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Matilda
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Mary Shelley wrote Matilda not long after the phenomenal
success of her first novel, Frankenstein, The Modern
Prometheus (www.createspace.com/3683197). However, that
publication did not carry her name until the second printing five
years later. She sent the manuscript of Matilda to her father,
William Godwin, who refused to return it to her, probably
because of the intimation of incestuous feelings by a father to
a daughter. Whether this was autobiographically based or not,
readers would assume the worst. Over a hundred years would
pass before Matilda would reach the public. Her parents,
William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft, were famous
radicals. Mary Wollstonecraft, an early feminist, died shortly
after giving birth to Mary. Godwin did remarry, but his interests
were with his equals rather than his daughter he often
entertained other leading writers and intellectuals, such as

Charles Lamb, Coleridge, Hazlitt 12 and Percy Bysshe
Shelley, whom she met when she was 14. At 16, the two of
them eloped. On a stormy night on Lake Geneva, Dr. Polidori,
Byron, and the Shelleys indulged in a contest to see who could
come up with the scariest story 12 this was the era of the
Gothic novel, vampires, and ghosts. And Mary Shelley had just
lost her second child. Her contribution to the evening17s
entertainment was soon turned into the novel Frankenstein,
which was an immediate sensation. Innovative in its storyline
rather than its style, Frankenstein is sometimes touted as the
first true science fiction novel. The Shelleys lived together in
various places in Europe for eight years, when Shelley died in
a boating accident. Mary turned to writing novels to make her
way. True to the Romantic tradition, the short novel Matilda
explored human emotions in their depths. Family tragedy, loss,
incest, total withdrawal12these themes would have been
influenced by the her depression following the loss of her
children in early childhood. Only one child would reach
adulthood. This intimate story, and later novels were not to
recapture the popular imagination as Frankenstein had. She
would continue writing historical novels, romantic novels, a
travel book, until she died at 54. Though her social concerns
remained, her issues did not coincide with her father17s ideas.
He is known as one of the first to articulate the doctrine of
utilitarianism, and he wrote several novels, most notably Caleb
Williams, which was written as a plea for social justice. She
advocated cooperation rather than confrontation, social reform,
vegetarianism, and, unlike her father, advocated for
marriage12to which Shelley later agreed. How much of Mary
Shelley do we see in this short novel? We can only guess. She
grew up during the last days of Napoleon, in an era of ferment,
radical thinking, new possibilities for women, and a burgeoning
literature of gushing emotion we now call the Romantic Era
(some traces of it remain in our cultural life). Two other novels

of girls winning against odds are: Charlotte Perkins Gilman's
Benigna Machiavelli (www.createspace.com/4264375), a
young precocious girl who manipulates events to vastly
improve her family's chances of happiness. And a novel-length
poem by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Aurora Leigh
(www.createspace.com/3812489)12a half-Italian orphan girl
resists the temptation of an easy marriage to pursue a career
as a writer.