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USAID SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS ADVANCED (SEA) PROJECT

ACTIVITY REPORT:

Baseline Survey of Fisheries and Mangrove Resources at

Teluk Bentuni to Support Marine Conservation Area

Initiation

September 22 - 29, 2017

Prepared by: Irwanto, Ehdra Beta Masran, Inayah and Dirga Daniel

DISCLAIMER

This activity report is made possible by the generous support of the American People through the United States Agency for

International Development (USAID) with the close collaboration of the Government of Indonesia (GOI). The contents of this report

are the sole responsibility of Tetra Tech ARD and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.

Cover Photo: Our field officers, Christovel Rotinsulu (SEACore) and Dirga Daniel (WWF-ID), conduct an

interview in Teluk Bintuni. They try to collect fishermen’s fishing ground and targeted catch data in several

sample villages. (Inayah/Fisheries Officer, WWF)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 1

List of Tables & Figures ........................................................................................................................................ 1

Tables................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Figures ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 4

Objectives of the Survey ...................................................................................................................................... 4

Summary of Participants ....................................................................................................................................... 4

RESULTS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Fisheries Status ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

Target Survey areas .......................................................................................................................................... 5

Fisheries Resource Potential .......................................................................................................................... 5

Mangrove status .............................................................................................................................................. 10

Summary of Key Results .................................................................................................................................... 13

Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................... 13

Lessons Learned & Best Practices ................................................................................................................... 14

LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES

TABLES

Table 1. Target survey areas .................................................................................................................................... 5

Table 2. Associated biota identified in the survey stations ............................................................ 12

FIGURES

Figure 1. Supply chain of F. merguiensis in Teluk Bintuni ................................................................................. 6

Figure 2. Supply chain of mud crab in Teluk Bintuni .......................................................................................... 6

Figure 3. Supply chain of demersal fish in Teluk Bintuni ................................................................................... 7

Figure 4. (Left photo) Interview with shrimp fishers in the village of Sidomakmur in the District of

Aroba; (right) participant mapping .................................................................................................................. 7

Figure 5. Shrimp fishing zones in Teluk Bintuni ................................................................................................... 8

Figure 6. Mud crab fishing zones in Teluk Bintuni .............................................................................................. 9

Figure 7. Demersal fishing zone in Teluk Bentuni ............................................................................................... 9

Activity Report: Baseline Survey of Fisheries and Mangrove Resources at Teluk Bentuni to Support Marine Conservation

Area Initiation, 22-29 Sept 2017 P a g e | 1

Figure 8. Small pelagic (Rastrelliger and Scomberomorus spp.) fishing zones

in Teluk Bentuni................................................................................................................................................. 10

Figure 9. Mangrove status survey ......................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 10. Survey stations for mangroves in Teluk Bentuni ........................................................................... 11

Figure 11. INP values in the two survey stations in mangrove production areas in Teluk Bintuni ...... 11

Figure 12. INP values in the three survey stations in mangrove protected areas in Teluk Bintuni ...... 12

Figure 13. Biota survey using quadrants .............................................................................................................. 13



ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

Bs

KTI

PAD

KKP

WWF

USAID

SEA Project

sp

spp.

INP

WCS

WIFF

WPP

WWF

biasa (directly translates to “ordinary,” refers to crabs weighing less than

200gm/pc, or low-quality crabs)

Kawasan Timur Indonesia (Eastern Indonesia Region)

pendapatan asli daerah (locally generated revenue)

kawasan konservasi perairan (marine conservation area)

World Wide Fund for Nature

United States Agency for International Development

Sustainable Ecosystems Advanced Project

species (singular)

species (plural)

indeks nilai penting (importance value index)

Wildlife Conservation Society

Widi International Fishing Festival

Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan (Fisheries Management Area)

World Wide Fund for Nature



INTRODUCTION

Indonesia’s easternmost province of West Papua, particularly the Regency (Municipality) of Teluk

Bintuni, is a target implementation site of the United States Agency for International Development

(USAID) Sustainable Ecosystems Advanced (SEA) Project for a number of interlocking reasons.

Marine resources in this area can potentially sustain – and even expand – the economy of West

Papua. Teluk Bintuni has vast coastal and marine resources that make it a strategic location for

industries, including oil and gas, paper, and wood, as well as fisheries. Recognizing this, the

government has sought to boost locally generated revenues (PAD) by promoting multi-sectoral

marine resources development through the designation of a “concession area,” where the focus is to

develop the municipality’s coastal and marine areas. Beside the concession area, the municipal

government also established a protected forest, conservation forest, conversion forest, and

production forest, but rapid development and population growth in the broader Eastern Indonesia

region (KTI) have intensified pressures on local marine and fisheries resources, putting in doubt the

sustainability of their economic utilization, thereby making imperative the management of resource

use and its effects on marine biodiversity, fish stocks and habitats.

To support the initiation of a marine conservation area (KKP) at Teluk Bintuni, the SEA Project,

through WWF-Indonesia, conducted a rapid baseline survey in order to identify resource use issues

and ways to address them. By promoting the sustainability of local marine and fishery resources, the

establishment of the KKP is expected to contribute to community welfare not only in the

Municipality of Teluk Bintuni but in all West Papua.

OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY

The baseline survey was designed to:

Collect data and information about the fishery resources and identify the key fisheries actors

in Teluk Bintuni

Determine and inventory the biophysical character attributes of the mangrove ecosystem in

the area

SUMMARY OF PARTICIPANTS

This activity was initiated by the SEA Project/WWF-Indonesia with academics from Papua University,

Muhammadiyah Sorong University, Papua Indonesia Christian University, Sorong Marine and Fishery

Polytechnic, the fisheries department of Teluk Bintuni, and the local coastal and marine management

body of Sorong.

The survey team consisted of 22 people divided into three sub-groups. One sub-group was

responsible for collecting fisheries data, another group for collecting biophysical data, and the third

group did the mapping. Participants were assigned to the sub-group that best matched their interests

and expertise.



TARGET SURVEY AREAS

The survey was targeted primarily at five predominantly fishing villages in the five coastal districts

(Table 1).

Table 1. Target survey areas

District Village Subject Commodity

Manimeri Banjar Ausoy Fish farmer (buyer) and fishers Mud crabs, Fish

Bintuni

East Bintuni RW3 RT 1

(Nelayan)

Fish farmer (buyer) and fishers

Taroi Taroi Village Fishers (local) Shrimp

Demersal fish, small

pelagic

Aroba Sidomakmur Fishers (non-local) Shrimp, Demersal Fish

Babo Modan Fish farmers (buyer) and fishers Mud crabs

RESULTS

The survey was taken on September 22-29, 2017. It was preceded by two preparatory activities: (i)

Stakeholders meeting on September 19, 2017 at the office of the fisheries department of the

Municipality of Teluk Bintuni to explain the purpose, method, and the technical survey

implementation of the SEA Project; and (ii) prerequisite meeting on September 21, 2017, also in

Teluk Bintuni, to harmonize perceptions of the survey method used.

FISHERIES STATUS

FISHERIES RESOURCE POTENTIAL

1. Major Target Species

The main fisheries commodities in Teluk Bintuni are shrimp, mud crab, and demersal and small

pelagic fishes. The shrimp species Fenneropenaeus merguiensis is the most preferred export

commodity, with markets in both Asia and Europe. The shrimp fisheries are focused in two villages:

In the village of Taroi in Taroi District, where shrimp fishers are predominantly local residents, and

in Sidomakmur Village in Aroba District, where fishers are mostly transient migrants. Shrimp

catching is year-round, with specific fishing times largely influenced by tide conditions. Shrimp

farming and trading operations are privately owned.

Domestically, mud crab is the most preferred commodity, especially in the target villages of Banjar

Ausoy in Manimeri District and Modan in Babo District. The mud crab sector in these areas is

dominated by non-local players, including fish farmers/buyers as well as fishers, most of whom come

from outside West Papua. In Banjar Ausoy, mud crab catching is done in groups formed based on

capital ties, where fishers are required to sell their produce to the capital owner. Mud crab catching

is usually done over a period of 2-4 days, with fishers often spending their nights at the location of

catch.



Demersal fishers use different types of gear to target different priority target species. Net fishers

primarily target small Red snappers, while for long-line fishers, the main target is what locally known

as Ikan Conggek (Protonibea diacanthus and Lates calcarifer).

Below are the supply chains in Teluk Bintuni of F. merguiensis (Figure 1), mud crab (Figure 2), and

demersal fish (Figure 3).

Figure 1. Supply chain of F. merguiensis in Teluk Bintuni

Figure 2. Supply chain of mud crab in Teluk Bintuni 1

1

“Biasa” means ordinary, refers to crabs weighing less than 200gm/pc and low-quality crabs



Inayah/USAID SEA

Tutus Wijonarko/ USAID SEA

Figure 3. Supply chain of demersal fish in Teluk Bintuni

2. Fishing Zones

The fishing zones were determined through key informant interviews and drawn on maps that

identified the locations for catching each commodity. (Error! Reference source not found.)

Figure 4. (Left photo) Interview with shrimp fishers in the village of Sidomakmur in the District

of Aroba; (right) participant mapping

For shrimp, fishing zones around the two shrimp-producing villages of Sidomakmur and Taroi are

designated through a communal rights system called ulayat, which limits the area for fisheries. The

main fishing zones in Sidomakmur are located around three islands, namely, Asap, Amutu, and

Karaka. In Taroi, shrimp catchers operate mainly in the waters around the village. (Figure 5) Because

the shrimp areas extend to great distances, fishers prefer to use mid-water gear that can be towed

with the tide. The operation usually takes place around noon.



Mud crabs are caught using traps, which are set in mangroves, left to soak overnight, and collected at

dawn. As already noted, the main mud crab producing areas are around the villages of Banjar Ausoy

and Modan, where mud crab fisheries are typically found in mangroves adjoining river systems, with

the river serving as the main access to the fishing area. (Figure 6)

Like the shrimp fishers, demersal fishers also operate over a large area (Figure 7), mainly using long

line and other gear to target Ikan conggek. Fishing is usually done around noon, largely in the villages

of Nelayan and Sidomakmur.

For small pelagics, the fishing season is from October to April, with January being the peak season.

Net fishing fleets predominate in Teluk Bentuni, mainly in the waters stretching from Tabare Island

to Kamundan River, and from Amutu Island to Asap Island, where small pelagics naturally abound,

except for some mackerel species of the Scomberomorus family, which can only be caught in the

district of Sumuri. (Figure 8)

Figure 5. Shrimp fishing zones in Teluk Bintuni



Figure 6. Mud crab fishing zones in Teluk Bintuni

Figure 7. Demersal fishing zone in Teluk Bentuni



Figure 8. Small pelagic (Rastrelliger and Scomberomorus spp.) fishing zones in Teluk Bentuni

MANGROVE STATUS

1. Species Diversity and Abundance

The status survey for mangroves (Figure 9) was done at five stations, three of which were in

protected areas, and the other two in production areas (Figure 10). Each station was surveyed for

diversity and abundance of species, using the importance value index (INP) to identify the dominant

species in each area and their general ecological importance in the forest community.

Figure 9. Mangrove status survey

WWF-Indonesia/USAID SEA



Figure 10. Mangrove survey stations in Teluk Bentuni

As shown in Figure 12, Rhizophora apiculata is the dominant species in production areas; in protected

areas, the two most dominant species are R. apiculata and Bruguiera parviflora, (Figure 11). All survey

stations were found to be predominated by R. apiculata, an indication that this species plays a key

role in the overall forest ecosystem.

Figure 11. INP values in the two survey stations in mangrove production areas in Teluk Bintuni

WWF Indonesia/USAID SEA



Figure 12. INP values in the three survey stations in mangrove protected areas in Teluk Bintuni

2. Associated Biota

There were also 228 individuals of 20 species of associated biota identified in the survey stations, as

shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2. Associated biota identified in the survey stations

Type

No. of

individuals

1 Periophthalamus sp 24

2 Kadal (lizard) 1

3 Uca sp 4

4 Aerides sp 3

6 Capung (dragonfly) 1

7 Halcyon sp 7

8 Pelecanus sp 10

9 Haliaeetus sp 1

10 Laridae sp 1

11 Cacatua sp 2

12 Corvus sp 1

13 Nerita sp 4

14 Telescopium sp 155

15 Ellobium sp 2

16 Cerithidae sp 5

17 Chicoreus sp 2

18 Cassiula sp 3

19 Littoraria sp 1

20 Macrobrachium sp 1

Total 228



Adib Mustofa/USAID SEA

Figure 13. Biota survey using quadrants

SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS

The survey resulted in the following key findings:

There is a high production of shrimp (Penaeus sp), mud crab (Scylla sp), demersal fish (Family

Lutjanidae and Sciaenidae) and small pelagic fish (Rastrelliger sp) in Teluk Bintuni.

Overall, the mangrove ecosystem in Teluk Bintuni, particularly in the survey stations in

protected areas, is in fairly good condition. However, in the production area, the ecosystem

could be at risk from overharvesting.

In addition, the survey resulted in the identification of stakeholders who will play an important role

in initiating the KKP. These include key stakeholders from the local government, private sector,

community, and community institutions in the Municipality of Teluk Bintuni.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The main recommendations from the survey are as follows:

A more comprehensive approach towards the resource use management is needed to

address pressures on the coastal and marine resources of Teluk Bintuni.

The establishment of the KKP and fisheries management should be pursued through multisectoral

collaboration and cooperation to reduce resource use conflicts.

Coordination and communication should be improved among different sectors and cultural

groups to promote understanding of each sector’s or group’s role in initiating the KKP and

managing fisheries in Teluk Bintuni. These include indigenous groups (there are seven big

indigenous communities in Teluk Bintuni) and the private sector, which are key players in

the utilization of marine resources. As resource manager, the government also needs to

communicate and coordinate more with all stakeholder sectors and communities to explain

and discuss policy recommendations, in order to facilitate policy acceptance and compliance

by the stakeholder groups.



A more detailed survey is needed to allocate the area for the KKP and provide

recommendations or a general view of how Teluk Bintuni’s marine resources and marine

space should best be allocated among different uses to secure the objectives of sustainable

development.

With respect especially to fish for export, a forum involving buyers/fish farmers is needed to

discuss and better understand the status of fish stocks in Teluk Bintuni, and identify

appropriate resource utilization strategies, programs and opportunities to increase the fish

stocks.

LESSONS LEARNED & BEST PRACTICES

The main challenge encountered by the survey team was mainly in terms of the target respondents’

reaction to the survey. People were wary of new programs that may be initiated by the government,

making it difficult to make them accept and understand the survey’s intentions and how their

responses would be used. This is especially true for fishers who felt disadvantaged by coastal

development undertaken by government for industry or other uses.

One approach to counter this challenge is to meet, at the outset, with local leaders in an informal

setting to gain their trust and support, and to gather information that can be used to inform the

survey implementation procedures. These local leaders can become leads, and then the survey aims

and methodology can be communicated in a way that makes them easily acceptable and

understandable to the broader group of respondents.



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