Progressive Crop Consultant May/June 2021

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Percent Broadleaf Weeds Percent Alfalfa Plants Yield (lb/A in 100% dry weight 100 75 50 25 0 100 75 50 25 0 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 PERCENT COVER OF BROADLEAVES AT FIRST CUTTING (6/8/20) No pre-plant treatment Glyphosate pre-plant Tillage pre-plant Raptor In-season PERCENT COVER OF ALFALFA AT FIRST CUTTING (6/8/20) No pre-plant treatment Glyphosate pre-plant Raptor In-season No In-season control ALFALFA YIELDS AT FIRST CUTTING (6/8/20) Tillage pre-plant Figure 2. Effect of early weed management and follow-up in-season weed management on percent cover of alfalfa at first cutting. No pre-plant treatment Glyphosate pre-plant Tillage pre-plant Raptor In-season No In-season control Figure 1. Broadleaf weed cover at first harvest as affected by pre-plant and in-season weed control (June 8, 2020) (all figures courtesy S. Light.) No In-season control Figure 3. Yield of the first cutting of alfalfa as affected by affected by early season and in-season weed management. # Alfalfa plants per 20x20cm quadrant ALFALFA STAND COUNTS AFTER FIRST CUTTING No pre-plant treatment Glyphosate pre-plant Tillage pre-plant Raptor In-season No In-season control Figure 4. Alfalfa stand counts at first cutting showing significant effects of early pre-plant treatments as well as the effect of in-season herbicide treatment. Stand count data was collected after first cutting (see results in Figure 4.) (All photos by S. Light.) Continued from Page 16 the pre-plant weed control treatments having more alfalfa than the control. May 14, 2020 Weed Counts* Grasses + sedges: There were not many grasses or sedges in the field. Broadleaves: There were significantly less broadleaves in the plots that had pre-plant weed control (glyphosate or tillage) and in the plots that had Raptor applied in-season. Alfalfa: There was significantly more alfalfa in the plots that had pre-plant weed control (glyphosate or tillage) and in the plots that had an in-season herbicide. *Data not shown Broadleaf Weeds Dominated at First Cutting There were significantly more broadleaf weeds in the plots that had no pre-plant weed control (glyphosate or tillage) (Figure 1). Additionally, the plots that had Raptor applied in-season reduced broadleaf weeds down to negligible levels compared with no in-season treatment (Figure 1). There were not many grasses or sedges in the field; however, there were more grasses in the side of the field with no in-season herbicide application. Alfalfa Stand There was significantly more alfalfa at first cutting in the plots that had pre-plant weed control (glyphosate or tillage) and in the plots that had an in-season herbicide (Figure 2). Weeds in the no pre-plant treatment essentially killed many of the young seedlings due to weed competition. This is a key issue since early growth and establishment of alfalfa seedlings sets the stage for vigorous growth over many years of production. This is demonstrated by the number of alfalfa plants in a 20x20 cm quadrant after first cutting (Figure 4). There were significant differences in the alfalfa stand after first cutting. With regard to pre-plant treatments, both glyphosate spray and tillage pre-plant significantly increased alfalfa stand compared to the plots with no pre-plant treatment. Enhanced Yields Alfalfa yields were near zero for the plots where early control was not applied (Figure 4). Additionally, yields were improved over 90% when an in-season weed control was applied (Figure 4). This yield data is only for the first cutting of the stand, not for the full first year of production. There were significant differences in alfalfa yield between pre-plant treatments and plots that had no pre-plant weed control (Figure 3). Both the glyphosate and tillage pre-plant 18 Progressive Crop Consultant May / June 2021
treatments increased yields. In addition, the Raptor spray significantly increased yields compared to plots without in-season control. A combination of early weed control combined with in-season weed control was the most successful at controlling weeds and enhancing alfalfa yields. Biomass was separated into alfalfa (Figure 3, see page 18) and weeds after plots were hand-harvested. Alfalfa and weeds were then weighed separately by plot. There were significantly more weeds by weight in the side of the field that did not get the herbicide spray in season compared to the side that did get an herbicide spray. However, within one side of the field (Raptor or not), there were no significant differences by pre-plant treatment. In other words, even though there was more alfalfa in the plots with pre-plant weed control, there were also more weeds. The photo taken at harvest show how heavy the weed pressure was even in plots with Glyphosate and tillage pre-plant that did not have in-season herbicide application. When comparing plots with the same pre-plant treatments with or without in-season herbicide spray, plots that were tilled pre-plant did not have significantly different stand counts regardless of in-season herbicide treatment. However, within the plots that were sprayed with glyphosate pre-plant, those that also were sprayed with Raptor in-season had significantly higher alfalfa stand counts than those without in-season control. Conclusions The data shows that controlling weeds prior to planting, either with shallow tillage or an herbicide spray (glyphosate), will reduce weed pressure, increase yields and lead to a stronger alfalfa stand after first cutting. There were also differences between plots that got an in-season herbicide and those that did not. Yields were highest in plots that had both pre-plant weed control and an in-season herbicide. The plots with the highest stand counts after first cutting were also the plots that had Continued on Page 20 NAVEL ORANGEWORM MANAGEMENT — Kevin Davies, Tehama Angus Ranch Kevin’s IPM Program LEARN MORE CIDETRAK ® NOW MESO INCORPORAT ED INSECT PHEROMONE & KAIROMONE SYSTEMS Your Edge – And Ours – Is Knowledge. trece.com © 2021, Trécé Inc., Adair, OK USA • TRECE, PHEROCON and CIDETRAK are registered trademarks of Trece, Inc., Adair, OK USA • TRE-1851, 12/20 ® May / June 2021 www.progressivecrop.com 19
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Progressive Crop Consultant May/June 2021

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