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Sports Medicine<br />

which are important to prevent many<br />

of the degenerative changes attributed<br />

to aging.<br />

While we don’t know the details of<br />

how exercise works, we do know the<br />

following:<br />

• Benefits of exercise cannot be<br />

stored.<br />

• A major fraction of the cardiovascular<br />

responses to exercise may depend<br />

upon short-term responses.<br />

• It’s not about what you used to<br />

do, but what you do do!<br />

Wellness is a much broader term<br />

than fitness and includes the following:<br />

• General health<br />

• Mental functioning<br />

• Physical functioning<br />

• Bodily pain<br />

• Emotional well-being<br />

• Physical well-being<br />

• Social functioning<br />

• Vitality<br />

<strong>The</strong> Test Scores<br />

<strong>Master</strong>s swimmers score higher on<br />

all measures of wellness except “bodily<br />

pain.” This might be because of how<br />

<strong>Master</strong>s swimmers interpret the “pain”<br />

of physical training.<br />

<strong>The</strong>y score higher on composite<br />

scores for general health as well as<br />

physical and mental functioning.<br />

Among <strong>Master</strong>s, the oldest swimmers<br />

present the greatest differences when<br />

compared to the general population.<br />

Preliminary data suggest that <strong>Master</strong>s<br />

swimmers have a greater Total<br />

Daily Energy Expenditure than the<br />

general population—and much of this<br />

is unrelated to swimming. In other<br />

words, <strong>Master</strong>s swimmers are physically<br />

more active during the rest of the<br />

day than non-swimmers.<br />

VISA<br />

14<br />

Preliminary reports also suggest that<br />

USMS swimmers have enhanced physiological<br />

functional capacity, greater<br />

“wellness,” greater non-swimming activity<br />

and enhanced vitality.<br />

However, there are many other agingrelated<br />

variables that we know little<br />

about for a population such as USMS<br />

members (such as the average life expectancy<br />

at birth). If we could determine<br />

to what extent USMS members are aging<br />

well, we could contribute to the general<br />

body of knowledge about aging and activity.<br />

Physical activity is, perhaps, the single<br />

mechanism that has been shown in humans<br />

to extend significantly “the good<br />

life.” USMS members might just be<br />

swimming in the Fountain of Youth.<br />

Dr. Joel Stager is the director of the Counsilman Center for<br />

the Science of Swimming at Indiana University. He oversees one<br />

of the largest and most respected graduate programs in exercise<br />

physiology in the U.S. An outstanding <strong>Master</strong>s swimmer in his<br />

own right, he also currently helps coach the IU <strong>Master</strong>s Swim<br />

Club.<br />

Richard Quick Swimming Videos<br />

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Swimmer’s Shoulder:<br />

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