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Airport Engineering
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This book is printed on acid-free p
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vi Contents 4 Airport System Planni
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viii Contents 10.13 Expandability,
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x Contents 17.6 Biodiversity and Na
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xii Preface Acknowledgments the bas
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1 The Structure and Organization of
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Table 1.1 Annexes to the ICAO Conve
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1.4 U.S. Governmental Organizations
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1.6 Patterns of Airport Ownership 7
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1.7 Revenues and Expenditures at U.
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1.8 Sources of Capital Financing fo
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Table 1.4 U.S. Airport Annual Avera
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Local Government Taxes State Financ
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1.9 Federal Financing 17 More chang
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1.10 The U.S. National Plan of Inte
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2 2.1 INTRODUCTION Forecasting Air
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2.1 Introduction 23 principal diffe
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2.2 Components of Air Transport Dem
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Survey of Expectation 2.3 Conventio
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2.3 Conventional Airport Forecast M
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Linear trend Exponential trend Para
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2.4 Integrated Demand Forecast Fram
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Data required for this system inclu
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2.4 Integrated Demand Forecast Fram
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Enplanements (millions) 1,000 100 1
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2.4 Integrated Demand Forecast Fram
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2.5 MULTIAIRPORT REGION FORECAST FR
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2.5 Multiairport Region Forecast Fr
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2.5 Multiairport Region Forecast Fr
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2.5 Multiairport Region Forecast Fr
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2.5 Multiairport Region Forecast Fr
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2.5 Multiairport Region Forecast Fr
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2.5 Multiairport Region Forecast Fr
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2.5 Multiairport Region Forecast Fr
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2.5 Multiairport Region Forecast Fr
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where Tij = travel by air passenger
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2.8 Generation-Distribution Models
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Multimodal Models 2.8 Generation-Di
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2.9 Air Freight Demand Forecasts 67
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where AP = aircraft price index P =
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where p(a) = exp[δRR (a)] exp[δR
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References 73 34. De Neufville, R.,
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14,000 4000 B777-300 Piston Turbopr
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where 3.2 The Influence of Aircraft
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400 400 A380 350 Envelope of produc
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Requirements of Current Aircraft Ty
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Table 3.1b Aircraft Characteristics
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Table 3.1c Characteristics of Selec
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FAR takeoff runway length (1000 m)
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3.2 The Influence of Aircraft Desig
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3.2 The Influence of Aircraft Desig
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3.2 The Influence of Aircraft Desig
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3.3 Other Airport Layout Factors 95
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3.4 Factors Affecting Airport Capac
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3.5 Noise 99 Failure in this regard
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3.6 Future Trends in Aircraft Desig
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3.6 Future Trends in Aircraft Desig
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4 Airport System Planning The airpo
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4.3 Planning Airport Systems under
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4.3 Planning Airport Systems under
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4.4 Effect of Airline Hubs and Dere
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Figure 4.1 Major U.S. airline hubs
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4.5 Air Transport Planning in the U
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4.5 Air Transport Planning in the U
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383 Primary 4.5 Air Transport Plann
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SEA SFO Hawaii Inset HNL LAX SAN LA
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ORS Alaska MCE MWH WS PDT 4.5 Air T
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Reconstruction 19% Security 2% Safe
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4.5 Air Transport Planning in the U
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4.6 AIRPORT SYSTEM PLANNING IN EURO
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4.7 Airport System Plan Analysis 13
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4.7 Airport System Plan Analysis 13
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Area issues Metro/regional plans Sy
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4.7 Airport System Plan Analysis 13
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4.7 Airport System Plan Analysis 13
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Table 4.3 Reference Airports for Ca
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4.7 Airport System Plan Analysis 14
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4.8 Data Structure for Airport Syst
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Demand Characteristics • Origin d
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References 149 6. National Plan of
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5.2 HIERARCHY OF PLANNING (1) 5.3 E
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5.3 Elements of Airport Master Plan
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Demand-Capacity Analysis 5.3 Elemen
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5.3 Elements of Airport Master Plan
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Table 5.1 Outline of ICAO Master Pl
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Part I: Preplanning & preparation P
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5.6 Data Requirements for Master Pl
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5.6 Data Requirements for Master Pl
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5.7 STRUCTURE OF MASTER PLAN REPORT
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5.7 Structure of Master Plan Report
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KUCHING 39 16 15 13 12 39 40 14 31
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(a) 5.7 Structure of Master Plan Re
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(c) Figure 5.5(c) Dallas Fort Worth
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5.8 Airport Site Selection 177 airp
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6 CNS/ATM The communication, naviga
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Technology Background 6.1 Evolution
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6.2 U.S. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (
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NAS Structure 6.2 U.S. National Air
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6.2 U.S. National Airspace System (
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6.2 U.S. National Airspace System (
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6.2 U.S. National Airspace System (
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6.3 CNS/ATM OF THE NAS Radio-Based
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 195 commonly
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 197 with a c
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 199 Air Traf
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 201 Airport
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 203 Air Rout
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 205 blocks o
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 207 The evol
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 209 PBN offe
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The specific requirements of an RNP
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 213 • WAAS
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 215 Figure 6
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 217 Figure 6
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 219 ALSF-II
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 221 indicati
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6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 223 Figure 6
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Figure 6.18 (continued) 225
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HGR: hangar area ILS: ILS critical
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STOP 6.3 CNS/ATM of the NAS 229 STO
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• Positioning, navigation, and ti
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References 233 21. Local Area Augme
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7.2 Capacity, Level of Service, and
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7.3 Airside Capacity 237 increase i
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Arrivals/15 min 2 4 φ(C d ) Freque
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subject to where: 7.4 Factors Affec
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7.4 Factors Affecting Airside Capac
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7.5 Determination of Runway Capacit
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Cumulative arrivals Arrival rate 7.
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7.5 Determination of Runway Capacit
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For vi = 135, vj = 100, we have m(v
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7.5 Determination of Runway Capacit
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Touch & go factor T Hourly capacity
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7.6 Annual Service Volume 257 5. De
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Table 7.3 Capacity and Annual Servi
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Arrival delay index 60% arrivals 50
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Annual Aircraft Delay 7.8 Calculati
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7.10 Gate Capacity 265 The maximum
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7.11 Assessing System Capacity-Dela
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Passengers per inhabitant 2.00 1.50
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7.11 Assessing System Capacity-Dela
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7.12 Airport Landside Capacity 273
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IATA LOS Framework 7.12 Airport Lan
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7.12 Airport Landside Capacity 277
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7.12 Airport Landside Capacity 279
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Table 7.8 Check-in Queue Area LOS S
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7.12 Airport Landside Capacity 283
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Holding/Waiting Facilities 7.12 Air
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is to use aircraft capacity to esti
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7.12 Airport Landside Capacity 289
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Airport Ground Access 7.12 Airport
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7.12 Airport Landside Capacity 293
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References 295 21. Larson, R., and
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8 Airside Configuration and Geometr
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8.3 Airfield Configuration 299 Sinc
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8.4 Runway Orientation 301 aircraft
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8.4 Runway Orientation 303 Figure 8
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8.4 Runway Orientation 305 Figure 8
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8.4 Runway Orientation 307 A wind a
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Table 8.4 Dimensions of FAA Imagina
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8.5 Obstructions to Airspace: FAA a
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Table 8.6 Takeoff Runways: Dimensio
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First section Length 1,600 m 2,500
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FAR takeoff runway length 1000 m 4.
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Runway Runway Direction of operatio
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8.9 FAA Airport Reference Code 321
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8.11 Runway and Taxiway Cross Secti
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Taxiways 8.11 Runway and Taxiway Cr
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Table 8.11d ICAO Recommended Practi
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Table 8.13 FAA Taxiway Dimensional
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RPZ 3:1 50:1 50:1 Inner approach OF
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Table 8.15 Runway Longitudinal-grad
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8.14 Longitudinal-Grade Design for
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W L TAXIWAY CL R L F W + + W W 8.15
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W T 200′ 3′ C L P.C. 250′ MIN
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8.17 Terminal Aprons 341 2. The mov
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FACE OF TERMINAL 45' 20' - 25' TYPI
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A AIRPLANE MODEL 737-600 737-700 73
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AIRCONDITIONING UNIT AIR START UNIT
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8.18 SUMMARY References 349 not exc
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9 Safeguarding the Airport As the p
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Airport Safety Zones 9.1 Airport Sa
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9.1 Airport Safety 355 areas. Gates
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9.1 Airport Safety 357 • Gap Anal
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9.2 AIRPORT SECURITY 9.2 Airport Se
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9.3 Airport Emergency Planning 361
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Components of AEP (6) 9.3 Airport E
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9.3 Airport Emergency Planning 365
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9.4 Planning of Airport Security 36
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9.4 Planning of Airport Security 36
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9.4 Planning of Airport Security 37
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 373 N
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 375 a
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 377 F
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Temporary construction of alteratio
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ASBL Glide pth 9.5 Safeguarding the
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IAP IF FEEDER ROUTE INTIAL 1000 500
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 385 T
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 387 F
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 389
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 391 F
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 393 j
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TERPS Surfaces lower than Part 77 S
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 397 D
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 399 I
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 401 T
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 403 a
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 405 F
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New Technology for Airport Obstruct
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(a) 9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 4
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9.5 Safeguarding the Airspace 411 F
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References 413 17. A Model Zoning O
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10.3 Facilities Required at Passeng
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10.4 Passenger and Baggage Flow 417
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10.5 Security Considerations in Pas
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10.6 Terminal Design Concepts 421 b
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10.6 Terminal Design Concepts 423 s
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One level One & one half levels Two
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Cumulative frequency Cumulative fre
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10.10 Space Requirements for Indivi
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Table 10.2 IATA Level of Service (L
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RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS Year 20
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10.10 Space Requirements for Indivi
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10.10 Space Requirements for Indivi
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Figure 10.11 Baggage claim screen (
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Figure 10.12 Baggage loading and un
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45'-0" Claim length available 45'-0
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xxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx 10.13 E
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10.14 Number of Aircraft Gates 447
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183 m 600'-0" 274-308 m 900'-1000'
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10.14 Number of Aircraft Gates 451
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NOSE IN ANGLED NOSE IN NOSE OUT 10.
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Fueling Facilities Electrical Suppl
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11 Air Cargo Facilities 11.1 IMPORT
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Mix and Flow Characteristics of Car
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Tonnes per hour 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0
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Figure 11.4 SATS air cargo terminal
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11.5 Pallets, Containers, Igloos, a
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IATA Unit-Load Devices (ULDs) 11.5
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P. Aircraft pallet R. Thermal certi
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11.8 APRON CARGO HANDLING 11.8 Apro
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11.9 Elements to Be Considered in D
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11.10 Example of Design of Middle-T
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11.10 Example of Design of Middle-T
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11.11 Design of Highly Mechanized C
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481
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483
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Export Import 11.12 Mail and Expres
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Maintenance & Servicing Airside Rec
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12 12.1 INTRODUCTION Airport Draina
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Rainfall Intensity, Duration, and F
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12.2 Estimation of Runoff 493 These
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Distance D, ft where 800 700 600 50
- Page 1024: 12.3 Collection and Disposal of Run
- Page 1028: Slope, ft/ft .2 .1 .09 .08 .07 .06
- Page 1032: 12.3 Collection and Disposal of Run
- Page 1036: Design of Inlets, Manholes, and Hea
- Page 1040: Figure 12.8 Ttypical three-grate in
- Page 1044: H = base thickness (ft) S = slope (
- Page 1048: 12.5 Introduction 509 The surface c
- Page 1052: 12.5 Introduction 511 A further com
- Page 1056: Table 12.4 Soil Classification Base
- Page 1060: Plasticity index (PI) 60 50 40 30 2
- Page 1064: Table 12.5 Subgrade Compaction Requ
- Page 1068: 12.6 Flexible-Pavement Design Metho
- Page 1072: Aircraft Mix 12.6 Flexible-Pavement
- Page 1078: 524 Airport Drainage and Pavement D
- Page 1082: 526 Airport Drainage and Pavement D
- Page 1086: 528 Airport Drainage and Pavement D
- Page 1090: 530 Airport Drainage and Pavement D
- Page 1094: 532 Airport Drainage and Pavement D
- Page 1098: 534 Airport Drainage and Pavement D
- Page 1102: 536 Airport Drainage and Pavement D
- Page 1106: 538 Airport Drainage and Pavement D
- Page 1110: 540 Airport Drainage and Pavement D
- Page 1114: 542 Airport Drainage and Pavement D
- Page 1118: 544 Airport Access Figure 13.1 Comp
- Page 1122: 546 Figure 13.2 Access system.
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548 Airport Access services, visito
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550 Airport Access Urban Bus access
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552 Airport Access area. Because th
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554 Airport Access In the 1990s, a
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556 Airport Access VTOL Links Marke
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558 Airport Access X2 = percentage
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560 Airport Access Public auto park
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562 Airport Access A pricing struct
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564 Airport Access Single-Curb Mode
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566 Airport Access (d) (e) Figure 1
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568 Airport Access land use so clos
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570 Airport Access facilities. Simi
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572 Airport Access 3. Leigh, F., M.
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574 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1182:
576 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1186:
578 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1190:
580 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1194:
582 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1198:
584 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1202:
586 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1206:
588 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1210:
590 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1214:
592 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1218:
594 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1222:
596 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1226:
598 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1230:
600 Heliports, STOLports, and Verti
- Page 1234:
15 15.1 INTRODUCTION 602 Airport Mo
- Page 1238:
604 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1242:
606 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1246:
608 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1250:
610 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1254:
612 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1258:
614 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1262:
616 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1266:
618 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1270:
620 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1274:
622 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1278:
624 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1282:
626 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1286:
628 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1290:
630 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1294:
632 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1298:
634 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1302:
636 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1306:
638 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1310:
640 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1314:
642 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1318:
644 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1322:
646 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1326:
648 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1330:
650 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1334:
652 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1338:
654 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1342:
656 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1346:
658 Airport Modeling and Simulation
- Page 1350:
660 Airport City 16.2 GLOBAL CITY h
- Page 1354:
662 Airport City Chicago Toronto Me
- Page 1358:
664 Airport City Another objective
- Page 1362:
666 Airport City Another feature in
- Page 1366:
668 OUTSIDE FENCE Broader Aerotropo
- Page 1370:
670 Airport City residential develo
- Page 1374:
672 Airport City business community
- Page 1378:
674 Airport City Schiphol 2005 Schi
- Page 1382:
676 Airport City • Airport Plaza.
- Page 1386:
678 Airport City Figure 16.10 Schip
- Page 1390:
680 Airport City might be more dire
- Page 1394:
682 Airport City (a) (b) Figure 16.
- Page 1398:
684 Airport City North Side Station
- Page 1402:
686 Airport City Figure 16.18 Plan
- Page 1406:
688 Airport City One only needs to
- Page 1410:
690 Airport City airport support co
- Page 1414:
692 Airport City (c) Ocean Landmark
- Page 1418:
694 Airport City xxxx Flower Centre
- Page 1422:
696 Airport City Figure 16.29 Ultim
- Page 1426:
698 Airport City Figure 16.32 DWC L
- Page 1430:
700 Airport City Figure 16.35 DWC g
- Page 1434:
702 Airport City • Ensure commitm
- Page 1438:
17 17.1 INTRODUCTION 704 Environmen
- Page 1442:
706 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1446:
708 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1450:
710 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1454:
712 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1458:
714 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1462:
716 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1466:
718 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1470:
720 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1474:
722 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1478:
724 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1482:
726 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1486:
728 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1490:
730 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1494:
732 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1498:
734 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1502:
736 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1506:
738 Environmental Impacts of Airpor
- Page 1510:
740 Index Air freight demand (conti
- Page 1514:
742 Index Annual service volume (AS
- Page 1518:
744 Index Environmental review, pro
- Page 1522:
746 Index Global city characteristi
- Page 1526:
748 Index McKinley Conway concepts,
- Page 1530:
750 Index Piper, Hans, 451 Planning
- Page 1534:
752 Index Takeoff and landing area