history group performance task

S C I E N C E H I S T O R Y M A G A Z I N E
the two lenses in succession on the microscope in the
Consider
to observe how it generates an image. The object is just
figure
the objective lens's focal length, resulting in a true,
beyond
image that is larger than the object. The second lens, or
inverted
is used to focus on the first image. The eyepiece is
eyepiece,
so that the objective's initial image is visible. The
positioned
image formed by the eyepiece is magnified. The final image
virtual
still inverted, but it is farther away from the observer than the
is
S C I E N C E H I S T O R Y M A G A Z I N E
how does it work?
item, making it easier to see.
figure 1

evolution of the microscope
Timeline
Invention of the first
compound microscope
during the midseventeenth
century to
make discoveries.​
Robert Hooke illustrates
the smallest complete
parts of an organism and
invents the cell theory that
all organisms are made of
cells.​
Chester Moore Hall
Invents Achromatic Lens
by managing to duplicate
properties of the eye
using flint and crown
glass.​
1609​
1678
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1590​
Carl Zeiss Manufacturing
produced the first
microscopes to be mass
prodcued, known as Zeiss
microscopes which still
exist today.​
1846​
Galileo Galilei’s first
microscope which’s
made up of little
telescopes with the same
two lenses as a
developed occhiolino.​
1870​
1665​
August Kohler invents
Kohler illumination that
helps the background
image to be extremely
defocused and dispersed
allowing a better quality for
the user’s experience.​
1893​
Van Leeuwenhoek
becomes the father of
microscopy after creating
very small lenses which
achieved the
magnification between
5ox and 300x.​
1931
1729
Frits Zernike Invents phase
contrast microscopy that
allows microscopes to view
cells that isn’t possible
through a regular brightfield
light microscopy.​
1932​
S C I E N C E H I S T O R Y M A G A Z I N E
Ernst Abbe invents the
Abbe Condenser which
allows strong and even
illumination under a
translucent speciman to
make it easier to see
under a microscope.​
Max Knoll & ernst ruska
invent the electron
microscope that allows
greater magnification since
electrons have significantly
shorter wavelengths than
photons.​

S C I E N C E H I S T O R Y M A G A Z I N E
S C I E N C E H I S T O R Y M A G A Z I N E
evolution of the microscope
Venn diagram
Light microscope:
Electro- microscope:
- Invented in late
1500s
-Lower resolution
-Lower magnification
(100-2000x)
-Use visible light and
glass lenses to
magnify the image
- Objective and eye
piece lenses are
made up of glasses
-In color
-Image is seen by
eyes through ocular
lens
-Magnify objects too
small to be seen
- Have increased our
knowledge of the
natural world
- Images can be
photo graphed or
printed
-Invented in the
1910’s
-Higher resolution
-Higher
magnification
-Uses (1000000x) magnets and
bean of electrons to
produce image
-All lenses are
electromagnetic
-Black and white
images
- Image is produced on
fluorescent screen or
photographic plate

S C I E N C E H I S T O R Y M A G A Z I N E
S C I E N C E H I S T O R Y M A G A Z I N E
resources
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_microscope_technology.
“Microscope Timeline - from 13th Century to Today!” MicroscopeMaster,
https://www.microscopemaster.com/microscope-timeline.html.
Ramsay, Chris, and Chris RamsayHi. “History and Timeline of Microscopy (1590 to Today).” Scope
Detective, 21 Jan. 2021, https://scopedetective.com/history-and-timeline-of-microscopy/.
Aryal, Sagar. “Light Microscope vs Electron Microscope- 36 Major Differences.” Microbe Notes, 14 Dec.
2021, https://microbenotes.com/differences-between-light-and-electron-microscope/.
Magazine, Smithsonian. “Let Us Now Praise the Invention of the Microscope.” Smithsonian.com,
Smithsonian Institution, 30 Mar. 2017, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-we-oweto-the-invention-microscope-180962725/.
“Cell Theory Timeline.” Timetoast Timelines, https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/cell-theory-69f62618-
0225-48b5-8145-93d3dafbbcff.
Foundation, CK-12. “12 Foundation.” CK, https://www.ck12.org/section/the-microscope-
%3a%3aof%3a%3a-ms-studying-the-life-sciences-%3a%3aof%3a%3a-ck-12-life-science-for-middleschool/.
“Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.,
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antonie-van-Leeuwenhoek.
“Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek.” Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek | The Royal Society,
https://makingscience.royalsociety.org/s/rs/people/fst00039851.
Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Museum of Microscopy - the Leeuwenhoek Microscope,
https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/museum/leeuwenhoek.html.
Nick, Lane, et al. “The Unseen World: Reflections on Leeuwenhoek (1677) 'Concerning Little Animals'.”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
B: Biological Sciences, 19 Apr. 2015,
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2014.0344.
Study Rocket. “Microscopy – GCSE Biology (Combined Science) Edexcel Revision.” Study Rocket, Study
Rocket, 8 July 2019, https://studyrocket.co.uk/revision/gcse-biology-combined-science-edexcel/cellbiology/microscopy.
Admin. “Difference between Light Microscope and Electron Microscope - BYJU's.” BYJUS, BYJU'S, 25 Aug.
2020, https://byjus.com/physics/difference-between-light-microscope-and-electron-microscope/.
“Microscopy: Intro to Microscopes & How They Work (Article).” Khan Academy, Khan Academy,
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/structure-of-a-cell/introduction-to-cells/a/microscopy.
“History of Microscopy – Timeline.” Science Learning Hub,
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1692-history-of-microscopy-timeline.