Goju Ryu Karate Centre Handbook 2021 final version

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Goju Ryu Karate Centre Handbook

Contents

About our dojo 4

About our instructors 5

About our style 6

Karate: A Brief Introduction 6

OGKK: Okinawan Goju Ryu Karate Do Kyokai 6

What does the term “traditional karate” really mean? 6

What are the benefits of traditional karate over modern fighting styles? 6

Dojo rules and etiquette 7

Etiquette rules 7

Dojo hierarchy 8

Dojo Kun 8

Dress code 9

How To Best Care for a Gi 9

Gradings 10

What are gradings? 10

Grading etiquette 10

Grading Criteria 10

The Infamous Probation Belts 11

FPMD 11

Catch-up Gradings 11

Ranking systems at GRKC 11

Why the stripes? Can’t they just change belt colours? 12

What’s the Big Deal about Black Belt? 13

What a Black Belt Represents 13

How to Stitch on a Stripe 15

Fees and affiliations 16

What are affiliation fees for? 16

Fees 16

The Role of Parents in the Dojo 17

How can I best support my child’s karate? 17

The Dojo’s Approach to Dealing with School Bullying 19

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Our Youtube Channel 21

Our Dojo and Tournaments 22

Basic terminology 23

Traditional Okinawan Training Equipment (Hojo undo) 26

All the information contained in this handbook remains the intellectual property of Goju Ryu Karate Centre, and is not to be distributed to those who are not

members of the dojo.

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About our dojo

Goju Ryu Karate Centre was established in 1978 by Sensei Paul Andre, and spread out to a number of schools in the

Florida area. The dojo, as an entity, has had several homes, including Kilburn Centre, Florida Park shopping centre and

the Discovery recreation centre.

In 1999, Sensei Aubrey Pieterse bought the dojo, and then it was taken over by Sensei Ché Jagger in 1999, who runs it

today. For much of its history, the dojo was financially managed and administered by Mr Johan Meyer, from whom

Sensei Jagger officially bought the dojo in 2002. The dojo is currently the Hombu dojo for OGKK Gauteng, and has a

branch dojo in Qatar, run by Sensei Davina Erwee (2 nd dan), and another in Old Parks, Bordeaux, run by Sensei Nigel Jirira

(2nd dan).

The dojo has always been a Goju Ryu dojo, though it has changed federations throughout its 40 year-odd history,

starting with SAGA (South African Goju Ryu Association), Jundokan International, Seiwakai/JKF Goju Kai, then ISMAA

(International Shorei Martial Arts Academy), KDIR (Karate Do International Renmei)/Jundokan Sho Hombu, and now

under OGKK (Okinawan Goju Ryu Karate-do Kyokai). This has led to Sensei Jagger’s wide education under a variety of

great karate practitioners, and influences our dojo’s ethos and spirit.

GRKC now calls Florida Hills home, with an established dojo on the property and a beautiful garden dojo, in the style of

Miyagi-Sensei. Our dojo believes in the power of hard work, diversity and resilience, and tries to instil these values in our

students. Our focus is on traditional Okinawan Goju Ryu, as informed by the teachings of Ei’ichi Miyazato and overseen

by our federation in Okinawa. As such, sports karate is a very small part of what we teach, but we keep it as a small part

of our syllabus as it has important lessons to teach about composure under pressure, as well as winning and losing

gracefully.

One of our defining features is the welcome ceremony for every new student who joins the dojo. This is when Sensei

makes a deal with the student, in that they will do their best to follow our instructions and guidance, and we promise to

teach karate-do to the very best of our ability. The Sensei will tie the student’s belt on to symbolise their membership of

the dojo, and present them with a nafudakake board. This board, more commonly called a name board, goes up on the

wall to show where the student fits into the dojo family. Ours are arranged by age group, and then rank. This shows the

student the journey before them, as well as all those who walk before them, and are here to guide and help them reach

black belt and beyond.

We look forward to sharing a long, rewarding karate journey with you, and we are honoured to teach, and learn from

our students.

PS: Thank you for reading our handbook! It will be revised every year, so if there are any ideas, issues or areas of interest

you would like us to add, please let us know.

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About our instructors

Ché Jagger

Owner and Instructor at Goju Ryu Karate Centre

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5th Dan Black Belt (ratified by OGKK)

Affiliated to KSA (Karate South Africa), Gauteng Karate and Johannesburg Karate

Shibu licence holder for OGKK

● Protea competitor (2006 – 2008)

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National coach

Bachelor of Physical Education (University of Witwatersrand)

Level 3 First aid

● Started training 1981

● Junior black belt: 1989 – Senior black belt: 1993

Ché has been a student, competitor, in-house deshi, coach, sempai (big brother/mentor) and sensei in the Goju Ryu

Karate Centre. He started in this dojo under Paul Andre Sensei at the age of 5, and received his junior black belt at 14

under Aubrey Pieterse Sensei. Along the way he has been fortunate to train under many great teachers,

including Higaonna Morio Sensei and Chinen Teruo Sensei. In his downtime, Sensei Jagger is an avid gardener, DIY fundi,

reader of karate books and baker of bread (especially rye bread!)

● 3 rd Dan (2021)

Zoë Jagger-Hinis

Dojo Administrator and assistant instructor

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Affiliated to KSA (Karate South Africa), Gauteng Karate and Johannesburg Karate

Level 3 first aid

● Completed Uchi-deshi course 2015 - 2017

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Producer for the dojo Youtube channel

BA Hons (Rhodes University)

Nisaa Counselling Course for Survivors of Rape and Abuse Certificate

● Started training in Goju Ryu in 2006

● 1 st black belt: 2014

Zoë has been studying martial arts since the age of 11, when she began with Judo. She discovered Goju Ryu in her first

week at university in 2006, and has been training in the style ever since. She also studied Aikido for six years.

After fleeing the corporate world to become a deshi (in-house student), Zoë has completed her three-year instructor's

course and is licenced to teach by OGKK Gauteng. She handles all dojo admin, from accounts to events to merchandise,

as well as teaching classes. When not training, teaching, or mothering, she runs, bakes delicious (and lopsided) cakes

and reads all sorts of books. She tries to garden creatively and enjoys birdwatching. She writes about karate and martial

arts in general at her website: http://Zoehinis.com



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About our style

Karate: A Brief Introduction

Karate is a martial art that originated in Okinawa, a tiny island off the coast of

Japan. Karate draws its origins from China, as the founders went to train in

China with Kung-Fu specialists. They brought their knowledge back to Okinawa,

and over the years karate grew, taking its influences from Naha-te, Fujian

White Crane and Shaolin boxing. As karate grew and split into different schools,

each school developed its own distinctive style of training, each with its own

particular area of focus.

The style we study, Goju Ryu, means ‘hard-soft’, and combines hard

techniques with soft, adding in throws, locks and grappling. It was founded by

Chojun Miyagi and formally named in 1930. The home dojo is called the

Jundokan, which is located in Naha, Okinawa and is still open today.

The curriculum includes 12 kata, bunkai (application of kata) and sparring. It is

a style with a wide and fascinating syllabus that also includes supplementary

training (hojo undo) to increase the strength, flexibility and dexterity of

practitioners.

OGKK: Okinawan Goju Ryu Karate Do Kyokai

Our karate federation is OGKK, which is over 50 years old and was established

by Ei’ichi Miyazato, direct student of Miyagi Sensei, in order to uphold and

preserve his teachings. Our president is Hanshi Teruya Koei (10 th dan), and we

report to the heads of OGKK Africa, Sensei Elias Kattan and Sensei Lillian Kattan

(7 th dan). Kyokai means association.

Through membership of OGKK, we have direct lineage to Okinawa, giving our

karate authenticity. All students bearing OGKK certificates and books can train

in any OGKK dojo around the world, and their grade should be recognised.

What does the term “traditional karate” really mean?

Traditional karate stems from Okinawa, as Okinawa is the birthplace of karate.

A style must have roots in a ratified Okinawan federation or dojo to be considered a truly traditional art. Our dojo can

trace lineage all the way back to Sensei Miyagi, founder of Goju Ryu.

What are the benefits of traditional karate over modern fighting styles?

Traditional karate is centred on self-improvement, not on competition with others. Respect for self and others is the

foundation upon which traditional karate is built.

The injury rate is much lower when karate is practiced properly with the guidance of a good instructor. Karate can be a

life-long study, especially when combined with our understanding of modern science and biokinetics. With hardcore

fighting styles, the career of the student is short, and often ends with life-long injuries.

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Dojo rules and etiquette

Everything in the dojo begins and ends with respect. Students bow at the edge of the mat to

show their respect for the space they are about to enter. Bowing in the dojo is not a religious

act – it stems from the Japanese belief that it is a hygienic way to greet someone, rather than

shaking hands. It is simply a respectful motion. In Japan and Okinawan, one sees bowing

everywhere, from cashiers to staff at airports bowing to planes as they leave.

Every class begins with a bow, where the students and the instructor say to each other:

Onegai shimasu. This means ‘please teach me’. It is important that the instructor says this as

well, as an instructor only improves through respecting their students and learning from them

each and every class. While the style of teaching is often top down in transmission, there are

countless secret lessons for the good instructor in every class, from every student.

Part of the dojo ethos is the cultivation of discipline and respect through etiquette. By

following these basic rules, students develop manners, self-sufficiency, conscientiousness

and discipline. In a world where manners seem to be vanishing, this matters more than ever before.

Etiquette rules

Before training:

• Ensure your gi is clean and tidy, and that your belt is properly tied.

• Take your shoes and socks off before stepping on the mat and place them neatly on the shoe rack. Ensure your

feet are clean!

• If you are late, wait at the door until Sensei invites you in. Say “Gomen nasai”, which means “please excuse me”.

• If you are sick, please stay home!

• If you are injured, you are welcome to come and watch.

• Phones must be on silent mode (unless on call for an emergency) and stored safely in the black box at the back

of the mat.

• If you cannot make it to training, please excuse yourself/your child whenever possible so that we are aware of

any issues. It is a great teachable moment for kids to learn that it is common courtesy to excuse oneself from

activities where they are expected.

During training:

• If you have questions, put your hand up.

• Bow to your training partner before and after working together.

• Keep talking to a minimum so that others can concentrate.

• Train carefully and respect your classmates.

• Ask Sensei if you need to be excused from the mat.

Using Dojo Equipment

• Don’t pick up or play with ANY dojo equipment without permission. A great deal of the equipment can hurt

children if used incorrectly, and must be used under supervision

• Don’t swing around weapons, chishi, kettlebells, weights etc - this can harm fellow classmates.



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Dojo hierarchy

Because of Karate’s origins in a society with very clear social stratifications, the dojo also has different types of members.

While not as intensely formal as Japanese society, the dojo does have variations in title for students in order to create

the dojo family.

A kouhai is a junior member of the dojo, usually younger and lower in belt ranking. The kouhai learns from everyone in

the dojo. A dojo peer at the same rank and/or age is known as a douhai. But particularly important is the

Sempai-Kouhai relationship. A Sempai is a senior student, tasked with assisting the kouhai students with their learning,

showing them the ropes, as it were, and also assisting the instructor with classes, maintenance of the dojo and running

dojo events. We emphasise the respect for equipment and for training partners. In this way, we teach students respect

and responsibility. It teaches students how to give and accept criticism both from peers and seniors, and makes them

feel involved in their fellow students’ growth in the dojo. The pride on a child’s face when they have successfully taught

another student something is truly priceless. This is one method of creating the feeling of friendship and family in the

dojo.

And of course, to teach is to learn twice.

You might wonder: what’s the difference between an instructor and a Sensei? Well, it’s like the old saying goes: all

Sensei are instructors, but not all instructors are Sensei. The word Sensei is made up of two characters that literally

mean ‘born before’, but imply that the person teaches based on wisdom and experience. It should be an earned title,

used willingly by students and parents when they feel the instructor has earned it. Just as a lion doesn't have to tell you

its a lion, a Sensei doesn't force anyone to use the title. It should feel organic and earned.

Dojo Kun

A large part of dojo life is about self-respect, and it appears in our Dojo Kun, which contains eight guidelines for a

successful life in the dojo:

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Be humble and polite.

Train considering your physical strength.

Practice earnestly with creativity.

Be calm and swift.

Take care of your health.

Live a plain life.

Do not be too proud or modest.

Continue your training with patience.

(as written by Teruo Chinen Sensei)

The dojo teaches modesty alongside self-confidence. The most lasting self-confidence comes not from external

validation, but through personal accomplishment. By teaching students to train consistently, to be patient with

themselves, to be respectful of others and to take care of their health, we hope to give them life-long habits that will

carry them through life’s troubles and demands.

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Dress code

A karate suit (gi) allows students to train more comfortably, and is a symbol of their journey. It represents their

self-respect, effort and discipline.

1. Ensure your gi is kept clean.

2. Female students are to wear a dojo tshirt or plain t-shirt under their gi jackets. Male students are also

encouraged to wear a t-shirt, as it reduces the wear and tear and sweat stains on a gi jacket over time.

3. On hot days, students may wear a dojo t-shirt or a plain shirt with their belt and pants (with permission from

Sensei)

4. On normal and cold days, full gi is to be worn. On cold days, a t-shirt underneath the gi jacket and a dojo hoodie

may be worn over the gi jacket. Socks can be worn only when it is very cold, and never on the wooden floors, as

it is a slipping hazard.

5. The federation badge is worn on the left side of the gi jacket.

6. No jewelry or long nails allowed. Wedding rings can cause skin avulsions, which are horrific injuries.

7. Hair must be neat and out of the eyes.

8. All dojo clothing is to be labelled! Belts and hoodies have a tendency to be left behind.

How To Best Care for a Gi

1. Cold wash is best for extending the life-span of the cotton and preventing shrinkage

2. Wear your gi only to class, and try avoid hanging out/eating in a gi. This prevents opportunities for staining and

damage

3. If financially possible, having two suits in circulation reduces the wear and tear and expands the lifespan of both

gi.

4. Once a month, add vinegar and washing soda when washing the gi in order to combat staining and sweat smells.

(Check out our Youtube video on this for more!)



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Gradings

What are gradings?

Gradings are tests of varying levels of formality to determine if a student is ready to progress to the next kyu (level) of

their training. Students aged 5 to 16 have 3 tests a year, and students over 16 have two longer tests twice a year. The

gradings cover material taught in class, so it is important to attend training as regularly as possible in order to know the

required syllabus (just like school!)

A grading attempts to cover the syllabus taught over the last 3-6 months, and uses pressure testing to see how well the

student understands what they have learned. It is best conducted in front of a panel. Gradings get more intense the

higher a student goes, and by black belt, the test may take place over several days and over a wide syllabus to ensure

that the candidate is a worthy contender for the coveted title of shodan.

Our grading certificates are ratified by OGKK, and it means that our students’ grades are validated by our governing body

in Okinawa. This gives real meaning and weight to the rank the student receives, and as such must be treated with

respect.

The instructor’s decision regarding a student’s progress is final, and is not made lightly. Failing and passing is done at

the discretion of the Sensei and the grading panel, and we believe that failure is an important learning tool. It also

maintains the standard of our dojo if belts are not given freely to unworthy candidates, as it cheapens the hard work of

other students who do try their best and meet the criteria set by the dojo. We believe in a culture of hard work, and

teaching the students that nothing worth having is free.

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Grading etiquette

The student must wear a full suit, and after blue belt, MUST have a federation badge on the left chest of their

suit. Only once the examiner has given permission (on days of very high temperatures) may students grade in a

dojo shirt, pants and belt

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Belts must be neatly tied, hair tied back/in a headband, no long nails or jewellery

Students are to be at the grading at least 15 minutes before it starts – punctuality is an important quality to instil

in students

Bow to the grading panel and to the moderator at the beginning and end of every grading

If in possession of an OGKK karate passport, please bring it to the grading table to be stamped and updated

Grading Criteria

Every student must fulfil the following criteria to successfully grade to their next stripe or belt.

1. Time: has the student attended the requisite number of classes since their last belt? Someone who trains 2x a

week or more, as opposed to someone who trains sporadically, will be graded regularly. The minimum age for a

belt will always apply, regardless of the amount of training a student has done.

2. Content: Does the student know the required material? Can they complete the kata appropriate for their belt, or

the required bunkai? If this knowledge is inadequate, the student will either be asked to regrade in a few

months, or if they are falling just short, they will wear a probation belt (more on that below).

3. Ability/Potential: is the student training and grading to the best of their ability? Are they working hard? Are they

making the most of their talent, or given ability, or coasting through on the bare minimum?

4. Improvement: has the student improved since their last grading? This may be just purely technical

improvement, or overall improvement.

5. Dedication: does the student commit to regular training? Do they make a consistent effort to get to the dojo?

6. Character: is the student an asset to the dojo and to our art? Do they carry themselves appropriately? Are they

teachable? Do they show compassion and good manners? Bad behaviour and malice will prevent the student

from progressing, and possibly expulsion from the dojo.

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The Infamous Probation Belts

Our dojo, to our knowledge, is the only dojo with probation belts. The belts are the standard colours, but with a thick

binding through the middle of the belt colour below it. So, orange with a yellow stripe, green with an orange stripe, etc.

This is for students who have fallen just short of the next belt, and they wear these belts until they have shown the

required improvement to advance to the next belt. This way it is a visual reminder to them, their classmates and Sensei,

that they are a work in progress and are trying their best to improve.

This is not a humiliation technique – this is an encouragement for students to reach their potential. It is not given to

students who do not know their material, but rather to students who require that little bit more polish to qualify for the

next belt.

We have seen wonderful improvement and renewed commitment in the students who have worn these belts, none of

which quit karate upon being asked to wear it. It is an opportunity for fruitful failure, as children learn that nothing is

given for free in the dojo, as in life, and that with renewed commitment and resilience, they can accomplish their goals.

Pre-karate students will not fail a grading as they are not ready to see failure as an opportunity. Instead we give an

extra stripe instead of a belt colour change, and encourage them to improve before the next grading.

FPMD

On our grading forms, you will see 4 rankings: Fail, Pass, Merit, Distinction. Every student is graded on their own merit,

and NOT on a class grading curve. Because every student is graded according to their individual ability, history and

potential, their marks are a reflection of their progress, and not in relation to other class members. Please do not

compare your child’s marks to that of others, as we grade your child on THEIR merit, and not in comparison to other

students. We also know the personal context of every student - some overcome great difficulties just to get to the dojo,

or even to perform in front of Sensei. What mark each student gets and why is that student’s business.

After all, comparison is the thief of joy.

Fail: less than 50%

Pass: 50-60%

Merit: 70-80%

Distinction: 90% upwards

The above is always at Sensei's discretion.

Catch-up Gradings

Due to the sheer volume of paperwork every grading generates, please try your best to attend on the grading date.

Gradings take place over the course of a whole week in order to grade everyone. If you can’t make it to a grading, please

tell us and make a plan to grade as soon as possible after the gradings. No catch-ups will be done more than a week

after grading – the student must wait for the next grading. In December we have a 4 th grading for students who missed a

grading during the course of the year. This is by invite only.

Ranking systems at GRKC

The belt system is designed to encourage progress by giving students visible markers of their hard work. It has its history

in students’ belts getting progressively darker the longer they trained, before we had training uniforms. The ranking

system has been adopted from Judo, and while it is not infallible, it is a generally useful way to reward progress within

the dojo.

Students will change systems as they get older, and the demands of their training change. Adults and teenagers are

expected to remember more material between gradings, hence the reduced number of ranks. Children’s karate requires

less material and is broken up into more manageable chunks.



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Why the stripes? Can’t they just change belt colours?

At school, do children change grades every four months? No! So why would they change belts every four months in the

dojo?

The stripes are designed to slow students down, especially those who start at 5 years old. This is so that they do not get

stuck on brown belt at age 12, and then must wait 3-4 years for their junior black belt. It is better for them to do their

time when they are younger. The minimum age for junior black belt is 15, and 17 for a senior black belt.

We do not do accelerated gradings, and we will ratify students coming in from other styles or dojos in order to place

them at the appropriate belt. Only McDojos give black belts to children – we don’t believe that a child is equipped to

handle the responsibility and knowledge that comes with a black belt. The black belt is very serious business, as we will

get to shortly.

GRKC Grading Ranks

Pre-Karate Children’s Karate Youth Karate Adult Karate

5 – 7 years 7 – 12 years 13 – 16 years 17 and up

White belt White belt White belt White

White + 1 blue stripe White + 1 red stripe White + 1 red stripe Yellow

White + 2 blue White + 2 red stripes Yellow Orange

stripes

Junior yellow Yellow Yellow + 1 red stripe Green

Junior yellow + 1

blue stripe

Yellow + 1 red stripe Orange Green + 1 white stripe

Junior yellow + 2

blue stripes

If not quite ready for

solid yellow belt,

then + 3 stripes

The student moves

to children’s karate,

moving to yellow

belt with next

appropriate grading.

The belt will be

ratified according to

the student’s age,

dedication and

knowledge.

Yellow + 2 red stripes Orange + 1 red stripe Green + 2 white stripes

+ 3 (if not ready for next

belt or probation belt)

Orange Green Green + 3 white stripes

Orange + 1 red stripe Green + 1 red stripe Brown

Orange + 2 red stripes Blue Brown + 1 white stripe

+ 3 (if not ready for next

belt or probation belt)

Green Blue + 1 red stripe Brown + 2 white stripes

Green + 1 red stripe Purple Shodan

Green + 2 red stripes Purple + 1 red stripe Ni dan

Blue Brown San dan

Blue + 1 red stripe Brown + 1 red stripe Yon dan

Purple Brown + 1 red stripe Go dan

Purple + 1 red stripe Junior black belt

(shodan-ho)

Roku dan etc etc

Brown Black belt from 17 (Westerners generally cap

Brown + 1 red stripe years on

at 8th dan. After 5th dan,

Brown + 1 red stripe

gradings generally

Junior black belt if 15 or

happen in Okinawa.)

16 years

It is at Sensei’s discretion when a child will move from one age group to another, depending on

their maturity and ability. The system is flexible in order to match the abilities of students while

meeting the syllabus set by our home dojo in Okinawa.

Past students who return after a number of years or join from another karate dojo will be

re-evaluated and placed at the belt appropriate to their knowledge and experience, also

entirely at Sensei's discretion.

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What’s the Big Deal about Black Belt?

In our dojo, you’ll see three types of black belt:

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Junior black belt – a black belt with a white stripe

Deshi – white belt with a black band

Senior black belt – a solid black belt

Junior black belts are awarded to students aged between 15 and 17. The shodan, the senior black belt, is for candidates

over the age of 17, and implies a higher level of maturity than the junior black belt. The deshi belt symbolises that the

holder has a black belt, but is also a new kind of junior: an apprentice learning to become an instructor. This belt style is

specific to our organisation, OGKK Gauteng.

Often the goal for students is to get the coveted black belt, which in the West, is seen as the highest level of

achievement. However, here we see the disconnect between the home of martial arts and its perception overseas. In

Japan and Okinawa, a black belt simply means that someone has mastered the basics, and are now truly ready to begin

their training. Everything up to black belt is just a warm-up before the real journey begins. However, in the West it is

seen as the final achievement, the culmination of years of learning. It is because of this mindset that so many quit after

black belt. However, it is only at the black belt level that the depth of karate is revealed to the practitioner, and it

becomes even more rewarding.

The question we are most often asked is how long it takes to get a black belt. In the West, it usually takes anything from

6 to 10 years, on average. In Japan, it takes three years, but that’s because karate-ka there often train twice as much as

we do. However, we encourage students not to see a black belt as the end goal of their training, but rather a symbol of

their commitment to their improvement.

The karate journey truly begins at black belt, which is why it is so disheartening to see people quit once they get the

shiny belt. It’s the same as getting a driver’s licence and never going on a great road trip.

What a Black Belt Represents

A common, cheesy joke in karate goes like this: “how long does it take the average person to get a black belt? Wrong!

Average people don’t get black belts!”

Setting aside the problem of dojos that hand out black belts easily to keep students and make big bucks, average people

generally don’t make it to black belt. 95% of people who start karate won’t make it to black belt. At least 50% quit by the

end of their first year, never mind sticking it out long enough to get to shodan. We get used to people not making it.

Karate is hard, and to get a black belt is hard.

A traditional black belt represents hard work, commitment, time management, patience, resilience and endurance. It

means that person is coachable and open to correction and improvement. It shows loyalty. It means years of weekends

given up to training seminars, training in the cold, in the heat, when tired, when frustrated. A black belt is someone who

missed family functions and parties, who dedicated themselves to their own improvement. It is even more impressive

when the person is not especially gifted physically, or is an adult juggling work and family. Our dojo’s black belt grading is

a gruelling test of physical endurance and wide karate knowledge – the belt is not easily given, which makes it priceless

to the holder.

We also believe that having a black belt helps with applications to universities, entry-level jobs and extra courses. Like a

7 th subject at school, it helps a candidate stand out from the crowd. It can be that little something that nudges the

student into the running for a spot in a highly-contested university course, as the black belt represents the willingness to

work hard without being micromanaged. The dojo will happily provide motivation letters to students in need of them,

but we need a week's notice, please!



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When people put “black belt” on their CV, whether for a university application or a job interview, it should help them

stand out as a candidate, because of all the skills it takes to become a worthy yudansha. But what does it mean when

that person has stopped training? It is the same as those who put a first aid certificate on their CV, but it is 10 years out

of date. Beware the candidate who puts black belt on their CV, but no reference as to who they got it from or when! The

belt becomes meaningless once that person has quit, because after all that work, and all that effort, it just means that

they only care about the title, and not the meaning and responsibility that comes with it.

14

How to Stitch on a Stripe



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Fees and affiliations

What are affiliation fees for?

Every student at GRKC is expected to pay an affiliation fee to the dojo, regardless of whether they do karate or

movement education. It is also sometimes referred to as a joining fee. It is standard practice at all dojos, and goes

towards covering a number of costs.

Our affiliation fee pays for membership of OGKK. This membership ensures that our dojo is recognised as a legitimate

entity and grants us access to events, instructors and federation tournaments.

Affiliation costs also cover liability insurance, the purchasing of equipment and any further improvement and education

of the instructors, such as keeping our first aid licences current, going to seminars with head instructors and more. So for

students who do Movement Ed, their joining fee doesn’t go towards affiliations to karate governing bodies, but rather

towards dojo improvements.

For example, in 2019 we bought an AED (heart defibrillator), which is a very important piece of first aid equipment, and

it cost us an eye-watering R18,000. We believe it is a vital investment for our dojo and the safety of our students, and

hence we used affiliation fees to pay it off. We used these fees in 2020 to lay down our wooden floor, and to support our

junior instructors during lockdown. It helps replace any broken equipment, and goes towards long-term upgrades.

The reason we ask this fee upon joining, regardless of the time of the year, is that we have to pay our affiliations upfront

in March, and then reclaim the cost over the course of the year. We have to predict how many students we will have,

pay all of it at once, and then recapture it as students join over the course of the year.

Fees

This is self-explanatory, but fees help us keep the lights on, the dojo clean and instructors fed. It pays for the support

staff who help us do the very best we can, and dozens of little and large expenses. From the plasters the little ones go

through, to the sanitisers, to the invoicing software. The dojo functions best when all members are paying and we can

do our best work to support our students. Both instructors work full time as karate instructors, which is vanishingly rare

in this day and age. We can commit ourselves fully to our craft, and not have to juggle day jobs with our teaching. As

such, please ensure that all fees are paid timeously.

If you have hit a pothole in the road of life, COME SPEAK TO US! We have both had patches in our training careers when

we couldn’t afford to train: we understand. We are always open to honest discussion and trade agreements of skills or

labour against dojo fees. If you just need a month break or two because of retrenchment, sudden medical expenses, just

tell us. We will never kick your child out the dojo because of late fees, (it has nothing to do with them!) but we also

have the right to not be taken advantage of. What we do not tolerate, however, is ghosting of invoices and disappearing

without paying. Please ensure that your fees are paid, and that you check your email for invoices, especially after events

and grading. Everyone should receive a monthly invoice on the 25th of the month, and a statement on the 1st – if you

are not receiving it, please contact Zoë ASAP so that it can be corrected.

Instructors need to eat - please try your best to pay your fees.

16

The Role of Parents in the Dojo

Twice or three times a week, you suit up your little one, or remind your teen to pack their belt, and you bring your

precious children to the dojo. Every time you do, you are contributing to their long-term growth in so many ways, and

we are always honoured that parents make the time to get their kids to the dojo when there are already so many

demands on your already strained schedule.

Superficially, the role of the parent is to pay the fees and buy the uniform and do the drop-off and collecting. But like

everything else with parenting, the responsibilities and the rewards go so much deeper. We know you have the 24 hour

job of taking care of your precious children, facing difficulties and challenges every day that go unnoticed by so many.

We are privileged to work with your children for a few hours a week, and we know that it doesn’t even remotely

approach the time you commit to their wellbeing and growth.

There is only so much an instructor can do, as we only see the students in the dojo. We cannot always be aware of

family issues, school troubles and health problems. We need parents to be honest with us: to tell us if there’s

something happening at home that could be impacting their child’s training. If there’s been a death, if there’s a

divorce going on, health problems, we promise we will be discreet and considerate. Often, the dojo is a refuge, but it

might not be if the challenges of the dojo are just too much on top of a chaotic personal life. By keeping an open channel

of communication between the family and we can be aware of problems and make sure that training doesn’t compound

them.

Good karate parenting begins with the words you use. A three-decade long study conducted by B. Brown and R. Miller,

reseachers at Proactive Coaching LLC, asked college athletes what their parents told them that made them feel great

when they played sports. All that they wanted to hear their parents say was, “I love to watch you play”, not a piece of

advice, nor any words of consolation. Sometimes, saying ‘you did your best’ hurts when their best isn’t enough on the

day. As mentioned by the study:

"Sports is one of few places in a child's life where a parent can say, 'This is your thing,’ ” Miller says. "Athletics is

one of the best ways for young people to take risks and deal with failure because the consequences aren’t fatal,

they aren’t permanent. We’re talking about a game. So they usually don’t want or need a parent to rescue them

when something goes wrong.

"Once you as a parent are assured the team is a safe environment, release your child to the coach and to the

game. That way all successes are theirs, all failures are theirs."

And discussion on the ride home can be about a song on the radio or where to stop for a bite to eat. By the time

you pull into the driveway, the relationship ought to have transformed from keenly interested spectator and

athlete back to parent and child:

"We loved watching you play. … Now, how about that homework?"

If your children know that you are happy to watch them simply do their karate, and maybe watch them practice their

kata on the lawn at home, it can make a world of difference in helping them stay committed. We know how frustrating it

is when you spend tons of cash on driving to the dojo, buying equipment and sending them to gradings and seminars

and then they just quit. They can’t get to black belt without you - how you support them is so important, even when

their gradings are super boring to watch, or you don’t know what the kata should look like. If you are invested, they will

be invested. And we see the parents quit karate before the kids do, which is always a shame.

How can I best support my child’s karate?

●

●

●

Ensure consistent training as much as possible. Like a great ad says - consistency is the only currency that

matters. The difference in knowledge and ability between sporadic students and diligent students is always

obvious.

Be sincere and honest in your praise and attention

Help them prioritise karate. If you don’t make it a priority, why should they?



17

●

●

●

●

●

Speak to us when there are scheduling conflicts, your child is losing interest or is struggling in some way. We do

not see them as just numbers and customers - each student is important, regardless of their rank. We will try

our best to work with you for the benefit of your child.

If financially viable, try bring them to every extra gashuku or event. Each one is like a booster shot for karate,

and they really add up over time.

If they need help, help them load up our Youtube channel (more on that later) and help them with learning. If

they have questions, they can be whatsapped to us.

There will be times when karate just doesn’t make sense to parents. There is a level of gatekeeping and

knowledge built into karate to try keep it intact over time. Please trust that we know what we are doing, and are

trying our best. Between us, we have over 50 years experience. If you undermine us (especially by challenging us

in front of your child) regarding gradings, tournament results, whatever, your child will definitely quit karate, and

maybe for good. It also sends the message that their parents will always intervene, and they will never learn

to stand up for themselves. (By the way: this is called Snowplow Parenting: they clear life of all obstacles for

their children. You can see how this is a problem in the long run.) Students are encouraged to ask questions

when they don’t understand - this isn’t Japan! Parents are welcome to ask questions, but please try not to

undermine us. We don’t challenge your knowledge in your workspace, so please extend us the same courtesy.

Celebrate their hard work, not just results - if they learn to love the process, they can accomplish anything. If

only their grading results/wins/medals are what you share on Facebook, they will learn to equate results and

achievement with parental love. Tell them you’re proud of them, without conditions. Don’t let them think you

don’t care about their karate. Tell them you are proud of how hard they work, how diligent they are, how

beautifully they tie their belt. This is jet fuel for their journey and gives them a growth mentality - they will

learn that if they work hard, they can learn and do anything.

And finally; you cannot do karate through your child. However, you are never too old to start, or restart, as it may be in

the case of some parents. Your kids absolutely love it when you interact with them about their karate, when you join

them on the mat or ask them to show you something they learned in the week. No one is EVER too old to start karate.

Karate is a lifelong study, practiced all over the world by millions of people, all with different abilities and ages. There are

people who train in a wheelchair. Cancer survivors. Grandmothers who out-train their grandkids. You are always

welcome on the mat as an adult beginner. We have the loveliest adult beginner class!

As a parent, it is your prerogative as to what happens in the family home. All we ask is that when your kids are on the

mat, you leave the teaching to us, safe in the knowledge that we do this with love and conviction. There’s nothing else

we’d rather do than help people be better versions of themselves through karate.

18

The Dojo’s Approach to Dealing with School Bullying

One of the major reasons children are enrolled in karate is to either prevent or end bullying, and we have seen the

difference it can make. Quieter kids learn to stand up for themselves, weaker kids get stronger and feel more confident,

and sometimes even just hearing that a kid has signed up for karate can make the difference. And to quote Gichin

Funakoshi, the founder of Shotokan - karate is an aid to justice. If kids see someone being hurt, they should feel able to

do something about it. There is zero tolerance for bullying in the dojo - schools should be the same.

However, we try to help the kids learn when it is appropriate to hit back, and when it’s safer (physically and legally) not

to. All bullying starts with a chirp, a nudge, snide comments and humiliation. The sooner it is nipped in the bud, the

better. Schools should not allow disrespectful behaviour to be part of their culture. With the distressing rise in teen and,

sadly, preteen suicides, we cannot allow bullying to escalate.

Ideally, bullying should be dealt with systemically, between parents and the school, as adults are supposed to sort this

out rather than children. The below is for verbal bullying, cyber-bullying and everything short of full-on brawling. This is

the ideal procedure - we will get to tougher situations in a bit.

The below section was written in conjunction with our dojo lawyer.

1. You, as the parent, send an email to the teacher raising the issue. Feel free to BCC in the dojo at

dojo@grkc1978.com

2. If two emails go unanswered, then it should be escalated to the Head of Grade and the guidance

counselor/life orientation teacher. Please don’t wait too long between emails, as it emboldens bullies when

nothing is done.

3. If this email goes unanswered, take it to the HOD and principal. Also let them know that the next email will

involve the family attorney should the issue not be resolved.

4. If this is still not resolved, address the principal and CC the family attorney.

5. If that goes unanswered, the student has our blessing to defend themselves and to use their training in defence

until the bully backs down. Bullies, by their nature, like easy prey - once the prey fights back, they tend to run off

to easier pickings.

The reason for this process is that it protects the student - all processes were followed, and the school has failed the

student. It shifts the burden of responsibility to the school and not to the child.

The exception to this rule (and this has been explained to students) is when it is an adult, or much bigger teen

threatening them, or a serious threat of possible bodily harm exists from even a student of the same age, or another

student has followed them into a bathroom and it could turn into sexual assault. In these cases, or if anyone is hitting or

assaulting them in any manner or form, then they have the right to defend themselves. Then it’s a case of hit hard, use

your training and explain later. Rather someone with a broken nose than a terrible situation befalling a child. We also try

to teach them appropriate responses - breaking someone’s jaw over a verbal insult will cause a lot more trouble than it’s

worth, but if they feel they are in real danger, then they must do what they need to in order to escape. It is important

to stop the attack immediately when the attacker backs down, or after defending him/herself no longer fights back.

Keep the defence appropriate to the attack. Remember: there is no first attack in karate!

90% of the time, the bully has bullying parents, and they might also try to bully you when their child is threatened with

suspension or any punishment, so it is best to make sure you have a paper trail, eyewitnesses and pre-emptive defence

in terms of a lawyer in waiting. Hence the value of BCCing in the dojo and keeping us in the loop as additional sources.



19

If your child is the victim of bullying, they have to, as far as possible, stay and move around in a group of friends and/or

fellow pupils. Not only is this safer, but also provides for witnesses when it becomes necessary. Even recordings have

helped - one of our students was being bullied by a teacher until it got caught on voice recorder (the teacher was

encouraged to take early retirement.)

We try to keep a line of communication between us and students open, so that if they don’t feel comfortable reporting

bullying to you, they know they can tell us. Bullying inherently makes the victim feel unsafe and they may feel that they

deserve it, so it sometimes goes unreported to parents or teachers. If we know something, we will tell you right away

so that it can be dealt with.

Our recommended dojo family lawyers:

Elmarie Louw: elmarie@elatt.co.za | 079 516 8596

Heidi Pretorius at Greyling Orchard Attorneys | pretorius@greylingorchard.co.za |011 462 8391/2/7/8 | 083 652 5751

PS: There are tons of websites out there with advice for parents and students, but for what it’s worth: bullies know

they’re being rude and hurtful. Telling them so is pointless. Get the adults involved, and get it solved as fast as possible.

If your kid is being bullied, that kid is bullying others, and needs to be brought in line.

20

Our Youtube Channel

Perhaps one of the few good things to come out of the great lockdown of 2020 is that we finally got around to producing

content for our dojo, and to try to capture the knowledge all tucked away in Ché’s head.

We are grateful to have had a small measure of success with our channel - we use it as an example to the kids that

Youtube is a really tough way to make money, but it has been immensely rewarding and it is helping us build a network

that will hopefully benefit our dojo in the long run. Our ex-pat Jaguars use it as a way to stay in practice until they can

find a new dojo. It also helps our dojo stand out, and has helped attract a couple new students. But more importantly, it

serves as a repository for students to refer to and to train on their own. The Ché and Zoe on Youtube can be endlessly

played over and over, slowed down and paused. Those versions of ourselves don’t get tired.

We have opted not to make our videos ‘for kids’ on the back-end of YT. Kids Youtube doesn’t allow for comments and it

is a nightmare to navigate the COPPA laws around putting out content for kids. This is why they can’t find our videos on

the Youtube Kids app. Please let them watch from your account if they need to.

We have built playlists with the relevant content for our students, and we try to upload a new video every Friday. You

can check it out at www.youtube.com/c/gojuryukaratecentre or just put ‘Goju Ryu Karate Centre’ into the search bar and

we should pop up. Feel free to send requests for videos!



21

Our Dojo and Tournaments

While our dojo has a long and illustrious history of tournament karate, we are no longer part of the provincial or

national WKF tournament circuit. We offer a Friday class for those who wish to learn the skills and who are considering

competing. It is taught by our senior black belts who are also currently on the national team, and are more informed

about current rules and trends. But GRKC is not seriously involved for a number of reasons.

1) The Gauteng, and generally South African, competitive karate scene is a mess of corruption, poor management

and administrative incompetence, and it is generally a waste of our time, and the time of our students, to go to

competitions. They always run several hours late and the experience is not worth it. A student can wait hours for

their first round, three minutes long, and lose that round.

2) It is prohibitively expensive. Not only are entry fees usually R400-R600 per event (with multiple events a

month), but all equipment must be homologated with the WKF logo. Everything, from gi to belt to shinners,

footers and inside protective gear must be WKF-approved. If the student competes in both kata and kumite,

they will need two sets of everything. WKF is also pushing to force competitors to have red-detailed and

blue-detailed karate suits as well. If that happens (and it probably will, because tournament karate is built on

money), a student will need 4 uniforms at least R1000 each (conservatively. More likely R2000 upwards). Right

now, just the equipment outlay is around R5k - R7k, all in. Local tours can cost between R3k - R6k at a time.

International tours can set a student back R20k - R40k per trip, especially if it is in Europe. Oh, and there is no

sponsorship for anyone. The athlete will have to pay their way for everything, and will never make that money

back in prize money. There is a very real chance of running into debt for a very small chance of being at the top.

3) Tournament karate isn’t real karate, in the sense that it uses a very limited number of techniques, has strict rules

and also shortens the training career of the student. Very few continue with traditional karate once they finish

with tournament karate. We know dozens of star karate-ka who quit when they stopped medalling, which

defeats the whole point of karate: humility and self-improvement.

This is not to say that there aren’t valuable lessons that can still be learned. Tournament karate teaches composure

under pressure, the ability to strategise at high speed, and how to win and lose with grace. We feel, however, that

in-house and inter-dojo tournaments accomplish these same goals without bankrupting the parents. Should you feel

your child is gifted and should pursue tournament karate, we can help open doors to the right instructors.

Overall, though - no one, not even the top 5 in SA, makes a living off tournament karate earnings. At best, they can use it

to attract students to a dojo that they own (meaning they’ve either been running it while competing, or have to open a

dojo. They may be great practitioners, but might not be good instructors.) 95% of the world’s serious competitive

karate-ka don’t live off their tournament earnings. It is just not viable as a career path. Karate is unlikely to ever be an

Olympic sport (it was only a demonstration event in Tokyo 2020 because it was invented by the Okinawans - it has

already been dropped from Paris 2024), so it won’t earn the kind of money and prestige that brings, if any. SASCOC

doesn’t give South African medallists anything. Also, if karate became an Olympic sport, traditional dojos such as ours

will struggle to survive should we not cater to the Olympic dream.

If we thought that our students had a fair chance in a good system, we would likely still be involved. Ché was a gifted

kumite athlete and is still a phenomenal coach. (Zoe has always been abysmal at competitive sports, but she can still

cheerlead the kids onwards.) But the system is broken, and we don’t want to prop it up by giving it money and credence.

However, if you really want your child to pursue this, and they have the talent and money and time, we will make the

introductions and get them on their way.

But before you do that, we really recommend watching The Weight of Gold documentary produced by Michael Phelps.

The difficulties faced by Olympic athletes happen to our national athletes - Sensei Jagger can absolutely vouch for it.

Everything has a price, and not just a monetary one - you, as parent or student, have to decide if you can afford to pay it.

22

Basic terminology

Commands and Phrases

Arigato Gosaimasu

Thank you

Hai

Hajime

Hidari

Kiai

Kiotske

Migi

Mokuso

Onegaishimasu

Rei

Sensei ni rei

Shihan ni rei

Shomen ni rei

Tzukite

Wakarimasen

Yame

Yoi

Yudansha ni rei

Yes

Begin

Left

Lit. spirit shout

Attention

Right

Meditation

Please help me

Bow

Bow to sensei

Bow to the shihan

Bow to the shomen

Continue

I don’t understand

Stop

Ready position, lit ‘to prepare’

Bow to the black belts

Punches – Zuki/Tsuki + Strikes – Uchi

Stances - Dachi

Awase zuki

One hand up, one hand down

double punch

Bensoku dachi

Cross-over stance

Boshi ken

Vertical fist with thumb jutting

out

Chakuchi

Replacing step

Choko zuki Straight punch Fudo dachi Natural wide stance

Empi/hije uchi Elbow strike Hachiji-dachi

Feet at shoulder width, toes at

45°

Furi uchi Swing strike Hakusuradachi Crane/heron stance

Gyaku zuki Reverse lunging punch Heisokudachi Feet closed together

Heiken Rapping knuckles (in Saipai) Kiba dachi Horse stance

Heiko hije ate Horizontal elbow strike Kokotsu dachi Backward long stance

Heito

Ridge hand strike (inside of

hand)

Koshi dachi

Squatting stance

Ippon ken Forefinger punch Moto dachi Fighting stance

Kage zuki Hook Musabi dachi

Heels together, toes at 45°

stance for yoi position

Kama-de uchi Bear claw strike (vertical hand) Naifunchin dachi

Stance used in Naifunchin (see

kiba dachi)

Keikoken Phoenix eye fist Naname shiko dachi Diagonal straddle stance



23

Ko uchi Wrist strike (back of wrist) Nekoashi dachi Cat foot stance

Morote kama-de uchi Double-handed bear claw strike Saigiashi dachi

Crane/heron stance

Morote zuki Double punch Sanchin dachi Hourglass stance

Nakadakaken Middle finger punch Shiko dachi Straddle or sumo stance

Nihon nukite Two finger strike Yokomuki shiko dachi Straight shiko dachi

Nukite Lit. spear hand Yori ashi Dragging step

Heiko hije ate Oi zuki

Shita tsuki

Palm up centre short punch

Zenkutsodachi

Forward long stance

Shotei Heel palm strike Throws - Nage

Shuto Knife hand strike Ippon seio nage One arm shoulder throw

Tate zuki Vertical fist Kaiten-nage Rotary throw

Tetsui Hammer fist Irimi nage Moving-in throw (clothesline)

Uraken Back fist punch Morote-gari Double-leg take down

Wa zuki Valley punch Koshi nage Hip throw

Yubi hasami Finger pinch Osoto gari Major outside reap

Ochiri gari

Major inside reap

Ashi barai

Foot sweep

Blocks - Uke

Kicks – Geri/Keri

Sokui uke Scooping Fumikomi geri Stomping kick

Gedanberai Sweeping block Hiza geri Knee strike

Gedan uke Stomach block Kakato geri Heel/axe kick

Osai uke Pressing block Keage maegeri Snapping front kick

Wa uke Valley block Kekomi maegeri Thrusting front kick

Uchi uke Inside forearm block Kensetsu geri Joint kick

Mawashi/mawashe uke Wheel/round block Kin geri Groin kick

Jodan uke Face block Maegeri Front kick

Hiki uke Open hand chest block Maetobi geri Double kick

Chudan uke Chest flock Mawashi geri Wheel/Roundhouse kick

Zuki uke Punch block Mikazuki geri Crescent/hook kick

Yama uke Mountain block Otoshi Mawashi Downwards wheel kick

Ko uke Wrist block Tsumasaki geri Toe kick

Juji uke Cross block Ushiro geri Backwards kick

Kote uke Forearm block Yoko geri Side kick

Kakiwake uke Wedge block (see Saifa) Body Parts

Age uke Rising block Gekon Centre of the jaw

Sune uke Shin block Kyushu Vital/weak parts of the body

Soto uke Outside block Sokuto Foot edge

Shoto uke Knife hand block Haisoku Instep

Uchi uke Inside block Tsumasaki Tips of the toes

Teisho uke Heel palm block Josokutei Ball of the foot

24

Forms - Kata

The kata are listed in their ascending order of difficulty. The meaning of a kata’s name is

not definitive, and interpretation changes from school to school.

Kata Dai Ichi* First kata Sanseru 36 hands

Geki Sai Dai Attack and smash 1 Saipai 18 hands

Ichi

Geki Sai Dai

NiƗ

Attack and smash 2 Kururunfa Holding and striking

suddenly

Geki Sai Dai Attack and smash 3 Seisan 13 hands

San*Ɨ

Heian* First stage Superempei 108 hands

Saifa Tear and destroy Tensho Revolving palms

Naifunchin* Fight and hold your ground Sanchin dai

ichi

Three battles (Miyagi’s

version)

Seiyunchin To control and pull Sanchin dai

ni

Three battles (Higaonna’s

version)

Shisochin Battle in four directions

* supplementary kata outside OGKK syllabus

Ɨ Developed in South Africa as a bridging kata, and as such is unique to South African goju

ryu



25

Traditional Okinawan Training Equipment (Hojo undo)

Chishi

Translation: power stone

This is a lever weight that uses torque to

strengthen the user’s arms and shoulders. When

used correctly, it provides a full body workout.

GRKC chishi’s range from 500g (baby pink) to 12kg

(black weight). When used under supervision, they

are great for kids to learn proprioception and

improve their grip strength, which leads to finer

motor control.

Kongoken

Translation: iron ring

The origins of the kongoken are contested, but it is

used for strength training. Can be used alone or

with a partner.

Our lightest weighs about 12kg, and the heaviest

about 36kg.

Very traditional and rare Okinawan training tool.

We are lucky enough to have seven (two are

currently on loan to other dojos.)

Nigirigame

Translation: gripping jar

Ours are made of steel, but this traditional

Okinawan training tool is usually made from clay,

as Okinawa is famous for its beautiful pottery. Can

be weighted with extra sand or stones. The rim is

designed to be challenging to hold for extended

periods. Builds grip and arm strength. Can be used

in conjunction with squats or stances for greater

effect.

26

Ishi-sashi

Translation: stone locks

The old school version of a kettlebell, this is used

for a variety of exercises to develop arm, leg and

core strength. Rare to see, and we are lucky to

have some homemade ones.

Makiwara

Translation: padded striking post

Our dojo has 4 mounted makiwara, as well as 4

outdoor makiwara, which is unusual for a dojo

outside Okinawa.

This training tool is for developing better punching

and striking technique. It tells the truth about the

quality of a technique, and will immediately tell

the user that their punch isn’t up to standard.

It usually has some thin padding. Really old school

ones have straw wrapped around them.

Not to be used by anyone under 20 to prevent

long term bone and joint damage. Can be used

lightly from 20 - 23 years (when bones finish

ossifying.)



27

Goju Ryu Karate Centre Handbook 2021 final version

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