Introduction to Human Geography (2nd Edition), 2019a

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INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN GEOGRAPHY POPULATION AND HEALTH Figure 2.21 | Diabetes Morbidity 2015 18 Author | David Dorrell Source | Original Work License | CC BY SA 4.0 Figure 2.22 | Malaria Incidence 2015 19 Author | David Dorrell Source | Original Work License | CC BY SA 4.0 Due to the work of numerous organizations, a number of diseases in many parts of the world have been reduced and some have been eradicated. Smallpox millions of cases thirty years ago to single digits in recent years. Other diseases have been dramatically reduced. Polio once infected millions of people per year across the world, but through vaccination programs, its range has been reduced to just two countries. Page | 37
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN GEOGRAPHY POPULATION AND HEALTH There is now even a category of diseases known as re-emerging diseases. These are diseases that were previously thought to be eradicable but are now returning to populations that had previously been largely free of them. Re-emerging diseases are diseases like tuberculosis and diphtheria that had been declining for decades that have begun to increase in prevalence. 2.9 SUMMARY The human population is growing, but not as much as it has in the recent past. The growth is not even, with some places growing rapidly and other places losing growth is place-bound as well; highly developed places with low populations often use more resources than less developed places with more people. The impact of population can be measured in a number of ways, with each measurement providing a small insight into the dynamics of the human population. Uneven population growth and poverty are the two most important factors underlying the subject of our next chapter, Migration. 2.10 KEY TERMS DEFINED Agricultural density: The number of farmers per unit area of arable land. Arithmetic density: The population of a country divided by its total land area. Carrying capacity: The maximum population size that the environment can sustain Cartogram: map in which some thematic mapping variable—such as population—is substituted for land area or distance. Cohort: Crude birth rate: Total number of live births per 1,000 of a population in a year. Crude death rate: Total number of deaths per 1,000 of a population in a year. Demographic transition: The transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country or region develops. Dependency ratio: Doubling time: The period of time required for a population to double in size. Ecological Fallacy: Characteristics about the nature of individuals are deduced from inference for the group to which those individuals belong. Ecumene: The Greek concept of the habitable part of the Earth Infant mortality rate: The number of infant deaths that occur for every 1,000 live births. Life expectancy: The number of years that one is expected to live as determined by statistics. Page | 38
Page 1: Introduction to HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Edi
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9Development and Wealth Todd Lindle
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and Food Georgeta Connor 10Agricult
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11 Industry David Dorrell and Todd
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Settlements Georgeta Connor 12Human
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