Lentil variety sowing guide 2012 - Seed Distributors

Seed Distributors Pty Ltd in association with 

the SARDI New Variety and Evaluation Group 

2012 

CROPPING 

SOWING 

GUIDE 

seeddistributors.com.au 

1

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Contents: 

Plant Breeders Rights Information 5 

Wheat variety sowing guide 11 

Barley variery sowing guide 19 

Canola variety sowing guide 25 

Lupin variety sowing guide 31 

Oat variety sowing guide 34 

Chickpea variety sowing guide 40 

Pea variety sowing guide 43 

Faba Bean variety sowing guide 46 

Lentil variety sowing guide 49 

Triticale variety sowing guide 52 

3

4 

It is with great pleasure that we present the 

SARDI 2012 Seed Distributors Cropping 

Sowing Guide. These guides are full of valuable 

articles on new and standard southern region 

cropping varieties written by the SARDI New Variety Agronomy Group 

headed by Rob Wheeler. Their independent and unbiased articles make 

valued and insightful reading, and I thank them all for their efforts and 

hard work in making this information available to the market for the 

benefit of consultants and growers alike 

For the past eight years Seed Distributors have been disseminating 

this guide to agronomists and advisors across the country. The idea of this publication 

began from modest beginnings; when SARDI would provide Seed Distributors with copies 

of the March Grain Business Magazine which contained the Sowing Guide, and we would 

envelope and post them out to consultants so that they would receive this information 

before their farmer clients did. 

Since then the Seed Distributors Cropping Sowing Guide has grown. We began publishing 

our own version of the guide in 2006 when a modest 500 guides were printed up. From 

2006 until today Seed Distributors commitment to providing the Ag consulting industry 

with valuable information has not changed. In this time the print run on the sowing 

guide has grown by 500%; and in 2009 when the Grain Business Magazine discontinued 

publication of the Harvest Report, Seed Distributors began publication of this 2nd 

cropping report in order to maintain the flow of the SARDI information to the agricultural 

industry. 

This year as with all previous years Seed Distributors remains focussed on providing the 

Ag consulting industry with up to the date, detailed information. 

Well we hope you enjoy this year’s Sowing Guide, and always remember if you are chasing 

any variety of cropping seed to contact your local Seed Distributors Area Sales Manager 

for information and advice. 

Sean Coffey 

& the Seed Distributors Team 

SARDI’s New Variety Agronomy Group is again pleased to 

be collaborating with Seed Distributors in the preparation 

and dissemination of advice to agribusiness and consultants 

in relation to sowing options for 2012 . With more new 

crop varieties becoming available for 2012, the information 

contained in this publication will be invaluable in guiding choice 

and management of varieties. 

The performance data presented here is largely based on 

New Variety Trial (NVT) and SARDI field trial data, and is synthesised 

into practical, concise and easy to read information without bias and 

funded by the GRDC and SA Grain Industry Trust. Growers and agribusiness consultants 

should note that some new varieties mentioned in this guide have had very limited 

evaluation within SA NVT across seasons, and, coupled with the recent varying seasonal 

conditions experienced in SA, further evaluation and data would better assist choice. 

Consequently other forthcoming varietal performance publications such as the upcoming 

harvest report, compiled by SARDI staff, and the NVT website, www.nvtonline.com.au 

will also prove useful to complete the picture on new varieties. We trust you will find this 

sowing guide most useful and welcome feedback to improve its content and presentation 

for future editions, 

Cheers 

Rob Wheeler 

South Australian Research and Development Institute

Plant Breeder’s Rights A information 

and variety update for 2012 

By Rob Wheeler 

and Peter McCormack, SARDI 

Key Points 

��Most new varieties are protected by 

PBR and growers need to be aware of 

the implications. 

��Seed of varieties with PBR protection 

can only be bought from the owner, 

commercial partner/licensee or an 

agent (seed merchant) authorised by 

the owner. 

��Once purchased, growers can 

maintain seed of a variety with 

PBR protection to satisfy their seed 

requirements for the following season. 

��Farmers can sell the 

products of a protected 

variety for commercial use 

as feed or food (e.g. deliver 

to Viterra, AWB, flourmill or 

sell as animal feed) unless 

bound by a ‘closed loop’ 

contract. 

��Farmers cannot sell, trade or 

give away the variety for seed 

without authorization of the 

owner. 

��Farmer to farmer trading of seed 

without authorisation of the owner will 

make them liable to prosecution. 

��Commercial marketing arrangements 

between the owners and the 

licensee can vary between crops and 

varieties, and farmers must be aware 

of the conditions of the marketing 

arrangements. 

��Before you take delivery of certified 

seed of a new variety, you are 

encouraged to request a copy of 

the paddock inspection report and 

the certificate of analysis report. 

It is important that you read the 

information contained in the 

Rob Wheeler 

inspection report and the seed analysis 

certificate to make sure you are buying 

the best available seed. 

��When purchasing seed of a PBR 

Cultivar you should purchase it in the 

name or names of the entity or entities 

in which you intend to deliver. You 

should retain invoices to prove that 

you have entitlement to that seed and 

the crop produced. 

��If farmers are unsure, they should 

seek information from the owner, 

commercial partner/licensee or the 

selling agent (seed merchant). 

This leaflet explains some of the origins, 

benefits and restrictions associated with 

PBR. 

Plant Breeder’s Rights 

PBR was introduced to 

stimulate private investment in 

plant breeding by conferring 

ownership rights to varieties 

and thereby the potential to 

market those rights as part of a 

commercialisation process. 

The Plant Breeder’s Rights 

Act 1994 as amended act 

no:148 2002 gives an owner of PBR 

the exclusive right to sell, produce or 

reproduce, import, export, stock or 

condition the seed of a variety protected 

by PBR (or license another person 

or organisation to undertake these 

activities). 

The rights are similar to patents or 

copyright, (these record ownership of the 

genetic material) and are administered 

under the Act. PBR protection can last up 

to 20 years for broadacre crops. 

PBR guarantee ownership of a variety 

but do not specify how the variety should 

be commercialised or whether or where 

royalties should be charged. 

In the absence of a contract stating 

otherwise, farmers can sell the harvest 

of a protected variety for direct 

consumption as food or feed (for 

example, deliver it for animal feed or to 

a flour mill) but they are not permitted to 

sell, trade or give away the variety for seed 

without the authorisation of the owners 

or licensee. 

Royalties 

��The concept generally referred to as 

‘end point royalty’ collection gives the 

licensee the right to collect royalties 

on harvested grain. 

��Increasingly more varieties being 

grown by farmers use the ‘end point 

royalty’ method of royalty collection. 

��Farmers should carefully read 

any documentation provided to 

be fully aware of the conditions 

when purchasing seed of a variety. 

While the restrictions in the use 

of seed under the PBR Act are 

clearly defined, other contractual 

arrangements may have been imposed 

by the licensee following agreement 

by the owners. For example, some 

contracts specify that the harvested 

grain must be delivered to certain 

collection agencies; these are 

commonly called ‘closed loop’ 

marketing arrangements or that EPR’s 

are on total grain production of the 

variety excluding seed saved for the 

following years production, ‘farmer 

saved seed’. 

��In some instances growers are 

permitted to trade “farmer to farmer” 

subject to a three party agreement 

involving the farmers and the licensee. 

This currently applies to Axe, Correll, 

Espada, Estoc, Gladius, Mace and 

Scout wheats. 

5

6 

BARLEY 

Variety State of origin Year of Commercial partner/ Royalty Type Maximum quality Comments 

registration licensee 

($/tonne ex.GST) in SA 

Baudin DAFWA 2002 SeedNet EPR $3.50 Malting Tested as wabar2080 

Buloke AVS 2005 SeedNet EPR $2.00 Malting Tested as VB0105 

Commander UofA 2008 Viterra EPR $3.80 Malting Tested as WI3416 

Dhow UofA 2002 Viterra/Seedmark EPR $1.70 Malting Tested as WI3102 

Flagship UofA 2005 Viterra/Seedmark EPR $1.80 Malting Tested as WI3408 

Fleet UofA 2006 Viterra EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as WI3804 

Henley Nickersons 2010 Seedmark Pending classif. 

Hindmarsh AVS 2006 SeedNet EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as VB0324 

Lockyer DAFWA 2007 COGGO Seeds EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as WABAR2288 

Oxford Nickersons 2009 Seedmark EPR $2.50 Feed 

Roe DAFWA 2007 COGGO Seeds EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as WABAR2310 

Scope AVS 2009 SeedNet EPR $2.70 Feed Tested as VB0805 

Sloop SA UofA 2002 Viterra/Seedmark EPR $1.70 Malting Tested as WI3167 

Sloop Vic AVS 2002 Viterra/Seedmark EPR $1.70 Malting Tested as VB9953 

Torrens UofA 2001 Viterra No royalty Feed Tested as WI3107 

Capstan UofA 2002 Viterra EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as WI3385 

Maritime UofA 2002 Viterra EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as WI3297 

Vlamingh WA 2005 Viterra EPR $3.00 Malting Tested as WABAR2175 

Westminster Nickersons 2010 Grainsearrch EPR $3.00 Pending classif. 

Yarra AVS 2004 Viterra EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as VB0021 

Most of the varieties listed above are PBR varieties and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the 

authorisation of the owners or licensee. 

Some malting quality varieties attract a lower EPR when grain is sold as feed quality. These included Baudin (EPR $1.50 - feed), Flagship (EPR $1.50 – feed), Scope ( EPR 

$3.50 if upgraded to malting), Vlamingh (EPR $1.50 – feed) 

A number of new varieties released in 2011 have not been listed pending, details and appointment of licensee, EPR and classification. These include, Bass, Fathom, Navigator, 

Skipper, Wimmera. 

TRITICALE 

Variety State of origin Year of registration Commercial partner/licensee Royalty (ex. GST) Comments 

Berkshire NSW 2009 Waratah Seeds Co. EPR $2.50 

Bogong UNE/NSW 2009 Viterra EPR $2.20 

Canobolas UNE/NSW 2008 Viterra EPR $2.20 

Chopper SA 2010 AGT EPR $3.00 Tested as TSA0219 

Endeavour NSW 2008 Waratah Seeds Co. Area based Royalty $9/ha Tested as AT528 

Hawkeye SA 2007 AGT EPR $2.50 

Jaywick SA 2007 AGT EPR $2.50 

Kosciuszko NSW / UofA 2003 Wilson Bros. Seed 

Tobruk NSW 2008 Waratah Seeds Co. Area based Royalty $9/ha Tested as AT574 

Tuckerbox SA 2009 Seed Distributors Seed 

Speedee SA 2003 Seed Distributors No PBR or royalty 

Yowie SA 2010 Cooper/Elleway Seed 

Some of the varieties listed above are PBR varieties and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the 

authorisation of the owners or licensee. Credit, Rufus, Speedee, Tickit, Tahara, Treat and Yukuri are no longer covered by PBR and can be traded ‘over the fence’. 

FIELD PEAS 

Variety State of origin Year of registration Commercial partner/ licensee Royalty (ex. GST) Comments 

Bundi Vic 2005 Premier Seeds No EPR No PBR –white seed 

Kaspa Vic 2001 SeedNet EPR $2.00 

Maki PBA 2008 AGT EPR $4.00 Blue field pea 

Morgan VIC/NSW 1998 Hart Bros Seed ‘Forage’ use also 

Parafield SA 1999 PlantTech Pty Ltd Seed No PBR 

PBA Gunyah PBA 2010 SeedNet EPR $2.50 ‘Kaspa’ seed type 

PBA Percy PBA 2011 SeedNet EPR $2.50 Non ‘Kaspa’ seed type 

PBA Oura PBA 2011 SeedNet EPR $2.50 Non ‘Kaspa’ seed type 

PBA Twilight PBA 2010 SeedNet EPR $2.50 ‘Kaspa’ seed type 

Sturt Vic 2003 Premier Seeds Seed White seed 

SW Celine introduction 2006 Nuseed. EPR $3.00 White seed 

Yarrum NSW 2004 AGT EPR $4.00 Non ‘Kaspa’ seed type 

All the varieties listed above are PBR varieties, except Parafield, and Bundi and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over 

the fence’ without the authorisation of the owners or licensee. # contact DPI Victoria for seed.

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Stayer ® 

. 

Jockey Stayer goes the distance. 

Give your cereal crop the best start possible and use 

Jockey Stayer, the seed treatment that: 

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in wheat and barley. 

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wheat and blackleg in canola. 

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on the seed, on foliage and on plant roots. 

�� 

equipment because of user-friendly formulation. 

www.bayercropscience.com.au 

Bayer CropScience Pty Ltd, 391-393 Tooronga Road, Hawthorn East, Vic 3123. 

ABN 87 000 226 022 Technical Enquiries 1800 804 479 

Ph 03 9248 6888 Fax 03 9248 6800 

Jockey ® Stayer ® is a registered trademark of Bayer. 

*Always use Jockey Stayer according to the most recent registered label. 

Jockey Stayer 

7

8 

WHEAT 

Variety Owner Year of 

registration 

Commercial partner/ 

licensee 

Royalty Type 

($/tonne ex.GST) 

Maximum quality 

in SA 

Comments 

AGT Katana AGT 2009 AGT EPR $3.00 AH Tested as RAC1423 

AGT Scythe AGT 2004 AGT EPR $1.50 APW Tested as RAC1055 

Axe AGT 2007 AGT # EPR $2.50 AH Tested as RAC1192 

Barham AVS 2007 Viterra EPR $2.00 Soft Tested as VO2697R 

Bolac AVS 2006 Viterra EPR $2.10 AH Tested as VQ2621 

Caparoi NSW DPI 2008 SeedNet EPR $2.60 Durum Tested as TD60F 

Chara AVS 1999 SeedNet EPR $1.00 AH Tested as VI341 

Clearfield JNZ Intergrain Free to trade EPR $1.12 AH 

Correll AGT 2006 AGT # EPR $2.00 AH Tested as WI23322 

Derrimut Nugrain/AGT 2006 Seedcell. EPR $2.95 AH Tested as NGSP005 

EGA Wentworth EGA 2004 Pacific Seeds EPR $2.10 APW Tested as QT10580 

Espada AGT 2008 AGT # EPR $2.50 APW Tested as RAC1263 

Estoc AGT 2010 AGT# EPR $3.00 APW Tested as RAC1412 

GBA Ruby GBA 2003 Seedmark EPR $3.00 ASW Tested as GB 99-099 

Gladius AGT 2006 AGT # EPR $2.50 AH Tested as RAC1262 

Hyperno AGT 2009 AGT/DGA EPR $3.00 Durum Tested as WID22209 

Justica CL Plus AGT 2011 AGT EPR $3.55 APW Tested as RAC1683 

Kalka Uni of Adelaide 2003 Durum Growers Assoc EPR $1.50 Durum 

Kord CL Plus AGT 2011 AGT EPR $3.55 APW Tested as RAC 1669R 

Kukri Uni of Adelaide 1999 SeedNet EPR $1.00 AH Tested as RAC820 

Longreach Catalina Longreach PB 2006 SeedNet EPR $2.50 AH Tested as LRPB0268 

Longreach Guardian Longreach PB 2006 SeedNet EPR $2.50 APW Tested as LRPB0617 

Longreach Impala Longreach PB 2011 Pacific Seeds EPR $3.50 ASFT Tested as C51021 

Longreach Lincoln Longreach PB 2006 Pacific Seeds EPR $2.50 AH Tested as LRPB0545 

Longreach Scout Longreach PB 2007 Pacific Seeds# EPR $2.80 APW Tested as LPB05-1164 

Mace AGT 2007 AGT EPR $3.00 AH Tested as RAC 1372 

Magenta Intergrain 2007 Nuseed EPR $3.00 ASW Tested as WAWHT2726 

Peake Nugrain 2007 Seedcell EPR $2.95 AH Tested as NGSP006 

Preston HRZ Wheats 2009 SeedNet EPR $2.20 unclassified LMA risk 

Pugsley AGT 2002 PlantTech/Viterra/AGT EPR $1.50 APW Tested as WI 99069 

Saintly AGT 2009 AGT/DGA EPR $3.00 Durum Tested as WID22279 

Tamaroi NSW Ag 1997 Durum Growers Assoc Seed Durum ‘Over the fence’ trading permitted 

Tjilkuri Uni of Adelaide 2010 Durum Growers Assoc Seed Durum Tested as WID801 

Mackellar CSIRO 2001 SeedNet Seed AWW/FEED 

Wyalkatchem Intergrain 2001 Seedmark EPR $2.00 APW Tested as WAWHT2212 

Yitpi Uni of Adelaide 1999 SeedNet EPR $1.00 AH Tested as WI96080 

All the varieties (with the exception of Tamaroi) listed above are PBR varieties and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded 

over the fence’ without the authorisation of the owners or licensee. 

Growers purchasing seed of any of these varieties should seek information from the agent (seed merchant), or licensee regarding the type of royalty payment to be made. 

# Farmer to Farmer trading of Axe, Espada, Estoc, Gladius, Correll, Mace and Scout is allowed subject to an agreement with the licensee where the original seed was purchased 

through a recognized retailer. 

LUPINS 

Variety State of origin Year of registration Commercial partner/ 

licensee 

Royalty (ex. GST) Comments 

Coromup WA 2006 Viterra Not currently released in 

eastern Australia 

Tested as WALAN2173M 

Jenabillup WA 2007 Viterra EPR $2.40 Tested as WALAN2224 

Jindalee NSW 2000 SeedNet EPR $1.25 Tested as WL318 

Mandelup WA 2005 Viterra EPR $2.30 

Moonah Vic 1998 SeedNet Seed 

PBA Gunyidi WA 2011 SeedNet TBA Tested as WALAN2289 

Quilinock WA 1999 Seedmark EPR $0.70 

Wonga NSW 1995 Seedmark Seed 

All the varieties listed above are PBR varieties and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the 

authorisation of the owners or licensee.

CANOLA 

Variety Year of registration Commercial partner/licensee Royalty 

CB TM Argyle 2008 Canola Breeders EPR $5.00 

CB TM Tanami 2007 Canola Breeders EPR $5.00 

CB TM Telfer 2010 Canola Breeders EPR $5.00 

CB TM Scadden 2010 Canola Breeders EPR $5.00 

CB Jardee HT 2010 Canola Breeders Seed (hybrid) 

CB Mallee HT 2010 Canola Breeders Seed (hybrid) 

CB Tumby HT 2010 Canola Breeders Seed (hybrid) 

CB Agamax 2011 Canola Breeders Seed (hybrid) 

CB Taurus 2011 Canola Breeders Seed (hybrid) 

CB Junee HT 2011 Canola Breeders Seed (hybrid) 

Victory V3001 2009 Cargill Seed (hybrid)(closed loop with premium) 

Victory V3002 2012 Cargill Seed (hybrid) )(closed loop with premium) 

Victory V3003 2012 Cargill Seed (hybrid) )(closed loop with premium) 

ATR Cobbler 2008 Nuseed Seed 

ATR Snapper 2011 Nuseed Seed 

ATR Stingray 2011 Nuseed Seed 

ATR Gem 2012 Nuseed Seed 

ATR Marlin 2008 Nuseed Seed 

AV Garnet 2007 Nuseed Seed 

Monola 76TT 2008 Nuseed Crop Network Seed 

Monola 77TT 2008 Nuseed Crop Network Seed 

Monola 506TT 2012 Nuseed Crop Network Seed (closed loop with premium) 

Monola 605TT 2012 Nuseed Crop Network Seed)(closed loop with premium) 

Monola 707TT 2012 Nuseed Crop Network Seed)(closed loop with premium) 

Hyola 433 2010 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid) 

Hyola 751TT 2010 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid) 

Hyola 50 2007 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid) 

CrusherTT 2011 Pacific Seeds Seed 

Thumper TT 2011 Pacific Seeds Seed 

Fighter TT 2011 Pacific Seeds Seed 

Jackpot TT 2012 Pacific Seeds Seed 

Bonanza TT 2012 Pacific Seeds Seed 

Hurricane TT 2007 Pacific Seeds Seed 

Hyola 444 TT 2011 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid) 

Hyola 555 TT 2011 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid) 

Hyola 575CL 2011 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid) 

Hyola 474CL 2012 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid) 

45Y82 2010 Pioneer Hi-Bred Australia Seed (hybrid) 

44C79 2008 Pioneer Hi-Bred Australia Seed 

43C80 2009 Pioneer Hi-Bred Australia Seed 


43Y85 2012 Pioneer Hi-Bred Australia Seed (hybrid) 


Oasis CL (Juncea) 2007 Viterra EPR $5.00 

All the varieties listed above are PBR varieties and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the 

authorisation of the owners or licensee.This is NOT a complete list of PBR’s Canola varieties but a selection of recently released varieties. Space prevents us from listing all 

varieties.If growers intend sowing seed of varieties other than those listed above they will need to check the PBR status of those varieties 

OATS 

Variety State of origin Year of registration Commercial partner/licensee Royalty (ex. GST) Quality 

Brusher SA 2002 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $1.00* Hay 

Forester SA 2011 AEXCO Pty Ltd Seed Hay 

Kangaroo SA 2003 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $1.00* Hay 

Mitika SA 2004 PlantTech Pty Ltd EPR $2.00 Milling/Feed 

Mulgara SA 2009 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $1.00* Hay 

Possum SA 2002 SeedNet EPR $1.70 Milling/Feed 

Tammar SA 2010 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $1.00 Hay 

Tungoo SA 2008 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $1.00* Hay 

Wintaroo SA 2001 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $1.00* Hay 

Wombat SA 2011 Viterra EPR $2.00 Milling/Feed 

Yallara SA 2008 Viterra EPR $2.00 Milling/Feed 

All the varieties listed above are covered by PBR and therefore the seed cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the authorisation of 

the owners or licensee. 

*Notes on hay varieties 

Growers wanting to purchase seed of Mulgara, Tammar, Tungoo, Wintaroo, Brusher and Kangaroo need to contact one of the AEXCO Export Hay Processors or SAFCA seed 

growers. Growers will be asked to declare ‘end use’ (ie export hay or on farm feed) at the point of sale so as to determine the royalty type. 

Hay sold through an AEXCO export hay processor will incur an ‘end point’ royalty while hay for ‘domestic sale’ or ‘on farm use’ will incur a seed royalty. 

9

10 

BEANS 

Variety State of origin Year of registration Commercial partner/ 

licensee 

Royalty Maximum quality Comments 

Cairo NSW 2003 Viterra EPR $3.00 

Doza NSW 2007 Viterra EPR $3.30 

Farah SA 2003 Seedmark EPR $3.00 Fie grade 1 Tested as 483/3 

Fiesta VF SA 1998 Seedmark No PBR or royalty Fie grade 1 

Nura SA 2005 SeedNet EPR $3.00 Fie grade 1 

PBA Kareema SA 2009 PGG Wrightson EPR $4.00 Broad bean 

PBA Rana SA 2011 Viterra TBA 

All the varieties listed above are PBR varieties or have ‘commercial marketing arrangements’ and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor 

can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the authorisation of the owners or licensee. 

CHICKPEAS 

Variety State of origin Year of registration Commercial 

partner/licensee 

Royalty 

(ex GST) 

Maximum 

quality 

Comments 

Almaz CLIMA 2005 SeedNet EPR $6.50 Kabuli type Med-large size 

Genesis508 Vic 2004 AACT EPR $5.00 Desi type ‘splitting’ enduse 

Gensis509 Vic 2005 AACT EPR $5.00 Desi type ‘splitting’ enduse 

Genesis079 Vic 2007 AACT - Kabuli type Small size 6-7mm 

Genesis090 Vic 2004 AACT EPR $5.00 Kabuli type Small size 7-8mm 

Genesis114 Vic 2007 AACT - Kabuli type Med-large size 

Genesis115 Vic 2011 AACT TBA Kabuli type Large size 

Genesis425 Vic 2007 AACT EPR $5.00 Kabuli type Small size 7-8mm 

Nafice CLIMA 2005 SeedNet EPR $6.50 Kabuli type Med-large size 

PBA Boundary PBA 2011 SeedNet EPR $4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumption 

PBA HatTrick PBA 2009 SeedNet EPR $4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumption 

PBA Pistol PBA 2011 SeedNet EPR $4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumption 

PBA Slasher PBA 2009 SeedNet EPR $4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumption 



LENTILS 

Variety State of origin Year of registration Commercial 

partner/licensee 

Royalty 

(ex. GST) 

Market restrictions 

Aldinga SA 1994 AFCA None None 

Boomer CIPAL 2005 SeedNet EPR $5.00 Delivery to nominated receivers 

Nipper CIPAL 2005 SeedNet EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised traders 

Northfield SA 1996 AFCA No royalty Open marketing to authorised traders 

Nugget CIPAL 1999 Seedmark EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised traders 

PBA Bounty PBA 2009 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised traders 

PBA Flash PBA 2009 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised traders 

PBA Herald XT PBA 2011 PB Seeds Pty Ltd TBA Open marketing to authorised traders 

PBA Jumbo PBA 2010 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised traders 

PBA Blitz PBA 2010 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised traders 

Tiara CIPAL 2006 SeedNet EPR $8.00 Under contract, AWB Seeds 

All the varieties listed above, except Aldinga, Northfield and Digger, are PBR varieties or have ‘commercial marketing arrangements’ and therefore seed of these varieties 

cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the authorisation of the owners or licensee. 

VETCH 

Variety State of origin Year of registration Commercial partner/licensee Royalty Comments 

Capello SA 1999 Seedmark Seed Namoi alternative 

Haymaker Plus SA 1999 Seedmark Seed High level hard seed 

Morava SA 1999 Seedmark Seed Forage use 

Rasina SA 2006 Seedmark Seed Tested as SA34719 



Explanation of abbreviations 

ABB = Australian Barley Board, AEXCO = Australian Exporters Company, AFCA = Australian Field Crop Association, AVS= AgVic Services, AWB = Australian Wheat Board, 

SAGIT = South Australian Grains Industry Trust, AGT = Australian Grain Technologies, AAC = Australian Agricultural Commodities, CBWA = Western Australian Canola Breeders, 

COGGO = Council of Grain Grower Organisations, DAFWA= Dept Agriculture and Food Western Australia, DGA = Durum Growers Association, EGA = Enterprise Grains Australia, 

GBA = Grain Biotech Australia, PBA = Pulse Breeding Australia, UofA = University of Adelaide

Wheat variety sowing guide 2012 

By Rob Wheeler, Senior Scientist, 

New Variety Agronomy Group, SARDI 

This sowing guide provides data 

and guidance on bread wheat and 

durum wheat varieties for sowing 

in South Australia in 2012. 

Since publication of the 2011 sowing 

guide, three varieties, Estoc, Kord CL 

Plus and Justica CL Plus have been 

commercialised for specific application 

in SA. 

In previous years these may not have 

been listed, pending evaluation over 

many seasons, but since these have 

disease resistances, 

yield and quality 

combinations, 

important for the 

sustainability of SA 

wheat production, 

it has been decided 

they should be listed 

with comments 

to assist decision 

making. 

As with all new 

Rob Wheeler 

varieties, extensive state-wide evaluation 

within SARDI and National Variety Trials 

(NVT) over many seasons will provide 

more confidence in their suitability and 

any specific adaptational requirements. 

Further yield evaluation is needed for 

Kord CL Plus and Justica CLPlus, as each 

have currently only been evaluated for 

one year (2010) within National Variety 

Trials (NVT) 

Meanwhile further data from NVT 

has been gathered to support the new 

varieties AGT Katana, Mace and Scout 

as suitable to be grown in SA, and hence 

yield and other data for these is now 

included within these sowing guides. 

Annuello, Young, AGT Scythe, Yenda 

and GBA Ruby have been removed 

from the 2012 sowing guide owing to 

their low and waning production, and 

because their agronomic characteristics 

are outclassed when compared with more 

recently released varieties. 

Varieties have been listed according 

Variety and current 

max. grade 

HARD 

Suitability and significant features 

AGT Katana Low to medium rainfall districts with potential premium returns under contract to Grain 

Pool 

Axe Low to medium rainfall districts, particularly areas with sharp dry finish, potential pre 

harvest sprouting risk 

Bolac High rainfall districts especially south east region and Kangaroo Island 

Catalina Medium to high rainfall districts 

Chara Medium to high rainfall districts especially south east region but below minimum 

standards for stripe rust resistance 

Correll All districts, avoid low test weight situations and wheat stubbles due to yellow leaf spot 

susceptibility 

Derrimut Medium to high rainfall districts but below minimum standards for stripe rust resistance 

Gladius All districts but avoid areas with potential pre harvest sprouting risk 

Clearfield JNZ Medium to high rainfall districts, imidazolinone tolerant but below minimum standards 

for stripe rust resistance 

Lincoln All districts but marginal grain size and potential pre harvest sprouting risk 

Mace All districts but well below minimum standards for stripe rust resistance, wheat on 

wheat option 

Peake Medium to high rainfall districts and marginal grain size 

Yitpi 

APW 

All districts, avoid wheat stubbles due to yellow leaf spot susceptibility and note well 

below minimum standards for stem rust resistance 

Espada All districts but avoid areas with a potential pre harvest sprouting risk 

Estoc All districts but note Pratylenchus neglectus susceptibility 

Frame All districts, but avoid sowing into wheat stubbles due to yellow leaf spot susceptibility 

Guardian Medium to high rainfall districts but below minimum standards for stripe rust resistance 

and marginal grain size 

Kord CL Plus All districts, imidazolinone tolerant but avoid areas with potential pre harvest sprouting risk 

Justica CL Plus All districts, imidazolinone tolerant but below minimum standards for leaf rust resistance 

Pugsley Medium to high rainfall districts but below minimum standards for stripe rust resistance 

Scout All districts, avoid wheat stubbles due to yellow leaf spot susceptibility and note below 

minimum standards for stripe rust resistance 

Wyalkatchem 

SOFT 

All districts but below minimum standards for stripe rust resistance and now also more 

susceptible to leaf rust 

Anlace Soft wheat producing districts, noting that seed must be treated for bunt control 

Barham Soft wheat producing districts and Bowie replacement but below minimum standards for 

stripe rust resistance 

Bowie 

DURUM 

Soft wheat producing districts but below minimum standards for stripe rust resistance 

Caparoi All durum districts 

Kalka All durum districts including boron toxic soils 

Hyperno All durum districts 

Saintly All durum districts and potential for hay production 

Tamaroi All durum districts although generally outclassed 

Tjilkuri All durum districts 

11

12 

to maximum market receival quality 

classification and are listed in 

alphabetical order and not in order of 

preference or recommendation. 

Where varieties do not meet minimum 

disease resistance standards for rust, 

as set by industry, they are listed with a 

cautioning note. 

Selection criteria 

Information on the most important 

selection criteria, grain yield, quality, 

Table 1: Some agronomic characteristics of selected varieties under SA conditions. 

Variety Max. 

Quality 

Flower- 

ing 

Coleoptile 

length 

maturity and disease resistance for each 

variety can be found in tables 1 and 2. 

While the varieties listed above 

are considered likely to provide the 

best return within each quality grade, 

farmers need to consider their individual 

farm and paddock situation and make 

their selection based on all available 

information. 

Where possible, the growing of a single 

variety only should be avoided. 

Climatic, disease and price risks should 

Boron 

tol. 

CCN 

resis. 

Sprouting 

tolerance 

Other features 

be spread by growing at least two or more 

varieties with varying maturity, disease 

resistance and/or quality classification. 

Average protein content for current 

wheat varieties is very similar and rarely 

varies by more than one percent when 

grown under identical conditions. 

Perceived differences in protein 

achieving capability between varieties 

should be given only minor emphasis 

and protein should be managed through 

good crop nutrition. 

AGT Katana AH EM - MI S I* Strong dough properties like Kukri 

Axe AH E MS MI S I / VI Good early vigour 

Barham ASFT EM M MI MS I* Bowie plant type 

Bolac AH L - - - I* Acid soil tolerance 

Catalina AH EM - - R MI / I* “Yitpi like” grain size 

Chara AH ML MS I R I* Premium quality, acid soil tolerance 

Clearfield JNZ AH M S I* Imidolazine tolerant 

Correll AH M ML MT MR I / VI* Potential for low test weight 

Derrimut AH EM - MT R MI* Short stiff straw 

Espada APW M - MT MS I / VI Susceptibility to sprouting 

Estoc APW ML - MT MR MI Good test weight, susc to P.neglectus 

Frame APW ML ML MT MR MI Large grain, good early vigour 

Gladius AH EM M MT MS I / VI Susceptibility to sprouting, low tolerance of Hussar® 

Guardian APW EM - MT R I* ‘Janz like’ grain size and susceptibility to sprouting 

Kord CL Plus APW EM - MT MR I 2 gene Imidolazine tolerant 

Krichauff ASW EM M MT S I / VI* Good P.neglectus resistance but now outclassed 

Kukri AH EM M I S - Premium quality, some crown rot resistance 

Justica CL Plus APW M - MT MS MI 2 gene Imidolazine tolerant, below minimum standards for leaf rust 

Lincoln AH EM - MI S I / VI* ‘Janz like’ grain size, very susceptible to crown rot 

Mace AH EM MS T MR/MS MI / I Well below minimum disease standards for Yr 

Magenta ASW M L MT MS/S MI* Below minimum disease standards for Yr 

Peake AH EM - - R MI* ‘Janz like’ grain size 

Pugsley APW ML ML MT MS MI / I* 

Scout APW EM ML T R/MR MI Below minimum disease standards for Yr 

Wyalkatchem APW EM MS MI S I Short stiff straw, below minimum disease standards for Yr. 

Yitpi 

Durums 

AH ML M MT MR MI / I Widely adapted, suseceptible to stem rust 

Caparoi APDR M MS MI / I* plump and high protein achiever 

Hyperno APDR M MS I* Some high temperature tolerance 

Kalka APDR EM M MT MS MI / I* Derived from Yallaroi, improved boron tolerance 

Saintly APDR E MS MI / I* Awnless head 

Tamaroi APDR M I MS MI / I* Popular and widely adapted 

Tjilkuri APDR M MS I* 

* indicative rating more data needed 

Flowering: VE= very early; E= early; EM= early to mid season; M= midseason; ML= mid to late season; L=late 

Coleoptile: L = long; S = short; M = moderate 

Boron tolerance: I = intolerant; MI = moderately intolerant; MT = moderately tolerant; T = tolerant 

- variety yet to be fully evaluated. * provisional rating based on limited data 

CCN tolerance indicates the ability of the variety to grow and yield in the presence of CCN. Resistance refers to the ability of the variety to reduce CCN carryover. 

Information on sprouting tolerance was provided by Prof Daryl Mares, University of Adelaide

14 

Notes on newer varieties 

AGT Katana A 

Katana (RAC1423) is an early flowering, 

premium quality variety released for 

specific export markets. 

Derived from Kukri , Katana has good 

physical grain quality, similar to Yitpi, 

and yields similar to Yitpi on average, but 

greater on Upper Eyre Peninsula. 

Katana has modest rust resistance and 

is susceptible to CCN and rated MS to 

yellow leaf spot. 

CBH Grain may contract Katana for 

export with possible premiums above 

AH1 passed to growers. Seed is available 

through AGT (Seed Sharing between 

farmers is allowed*). 

Axe A 

Axe (RAC1192) is a vigorous growing, 

very early flowering, AH quality variety 

released by AGT in Aug 2007. 

With large grain and low screenings 

losses, it has shown high yield potential 

in SA under very dry and sharp finishing 

conditions albeit with more moderate 

yields under favourable spring conditions 

and is susceptible to sprouting. 

Axe is rated as MS to stem rust and MR 

to stripe and leaf rust. Axe is susceptible 

to yellow leaf spot, S-VS to septoria tritici 

blotch and susceptible to CCN. 

Seed is available through AGT (Seed 

Sharing between farmers is allowed with 

conditions). 

Bolac A 

Bolac (VQ2621) is a long season, 

milling wheat, eligible for AH and 

released by AGT. 

It is suitable for mildly acidic to alkaline 

soils and could be an alternative to feed 

wheats and later varieties such as Chara, 

in the SE of South Australia. 

Bolac has good rust resistance, and is 

later flowering than Chara, but earlier 

than Kellalac. Seed is available through 

Viterra. 

Correll A 

Correll (WI23322), has an AH 

classification, is derived from Yitpi, and 

was released by AGT in 2006. 

Correll has similar disease resistance to 

Yitpi but improved stem rust resistance. 

Correll is generally higher in grain yield 

than Yitpi, but averages around 3 kg/ 

hl lower test weight and is susceptible to 

sprouting. 

Correll is 2 to 5 days earlier flowering 

than Yitpi, and considerably more when 

very early sown. 



conditions) 

Derrimut A 

Derrimut (NGSP005) has an AH 

classification and was released in 2006 

after development by Nugrain and 

Sunprime. 

Within SARDI and NVT trials since 

2004, Derrimut has shown a yield 

potential similar to Yitpi, particularly 

in higher rainfall districts. It has CCN 

resistance and good levels of resistance to 

stem and leaf rust but MS/S to stripe rust 

and S to yellow leaf spot. 

It has moderate grain size, is midseason 

flowering and has short plant height. 

Derrimut is available through Seedcell. 

Espada A 

Espada (RAC1263) was released in 

early 2008 by AGT and is a sister line to 

Gladius with high yield potential. 

It is agronomically similar to Gladius 

and moderately susceptible to CCN, but 

features improved leaf rust resistance. 

Espada has APW quality and is 

susceptible to sprouting like Gladius. 



conditions). 

Estoc A 

Estoc (RAC1412) was released in late 

2010 by AGT and is related to Yitpi. 

It is a mid to late maturing variety like 

Yitpi, moderately resistant to CCN but 

very susceptible to P.neglectus, with good 

levels of resistance to all rusts (MR/MS 

to Yr), slightly better yellow leaf spot (S) 

resistance and significantly higher grain 

yields. 

Estoc is eligible for APW classification, 

has good physical grain quality like Yitpi 

and has shown good sprouting and black 

point tolerance. 


Sharing is allowed between farmers with 

conditions). 

Gladius A 

Gladius (RAC1262) is has an AH 

classification and was released by AGT. 

It is broadly adapted, very high yielding, 

and is well adapted to low rainfall 

environments. 

It has boron tolerance, and has good 

resistance to stem rust, MR-MS to stripe 

rust and MS to leaf rust, CCN and yellow 

leaf spot. 

Gladius has midseason maturity 

and good grain size like Yitpi albeit 

with slightly lower test weight, and is 

susceptible to pre harvest sprouting. 

Trials indicate Gladius to have a lower 

tolerance to Ally® and Hussar®. 


Sharing is allowed between farmers with 

conditions). 

Justica CL PlusA 

Released in early 2011by AGT, Justica 

CL Plus (RAC1683) carries two genes for 

Clearfield resistance and improved levels 

of tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides 

over Clearfield JNZ and Clearfield STL. 

It is derived from Gladius and Spear 

and is slightly later maturing than Gladius 

and rather more susceptible to leaf rust. 

Justica CL Plus has an APW classification 

and has preharvest sprouting tolerance 

similar to Yitpi. 

Evaluated within NVT for the first time 

in 2010, Justica CL Plus yielded slightly 

above Gladius but further evaluation is 

needed to gauge it’s relative long term 

performance. 

Seed is available through AGT 

Kord CL PlusA 

Released in early 2011 by AGT, Kord 

CL Plus (RAC1669R) carries two genes for 

Clearfield resistance and improved levels 

of tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides 

over Clearfield JNZ and Clearfield STL. 

It is derived from Gladius with similar 

maturity and susceptibility to pre harvest 

sprouting but improved resistance to 

CCN being MR. Kord CL Plus has an APW 

classification. 

Evaluated within NVT for the first time 

in 2010, Kord CL Plus yielded slightly 

below Gladius, but further evaluation is 

needed to gauge its relative long term 

performance. 

Seed is available through AGT 

Longreach Catalina A 

Catalina (LPB0268) was released by 

Longreach Plant Breeders in 2006 and 

has an AH quality classification. 

It is a CCN resistant wheat suited to 

medium to higher rainfall districts across 

SE Australia. 

Catalina is several days earlier flowering 

than Yitpi and has acceptable physical 

grain quality. 

Catalina is moderately resistant to stem 

and leaf rust, moderately susceptible to

stripe rust and is MS-S to yellow leaf spot 

and septoria tritici blotch. 

Widespread SA NVT yield data since 

2006, show yield results slightly below 

Yitpi and it has shown sensitivity to 

Cadence® at recommended label rate 

and timing. Catalina is available through 

SeedNet. 

Longreach Guardian A 

Guardian (LPB0617) was released from 

Longreach Plant Breeders in 2006 as an 

APW quality, CCN resistant wheat. 

It has moderate resistance to stem rust 

but is moderately susceptible to stripe 

and leaf rust and susceptible to yellow 

leaf spot. 

Early vigour and height is similar to 

Janz. 

Widespread SA NVT yield data since 

2006 show yield results generally equal 

to Yitpi and more so in more favourable 

environments. 

Grain size and physical quality is similar 

to Janz. Seed is is available through 


Longreach Lincoln A 

Lincoln (LPB03-0545) was recently 

developed and released from Longreach 

Plant Breeders and is eligible for AH 

grade in SA and is a moderate yielding 

(similar or lower than Yitpi), rust resistant 

variety with mid season maturity. 

It has excellent resistance to all rusts 

including both WA and WA+Yr17 stripe 

rust pathotypes and MS to yellow leaf spot 

but does not have CCN resistance. 

Lincoln is considered more susceptible 

to crown rot than most varieties and 

has grain size similar to Janz with 

susceptibility to pre-harvest sprouting. 

Seed is licensed to Pacific Seeds 

Mace A 

Mace (RAC 1372) was released by AGT 

as a replacement for Wyalkatchem. 

It has an AH classification, improved 

resistance to stem rust and non Yr17 

virulent strains of stripe rust. 

Mace is derived from Wyalkatchem, 

shows taller plant height, is MR/MS 

to stem rust, R to leaf rust and is rated 

MR-MS to CCN and Pratylenchus neglectus. 

Although Mace has good resistance to 

the older WA stripe rust race, it is rated 

as S-VS to the WA+ Yr17 stripe rust 

strain and if grown, must be carefully 

monitored and best avoided in districts 

prone to stripe rust unless a fungicide 

regime is in place. 

Mace has only been widely tested since 

2009 in NVT in SA. Seed is available 

through AGT (Seed Sharing between 

farmers is allowed with conditions). 

Magenta A 

Magenta was released from DAFWA 

in 2007 as a moderate yielding (similar 

to Yitpi), mid season flowering, milling 

wheat with an ASW classification in SA. 

In SA NVT, average yields have been 

similar to Yitpi but while Magenta has 

good resistance to stem, leaf rust and 

yellow leaf spot, it is MS to stripe rust and 

susceptible to CCN. 

Magenta has a long coleoptile and seed 

is licensed to Nuseed. 

Peake A 

Peake (NGSP006) was released in 

2007 by Nugrain and Sunprime. Peake 

is medium-short strawed, mid maturing 

(5-6 days earlier than Yitpi) and shows 

most potential in medium to high rainfall 

zones. 

Peake is MR/MS to stem and stripe rust 

and R to leaf rust. Peake is CCN resistant, 

boron tolerant and is S to yellow leaf spot. 

Peake has AH quality and can produce 

small grain under dry spring conditions. 

Peake is available through Seedcell. 

Scout A 

Scout (LPB05-1164) was developed and 

recently released from Longreach Plant 

Breeders as a high yielding, rust resistant 

variety with mid season maturity, derived 

from Yitpi. 

It has good resistance to stem and leaf 

rust and the WA stripe rust pathotypes 

but carries VPM and is rated MS to the 

WA+Yr17 pathotype in eastern Australia. 

Scout is MR to CCN and rated S-VS 

to yellow leaf spot like Yitpi. Scout has 

good physical grain quality and similar 

sprouting tolerance to Yitpi. 

Seed is licensed to Pacific Seeds 

and farmer to farmer trading is now 

permitted subject to conditions. 

Biscuit wheats 

Barham A 

Barham (VO2697R) is closely related to 

Bowie but has CCN resistance, improved 

rust resistance albeit MS-S to the WA + 

Yr17 strain of stripe rust, improved grain 

yield and quality eligible for the ASFT 

grade in SA. 

Barham is a mid season variety with 

similar maturity and plant type to Bowie 

and produces large grain with low 

screenings losses but low test weights like 

Bowie and is moderately susceptible to 

black point. 

Barham was released by AGT and 

available through Viterra. 

DURUM WHEATS 

Caparoi A 

Caparoi (TD60F) was developed and 

recently released by the Tamworth 

Durum Program and has been widely 

tested in SA, showing slightly earlier 

flowering than Tamaroi, similar yields 

and good semolina colour. 

Caparoi has excellent physical grain 

quality and high grain protein. Seed is 

being commercialised by SeedNet. 

Hyperno A 

Hyperno (WID22209) has a similar 

maturity, adaptation and disease 

resistance profile to Kalka and Tamaroi, 

but generally offers greater yields, 

improved semolina colour and better 

sprouting and black point tolerance. 

Hyperno is eligible for APDR grade in 

SA and has been released from AGT with 

seed available from the Durum Growers 

Association. 

Introducing the new benchmark for high yielding, 

long season milling wheats. 

Forrest 

� APW Classification in VIC & SA (pending NSW) 

� Triple rust resistant plus MR-MS to YLS and MR to Black point 

� First wheat with resistance to Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus 

Seednet varieties are available through 

www.seednet.com.au 

BTB/LM2970 

15

16 

Table 2: Mean yield (% of Yitpi) of varieties from SAFCEP and NVT trials (2004-2010), and reaction to common disorders. (No of trials in italics) 

Saintly A 

Saintly (WID22279) is semi-awnless, 

earlier flowering than Kalka and Tamaroi, 

and has performed very well in dry 

finishing conditions in SA. 

Saintly has stem and stripe rust 

resistance equal to Tamaroi and Kalka 

and slightly lower leaf rust resistance. 

Saintly has been released from AGT 

with seed available from the Durum 

Growers Association. 

Tjilkuri 

Tjilkuri (WID801) has a similar 

maturity, adaptation and disease 

Stem 

Rust 

Stripe 

Rust# 

resistance profile to Tamaroi, but 

generally offers greater yields, like 

Hyperno together with improved 

semolina colour. 

Tjilkuri is eligible for APDR grade in SA 

and is being released from the University 

of Adelaide with seed available from the 

Durum Growers Association for the 2012 

season. 

Domestic Flours Millers Wheat 

Variety Preferences 

Most of South Australia’s wheat is 

exported to the Middle East for flat and 

pan bread production, and to a lesser 

Leaf 

Rust 

Septoria 

tritici 

blotch 

Yellow 

leaf 

spot 

Powdery 

Mildew 

Agricultural district 

Lower Eyre Upper Murray Mid North Yorke South 

Pen Eyre Pen Mallee 

Pen. East 

AGT Katana 103 11 104 22 101 20 101 12 100 12 101 10 MS MR/MS MS MS MS MR/MS MS/S 

Axe 100 20 99 40 100 38 101 24 97 21 99 16 MS R/MR MR S/VS S MS S 

Barham - - - 96 16 - 95 13 MR #MS/S MR/MS MS/S MS/S S MS 

Bolac - - - - - 95 5 MR R/MR MS MS MS/S - MS/S 

Catalina 98 14 96 26 95 26 98 20 95 15 98 11 R/MR MS R/MR MS MS/S MS/S S 

Clearfield JNZ 94 8 85 18 85 15 94 10 93 9 95 8 R/MR MS/S MR/MS MR/MS MS/S MS S 

Correll 101 17 101 33 102 32 100 20 100 18 100 13 MR/MS MR/MS MS/S MR/MS S/VS MR/MS MS/S 

Derrimut 102 17 96 33 97 32 101 20 99 18 101 13 MR #MS/S^ R MS/S S MS MS/S 

Espada 103 14 105 26 102 26 101 16 101 15 102 11 R/MR #MR/MS R S MS MS/S MS/S 

Estoc 101 8 101 16 99 15 101 8 101 9 101 8 MR MR/MS MR/MS S S MS MR/MS 

Frame 95 19 93 40 92 38 95 24 95 21 95 16 MS MS MS/S MR/MS S/VS MS MS 

Gladius 103 17 103 33 106 32 103 20 102 18 101 13 MR^ #MR/MS MS MS/S MS S MS 

Guardian 102 12 101 15 97 17 101 20 99 15 103 11 R/MR MS MS MS/S S MR/MS MS 

Justica CL Plus - - - - - - R/MR MR/MS MS/S S S S - 

Kord CL Plus - - - - - - R/MR MR/MS MS MS/S MS/S MS/S - 

Lincoln 100 11 100 22 97 26 99 16 98 15 100 10 MR R MR S MS - MR 

Mace 105 5 109 11 104 9 105 6 102 6 105 5 MR/ 

MS^ 

#S/VS MR MR/MS MR/MS S MS 

Magenta 101 17 101 33 99 32 99 20 99 18 99 11 R/MR MS MR/MS MR/MS MR/MS MR/MS MS/S 

Peake 101 17 98 33 99 32 101 20 98 18 101 13 MR/ 

MS^ 

MR/MS^ R^ S S MS MS/S 

Pugsley 102 20 101 40 100 38 102 24 103 21 101 16 S #S^ MS MS S MS/S MS 

Scout 108 5 109 11 106 9 106 8 104 9 105 5 MR MS R MS S/VS MR/MS MS/S 

Wyalkatchem 103 20 104 40 99 38 103 24 102 21 102 16 MS S MS MR MR/MS S/VS MS/S 

Yitpi 100 20 100 40 100 38 100 24 100 21 100 16 S MR/MS MS MR/MS S/VS MR/MS MS 

Young 101 20 101 40 99 38 100 24 98 21 99 16 MR MS^ MR-MS MS MS MR 

Yitpi yield t/ha 

Durums 

3.01 20 1.43 40 1.46 38 3.35 24 3.40 21 3.89 16 

Caparoi 98 17 99 15 R/MR MR R R/MR MR - MS/S 

Hyperno 108 17 106 15 R MR R R/MR MS/S - MS 

Kalka 98 21 98 18 R/MR MR R/MR MR/MS MR - S 

Saintly 106 17 101 15 R/MR MR MR/MS MR/MS MR - MS 

Tamaroi 98 21 98 18 R/MR MR R/MR S MR - MS 

Tjilkuri 104 9 106 9 MR/MS MR MR MR/MS MS - MS/S 

Tamaroi yield t/ha 3.00 21 2.96 18 

R = resistant MR = moderately resistant MS = moderately susceptible S = susceptible VS = very susceptible - = variety yet to be fully evaluated # = ratings for 

new WA Yr17 strain. Varieties with # have the Yr17 (VPM) seedling resistance and so will be resistant to the original WA and Jackie strains. ^ = some susceptible plants in mix 

Black Point is not a disease but is a physiological response to certain humid conditions. 

Information on disease reaction was provided by the Field Crop Pathology Unit (SARDI) and compiled before the full data from 2011 was available. Contact Dr Hugh Wallwork 

(08) 8303 9382. 

Black 

point 

extent noodle production. 

The domestic flour millers purchase 

a small proportion of South Australian 

wheat either from marketers or directly 

from growers. 

The domestic flour millers can have 

different quality requirements to export 

markets due to different end products 

and processes employed. 

Table 3 lists the flour millers’ variety 

quality ratings, which provide growers 

with an indication of the most highly 

sought varieties. For further information, 

contact Laucke Flour Mills (03 5431 

5201).

...the next generation 

in seed treatments 

� Superior control of smuts and bunt 

� New systemic fungicide with excellent seed safety 

� Unique micro-emulsion formulation providing; 

- easy applicator clean down 

- exceptional seed fl ow 

- reduced dust off 

� Impeccable seedling emergence and early plant vigour 

� Insecticide for stored grain insect control 

Chemtura Australia Pty Ltd 

ABN 18 005 225 507 

Customer Service 1800 635 743 

www.chemtura.com.au 

® Rancona is a registered trademark of Chemtura Corporation 

17

18 

Table 3: Domestic Flour Millers Assessment - S.A. Wheat Varieties (updated October 2011) 

1 = not sought 2 = some requirement 3 = highly sought VG = very good, G = good, A = acceptable, M = marginal, P = poor, VP = very poor, H = High, PV - MED = Medium 

Variety End Product Category Quality Parameters Comments 

Preferred Grade 

Max Class Grade 

Plant Bakery 

Artisan breads 

Biscuit 

Barham Soft SF1 2 3 2 G A VG VG G MED 

/H&A 

Needs further biscuit test evaluation 

Bowie Soft SF1 3 3 2 A A G A A H&A Acceptable Biscuit quality 

Annuello AH AH 2 1 G A M G A MED&A A M Acceptable AH quality - has low WA and long 

development 

Axe AH AH 1 1 G A VP P VP MED&A G VP Very poor WA with strong inextensible dough, 

excessive bakery mix time 

Bolac AH AH 2 2 G A G G G MED&A G P Has good water absorption and dough 

strength, but long mix time 

Catalina AH AH 1 1 G A/M A A/M VP H&A A P Very strong dough with excessive mix time 

Chara AH AH 1 3 G G P VG P MED&A A VP Optimum value as separate segregation due 

to excess mix requirement 

Clearfield JNZ AH AH 3 2 G A A G G MED&A G G Acceptable Hard wheat quality 

Correll AH AH 3 1 G A A-M G A MED&A G A Acceptable AH quality 

Derrimut AH AH 3 1 G A A/M G A MED&A G A Appears acceptable for Plant bakery 

Gladius AH AH 1 3 G A A/M M P MED&A G VP Inextensible and bucky doughs with 

excessive Bakery mix times. 

AGT Katana AH AH 1 3 Very strong variety. Closed loop release 

system. 

Kukri AH AH 1 3 G G M G P MED/H 

&A 

Cake 

Hot plate goods 

Milling Quality 

Flour Colour 

Water Absorption 

P VP Optimum value as separate segregation due 

to excess mix requirement 

Lincoln AH AH 3 2 A A/G A/G A/M A MED&A G G Suitable Domestic Mill quality 

AGT Mace AH AH 3 1 G G G A A G A M suitable AH quality for Domestic Mills 

Machete AH AH 3 2 M G VG G G MED/H VG G Excellent hard wheat quality - has low 

&A 

milling yield 

Peake AH AH 3 1 G A A G A MED&A G A Good potential for Plant Bakery application - 

slightly long mix time 

Yitpi AH AH 3 2 G A A A A MED/H 

&A 

G A Acceptable Hard wheat quality. 

Young AH AH 2 2 G A A A M MED&A P Marginal AH quality - has strong dough & 

long mix time. Requires rapid test bake 

evaluation 

AGT Scythe APW APW 2 1 G A M P A H&A M A Marginal APW Quality 

EGA Wentworth APW APW 3 1 A A M G M MED&A A A Good APW quality 

Frame APW APW 3 2 G M G M A MED/H VG VG Good APW quality - has short extensibility 

LongReach APW APW 2 1 G A M M P H&A A A/M Low WA, strong dough but may be suitable 

Guardian 

for Plant Bakery 

Longreach Scout APW APW 2 1 G A M A A G A M Suitable as APW for Domestic Mills 

Pugsley APW APW 2 1 G A A P A MED&A M A Marginal APW Quality 

Westonia APW APW 2 1 A A M A A H&A M A Average APW quality - has low WA 

Wyalkatchem APW APW 3 1 G A M G A A G G Good APW quality - but marginal WA 

New varieties - indicative assessments only 

Estoc APW APW 2 1 A A G M A A P P Marginal APW Quality expect some interest 

from Domestic Mills 

Kord CL Plus APW APW 3 1 A A A A A M A M Appears suitable for Domestic Mills 

Justica CL Plus APW APW 1 3 M A A A M M A P Strong dough, suit specialist use only 

Extensibility 

Max Resistance 

Paste Viscosity 

Rapid Dough 

Mixing Time

Barley variety sowing guide 2012 

by Rob Wheeler, Senior Scientist, 

New Variety Agronomy Group, SARDI 

This sowing guide provides data 

and guidance on the most 

suitable barley varieties for 

sowing in South Australia in 2012. Since 

publication of the 2011 sowing guide, 

more than six new varieties have been 

recently registered with potential for SA 

production. 

These include, Bass, Fathom, Henley, 

Skipper, Navigator and Wimmera. Most 

of these are potential malt varieties yet to 

be accredited by industry but some may 

be available for contracted and limited 

production in 2012. 

National Variety Trial (NVT) data 

gathered across seasons, for many of 

these varieties, is limited and due to 

limited seed release for 2012 they have 

not been included on the list below 

but are included within notes on new 

varieties. 

Net form net blotch remains a 

significant disease threat to barley 

production across South Australia and 

growers should refrain from growing 

barley on barley or planting the variety 

Maritime. 

Varieties have been listed below 

according to quality classification grade 

and in alphabetical order and not in 

order of preference. 

The decision to grow either a malting or 

feed variety may depend on one or more 

factors, including; 

�� 

malting and feed grades as related to 

yield differences (Table 1). Furthermore, 

differential pricing of varieties will 

continue and growers need to consider 

market premiums and discounts in 

addition to agronomic performance to 

maximize profitability; 

�� 

grade barley; 

�� 

in bulk storage facilities; 

�� 

considerations (Table 2 and Table 3 

respectively). 

Variety Max. Grade Suitability and significant features 

BaudinA malting Medium to high rainfall areas (>400 mm), avoid areas prone to leaf rust and net 

form net blotch 

BulokeA malting All areas except where leaf rust is a problem. Has low domestic and increasing 

export brewing demand 

CommanderA malting All areas, moderate domestic brewing and increasing export demand 

FlagshipA malting All areas, with timely harvest a priority. High export but low domestic brewing 

demand 

GairdnerA malting Medium to high rainfall areas (>400 mm) 

Schooner malting All areas, and suitable for Shochu market, moderate industry demand 

Sloop SAA malting All areas where CCN resistance is required, with timely harvest or windrowing a 

priority. Avoid areas prone to spot form net blotch.Low industry demand 

HindmarshA food All areas. Avoid deep sowing 

BarqueA feed All areas, except where high risk of leaf scald or net form net blotch 

CapstanA feed Medium to high rainfall areas where very high yields are targeted and test weight 

is easily achieved. 

FinnissA feed - hull- Specialised variety for on-farm animal feed use in all areas. High powdery 

less mildew risk 

FleetA feed All areas, particularly for districts with lower rainfall and light soils 

Keel feed All areas except deep sandy soils of lower fertility and avoid areas prone to leaf 

rust 

Mundah feed Deep sandy soils of low fertility 

OxfordA feed Medium to high rainfall areas (>400mm) especially where leaf rust is prevalent 

ScopeA feed All areas except where leaf rust is a problem. Imizadoline tolerant, pending 

APVMA accreditation 

YarraA feed All areas but avoid grass competitive situations and areas prone to net form net 

blotch. 

For long term stability in farm 

returns and market supply 

and demand, farmers now 

growing only feed varieties 

should consider including 

some malting varieties in 

their cropping. However, it is 

important that growers contact 

their grain marketers of choice 

to discuss market demand prior 

to sowing a malting variety. Malting barley 

is grown, stored and sold on a varietyspecific 

basis and it is important to 

ascertain if the variety chosen is able to be 

stored and marketed in your area. 

Cereal cyst nematode levels should be 

carefully monitored when susceptible 

varieties such as Schooner, Scope, Sloop, 

Buloke, Baudin, Oxford and Gairdner are 

grown. Seed dressings having activity on 

powdery mildew should be applied to all 

varieties susceptible to powdery mildew, 

particularly when sown before June. 

Rob Wheeler 

Notes on older varieties 

Baudin A 

Baudin was released by the 

Department of Agriculture 

& Food WA in 2002. It is a 

Gairdner replacement for 

Western Australia with earlier 

maturity, slightly improved 

grain size and wider regional 

adaptation. It is a mid 

season malting variety with excellent 

straw strength and head retention, has 

an export malt quality profile and is 

currently the most popular Australian 

variety in overseas brewing markets. 

Baudin is very susceptible to some strains 

of leaf rust and powdery mildew. Its 

increased susceptibility to the Keel strain 

of net form net blotch is also a concern. 

Baudin is available through SeedNet. 

Buloke A 

Buloke is a high yielding, export 

19

20 

quality profile malting variety developed 

by VicDPI and released in 2005. It is a 

tall, mid to late season variety, with a 

flowering time similar to or slightly 

later than Schooner. Buloke offers high 

yield potential, typically exhibiting an 

10% yield advantage over Schooner. It 

has good levels of resistance to net form 

net blotch, better head retention than 

Schooner, but is susceptible to CCN 

and has shown increased susceptibility 

to leaf rust. Buloke has averaged similar 

grain plumpness and screenings but 

slightly inferior test weight to Schooner 

and exhibits sprouting tolerance similar 

to Gairdner. Buloke has a moderately 

short coleoptile and moderately slow 

early growth. Buloke is available through 


Commander A 

Commander is a new malting quality 

variety developed by the University of 

Adelaide and suitable for domestic 

and some export brewing markets. 

Commander has mid to late season 

maturity (earlier than Gairdner) and 

across many seasons, demonstrates wide 

adaptation and very high yield relative 

to other malting varieties, particularly 

in seasons with favourable spring 

finishes. Commander has excellent grain 

plumpness, but has generally lower test 

weight relative to Schooner and Flagship. 

Commander is resistant to CCN but has 

modest foliar disease resistance, being 

susceptible to leaf scald, leaf rust and 

spot form net blotch and moderately 

susceptible to net form net blotch and 

therefore should not be grown on a 

barley stubble and areas prone to net 

form net blotch. Commander is available 

through Viterra. 

Flagship A 

Flagship was developed and released 

from the University of Adelaide Barley 

Program in 2005.and has an export 

malt quality profile. Flagship is a tall, 

midseason maturity variety, similar in 

plant type to Schooner and Sloop, but 

typically exhibits a 5% yield advantage 

over Schooner. Flagship has good early 

vigour and weed competitiveness, but 

modest straw strength with lodging 

resistance similar to Schooner. Flagship 

can show high levels of soil boron toxicity 

symptoms which may reduce grain size 

but otherwise has slightly lower retention 

and higher screening than ‘Sloop types’. 

Flagship is susceptible to sprouting 

and timely harvest is recommended. 

Flagship is available through Viterra and 

Seedmark. 

Finniss A 

Finniss is a new hulless variety released 

from the University of Adelaide Barley 

Breeding Program and targeted at food 

and animal feed markets. Finniss has 

good straw strength and head retention 

and resistance to CCN and leaf rust 

and to common strains of leaf scald. 

Finniss’ main disease weakness is its 

susceptibility to powdery mildew. It is a 

semi dwarf type with mid season maturity 

like Schooner. Grain yield is similar to 

Schooner and well above other hulless 

types such as Torrens. Seed is available 

through Viterra 

Fleet A 

Fleet is a midseason maturing, CCN 

resistant feed barley, developed by 

the University of Adelaide as a direct 

replacement option for Barque and 

Mundah. Fleet has a long coleoptile, 

and combines the plant type of Barque 

with the yield potential of Keel, and 

the adaptation to deep sandy soils of 

Mundah. Fleet exhibits an excellent 

disease resistance profile, and typically 

shows a 5% yield advantage over Barque. 

Table 1: Yield of barley varieties in South Australian agricultural districts expressed as a percentage of Schooner’s yield (SARDI and NVT data 2004 - 2010 inclusive, with 

number of observations in italics). 

Region Yorke Peninsula Murray Mallee Mid North Lower Eyre Central Eyre South East 

Peninsula Peninsula 

Yield Obs No Yield Obs No Yield Obs No Yield Obs No Yield Obs No Yield Obs No 

MALTING (SA) 

Baudin 104 33 99 20 103 21 103 20 102 20 102 13 

Buloke 111 33 109 20 110 21 110 20 108 24 110 13 

Commander 116 33 109 20 113 21 111 20 109 24 115 13 

Flagship 106 33 107 20 105 21 105 20 104 24 106 13 

Gairdner 105 33 99 17 103 21 101 18 100 12 104 13 

Schooner 100 33 100 20 100 21 100 20 100 24 100 13 

Sloop SA 102 33 105 20 103 21 102 20 102 24 104 13 

Vlamingh 

FOOD 

107 33 101 20 107 21 106 20 102 24 106 11 

Hindmarsh 

FEED 

119 23 115 13 118 15 116 14 116 17 114 9 

Barque 110 33 108 20 107 21 106 18 110 24 106 10 

Capstan 114 33 102 4 113 21 110 11 109 3 114 13 

Fleet 120 33 112 20 116 21 113 20 116 24 115 13 

Keel 113 33 108 20 113 21 110 20 117 23 109 13 

Maritime 109 33 103 20 107 21 108 20 105 24 105 12 

Oxford 118 13 99 6 115 9 115 7 105 8 115 5 

Yarra 

HULL-LESS 

117 28 103 17 111 21 112 20 111 24 109 13 

Finniss 

PENDING MALT ACCREDITATION 

100 33 92 10 97 21 96 16 97 7 96 13 

Bass 112 23 96 10 110 15 109 12 103 12 108 9 

Henley 115 8 103 6 113 6 112 5 106 8 112 3 

Scope 107 8 104 6 108 6 105 5 104 8 107 3 

Navigator 102 18 105 12 104 6 101 7 

Skipper 114 8 107 6 112 6 111 5 110 8 113 3 

Wimmera 116 8 115 6 112 4 114 5 

Schooner’s yield (t/ha) 2.69 33 1.48 20 3.27 21 2.97 20 2.06 24 3.12 13

MOBY FORAGE BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare) 

MATURITY EARLY 

MINIMUM RAINFALL 350 

SEEDING RATE KG/HA 

DRYLAND 60-80 

HIGH RAINFALL/IRRIGATION 80-120 

MUNDAH 1.18 

MOBY 1.32 12% INCREASE 

1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3 1.35 

Early vigour. Measurements taken around August 

7th (around 64 days post sowing), depending on when 

plants reached at GS31, expressed in DM t/ha 

Moby is an early maturing, 6 row, white seeded awnless 

barley with excellent winter growth and and rapid establishment. 

establishment. ment. 

Leaf size varies according to environmental conditions and is 

more comparable with oat varieties than traditional barley 

types. Moby will tolerate multiple grazings until the production 

of the first node. 

Being winter active, Moby offers an extended sowing window 

compared to forage oats from mid autumn to mid winter. 

Seedling vigour in Moby is exceptional, being first to grazing 

in all Pasture Genetics forage cereal trials conducted to date. 

Moby has shown significant versatility, adapting to a large 

range of sowing conditions and environments. 

Disease resistance appears typical of other commercial 

barley cultivars with good net blotch resistance, adequate 

field leaf scald and spot blotch resistance. Maturity date 

again varies depending on temperature and sowing date, 

the following table may act as a guide. 

Yield Data, Pasture Genetics Naracoorte Trial Site, 2009 

Sown 4th June, 100kg/ha fertiliser at sowing, blend (N = 9.1, P = 13.2, 

K = 10, S = 8.9), 100kg/ha Urea late season. 

MUNDAH 7.98 

MOBY 8.87 11% INCREASE 

7.4 7.6 7.8 8 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9 

Total yield. Cuts taken at flowering in October 

depending on maturity, cutting time across varieties 

was flowering, expressed in DM t/ha 

Forage Quality Data, Pasture Genetics Penfield Research Station, 2010 

Sown 30th July, 100kg/ha fertiliser at sowing, blend (N = 9.1, P = 13.2, K = 10, S = 8.9). 

Feed quality tests, samples taken around 30th July, when plants were at GS31 

Variety DM (%) 

Crude Protein 

(% of DM) 

NDF (% of DM) 

DMD (% 0f 

DM) 

ME (MJ/kg 

DM) 

Moby 11.2 27 44.7 86.8 13.3 

Mundah 10.3 26.2 43.7 84.7 13 

DMD = Feed efficiency score. 2 DMD point increase = one extra litre of milk 

Moby barley (left) vs Rufus triticale 

(right) 49 days after sowing 

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Fleet has plump grain but slightly lower 

test weights than other feed types. It’s 

strong awn can reduce threshability 

and attention to concave and thresher 

adjustment is important, especially in 

maintaining test weight. Seed is available 

through Viterra and the Australian Field 

Crops Association (AFCA). 

Hindmarsh A 

Hindmarsh is an early maturing (similar 

to Barque), semi-dwarf, food quality 

variety developed by VicDPI, and released 

in 2006. Hindmarsh offers excellent 

yield potential, typically similar to Keel, 

and grain quality at least equivalent to 

Keel with resistance to CCN, moderate 

susceptibility to leaf rust and mildew and 

susceptibility to the spot form net blotch. 

Hindmarsh has a short coleoptile and 

attention to seeding depth is important in 

stubble systems. Where triadimenol seed 

dressing and pre-emergent herbicide is 

used, research has shown shallow sowing 

to be more advantageous than deeper 

sowing to avoid potential damage. Seed is 

available from SeedNet. 

Keel 

Keel, an early flowering, high yielding, 

feed quality variety was released in 

1999 and is now generally outclassed 

by Hindmarsh and Fleet in SA. High 

susceptibility to leaf rust and in recent 

years, development of susceptibility to net 

form net blotch and scald have further 

detracted from this once very popular 

variety. Keel seed is licensed to Viterra. 

Maritime A 

Maritime is a tall, early maturing feed 

variety with CCN resistance released 

by the University of Adelaide in 2004. 

Maritime was developed specifically 

for manganese deficient soils where it 

exhibits good adaptation. Maritime has a 

yield potential between Barque and Keel 

on other soil types, and offered a good 

disease resistance profile but is now very 

susceptible to the net form net blotch. 

Maritime has excellent physical grain 

quality and early vigour, and is a good 

option for lower rainfall environments 

where tall straw and high test weights are 

sought. Seed is available through Viterra 

Oxford A 

Oxford is a new feed quality variety 

developed by the Nickerson/PlantTech 

breeding and selection program and 

released across SE Australian during 

2009. Oxford has late maturity similar 

to Franklin, with good straw strength 

and head retention. While Oxford is 

susceptible to CCN and spot form net 

blotch, it has good resistance to leaf rust 

and powdery mildew. Oxford appears a 

useful option for SE high rainfall districts 

and has good black point resistance. Seed 

is available through Seedmark. 

Scope A 

Scope is a tall, early to mid season 

maturing, imidazolinone tolerant barley 

with moderate to high yield potential 

across a range of medium rainfall 

environments. Its disease resistance 

profile is very similar to Buloke with 

the main concern being susceptibility 

to some leaf rust strains. It has been 

released as a feed variety but also 

commenced Barley Australia malting 

accreditation with scheduled completion 

in March 2013. 

Work is ongoing to apply for a 

registration for use of an appropriate 

BASF Clearfield herbicide on Scope with 

an outcome expected prior to seeding in 

2012 

This herbicide tolerance makes Scope 

an attractive option for brome and other 

grass control, particularly in mallee type 

soils. Seed is available through SeedNet. 

SloopSA A 

SloopSA, once a widely grown malting 

variety developed by the University of 

Adelaide, is now generally outclassed by 

newer varieties, Buloke, Commander and 

Flagship. 

Relative to these varieties, SloopSA 

generally shows at least 5% lower yield 

and is susceptible to all foliar diseases 

other than net form net blotch. It is also 

susceptible to head loss under some 

conditions and has limited malting 

and brewing market demand. Market 

indications are that 2011 will be the 

last year large scale segregations will be 

available. SloopSA is commercialised by 

Viterra and Seedmark. 

Table 2: Disease reaction of selected barley varieties 

Variety CCN 

CCN Powdery Leaf 

Leaf Net blotch Net blotch Black 

resistance tolerance mildew scald 

rust (spot form) (net form) point 

Barque R T MR S/VS MS-S/VS R/MR MS/S S 

Bass S T MS MR-S R - MS MS-S MS/S - 

Baudin S T S/VS MS/S MS-S/VS S MS MS 

Buloke S T MR MS MS-S/VS MS MR MS/S 

Capstan R T MR MR-S MS MS/S MS MS 

Commander R T MR S MR/MS-S MS MS S/VS 

Finniss R T VS R-S MR-MR/MS MS/S MS S 

Flagship R T MR/MS MS MR/MS-S/VS MR/MS MR S 

Fleet R T MR/MS MR/MS MR/MS-S R/MR MR MS/S 

Gairdner S T MR R-S MS-S S MR/MS MR/MS 

Henley - T R S/VS MR S MR MS/S 

Hindmarsh R T MS R-S MS-S S MR - 

Keel R T MR/MS MS VS R/MR MS S/VS 

Maritime R T S MS/S MS-S MR/MS VS S 

Navigator R T R R-S VS MR MR MS/S 

Oxford S T R MR-S R MS/S MR MR 

Schooner S T S MS/S S/VS MS MR MS/S 

Scope S T MR MS/S MS-S/VS MS MR S 

Skipper R T MR S MS/S-S/VS MR MR MS/S 

Sloop SA R T S S S/VS S/VS MR MS/S 

Vlamingh S T VS MR/MS MS-S/VS MS MR S 

Wimmera S T MR MS/S R-MR/MS MR/MS MR - 

Yarra R T S S/VS R-S MS MS S/VS 

Disease rating codes: R = resistant; MR = moderately resistant; MS = moderately susceptible; S = susceptible; VS = very susceptible * = previously resistant 

varieties now more susceptible to new races (in some areas) 

Information on disease reaction was supplied by the Field Crop Pathology Unit (SARDI). Contact Dr Hugh Wallwork (08) 8303 9382.

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Table 3: Agronomic characteristics of selected barley varieties 

Variety Coleoptile Early Tillering Standing Height Earliness Head Ease of Boron tox Manganese 

length vigour ability ability to head to flower retention threshing symptoms efficiency 

Barque 6 9 6 7 6 5 3 6 3 

Bass 7 4 6 

Baudin 4 5 8 6 4 4 7 7 

Buloke 4 5 7 5 7 5 6 3 

Capstan 4 9 8 3 3 8 7 6 

Commander 6 6 7 5 6 5 5 7 6 

Finniss 8 4 7 8 4 4 8 

Flagship 5 5 7 5 6 5 7 7 8 

Fleet 8 6 8 6 7 6 5 4 5 

Gairdner 5 4 9 6 5 4 8 6 7 3 

Henley 8 4 

Hindmarsh 3 3 8 7 5 6 7 6 8 

Keel 6 8 5 6 8 5 6 6 4 

Maritime 7 8 7 4 6 6 7 7 8 7 

Mundah 9 6 6 6 7 3 6 7 5 

Navigator 6 4 9 7 4 4 7 8 2 

Oxford 8 9 8 4 3 8 7 7 

Schooner 6 6 7 6 7 5 4 7 7 5 

Scope 5 7 5 7 5 6 

Skipper 6 6 7 5 6 6 6 3 

Sloop SA 6 6 7 5 7 5 3 7 7 6 

Vlamingh 6 7 4 7 

Wimmera 5 4 9 8 4 4 8 7 

Yarra 3 8 7 4 5 8 

Relative values based on a 0-9 scale, a high figure indicating the variety expresses the character to a high degree. These values are only a guide; growing conditions greatly 

influence differences. * A high boron toxicity symptom score relates to high presence of leaf symptoms. 

Vlamingh A 

Vlamingh was developed and released 

by Department of Agriculture and Food 

WA in 2006. Vlamingh has completed 

malting accreditation in WA where it is 

widely adapted and has yields generally 

greater than Baudin and Gairdner 

together with plumper grain than 

these varieties. It is highly susceptible 

to powdery mildew and is susceptible 

to CCN. Within SA NVT, yields have 

generally been slightly superior to 

Gairdner seed is licensed to the Grain 

Pool of WA. 

Yarra A 

Yarra is a moderately late maturing, 

semi dwarf, feed variety developed by 

VicDPI and released in 2005. Yarra 

exhibits prostrate early growth with 

modest early vigour, and hence possible 

poor weed competitiveness, but excellent 

yield potential, good straw strength and 

very plump grain albeit very susceptible 

to black point. Yarra is resistant to CCN 

and has had outstanding resistance to 

leaf rust although a new strain found 

in 2011 has rendered the variety more 

susceptible.. It is rated as susceptible 

to very susceptible to leaf scald and has 

moderate susceptibility to both forms 

of net blotch. Yarra is available through 

Viterra. 

Notes on New Varieties 

Bass A (WABAR2315) is a “Baudin type” 

export quality malting barley currently 

undergoing the final stage of Barley 

Australia malt accreditation. It is a mid 

to late maturing variety targeted to 

Gairdner production areas. Bass offers 

good resistance to scald, leaf rust and 

barley yellow dwarf virus but has no CCN 

resistance and is susceptible to net form 

net blotch so is not recommended for 

growing in SA where the disease occurs. 

Fathom A (WI4483) is a feed quality 

line developed using wild barley to 

improve stress tolerance and water use 

efficiency. Widespread yield data from 

SA NVT is limited to 2010 where Fathom 

averaged slightly higher yields relative 

to Hindmarsh and has good levels 

of resistance to CCN, scald, spot form 

net blotch and leaf rust. Fathom has 

shown susceptibility to NFNB so is not 

recommended for growing in SA where 

the disease occurs. 

Henley A is a European malting barley 

licensed to Seedmark under evaluation 

in Australia. It is mid to late maturing 

targeted as a Baudin replacement having 

good levels of resistance to powdery 

mildew, leaf rust and net form net blotch 

and variable scald resistance. Preliminary 

NVT trials in 2010 produced yields above 

Baudin in SA. Malting accreditation will 

not be completed before March 2013 

Navigator A (WI4262) is a potential, 

domestic malt quality barley currently 

undergoing Barley Australia accreditation 

and large scale trials with Coopers, 

Lion and CUB breweries. Navigator is 

a mid to late maturing variety similar 

to Gairdner but offering 2-3% higher 

yield potential, significantly improved 

physical grain quality and a good disease 

resistance profile with the exception of 

extreme susceptibility to leaf rust. Seed 

will be available for 2012 and for further 

information contact Viterra. 

Skipper A (WI4446) is an early to mid 

maturing potential malting quality line 

similar in phenology and plant type 

to Buloke and Flagship. Grain yield in 

2009 and 2010 SA NVT was similar to 

Commander. Skipper entered Stage 1 

malting accreditation in 2011. Skipper 

has a good disease resistance profile 

although has shown S/VS susceptibility to 

leaf rust in some regions. 

Wimmera A (VB0432) is a mid to late 

maturing variety with similar plant 

architecture to Gairdner however it 

has significantly higher yield potential. 

Within SA NVT during the past two 

seasons it has averaged more than 20% 

higher yield than Gairdner. Wimmera is 

undergoing malt accreditation trials with 

completion expected by March 2013. 

Wimmera has shown resistance to leaf 

rust until a new strain emerged in 2011 to 

which it is now more susceptible.

Canola variety sowing guide 2012 

By Trent Potter, 

Research Scientist, SARDI, Struan 

The choice of most suitable canola 

variety for any situation will often 

follow a consideration of maturity, 

herbicide tolerance, blackleg resistance 

and early vigour together with relative 

yield and oil content. In relation 

to some of these issues the 

following points can be made: 

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may dictate the need for a 

herbicide tolerant production 

system (e.g., triazine tolerant or 

Clearfield). Remember that a 

triazine tolerant variety will incur 

a yield and oil penalty when 

Trent Potter 

grown in situations where they are not 

warranted. 

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fungicide use should be considered, 

particularly when rotations are close. 

Due to the high levels of blackleg in 

many areas in SA, it is very important 

that canola crops are grown at least 

500 metres away from last year’s canola 

paddock. 

As well, if you have used the same 

variety for three years or more there is 

an increased chance of blackleg that can 

attack that variety. Therefore it is even 

more important to keep the same variety 

at least 500 metres away from stubble of 

that variety. 

There has been a wide range of new 

varieties available for 2011 sowings and 

a lot more are likely to be released for 

2012. 

Many of these varieties are hybrids and 

the likelihood is that in future many 

more hybrids will be released. When you 

make your choice about new varieties you 

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website (www.nvtonline.com.au) and any 

of your own ideas from observing trials 

www.nvtonline.com.au 

in 2011. Remember that canola entries 

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year before release so comments about 

blackleg, quality etc come from company 

summaries. 

The new blackleg ratings have been 

released and are included in this 

paper. Full ratings are available on the 

Australian Oilseeds Federation 

website: www.australianoilseeds. 

com 

In previous years, all canola 

trials were sown with bare seed, 

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sown with the same fungicide 

treatment (Impact-in-furrow) on 

all varieties so that the reaction 

to blackleg will be more difficult 

to assess from looking at the trials. 

Notes on new canola varieties 

released in 2011 

Blackleg ratings are those released in 

March 2011. 

Conventional varieties 

CB Agamax. New Release 2011. Earlymid 

maturing hybrid. Canola Breeders 

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oil content. Blackleg resistance rating 

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as well as other conventional varieties 

when no fungicide was applied in 2010 

trials. 

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time. Marketed by Canola Breeders. 

CB Taurus�� 

maturing, “winter” type canola hybrid. 

Winter grazing option in high rainfall 

zones. 

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content. Anticipated to have R blackleg 

resistance rating. Marketed by Canola 

Breeders. 

Conventional specialty varieties 

Victory V3001. (tested as 06H932) 

Early to mid maturing specialty hybrid 

developed by Cargill Specialty Canola 

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resistance (MR) and yield potential 

although a little too early maturing to 

yield well in the South East where it is 

targeted. A replacement variety is being 

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will be grown under contract production 

for Cargill and marketed by Cargill 

Specialty Canola Oils. 

HERBICIDE TOLERANT 

10 CROPS, 300 VARIETIES, 

630 TRIALS ANNUALLY 

Clearfield varieties 

Hyola 575CL. (tested as K9317). Midearly 

season hybrid. Pacific Seeds indicate 

high grain yield and oil content about 1% 

more than Hyola 571CL. Medium plant 

height. Blackleg resistance rating MR (P). 

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it had higher grain yields than Hyola 

571CL. Bred and marketed by Pacific 

Seeds. 

44Y84 (CL)�� 

hybrid. Blackleg resistance rating MR-MS. 

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grain yields to Hyola 571CL in 2010 trials. 

Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred. 

Triazine tolerant varieties 

CB Junee HT (Trialled as CHYB- 

127). New Release 2011. Early maturing 

TT hybrid. Canola Breeders indicate 

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good oil content. Blackleg resistance 

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in 2010 for the first time. Bred and 

marketed by Canola Breeders. 

Crusher TT. Mid maturing OP TT 

variety - Pacific Seeds indicate good oil 

and good protein content. Medium-tall 

plant height. Ideally fits Medium to very 

high rainfall areas including irrigation, 

25

26 

exhibits good early vigour and good 

standability. Blackleg resistance rating MS 

(P). Tested in NVT trials in 2010. Bred 

and marketed by Pacific Seeds. 

Hyola 751TT. (tested as T2475 TT). Mid 

maturing TT variety. (2 to 4 days later 

than Lightning TT) Pacific Seeds indicate 

excellent yield, excellent oil and high 

protein content. Medium-Tall height. 

Ideally fits medium to very high rainfall 

areas including irrigation, and exhibits 

good vigour. Blackleg resistance rating 

MR (P). Tested in NVT trials in 2009 

interstate for first time, not in all trials in 

SA. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds. 

Thumper TT. (tested as T2214) Mid to 

mid-late maturing double haploid OP 

TT variety. - Pacific Seeds indicate very 

high yield, excellent oil and good protein 

content. Medium plant height. Ideally fits 

high to very high rainfall areas including 

irrigation, exhibits good early vigour and 

excellent standability. Blackleg resistance 

rating MR (P). First tested in NVT trials 

in 2010. Bred and marketed by Pacific 


Hyola 555TT. (tested as T2522) Mid- 

Early maturing TT Hybrid. (TT version 

of Hyola 433) Pacific Seeds indicate 

excellent yield, excellent oil and high 

protein content. 

Ideally fits medium-low right through 

to high rainfall areas. This Hybrid 

exhibits good TT Hybrid vigour, medium 

plant height and excellent standability. 

Blackleg resistance rating MR (P). Tested 

in NVT trials in 2010. Bred and marketed 

by Pacific Seeds. 

Hyola 444TT. (tested as T98002) Early 

maturing TT Hybrid. Pacific Seeds 

indicate excellent yield, excellent oil 

and high protein content. Medium-short 

plant height. 

Ideally fits low to medium-high rainfall 

areas and exhibits good TT Hybrid vigour 

and good standability. Blackleg resistance 

rating MR-MS (P). Tested in NVT trials 



Fighter TT. (tested as T2181) Early to 

mid-early maturing double haploid OP 

TT variety. Pacific Seeds indicate good 

yield with Moderate oil and very high 

protein content. 

Medium-Short height. Ideally fits 

medium-low to medium-high rainfall 

areas, exhibits reasonable vigour and 

excellent standability. 

Blackleg resistance rating MR (P). First 

tested in NVT trials in 2010. Bred and 

marketed by Pacific Seeds 

Entry Mid North 

Long term 2004-2010 (t/ha) 

Yorke P Lower EP South East 

t/ha # trials t/ha # trials t/ha # trials t/ha # trials 

Conventional 

AV Garnet 2.37 15 2.28 10 2.01 10 2.31 14 

CB Agamax 2.26 3 2.14 3 

Hyola 433 2.44 6 2.30 4 1.98 4 2.35 6 

Hyola 50 2.41 15 2.37 10 2.02 10 2.38 14 

Victory V3001 

Clearfield 

2.19 3 2.08 12 

Hyola 575CL 2.15 3 

Pioneer 44Y84 1.99 8 2.51 6 1.85 6 1.99 9 

Pioneer 45Y82 1.98 5 2.48 4 1.81 4 2.02 6 

Pioneer 46Y83 

Triazine tolerant 

2.04 5 2.56 4 1.90 4 2.07 6 

ATR Cobbler 1.91 11 1.88 8 1.56 8 1.65 11 

ATR Snapper 1.80 3 

ATR Stingray 1.91 3 

CB Jardee HT 2.13 5 2.06 4 1.69 5 1.92 6 

CB Mallee HT 2.05 4 1.59 3 1.79 5 

CB Scaddan 1.91 8 1.89 6 1.50 6 1.70 8 

CB Tanami 1.77 7 1.72 4 1.39 4 1.57 5 

CB Telfer 1.63 7 1.54 4 1.39 4 1.44 5 

CB Tumby HT 2.04 5 1.99 4 1.60 4 1.78 5 

CrusherTT 2.14 3 

Fighter TT 1.84 3 

Hyola 555TT 2.16 3 

Hyola 751TT 2.14 3 2.05 3 2.03 3 

Monola 76TT 1.99 8 1.94 6 1.54 6 1.80 8 

Monola 77TT 1.99 8 1.95 6 1.55 6 1.79 8 

Tawriffic TT 1.98 11 1.91 8 1.59 8 1.79 11 

Thumper TT 2.06 3 

ATR-Snapper. (tested as NT0049) Early- 

Mid maturing Medium-short height. 

High oil and protein content. Blackleg 

resistance rating MS (P). Bred by Canola 

Alliance. Marketed by Nuseed Pty Ltd. 

ATR-Stingray. (tested as NT0045) 

Early maturing. Short height. High oil 

and protein content. Blackleg resistance 

rating MR-MS. Bred by AgSeed Research 

and DPI Victoria . Marketed by Nuseed 

Pty Ltd. 

LIKELY NEW VARIETIES FOR 2012 

Remember that canola entries have 

only been in NVT trials for one year 

before release so comments about 

blackleg, quality etc come from company 

summaries. 

Conventional varieties 

CHYB-187. Early-mid maturing 

conventional hybrid. Vigorous early 

growth. Expected to be grown in low 

to medium rainfall regions including 

irrigation zones. CB trials indicate 

moderately susceptible to blackleg, and 

medium-high seed oil content. First year 

NVT testing in 2011. Bred by Canola 

Breeders. 

Conventional specialty varieties 

Victory ® V3002 - Breeders code 

08H5061C. Early-mid conventional 

specialty hybrid variety, slightly later than 

V3001. Good early vigour, good yield 

potential and high oil content. Expected 

R-MR (with Jockey) blackleg rating. 

Expected release in 2012, bred by Cargill 

and DPI- Victoria, marketed by Cargill. 

Victory ® V3003 - Breeders code 

08H5067C. Mid conventional specialty 

hybrid variety. Good early vigour and 

high yield potential and oil content. 

Expected R-MR (with Jockey) blackleg 

rating. Expected release in 2012, bred 

by Cargill and DPI-Victoria, marketed by 

Cargill.

nuSEED 

high performance 

canola 

TT Canola bred in Australia 

for Australian conditions 

ATR Stingray and 

NEW ATR Gem 

high performance 

canola 

NEW 

TAWRIFFIC TT 

REPLACEMENT 

ATR Stingray Flexible, Early season TT 

BREEDER CODE 

MATURITY 

*YIELD% 

*OIL 

BLACKLEG 

VIGOUR 

PLANT HEIGHT 

KEY FEATURE 

ALTERNATIVE TO 

BREEDER CODE 

MATURITY 

*YIELD 

*OIL 

BLACKLEG 

VIGOUR 

PLANT HEIGHT 

KEY FEATURE 

ALTERNATIVE TO 

NT0045 

Early 

ATR-Cobbler +13% 

ATR-Cobbler +1.5% 

MR-MS 

Similar to ATR Cobbler 

Short 

Compact, even maturity 

Fighter TT, CB Tumby HT, 

CB Mallee HT 

ATR Gem Tawriffic TT replacement 

NT0107 

Early/Mid (similar to TawrifficTT) 

TawrifficTT +15% 

TawrifficTT + 0.3% 

MR (P) 

Improvement over TawrifficTT 

Shorter than TawrifficTT 

Tawriffic TT Replacement 

TawrifficTT, CB Jardee TT, Crusher TT 

FOR MORE INFO: 

Robert Christie 

0427 340 608 

www.nuseed.com.au 

CanolaCote 

Healthier Plants - Healthier Profit 

*2010 NVT National yield data 

across all 42 sites 

ATR STINGRAY 113 

FIGHTER TT 110 

CB MALLEE HT 103 

ATR COBBLER 100 

QU A L I T Y 

NUQAS 

A S S U R E D 

50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120% 

*2010 Nuseed TT yield data 

ATR GEM 116 

TAWRIFFIC TT 101 

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 

*2010 Nuseed Internal Data Across 9 Sites. 

Nuseed canola varieties 

available now from 

Disclaimer: All material appearing in this publication is copyright. All or part of this publication may not be reproduced in any way without the consent of Nuseed. 

The information in this publication is intended as a guide only. Whilst Nuseed has taken all due care to ensure this information provided is accurate at the time of 

publication, Nuseed cannot guarantee that every statement is without flaw of any kind. Nuseed and its agents or employees shall not be liable for any loss or 

damage suffered by any person as a result of any of the contents herein, whether such loss or damage arises from the negligence or misrepresentation or any act or 

omission of Nuseed or its agents or employees. 

27 

Nu627

28 

Oil content (at 6% moisture) for early season canola trials 2010 

Entry Tooligie 

% 

Conventional 

Spalding 

% 

Clearfield varieties 

Hyola® 474CL. Mid-early maturing 

CL Hybrid. Pacific Seeds indicate higher 

yield than Hyola 571CL, very high oil and 

high protein content. Medium-tall plant 

height. 

Ideally fits medium-low to high rainfall 

areas including irrigation, and exhibits 

excellent hybrid vigour. 

Anticipated high blackleg resistance 

rating R-MR. Tested in NVT trials in 2011. 

Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds. New 

release for 2012. 

43Y85CL. (tested as 08N102I). Early 

maturing hybrid Clearfield canola. 

Pioneer Hi-Bred suggest it will be MR(P) 

for blackleg resistance and equivalent oil 

content to 44C79. 

Selected for short plant height and 

standability. Tested in NVT trials in 2011. 

Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred. 

Triazine tolerant varieties 

Jackpot TT. Mid-early maturing open 

pollinated TT variety. Pacific Seeds 

indicate very high yield, very high oil and 

Minlaton 

% 

Keith 

% 

very high protein content. Medium-Short 

height. Ideally fits low to medium-high 

rainfall areas, exhibits good early vigour. 

Anticipated Blackleg resistance rating of 

MR. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds. 

Due to be released in 2012. 

Bonanza TT. Early maturing double 

haploid open pollinated TT variety. 

Pacific Seeds indicate good yield for 

maturity. Good oil and very high protein 

content. Short plant height suited for 

direct heading. 

Ideally fits low to medium rainfall areas, 

exhibits excellent early vigour similar to 

some TT Hybrids. Anticipated Blackleg 

resistance rating of MR. 

Currently being tested in NVT trials 


Seeds. Due to be released in 2012. 

CHYB-148 HT ® . Mid-maturity TT 

hybrid for medium to high rainfall 

regions. CB trials indicate moderately 

resistant to moderately susceptible to 

blackleg, and medium seed oil content. 

First year NVT testing in 2011. Bred by 

Canola Breeders. 

SARDI ReSEARCH 

Lameroo 

% 

AV Garnet 49.4 49.8 43.6 46.0 

CB Agamax 47.6 47.9 40.6 45.2 

Hyola 433 49.0 48.5 42.7 46.1 

Hyola 50 48.3 50.1 43.2 45.7 

Oasis CL 47.3 47.4 47.4 41.3 45.9 

Tarcoola 


49.9 47.9 41.8 47.7 

ATR Cobbler 46.3 45.4 44.8 43.6 45.6 

CB Mallee HT 44.6 45.5 44.3 42.1 42.8 

CB Scaddan 44.2 45.2 43.5 40.9 42.4 

CB Tanami 45.0 42.0 43.1 42.6 43.8 

CB Telfer 46.5 44.7 45.2 44.4 45.6 

CB Junee HT 46.0 46.2 46.4 

Fighter TT 44.0 46.1 43.9 42.9 43.1 

ATR-Stingray 47.5 47.2 46.5 45.7 46.5 

ATR-Snapper 48.7 49.1 48.1 47.8 46.6 

Tawriffic TT 49.1 49.5 47.9 46.3 45.8 

CB Jardee HT 46.0 45.3 43.7 44.2 

CB Tumby HT 46.3 45.1 43.6 44.5 

Hyola444TT 46.5 44.6 

Crusher TT 46.3 

Hyola555TT 46.4 

Thumper TT 46.2 

CHYB-147 HT ® . Mid-maturity 

TT hybrid expected to have broad 

adaptation across all rainfall regions. 

CB trials indicate moderately resistant to 

moderately susceptible to blackleg, and 

medium seed oil content. First year NVT 

testing in 2011. Bred by Canola Breeders. 

CHYB-144 HT ® . Early maturity 

TT hybrid for low to medium rainfall 

regions. CB trials indicate moderately 

susceptible to blackleg, and medium seed 

oil content. First year NVT testing in 

2011. Bred by Canola Breeders. 

CBWA-106. Very early maturity openpollinated 

variety for low to medium 

rainfall regions. 

CB trials indicate moderately 

susceptible to blackleg, and medium seed 

oil content. First year NVT testing in 

2011. Bred by Canola Breeders. 

CBWA-107. Mid maturity variety, under 

evaluation. Moderately susceptible to 

blackleg, and medium seed oil content. 

First year NVT testing in 2011. Bred by 

Canola Breeders. 

ATR-Gem (tested as NT0107). Early-mid 

maturity triazine tolerant open pollinated 

variety with better blackleg resistance 

MR(P) and vigour than TawrifficTT. 

Slightly shorter than TawrifficTT and with 

slightly higher oil content. 

Bred and marketed by Nuseed. First 

year of NVT testing in 2011. 

Triazine tolerant specialty varieties 

Monola 506TT. New release (coded 

NL0437). Early to early mid maturing 

Monola variety, similar maturity to 

ATR-Cobbler. 

Higher oil content and yield than ATR- 

Cobbler. 

Height similar to Monola 77TT. 

Blackleg resistance rating MR (P). Tested 

in NVT trials in 2011 for the first time. 

Developed by Nuseed, grown under 

contract with a premium to Nuseed Crop 

Network. 


NL0305). Early to mid maturing 

Monola variety, similar maturity to 

Tawriffic TT. 

Slightly higher oil content than ATR- 

Cobbler. Height shorter than Monola 

77TT. More vigorous than Monola 77TT. 

Blackleg resistance rating MR (P). 

Tested in NVT trials in 2011 for the first 

time. Developed by Nuseed, grown under 

>> sowing the seeds of success! www.sardi.sa.gov.au 

2012 SARDI Sowing Guide < 21

NEW NEW NEW 

NEW NEW 

43Y23 

45Y22 

45Y21 

It’s time to 

reshape your 

landscape. 

46Y20 

43Y85 

The new generation of Y series canola hybrids from 

Pioneer are making their mark on the landscape by 

redefi ning top-end yields. 

Each hybrid offers outstanding seedling vigour and solid blackleg resistance. There 

are choices across maturity groups and herbicide-tolerance options of Roundup 

Ready ® or Clearfi eld ® , which means you can plant the right product in the right 

paddock. And their exceptional grain and oil yields will deliver better returns. 

So reshape your landscape this season with Pioneer ® brand Y series canola hybrids. 

For more information call 1800 CANOLA or visit www.pioneer.com 

44Y84 45Y82 46Y83 

Canola varieties and hybrids containing the Roundup Ready ® gene of herbicide tolerance can only be commercially grown in Australian states that allow its production. ®, TM, SM : Trademarks 

and service marks of Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Clearfi eld ® is a registered trademark of BASF Roundup Ready ® is a registered trademark used under licence from Monsanto Company. 

29

30 

contract with a premium to Nuseed Crop 

Network. 


NL0587). Mid maturing Monola 

variety, similar maturity to Monola 77TT. 

Lower oil content than ATR-Cobbler. 

Height shorter than Monola 77TT. 

Similar vigour to Monola 77TT. Blackleg 

Oil content (at 6% moisture) for mid season canola trials 2010 

Entry Arthurton Minlaton Spalding Riverton Turretfield Mount Hope Yeelanna Bordertown Frances Bool Lagoon Mean 

% % % % % % % % % % % 

Conventional 

AV Garnet 47.2 50.2 50 52.2 43.3 49.6 50.8 48 46 44.9 48.2 

CB Agamax 45.1 47.6 47.6 48.6 43.4 48 48.8 46.1 44.5 44.8 46.5 

Hyola 433 46.6 48.4 48.6 49.1 43.9 49.1 49.2 47.6 47 46.7 47.6 

Hyola 50 47.6 49.6 49.8 50.6 43.7 49.1 49.8 47.9 46.6 46.2 48.1 

Victory V3001 44.3 45.8 48 47.6 41.5 46.3 46.4 47.1 44.8 44 45.6 

Clearfield 

Hyola 571CL 44.6 45.8 46.9 47.3 43.6 46.2 48.1 46.5 45.8 44.9 46.0 

Hyola 575CL 46.2 48.2 47.3 49.5 44.3 48.5 47.6 47.7 45.4 46.1 47.1 

Hyola 676CL 48 48.6 48.1 51.2 45.8 49.8 50.3 48 46.8 46 48.3 

Pioneer 44Y84 46.2 48 48.1 49.2 44.2 48.2 47.3 47.4 43.2 44.3 46.6 

Pioneer 45Y82 44.5 46.9 45.3 48.4 43.8 45.4 46.7 45.9 44.2 44.6 45.6 

Pioneer 46Y78 45.9 48.7 47.1 49.8 45.2 48.5 48.3 47.5 44.8 43.9 47.0 

Pioneer 46Y83 46 48.8 48.5 49.6 44.5 48.4 48.5 47.7 45 44.8 47.2 


ATR Cobbler 45 43.4 47.8 49.4 42.2 46.5 48.5 44.9 41.7 43.7 45.3 

CB Argyle 46.2 47.9 50.8 44.5 46.7 50.8 46.5 43 44.9 

CB Jardee HT 44.1 43.1 46.4 48 40.8 46.6 46.9 45.5 42.5 41.4 44.5 

CB Mallee HT 43.2 42.6 45.3 47.3 40 45 46.8 44.1 41.4 42 43.8 

CB Scaddan 44 44.1 45.8 46.7 40 45.5 47.1 44.5 43.4 41.8 44.3 

CB Tumby HT 44.8 44.5 46.6 48 41.7 46.5 47.4 45.8 43.5 41.2 45.0 

CrusherTT 44.5 44.4 48.2 49.5 41.7 47.1 49.2 46 43.2 44.1 45.8 

Fighter TT 43.6 44 46.6 48.1 40.2 45.2 47.5 44.1 44.3 42.6 44.6 

Hyola 555TT 45.9 44.4 47.4 48.5 43.1 46.7 48.7 46.7 44.4 44.5 46.0 

Hyola 751TT 43.8 45.5 48 48.5 41.8 46.1 48.2 45.4 43.9 

Monola 76TT 46.6 47.1 48.8 50.4 44.4 48.1 51.3 47.6 43.9 44.9 47.3 

Monola 77TT 47.2 46.5 49.9 50.7 43.6 49.1 51.8 46.9 43.9 45.5 47.5 

Monola 603TT 46.2 47.4 49.9 50.9 45.2 49.2 51.4 48.9 45.8 45.4 48.0 

Monola 704TT 47.1 49.1 50.3 50.9 45.3 48.8 52.3 49.1 46.1 45.4 48.4 

ATR-Stingray 46.3 45.3 47.9 50.1 43.6 49.5 50.3 47.2 47.1 46.2 47.4 

ATR-Snapper 47.8 47.6 49.7 50.7 44.8 49.2 51.5 47.9 45.7 44.5 47.9 

Tawriffic TT 45.4 47.4 48.9 50.5 44.5 48.7 50.1 48.1 45.4 45 47.4 

Thumper TT 45.8 46.1 49.3 51.5 42.2 50.4 50.5 46.5 45.9 45 47.3 

SARDI 

> sowing the seeds of success! 

Need advice choosing 

a crop variety? 

Advice is available from the 

SARDI New Variety Agronomy Staff 

ENQUIRIES TO> 

resistance rating R (P). Tested in NVT 

trials in 2011 for the first time. Developed 

by Nuseed, grown under contract with a 

premium to Nuseed Crop Network. 

Rob Wheeler on 8303 9480 or visit www.sardi.sa.gov.au

Lupin variety sowing guide 2012 

By Andrew Ware, SARDI, Port Lincoln, 

and Wayne Hawthorne, Pulse Australia, 

Naracoorte 

Narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus 

angustifolius) are well suited 

to acid and sandy soils, and 

continue to be grown in suitable areas as 

a key component of the farming system. 

A good season in the eastern states in 

2010 has reduced domestic demand for 

SA lupins. 

Further to this, an anticipated good 

Western Australian crop in 2011 will also 

reduce the demand for lupins into the 

export market. This is expected to result 

in a significant carry-over of lupin stock 

from the 2010 harvest within both the 

South Australian storage and handling 

system and in on farm storage. 

For producers wanting to sell into 

Victorian and NSW markets they must 

satisfy anthracnose freedom, market 

access and transporting protocols. The 

rules have not changed for some years 

now. 

Anthracnose grain tests are the 

most common means of identifying 

anthracnose freedom for marketing. 

Paddock inspection for anthracnose 

freedom is usually the cheaper option 

per tonne of grain produced, but 

unfortunately this option is still not 

available to Eyre Peninsula lupin growers. 

To establish eligibility for paddock 

inspection, sowing seed needs to have 

been tested for anthracnose. This is also 

a sound disease management strategy 

elsewhere. 

Seed quality and emergence issues 

Wet conditions during the 2010 harvest 

meant that much of the lupin grain 

retained to be used as seed 2011 suffered 

with extremely poor germination and 

vigour. 

This was particularly prevalent with 

Mandelup, resulting in significant areas 

having to be resown. Germination and 

vigour tests can prove invaluable in 

helping to identify potential 

problems. 

Germination and seed size 

tests will allow growers to adjust 

sowing rates for a target plant 

density of 45 to 60 plants per m 2 . 

Grazing of lupin stubbles 

Lupin stubbles can provide 

a high value feed source 

to livestock, however in recent years a 

number of growers have lost significant 

stock numbers to lupinosis. 

This livestock health problem occurs as 

a result of toxins being produced from 

the phomopsis fungus that develops in 

the lupin stem as the plant matures. 

All current varieties have a reasonable 

level of resistance that slows the 

development of the phomopsis fungus. 

However, when significant rain occurs 

while the crop matures and afterwards, 

fungal development can still occur. 

Care must be taken in grazing lupin 

stubbles and it may advisable not to graze 

some paddocks at all given wet conditions 

at and after harvest. 

Lupin paddocks should be grazed at the 

first opportunity after harvest. Stock must 

have access to a good quality water supply. 

Older stock are less affected than young 

stock. 

Bulky crops and crop topping both aid 

the development of the fungus and can 

increase risk of lupinosis occurring. 

Tight lupin rotations also increase the 

risk. 

Herbicide issues 

Table 1. Narrow-leafed lupin variety sowing guide 

2012. 

Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall) 

Low Medium High 

< 375 mm 375-500 mm > 500 mm 

MandelupA Mandelup A JenabillupA JenabillupA JenabillupA MandelupA WongaA Jindalee A JindaleeA Andrew Ware 

A combination of metribuzin 

and diflufenican post-emergence 

herbicides is registered in WA 

only, for use on specific varieties. 

This provides growers with 

useful options to control wild 

radish and other post-emergent 

weeds in lupin crops. In SA, 

metribuzin is not registered for 

either pre- or post-emergent 

application. Trial work in being 

conducted to obtain data to help any 

permit applications to APVMA for its 

potential use in SA. 

Current varieties vary in there tolerance 

to metribuzin with Mandelup listed in 

WA as being more tolerant, as are the 

next potential variety releases. Jenabillup, 

Wonga, Jindalee and Moonah are 

generally not rated as tolerant of post 

emergent metribuzin. 

Variety performance 

The longer growing season in 2010 

favoured Jenabillup and as such was 

the highest yielding variety in breeding 

and NVT trials across South Australia in 

2010, eclipsing Mandelup yields by 7%. 

Jenabillup has an extended flowering 

period that was able to capitalise on the 

longer growing season in 2010. 

The growing season in 2010 was 

thought to be ideal for late flowering 

variety Jindalee, but harvest results 

proved otherwise. 

Jindalee averaged only 81% of the 

site mean across all SA sites and was 

consistently was the poorest performer of 

all lines evaluated. 

Notes on narrow-leafed lupin 

varieties 

New Variety 

PBA Gunyidi A 

PBA Gunyidi (tested as WALAN2289) 

was released in WA in September 2011. 

Seed is available to Western Australian 

growers in 2012 and to eastern states 

31

32 

Table 2. Agronomic features of narrow-leafed lupin varieties. 

Variety Flowering Height Early 

vigour 

growers in 2013. PBA Gunyidi has 

been released as a potential Mandelup 

replacement that improves on Mandelup 

by having more shatter resistant pods. 

This will give growers the option of 

being able to harvest later without 

incurring significant losses. 

PBA Gunyidi is moderately resistant to 

anthracnose and resistant to phomopsis. 

It flowers and matures early and is 

resistant to Metribuzin herbicide, 

but more susceptible to damage from 

Eclipse ® . 

In three years of evaluation in South 

Australia PBA Gunyidi has yielded 1% 

higher than Mandelup across the state, 

with the Upper Eyre Peninsula showing 

the highest yield advantage. Seed will be 

available through SeedNet. 

Current Varieties 

Coromup A 

A decision on whether to release 

Coromup in the eastern states is still to 

be made, but at this stage is unlikely. 

Coromup was released in WA in 2006 for 

medium and low rainfall zones. 

It is a high quality narrow-leafed lupin, 

having large and uniform seeds with 

high protein, hence it has excellent 

attributes for de-hulling, and producing 

high protein kernel meal for developing 

premium feed markets. 

Coromup is early maturing and has a 

good disease resistance profile that 

includes anthracnose and phomopsis 

stem blight. 

Coromup has tolerance to metribuzin 

similar to Mandelup. In WA it is being 

promoted for its high quality (i.e. high 

protein) rather than its yields. 

In the absence of bonus payments for 

its higher protein, the main role for 

Coromup may be for on-farm feed use. 

Coromup averaged only 94% to 98% of 

Mandelup in NVT testing in SA. 

Lodging Pod loss/ 

shatter 

Anthracnose 

Brown 

leaf spot 

Pleio 

root rot 

Jenabillup A 

Jenabillup has been extensively trailed 

in SA for five years with a long term 

average 1% higher than Mandelup across 

all South Australian sites. 

It typically has an advantage over 

Mandelup at the longer growing season 

sites such as Wanilla on Lower EP and the 

South East sites. 

Jenabillup flowers slightly later and 

for a longer period than Mandelup, 

making it less suitable to crop topping. 

Jenabillup does have resistance to black 

pod syndrome, although rarely seen in 

South Australia. 

Jenabillup does not have tolerance 

to metribuzin herbicide. It has a low 

anthracnose rating (MS), similar to 

Merrit. Jenabillup was first available to 

South Australian growers in 2011 and 

seed is available through Viterra Seeds. 

Jindalee A 

Jindalee is the latest flowering and 

maturing variety currently available. It 

particularly suits early sowing in higher 

rainfall districts where its vernalisation 

(cold requirement) prevents it from 

flowering too early. 

It is well suited to situations of bulky 

dense canopies that would otherwise 

lead to poor pod set in other varieties. 

Jindalee can also benefit from late spring 

rains. 

Its long-term yield performance is 

behind Mandelup across all districts in 

SA. Jindalee’s anthracnose rating is MS, 

slightly less susceptible than Merrit. 

This level of anthracnose resistance is 

generally adequate though, if combined 

with seed testing, paddock monitoring 

and sound crop hygiene management. 

Jindalee is moderately tall and vigorous, 

is resistant to phomopsis and has 

improved brown leaf spot resistance over 

Merrit. 

In SA it appears to have improved 

CMV on 

seed 

Phomopsis 

on stem 

Phomopsis 

on pod/seed 

Coromup A Early Tall Med MS R MR MS R MR R R T 

Jenabillup A Early Tall Med MS R MS R R MR MS R T 

Jindalee A Late Tall Med MR R MS MR MR MS R R MI 

Mandelup A V early Tall Fast MS MR MR MS R MR R R T 

PBA Gunyidi A V early Med Fast MR R MR/R MS R MR/R R R T 

Wonga A Early Med Med MR MS R MS S R MR S MS 

R = Resistant; MR = Moderately resistant; MS = Moderately susceptible; S = Susceptible; VS = Very susceptible. T = Tolerant; I = Intolerant. 

Drought 

tolerance 

resistance to root rots and premature 

wilting that occurs on duplex soils with 

shallow underlying clay. 

Jindalee has speckled seed and medium 

seed alkaloid levels. Seed is available 

through SeedNet. 

Mandelup A 

Mandelup has established itself as a 

leading variety in SA (table 3). 

It is a tall variety, with good early vigour 

and very early flowering and maturity, 

making it well-suited to low to medium 

rainfall districts in SA, but still yields well 

in higher rainfall areas. 

Its early maturity makes it suitable for 

crop topping, with careful attention to 

correct timing. 

Mandelup’s wide adaptation has seen it 

perform well over a range of seasons. 

It consistently yields around 8% 

better than Wonga and Moonah across 

SA. In addition to its yield advantages, 

Mandelup has moderate anthracnose 

resistance, slightly less than Wonga. 

It is resistant to phomopsis stem blight 

and to aphids and moderately resistant to 

CMV seed transmission. It is moderately 

susceptible to brown leaf spot, similar to 

Merrit. 

It does however suffer from some pod 

loss with delayed harvest, and seed quality 

can suffer with a wet harvest. 

A possible weakness in higher rainfall 

districts is its poorer stem strength and 

potential lodging, although this has not 

been observed at well grown, wetter sites 

in recent years. 

Seed of Mandelup is available in SA 

through Seedmark. 

Wonga A 

Wonga is an early flowering, high 

yielding lupin released from NSW. It is 

moderately tall and vigorous and stands 

erect. 

Wonga is resistant to anthracnose,

Table 3. Predicted yield of lupin varieties is SA by region, as a % Mandelup 

Variety LOWER EP UPPER EP MID NORTH MALLEE SOUTH EAST 

% of No. % of No. % of No. % of No. % of No. 

Site Mean Trials Site Mean Trials Site Mean Trials Site Mean Trials Site Mean Trials 

Coromup 96 11 96 4 97 6 92 6 95 18 

Jenabillup 102 9 102 3 101 5 98 5 101 14 

Jindalee 84 12 90 4 90 6 89 6 87 19 

Mandelup 100 12 100 4 100 6 100 6 100 19 

PBA Gunyidi 102 5 103 2 102 3 100 6 99 11 

Wonga 91 11 94 4 88 6 90 6 88 18 

Manelup 

(t/ha) 

1.99 2.13 1.81 1.36 1.99 

Data source: SARDI/GRDC & NVT. 2004-2010 MET data analysis by National Statistics Program. 

the best of the commercially available 

varieties (along with Tanjil). 

It has moderate resistance to 

phomopsis and improved brown leaf spot 

resistance over Merrit. 

Wonga has speckled seed and medium 

seed alkaloid levels - slightly higher than 

Merrit. It appears to mature more 

slowly than Merrit. Wonga has moderate 

resistance to premature wilting on duplex 

soils with shallow underlying clay. 

Wonga is suited to most areas of SA, 

and remains the best option currently 

available to SA growers wanting high 

levels of anthracnose resistance. 

Acknowledgements: Bevan Buirchell & Pulse 

Breeding Australia national lupin breeding 

program. 

33

34 

Oat variety sowing guide 2012 

By Pamela Zwer, Principal Oat Breeder, Sue 

Hoppo, Research Scientist, Peter McCormack, 

Manager Oat Improvement, Peter Wheeler 

and Marcus Crawford, Agricultural Officers, 

Oat Breeding, Paul Telfer, Research Officer, 

Oat Breeding, KerryLee McMurray, Technical 

Officer, Oat Breeding and Michelle Williams, 

Research Officer, Oat Quality Laboratory, 

SARDI 

The oat variety descriptions in this 

publication serve as a guide to 

select oat varieties for specific end 

uses with disease resistance, agronomic 

traits, and yield potential suited to diverse 

south eastern Australian farming systems. 

New for 2012 

�� A released by SARDI, 

commercialised by Viterra 

�� A released by SARDI, 

commercialised by AEXCO Pty Ltd 

How to use the oat variety 

sowing guide 

Varieties adapted to low, medium, and 

high rainfall regions and categorised by 

grain and hay end-use are shown in Table 

1. Select the group of varieties suited to 

your rainfall region and end use. Consult 

Tables 2 to 7 to refine the list to one or 

two varieties. Consult Tables 2 and 3 for 

hay and grain production comparisons, 

Table 4 for agronomic features, Table 

5 for disease resistance, Table 6 for 

grain quality and Table 7 for hay quality. 

Certain varieties are preferred for 

particular end-uses, so check with hay 

processors and millers prior to variety 

selection. 

Is cereal cyst or stem nematode a 

production contraint? 

Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) and stem 

nematode (SN) are major soil-borne 

diseases limiting the yield of oats in 

certain areas of southern Australia. Due 

to the significant effect of CCN and SN 

on varietal performance, soil testing is 

recommended to assess if either of these 

nematodes will be a significant problem. 

The PreDicta B Root Disease 

Testing Service (RDTS) provides 

a diagnostic service to assess the 

levels of both nematodes prior 

to sowing. This is available 

through your local accredited 

agronomist or contact Alan 

Mackay (SARDI Plant and Soil 

Health ph. 8303 9375) for your 

local accredited agronomist. 

Varieties contained in Table 1 provide 

options for different end uses. Table 

5 should then be used in conjunction 

with this table to determine if the 

Sue Hoppo 

variety of choice has both 

resistance and tolerance to CCN 

if it is a problem or resistance 

and tolerance to SN if it is a 

problem. Varieties grown where 

CCN or SN is present should 

be resistant to the particular 

nematode which is a problem 

so that multiplication of the 

nematode is limited. The variety should 

also be tolerant so that it yields well in 

the presence of the nematode. Yield 

penalties of up to 80% can occur if an 

intolerant variety is sown in a paddock 

Table 1. Oat varieties listed according to annual rainfall. Use Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 to further refine your choice 

within each category. 

Annual Rainfall (mm) 

End use 500 

Milling grain 

Feed grainsheep, 

cattle 

Feed grain - pigs, 

poultry 

Oat hay 

Hay and 

legume mixes 

Mitika Mitika Mitika 

Yallara Yallara Yallara 

Wombat Wombat Wombat 

Possum Possum 

Mitika Mitika Mitika 

Yallara Yallara Yallara 

Wintaroo Wintaroo Wintaroo 

Mulgara Mulgara Mulgara 

Wombat Quoll Quoll 

Potoroo Wombat Wombat 

Echidna Potoroo Potoroo 

Wallaroo Echidna Echidna 

- Numbat Numbat 

Wallaroo Wintaroo Forester 

Brusher Mulgara Tammar 

Mulgara Tammar Tungoo 

Wintaroo Tungoo Glider 

Kangaroo Kangaroo 

Brusher Brusher 

Mulgara 

Wintaroo 

Wallaroo Wintaroo Forester 

Brusher Tammar Tammar 

Mulgara Tungoo Tungoo 

Wintaroo Kangaroo Glider 

Yallara Brusher 

Potoroo 

Kangaroo

where CCN or SN is a problem. 

There are now twelve varieties resistant 

to CCN (Table 5) and nine of these are 

also tolerant: Wombat, Tammar, Mulgara, 

Tungoo, Kangaroo, Wintaroo, Marloo, 

Wallaroo and Potoroo are all varieties 

with both CCN resistance and tolerance. 

The remaining three resistant varieties, 

Yallara, Brusher and Euro are intolerant. 

There are eight varieties tolerant to stem 

nematode. These are Wombat, Tammar, 

Mulgara, Tungoo, Wintaroo, Glider, 

Quoll and Echidna. 

All of these are rated as resistant 

or moderately resistant to SN except 

Echidna which is rated as moderately 

susceptible. Kangaroo, Potoroo, Marloo 

and Wallaroo are intermediate in their 

reaction to SN. In cold wet seasonal 

conditions these varieties may suffer 

more yield loss than in warmer, drier 

winter conditions. 

Is leaf disease a production 

constraint? 

Resistance to leaf diseases is important 

in most environments. However, even 

though varieties are listed as resistant 

to stem and leaf rust, changes in rust 

pathotypes can occur. Monitoring of 

disease levels and application of fungicide 

may still be required. Table 1 should be 

used to determine the variety options 

available for a particular end use. Next, 

Table 5 should be used to further refine 

your choice. 

For example, if a variety for oat hay is 

required in a high rainfall environment, 

Forester, Tammar, Tungoo, Mulgara, 

Kangaroo, Brusher, Wintaroo and Glider 

are suitable (Table 1). Table 3 indicates 

that Wintaroo is the highest yielding 

variety for hay in this environment. 

However, using Table 5 Forester, Tammar, 

Tungoo, Mulgara, Kangaroo, Brusher and 

Glider have better resistance to both stem 

and leaf rust. 

These varieties also vary in their level 

of resistance to septoria, barley yellow 

dwarf virus (BYDV), bacterial blight 

and red leather leaf which may be also 

be important. Table 4 should then be 

used to determine if the variety selected 

matures at the time required. 

Is milling quality required? 

The probability of a variety meeting the 

classification criteria for milling grade 

is an important consideration when 

selecting a variety for milling end-use. 

This is greatly influenced by seasonal 

Table 2. Seven year (2004-2010) average grain yield of oat varieties tested in grain trials. 

Potential yield no. trials 

1.0 t/ha 2.5 t/ha 4.0 t/ha 

Semi-dwarf (husked) 

Echidna 1.0 2.7 4.4 71 

Mitika 1.1 2.7 4.3 88 

Possum 1.0 2.7 4.3 88 

Potoroo 1.1 2.7 4.3 86 

Quoll 1.1 2.7 4.4 61 

Wombat 

Semi-dwarf (naked) 

1.0 2.7 4.4 45 

Numbat 

Tall (husked) 

0.7 1.8 2.8 42 

Euro 1.0 2.5 4.1 85 

Mortlock 0.9 2.2 3.6 70 

Yallara 1.0 2.5 4.0 88 

Table 3. Six year average hay (2005-2010) and grain (2005-2010) production of oat varieties tested in hay trials 

Hay yield (t/ha) Grain yield (t/ha) 

Rainfall zone Rainfall zone 

500mm 500mm 

Brusher 6.1 8.8 13.0 1.8 2.8 3.2 

Kangaroo 6.0 8.5 13.4 1.8 2.6 3.1 

Mulgara 6.3 8.7 13.5 1.8 2.8 3.1 

Tammar 5.9 8.2 14.0 1.8 2.6 3.2 

Tungoo 6.2 8.2 13.8 1.5 2.2 2.7 

Wallaroo 5.4 8.3 12.1 1.8 2.8 3.1 

Wintaroo 6.5 9.3 14.5 1.9 2.9 3.3 

Yallara 5.5 8.3 12.2 1.9 2.9 3.4 

No. trials 10 25 3 17 30 10 

Tall (husked) - late hay trial series 

Forester - 6.1 12.9 1.0 1.3 2.0 

Glider - 7.8 11.1 1.3 1.9 2.5 

No. trials - 6 10 3 11 14 

conditions. Premium milling varieties 

such as Yallara, Mitika, Possum, Wombat, 

Euro and Mortlock, will reach the 

classification criteria for milling grade 

more often than other varieties such as 

Echidna (Table 6). 

Although some varieties are not 

considered milling class, they may reach 

milling grade criteria, but would not be 

accepted for milling. 

It is imperative that you check with your 

miller about the quality standards and 

varieties that are accepted for milling 

before you sow a grain crop. 

To select a variety for milling grain in 

medium to high rainfall zones where 

CCN is not a problem, you have the 

choice of Yallara, Mitika, Possum, Euro, 

Echidna and Mortlock (Table 1). Table 

2 shows the relative yield and Table 6 the 

relative grain quality for each of these 

varieties. Using this information, choose 

a variety that suits your end use based 

on whether yield or quality is a priority. 

Table 4 should also be used to determine 

if the variety selected matures at the time 

required. For the first time there is a 

choice for milling grain where CCN is a 

problem. 

If export hay quality is required 

Hay quality is essential to meet export 

hay standards. It is greatly influenced 

by seasonal and nutritional conditions, 

however, some varieties are more likely 

to produce hay of a higher quality than 

others. 

It is imperative that you check with your 

hay processor about the quality standards 

required to make export grade quality 

hay before you sow a hay crop. Use Table 

7 to refine your choice after first ensuring 

35

36 

that the criteria in Tables 1, 4 and 5 are 

met for your situation. 

Oats for grazing 

This guide contains no guidelines for 

oats suited to grazing plus feed grain 

production and repeated grazing from 

early sowing. A more comprehensive 

guide for grazing varieties is contained 

in the Winter Crop Variety Sowing Guide 

produced annually by NSW DPI. Please 

contact the National Oat Breeding 

or New Variety Agronomy Groups for 

information on how to obtain a copy of 

this publication. 

Notes on recently released varieties 

Fact sheets or pamphlets describing 

all varieties released by the SA based 

National Oat Breeding Program are 

available from Primary Industries 

and Resources (PIRSA), the South 

Australian Research and Development 

Institute (SARDI), New Variety 

Agronomy Group or the SARDI website 

(www.sardi.sa.gov.au). 

Milling varieties 

Wombat A 

Wombat (tested as SV97181-12) is a 

dwarf potential milling variety that will 

be commercialised by Viterra in 2012. It 

is similar in height to Possum and slightly 

taller than Mitika. It is a midseason 

variety flowering about six days later than 

Mitika. 

Wombat is the first dwarf milling variety 

with CCN resistance and tolerance. It is 

also moderately tolerant and moderately 

resistant to stem nematode. It has 

improved BYDV resistance compared 

to other dwarf varieties and improved 

bacterial blight resistance compared to 

other dwarf varieties except Mitika. 

Wombat has high hectolitre weight 

and low screenings compared to the 

feed variety Potoroo, which was the first 

dwarf variety with CCN resistance and 

tolerance. It also has high groat percent, 

slightly higher than Mitika. Wombat 

can have slightly higher screenings than 

Mitika, Yallara and Possum depending 

on seasonal conditions. Wombat will 

develop leaf reddening symptoms similar 

to Mitika and Possum post flowering. This 

does not affect grain yield or quality. 

Yallara A 

Yallara is a medium-tall milling 

oat variety developed by SARDI and 

commercialised by Viterra in 2009. 

Yallara is a backcross line using Euro as 

the recurrent parent and a North Dakota 

line as the source of rust resistance. It 

is moderately resistant to stem rust and 

resistant to leaf rust. Long term yield 

of this variety is a 2% improvement 

compared to Euro. However, yield 

increases of between 40 and 100% have 

been recorded for varieties with stem rust 

resistance similar to Yallara in years where 

stem rust is yield limiting. 

Yallara is slightly taller than Euro and 

2 days earlier to head. It has premium 

oat quality and averages higher hectolitre 

weight and groat percent and lower 

screenings percent than Euro, Mitika, 

Possum and Wombat. 

Yallara is an improvement compared 

to Euro for bacterial blight resistance. 

Like Euro, Yallara is resistant to CCN 

but intolerant, moderately susceptible 

to septoria and red leather leaf and 

intolerant to stem nematode. 

Yallara is recommended to replace Euro 

Table 4. Agronomic features of varieties. 

Variety Early 

vigour 


Plant 

height 

in all areas but particularly where stem 

and leaf rust can be yield limiting. In 

addition, Yallara has bright grain and 

high grain digestibility making it suitable 

for the horse racing industry. Based on 

herbicide tolerance trials conducted 

by the SARDI New Variety Agronomy 

Group, Yallara is particularly sensitive 

to applications of Banvel-M®. For 

more information about the herbicide 

tolerance of Yallara go to www.nvtonline. 

com.au. 

Mitika A 

Mitika is an early maturing dwarf 

milling oat developed by SARDI and 

commercialised by Seedmark (formerly 

Plant Tech) in 2006. It is resistant to leaf 

rust and moderately resistant to stem rust 

and bacterial blight. However, Mitika is 

susceptible to CCN, BYDV, septoria and 

red leather leaf and intolerant to CCN 

and stem nematode. 

Mitika is a milling quality oat with 

high hectolitre and grain weight, low 

Heading Maturity Shattering 

resistance 

Standing 

ability 

Echidna G D EM EM R R 

Mitika G D E E R R 

Possum G D EM EM R R 

Potoroo G TD E E MR MR 

Quoll G TD EM EM R R 

Wombat 


G D EM EM R R 

Numbat 

Tall (husked) 

MG D EM EM MR R 

Brusher MG T E EM MS R 

Euro G ST EM EM R R 

Forester VG MT VL VL R R 

Glider P MT L L MS MR 

Kangaroo MG MT ML ML MS R 

Mortlock G MT EM EM R R 

Mulgara MG T EM EM MR MR 

Tammar M MT LM LM MS R 

Tungoo MP MT ML ML MS MS 

Wallaroo G MT E E MS MS 

Wintaroo M T M EM MS MR 

Yallara VG MT EM EM MR R 

Value for trait: Early vigour: G=good, M=moderate, P=poor, VG=very good, MG = moderately good, MP = 

moderately poor 

Plant height: D = dwarf, TD = tall dwarf, T = tall, ST = short tall, MT = moderate tall 

Heading and maturity: E = early, EM = early mid, M= mid season, ML = mid late season, LM = late mid season, 

L= late, VL=very late 

Shattering and standing ability: R = resistant, S = susceptible, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately 

susceptible

screenings percent and moderately high 

groat percent. It is also a high feed value 

oat with low hull lignin and high grain 

digestibility. Mitika averages higher levels 

of Beta-glucan than Possum, Yallara and 

Euro. It is an improvement compared 

to Possum for grain yield in low rainfall 

areas. It is recommended for all 

rainfall zones but its early maturity suits 

low rainfall areas where CCN or stem 

nematode is not a problem. 

Possum A 

Possum is an early-mid season 

dwarf milling grain oat developed 

by SARDI and released in 2003. It 

was commercialised by AWB and is 

recommended for milling grain in 

medium and high rainfall areas. Possum 

has similar yield and grain quality to 

Mitika with lower oil content. Betaglucan 

levels average slightly lower than 

Mitika, and are similar to Echidna and 

higher than Euro. Possum is moderately 

susceptible to stem rust, leaf rust and 

septoria, susceptible to red leather 

leaf and susceptible to BYDV, bacterial 

blight and CCN. It is intolerant to both 

CCN and stem nematode and is not 

recommended for areas where either 

nematode is yield limiting. 

Hay varieties 

Forester A 

Forester (evaluated as SV97200-3)is a 

new variety release for 2012. Forester is 

a very late hay variety adapted to high 

rainfall and irrigated cropping regions. 

It is seven to 10 days later than Glider, 

three days later than Riel, two days later 

than Targa, and three weeks later than 

Wintaroo. Forester has excellent early 

vigour and is an improvement compared 

to Glider. It has excellent lodging and 

shattering resistance. 

Forester has an excellent foliar disease 

resistance spectrum. It is moderately 

susceptible to CCN. It has good hay 

colour, but like all late hay varieties may 

not resist hot dry winds as well as earlier 

varieties. Forester has excellent hay 

quality and is an improvement compared 

to Glider, Tammar, Targa, and Vasse, but 

similar to Riel. 

Seed of Forester will be available from 

AEXCO in 2012. 

Tammar A 

Tammar is a new late tall hay oat variety 

later in cutting time to Kangaroo and 

Table 5. Disease resistance of oat varieties - field reactions. 

Colour key: Green is a good choice, yellow use caution and red either do not use or develop a management 

package if this disease is yield limiting in your environment 

Variety Rust Barley 

yellow 

dwarf 

virus1 Semi-dwarf (husked) 

stem leaf resistance 

Tungoo but not as late as Glider. It is 

available to growers through AEXCO Pty 

Ltd. Tammar has excellent hay colour 

and resists brown leaf at hay cutting. 

Hay yields are slightly lower than 

Wintaroo and similar to Tungoo and 

Kangaroo. Grain yield is better than 

Kangaroo, Tungoo, Glider and Riel. 

Hay quality is better than Kangaroo and 

similar to Tungoo and Wintaroo. Hay 

digestibility and ADF are better than 

Tungoo and Wintaroo. 

Tammar is moderately resistant 

and moderately tolerant to CCN and 

resistant and moderately tolerant to SN. 

Tammar has an excellent foliar disease 

resistance profile and is an improvement 

compared to Tungoo for stem rust 

resistance. Tammar is similar in height to 

Kangaroo, Tungoo and Wintaroo and has 

better lodging resistance than Tungoo, 

Wintaroo, Glider and Riel. Tammar has 

better early vigour than Tungoo and 

Glider. Tammar has grain quality similar 

CCN Stem 

nematode 

tolerance 

resistance 

tolerance 

Septoria Bacterial 

blight 

Red 

leather 

leaf 

Echidna S S MS S I MS MT S S MS 

Mitika MR R S VS I S I S MR MS 

Possum MS MS S VS I S I MS S MS-S 

Potoroo S S MS R T S MI S VS S-VS 

Quoll MR MR MS S I R MT MR MS MS 

Wombat MS-S MS MR R MT MR MT MS MR-MS MS 


Numbat 

Tall (husked) 

MR R S S I S I MR S MS 

Brusher MS R MS R MI MS I MS MR-MS MR-MS 

Euro VS S MR-MS R I S I MS MS MS 

Forester R MR-MS MR-S MS MI S I MR MS-S R-MR 

Glider MR R S-MR MS I R T R R R 

Kangaroo MS-S MR-MS MS R MT MS MI MR-MS MR-MS MS 

Mortlock MS S MS MS I S I MS MR MS 

Mulgara MS MR MS R MT R MT MS MR MS 

Tammar MR MR MS R MT R MT MR MR R-MS 

Tungoo MS MR MR-MS R MT R MT MR MR R 

Wallaroo S S MS R MT MS MI S S MS 

Wintaroo S MS MR-MS R MT R MT MR-MS MR-MS MS 

Yallara MR R MS R I S I MS MR-MS MS 

1Disease reactions to BYDV may vary with the strain of the virus. 

Key to symbols used: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MR = moderately 

resistant, R = resistant, VI= very intolerant, I = intolerant, MI = moderately intolerant, MT = moderately tolerant, 

T = tolerant, VT = very tolerant. 

to Tungoo and Kangaroo with slightly 

smaller grain weight and slightly more 

screenings. It has improved grain quality 

compared to Glider, Riel and Vasse. 

Tammar is recommended for medium 

and high rainfall zones and gives a 

slightly later option for cutting time than 

Tungoo and Kangaroo. 

Mulgara A 

Mulgara is a tall mid season hay oat 

similar in heading time and height to 

Wintaroo. It is available to growers 

through AEXCO Pty Ltd. 

Mulgara is an improvement compared 

to Wintaroo for resistance to stem 

rust and bacterial blight. It is also an 

improvement compared to Wintaroo for 

lodging and shattering resistance and 

early vigour. Hay yield is an improvement 

compared to Brusher but slightly lower 

than Wintaroo. Hay quality is similar 

to Wintaroo. Mulgara has excellent 

hay colour and resists brown leaf at hay 

37

38 

OUTBACK FORAGE OATS (Avena sativa) 

Outback oats (right) showing superior 

leaf width over Wintaroo oats (left). 

MATURITY MID-LATE 

MINIMUM RAINFALL 400 

SEEDING RATE KG/HA 

DRYLAND 60-80 

HIGH RAINFALL/IRRIGATION 80-120 

WINTAROO 0.84 

OUTBACK 1.02 22% INCREASE 

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 

Early vigour. Measurements taken around August 7th 

(around 64 days post sowing), depending on when plants 

reached at GS31, expressed in DM t/ha 

Yield Data, Pasture Genetics Naracoorte Trial Site, 2009 

Sown 4th June, 100kg/ha fertiliser at sowing, blend (N = 9.1, P = 13.2, 

K = 10, S = 8.9), 100kg/ha Urea late season. 

WINTAROO 9.8 

OUTBACK 12.7 30% INCREASE 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 

Total yield. Cuts taken at flowering in October (different 

dates due to different maturities, Wintaroo cut 15 days 

earlier), expressed in DM t/ha 

Forage Quality Data, Pasture Genetics Penfield Research Station, 2010 

Sown 30th July, 100kg/ha fertiliser at sowing, blend (N = 9.1, P = 13.2, K = 10, S = 8.9). 

Variety DM (%) 

Outback oats are derived from South African, Australian 

and North American hay and grazing oat germplasm. 

Outback is selected for adaptation to the Australian agricultural 

environment. 

Outback is primarily a forage oat, developed to produce a large 

bulk of quality forage in autumn and again in spring. 

Outback can be grown in all areas suitable for growing oats and 

provides consistent grazing, for all classes of livestock, over an 

extended period. Outback is a mid to late maturing oat with 

distinctive dark green and broad leaves. 

Outback oats provide higher yields of quality grazing throughout 

the critical autumn, winter and early spring grazing periods. 

Feed quality tests, samples taken around 30th July, when plants were at GS31 

Crude Protein 

(% of DM) 

NDF (% of DM) DMD (% 0f DM) ME (MJ/kg DM) 

Outback 12.7 30.1 38.4 88.7 13.6 

Wintaroo 12.8 31.7 39.1 87.1 13.4

cutting. Grain yield and quality is similar 

to Wintaroo with lower screenings, higher 

protein and groat percent. Mulgara has 

high grain hull lignin. 

Mulgara is recommended to replace 

Wintaroo in areas with stem nematode 

due to its higher level of resistance. In 

tests conducted over six years, Mulgara 

averaged 70 nematodes per plant 

compared to Wintaroo’s 1065. It is also 

recommended to replace Wintaroo where 

improved lodging resistance, stem rust, or 

bacterial blight resistance is required. 

Tungoo A 

Tungoo is a medium tall mid to late 

season hay variety similar in heading date 

to Kangaroo. Seed of this line is available 

to growers through AEXCO Pty Ltd. 

Tungoo has an excellent disease 

resistance profile and resists leaf 

browning from hot dry winds. It 

combines resistance and moderate 

tolerance to CCN and SN. Levels of 

stem nematode resistance are similar to 

Glider and an improvement compared to 

Wintaroo. 

Tested over six years, Tungoo averaged 

24 nematodes per plant compared to 

Wintaroo’s 1065. 

Tungoo is also resistant to leaf rust and 

red leather leaf, moderately resistant to 

BYDV, septoria, and bacterial blight and 

moderately susceptible to stem rust. 

Hay yield is similar to Kangaroo but 

grain yield and quality is similar to Glider. 

Hay digestibility is similar to Wintaroo 

(better than Kangaroo), although it 

tends to be higher in NDF and lower in 

WSC than Wintaroo but an improvement 

compared to Kangaroo. 

Early vigour is an improvement 

compared to Glider, but not as good as 

Kangaroo. It has moderately low hull 

lignin. 

Brusher A 

Brusher is an early-mid season tall oat 

developed by SARDI and commercialised 

by AEXCO Pty Ltd in 2003. It is two to 

four days earlier to head than Wintaroo 

and this suits it well to low rainfall areas. 

Although Brusher has inferior hay 

yield when compared to Wintaroo it is 

recommended to replace this variety 

where improved resistance to stem 

and leaf rust or improved hay quality is 

desired. 

Grain yield and grain quality is similar 

to Wintaroo, Wallaroo and Kangaroo 

with higher grain protein. Brusher is 

Table 6. Grain quality comparisons. 

Variety Hectolitre 

Weight 

(kg/hl) 


Screenings 

40 

Chickpea variety sowing guide 2012 

By Larn McMurray Research Scientist SARDI 

& Kristy Hobson PBA Chickpea Breeder NSW 

DPI 

Two new desi chickpea varieties 

developed by PBA and licensed 

to Seed Net were released in 

2011 for northern Australian growers 

but are poorly suited to South Australian 

chickpea growing environments. 

PBA Pistol is a high yielding early 

maturing desi variety with high 

susceptibility to ascochyta blight (AB) 

released for central Queensland where 

this disease is not considered a major 

limitation to production. 

PBA Boundary is a high yielding 

alternative to PBA HatTrick for northern 

NSW and Southern Queensland 

growers which is late maturing in South 

Australian environments. 

The medium to large seeded kabuli type 

varieties Genesis 114 and Genesis 

115 are suited to southern Australia and 

available through Australian Agricultural 

Crop Technologies. 

They both have moderate foliar 

resistance to AB and provide kabuli 

growers with alternatives to Almaz but 

like this variety will still require a strategic 

fungicide strategy to control this disease. 

Both varieties have similar but generally 

higher yields in southern Australia than 

Almaz but lower yield than the smaller 

seeded Genesis 090. 

These medium to large seeded types 

have improved foliar AB resistance over 

the older variety Kaniva, and will improve 

returns to some growers in favourable 

environments. 

However, they will require foliar 

fungicides to be applied strategically 

prior to flowering along with sprays 

during the flowering and podding stages 

(likely to be 3-4 per season). 

The smaller seeded kabuli varieties 

Genesis 090 and Genesis 079 have 

foliar resistance to AB and only require 

foliar fungicides at the onset of podding. 

They are also higher yielding than the 

medium to larger seeded types but will 

not attract the higher prices of 

the larger seeded types. Growers 

still need to be aware that all 

current kabuli varieties do have 

some limitations in agronomic 

adaptation and marketability and 

will not be suited to all areas or 

all situations. 

PBA Slasher continues to 

provide chickpea growers with a 

desi chickpea variety that combines foliar 

AB resistance, high yield and good seed 

quality. 

It has a greater than 10% long term 

yield advantage in all districts of SA over 

the small seeded kabuli type Genesis 090 

providing a high yielding desi option with 

alternative marketing. 

PBA Slasher has medium sized desi tanbrown 

coloured seed that is suitable for 

both the split and whole seed markets 

as it has improved seed size and colour 

over varieties like Genesis 509 which 

are only likely to be suited for split seed 

markets. 

PBA Slasher has very good foliage 

resistance to AB and will only require 

fungicide application from the start of 

podding to prevent seed infection. 

Like all current chickpea varieties 

PBA Slasher is susceptible to botrytis 

grey mould (BGM) and will require a 

preventive fungicide spray at the canopy 

closure stage and potentially additional 

sprays in favourable growing seasons in 

BGM prone areas. 

Larn McMurray 

Selection Criteria 

The list of suggested varieties 

for 2011 is shown in Table 1. A 

large range of variety choice is 

now available offering growers 

the opportunity to exploit 

particular management and or 

market opportunities. 

However all current varieties 

still have limitations which 

growers need to know and manage. 

Information on key selection criteria 

and yield for each variety can be found 

in Tables 2, 3 and 4. When selecting a 

chickpea type and variety to grow, 

growers need to make their decision on 

the basis of AB resistance, yield, price, 

marketability and availability of likely 

target markets. 

Other agronomic traits such as 

susceptibility to cold tolerance, root 

lesion nematode susceptibility, maturity 

and lodging resistance need to be 

considered also. 

When comparing yields, growers 

need to bear in mind that under high 

AB pressure, varieties with moderate 

resistance or less may suffer greater yield 

losses than the more resistant lines even 

with the application of foliar fungicides. 

Larger seeded kabuli varieties generally 

yield 15 to 25% lower than desi types 

and the smaller seeded varieties generally 

yield similar but some can be up to 10% 

lower than PBA Slasher and also will 

not attract the high prices of the larger 

Table 1. Chickpea variety sowing guide 2012. 

Seed type Below 400 

Rainfall zones (mm) 

400–450 450–500 Above 500 

Desi PBA Slasher PBA Slasher PBA Slasher PBA Slasher 

Genesis 509 Genesis 509 Genesis 509 Genesis 509 

Small kabuli Genesis 079^ Genesis 090^ Genesis 090^ Genesis 090^ 

Genesis 090^ Genesis 079^ Genesis 079^ 

Medium/large kabuli Large seed sizes unlikely Genesis 114* Genesis 114* Genesis 114* 

to be achieved in these Genesis115* Genesis115* Genesis115* 

environments 

Almaz* 

Almaz* 

Almaz* 

* = moderately resistant to moderately resistant/moderately susceptible varieties, likely to require 3-4 fungicide 

sprays to successfully grow in SA 

^ = small seeded type will not attract price premium for large seeded kabuli types

Table 2. Agronomic features of chickpea varieties. 

Variety Early 

vigour 

seeded kabuli types. 

The major price difference is between 

the desi and kabuli types, but small 

differences do exist between varieties 

based on seed size, appearance and 

marketability (Table 2). 

Chickpea types 

Flowering Seed size 

g/100 

seeds 

Desi types 

Larger seeds are preferred for desi 

types, regardless of whether they are 

used for splitting or whole seed end use. 

There has been an increasing use of large 

whole seeded desi types in a range of 

food preparations in the sub continent 

and a small premium has been available 

for types fitting this use. 

Genesis 509 has quality of older desi 

chickpea types like Tyson and is suited 

to splitting markets and hence is unlikely 

to achieve the prices of larger more 

attractive seed types such as the northern 

region varieties Jimbour and Kyabra. 

PBA Slasher has improved quality 

characteristics over Genesis 509 and is 

suited for both the whole and split 

markets. 

Small kabuli types 

Genesis 090 is a 7–8mm seeded kabuli 

variety suited to bulk kabuli markets. 

Markets for these smaller kabuli grades 

have historically not been supplied by 

Australia and are still being developed 

but prices are expected to be at least that 

of desi’s and generally slightly higher. 

However growers need to be aware 

that while these markets are still being 

developed, they may have to store or hold 

Seed 

colour 

Market type 

suitability 

Height Ascochyta 

blight 

foliage 

seed from time to time as the marketing 

opportunities are not always available or 

maybe limited in terms of size and price. 

Seed size is smaller than Kaniva, Almaz 

and Genesis 114 so it will not attract the 

high prices of larger seeded kabuli types. 

A number of marketers have expressed 

interest in Genesis 090 and have 

indicated the potential for a premium 

over the desi prices. 

Further premiums may be obtained 

by selling the seed for size. Genesis 079 

produces predominantly 6-7mm seed for 

the bulk small kabuli markets and its fit 

will be guided by the success of Genesis 

090. 

Medium-large kabuli types 

Almaz, Genesis 114 and Genesis 115 

produce predominantly 8 to 10mm 

seed for traditional larger seeded kabuli 

markets where seed size is important to 

attract premium prices. 

Notes on selected desi chickpea 

varieties 

PBA Pistol A and PBA Boundary A 

These two varieties have been released 

for northern NSW/southern Qld (PBA 

Boundary) and central Queensland 

(PBA Pistol) where they offer specific 

production advantages in these respective 

regions over current variety options. 

Both varieties are poorly suited to 

southern Australia due to susceptibility 

to AB (PBA Pistol) and late maturity and 

low relative yields (PBA Boundary) and 

are not recommended. Both varieties are 

licensed to Seed Net. 

Botrytis 

grey 

mould 

Flowering 

cold 

tolerance 

Lodging 

resistance 

Pratylenchus neglectus 

Resistance Tolerance 

Desi 

PBA Slasher poor/mod mid 17-19 light brown split & whole medium R S S MS NA NA 

PBA HatTrick moderate mid-late 19-21 light brown split & whole medium-tall MR-MS S S MR NA NA 

Howzat poor/mod mid 19-22 light brown split & whole medium S MS S MS S MI 

GenesisTM 509 moderate mid 15-17 dark brown split medium R MS S MR MS NA 

Sonali 

Kabuli 

good early 16-20 dark brown split medium MS S T MS MR NA 

Almaz poor late 40-45 cream 8-9mm medium-tall MS-MR S S MS MR NA 

GenesisTM 079 moderate early 24-28 cream 6-7mm short R S S MR MS NA 

GenesisTM 090 moderate mid 26-35 creamwhite 

6-8mm medium R S S MR MR NA 

GenesisTM 114 poor/mod mid-late 40-44 cream 8-9mm medium-tall MS-MR S S MR NA NA 

GenesisTM 115 poor/mod mid-late 40-46 cream 8-10mm medium-tall MS-MR S S MR NA NA 

R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S = susceptible, VS = very susceptible, T = tolerant, MI = moderately intolerant, I = intolerant, NA = 

not available due to no data. 

PBA Slasher A 

PBA Slasher is a new desi-type chickpea 

with foliar AB resistance and high yields 

in all chickpea growing areas of SA. It 

has a semi-spreading plant type with mid 

flowering and mid maturity similar to 

Howzat. 

PBA Slasher has improved seed quality 

compared to Genesis 509, with larger 

seed size and superior seed colour. 

PBA Slasher is suitable for both the 

split and whole seed markets as it has 

improved seed size and colour over 

varieties like Genesis 509 which are 

only likely to be suited for split seed 

markets. 

Fungicide management trials have 

indicated that foliar sprays only during 

podding are required to successfully grow 

this variety (as for Genesis 090 and 509). 

Seed is licensed to Seed Net. 

PBA HatTrick A 

PBA HatTrick has been released for 

northern NSW and southern Qld where 

it yields similarly to Jimbour. It has 

moderate foliar resistance to AB, having 

significantly better resistance than other 

regional varieties. 

It is also moderately resistant to 

phytophthora root rot (a significant 

problem in the north). The seed of 

PBA HatTrick is similar to Jimbour and 

suitable for both splitting and direct 

consumption end use. 

In southern Australia it has lower 

yields and will require a higher number 

of fungicide sprays to control ascochyta 

blight than PBA Slasher. It is licensed to 

Seed Net. 

41

42 

Genesis TM 509 

Genesis 509 is a widely adapted desi 

chickpea with foliar resistance to AB. Its 

flowering and maturity timing are earlier 

than Genesis 508 and Howzat. 

Genesis 509 has medium plant height, 

and moderate resistance to lodging. Seed 

size will predominately be in the 5-6mm 

range, smaller and darker than Howzat 

and PBA Slasher. 

Genesis 509 has generally yielded 

similarly to Genesis 090 but less than PBA 

Slasher in SA. Fungicide management 

trials have indicated that foliar sprays 

only during podding are required to 

successfully grow this variety. 

Seed is available through Australian 

Agricultural Crop Technologies. 

Notes on selected kabuli chickpea 

varieties 

Almaz A 

Almaz is a medium to large seeded 

kabuli type commercialised by AWB 

Seeds. Seed size is generally larger than 

Kaniva, with superior foliar AB resistance 

but inferior to that of Genesis 090. 

It has been 15-35% lower yielding 

than Genesis 090 in southern Australia 

and will generally require two to four 

foliar fungicide sprays, including a first 

application six to eight weeks after 

sowing, to successfully grow it in this 

region. 


Genesis 079 is a high yielding small 

seeded kabuli type with foliar resistance 

to AB and is likely to only require 

fungicide sprays during podding. 

Genesis 079 has small seed (6-7mm) 

and very high relative grain yields in 

short season environments. Genesis 079 

has produced high and consistent yields 

in medium and low rainfall districts of 

SA and may have a greater potential to 

be crop topped and/or wick-wiped to 

control resistant rye grass than other 

varieties in these environments. 

Some seed of Genesis 079 is available 

through Australian Agricultural Crop 

Technologies. 


Genesis 114 is a medium to large seeded 

(8-9 mm) kabuli type chickpea with yields 

higher than Almaz and Kaniva but less 

than the smaller seeded Genesis 090. 

Genesis 114 has moderate foliar 

resistance to AB which will require 

Table 3. Predicted long term yields of selected desi chickpea varieties grouped by region in SA. Yields expressed 

as a percentage of Genesis 509’s yield (SARDI, PBA & NVT data, 2004-2010. 

Variety Mid North Yorke Peninsula South East Lower Eyre 

Peninsula 

PBA Slasher 112 113 113 116 

PBA HatTrick 96 98 100 101 

GenesisTM 509 100 100 100 100 

Howzat 99 101 103 108 

Sonali 97 101 101 104 

GenesisTM 090# 99 101 102 104 

GenesisTM 079# 110 113 111 115 

GenesisTM 509 

(yield t/ha) 

1.74 1.63 2.24 1.47 

# Small kabuli types 

strategic fungicide management to 

protect yield and ensure high quality seed 

is produced. 

Its flowering time is similar to Almaz 

and later than Genesis 090 and its plant 

height is medium to tall with an erect 

plant type. 

Harvestibility of Genesis 114 is excellent 

with greater height to lowest pod than 

Genesis 090 and Almaz. 

Seed size will predominately be in the 8 

and 9 mm range and other grain quality 

characteristics are generally consistent 

with other kabuli chickpea varieties. 

Genesis 114 will be available in 2011 


Technologies. 


Genesis 090 was the first kabuli type 

released in Australia with foliar resistance 

to AB. It is a small to medium seeded 

kabuli and is therefore unlikely to attract 

the higher prices of larger seeded types 

eg Almaz and Genesis 114. 

Genesis 090 has medium height with 

semi-erect branches. Under high AB 

disease pressure Genesis 090 will require 

fungicide protection during podding to 

prevent seed blemish and yield loss. 

Due to its similar (Genesis 509) or 

slightly lower (PBA Slasher) yields but 

current higher price than desi varieties 

in southern Australia, this variety offers 

chickpea growers a high yielding AB 

resistant alternative to desi chickpeas 

with potential for higher returns in some 

years and environments. Seed is available 


Technologies. 


Genesis 115 is a large seeded kabuli 

type similar to Genesis 114 but with later 

flowering and larger seed size. 

It is commercialised by Australian 

Agricultural Crop Technologies 

and limited quantities of seed may be 

available for 2012. 

Genesis 115 has the largest seed size of 

all commercial kabuli types hence more 

able to meet the size requirements of 

premium high valued markets, however 

yield and disease resistance are inferior to 

the small kabuli types and equivalent to 

Almaz and Genesis 114. 

Table 4. Predicted long term yields of selected kabuli chickpea varieties grouped by region in SA. Yields 

expressed as a percentage of Genesis 090’s yield (SARDI, PBA & NVT data, 2004–2010). 

Variety Mid North Yorke Peninsula South East Lower Eyre Peninsula 

Almaz 78 84 84 83 

GenesisTM 090 100 100 100 100 

GenesisTM 079 106 109 100 110 

GenesisTM 114 82 89 87 81 

GenesisTM 115 82 86 87 - 

GenesisTM 090 1.59 

(yield t/ha) 

1.64 2.27 1.36

Pea variety sowing guide 2012 

By Michael Lines, Research Officer- SARDI, 

Larn McMurray, Research Scientist- SARDI 

& Tony Leonforte, Field Pea Breeder- DPI 

Victoria 

Two new dun type pea varieties 

with improved tolerance to 

bacterial blight (PBA Oura – 

OZP0703 & PBA Percy – OZP0901) will 

be released for 2012 sowings. 

PBA Oura has a semi leafless plant 

type similar to Kaspa, but with wrinkled 

dun seed and slightly increased lodging 

susceptible at maturity. PBA Percy has 

a conventional plant type similar to 

Parafield and is susceptible to lodging. 

Both varieties have high yield potential, 

are broadly adapted and perform 

relatively well in short growing seasons 

and low rainfall climates. 

Both varieties are earlier flowering and 

maturing than Kaspa and will be better 

suited to crop topping and delayed 

sowing for blackspot management than 

Kaspa. 

These varieties will be of particular 

importance to growers in areas at risk 

of bacterial blight infection due to their 

improved tolerance to this disease and 

lower yield loss when infected by this 

disease than all other varieties (including 

Parafield which is currently the preferred 

variety in these areas). Both have been 

developed by Pulse Breeding Australia 

(PBA), and are licensed to Seednet. 

Two advanced field pea lines are 

currently under multiplication for 

potential release in 2012. 

OZP0819 is a semileafless white pea 

variety which has performed particularly 

well across short and long season climates 

over recent seasons. It has high early 

vigour and erect growth, with excellent 

standability at maturity. 

It is early to mid flowering, and like 

PBA Oura and Percy does not have the 

pod shatter resistance trait (like Kaspa, 

PBA Gunyah and PBA Twilight) but is not 

prone to shattering. 

It has a favourable disease resistance 

profile, with good tolerance to bacterial 

blight and good resistance to downy 

mildew and bean leafroll virus. 

OZP0902 is a late flowering and 

late maturity conventional pea 

suitable for forage production as 

an alternative to vetch. 

It produces small white seed, 

but has lower seed yield that 

Morgan (which is generally 

considered a dual purpose variety) but 

also has higher biomass production. 

OZP0902 also has improved resistance to 

powdery mildew over Morgan. 

There are a number of alternative 

variety options that growers can choose 

instead of the major varieties PBA 

Gunyah, PBA Twilight, Kaspa and 

Parafield. 

These may provide specific advantages 

such as for example, higher frost 

tolerance (e.g. Sturt), powdery mildew 

resistance (e.g. Yarrum), white seed type 

(SW Celine) or forage potential (e.g. 

Morgan). 

However they also have specific 

limitations that restricts their widespread 

adaptation broadly across SA such 

as susceptibility to downy mildew, late 

flowering and or maturity or specific 

herbicide sensitivity. In addition they 

may also be difficult to sell and market 

Michael Lines 

from SA (e.g. small seed or white 

seeded types). 

The agronomic practice of 

early sowing of field peas was 

again popular in 2011. This 

practice is desirable to maximise 

grain yield but it has led to 

significant yield loss through 

black spot infections and frost in some 

years. 

If dry or early sowing is to be practiced 

all other management strategies to 

reduce black spot disease risk must be 

employed, however for the medium 

and high rainfall areas it is strongly 

recommended to delay sowing peas 

regardless of variety until the peak black 

spot spore release period has occurred 

due to the higher risk of increased 

disease epidemics. 

The disease forecasting model 

‘Blackspot Manager’ identified a reduced 

blackspot risk for 2011 due to the high 

incidence of summer rain, resulting in 

early spore release. 

PBA Oura and PBA Percy (as well as 

2010 releases PBA Gunyah and PBA 

Twilight) offer growers the option 

to delay sowing to reduce blackspot 

infection with reduced risk of yield loss 

Table 1. Pea variety sowing guide 2012. 

Seed type Rainfall zone (mm) 

Below 400 400–475 475–600 Above 600 

Dun – “Kaspa type” PBA Twilight PBA Gunyah Kaspa Kaspa 

PBA Gunyah PBA Twilight PBA Gunyah PBA Gunyah 

Kaspa Kaspa PBA Twilight PBA Twilight 

Dun - Other PBA Oura^ PBA Oura^ PBA Oura^ PBA Oura^ 

Parafield^ PBA Percy^ PBA Percy^ PBA Percy^ 

Yarrum Parafield^ Yarrum Yarrum 

Morgan* Yarrum Parafield^ Parafield^ 

PBA Percy^ (NT) Morgan* Morgan* Morgan* 

White Sturt Sturt Sturt Sturt 

Bundi Bundi Bundi Bundi 

SW Celine SW Celine SW Celine 

Blue Excell Excell Excell Excell # 

Maki Maki Maki Maki 

* Green manure/forage option NT = Not tested ^ Preferred varieties where bacterial blight is a production 

constraint 

43

44 

Table 2. Variety characteristics of selected pea varieties. 

Variety Seed 

type 

Seed 

size 

compared to other varieties. 

Delayed sowing may also allow further 

opportunity to achieve an effective weed 

control before sowing and/or minimise 

the risk of frost damage and bacterial 

blight. 

Predictions of blackspot spore release 

times in each pea growing district can 

be obtained via the internet through 

‘Blackspot Manager’ (www.agric.wa.gov. 

au/cropdiseases). 


The list of suggested varieties is shown 

in Table 1 and is based on performance 

within different rainfall zones. 


selection criteria, grain yield, disease 

resistance, maturity, standing ability, weed 

competitiveness, shattering resistance and 

seed type/quality for each variety can be 

found in Tables 2–3. 

When selecting a variety, farmers also 

need to consider their individual farm 

and paddock situation, the access and 

availability of the likely target markets 

and storage and handling facilities and 

make their selection on all the available 

information. 

Due to white peas not being accepted in 

the bulk dun segregation growers need to 

also consider the different quality types 

within peas (Table 1) and where they can 

be delivered before deciding whether to 

grow these types. 

Notes on selected varieties 

Leaf 

form 

Flower 

colour 

Dun types 

Dun peas are segregated from white 

and blue peas due to the different quality 

markets they are aimed at. Some pea 

markets in India and Sri Lanka prefer 

Plant 

height 

Flowering 

time 

Maturity 

time 

Downy mildew Black 

spot 

Australian dun peas due to their distinct 

‘nutty’ taste. ‘Kaspa type’ grain is also 

preferred over dimpled grains (such as 

Parafield) in these markets due to its 

round shape and lack of dimples allowing 

easier seed coat removal and greater split 

returns. 

PBA Oura A (OZP0703) 

PBA Oura is an erect growing, semileafless 

pea variety offering improved 

resistance to bacterial blight, high yields 

and broad adaptation across all the major 

field pea production regions. 

It is early to mid flowering and early 

maturing, making it more suitable to 

the practice of crop topping than Kaspa. 

Agronomic trials have shown it is earlier 

(5-10 days) and longer flowering than 

Kaspa. 

It has fair to good lodging and pod 

shatter resistance at maturity, although 

it does not have the sugar- pod 

characteristic like Kaspa. 

PBA Oura is moderately resistant to 

bacterial blight, a similar response to 

that found in Parfield but improved over 

Kaspar, PBA Gunya and PBA Twilight. In 

agronomic disease yield loss experiments 

PBA Oura incurred less yield loss 

from bacterial blight than all variteies 

(including Parafield) except for PBA 

Percy. 

PBA Oura is the highest yielding variety 

with improved tolerance to this disease 

in all districts of SA. Seed is licensed to 

Seednet. 

PBA Percy A (OZP0901) 

PBA Percy is a conventional type pea 

variety, with an improved bacterial blight 

disease rating compared to PBA Oura 

(R vs. MR). It is early flowering and early 

Powdery 

mildew 

Bacterial 

blight 

(pv 

syringae) 

Shattering 

Weed 

competitiveness 

Lodging 

resistance 

at maturity 

Parafield Kaspa 

strain strain# 

Alma Dun Me C P T M/L L S MS S MR Average Poor 

Bundi White Me-Lg SL W Me-T E E R MS MS S S R Average# Fair-Good 

Dundale Dun Me C P T E M S - MS S - MR Average Poor 

Excell Blue Me SL W Me-T E-M L MR S MS S S S Average Good 

Kaspa Dun Me SL Pi Me-T L M MR S MS S S R Good Fair-Good 

Maki# Blue SL W Sh E E S S S R S S Poor Poor-Fair 

Morgan Dun Sm SL P T L L MR S MS S MS MR Excellent Poor-Fair 

Parafield Dun Me-Lg C P T M M S S MS S MR MR Average Poor 

PBA Gunyah Dun Me SL Pi Me-T E-M E R S MS S S R Good Fair-Good 

PBA Oura Dun Me SL P Me-T E-M E MR MS MS S MR MR Good Fair-Good 

PBA Percy Dun Me-Lg C P T E E S S MS S R MR Average Poor 

PBA Twilight Dun Me SL Pi Me-T E E R S MS S S R Good Fair-Good 

Sturt White Me-Sm C W T E-M M MS S MS S MS MR Average Poor 

SW Celine White Me-Lg SL W Me-T E E S S MS S S S Average Fair-Good 

Yarrum Dun Me SL P Me-Sh L M S S MS R MR-MS MR Avg.-poor Poor-Fair 

# based on limited observations Sm = small, Me = medium, Lg = large, C = conventional, SL = semi-leafless, P = purple, W = white, Pi = pink, T = tall, Sh = short, E = 

early, M = mid, L= late, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant 

maturing, making it well suited to the 

practice of crop topping and delayed 

sowing for blackspot management. 

Agronomic trials have shown PBA Percy 

is very much earlier (10-25 days) and 

longer flowering than Kaspa, and even 

earlier flowering than recent releases 

PBA Gunyah and PBA Twilight. 

PBA Percy is susceptible to lodging at 

maturity, but has moderate pod shatter 

resistance although it does not have the 

non shattering pod characteristic like 

Kaspa. 

Its earlier maturity may also offer some 

level of powdery mildew avoidance 

compared to other preferred bacterial 

blight resistant varieties. PBA Percy has 

had limited evaluation in SA but appears 

to yield similarly to PBA Oura. Seed is 

licensed to Seednet. 

PBA Gunyah A 

PBA Gunyah is a ‘Kaspa type’ field pea 

with earlier and longer flowering than 

Kaspa and higher yield in shorter season 

environments and dryer seasons than 

Kaspa. 

It is early to mid flowering and early 

maturing, making it more suitable to the 

practice of crop topping than Kaspa. It is 

well suited to delayed sowing for disease 

management in response to a late season 

break. 

Its disease resistance profile is similar 

to Kaspa and therefore not well suited 

to bacterial blight prone environments. 

Despite being susceptible to powdery 

mildew it is likely that PBA Gunyah will 

incur less yield loss from this disease than 

Kaspa due to its earlier maturity. 

Widespread evaluation over a number 

of years shows that it is higher yielding 

than Kaspa when yield potential is below

Table 3. Predicted long term yields of selected pea varieties grouped by region in low and high yielding trials in 

SA. Yields expressed as a percentage of Kaspa’s yield (SARDI, PBA and NVT data, 2004–2010). 

Genotype Yorke 

Peninsula 

Mid North Lower Eyre 

Peninsula 

2.25t/ha. PBA Gunyah has “Kaspa” seed 

type and is licensed to Seednet. 

PBA Twilight A 

PBA Twilight is a ‘Kaspa type’ with 

similar attributes to PBA Gunyah. 

It has a shorter flowering period and 

is earlier in maturity than PBA Gunyah 

making it well suited to the low rainfall 

and very short season field pea growing 

environments. 

Widespread evaluation over a number 

of years shows that it is higher yielding 

than Kaspa when yield potential is below 

1.75t/ha, and higher than PBA Gunyah 

when yield potential is below 1.25t/ha. 

Its disease resistance profile is similar 

to Kaspa and therefore not well suited to 

bacterial blight prone environments. 

Despite being susceptible to powdery 

mildew it is likely that PBA Twilight will 

incur less yield loss from this disease than 

Kaspa due to its earlier maturity. 

PBA Twilight has “Kaspa” seed type and 

is licensed to Seednet. 

Kaspa A 

Kaspa is semi-leafless, late flowering, 

resistant to shattering and has good early 

season vigour and moderate resistance to 

lodging. 

Kaspa is susceptible to powdery mildew 

and black spot and the “Kaspa strain” of 

downy mildew. 

Kaspa seed should be treated with 

metal-axyl seed dressing, particularly in 

cropping regions prone to downy mildew. 

The seed of Kaspa is distinct from 

traditional dun types ie Parafield in that 

it is red brown in colour and almost 

spherical in shape. 

Kaspa is high yielding in many areas of 

southern Australia, however it needs to 

be considered carefully before use as an 

Upper Eyre 

Peninsula 

Murray 

Mallee 

South East 

Bundi 94 97 97 98 96 95 

Excell 84 85 87 86 89 87 

Kaspa 100 100 100 100 100 100 

Morgan 83 84 87 89 86 

Parafield 90 93 97 96 99 95 

PBA Gunyah 96 99 102 99 103 100 

PBA Oura 97 101 104 102 108 103 

PBA Percy 97 101 104 100 102 

PBA Twilight 93 97 99 99 97 98 

Sturt 95 99 102 101 109 100 

SW Celine 99 101 104 104 102 

Yarrum 101 104 104 102 110 109 

Kaspa Mean 

Yield (t/ha) 

2.58 2.52 2.11 1.74 1.51 2.98 

option in low rainfall areas or areas prone 

to early periods of high temperature 

and drought stress due to its late and 

condensed flowering characteristic. 

Kaspa also should be considered 

carefully in areas prone to frequent 

severe vegetative frosts due to potential 

for yield loss to bacterial blight. Kaspa is 

under contract to Seednet. 

Yarrum A 

Yarrum is a high yielding, powdery 

mildew resistant dun type developed for 

the northern areas of Australia. AGT 

have the licence for seed sales. 

Yarrum is a semi leafless, short variety 

which flowers late in southern Australia 

(early in northern Australia) but matures 

quickly and similar to Kaspa. 

It is susceptible to downy mildew and 

black spot but is resistant to pea seed 

borne mosaic virus. 

Yarrum has had high trial yields in 

recent years but can be variable over 

seasons in southern Australia. 

It may have a role in higher rainfall 

regions where it is high yields, virus and 

powdery mildew resistance will be an 

advantage. 

White types 

White peas cannot be delivered to bulk 

export markets with dun peas. 

Some high quality specialised white 

peas may fit into specific premium value 

markets for split peas. 

Higher prices may be achieved if 

supplying specific niche markets, but 

these markets may be small. 

Small seeded white peas are likely to 

only suit domestic stock feed markets. 

Growers are advised to secure markets 

before deciding to grow these pea types. 

Bundi A 

Bundi is a medium to large seeded, 

white type pea with improved standing 

ability primarily for the low rainfall areas 

of southern Australia. 

It is a sister line to Kaspa with resistance 

to pod shattering and is earlier flowering 

and maturing than Kaspa. Bundi is no 

longer covered by PBR. 

Sturt A 

Sturt is a conventional leaf type, small 

seeded white pea similar to Parafield in 

height, lodging resistance and disease 

susceptibility. Flowering and maturity 

time of Sturt is similar but generally 

slightly earlier than Parafield. 

It consistently yields higher than 

all other varieties in trials affected by 

reproductive frosts, indicating some level 

of tolerance to this stress. 

Sturt is more sensitive than Kaspa and 

Parafield to label rates of both post 

sowing pre-emergent and post emergent 

applications of metribuzin on alkaline 

soils in SA. Sturt is licensed to Premier 


SW Celine A 

SW Celine is an introduced white pea 

from overseas with medium to large seed 

size. SW Celine has had limited yield 

evaluation in many areas but appears 

high yielding particularly in short season 

environments. 

It is an early flowering and maturing 

semi leafless plant type susceptible to 

downy and powdery mildew, black spot 

and bacterial blight. Seed is available 

through Crop Care Seed Technologies. 

Blue types (green cotyledons) 

Some blue pea varieties are for specific 

premium value markets which are usually 

only small. Quality is paramount in these 

markets used predominantly for canning 

and snack food. Important parameters 

include damage by insects, bleaching of 

seed coat and consistency of seed colour. 

Maki A 

Maki is a semi leafless blue pea (green 

cotyledon) with powdery mildew and pea 

seed-borne mosaic virus resistance. It has 

been released initially primarily for the 

northern areas of Australia where it has 

high yield. 

It has currently had very limited testing 

in southern Australia and is licensed to 

AGT. 

In limited observations in southern 

Australia Maki grows very short relative 

to other varieties. It is susceptible 

to bacterial blight, downy mildew and 

blackspot. 

45

46 

Faba bean variety sowing guide 2012 

By Andrew Ware, and Rohan Kimber SARDI, 

Jeff Paull University of Adelaide and Wayne 

Hawthorne Pulse Australia 

Variety selection in faba beans for 

the major SA bean production 

regions continues to be between 

Nura and Farah. 

A new variety, PBA RanaA (tested as 

974*(611*974)/15-1) is coming into 

contention in the higher rainfall districts. 

PBA Rana was developed by the PBA 

faba bean breeding program, led by the 

University of Adelaide, and was named 

and released in spring 2011. 

It will represent a different grain 

category for faba bean production and 

marketing in Australia. 

Its seed is larger than current faba 

varieties, and is considered to be of high 

quality by the major Egyptian market. 

Farah has slightly higher yields than 

Nura in SA but Nura is less susceptible 

to chocolate spot and has better rust 

resistance than Farah. Both varieties are 

MR-R to ascochyta blight. 

However there have been some 

instances where the reaction to chocolate 

spot in the two varieties is similar. 

Consequently disease management 

strategies for chocolate spot control 

should essentially be the same for both 

Nura and Farah. 

Nura is about a week later flowering 

than Farah. Nura is generally more 

responsive to early sowing dates than 

other varieties due to its later flowering 

time, and will suffer when sown later. 

Nura is shorter in height which can 

cause harvest difficulties and grain loss 

in low rainfall districts and seasons. Both 

varieties produce highly marketable seed. 

Varieties and market preferences 

The Middle East human consumption 

market prefers Australian faba beans, 

ahead of competition from France and 

the UK. 

To access the export human food 

markets, the Australian product must be 

of high quality, including freedom from 

mechanical damage, weathering, disease 

staining and storage problems. 

Faba beans darken over time 

in storage and seed can become 

unsuitable for the export market 

after about 9 months. 

Our varieties Farah, Nura and 

Fiesta, are well accepted, and 

the market signals are that the 

small seeded faba beans like the 

old Fiord and Ascot varieties are 

no longer wanted in the Middle 

East. 

Co-mingling of these smaller seeded 

varieties into the now accepted larger 

“Fiesta grade” will downgrade the overall 

quality. 

Product that does not meet export 

standard or is surplus to demand is 

consumed domestically in stockfeed 

rations, often at lower prices. 

Sound beans are also finding a place in 

many integrated cropping and grazing 

enterprises as a means of finishing lambs 

on farm. 

There can often be strong grazier 

demand for feed beans in dry conditions. 

Varieties and disease management 

In growing regions or seasonal 

conditions that favour chocolate spot 

development all varieties require a 

protective spray before canopy closure 

when the beans are at the early flowering 

stage. 

Additional applications will be required 

if wet conditions continue, particularly 

when disease symptoms are evident and 

dense crop growth retains moisture levels 

within the canopy. 

Chocolate spot typically develops during 

spring as temperatures warm, however it 

Table 1. Faba bean variety sowing guide 2012. 

Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall) 

Low Medium High 

< 375 mm 375-500 mm > 500 mm 

Farah A Nura A PBA Rana A 

Fiesta * Farah A Nura A 

Nura A Fiesta * Farah A 

* Fiesta needs a higher level of disease monitoring 

and protection in most years. 

Andrew Ware 

can infect crops earlier and faba 

beans should be monitored for 

chocolate spot from late winter. 

Rust presented itself as a 

significant early disease on faba 

beans in 2011. 

Early sowing and then 

slightly warmer conditions 

during August favoured the 

development of rust, with 

susceptible varieties Farah and Fiesta VF 

showing worst symptoms. 

Paddocks adjacent to last years’ bean 

stubbles were also more severely infected. 

Control with the correct fungicides may 

need to commence before flowering in 

early sown crops, or crops sown close to 

the previous year’s bean stubble. 

Given good conditions for crop 

production and disease development, 

fungicide applications to control rust 

may be necessary at the same time as 

chocolate spot is being targeted. 

Disease resistance levels of Nura and 

Farah allow growers to be more reactive 

to ascochyta blight than in other varieties 

and ascochyta disease management 

strategies can be based on monitoring 

levels in high risk situations. 

With Fiesta, growers must maintain 

ascochyta blight disease control until 

after flowering is finished to ensure seed 

staining is minimised. 

Cercospora leaf spot continues to be 

widely reported in faba beans. This 

disease is soil borne and typically occurs 

in paddocks with a history of faba bean 

cropping, particularly in close rotation 

(less than 4-6 years), or when in close 

proximity to these paddocks. 

Correct identification is essential 

to distinguish it from ascochyta blight, 

chocolate spot or herbicide damage, 

all of which can show similar plant 

symptoms. 

Early control (at 5-8 weeks) with 

carbendazim or tebuconazole is 

most effective in preventing disease 

establishment and consequent yield loss 

from Cercospora. 

All current faba bean varieties are 

susceptible, thus early preventative 

control measures are best practice.

Table 2. Agronomic and disease characteristics of faba and broad bean varieties. (National disease ratings as 

supplied by Pulse Breeding Australia (PBA)). 

Variety Plant 

height 

Notes on faba bean varieties 

New Variety 

Flower 

time 

Maturity Lodging 

resistance 

PBA Rana A 

PBA Rana (tested as 974*(611*974)/15- 

1) is a vigorous plant with good stem 

strength, mid to late flowering (similar to 

Nura) and mid maturity (late than Farah 

and Nura). 

It is well adapted to high rainfall, long 

growing seasons. Highest yields have been 

achieved in the Lower South East, Central 

Hills/ Fleurieu Peninsula and the high 

rainfall sites in the lower and mid-North 

where long term yields are equal to or 

greater than Fiesta VF and Farah. 

PBA Rana has good resistance to 

ascochyta blight and comparable 

resistance to chocolate spot to Nura 

Ascochyta 

blight 

Chocolate 

spot 

(MS). 

PBA Rana produces large, plump and 

light brown seed suited to Egyptian 

market requirements for that grade. 

It represents a unique and different 

category for faba bean marketing. 

PBA Rana is three quarters Manafest 

in its breeding, and should establish 

itself into areas where Manafest was 

grown before ascochyta blight became its 

demise. 

PBA Rana is licensed to Viterra and an 

end point royalty applies. 

Current Varieties 

Cercospora 

Rust PSbMV 

seed 

staining 

Foliage Seed 

Faba bean 

FarahA Medium EarlyEarly- MS MR-R MR-R S S S S 

midmid Fiesta VF Medium EarlyEarly- MS MR MS S S S S 

midmid Fiord Short Early Early MR MS MS VS S S S 

Nura A Short Mid Earlymid 

MR MR-R MR-R MS S MR VS 

Manafest Medium Mid Mid MS S MS VS 

PBA Rana A Broad bean 

Medium Mid Mid MR R R MS S MS MR 

Aquadulce Tall Mid Late MS MS MS MS S MS 

PBA KareemaA Tall Mid Late MS MR-R MR-R MS S MR 

Key: R=resistant, MR-moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S=susceptible, VS=very susceptible 

Nura A 

Nura is a medium-sized faba bean with 

moderate resistance to ascochyta blight 

and rust, and intermediate resistance 

(MS) to chocolate spot. 

It is susceptible to Cercospora leaf 

spot, similar to Farah and Fiesta. Nura 

is generally shorter than Fiesta and 

Farah, making it less likely to lodge but 

more difficult to harvest in lower rainfall 

districts or with late sowing. 

Nura’s long-term yields are slightly lower 

than Farah in most areas, however highest 

relative yields are achieved when sown 

early. 

It has good seed appearance, light buff 

in colour, with minimal seed staining and 

discolouration. Nura flowers about 7 days 

later than Farah, but matures about the 

same time. 

Its major advantage to growers is a 

likely reduction in fungicide sprays, with 

ascochyta blight and rust protection only 

required in high risk situations. 

Nura is more sensitive to high rates 

of imazethapyr (eg Spinnaker®) than 

Farah but more tolerant of simazine and 

metribuzin. 

Seed is available from SeedNet and an 


Farah A 

Farah is a direct selection from Fiesta, 

and it is identical in most respects to 

Fiesta, except for its moderate resistance 

to ascochyta seed staining and more 

uniform seed size and colour. 

Although the risk of suffering ascochyta 

blight seed staining is reduced with 

Farah, the risk is still present if ascochyta 

blight is not properly managed. 

Farah’s yields are slightly higher than 

Fiesta and Nura in most areas of southern 

Australia. 

Its major advantage over Fiesta is the 

increased likelihood of achieving market 

Table 3. Predicted yield of faba bean varieties is SA by region, as a % Farah 

Variety LOWER EP UPPER EP YORKE PEN MID NORTH* MALLEE SOUTH EAST* 

% of No. % of No. % of No. % of No. % of No. % of No. 

Farah Trials Farah Trials Farah Trials Farah Trials Farah Trials Farah Trials 

FarahA 100 10 100 4 100 12 100 33 100 5 100 32 

Fiesta VF 102 10 99 4 99 12 100 34 100 5 101 32 

Fiord 101 9 92 4 96 10 94 32 94 4 95 24 

Manafest 87 6 86 2 86 6 85 23 87 2 90 27 

NuraA 101 10 97 4 99 12 97 34 99 5 98 32 

PBA RanaA 92 6 - - 93 6 94 16 93 3 95 17 

Farah’s yield 

(t/ha) 

1.96 1.00 3.07 2.33 1.48 2.61 

Data source: SARDI/GRDC, NVT and PBA - Australian Faba Bean Breeding Program. 2004-2010 MET data analysis by National Statistics Program. 

* At high rainfall sites within the Mid North and South East Zones 974/15-1 produces yields equal to or greater than Farah 

47

standards for freedom from seed staining 

and a likely reduction in fungicide sprays 

for ascochyta blight. 

Farah is licensed to Seedmark and an 


Fiesta VF 

Fiesta VF is early to mid flowering. It 

has buff coloured seed, larger than Fiord. 

Fiesta has good seedling vigour and is of 

medium height. 

It is classed as susceptible to chocolate 

spot, but is less susceptible than Fiord. 

Fiesta VF is more susceptible to 

ascochyta blight than Farah and Nura 

and a proactive disease management 

strategy is recommended to ensure 

market standards for clean seed are met. 

Fiesta VF is no longer protected by PBR, 

and no end point royalty applies. 

Broad bean varieties 

PBA Kareema A 

PBA Kareema was selected from 

Aquadulce with similar plant type 

and adaptation to this variety but with 

larger and more uniform seed, and no 

“evergreens”. 

It is well adapted to the very high 

Plant Breeders Rights 

and End Point 

Royalties apply 

* Long term data 

courtesy of NVT, PBA, 

SARDI, DPI Vic 

48 

Table 4. Predicted yield of broad bean varieties is 

SA by region, as a % Fiesta VF 

Variety LOWER SOUTH EAST 

% of 

Fiesta VF 

No. 

Trials 

Aquadulce 107 6 

Fiesta VF 100 19 

PBA KareemaA 102 4 

Fiesta VF’s 

yield (t/ha) 

2.95 

Data source: SARDI/GRDC, NVT and PBA - Australian 

Faba Bean Breeding Program. 2004-2010 MET data 

analysis by National Statistics Program. 

rainfall, broad bean districts in the lower 

south-east of SA. 

It has significantly improved resistance 

to ascochyta blight (MR-R) and better 

rust resistance (MR) than Aquadulce and 

is slightly less susceptible to chocolate 

spot than other faba beans. 

Like Aquadulce, PBA Kareema is more 

tolerant of waterlogging than most faba 

bean varieties, and is more tolerant of 

iron and manganese deficiencies. 

The yield of PBA Kareema has been 

similar to, or slightly less than, Aquadulce 

in trials in the south-east of SA. 

It is licensed to PGG Wrightson and an 


Aquadulce 

Aquadulce is a tall, late flowering and 

maturing broad bean variety, suited to 

areas with at least 500 mm average annual 

rainfall, such as the lower south-east of 

SA. 

It is rated as MS to chocolate spot, but 

can succumb to the disease under high 

disease pressure and rainfall situations. 

It is more tolerant of waterlogging than 

most faba bean varieties, is more tolerant 

of iron and manganese deficiencies. 

Aquadulce’s large seed size makes it a 

specialty bean with different marketing 

opportunities to faba beans. 

It commands a price premium over faba 

beans, depending on grading and seed 

size. 

For further information: Variety Management 

Packages (VMP) for all varieties, except 

Aquadulce, are available on the Pulse 

Australia website: 

http://www.pulseaus.com.au/Search_Result_ 

Publication.aspx 

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Lentil variety sowing guide 2012 

By Matt Dare Research Officer SARDI, Larn 

McMurray Research Scientist SARDI & 

Michael Materne, PBA lentil breeder, DPI 

Victoria 

Pulse Breeding Australia (PBA) in 

conjunction with lentil commercial 

seed partner PB Seeds Pty Ltd 

(Horsham) will be releasing the first 

lentil variety with improved herbicide 

tolerance for 2012 sowings. 

PBA Herald XT (CIPAL 702) will be 

released with improved tolerance to 

label rates of flumetsulam (Broadstrike ® , 

Multitude ® ). 

Post emergent applications of 

flumetsulam at recommended rates 

have resulted in yield losses of up to 20 

percent in all current lentil varieties on 

alkaline soils. The availability of PBA 

Herald XT will provide growers with a 

variety that is less prone to yield loss when 

an application of flumetsulam is required 

to control certain broadleaf weeds. 

PBA Herald XT also shows reduced 

sensitivity to some sulfonylurea and 

imidazolinone herbicide residues from 

previous crop applications, however 

product label rates, plant-back periods 

and directions for use must still be 

adhered to on this variety. 

PBA Herald XT is part of a concerted 

effort by the PBA lentil program to 

improve weed control options in lentil, 

further work targeting tolerance to 

alternative herbicide groups is ongoing. 

A large range of lentil variety choice 

is available offering growers the 

opportunity to exploit particular 

agronomic management and or market 

opportunities. 

When selecting lentil varieties growers 

need to take into account varietal 

differences in grain yield, disease 

resistance (botrytis grey mould and 

ascochyta blight), agronomic adaptation, 

marketability and now new herbicide 

tolerance. 

However all current varieties still have 

some limitations which growers 

need to be aware of and manage 

for. 

Careful variety selection along 

with the correct implementation 

of recommended agronomic 

management packages (see PBA 

variety release brochures, Lentil 

ute guide and www.pulseaus. 

com.au for detailed management 

information) will increase the chances of 

maximising grain yield and quality. 

Growers can spread their disease, yield 

and marketing risks by growing more 

than one variety, providing the varieties 

chosen differ in their disease, maturity 

and marketing characteristics. 

Variety purity is very important in lentils 

with a restriction of 1% for varieties not 

of the same type. 

This is of particular concern when 

growing varieties with different seed coat 

colour and or different cotyledon colour 

(Table 2). 

Be aware of the potential for 

contamination from volunteer or 

‘escaped’ lentils in paddocks when 

changing to new varieties with different 

seed coat colours i.e. Northfield to 

Nipper, Nugget to PBA Flash or Aldinga 

Matt Dare 

to PBA Jumbo. Seed dressings 

are recommended particularly if 

growers are sowing seed which 

was infected with disease in 2011. 

Price differences can occur 

between varieties across seasons, 

however growers need to 

produce high quality seed in all 

varieties to secure markets and 

achieve the highest prices. 

On farm storage can assist in attaining 

the highest price for grain in some 

seasons and allow lentils with poor quality 

issues or contaminants to be stored until 

appropriate cleaning and marketing can 

occur. 

Timely harvesting is recommended in 

lentils to minimise seed discolouration 

and weather damage and also to reduce 

the risk of yield loss from strong wind 

events on the ripe crop. 



selection criteria, grain yield, disease 

resistance, maturity, standing ability, 

shattering and seed type/quality for each 

variety can be found in Tables 2-3. 

When selecting a variety growers also 

need to consider their individual farm 

Table 1. Lentil variety sowing guide 2012. 

Seed type Below 400 

Rainfall zones (mm) 

400-450 450–500 Above 500 

Medium red PBA Blitz~ PBA Flash* Nugget Nugget 

PBA Flash* PBA Blitz~ PBA Flash* PBA Flash* 

Nugget Nugget PBA Blitz~ PBA Blitz~ 

Small red PBA Bounty* PBA Bounty* Nipper Nipper 

Nipper# Nipper PBA Bounty* PBA Bounty* 

Northfield* Northfield* Northfield* Northfield* 

PBA Herald XT + PBA Herald XT + PBA Herald XT + PBA Herald XT + 

Large red PBA Jumbo* PBA Jumbo* PBA Jumbo* PBA Jumbo* 

Aldinga* Aldinga* Aldinga* Aldinga* 

Large green Boomer Boomer Boomer Boomer 

Tiarra^ 

# = not well suited to low rainfall areas or dry seasonal conditions due to low biomass type, must be sown early 

in these situations * = susceptible or moderately susceptible to botrytis grey mould, regular spraying may be 

required in areas or seasons prone to this disease ~ = variety best suited to crop-topping ^ = spring sowing 

type += improved tolerance to flumetsulam herbicide 

49

50 

Table 2. Characteristics of selected lentil varieties. 

Variety Seed Cotyledon Seed size Market Vigour Plant Flow- Maturity Lodging Pod Shatter- Botrytis Ascochyta Boron Salt 

coat colour relative to category 

height ering time resistance drop ing grey blight 

colour 

Nugget 

time 

mould Foliage Seed 

Medium red 

Nugget Grey Red MRS Moderate Medium Mid Mid/Late MS/MR MR MR MR MR MS/MR I I 

PBA Blitz Grey Red > 15-20% MRS Mod/Good Med/Tall Early/Mid Early MR MR MR MR R MR I I 

PBA Flash 

Small red 

Green Red > 0-10% MRS Moderate Medium Mid Early/Mid MR MR MR S MS MS MI MI 

PBA Bounty Grey Red < 10% SRP Moderate Med/short Mid/Late Mid MS MR MR MS MR MR I MI 

Nipper Grey Red < 20% SRP Poor/Mod Short Mid/Late Mid MR MR MR R MR MR I MT 

Northfield Tan Red < 20% SRP Poor/Mod Short Mid/Late Mid MS MR MR S R R I I 

PBA Herald XT 

Large red 

Grey Red < 20% SR Poor/Mod Short Mid/Late Mid/Late MR MR MR MR R R I MI 

Aldinga Green Red > 20% LRS Moderate Medium Mid Mid S MR MR MS MR MS I I 

PBA Jumbo 

Large green 

Grey Red > 20% LRS Moderate Medium Mid Mid MS MR MR MS R MR MI MI 

Boomer Green Yellow > 50% LG Good Tall Early/Mid Mid/Late MS MR MS MR MR MS I I 

Tiarra Green Yellow > 70% LG Good Tall Very late Very late MS MR - - S S - - 

R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S = susceptible, I = intolerant, MT = moderately tolerant, < = seed size less than Nugget, 

> = seed size greater than Nugget 

Market category: MRS = medium red split, SRP = small red premium round (football / split ), SR = small red round (football / split), LRS = large red split, LG = large green. 

and paddock situation and the access and 

availability of the likely target markets 

and make their selection on all available 

information. 

Notes on selected varieties 

Medium Red Lentils 

PBA Blitz A 

PBA Blitz is suited to all current lentil 

areas. 

It is particularly suited to shorter-season 

areas where its combination of mid to 

early flowering, early maturity, high yield, 

good disease resistance and medium 

to large seed size will improve lentil 

reliability and economics of production. 

PBA Blitz is the earliest maturing lentil 

variety and the best option where crop 

topping and/or delayed sowing are 

practised. PBA Blitz has improved early 

vigour over all other red lentils varieties 

and an erect plant type. 

It is rated as resistant to foliar and 

moderately resistant to seed ascochyta 

blight (AB) and moderately resistant to 

botrytis grey mould (BGM), similar to 

Nugget and improved compared to PBA 

Flash. 

It is well suited to no-till and interrow 

sowing into standing residue. PBA 

Blitz is a medium sized red lentil (larger 

than PBA Flash and Nugget) with a grey 

coloured seed coat and commercialised 

by PB Seeds. 

PBA Flash A 

PBA Flash is a high yielding red lentil 

with a green seed coat and medium seed 

size. 

It is well suited to shorter season and 

lower yielding lentil growing areas where 

its higher yield and earlier maturity 

improves reliability of yield. 

Earlier maturity also makes PBA Flash 

better suited to crop topping than 

Nugget although caution is still required 

with this practice due to seasonal 

variation in weed and crop maturity. 

It is moderately susceptible to AB 

and may require foliar fungicide sprays 

prior to flowering along with at podding 

to control this disease under high 

intensity situations or in disease prone 

environments. 

PBA Flash is susceptible to BGM but has 

improved tolerance to boron and salinity 

compared to Nugget. 

PBA Flash has improved standing ability 

at maturity relative to other lentil varieties 

which may make it more prone to pod 

drop in windy environments, timely 

harvest is required. 

PBA Flash has improved seed splitting 

characteristics over Nugget and is likely to 

be well suited to medium red lentil grain 

markets. 

Small Red Lentils 

PBA Herald XT A 

PBA Herald XT was evaluataed as 

CIPAL 702 and released in 2011. It is 

a mid to late flowering and maturing 

red lentil, similar to Nipper in many 

characteristics with short plant height, 

round seed shape and grey seed coat 

colour. 

It is resistant to ascochyta blight and 

moderately resistant to BGM. PBA 

Herald XT has improved tolerance to 

some group B herbicides, including 

flumetsulam (Broadstrike ® , Multitude ® ) 

at the registered rate for lentils. Post 

emergent applications of flumetsulam 

have resulted in yield losses of up to 20 

percent in lentil varieties at label rates on 

alkaline soils. 

The availability of PBA Herald XT will 

provide growers with a variety that is less 

prone to yield loss when application of 

flumetsulam is required to control certain 

broadleaf weeds. Preliminary herbicide 

screening experiments on alkaline 

soils indicates that PBA Herald XT has 

increased sensitivity to metribuzin when 

compared to Nugget, PBA Flash, PBA 

Jumbo and PBA Blitz but similar to that 

observed in Nipper. Seed will be available 

from PB Seeds for 2012 sowings. 

PBA Bounty A 

PBA Bounty is a high-yielding small 

seeded red lentil that is broadly adapted 

and suited to most lentil growing 

environments with high relative yields in 

the southern mallee region of Victoria. 

PBA Bounty is moderately resistant 

to AB, moderately susceptible to BGM 

and has improved tolerance to salinity 

compared to Nugget. 

PBA Bounty has a prostrate plant 

growth habit early in the season 

compared with all other varieties. PBA

Table 3. Predicted long term yields of selected lentil varieties grouped by region in evaluation trials in SA and 

Victoria. Yields expressed as a percentage of Nugget (SARDI, PBA, NVT & DPI Vic. data, 2004–2010). 

Yorke Pen. Mid North Lower EP South East SA Mallee Vic Mallee Wimmera 

Nugget yield 

(t/ha) 

Medium Red 

2.27 1.99 1.29 1.93 1.47 1.41 1.18 

Nugget 100 100 100 100 100* 100 100 

PBA Blitz 105 106 106 104 106* 104 104 

PBA Flash 

Small Red 

106 108 108 107 109* 104 104 

Nipper 98 100 99 98 98* 96 96 

Northfield 91 91 90 91 89* 89 89 

PBA Bounty 103 103 103 101 103* 103 102 

PBA Herald XT 

Large Red 

97 98 99* 97* 99* 98 98 

PBA Jumbo 

Large Green 

111 110 108 109 109* 108 106 

Boomer 104 103 104 104 102* 102 100 

* = varieties have had only limited evaluation at this site, treat results with caution. 

Bounty produces a small round seed 

that is slightly larger (10%) than Nipper 

but still likely to be sold into similar 

markets for splitting or the production of 

“footballs” (whole seed with the seed coat 

removed). 

Nipper A 

Nipper has moderate resistance to AB 

and resistance to BGM providing a low 

cost, low disease risk option in disease 

prone areas. 

Nipper has a seed size similar to 

Northfield but grey in colour. Nipper, like 

Northfield, flowers later than Nugget but 

often matures earlier than Nugget. 

Long term yields in southern Australia 

show that Nipper generally yields greater 

than Northfield and similarly to Nugget. 

However, it has been lower yielding than 

Nugget in short season environments or 

situations where it produces less growth. 

Due to its disease resistance only one 

fungicide application (at canopy closure) 

will be required to effectively control 

BGM in most situations. 

Nipper is also favoured for the practice 

of early sowing due to the combination of 

lower biomass production and high level 

of disease resistance. 

Nipper is more sensitive to metribuzin 

than most other varieties and caution 

is required to avoid application when 

conditions are conducive to damage. 

Nipper is licensed to Seed Net. 

Large Red Lentils 

PBA Jumbo A 

PBA Jumbo is the highest yielding 

large seeded red lentil and a direct 

replacement for Aldinga. It is suited to 

most current lentil growing areas where 

it has consistently yielded around 15% 

higher than Aldinga although attaining 

larger seed size is more likely in medium 

to high rainfall zones. 

PBA Jumbo is moderately susceptible 

to BGM and this disease will need to be 

managed in disease prone areas. It has 

resistance to foliar and seed AB, which 

are both improved over Aldinga. 

Plant type and lodging susceptibility is 

similar to Aldinga and like this variety 

PBA Jumbo is well suited to no-till, interrow 

sowing into standing residue. 

PBA Jumbo has improved tolerance 

to soil boron and salinity over Aldinga 

and Nugget. It has a seed size and shape 

similar to Aldinga (20% larger than 

Nugget) and a grey seed coat and like 

Aldinga is well suited to the post-harvest 

removal of small broadleaf weeds seeds. 

Milling quality is better than Nugget 

and it is well suited to premium large red 

split markets such as those in Sri Lanka. 

PBA Jumbo is commercialised by PB 


Large Green Lentils 

SARDI ReSEARCH 

>> sowing the seeds of success! 

www.sardi.sa.gov.au 

Boomer A 

Boomer is a large seeded high yielding 

green lentil released as Australia’s first 

adapted green variety for all lentil 

growing areas. 

It has superior seed size to Matilda 

(approximately 30% larger) making 

it more competitive than this variety 

with overseas varieties in world export 

markets. 

Boomer has a large plant type and 

can produce prolific amounts of growth 

making it prone to lodging under 

favourable growing conditions. 

In less favourable growing conditions its 

improved vigour and plant height can be 

an advantage. It has improved resistance 

to AB and BGM compared to Matilda. 

Boomer will be best adapted to medium 

rainfall areas of southern Australia with 

mild finishing conditions to ensure that 

the large seeds can fully form. 

Ascochyta blight must be managed 

during podding to avoid disease blemish 

on the seed coat. Boomer is moderately 

susceptible to shattering at maturity 

(more susceptible than current varieties). 

Delayed harvest under some conditions 

can result in shattering and/or loss 

of green seed colour resulting in 

downgrading in this variety. Boomer is 

licensed to Seed Net. 

51

52 

Triticale variety sowing guide 2012 

By Ryan Bateman, SARDI, 

and Rob Wheeler, SARDI 

The triticale variety descriptions in 

this publication serve as a guide 

to select varieties for specific end 

uses with disease resistance, agronomic 

traits and yield potential suited to a wide 

range of environments across South 

Australia. 

Triticale is used predominately for stock 

feed and has a smaller market than that 

of other winter cereals, as it needs to 

compete with barley as the preferred feed 

grain. 

Dual purpose varieties are available 

that are suitable for grazing and grain 

production in the higher rainfall areas. 

Triticale will grow on similar soils to 

wheat and barley but has developed a 

reputation to perform on unfavourable 

soil conditions such as acidic and alkaline 

soils and those low in fertility. Good CCN 

resistance in many triticale varieties offers 

a valuable rotation in farming systems. 

Resistance to stripe rust has long been 

a positive feature of growing triticale, 

however new rust strains are causing a 

gradual breakdown of resistance in some 

varieties, creating need for consideration 

in selecting varieties. Please refer to 

the latest disease guides for updated 

information. 

The newest grain varietal releases are 

from Kath Cooper with Yowie (2010) and 

Goanna (2011). Both of these varieties 

are mid-season, spring type, grain only 

triticale’s with good rust resistance and 

CCN resistance. Other varieties released 

in the past two years include the early 

maturing Chopper (AGT) and the dual 

purpose Tuckerbox (Seed Distributors). 

Long term yield data across sites and 

seasons is now available for varieties 

such as Bogong, Canobolas, Hawkeye, 

and Jaywick, with these triticale’s now 

outclassing the foundation varieties 

such as Tahara and Tickit across all 

environments. These varieties offer broad 

adaptation, high yields, and improved 

grain quality relative to Tahara, with 

all except Canobolas offering 

excellent rust resistance. 

A selected range of triticale 

varieties for specific purposes in 

different rainfall zones are shown 

in Table 1 including information 

on agronomic and disease 

characteristics. Table 2 contains 

grain yield performance data 

from SARDI and NVT field trials across 

SA grain growing districts over the past 

10 years. 

Note that all triticale varieties have 

similar grain quality characteristics and 

livestock feed value, which are influenced 

more by seasonal conditions than by 

varietal differences. 

Notes on newer varieties 

Bogong A 

Bogong (tested as H127) was released 

by the University of New England, 

Armidale, in 2008. It is an early to mid 

season flowering (similar to Treat) 

fully awned, stiff strawed, grain variety 

with good resistance to all common 

field strains of rust. Bogong has not 

been tested for CCN resistance but 

is unlikely to show resistance. Bogong 

is a widely adapted spring variety and 

has been one of the top yielders over its 

past four seasons (~20% above Tahara) 

of evaluation across all environments. 

Bogong is protected by PBR with seed 

marketed by Viterra. 

Berkshire A 

Berkshire (tested as JRCT74) has been 

developed in collaboration with the 

University of Sydney and Pork CRC. 

Berkshire has been purpose bred for its 

feed quality traits for pigs. Berkshire is 

mid season maturity (similar to Tahara) 

with good straw strength but is now 

moderately susceptible to stripe rust. 

A PBR variety, seed is available from 

Waratah Seed Co. Ltd. 

Canobolas A 

Canobolas (tested as H418) was 

Ryan Bateman 

released by the Universtiy of 

New England, Armidale, in 

2008. It is an early to mid season 

(similar to Treat), awned, stiff 

strawed grain variety but is 

now moderately susceptible 

– susceptible to stripe rust. 

Canobolas is a widely adapted 

spring variety that has improved 

acid soil tolerance. Canobolas is 

protected by PBR with seed marketed by 

Viterra. 

Chopper A 

Chopper (tested as TSA0219) was 

released by AGT in 2010. Chopper is a 

very early maturing (7-15 days earlier 

than Tahara), fully awned spring triticale 

and is seen as an alternative to Speedee 

offering CCN and rust resistance. It is a 

semi dwarf variety which is shorter than 

all other triticale varieties (approximately 

15% shorter than Tahara) and will 

not lodge to the same extent as other 

varieties in high yielding environments. 

Like Speedee, Chopper performs best in 

short growing season environments (ie. 

sharp finishes) or late sowing situations. 

Grain quality is good and similar to other 

new grain releases. A PBR variety, seed is 

available from AGT Seeds. 

Goanna 

Goanna was released in 2011 by 

Cooper & Elleway as an early-medium 

season (similar heading time to Treat), 

spring type, grain only triticale, which 

is deemed to have good resistance to 

current pathotypes of leaf, stem, and 

stripe rust. Goanna is a fully awned, tall 

variety with CCN resistance, and appears 

to have a reliable grain production and 

quality (good test weight) under drier 

conditions . Goanna is currently under 

yield performance and disease evaluation 

in the 2011 NVT trials for the first time. 

Hawkeye A 

Hawkeye (tested as TSA0108) was 

released by AGT in 2007 and is a broadly 

adapted, mid maturing variety with high

Table 1. Agronomic and disease characteristics of triticale varieties. 

Variety Origin Purpose Rainfall zone and environment Height Maturity Head Type Stripe 

Rust 

yield potential and CCN resistance. It 

also has good resistance to all rusts and 

produces large grain with low screenings 

(similar to Tahara) and good test weight 

(like Treat). It is considered a higher 

yielding alternative to Tahara and a CCN 

and stripe rust resistance alternative 

to Kosciuszko. A PBR variety, seed is 

available from AGT Seeds. 

Jaywick A 

Jaywick (tested as TSA0124) was 

released by AGT in 2007 and is a broadly 

adapted, mid maturing variety with high 

yield potential and CCN resistance. It also 

has good to fair resistance to all rusts and 

produces large grain with low screenings 

and good test weight. It is considered a 

slightly earlier, higher yielding alternative 

to Tahara with good rust resistance. A 

PBR variety, seed is available from AGT 


Rufus 

Rufus (tested as PT344) was released by 

the University of New England in 2004, 

as a dual purpose or hay type. It is a tall, 

mid-season maturity, CCN-resistant variety 

with wide adaptation offering good rust 

resistance. Trial yield results indicate a 

useful grain variety (table 2) but with 

features such as reduced awn length, 

good early vigour and height, there 

is strong interest in it as a hay or dual 

purpose triticale. Rufus is 2-3 days earlier 

than Tahara and is about 5cm taller and 

lodging may be a problem in very high 

rainfall situations. Grain yields at low 

CCN 

Resistance 

/ Tolerance 

Pratylenchus 

neglectus 

Resistance / 

Tolerance 

Pratylenchus 

thornei 

Resistance / 

Tolerance 

Chopper SA Grain Good fit if short growing S-M E W/Awned MR R / MR 

Speedee SA Grain 

season/ Late sown 

M-T E W/Awned S-VS S / T MR-R/MT - 

Berkshire NSW Grain 

- E-M W/Awned MS^ - 

Bogong NSW Grain M-T M W/Awned MS - - - 

Canobolas NSW Grain 

Medium 

M-T M W/Awned MS-S - 

Goanna SA Grain rainfall 

T E-M W / Awned MR^ R 

Hawkeye SA Grain (375mm - 

M-T M W/Awned MR* R - - 

Jaywick SA Grain 

500mm) 

M-T M W/Awned MR* R - - 

Rufus NSW Dual 

Purpose 

T M W/ R Awn MR-MS R / T MR-R/MT MR-R / MT 

Tahara VIC Grain T M W/Awned MS R / T MR-R/MT R / MT 

Tickit SA Grain M M W/Awned MS R / T MR / MT MR 

Treat SA Grain T M W/Awned MR MS / T MS - MR / MT - 

Yowie SA Grain M-T M W / Awned MR^ R 

Tuckerbox SA Dual 

Better suited to 

T M W/ R Awn MR R 

Purpose 

longer season, high 

Crackerjack 

Yukuri 

NSW 

NSW 

Dual 

Purpose 

Dual 

Purpose 

rainfall (450mm+) 

environments as a grain 

crop 

- 

- 

M 

M-L 

W/Awned 

W/ R Awn 

R-MR 

R-MR S 

Tobruk NSW Dual 

Purpose 

Endeavour NSW Dual 

Purpose 

Low rainfall (

54 

Table 2. Yield of selected triticale varieties according to region, expressed as percentage of Tahara’s yield (SARDI and NVT Trials, 2000-2010) 

Murray Mallee Lower Eyre 

Peninsula 

Mid North South East Upper Eyre Peninsula Yorke Peninsula 

Berkshire 107 114 115 117 106 111 

Bogong 116 124 119 124 117 122 

Canobolas 107 114 114 114 109 115 

Chopper 102 105 105 104 100 104 

Hawkeye 107 109 108 111 103 105 

Jaywick 107 108 107 113 102 106 

Kosciuszko 95 99 98 98 95 99 

Rufus 100 102 101 101 97 103 

Speedee 98 97 96 92 96 94 

Tahara 100 100 100 100 100 100 

Tickit 102 101 100 102 98 101 

Tobruk 102 103 107 116 102 105 

Tuckerbox - 94 93 92 - 96 

Yukuri - 102 - 103 - - 

Tahara’s Yield (t/ha) 1.56 2.82 3.22 4.15 2.04 2.17 

Yowie A 

Yowie was released in 2010 as a medium 

season (slightly later heading than 

Tahara), spring type, grain only triticale, 

which has good resistance to current 

pathotypes of stem, stripe, and leaf rust, 

as well as CCN resistance. 

Yowie is a fully awned, medium-tall, 

modest yielding variety, with relatively 

good test weight and low screenings 

recorded from its initial year of 

evaluation in the 2010 NVT trials. 

However further evaluation for yield and 

disease is required. A PBR variety, seed is 

available from Cooper & Elleway. 

Tahara and Tickit 

Tahara has long been the comon 

triticale variety for use in cereal rotations 

in most districts up to 500 mm average 

annual rainfall. However one notable 

disadvantage of the variety is that lodging 

can be a problem under high yielding 

situations. 

Tickit was released by the University of 

Adelaide triticale breeding program in 

2002 to replace Tahara offering slightly 

shorter plant with stiffer straw and a 2% 

yield advantage to Tahara. 

Both Tickit and Tahara offer good 

resistance to CCN and root lesion 

nematode (Pratylenchus neglectus) making 

them a valuable disease break, however 

both are now moderately susceptible to 

stripe rust and outclassed by the newer 

grain varieties for yield. Seed of Tahara 

and Tickit may be purchased from 

commercial growers. 

Kosciuszko and Treat 

These two varieties are medium 

maturing, grain only varieties which do 

not have CCN resistance. Kosciuszko is 

very susceptible to susceptible to stripe 

rust, whereas Treat has moderate rust 

resistance with excellent test weights. 

Tuckerbox 

Tuckerbox is a late-medium season, tall, 

high tillering variety with reduced awn 

head type, which may be grown for forage 

or grain. Released in 2010, Tuckerbox 

has good resistance to all rusts and 

CCN. However further evaluation is still 

required.Tuckerbox is a PBR variety with 

seed royalty only, and is marketed by Seed 

Distributors. 

Yukuri 

Yukuri originated from the University 

of New England in 2004, and is a latemedium 

season variety with reduced 

awn head type, suitable for forage and 

grain production in environments with 

450 mm+ rainfall. It has very good rust 

resistance, but is susceptible to CCN. 

Non-PBR variety handled by Seed 

Distributors. 

Long term NVT data is not yet available 

for Tuckerbox and Yukuri, however both 

feature in the 2011 SA NVT trials. 

Dual purpose grazing/grain varieties 

Dual purpse varieties all have high dry 

matter production, on a par with forage 

oats and are considered to provide 

a good alternative as a hay crop, but 

generally require early sowing or a longer 

growing season to achieve good grain 

production. 

Jackie and Breakwell, released by the 

University of Sydney in 2001 and 2005 

respectively, are CCN resistant with 

reduced awns and have proven suitable 

for quality hay production in the mid 

north of SA. They are now highly 

susceptible to stripe rust and therefore no 

longer recommended. 

Recent releases include Crackerjack 

in 2004 by Heritage Seeds, Endeavour 

and Tobruk in 2007 by the University 

of Sydney. Endeavour has reduced awns 

and Tobruk is fully awned, with both 

being long season varieties targeted to 

the higher rainfall regions and offering 

potential for hay production. 

Endeavour has good rust resistance, 

while Tobruk is now susceptible to stripe 

rust. 

Tobruk has performed at its best in the 

higher rainfall regions of SA, but overall 

appears to have a fit in SA offering a 

genuine dual purpose and longer season 

grain only variety. 

Certified seed for these two varieties can 

be obtained from Waratah Seed Co. Ltd. 

Crackerjack is another fully awned winter 

type triticale used for forage production 

in long season high rainfall environments 

and is marketed by Heritage Seeds. 

Long term yields are not yet available 

for Endeavour and Crackerjack, as they 

have not been widely evaluated across 

seasons within SA NVT and therefore 

further evaluation is needed.

For further technical information call: 

National Cropping Manager 

Sean Coffey 

0428 652 226 

or 

James Cook & the Wingfield Office Staff 

14 -16 Hakkinen Road, Wingfield, SA 5013 

Phone (08) 8445 1111 

Fax (08) 8445 7777 

www.seeddistributors.com.au 

Or Your local Area Sales Manager: 

Queensland Michael Christensen 0430 821 029 

Northern NSW Paul Sippel 0427 255 292 

Central and Southern NSW Shannon Cummings 0425 871 968 

Gippsland and Northern Victoria Tim Francis 0419 995 416 

Western District and SE SA David Barnett 0429 999 155 

Eyre Peninsula SA Sean Coffey 0428 652 226 

SA / VIC Mallee James Cook 0430 353 006 

55

56 

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CBWA0059

Lentil variety sowing guide 2012 - Seed Distributors

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