Top 20 Traditional Japanese Instruments You Should Know (2023 Guide) - topbestglobal

15:13 15/05/2023 Top 20 Traditional Japanese Instruments You Should Know (2023 Guide) - topbestglobal.com

Top 20 Traditional Japanese

Instruments You Should Know (2023

Guide)

Charles Rios • May 9, 2023 34 16 minutes read

Are you fascinated by the enchanting sounds of traditional Japanese

music? If so, you’ll love this comprehensive guide to the top 20

traditional Japanese musical instruments that you should know in

2023.

Japan boasts a rich cultural heritage, and its traditional music has been

an integral part of Japanese culture for centuries. From the delicate

sounds of the koto to the thunderous beats of the taiko drums, these

instruments embody the spirit of Japan and its people.

This guide from Top Best Global is for anyone interested in traditional

Japanese instruments. Whether you’re a music enthusiast, a student of

Japanese culture, or simply curious about these instruments’ unique

sounds, we’ve got you covered. We’ll delve into each instrument’s history,

playing techniques, and distinctive sounds, so you can develop a deep

appreciation for the craftsmanship and artistry that goes into making

them. By the end of this guide, you’ll have gained a comprehensive

understanding of the different types of traditional Japanese instruments,

including string, percussion, and wind instruments.

So, get ready to immerse yourself in the world of traditional Japanese

musical instruments, and discover the beauty and diversity of Japan’s rich

musical heritage.

Table of Contents

https://topbestglobal.com/traditional-japanese-instruments 1/25


1. What are the traditional Japanese

musical instruments?

Traditional Japanese musical instruments, or wagakki ( 和楽器 ) in

Japanese, are an integral part of Japan’s cultural heritage. They are used

in various genres of traditional Japanese music, including folk music,

classical music, and court music.

Wagakki encompass a diverse range of instruments, including stringed

instruments such as the koto and shamisen, wind instruments like the

shakuhachi and fue, and percussion instruments like the taiko and

tsuzumi. These instruments are often made from natural materials such

as bamboo, wood, and silk, and are crafted using traditional techniques

passed down through generations.

In traditional Japanese music, wagakki are used to create a wide range of

sounds and moods, from delicate and serene to bold and thunderous.

They are often played in ensembles, with each instrument contributing to

a unique and harmonious sound that reflects Japan’s rich musical culture.

Overall, wagakki play a significant role in Japan’s cultural identity, and

continue to be celebrated and enjoyed by people around the world.

2. What are the three types of Japanese

traditional instruments?

Japanese traditional instruments are broadly categorized into three types:

string instruments, wind instruments, and percussion instruments.

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String instruments: These include instruments such as the koto,

shamisen, and biwa. They are played by plucking or strumming the

strings.

Wind instruments: Wind instruments in Japanese traditional music

include the shakuhachi, fue, hichiriki, and nohkan. They are played

by blowing air into the instrument.

Percussion instruments: These include the taiko, tsuzumi, and

various types of gongs and bells. They are played by striking or

hitting the instrument with sticks, hands, or other objects.

3. Top 15 Traditional Japanese Musical

Instruments You Should Know 2023

1.1. Shakuhachi ( 尺八 )

Shakuhachi is a traditional Japanese wind instrument that has been

around for over a thousand years. Its haunting and meditative sound has

captivated people around the world and has even been used in

contemporary music genres. Shakuhachi is a traditional Japanese

bamboo flute that has a long and fascinating history. It is one of the oldest

traditional Japanese musical instruments, dating back to the 8th century,



and has been used in a wide range of musical styles, from classical court

music to folk and Zen Buddhist meditation music.

Shakuhach is a Japanese end-blown bamboo flute. Source: Internet

The shakuhachi is a simple bamboo flute that is played by blowing air into

it. It has four finger holes on the front and one thumb hole on the back,

and the player changes the pitch by varying the position of their fingers

and lips.

Originally, the shakuhachi was used by Japanese monks as a tool for

meditation and spiritual practice. The long, drawn-out notes of the

instrument were believed to induce a trance-like state and promote inner

peace and enlightenment.

Today, the shakuhachi is still used in meditation and Zen practices, as

well as in various forms of traditional and contemporary music. It is often

featured in performances of traditional Japanese music, as well as in

fusion genres that combine elements of Japanese and Western music.



1.2. Koto ( 箏 )

One of the most popular traditional Japanese stringed instruments is the

Koto. Koto is one of the most iconic traditional Japanese musical

instruments. It is a stringed instrument that has been played in Japan for

over a millennium and is still widely popular today.

The koto ( 箏 ) is national instrument of Japan. Source: Internet

The koto has a long and narrow body made of wood, with thirteen strings

that are stretched over movable bridges. The player plucks the strings

with picks called tsume to produce a unique and delicate sound.

Originally, the koto was played in the imperial court and aristocratic circles

as a solo instrument, but over time it became a popular instrument in

various forms of traditional Japanese music. Today, it is often played in

ensembles, along with other traditional instruments such as the shamisen

and shakuhachi.

One of the most famous pieces of music played on the koto is “Sakura,” a

traditional Japanese folk song that has become synonymous with Japan’s

cultural heritage. The koto’s gentle and melodic sound makes it a perfect

instrument for playing traditional Japanese music and has made it popular

among musicians around the world.



1.3. Sanshin ( 三線 )

Sanshin is a traditional Okinawan stringed musical instrument that is

similar to the shamisen, but with its unique design and playing style. This

instrument from Okinawa (Japan) is often called the “Okinawan shamisen”

and its sound is distinctive and unmistakable.

The sanshin ( 三線 ) is an Okinawan musical instrument. Source: Internet

The Sanshin has a long, thin body made of snakeskin stretched over a

wooden frame, with three strings that are plucked with a plectrum called a

bachi. The instrument has a unique sound that is both bright and warm,

making it perfect for playing Okinawan folk music.

Originally, the Sanshin was used by traveling musicians and storytellers

who roamed the Okinawan countryside, performing for villagers and

entertaining them with their music and tales. Over time, it became a

popular instrument among the Okinawan people and is now considered a

vital part of Okinawa’s cultural heritage.

Today, the Sanshin is still widely played in Okinawa and has become

popular throughout Japan and other parts of the world. It is often played in

ensembles, along with other traditional Okinawan instruments such as the

taiko drum and the fue flute.



>> See more: Best Japanese Fishing Rod Brands

1.4. Shime-Daiko ( 締太鼓 )

Shime-Daiko, also known as the “tightening drum” is a type of Japanese

taiko drum that is played in various forms of traditional Japanese music

and performance. It is a small, high-pitched Japanese drum that is

typically played with bachi, or traditional Japanese drumsticks.

The shime-daiko ( 締め太鼓 ) is a small Japanese drum. Source: Internet

The Shime-Daiko drum is made of a wooden body that is covered with

tightly stretched animal hide, such as cowhide or deerhide. The drumhead

is then tightened using ropes that are wound around the drum, which can

be adjusted to change the pitch of the drum.

The Shime-Daiko is often used in ensemble drumming performances, and

is known for its sharp, piercing sound. It is also used in traditional

Japanese festivals and ceremonies, including Shinto weddings and

funerals. In these ceremonies, the Shime-Daiko is often played in

combination with other taiko drums and Japanese musical instruments,

creating a powerful and memorable sound.



Playing the Shime-Daiko requires a great deal of skill and practice, as the

drum must be struck in a precise manner to produce the desired sound.

The drum is often played in fast, intricate rhythms, making it a challenging

instrument to master.

1.5. Shamisen ( 三味線 )

The Shamisen (or samisen) is a traditional Japanese three-stringed

instrument that has been used in various styles of music for centuries. It is

often referred to as the “Japanese banjo” due to its similar construction

and playing style. The shamisen has a long and rich history and is still a

popular instrument in traditional and contemporary Japanese music.

The shamisen is a stringed instrument, one of the traditional musical instruments of Japan.

Source: Internet

The shamisen consists of a long, narrow neck made of wood, with a

resonator body covered with cat or dog skin. The strings are made of silk

or nylon and are stretched tightly over the body of the instrument, and

plucked with a plectrum called a bachi. The shamisen is capable of

producing a wide range of sounds, from delicate and subtle to powerful

and dramatic.



Originally, the shamisen was used in court music, but over time it became

a popular instrument among the common people, particularly in the

entertainment districts of Tokyo and Osaka. It was often used to

accompany kabuki theater, a popular form of Japanese drama, and also

became popular in geisha and courtesan culture.

Today, the shamisen is still widely played in Japan and around the world,

and is used in various styles of traditional and contemporary music. It is

also a popular instrument in taiko drum ensembles and other Japanese

musical groups. Learning to play the shamisen requires a great deal of

practice and dedication, as the instrument has a unique playing style and

requires a deep understanding of Japanese music and culture.

1.6. Biwa ( 琵琶 )

Biwa, also known as the Japanese lute, is a traditional Japanese musical

instrument that has been used for centuries in various styles of music,

from court music to folk and storytelling music. It has a unique shape and

a distinct sound that is both haunting and beautiful, and it has played an

important role in the history and culture of Japan.

BIWA ( 琵琶 ) is a musical instrument in traditional Japanese strings. Source: Internet



The biwa is a pear-shaped stringed instrument that is made from wood,

with four strings stretched across a wooden bridge. The Biwa – musical

instrument in traditional Japanese strings are played with a large, flat

plectrum called a bachi, and the biwa is held upright while it is played. The

biwa has a warm and resonant sound that is often used to accompany

vocalists, and it is capable of producing a wide range of sounds, from

delicate and soft to strong and powerful.

1.7. Taiko ( 太鼓 )

Taiko ( 太鼓 ), or wadaiko ( 和太鼓 ) which means “big drum” in Japanese, is

a traditional percussion instrument that has been used in Japan for

centuries. It is a powerful and dynamic instrument that is often used in

festivals, ceremonies, and performances, and has become increasingly

popular around the world in recent years.

Taiko is an Japanese percussion instruments. Source: Internet

The Japanese Taiko drum is a large drum that is made from a hollowedout

wooden body covered with animal skin. It is played with large wooden

sticks called bachi, which are used to strike the drumhead with a

combination of different techniques and rhythms. The taiko is capable of

producing a wide range of sounds, from deep and thunderous to sharp

and staccato.



Originally, taiko was used in religious ceremonies and festivals, but over

time it became a popular instrument in various forms of music and

entertainment. Today, there are many different styles of taiko, each with its

own unique playing techniques and rhythms. Taiko groups, or kumi-daiko,

are also common and consist of multiple drummers playing together in a

synchronized and powerful performance.

1.8. Kokyu ( 胡弓 )

Kokyu is one of the most popular traditional Japanese instruments. It is a

type of bowed string instrument that has been played for centuries in

various forms of music. Its unique sound is captivating, haunting, and

beautiful all at once, and it’s capable of producing a wide range of tones

and emotions.

The kokyū is a traditional Japanese string instrument. Source: Internet

The kokyu has a long and thin body made of wood, with three or four

strings stretched across a wooden bridge. It’s played with a bow made

from horsehair that’s drawn across the strings to create sound. The

instrument is held upright while playing, and it can produce a range of

sounds from soft and delicate to strong and powerful.

Originally, the kokyu was used in court music and was a symbol of nobility

and refinement. However, it became popular among the common people



over time and was used in various forms of music, including folk music

and storytelling. Today, the kokyu is still widely played in Japan and is

used in traditional and contemporary styles of music.

1.9. Naruko ( 鳴子 )

Are you curious about the unique percussion instrument used in

traditional Japanese folk music? Look no further than Naruko!

Naruko, also known as Naruko clappers or Naruko drums, are a

fascinating and distinctive type of Japanese percussion instrument. Made

of two wooden clappers that are held in each hand and struck together

rhythmically, the Naruko produces a bright, sharp sound that is instantly

recognizable.

Naruko is Japanese percussion instrument used in Yosakoi dance. Source: Internet

With its roots in Japanese folk music, the Naruko is often used in festivals

and performances, including the lively Awa Odori dance and Yosakoi-

Festival (Yosakoi-Dance). Playing the Naruko requires skill and precision,



as the clappers must be struck together in a precise rhythm to produce

the desired sound. The angle and pressure of the clappers can also be

adjusted to produce a range of different tones and effects.

Not only is the Naruko an important part of Japanese cultural heritage, but

it has also gained popularity around the world as a unique and fascinating

instrument. So if you’re looking to add some Japanese flair to your music

or performance, consider incorporating the Naruko!

1.10. Kane ( 鉦 )

Kane, also known as the “gong, handbell” in English, is a traditional

Japanese percussion instrument that has been used in various forms of

Japanese music and performance for centuries. This traditional Japanese

instrument is a large metal disc that is struck with a mallet to produce a

resonant sound that is often used to mark significant moments or

transitions in music and ceremony.

The kane is a type of dish-shaped bell from Japan. Source: Internet

Kane are typically made of bronze or brass and come in a variety of sizes

and shapes. They are often decorated with intricate patterns or designs,



and can be hung from a stand or held by a rope to be struck. In traditional

Japanese music, the Kane is used to signal the beginning and end of a

piece, as well as to accentuate specific moments within the music.

Moreover, it is also used in Shinto and Buddhist ceremonies, where it is

struck to signify important moments such as the beginning or end of a

prayer. Playing the Kane requires skill and precision, as the player must

strike the gong in a specific manner to produce the desired sound. The

angle, speed, and force of the strike can all affect the sound of the Kane,

allowing for a wide range of tonal variations.

1.11. Tsuzumi ( 鼓 )

Tsuzumi is a traditional Japanese percussion instrument that has been

used for centuries in various forms of Japanese music and dance. It is a

hand-held drum that is played by striking the drumhead with the hand and

adjusting the tension of the ropes on the sides to produce different tones.

The tsudzumi or tsuzumi is a hand drum of Japanese origin. Source: Internet

The Tsuzumi comes in two sizes, the larger one known as the ōtsuzumi

and the smaller one known as the kotsuzumi. Both types of Tsuzumi have

a hollow, hourglass-shaped body made of wood or lacquered bamboo,



and are covered with animal skin on both sides. The ropes that run along

the sides of the drum are used to adjust the pitch and tone of the drum,

and are often tied in intricate patterns.

The Tsuzumi is most commonly associated with the classical Japanese

dance-drama known as Noh, where it is played alongside other

instruments such as the flute and the shamisen. In Noh, the Tsuzumi is

used to create a range of sounds that reflect the emotions and actions of

the characters in the drama.

1.12. Shinobue ( 篠笛 )

Shinobue is a traditional Japanese bamboo flute that has been used for

centuries in various forms of Japanese music, including folk, classical,

and contemporary. It is a simple yet versatile instrument that produces a

beautiful, delicate sound that is both soothing and captivating.

Shinobue is traditional Japanese musical instruments. Source: Internet

The Shinobue comes in different sizes and is often used in ensembles

with other traditional Japanese instruments such as the shamisen, koto,



and taiko drums. It is made from high-quality bamboo that is carefully

selected and dried to produce the desired tone and resonance.

One of the most distinctive features of the Shinobue is its unique fingering

system, which allows for a wide range of notes and expressions. Players

use a combination of holes and half-holes to produce different pitches,

and can also use techniques such as bending and vibrato to add

character and emotion to their playing.

The Shinobue is most commonly associated with Japanese festivals and

celebrations, where it is played by groups of musicians known as

“hayashi” who perform lively and upbeat music to accompany dance and

other festivities. It is also used in other forms of traditional Japanese

music, such as “minyo” (folk music) and “hogo” (ritual music).

1.13. Sho ( 笙 )

Sho is a unique traditional Japanese instrument that has been used for

centuries in various forms of Japanese music, including classical, folk,

and contemporary. It is a wind instrument that produces a rich and

complex sound that is both haunting and beautiful.

The shō is a Japanese wind instrument. Source: Internet



The Sho is made up of 17 bamboo pipes that are bound together with a

metal frame. Each pipe has a reed that vibrates when air is blown into it,

producing a distinct note. The player uses a combination of breath control

and finger movements to produce different notes and harmonies, creating

a rich and intricate sound that is unlike any other instrument.

One of the unique features of the Sho is its ability to produce a wide range

of sounds, including both harmonies and dissonant tones. This allows the

player to create complex and layered music that is both meditative and

emotional.

The Sho is most commonly used in traditional Japanese court music,

known as “gagaku”, which dates back over 1,000 years. It is also used in

other forms of traditional Japanese music, such as “minyo” (folk music)

and “hogo” (ritual music).

1.14. Mokugyo ( 木魚 )

Mokugyo is a traditional Japanese percussion instrument that is

commonly used in Buddhist ceremonies and meditation practices. It is a

simple instrument made from a hollowed-out piece of wood, typically

shaped like a fish, with a flat bottom and a carved-out mouth.



Mokugyo is a Japanese wooden percussion instrument. Source: Internet

The player strikes the Mokugyo with a wooden stick to produce a deep,

resonant sound that is believed to help focus the mind during meditation

and spiritual practices. The sound is said to represent the voice of the

Buddha, and the steady beat of the instrument helps to create a sense of

calm and tranquility.

The Mokugyo is also used in various Japanese theatrical performances,

including kabuki and noh plays, to create a dramatic and powerful effect.

In these performances, the Mokugyo is often played alongside other

traditional Japanese instruments, such as the shamisen and taiko drums.

1.15. Horagai ( 法螺貝 )

Horagai, also known as the Japanese conch shell trumpet, is a traditional

wind instrument that has been used in Japan for centuries. It is made from

the shell of the Charonia tritonis, a large sea snail that is commonly found

in the waters around Japan.



Large Trumpet shell Horagai is a Japanese Traditional Instruments. Source: Internet

In ancient times, Horagai was used as a communication tool by Japanese

warriors to signal their troops during battle. Today, it is primarily used in

traditional Japanese music and in religious ceremonies, particularly in

Buddhism and Shintoism.

The sound of the Horagai is deep and resonant, and its unique shape

allows for a wide range of tones and pitches. It is played by blowing into

the small end of the shell while covering and uncovering the larger

opening with the hand.

1.16. Hichiriki ( 篳篥 )

Hichiriki is a traditional Japanese wind instrument that is made of

bamboo and is similar in appearance to a small oboe. Its name comes

from the combination of the two characters “hi” and “chiriki” which mean

“small” and “bamboo flute” respectively.



The hichiriki is a double reed Japanese instrument. Source: Internet

The hichiriki has a unique sound that is both haunting and beautiful. Its

sound is often described as being nasal or reedy, and it is typically used in

traditional Japanese music to create a sense of solemnity or melancholy.

In traditional Japanese music, the hichiriki is often played in ensembles

with other traditional instruments, such as the shakuhachi and the taiko

drum. It is commonly used in various forms of Japanese classical music,

including gagaku, which is a form of ancient court music that has been

played in Japan for over a thousand years.

1.17. Hyoshigi ( 拍子木 )

Hyoshigi is a traditional Japanese percussion instrument that is made up

of two wooden sticks that are struck together to create a sharp clapping

sound. The sticks are usually made from hardwood and are held together

with a small piece of string or cord.



The hyōshigi is a simple Japanese musical instrument. Source: Internet

The sound produced by hyoshigi is often used in traditional Japanese

music and performances to create a sense of rhythm and timing. It is

particularly popular in Japanese theater and is often used to signal the

start or end of a performance or to mark the beginning of a new scene.

In addition to its use in traditional Japanese music and performances,

hyoshigi is also used in various modern settings, such as in school music

classes or as part of contemporary musical performances.

Despite its simple construction and function, hyoshigi is an important

instrument in Japanese culture and has been used for centuries in a

variety of different contexts. Its unique sound and versatility have made it

a beloved and enduring part of Japan’s rich musical heritage.

1.18. Kagura Suzu ( 神楽鈴 )

Kagura Suzu is a type of bell commonly used in Japanese Shinto

ceremonies and rituals. It is also known as the “sacred bell” or “Kagura

bell” and is an important part of traditional Japanese music.



Kagura suzu are a set of twelve bells used in Japanese Kagura dance. Source: Internet

The bell is usually made of bronze or brass and is designed to produce a

clear and crisp sound. It is often decorated with intricate patterns and

symbols that represent various aspects of Japanese culture and

mythology.

In Shintoism, the Kagura Suzu is believed to have spiritual significance

and is used to purify the air and create a sacred atmosphere. It is often

rung during ceremonies and festivals to call upon the gods and to signal

the beginning and end of rituals.

1.19. Gottan (ごったん)

Gottan, also known as the hako shamisen or ita shamisen, is a traditional

Japanese percussion instrument that originated in the Okinawan Islands.

It is also known as the “kucho” or “kuchoki” and is similar in appearance to

a small wooden box or crate.



Gottan is a traditional Japanese string instrument. Source: Internet

The Gottan is made from a rectangular wooden frame with thin slats of

wood or bamboo on the top, bottom, and sides. The slats are loosely

attached to the frame, allowing them to vibrate and produce a unique and

distinct sound when struck.

The instrument is played by holding it horizontally and striking it with the

palms of the hands or fingers. The sound produced by the Gottan is often

described as a mixture of a drum and a woodblock.

1.20. Nohkan ( 能管 )

Nohkan, also known as the noh flute, is a traditional Japanese bamboo

flute used in Noh theatre performances. It is a key instrument in Noh

music, which is an essential part of the Noh theatrical tradition.



Nohkan is a Japanese transverse bamboo flute. Source: Internet

The Nohkan is made from a single piece of bamboo or wooden and has

four finger holes and one thumb hole. It is a transverse flute, which means

that the player holds the instrument horizontally and blows across the top

of the instrument’s opening.

The Nohkan has a unique sound that is both haunting and beautiful. It is

used to create a variety of sounds and effects in Noh music, such as

expressing the emotions of the characters or setting the mood of the

scene.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the traditional Japanese instruments featured in this

guide represent a rich cultural heritage that has been passed down

through generations. These instruments come in the form of string,

percussion, and wind instruments and are integral to various traditional

Japanese musical genres. From the haunting melodies of the shakuhachi

to the intricate plucking of the koto and the thundering beats of the taiko,

each instrument has its unique sound and style.



By learning about these instruments, one can gain a deeper appreciation

for the artistry and craftsmanship involved in their creation, as well as the

cultural significance they hold in Japan. Whether you’re a musician, a

music enthusiast, or simply curious about Japanese culture, these

traditional instruments are definitely worth exploring.

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