Module 3B Managing Resources

• Encourages consideration of a broader
range of metrics when monitoring
performance.
• The approach is more complex and
requires greater coordination and
integration of data sets as well as
sufficient familiarity with the model to
interpret accordingly.
3B.2.2 Measuring Performance
When considering the performance of an activity, project, department, or organization, we can
consider different dimensions.
• Inputs. These are the resources that are applied to undertaking the activity.
• Outputs. These are the products and initial results of the activity. Often outputs are more
tangible or immediately apparent than the subsequent outcomes and impacts.
• Outcomes. These are the effects of the activity and link closely to the objectives.
• Impacts. These are the longer-term consequences of the activity.
The distinction between outcomes and impacts is not always made. We may consider them as
short-term and long-term impacts. Inputs, outputs, outcomes, and impacts relating to internal
auditing are illustrated below.
When developing metrics for performance management, it is important to include measures of
outcomes and impacts because these relate to the purpose of internal auditing. Inputs and
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