CristinaCookinham_Journal_FINAL

Graphic
Design
A Journey Through Time
By CRISTINA COOKINHAM

1820 - 1900
Victorian Era
1860 - 1910
Arts & Crafts
Chromolithography
Naturalistic renderings
Decorative type
Lots of ornament
Ephemera
S. S. FRIZZELL CHARLES DANA GIBSON KATE GREENAWAY
Stylized natural forms leaves, flowers
Horror vacui crowding of
design elements in the field
Historicism use of past styles,
especially medieval figures
Private press movement books
WALTER CRANE LUCIEN PISSARRO LOUIS RHEAD

1603 - 1607
Ukiyo-e
1890 - 1905
Art Nouveau
Floating objects in a floating world
Sense that we are frozen in time
Japanese themes such as geisha girls
kabuki theatre/nature: result of isolationism
Woodcuts
Stylized natural forms flowers, birds
Whiplash curve bimorphic lines, curvilinear
Exotic females removed from
contemporary time and place
ANDO HIROSHIGE KITAGAWA UTAMARO KATSUSHIKA HOKUSAI
JULES CHERET ALPHONSE MUCHA EMMANUEL ORAZI

1890 - 1916
Vienna Secession
1907 - 1914
Cubism
Elongated figures and typography
Tall, thin compositions
Hand-drawn, stylized type
Rose motif
Can resemble a stained glass window
KOLOMAN MOSER MARGARET MACDONALD PETER BEHRENS
Monochromatic palette analytical cubism
Faceting of surfaces
Geometric shapes
Simultaneity the subject is viewed from
several angles at once, the subject remains
stationary and the viewer moves
FERNAND LEGER PABLO PICASSO JUAN GRIS

1909 - 1914
Futurism
Poetry
1909 - 1914
Futurism
Graphic Works
Free typography
Onomatopoeia use of words
whose sounds suggests a sense/emotion
Simultaneity
In graphic works, letters suggest sounds
from different sources heard at once
In figurative works, the viewer remains
stationary and the subject moves,
the subject is represented
in multiple positions at once
Geometric patterns
Onomatopoeia use of words
whose sounds suggests a sense/emotion
Machine aesthetic automatons,
or elements suggesting industry
CARLO CARRA FILIPPO MARINETTI GUILLAUME APOLLINAIRE
GIACOMO BALLA FORTUNATO DEPERO ANTONIO SANTÉLIA

1916 - 1930
Dada
1905 - 1930
Expressionism
Ready made materials
Photomontage
Absurdity, humor
& social criticism
Bold contour drawing
Woodcuts
Deep sense of social crisis
Empathy for the poor
Thick paint
Exaggerated distorted color,
drawing and proportions
HANNAH HOCH JOHN HEARTFIELD ILYA ZDANEVITCH
PAUL KLEE KATHE SCHMIDT KOLLWITZ WASSILY KANDINSKY

1924 - 1966
Surrealism
1912 - 1932
Photography &
the Modern Movement
Dream imagery
Personal symbolism
Illogical juxtapositions
of elements
JOAN MIRO MAX ERNST SALVADOR DALI
Concern for point, line,
plane, shape and texture
Multiple exposures,
pure form and distortion
Solarization and
experimental techniques
MAN RAY FRANCIS BRUGIÉRE ALVIN LANGDON COBURN

1906 - 1930
Plakatstil
1925 - 1937
Art Deco
Name of product
Flat background color
Dominant stylized image
JULIUS KLINGER LUDWIG HOHLWEIN HANS RUDI ERDT
Zig-zag line
Geometric shapes
Machine aesthetic
streamline, converging lines
Eclecticism, international motifs
Assyrian, American Indian, Greek
JEAN CARLU AUSTIN COOPER E. MCKNIGHT KAUFFER

1913 - 1934
Suprematism
Constructivism
1917 - 1931
De Stijl
Non-representational
Pure colors
Basic geometric shapes
Lettering looks Soviet influenced
Often uses red and black
on beige colored background
Geometric shapes
Asymmetry
Diagonal lines
Lettering looks Soviet influenced
Often uses red and black
on a beige colored background
Asymmetry
Primary colors with neutrals
black, white and gray
Perpendicular lines
KASIMIR MALEVICH EL LISSITZKY ALEKSANDR RODCHENKO
BART VAN DER LECK GERRIT RIETVELD PIET MONDRIAN

1919 - 1933
Bauhaus
1925 - 1932
New Typography
Sans serif asymmetrical type-New Typography
Deliver message and communicate
Function not decoration
Purity, clarity, simplicity
New approaches to photography
Extreme scale contrasts/bird’s eye/worm’s eye
Montage
JOOST SCHMIDT LASZLO MOHOLY-NAGY WALTER GROPIUS
Asymmetrical, flush left ragged right
Priority assigned to text based on
weight and size
Purpose of communication is to
function not decorate
Type used in simple form without embellishment
Rules should be used for emphasis
ERIC GILL HERBERT MATTER JAN TSCHICHOLD

1936 - 1953
Modern Movement
in America
1950 - 1980
International
Typographic Style
Bauhaus influence
American content
WPA typography
for social programs
LESTER BEALL WALKER EVANS JEAN CARLU
Asymmetry
Flush left/ragged right layouts
Sans serif letters with
bold words for emphasis
Reductive, objectivity,
no superfluous decoration
Grid systems
ANTON STANKOWSKI ARMIN HOFFMAN MAX HUBER

1940 - 1990
New York School
1960s - 1970s
Corporate Identity
& Visual Systems
Uniquely American approach
with origins in European modernism
Playful, visually dynamic and unexpected
Analyze communications content-reduce
to symbolic essence
Use of shape
Asymmetrical balance
ALVIN LUSTIG OTTO STORCH PAUL RAND
Logotypes and identities
Pictograph signage for
Olympics and transportation
OTL AICHER LANCE WYMAN GEORG OLDEN

1950 - Present
Conceptual Image
1990 - Present
Digital Revolution
Narrative information communicated
with ideas and concepts
Familiar in an unfamiliar setting
Scale changes, substitution,
visual puns and play
Computer generated imagery
Internet, interactive design
and worldwide web
GUNTER RAMBOW SEYMOUR CHWAST MILTON GLASER
DAVID CARSON JENNIFER MORLA FRED WOODWARD

1960s - 1990s
Postmodern Design
Deconstruction
Broke with international typographic
style communications
Intuitive
Communicated emotional qualities
with expressive typography
Layering/overlapping
Uses computers to generate
layouts and typography
New Wave
Stair stepped rules
Some evidence of grid
underlying organization
Layering, overlapping simultaneity
Retro/Vernacular
Eclectic modernist European design
of the first half of century
Disrespect for proper rules of
typography placed in new ways
Kinky mannered type of 20s/30s
ROSMARIE TISSI MICHAEL MANWARING PAULA SCHER

Bibliography
Victorian Era
fineartamerica.com
alamy.com
levysheetmusic.mse.jhu.edu
fineartamerica.com
etsy.com
illustrationhistory.org
pixtastock.com
Arts & Crafts
unframed.lacma.org
anm102pm.files.wordpress.com
art.com
cooperhewitt.org
victorianweb.org
commons.wikimedia.org
housebeautiful.com
Ukiyo-e
commons.wikimedia.org
www.artsy.net
fineartamerica.com
britishmuseum.org
metmuseum.org
Art Nouveau
commons.wikimedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
wikiart.org
Vienna Secession
moma.org
alamy.com
commons.wikimedia.org
poet-prosaic.tumblr.com
collections.artsmia.org
scottishstainedglass.com
Cubism
en.wikipedia.org
pablopicasso.org
moma.org
Futurism Poetry
abebooks.com
commons.wikimedia.org
smarthistory.org
galleryintell.com
widewalls.ch
moma.org
Futurism Graphic Works
italianmodernart.org
artsy.net
commons.wikimedia.org
visualmelt.com
repubblica.it
lindahall.org
architizer.com
Dada
pt.slideshare.net
smarthistory.org
mobile.twitter.com
tretyakovgallerymagazine.com
johnheartfield.com
retroavangarda.com
metmuseum.org
Expressionism
en.wikipedia.org
wikiart.org
commons.wikimedia.org
wassilykandinsky.net
kollwitz.de/en
Surrealism
hyperallergic.com
renderosity.com
moma.org
en.wikipedia.org
wikiart.org
artnews.com
Photography & the
Modern Movement
moma.org
artblart.com
monovisions.com
Plakatstil
moma.org
redbubble.com
art-prints-on-demand.com
commons.wikimedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
austrianposters.at

Bibliography
Art Deco
artyfactory.com
artdecostyle.ca
moma.org
1stdibs.com
posterhouse.org
ltmuseum.co.uk
mourloteditions.com
Suprematism
Constructivism
en.wikipedia.org
moma.org
creativepro.com
catalogue.swanngalleries.com
De Stijl
moma.org
artincontext.org
commons.wikimedia.org
rijksmuseum.nl
krollermuller.nl
ragoarts.com
museothyssen.org
Bauhaus
bauhauskooperation.com
upload.wikimedia.org
timetoast.com
bauhaus-movement.tumblr.com
artsy.net
bauhaus-dessau.de
New Typography
creativepro.com
designweek.co.uk
moma.org
designfacts.org
catalogue.swanngalleries.com
posterspotlight.wordpress.com
Modern Movement
in America
vogue.com
fineartamerica.com
metmuseum.org
artisanbooksandbindery.com
en.wikipedia.org
catalogue.swanngalleries.com
mcbcollection.com
International
Typographic Style
artsy.net
meahlindesign.com
eyeondesign.aiga.org
moma.org
artfacts.net
socks-studio.com
New York School
wright20.com
flickr.com
worthpoint.com
bee-things.com
petrolicious.com
alexanderwwhite.com
etsy.com
Corporate Identity
& Visual Systems
go.distance.ncsu.edu
commons.wikimedia.org
walkerart.org
pinterest.com
blog.shillingtoneducation.com
designobserver.com
otlaicher.de
Conceptual Image
medium.com
hyperallergic.com
pinterest.com
pirtledesign.com
socks-studio.com
pinterest.co.uk
Digital Revolution
cranbrookartmuseum.org
medium.com
fontsinuse.com
go.distance.ncsu.edu
anm102pm.files.wordpress.com
morladesign.com
Postmodern
Design
garadinervi.tumblr.com
internationalposter.com
moma.org
flickr.com
willikunz.com
fsartanddesign.org
or.pinterest.com
www.chegg.com
pelavin.com
csadesign.com
ucda.com
pinterest.com