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WORLD SPORTS & OUTDOORSSurvey Takes Stock of Native Tree ProductionUsing locally sourced native plant material for forest restorationprojects results in more successful plantings, minimizesrisk of introducing invasive pests and disease pathogens andtranslates to economic benefits for the state and local communities.However, as a recent survey discovered, Vermont isexperiencing a shortage of native tree seedlings for restorationwork, and demand is expected to increase by more than halfin the next 5-10 years.To quantify the native tree seedling shortage in Vermont,restoration practitioners from Lake Champlain Sea Grant andthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recently conducted a surveytargeting existing and aspiring native tree nursery operatorsspecializing in native trees for riparian forest and wetlandrestoration projects. The survey complements earlier work(https://go.uvm.edu/plant-source) exploring plant materialsourcing needs among restoration organizations like watershedgroups and conservation districts.For this latest survey, the researchers collected data on thenumber of units, type (e.g., bare-root, container or other type),size and species grown and/or sold annually. Nursery operatorsalso were asked whether they are able to meet currentdemand, if they would expand if they had the resources andabout the challenges and limitations they face that impactproduction.A total of 18 individuals, representing seven existing nurseriesand 11 aspiring growers, responded to the survey, conductedby Alison Adams and Annalise Carington. Adams isCyanobacteria Blooms are Continuing into FallNew Perry Hill Trail Extension Promotes Trail Sustainability and Improves User ExperienceWaterbury Area Trails Alliance (WATA) and The VermontDepartment of Forests, Parks, and Recreation (FPR), whichowns and manages the Perry Hill Block within the CC PutnamState Forest, are excited to announce the opening of a 1,500-foot extension to the Six Flags Trail at Perry Hill. The newsection of multi-use mountain bike trail will connect Joe’sTrail to the Main Climb and will support mountain biking andpedestrian activities. The new trail section will allow for theclosure of the Duct Tape Trail which was receiving limiteduse and required a high degree of annual maintenance.FPR and WATA have been working together to evaluate thePerry Hill Trail network and identify projects that willincrease trail sustainability and improve user experience. Thistrail realignment provides for increased expert-level riding ina section of the network that has seen lower use over theyears. It is hoped that the new trail alignment and features willattract increased use to this area of the parcel, more evenlydistributing use across the network.“This modification to the network was a really strong proposalfrom WATA,” said FPR Forest Recreation SpecialistWalter Opuszynski. “This is an example of one of our partnersrecognizing they had a trail on the network that did not meetsustainable trail specifications. They found a creative solutionthat also improves the trail user experience and strengthensthe network as a whole.”Trail construction work was performed by Ide Ride, aVermont-based trail building company, as well as groups ofvolunteers. Most of the upper portion of the new trail tread isconstructed on bedrock, bringing a unique experience tousers. Given the steep rock roll-out and challenging topography,Six Flags is rated a double black diamond and is likely tobecome a Perry Hill classic similar to the experience found onJoe’s Trail.John Duston, WATA Program Director, recognizes theimportance of the effort: “This new section is an incredibleexample of what Perry Hill has to offer. The community haspage 24 The WORLD November 3, 2021the watershed forestry coordinator for Lake Champlain SeaGrant and University of Vermont Extension. Carington worksas a conservation specialist with the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService and the Intervale Center in Burlington.According to the survey, annual plant material sales forFoliage season is in full swing and thesummer heat is fast becoming a memory, buthealth officials want Vermonters to still be onthe lookout for cyanobacteria blooms andavoid any they see.“Cyanobacteria blooms most often occur inthe summer months, but they have beenreported as late as November in recent years,”said Bridget O’Brien, an environmentalhealth scientist with the Department ofHealth. “People continue to be out enjoyingthe state’s waters, so it’s important to beaware that cyanobacteria may still be present,and to keep children and pets away fromblooms along the shorelines.”Cyanobacteria are tiny microorganismsthat are a natural part of fresh water ecosystems.Under certain conditions – includingwarm, sunny weather – cyanobacteria canmultiply quickly, creating blooms on thewater’s surface that can wash up along shorelines.They can produce toxins harmful tohumans and animals that may cause skinrashes, diarrhea, a sore throat, stomach problems,or more serious health problems.Children and pets are at higher risk becausethey are more likely to drink the water whileswimming or playing, and pets may lick thecyanobacteria off their fur.Climate change has increased water temperaturesby 2°F to 7°F in Lake Champlainover the past 50 years and extended the warmseason by several weeks. This and other factorsprovide favorable conditions for continuedcyanobacteria blooms.“If you come into contact with water thatmay contain cyanobacteria, rinse off as soonas possible,” said O’Brien. “If you get yourdrinking water from a lake or a pond, be sureto treat it. Don’t use untreated water fordrinking, cooking, showering or bathing, orfor brushing your teeth.”O’Brien said it’s important to know what tolook for. Blooms are usually green or bluegreenand can often make the water look likepea soup or spilled paint, but they can beother colors and consistencies too. A video ofcyanobacteria and photos of what is and isn’ta bloom are available at healthvermont.gov/cyanobacteria.If you think you see a bloom, you can sendin a report and upload photos to the HealthDepartment using this online form. Peopleheading to the water can check theCyanobacteria Tracker map for where bloomshave been reported – but remember thatbloom conditions can and do change rapidly.If you think you see a cyanobacteriabloom:• Avoid contact with the water.• Do not let children, pets or livestock swimin or drink the water.• If you come in contact with cyanobacteria,rinse off thoroughly as soon as possible.• Talk with your health care provider if youhave concerns from possible exposure.Learn more about cyanobacteria at healthvermont.gov/cyanobacteria.• • •• • •restoration projects, including from both in-state and out-ofstatenurseries, totaled approximately 133,000 units this year.Around 50 percent of total sales (66,000 stems) came fromstock purchased from out-of-state nurseries for resale inVermont.The majority (115,300 stems) of all stems sold were bareroot,the preferred plant type for restoration projects due to thelower cost and ease of transport. Of the out-of-state sales,64,000 were bare-root stems, representing 56 percent of allbare-root material sold.Among the limitations cited by growers were the availabilityof seed and cuttings for propagation, lack of knowledgeabout proper seed and cuttings collection protocols and handlingtechniques and cost of specialized equipment for seedprocessing and storage. All existing nurseries that respondedindicated that they would expand production if they had thecapital and other resources.The survey concluded that while restoration projects helpimprove water quality, the ecological benefits to sourcingtrees locally also are significant, including locally adaptedgenetics of trees and limiting risk of spreading pests andpathogens. Developing a larger in-state nursery labor forcewill help meet the rapidly growing demand for local nativeplant material and keep dollars spent on trees in Vermont.To learn more, go to https://go.uvm.edu/tree-stock or tuneinto a recent podcast produced by the Watershed ForestryPartnership at https://go.uvm.edu/native-tree-shortage.Vermont and the USDA Forest Service Sign anAgreement for Shared StewardshipThe state of Vermont and the USDA ForestService signed an Agreement for SharedStewardship, strengthening their commitmentto collaborative land management effortsthroughout the state. The signatories on theagreement were Julie Moore, Secretary,Agency of Natural Resources and RandyMoore, Chief of the USDA Forest Service.The agreement establishes a framework toallow the state and the Forest Service to workcollaboratively on forest management. Thisincludes outdoor recreation, which has beenessential to many American’s health and wellnessduring the pandemic.“The agreement signed today is a reflectionof the spirit of cooperation between thebeen looking for more technical trails and by finding this vein ofrock coupled with the talents of Ide Ride Builders, we now have afantastic new section of trail in this State Forest”.Agency and the USDA Forest Service thatextends back decades,” Secretary Moore said.“Further, it solidifies our partnership forfuture leaders in both agencies and ensuressynergy for true conservation of forests andother natural resources which rely on ourforests, including clean air and water, wildlife,plants and fish.”“Shared Stewardship strengthens our commitmentto coordinating and prioritizing forestmanagement activities using our collectiveresources and authorities,” said ChiefMoore. “With a collaborative approach, ourefforts will continue to provide abundantresources and diverse habitats in the state ofVermont.”The federal, state, and private land managersin Vermont face a range of urgent challenges,among them catastrophic storms,flooding, insect and disease outbreaks, invasivespecies and increasing use from thepublic. These challenges must be met withproactive measures across all lands to ensurethe future of healthy and resilient forests.Through working together, developingjoint priorities, and using collective authorities,the state and the Forest Service can besure that the scale of the work will match thescale of the challenge. With a collaborativeapproach, we can do more to ensure forestscontinue to provide clean air and water,diverse plant and animal habitat, and supportstrong and resilient communities.“We tip our visor to WATA and FPR for such a wonderfultrail,” said WATA business partner Noah Tautfestof Bicycle Express. “It’s a really good addition to thenetwork and it’s great to see a technical trail beingbuilt. This is what our community has been waitingfor.”The total cost of this construction project was$18,000. Annual WATA membership dues, along withthe generosity of local business partners, helped coverthe construction cost.WATA is currently working with volunteers to performthe closeout work on Duct Tape Trail. Close-outwork will include the installation of multiple waterbars, the removal of culverts and bridges, and revegetationwork that will support the old trail returning to amore natural condition. It is estimated that this workwill take 90 hours of volunteer labor. If you would liketo join in these efforts, please visit https://www.waterburytrails.com/eventsto see upcoming trail workdates.Founded by a dedicated and skilled group of localleaders in 2015, Waterbury Area Trails Alliance(WATA) is the third largest Vermont Mountain BikeAssociation chapter with over 1300 members. WATA isa primarily volunteer-run organization that builds andmaintains trails for a healthy, vibrant, and sustainablefuture. WATA represents a growing segment of trailusers and businesses that are committed to enhancingand maintaining our Waterbury area trails for the benefitof residents and visitors alike.The Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation(FPR) is responsible for the conservation and managementof Vermont’s forest resources, the operation andmaintenance of the State Park system, and the promotionand support of outdoor recreation for Vermontersand our visitors.
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