}g, k'vf{sf] wfs nfpg] gsRr/f x]/

af]nLsf] 6'ª\uf] gePsf k+rd'vf lgn{Hh l5r/f x]/

snª\ssf] 6Lsf nufO{ lgwf/df dlRrb}5g\ a]:;/L

cfkm}+n] vg]sf] vfN6fdf kg]{ eP nf} tL lar/f x]/ .

&@

v08 cv08sf] ;ª\u|fddf clNemP5 sfnv08

ToxL ;ª\u|fdsf] bfjfgn xx{/L blGsP5 cv08

5f]8\g] xf] jf df]8\g] xf] cfkm}+ larsf] ;Ldf /]vf

;x–cl:tTj / cfkmlGtkgsf] k]ml/P5 dfkb08 .


&#

5\ofª\u} 5 p;sf] gh/s} cufl8,

t/ p b]Vb}g, gh/ g} t'lxP5 zfob

k|i6} t 5 ;/n ;a}n] a'lem;s],

t/ p a'‰b}g, lbdfu g} s'lxP5 zfob

h;/L u}+8fnfO{ sfps'lt nfUb}g

7Ls To;/L p;nfO{ klg 5'Fb} t 5'Fb}g

s'/f a]6'ª\u] u5{, lxhf] Pp6f cfh cs}{,

lbdfusf] tGt' g} r'lxP5 zfob Û

&$

;'Gg ;S5f} eg] ;'g g]tfhL–

ltdL /fhgLltsf] s'/f u5f}{ t/ /fhgLltsf] /ª\u 5}g

ltdL;+u b]z agfpg cfjZos kg]{ ;Lk / 9ª\u 5}g

To:tf] lsg ePsf] xf] yfxf 5 ls 5}g g]tfhL ltdLnfO{

dfG5]sf] lbdfu eGg] cª\u x'G5, ltdL;+u ToxL cª\u 5}g .

48 | jf;' zdf{

&%

sd{7 xftsf s'/f w]/} eof], ef]sf] cfG›fsf] s'/f u/f}+

7"n7"nf s'/f klg w]/} eof], cfzsf] TofG›fsf] s'/f u/f}+

cfZjf;gn] k]6 el/Pg v}, g]tf 5n5fd] / 9F6'jf eP

b]z / hgtfnfO{ 9fF6]/} gyfSg] ltg} Hof›fsf] s'/f u/f}+ .

&^

htf lt/ kfSof] sfkmn pt} r/L gfFRb}5 /]

cfˆg} gfrdf /dfP/ do"/ sDd/ efFRb}5 /]

;f]emf dg eg] ga'lemsg} 7f]lsxfN5g\ tfnL

ToxL tfnL kf] eFhfP/ vfb} sf]xL afFRb}5 /] .


&&

s'/fx¿sf] a:tLdf htftt} s'/fx¿s} le8 5

s'g} dg xg]{ ld7f; t s'g} d'6' 5]+8\g] tL/ 5

s'/f u/] s'/}nfO{ b'Mv eG5g\, e}uf] gu/f}+ Sof/]

c?nfO{ >Lv08 xf]nf d a'4'nfO{ v'kf{sf] la+8 5 .

&*

s'/} t xf] hlt pkmf/] klg ef] es'08f] pkmf/] em}+ u/L

l;wf ;fbf hgnfO{ yrf/] ef] es'08f] yrf/] em}+ u/L

…Dofr lkmlS;+uÚsf gfOs] 5Fb}5g\ lhtfpg] / x/fpg]

:jfledfg a]r]/ k5{g\ nDk;f/ bf;Tj ;sf/] em}+ u/L .

50 | jf;' zdf{

&(

kfsf cg'ejL eG5g\ –

ef]h vfg dg nfu]sf] eP n}grf}/lt/ hfg"

df]h ug{ dg nfu]sf] eP l;+xb/jf/lt/ hfg"

Gofo gkfP uf]/vf hfg" eGg] t pvfg g xf]

Gofo gkfP klg ;xg" gq sf/fuf/lt/ hfg" .

*)

lgsfn lgsflnxfn To;nfO{ lgsfn]/ k7fOb]pm

b'u{Gw uGxfPsf] lkzfrnfO{ a:tLaf6 x6fOb]pm

le8} kf] nfUof] t xf} ufF7] Û lhpFbf lkzfrx¿sf]

rf/kf6f d'8]/ tL lkzfrnfO{ l;dfgf s6fOb]pm .


*!

x]g{ ;Sg' k5{ b]lvG5 oxfF s] s] xf] s] s] <

;'Gg ;Sg' k5{ ;'lgG5 oxfF s] s] xf] s] s] <

ljj]s g} aGwsL /fVg]sf] rn]5 xfnLd'xfnL

ef]Ug ;Sg' k5{ ef]luG5 oxfF s] s] xf] s] s] <

*@

x]lnsf]K6/sf] s'/f ug{ yfn] kh]/f] lkmSsf nfUg yfNof]

wld/fx¿sf] st{'t b]Vbfv]l/ P]+h]/f] lkmSsf nfUg yfNof]

hgtfsf ;kgfx¿nfO{ df8]/ o;/L w':gf] kf/]sf] b]v]/

5f8f 5f]8]sf] ;fF9]n] u/]sf] /}+bfnf] lkmSsf nfUg yfNof] .

52 | jf;' zdf{

*#

ult, ;+ult, lj;+ult ldl;P5g\ Ps} 7fpFm

kyx¿sf] rqmJo"xdf d klys stf hfpFm

hfnx¿sf] ;~hfn of] ca t caf]Wo eof]

nf} g hflgkmsf/x¿ xf] Û tŒj 1fg kfpFm .

*$

;lsof] ls dof{bf ;lsof] ls nfh

slt ;Dd b]Vg' kof]{ v'n]cfd cfh

c;Gt'li6 kf]v] x'Gg ;Eo tl/sfn] <

dfGohg klg xf]nfg\ b]Vg]x¿ dfem .


*%

af3n] km]l/ ;'gsf] jfnf bfg ub}{5 c/]

g]kYoaf6 s;}n] p;sf] sfg eb}{5 c/]

afx| jif{df vf]nf] kmSof]{ eg]sf] ;'lgb}5

OHht k:s]/ et]/ nfpg] efg kb}{5 c/] .

*^

km]l/ cfP c/] sfhL, d'lvof ag]/

dflnssf] v]t hf]Tg] xlnof ag]/

sltGh]n xf] ce}m nufpg] eP bfFb]

df6f] km]l/ ?g] …ef] l5of l5of ag]/ .

54 | jf;' zdf{

*&

g]tf kf] eGy] p;nfO{ t/ efF8 /x]5

;dfhnfO{ g} a]¿k kfg]{ unufF8 /x]5

gzf 3f]n]/ zAbdf dtfpF5 dfG5]nfO{

dtfP/} ;a}nfO{ n8fpg] p hfF8 /x]5 .

**

s'F8]sf] b'w hf]ufpg] lhDdf kfP/ la/fnf] s'b}{5

3/ el/ Kjfn} Kjfn kfb}{ lgl:kmqmL d';f bu'b}{5

crDds} lylt a;]5 3/df a'em]/} g;lsg] e}of]

e08f/d} k;]/ clhª\u/ lgw{Ss 9's'6L x;'b}{5 .

s'/f ;f]emf] 5 xh'/, 5Ssf k~hf hfGb} hflGbg

sfd lagfsf] ukmnfO{ dfq cfwf/ dfGb} dflGbg

s'/f hf]Tg] slt cfP slt cfP, ugL ;fWo] 5}g

ukm}n] afFemf] hf]ltPnf eGg] emg 7fGb} 7flGbg .


*(

elQmufgsf] klg cf–cfˆg} ;'/ / tfn 5

s7k'tnL grfpg] cf}+nfsf] ljz]if rfn 5

;f6km]/sf] v]n rln/x]5 Úl/n] /];Ú h:tf]

cl:dtf bfpdf /flvPsf] h'jfsf] vfn 5 .

()

ahf/ lgs} tft]sf] 5 cr]n ay{8] s]ssf] s'/fn]

s/f]8f}+sf] e|i6frf/sf] uf]Ko cl8of] 6]ksf] s'/fn]

gofF ljifon] ahf/ ttfpg yfn]sfn] xf]nf zfob

dxŒj u'dfP5 lnlDkofw'/f / lnk'n]ssf] s'/fn] .

56 | jf;' zdf{

(!

k'Ug yfNof] c/] UofF; kfOkaf6} 3/ 3/ klg ;'lgof]

rsf]{ s/sf] s'/f ;'lgof] To;}sf] s/s/ klg ;'lgof]

s] s;f] x'Fb}5 3/b]zdf, /fd|f] x'Fb}5 ls g/fd|f] x'Fb}5

s;} s;}sf] r}+ emsf]{nfUbf] Eofu't] 66{/ klg ;'lgof] .

(@

km"nnfO{ dfnfsf] zd{, dfnfnfO{ g]tfsf] zd{

dfnfs} v]n kf] eof] t vfl6 /fhgLlts wd{

b]Vg] cfFvfx¿nfO{ nfh nflu/x]5, 5f]k] eP5

lbg/ft x]g'{ eGbf t kmf]xf]/L /fhgLltsf] sd{ .


(#

sfFwel/ dfnf b]Vbf km"n v]tL u?F u?F nfU5

Jofj;fo u/]/ km"ns}, y}nL kf] e?F e?F nfU5

dfnf nufpg] / nufOlbg]x¿sf] r'l/km'l/ b]Vbf

pt}lt/ cfkm" klg :yfO{ a;fO{+ ;?F ;?F nfU5 .

($

:ofjf;\ v'a u/]5f} Ps b'O{ dgsf] dfnf lnP/ cfpFnf

ltd|} gfddf ;fFemkv bLkfjnL ug{ kfnf lnP/ cfpFnf

u/, hlt ;S5f} dgkl/ u/, km]l/ df}sf cfpg] xf] xf]Og

lj/f]wLx¿sf d'vdf nufpgsf nflu tfnf lnP/ cfpFnf .

58 | jf;' zdf{

(%

vfbf, dfnf / bf];Nnfsf] nt nfUof] /] pxfFnfO{

cfˆg} ;fd' cfˆgf] k|;l:t 3t nfUof] /] pxfFnfO{

/f]u klg s] nfu]sf] xf] dfG5]nfO{ lagf pkrf/sf] <

s';L{s} nflu x'?Ss x'g] cfbt nfUof] /] pxfFnfO{ .

(^

bf}8w'k yfNg' k5{ ls Sof xf] vfbf ldlnxfN5 ls

xf]df xf]sf] :j/ ld;fO{ af]Nbf efsf ldlnxfN5 ls

h:tf] b]z 5 p:t} e]if ug{" eG5g\ cg'ejL kfsfx¿

b'?:t p:t} km'Fbf hf]l8lbP kl5 kf/f ldlnxfN5 ls .


(&

dfOs t b]Vg} gx'g] eof] ;dfpF ;dfpF nfU5

t's a]t's vf]s]/ /jfkm hdfpF hdfpF nfU5

c?nfO{ k6\of/ nfu] nflu/xf];\ g s] dtna <

cfˆgf] avfg cfkm}+n] u/]/ /dfpF /dfpF nfU5 .

(*

;'Gb}5' cr]n v'a} cl/ª\ufnsf] v]tL x'g yfNof] c/]

;Qfdfb ljZjf;sf] 3fF6L /]6\g] /]tL x'g yfNof] c/]

a]lylt emg km}lnFb} /x]5, lbg b'O{ u'gf /ft rf}u'gf

cxª\sf/sf] 8f]/L /fhgLlt dYg] g]tL x'g yfNof] c/] .

60 | jf;' zdf{

((

lxhf] ltdL g} eGYof} ltg} lyP l;4fGtaf6 lu/]sf

s;}sf] O{zf/fdf rf]/L bfpn] h:s]nfaf6 l5/]sf

cfh km]l/ ltd|f] cfXjfg ltg};+u ;fF7ufF7sf nflu

rl/tfy{ kfg]{ g} eof} pvfg ;a} hf]uL sfg} lr/]sf .

!))

Pstf 3f]if0ff–kqsf] d;L ;'ls;Sof] t g]tf xf] <

/fi6« xLtsf] s'/f s';L{ d'lg n'ls;Sof] t g]tf xf] <

g]kYoaf6 v]nfpg] tL dbf/Lsf rfnsf cl3lNt/

xfjf km':s]sf] a]n'g em}+ zL/ em'ls;Sof] t g]tf xf] <


!)!

h'6\of} ltdL lsg < k'm6\gsf nflu

ufFl;of} eg lsg < 5'6\gsf nflu

h'6 ls k'm6 jf 5'6 Tof] ltd|} dhL{

nfU5, ltd|f] gf}6ÍL n'6\gsf nflu .

!)@

hd]s} 5 ahf/, af]Ng]sf] lk7f] laS5

em"7 g} xf];\ af]nL u'lnof] dL7f] laS5

lrKnf lrNnf s'/f / rfKn';L ef] dGq

h;n] hfGb5, p;s} s'/f l56f] laS5 .

62 | jf;' zdf{

!)#

ukm k'Uof] g]tfhL ca r}+ sfd yfNg] xf] ls <

cFWof/f dgx¿df cfzf Hof]lt afNg] xf] ls <

;f]+rx¿ ld;fP/ w]/}sf], ;femf nIo agfP/

k|ultsf] lbzf tkm{ ca sbd rfNg] xf] ls <

!)$

dfG5] xf] ls ;nx xf] ;fu/ lx+8] e}+m u/L

Pp6} Wo]o Pp6} :j/, ;'gfdL g} pn]{ ;/L

va/bf/Ldf s'n{b} p7]sf nfvf}+ tL d'7Lx¿

Pp6} ;Gb]z a'‰b}5', ca l6Sg]5}g dgk/L .


!)%

hbf} hbf} ubf{ ub}{ xftx¿ g} yfls;s]5g\

cfz u/]/ s'bf{ s'b}{ s]zx¿ g} kfls;s]5g\

cf8Da/L rnv]n / cf8Da/s} af]nafnfn]

u|x0fn] 9fs] h:t} ;Eotf g} 9fls;s]5g\ .

!)^

km]l/ Pp6f ;8s cfGbf]ng yfNg] s'/f x'Fb} /x]5

;8s cj?4 ub}{ 6fo/x¿ afNg] s'/f x'Fb} /x]5

;]nfP h:tf] ef] /] /fhgLlt tf]8kmf]8x¿ gx'Fbf

;8ssf af/ / ;flnsx¿ 9fNg] s'/f x'Fb} /x]5 .

64 | jf;' zdf{

!)&

cfof] cfof] nf} va/ cfof] e›tf tf]l8Psf]

;+jfbsf] k6fIf]k x'g] u/L ;+odtf tf]l8Psf]

cfk;L ;Ddfg / ;b\efj efF8d} hfj;\ a?

;EotfnfO{ g} nlHht kfb}{ ;Eotf tf]l8Psf] .

!)*

sf]xL eg] Psflt/ tn'jf rf6\b} /Ú5g\

sf]xL c? Tot}lt/ O{dfg ;f6\b} /Ú5g\

…lagfz sfn] ljkl/t j'l4Ú eg] h:tf]

bª\u kb}{ tL cfˆgf] h/f] sf6\b} /Ú5g\ .


!)(

kbs} nflu ePsf] ljjfb kbsf nflu h:tf] b]lvof] /]

b]Vg]x¿ eGb}5g\ ;Qfsf] ntsf nflu h:tf] b]lvof] /]

sfds'/f] Psflt/ s'Dnf] af]sL l7dLlt/ eGg] pvfg em}+

w}o{ gefÚsf] lsrlsr] cfbtsf nflu h:tf] b]lvof] /] .

!!)

kbssf] km;n kfs]5, afnL af]Sg hfg] xf] ls <

uGxfPsfn] klg kfP /], tfnL 7f]Sg hfg] xf] ls <

nf]stGq xf], ;a}n] cj;/ kfpg' k5{, ls s;f] <

bfofF afofF sf]xL af]n], ufnL vf]Sg hfg] xf] ls <

66 | jf;' zdf{

!!!

sf]xL eG5g\ s'g} g]tf pvfg] t'Ss] eP

sf]xL eg] Ps gDa/sf] 9f]s] x'Ss] eP

a'‰g} ufx|f] ef] xf} ufF7] Û s] x'Fbf /fd|f] xf]

sf]xL r}+ c;nL vf6L n7}t d'Ss] eP .

!!@

slxn] cledfg t slxn] :jfledfgsf s'/f

st} 5n5fd] / 9F6'jf t st} O{dfgsf s'/f

xf] xf] km'Ng r}+ km'Ng] g} /x]5 sdn lxnf]df

ahf/df rNb} /x]5 ufO{+u'O{+ s'ndfgsf s'/f .


!!#

va/ k9]/ jflnË gu/sf sd{7 …d]o/ÚnfO{,

;nfd ug{ dg nfUof]

ljsf;sf nflu afXo nufgLsf] …z]o/ÚnfO{,

;nfd ug{ dg nfUof]

ubf{ lsg x'Fb}g / <

;f]+r / tTk/tf rflxG5 eGg] pbfx/0f ag]5g\

ljlzi6 9fFrfn] yfn]sf] gu/sf] …s]o/ÚnfO{

;nfd ug{ dg nfUof] .

!!$

lqe'jg ljdfg:ynsf] wfjgdfu{ km]l/ plSsof] c/]

;8ssf] cfnf] sfnf]kq] klg /ftf/ft elTsof] c/]

e/v/} ;fntdfdL lyof] sfo{;Dkfbg u/]/} 5f8]5g\

wdfwd sfd ePsf]n] ah]6 klg ;a} ;lSsof] c/] .

68 | jf;' zdf{

!!%

sf7df08"d} kfgLhxfh rnfpFb}5f} c/], awfO{ 5

;8s ;8sdf g} wfg kmnfpFb}5f} c/], awfO{ 5

o:tf gofF sLlt{dfgx¿n] ljZj /]s8{ agfOsg

lugLh a'sdf kf] gfd r9fpFb}5f} c/], awfO{ 5 .

!!^

e"tk"j{ g]kfnL c/] xfdL jt{dfgsf] s'/f gu/] ef]

b]z b'v] klg d'6' leq :jfledfgsf] s'/f gu/] ef]

lagfz sfn] ljkl/t a'l4 rl/tfy{ ug]{x¿ 5g\ ha

km'6\gnfO{ tof/ Eofu't] cledfgsf] s'/f gu/] ef] .


!!&

ce"tk"j{x¿sf cl3 e"tk"j{x¿sf] s'g} sfd g} 5}g c/]

cfˆgf] hGde"lddf aa'/f k/b]zLx¿sf] gfd g} 5}g c/]

ha sfd / gfd b'a} 5}g eg] ;lSsuf] lg s] s'/f ug'{

b'i6sf] a'emfO{df b'Mv]sf] d'6'df s'g} lgn–8fd 5}g c/] .

!!*

lgsfnflgsfnsf] s'6gLlt kf] rNg yfNof] t

cf/f]k k|Tof/f]ksf] /0fgLlt kf] rNg yfNof] t

zLt o'4 xf] jf ql;t o'4 xf], a'‰g ufx|f] ef]

csf/0f lagfzsf] /fhgLlt kf] rNg yfNof] t .

70 | jf;' zdf{

!!(

a]v'zL knfpg yfn]5 dgx¿df, sf]xL cfpg] va/n]

cfzÍf plAhg yfn]5 hgx¿df, sf]xL cfpg] va/n]

s'6gLlts e|d0f g} xf]nf x'g t t/klg lsg kf] xf]nf

b'u{Gw km}ng yfn]5 cfFugx¿df, sf]xL cfpg] va/n].

!@)

;GsLsf] xftdf zlQmsf] afu8f]/, km'ª\sf/ ug]{ g} eof]

lx+;|s kz' em}+ d}dQ 5 p zlQmn], x'ª\sf/ ug]{ g} eof]

lbdfuL tGt'x¿ v's'nf] eO{ ;Gt'ng g} u'dfPsf] 5 ha

hf]hf] k?g\ ;fd"df g5f]8L s;}nfO{, lzsf/ ug]{ g} eof] .


!@!

af]n'F eg] cfkm}+nfO{ aft nfUg] 8/

gaf]n'F tf efF8e}nf] vft nfUg] 8/

w]/} vfFbf lrgL klg lttf] x'G5 c/]

clt eP cd[tsf] g} dft nfUg] 8/ .

!@@

a;fO{+ ;/]5 ls leQ]–n]vg km];a'ssf] leQflt/

y/L y/Lsf gf/f b]lvG5g\ au|]lNt x/]s lsQflt/

kmf]xf]/L /fhgLltsf] u'n]nLdf r9fP/ d6\ofª\u|f em}

hgtfsf ;kgf eg] x'¥ofO{+b}5 blGsPsf] lrtflt/ .

72 | jf;' zdf{

!@#

;dfrf/ vf]Hg] ldq ;dfrf/ aGg] w'gdf nfu]5g\

5Fbf vfFbfsf] 5lj k'g{ vfN6f] vGg] w'gdf nfu]5g\

rqmJo"xdf kmF;]sf] kQf] 5}g s'/f u5{g\ lgsf;sf]

emnn 3fd nfu]sf a]nf tf/f uGg] w'gdf nfu]5g\ .

!@$

1fgsf] ;fu/ xf]nf p eG7fg]sf] ;'s]sf] sF'jf kf] /x]5

lblUjho g} unf{ eg]sf] t cfkm}+ xf/]sf] h'jf kf] /x]5

/fhgLltsf] vfndf tf;sf] klQ ôfFs] em}+ ôfFlsPsf]

pm, t'¿ks} PSsf xf]nf eg]sf] s7}a/f Û b'jf kf] /x]5 .


!@%

rn]s} xf] jfso'4 lxhf] rNof] / rNb}5 cfh klg

h] dg nfU5 ;f] af]Nb5 dfG5] 5}g ls nfh klg <

;To c;Tosf] x]Ssf x'g 5f8\b5 ha dfG5]nfO{

s;n] s] af]N5 sltv]/ ufx|f] 5 ug{ cGbfh klg .

!@^

km"n x'g'df s] dhf / < dhf t la‰g] sfF8f] x'g'df 5

hlt eg] klg k6Ss} gnfUg] cldNbf] 3fF8f] x'g'df 5

:jfy{sf] n"6 dRrfpg]x¿s} /x]5 of] b'lgofF, dhf t

h;/L x'G5 :jfy{sf] b'gf] ;f]‰ofpg rfF8f] x'g'df 5 .

74 | jf;' zdf{

!@&

rl/q 5 å}w t/ dL7f] u5{ s'/f

d'vdf /fd/fd, vNtLdf 5 5'/f

cfˆg} avfgsf] l9+9'/f lk6\b5 t/

ktg lglZrt eGg] la;{G5 aa'/f .

!@*

sb{ xf] ls rsds wf/n] 5'l§G5

ukm xf] ls 1fg xf], ;f/n] 5'l§G5

cfˆgf] avfg cfkm}+n] gu/]sf] a]z

c;n jf vÞ/fa Jojxf/n] 5'l§G5 .


!@(

dfG5] clt s'l6n eP5, c?nfO{ pkof]u ug{ vf]H5

cfˆgf] clei6 l;l4 x]t'n] c?sf] k|of]u ug{ vf]H5

;+j]bgzLn ljifonfO{ 9fn agfP kl5 af]Ng] kf] sf] <

:jfy{sf] ul0ft /r]/ cfˆgf] nfesf] of]u ug{ vf]H5 .

!#)

1fgsf] j[If pxfF cfxf Û n6/Dd} kmNg' eP5

1fgsf] k|sfzn] xf]nf pxfF wkSs} aNg' eP5

1fgsf] e08f/} l/TofO{ clh0f{ eP/ xf]nf ls <

bª\bª\tL uGxfpg] u/L pkb]z cf]sNg' eP5 .

76 | jf;' zdf{

!#!

dfg]+, pxfFsf] 1fgsf] ljzfn kmfF6nfO{ dfg]+

5n{ª\u lbgnfO{ /ft xf] eGg] cfF6nfO{ dfg]+

zAb v]Ng hfGg' g xf] hflgkmsf/sf nflu

dxfzosf] uf]ojnjfbL 5fF6 sfF6nfO{ dfg]+ .

!#@

na:t/fsf] cf]vtL x'Fb}g eGg] Pp6f pvfg 5

hglxtsf] s] kf] dtna < cf–cfˆg} avfg 5

hd]s}5 b'gf] ;f]‰ofpg] v]n cvf8fdf dhfn]

tdfzfk"0f{ v]n x]g]{ cfFvfx¿df eg] ysfg 5 .


!##

…vfnÚ hd]sf] 5 /fli6«o /ª\ud~rdf, le8]sf5g\ …vfn]Ú

…RofFv]x¿Ú em'lDdPsf jl/kl/, …df/f{Ú eGb} s/fpg yfn]

…k~rsÚsf dfq xf]Og tL lgn{Hh …afx|df;]Úx¿n] nf} g

b]zsf] cl:dtfnfO{ x/] Û lg;ª\sf]r bfpdf yfk] dhfn] .

!#$

rxnkxn a9]5 r'gfj cfP h:tf] 5

hgtfnfO{ 9fF6\g] axfgf kfP h:tf] 5

;f]emf hgtf eg] kmFl;xfN5g\ v'?Ss

:jfy{sf u|GyLx¿ v'a /;fP h:tf] 5 .

78 | jf;' zdf{

!#%

b'O{ bzs kl5sf] r'gfj xf] ;s;s a9]5 XjfQ}

xfl/Pnf eGg] lk/n] d'6'sf] wsws a9]5 XjfQ}

r'gfj lhTg' 5 t/ ;lhn} lhTg] 5fF6 gb]v]kl5

ef]6 a9fpg c:q z:qsf] rsrs a9]5 XjfQ} .

!#^

r'gfj cfÚsf] 5 ca r}+ 3df;fg knf{ h:tf] 5

;kgfsf kf]sf cfFug cfFugdf emnf{ h:tf] 5

:jfutåf/ 78\ofP ef] 6f]n6f]ndf g]tf cfpFb}5g\

cfZjf;gsf] v'/fsn] km]l/ ef]s 6nf{ h:tf] 5 .


!#&

w/fkdf Hofg 5, r'gfj hf] cfÚsf] 5

s'6\g] dfg]{ Wofg 5, r'gfj hf] cfÚsf] 5

nf]stflGqs cEof; t kmnfSg] s'/f g xf]

cg]s bfpk]rsf] 1fg 5, r'gfj hf] cfÚsf] 5 .

!#*

r'gfjdf p7]Ú;L hf]8bf/ efif0f t 7f]Sg} kof]{

cfsfz / kftfn hf]8]/ nDa]tfg vf]Sg} kof]{

h;f] u/] cfˆgf] hLt ;'lglZrt x'G5 t];} ug{

/fhgLltsf bfpk]rx¿ s07 kf/L 3f]Sg} kof]{ .

80 | jf;' zdf{

!#(

lht] nf]slk|otf d]/f], xf/]+ eg] wfFwnL

c? ;a} 5nL / 9fF6 x'g\, g]tf d c;nL

;Qfsf] :jfb lha|f]df d]/f] hf] u8]sf] 5

x'?Ss x'G5' d, cfFvfdf s';L{ emNemnL .

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lg:kIf eof] ls em]n eof]

h;f] eof] s'l6n v]n eof]

ôfFlsP kf;fsf uf]6Lx¿, /

uf]6Lx¿s} kf] 7]nd7]n eof] .


!$!

ePsf] ;fv xf/]/ sf]xL 6f6 klN6P5g\

ptf lhTg]x¿ km'tL{ lb+b} 7fF6 klN6P5g\

RofFv] yfKb} lyP RofFv]x¿ klg vfndf

a/fÛ b'df] g} xf/]/ laNnLaf7 klN6P5g\ .

!$@

xfg]{x¿ eGbf cf;]kf;]x¿sf] 56k6L b]V5'

sf]xL zfnLg b]V5', sf]xL eg] sk6L b]V5'

hgtfsf] lg0f{osf cl3 s;sf] s] nfU5 <

ynf k/]/ s;}sf] efl;Psf] sgk6L b]V5' .

82 | jf;' zdf{

!$#

sf]xL eg] xf/]/ klg lht] em}+ /dfpFb}5g\

sf]xL eg] xfbf{ kL8fn] ltnldnfpFb}5g\

xf/ jf hLt :jfefljs xf] k|lt:kwf{df

;xh} :jLsfg]{x¿n] k|lti7f sdfpFb}5g\ .

!$$

ef]6 lbof}+ / lhTof} g]tfhL, ca ltd|f] of]ubfg rflxof]

5f]/Lsf] lax]sf nflu ca kflnsfaf6 cg'bfg rflxof]

slt n'6\5f} cfkm" dfq} Psf]xf]/f] /fli6«o 9's'6L ;w}+el/

kflnsf :t/df klg afF8r"8 ug{nfO{ k|fjwfg rflxof] .


!$%

r'gfj t xf/]5f}, ca wgf{ cf;gdf a:5f} xf]nf lg

rsf]{ efif0f ;'lg+b}5, ToxL efif0fdf a:5f} xf]nf lg

ltd|f] jl/kl/ 5g\ lj1 k6s k6s cg'ej sdfPsf

kf7 l;s]/ tL cg'ejL;+u cg;gdf a:5f} xf]nf lg .

!$^

u'lnof] ld7fO{ x}g af, dnfO{ ca …d]o/Ú rflxG5

;Qfsf] :jfb dL7f] dnfO{ klg t …z]o/Ú rflxG5

…sfu s/fpFb} u5{ lkgf ;'Sb} u5{Ú, lsg 8/fpg] <

kb k'Ub}g eg] dnfO{ cfe"if0fsf] …s]o/Ú rflxG5 .

84 | jf;' zdf{

!$&

dtkq g} Roft jf Pl;8 vGofpm, r'gfj lhTg' 5

p208 g} xf]pm jf dflns sGofpm, r'gfj lhTg' 5

h;f] h;f] ug{ ;S5f} u/, xf/ lsdfy{ :jLsfo{ 5}g

nf]stGqnfO{ g} a? pkxf; agfpm, r'gfj lhTg' 5 .

!$*

ptf 3/b]zdf r'gfj eP5 km]l/ kflnsfx¿df

otf k/b]zdf Pgf/]g]sf] r'gfj 5 tflnsfx¿df

r'gfj t r'gfj} xf] lg :jfbsf kf/vLx¿sf nflu

/ldtf x]g{ bz{sx¿ eg] pSnb}5g\ c§flnsfx¿df .


!$(

Pgf/]g] alNemP5 k]ml/ pDd]åf/sf] nfd 7"nf]

r'gfjsf] nt crDdsf], cxf] Û tfdemfd 7"nf]

o:tf] nfU5, Pgf/]g] afx| /f]usf] Pp6} cf]vtL

bLJojf0fL ;'lg+b}5 5 dfgf}+ of] tLy{ wfd 7"nf] .

!%)

Pgf/]g]sf] df};d cfP5 pd]bjf/L lbpF ls Sofxf]

alNemxfN5 ls st} RofFv] yfKg xf}l;pF ls Sofxf]

efua08f ldnfpFbf kl/of] eg] klg t eOuof] lg

;Nnfxsf/} eP klg Pp6f kb r}+ lnpF ls Sofxf] .

86 | jf;' zdf{

!%!

kb eg]sf] kb g} xf], sfo{sf/L xf];\ ls ;Nnfxsf/

dg nfu]hlt kbx¿ agfpg ;Sg] 5Fb}5g\ lzNksf/

;fFRr} vfFrf] gk/] tfklg d'va'emf] nufpg] /0fgLlt

cIf]tf em}+ dG;fOlbP kb, hDaf] g} eP klg cfsf/ .

!%@

r'gfj cfO;s]5 ;fyL xf] ef]6 s;nfO{ lbg] xf] <

lrt s;nfO{ lbg] xf] clg kf]6 s;nfO{ lbg] xf] <

lhTg]x¿ t cjZo klg v'zLn] ubub x'g] g} 5g\

To:tf] v'zLsf] xfF;f] v]Ng] cf]+7 s;nfO{ lbg] xf] <


!%#

r'gfj nfu]5 /fd|} ;fyLx¿sf] nfd} nsf]{ kf] 5 t

lhTg] lhtfpg]sf] 3D;f3D;L lgs} rsf]{ kf] 5 t

Kofg]n Kofg]nsf k|rf/afhLdf clNemP5 r'gfj

;d'bfosf d'2f stfstf ax; r}+ csf]{ kf] 5 t .

!%$

otf Pgf/]gPdf / ptf kflnsfx¿df klg hfqf x'Fb} /x]5

stf lx+8]sf x'g tL ofqL < Ps clglZrt ofqf x'Fb} /x]5

efF8e}nf]sf] /fhgLlt s] :jb]z s] k/b]z, p:t} 5 b'a}lt/

otf u'6aGbL / lj1lKt, ptf tfnfaGbL / jftf{ x'Fb} /x]5 .

88 | jf;' zdf{

!%%

ptf ;lsof] ufO{hfqf otf e/v/ b]lv+b}5

xF;fpg] va/sf] tfFtL nfUg] t/v/ b]lv+b}5

cfbtn] dha"/ xfdL s] ug{' / hxfF /x] klg

wfFwnL lzif{sdf syf d~rg k|v/ b]lv+b}5 .

!%^

wfFwnLsf] t s'/f cfof] a'y sAhfsf] cfpg} afFls 5

dtkq Roft]/ tndfly kf/]sf] cf/f]k nfpg} afFls 5

/fhgLltsf] :jfb kfPsf] lha|f]n] p:t} :jfb vf]H5 g}

xfg}{ x'Gg s;}n] lsgeg] lht]/ wfs hdfpg} afFls 5 .


!%&

r'gfj ;lsof] /] Pgf/]g]sf], ca n]vfhf]vf xf]nf

s:tf] k"mlt{ x'g xf] lhTg]sf], ca n]vfhf]vf xf]nf

r'gfjL rxnkxn kl5 awfO{sf] cf]O/f] 5 oqtq

k[ys zfg kbf/f]x0f ug]{sf], ca n]vfhf]vf xf]nf .

!%*

;fu/df k'u]/ klg Eofu'tf] 7fGb5 sF'jf lsg <

Oiof{n] 89]/ kTktL dfG5] 5f8\b5 w'Fjf lsg <

c?sf] ;kgf ljyf]Ng]x¿ a/f Û tL ljj]sz"Go

cfkm}+ dfq ;xL / ;TdfuL{ dfGb5 dg'jf lsg <

90 | jf;' zdf{

!%(

d} x'F hfGg], xf] d hfGg], c? ;a} tf d"v{ x'g\

;fFr} af]n'g\ t/ klg tL Ps gDa/sf w"t{ x'g\

7fGg] tL …dxfkl08tÚsf nflu 5}g s'g} cf]vtL

zf:qfy{af6 kl5 x6\g] tL :jo r}+ dxfd"v{ x'g\ .

!^)

pgL :jod\nfO{ cAan bhf{sf] ;dfh ;'wf/s 7fGb5g\

cfkm"nfO{ a]lylt, la;+ultx¿sf] Psn lgjf/s 7fGb5g\

lj8Dagf Û pg}n] xk]{sf] l3pm l/TofPsf] b]Vb}5g\ c?x¿

t}klg cfkm"nfO{ lgi7f cf} ;bfrf/sf] ljrf/s 7fGb5g\ .


!^!

otf kmSof]{, ptf kmSof]{ ctL{ pkb]zsf] tfFtL x'G5

lgs} hfg]sf]5' egL b]vfpg] s;/t elnefFlt x'G5

lbPsf] pkb]z c?n] lnG5g\ ln+b}gg\ yfxf eg] 5}g

clt{ kl:sg] dg'jfsf] 3d08n] km'n]sf] 5ftL x'G5 .

!^@

sf]xL lsg Tolt ;fx|f] bDeL x'G5 xf]nf <

s:tf s:tf s'/fx¿ dgdf u'G5 xf]nf <

cfkm"nfO{ PSnf] dxf1fgL 7fG5 p lsg <

s;n] eGg] p;nfO{, s;sf] ;'G5 xf]nf <

92 | jf;' zdf{

!^#

km'n]/ a]sf/df cxª\sf/ gb]vfP x'GYof]

cfkm}+n] vr{ u/L k|;l:t gn]vfP x'GYof]

crDds} k|f0fL xf] dfG5], v} s] kf] egf}+ <

8fxsf] cfuf]df xTs]nf g;]sfP x'GYof] .

!^$

udSs kb}{ 7"nf] kN6L p km'Ng rfxG5

c?af6 jfx Û jfx Û v'a a6'Ng rfxG5

;fg} of]ubfg u/]sf] eP klg s'g} a]nf

lx;fa u/]/ k"/fsf k"/f c;'Ng rfxG5 .


!^%

p 7fGb5 p;sf s'/f ;xL ;To s]jn

p;s} dfq x/ lx;fa axL ;To s]jn

c? ;a} ga'‰g] ujfF/ x'g\ p;sf nflu

p;n] hf] a'em]sf] 5 ToxL ;To s]jn .

!^^

s] efsf] xf] v} lxhf]cfh ;a} cfˆg} 8Dkm" ahfpF5g\

a];'/f /fu xfn]/ Psgfzn] cfˆg} ehg dfq} ufpF5g\

df};d km]l/Psf] xf] ls dfG5] a'‰g g} sl7g eO;Sof]

s'g} Ps ;fgf] of]ubfgnfO{ klg k6sk6s ehfpF5g\ .

94 | jf;' zdf{

!^&

uHhas} hft xf] dfG5]sf] ;w}+ cfˆg} 8Dkm" ahfpF5

cfˆgf] 8Dkm"sf] tfndf ldnfO{ c?sf] gfd ehfpF5

rf6'sf/Lsf] c:q klg p e'Nb}g :jfy{ l;l4sf vflt/

e|dsf] a'§fx¿ e/]/ p cfˆgf] e|dsf] ;kgf ;hfpF5 .

!^*

p;sf s'/f / wfl/nf] 5'/f p:t} kf] /x]5

bDesf] gzf / dfbs ;'/f p:t} kf] /x]5

cxª\sf/n] 89]/ x/fP5 p;sf] ljj]s s7} Û

bl/› dg p;sf] k"/fsf k"/f p:t} kf] /x]5 .


!^(

vKk/ leq ;w}+ el/ s'ts{ pl;G5g\ pgL, lsg xf]nf <

uGxfpg] kmf]xf]/sf] y'k|f] dfq plwG5g\ pgL, lsg xf]nf <

;'jf;gf 5g]{ km"nx¿ klg 5g\ jl/kl/, dtna} ub}{gg\

b'u{Gwdf /dfpg]x¿ ;a}nfO{ pl5G5g\ pgL, lsg xf]nf <

!&)

s;}sf] wGb} s]jn c?sf s'/f sf6\g] x'Fbf] /x]5

a8f] nugsf ;fy kmt'/sf] 8f]/L af6\g] x'Fbf] /x]5

3d08n] lemlN;Psf] hLpaf6 kTktL w'jfF lgsfNb}

;f]+r / ;demnfO{ g} dkfO{Tj;+u ;f6\g] x'Fbf] /x]5 .

96 | jf;' zdf{

!&!

ljrf/ 5 s'lxPsf] t/ cfkm"nfO{ ljåfg 7fGg'x'G5 pxfF

c?sf] pl5tf] sf8\g'nfO{ ;xL of]ubfg 7fGg'x'G5 pxfF

gsf/fTdstfn] el/Psf] vKk/ 5 pka'h|'s dxf]bosf]

;'Nemfpg' x}g, s'/f] pNemfpg' ;dfwfg 7fGg'x'G5 pxfF .

!&@

awfO{ awfO{ ;'lg+b}5, rfsl8sf] kof{o

;fVv} ePsf] b]vfpg] /fd|f] /x]5 pkfo

gh/df kg{ rfxG5g\, u?g\ c? s] a/f Û

/lrP5 csf]{ Ps efiffsf] gofF cWofo .


!&#

efiffljbx¿sf] ca Pp6f 6f]nL agfpg] xf] ls <

s6'tfnfO{ lhTg] ;+hLjgL uf]nL agfpg] xf] ls <

ts{ s'ts{x¿sf] /}+bfnf] clt g} eof] ca nf} g

;sf/fTds ;f]+rn] leh]sf] af]nL agfpg] xf] ls <

!&$

ot} cf;kf;df sf]xL l5r/f klg /x]5g\

a]sf/df ckh; vfg] lar/f klg /x]5g\

z/d x/fPsf dfG5] klg e]l6P x} oqtq

lgn{Hh ;nanfpg] gsRr/f klg /x]5g\ .

98 | jf;' zdf{

!&%

of] b'lgofF –

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g/d t x'g} ghfGg] h/f{ dflg;x¿ klg /x]5g\

tL eGbf k[ys lgZ5n dgn] v'zL x'g] ;f]emf

cfˆg} 7]6 kf/fsf em/f{ dflg;x¿ klg /x]5g\ .

!&^

sGofpFb} eL/af6 v;fpg] klg 5g\ jl/kl/

lrKnf s'/fx¿df kmF;fpg] klg 5g\ jl/kl/

5]kf/f]n] em}+ /ª\u abNg]x¿sf] le8Þ hd]sf]5

/ª\ux¿ abNb} v'a xF;fpg] klg 5g\ jl/kl/ .


!&&

gsf/fTdstfn] g} u'hf/f rnfpg] klg e]l6G5g\

lagf ws af}l4s bl/›tf bzf{pg] klg e]l6G5g\

lgs} hfGg] ;'Gg] x'F eGg] r'l/km'l/ ug]{ aa'/fx¿ Û

lg/fwf/ ts{ cf]sn]/ hu xF;fpg] klg e]l6G5g\ .

!&*

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a]t's] ts{ kl:sP/ efF8\g]x¿ x'Fbf /Ú5g\ htftt}

rf}af6f]df nu]/ cIf/x¿nfO{ v'Nnf lnnfdL ub}{

bDesf] lznf :tDe uf8\g]x¿ x'Fbf /Ú5g\ htftt} .

100 | jf;' zdf{

!&(

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:ki6 ;TonfO{ klg hfGg g;Sg', bf]if xf] ls /f]u xf] <

vf]6f] ;f]+rsf] t/fh'df tf}lnG5 oyfy{nfO{ lsg dfG5] <

;xLnfO{ klg ;xL 7fGg g;Sg', bf]if xf] ls /f]u xf] <

!*)

kfun g} x'F d kfun, s]jn ltdL ;2] 5f}

;'larfl/t ¿kdf g} ;dfh x'F8Ng] dWo] 5f}

s;sf] g"gn] ltd|f] lbdfu rN5 ltdL hfg

ToxL g"gsf] ;f]emf] lrtfpg ltdL jfWo 5f} .


!*!

slt qm"/ eP5 hdfgf b'v]s} d'6' lryf]b{5

g/fvL /lQ bofefj ;'s]s} wdgL lgrf]b{5

xfF:b5 clg dHhfn], c§xf; p;sf] cxf] Û

kL8fsf] e'd/Ldf tfg]/ efUo/]vf pm sf]b{5 .

!*@

hlt rf]6 nfu] klg dgdf dnfO{ km/s kb}{g

;Ggf6f gfr] klg cfFugdf dnfO{ km/s kb}{g

xfF;f] clg cfFz'sf] n'sfdf/Lsf] v]n xf] hLjg

xfF;f]n] xf/] klg hLjgdf dnfO{ km/s kb}{g .

102 | jf;' zdf{

!*#

slt 5g\ hudf Psflt/ d'6' x/fPsf dfG5]

slt 5g\ hudf csf{lt/ d'6' 8/fPsf dfG5]

1fg lj1fg pGgt 5 hudf t/ dlt zd{gfs

slt 5g\ hudf rf/}lt/ z/d krfPsf dfG5] .

!*$

xfFsf xfFls To;/L g9fF6 g, yfxf x'G5 Sof

asDk'm;] ukm klg g5fF6 g, yfxf x'G5 Sof

5]kf/f]n] h:tf] l5g l5gdf slt /ª\u k]m5f}{ <

cfˆgf] s'/f cfk}+mn] gsf6 g, yfxf x'G5 Sof .


!*%

Ps ldqn] n]v] –

cFWof/f]df lbof afNg]x¿ lt/:s[t eP c/]

pHofnf]df cfuf] emf]+:g]x¿ k'/:s[t eP c/]

c?n] h;f] u?g\ lbof] afNg g5f]8 x} ldq

lj;+ult;+u h'em]/ g} dfG5] kl/is[t eP c/] .

!*^

g]kfnL …lkmNd zf]Ú sf] sGtlahf]u eof] Ú/]

xnef8f klg cfof]hss} vNtLaf6 uof] Ú/]

g]kfnL snf ;F:s[ltsf] ;Da4{g ug]{ ;kgf

n08gsf] hf8f]df s7fª\lu|P/ cw'/f] /Xof] Ú/] .

104 | jf;' zdf{

!*&

>lds x'F d >ddf /dfpF5'

>d u/]/} hLljsf sdfpF5'

rfx 5}g d]/f], 7"nf] egfpg]

uj{ ;fy d >lds egfpF5' .

!**

kf]Vb5' dgsf] efj sljtf lbj;df

5}g ljifosf] cefj sljtf lbj;df

l;h{gf dL7f] ;flxTo, nflnTon] k"0f{

sfJosf] 5}g hafj sljtf lbj;df .


!*(

nf]s eG5g\ g]tfsf] xf]Og kl/jf/sf] sljtf n]v

lbndf zLtn 5g]{ dfofn' pbuf/sf] sljtf n]v

/fhgLltsf] sk6L v]ndf 6fpsf] b'vfpg'sf] ;§f

56\k6fO/x]sf dgx¿sf] pksf/sf] sljtf n]v .

!()

d]/f nflu af6f]df b'a} tkm{ km"nx¿sf] nx/ b]Vb}5'

ToxL af6f]af6 hfFbf k'lug] dfof a:g] zx/ b]Vb}5'

cfFvfsf] bf]if jf dgsf] e|d xf]Og xf]nf lg of] d]/f]

k|]dn] d':s'/fpFb} uugdf …zzLÚ pbfpg] k|x/ b]Vb}5' .

106 | jf;' zdf{

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km"nsf] ;f}Gbo{df /dfpg /f]Sg gvf]h dnfO{

cfxfl/;sf] ah| nf7Ln] 7f]Sg gvf]h dnfO{

km"nn] km'Ng kfpg' k5{, d To;}df /dfpF5'

s'07fsf] vf]6f] t/fh'n] hf]Vg gvf]h dnfO{ .

!(@

gfgfyl/sf s'/f 5f8L dfoflt/ kmls{PF d

htflt/ dfofsf] af; 5 Tot}lt/ nls{PF d

cfxf Û duduL jf;gf 5 dfofsf] au}+rfdf

kfl/nf] 3fd tfKb} ToxL au}+rfdf vls{PF d .


!(#

sf]xL cfpFb}5 dfofsf] l;+u} ;+;f/ af]s]/

dnfO{ v'zL agfpg cd"No pkxf/ af]s]/

cfFvfsf] gfgL em}+ Kof/f] p, dfofsf] n•'

dgsf] dem]/Ldf gfRg dL7f] emÍf/ af]s]/ .

!($

gfltn] 5ftLdf nftLn] xfg]sf] lgsf] nfU5

slnnf tL xftn] h'Fuf tfg]sf] lgsf] nfU5

x/]s lqmofsnfkdf jfT;Non] ljef]/ x'G5'

p;n] dnfO{ v]Ng] ;fyL 7fg]sf] lgsf] nfU5 .

108 | jf;' zdf{

!(%

ltd|f] dfofn' d':sfgsf] ;w}+ sb/ u/]sf] 5' d}n]

ltd|f rfxgfx¿nfO{ klg ;w}+ ;b/ u/]sf] 5' d}n]

dfof hfnsf] ;fª\nfn] afFlwP/ jl;e"t g} eP5'

cfˆg} /x/x¿nfO{ r}+ a? ;w}+ ab/ u/]sf] 5' d}n] .

!(^

rflx+b}g w]/} dnfO{ Ps lkTsf] dfof lbP k'U5

ltd|f] w8\sgdf aHg] ;ËLtsf] dfof lbP k'U5

u'gf;fx¿ s]xL 5g\ ltd|f eg] ;xif{ :jfut u5{'

xs} ef] ltd|f], u'gf;f] ;lxtsf] dfof lbP k'U5 .


!(&

pgn] h:t} d}n] klg a]:;/L dfof u/]sf] 5'

dfofsf] km/flsnf] hª\3f/ pgL;+u} t/]sf] 5'

dfofsf] afnL xfd|f] /fd|/L k'mnfpg kmnfpg

dfofsf jLpx¿ d}n] klg pgL;+u} 5/]sf] 5' .

!(*

x/]s kN6 ltdL l/;fpFbf ToxL Ps uLt ;DemG5' d

l/;fO;s]kl5 lg:sif{df x'g] ltd|f] hLt ;DemG5' d

clt Kof/f] nfU5 ltd|f] l/;sf] Tof] cr"s c:q klg

s] l/; s] d':sfg ;a} g} d]/} lglDt k|Lt ;DemG5' d .

110 | jf;' zdf{

!((

ltdLn] ky cf]5ØfOlbof} To;sf] klys ePF d

xif{n] pT;j dgfof} / t To;df ;l/s ePF d

lgDtf]kq k7fpg' kb}{gYof] dnfO{, cfOxfNy]+ lg

lgofn]/ x]/ cfˆg} d'6'nfO{, slt ghLs ePF d .

@))

dHhfn] xfF; ltdL, ltdL xfF;]sf] v'N5

xfF;]/ k|k'mNn dgn] dfof ufF;]sf] v'N5

xfF;f] lagfsf] cw/ h"g lagfsf] /ft e}+m

d'xf/sf] sf]nfhdf xfF;f] 6fF;]sf] v'N5 .


@)!

ltd|f] dfofsf] 5xf/Ldf al;/x'F h:tf]

ltd|} cfFvfsf] de]m/Ldf v]ln/x'F h:tf]

Ps} lgd]if x6\b}g gh/ rxf5{ dgleq

ltd|f] To} dgsf] t/]nLdf 3'ld/x'F h:tf] .

@)@

ltdLn] eGof} d}n] ;'g]+

ltd|f s'/f dgdg} u'g]+

;f]x|} cfgf ;To eGof}

clg t ltdLnfO{ r'g]+ .

112 | jf;' zdf{

@)#

d':sfg dfUof}, lbg rfx]+ / cf]+7df v]nfPF

v'zL afF8]/ cfk"mn] ;w}+ ;':s]/fx¿ sdfPF

gdfu w8\lsg] d'6', Tof] plxNo} n'l6;Sof}

n'6]/fsf] ;+ut t/ dL7f], d n'l6P/} /dfPF .

@)$

w]/} kl5 kf] af]Nof} t, d t 5Ss} k/]+ lg

s0f{k|Lo df]lxgL af]nLdf d t n} k/]+ lg

n]pm g} hld;s]sf] lyof] dgsf] leQfdf

tfhf eP :d[lt k]ml/, d t dVv} k/]+ lg .


@)%

w'gx¿ klg n'l6P, kfOg lhGbuLsf] uLt ufpg

d'6'leq nfu]sf] 3fpmdf ld7f;sf] dNxd nfpg

;':s]/fx¿sf] d"No gx'Fbf] /x]5 n'6]/fsf] b'lgofFdf

cfz /lQ 5}g ca kL8f af]s]/ To} b'lgofF wfpg .

@)^

dfof u5'{ eGg]n] g} lk7 b]vfO{ lx+8] kl5

nfv} lalGt u/] klg l96 b]vfO{ lx+8] kl5

3fon ag]sf] a}+;fn' dg t8\lkg] g} eof]

…8'g6 kmnf] dLÚsf] …lr6Ú b]vfO{ lx+8] kl5 .

114 | jf;' zdf{

@)&

c?sf] xfF;f] vf];]/ xfF:g ldNg] eP d xfFl;lbGy]+

b'lgofFel/sf] xfF;f]x¿ vf];]/ dfnfx¿ d ufFl;lbGy]+

/x/x¿ d]/f klg 5g\ dgel/ pHofnf] 5/]/ /dfpg]

x[bosf] leQfdf xfF;f]sf tL dfnfx¿ d 6fFl;lbGy]+ .

@)*

dnfO{ kTy/x¿;+u af]Ng ;xh nfU5

ltg};+u dgsf s'/f vf]Ng ;xh nfU5

kTy/sf] eGbf s8f /x]5 dfG5]sf] dg

a? kTy/s} dg l5rf]Ng ;xh nfU5 .


@)(

bz}+ ltxf/ cfpg} nfUbf 3/ cfFug ;lDemPF

/dfO{ v]n]sf] lnª] lkª cfxf Û emg\ ;lDemPF

u'lGhG5g\ sfgdf dfGoj/sf cflzj{rgx¿

b"/af6} cfzLjf{b yfKg cfkmGthg ;lDemPF .

@!)

ofb cfpF5 kv]6] vf]nfdf uË6f df/L vfPsf]

kms{bf v]l/ vnËf agdf s6'; emf/L vfPsf]

lhGbuLsf] Tof] :jl0f{d ;do ;fyLefO{x¿;+u

6\jfSs lk/f] h'gf/ ;fFb]/ cf/Lsf cf/L vfPsf] .

116 | jf;' zdf{

@!!

cfdfn] b]sf] rf/fgf af]sL xf6df hfFbfsf] zfg Tof]

pl;g]sf] e6df;sf] Ps efu k"/} lsGbfsf] zfg Tof]

bf/]uf}+8f] rf}tf/f]sf] rKn]6L 9'+ufdf kn]6L s;]/ a;L

;fyLefO{ ldnL pl;g]sf] e6df; vfFbfsf] zfg Tof] .

@!@

pmv' k]n]/ ;Vv/ ksfsf] lbg e~Hofªdf af; x'GYof]

kfSg nfu]sf] ;Vv/sf] lkmFhsf] t/ vfg] cfz x'GYof]

lxpF vf]nfdf em/L kf}8L v]ln;sL pmv'sf] nfFqmf] 6]s]/

psfnf] r9\b} aft dfb}{ vfsf] pmv'sf] /; vf; x'GYof] .


@!#

c:tfP5 Pp6f rxlsnf] tf/f, >4f~hln ck{0f

zf]sfs'n 5 snf hut ;f/f, >4f~hln ck{0f

ljwfg xf] c/] ljlwsf], ljlwn] nUof] dg'hafa'nfO{

t/ ;'lDkP/ uP afFsL cleef/f, >4f~hln ck{0f .

@!$

z/L/ ljsnfË lyof] t s] < ljrf/ ;jnfË hf] lyof]

ct'No 1fgsf e08f/ lyP, lj1fgsf] 5nfª hf] lyof]

clk{G5' d >4f;'dg xlsªnfO{, c:tfP tf/f tL cfh

pkxf/ ltgsf] ;do rqmsf] l;4fGt ;jf{Ë hf] lyof] .

118 | jf;' zdf{

@!%

x] b}j Û lsg lxsf{of} nf7L l;h{gf lgdf]7\b}

/dfpFb} xfF:b} 3/ kms]{sf tL ;kgf lgdf]7\b}

s] la/fd lyof] kmqmg tof/ sf]lknfx¿sf] <

ljkb\sf] j[li6 u/fof} lsg ljkgf lgdf]7\b} <

@!^

b}jsf] nf7L ah|G5 lsg af/Daf/ yfKnfdf

ljkb\sf] rqm kb{5 lsg nuftf/ yfKnfdf

e"sDk clg af9L / klx/f], cfFwLsf] lagfz

s;/L vKg' b'Mvsf] rf]6 tf/Gtf/ yfKnfdf .


@!&

af9L / klx/f] b}jsf] nf7L qmGbg ;'lg+b}5

3/sf] rfjL c?sf] xftdf /f]bg ;'lg+b}5

ha 6'6\nf w}o{sf] afFw, gbLsf] afFw klg

pn]{nf :jfledfg cbDo, :kGbg ;'lg+b}5 .

@!*

ha otf lxhf] cfsfz lgs} yls{of]

ptfsf] af9L ;De]m/ d]/f] ;f;} ;ls{of]

s] u/L ;xFb} xf]nfg\ :jhgx¿n] kL8f

6f9f k/b]zdf d]/f] d'6' r/Ss rls{of] .

120 | jf;' zdf{

@!(

8'Nb}5g\ ;"Idsl0fsf b]z b]zfGt/, r'gf}lt dfG5]nfO{

d[To'sf] ljif 5b}{ oq tq ;dfgfGt/, r'gf}lt dfG5]nfO{

g sf]xL 7"nf] g ;fgf], g wd{ g hft, h'6\g] a]nf xf] of]

lhTnf dfG5]n] Tofu]df dt dtfGt/, r'gf}lt dfG5]nfO{ .

@@)

lbgdf xf];\ jf /ftdf Pp6} t/ª\u 5fpF5, ;'/Iffsf]

efOa/ xf];\ jf d];]Gh/ Pp6} ;Gb]z cfpF5, ;'/Iffsf]

cfkm" hf]lug / c?nfO{ hf]ufpg sf]/f]gfsf] sx/af6

3/d} a;f}+ s]xL ;do 3/ dfq Ps 7fpF 5, ;'/Iffsf] .


@@!

;+Vof uGb}5g\ ;+Vof eGb}5g\ lbg/ft ;dfrf/x¿

sf]/f]gfn] lk|ohg u'dfP/ lg:s]sf ljXjn pb\uf/x¿

;nfd cu|k+lQmsf of]4f tL :jf:YosdL{x¿nfO{

/, tL lj1x¿ hf] vf]Hb}5g\ /f]syfd / pkrf/x¿ .

@@@

cb[Zo Jofwfaf6 aRg 3/df g} n's]/ a;]sf] 5'

lbge/ l6eLsf] kbf{df ;dfrf/ 9's]/ a;]sf] 5'

cGodg:s lrQn] cfef vf]Hb} k/ lIflthlt/

;dosf] of] cgf}7f] cfb]z;Fu em's]/ a;]sf] 5' .

122 | jf;' zdf{

@@#

cfcf];\ o;/L ls v'zLn] gfrf];\ hu ;f/f

wf]cf];\ dgsf] d}nf], vGofO{ lko"if hnwf/f

6?g\ ljkb\ cf} Joflw, u'l~hof];\ zflGtw'g

sfdgf 5 gofF jif{ of] agf];\ b'Mvdf ;xf/f .

@@$

gofF cfpg] jif{n] zflGt lnP/ cfcf];\ x}

b'v]sf] dgn] ca dNxd nfpg kfcf];\ x}

gxf];\ kL8fsf] v]tL b'MvL dgx¿df km]l/

hfg] jif{n] b'Mv ;a} ;fy} lnO{ hfcf];\ x} .


@@%

;do xf] lalt/xG5, lbg, dlxgf / jif{

x/]s knn] lhGbuLnfO{ u5{ dL7f] :kz{

Ps a9L tLg aL; j;Gt kf/ ubf{ cfh

8'ln/x]5g\ clj/fd pNnf;, pdË / xif{ .

@@^

n§fO{af6 r'Fl8Psf] rËfsf] wfuf] /x]5 ;do

kx/f]df 7f]lSsP/ alu/xg] 5fFuf] /x]5 ;do

s] gk'u]/ xf] < c;Gt'li6sf] 89]nf] dgdf ;w}+

dgsf] 89]nf]df blGs/x]sf] cfuf] /x]5 ;do .

124 | jf;' zdf{

@@&

wgfTds ef] ls C0ffTds, s] ef] lhGbuL <

;xh ;/n ls jfWofTds, s] ef] lhGbuL <

/dfP/ xfF;]s} 5 x/bd kL8fn] lryf]/] klg

syfgs ef] ls sfJofTds, s] ef] lhGbuL <

@@*

a]:;/L dlRrP/ xlNnPsf] lkª /x]5 lhGbuL

uf]? h'wfO{df k'mlSnPsf] l;ª /x]5 lhGbuL

y'k|} x08/x¿sf] z"n–zøofdf ;'t]sf] 5 t}klg

Pp6f :jKgLn ;fd|fHosf] lsª /x]5 lhGbuL .


126 | jf;' zdf{

Swabhiman Dukhdaichha Ajhai

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