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248 Book Reviews Authors have focused on horticulture development to address the multiple challenges of ending poverty, improving nutrition and sustaining rural communities in the tribal areas. They have discussed various issues of Horticulture in India, production features of horticulture and reasons for BAIF model replicability. In the third chapter, BAIF genesis is discussed at length. Further, they presented the history of orchard (Wadi) development with emphasis on wasteland development, food security during gestation, women empowerment, timeline on evolution of the orchard (Wadi) and status of orchards in six States viz., Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. In the fifth chapter, authors have presented the Wadi project concept and design with details on activities for orchard programme and development intervention for the entire tribal community including micro watershed development, value addition and market linkages and demystification of technology for adoption (with checklist of year-wise activities). Authors have emphasised on planning for gainful employment through cluster approach, evolution of BAIFs approach such as process of micro-level planning with technoeconomic parameters of fruit crops, capacity building and micro credit disbursal and repayment facilities. In the seventh chapter, six success stories have been discussed. Considering the global experiences, BAIF has initiated building grassroot institutions for sustainability. Formation of people’s organisations and Self-Help Groups, their stagewise development are discussed with reference to BAIF Model. The approaches discussed above are location specific and would offer deep insight to extension development for effective transfer of technology in wasteland Journal of Rural Development, Vol. 31, No. 2, April - June : 2012 development programmes. This is recommended for students, field demonstrators, extension officials and researchers. – Dr. V. Suresh Babu Women Empowerment through Literacy Campaign : Role of Social Work by Jaimon Varghese, Concept Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, Pages 294, Price ` 750. Participation in the literacy campaigns is a challenge for the literacy workers. Despite active participation and involvement in the literacy campaigns, if the literacy workers engaged in the advocacy of literacy programmes are not empowered, all efforts to affect a literacy programme would be a futile exercise. In this publication the author has made substantial efforts to provide an understanding on the efforts made to empower the women literacy workers who were trained by providing ‘Special literacy classes’ in the literacy campaign mission before spearheading them for the literacy campaigns. These classes were provided with a twin strategy to improve the capabilities and development of the personality of the women literacy volunteers as they engage and involve in literacy campaigns. The author has systematically followed the chapterisation of the study by footing in eight chapters with an additional chapter on conclusion. The first chapter presents the status of the women in Rural India while the subsequent chapters until chapter five constitute the chapters on research methodology. Chapter six has eloquently dealt with the role of Literacy Work and the process of empowerment of the women literacy workers. Chapters seven and eight have powerfully brought out the problems and impact of literacy on the lives of the women literacy workers and the participants of the National Literacy Campaign. However, through
Book Reviews 249 these chapterisations the author has tried vehemently to show that women literacy volunteers have been empowered socially, economically and politically, in the process of being trained for the literacy campaigns. The author has resorted to the quantitative epistemological findings to study the extent of empowerment of women literacy workers. Through the various chapters, the author has constructed the existing status of women and is of the opinion that literacy has not contributed to the achievement of empowerment. From the discussions in phased manner through various chapters it emerges that women literacy workers though educated and trained in addressing the campaigns go through similar restrictions and constraints that women in general in the rural society undergo. The author also admits that the established codes of conduct which are potentially exploitative in nature are loud and actively followed undisputedly in the rural society. The author also opines that there is no difference in the gendered discriminatory practices while comparing the pre and posttraining period. However, there is an enhanced social empowerment in terms of decision making in household affairs. But in specific circumstances especially those that are associated with the purchase and ownership of property, women’s voices are throttled and their representation does not cross the boundaries of the house, nevertheless here and there spurts of empowerment are seen or experienced as voices of very few women are heard and considered for owning property and gaining registration in their name in the study area. Apart from socio-economic and political empowerment of women literacy volunteers, the author sees a remarkable change in the personalities of the trained literacy workers as they have gained courage to come out of their houses and conduct the campaigns and gradually in the process, they are accepted as leaders. According to the author, the political Journal of Rural Development, Vol. 31, No. 2, April - June : 2012 empowerment has been significantly faster as there has been a cognitively improved participation of women in gram sabha meetings. Therefore, the author concludes that literacy empowers women and unhesitatingly considers this stage as a precondition for volunteering for literacy work, which built in an assured self-confidence to participate in the post-literacy campaigns. The other practical outcomes of the participation in the campaigns were vivid in terms of the enhanced abilities of the women to read, write and to do little mathematic, withdrawal from observing purdah system, improvement in interactions, satisfaction in teaching the mothers-in-law which are the visible consequences of the participation in the campaign and have helped them as they campaigned. Findings documented by the author on the impact of the campaign on the women literacy workers and his findings in terms of the empowerment of women are more generic in nature. These findings supporting the decision making powers of women in the modern times confining only to the kitchen seems to be limited since women have gone far ahead from the kitchen empowerment and these days are into social and economic empowerment. By and large, the author of the study has followed the usual requirements of the research and has established his findings systematically by concluding on some relevant suggestions. The book has been well organised and published by the Concept Publishing Company. – Dr. G. Valentina Development of Special Economic Zones in India, Volume 1, Edited by M. Soundarapandian, 2012, published by Concept Publishing Company, A/15-16, Commercial Block, Mohan Garden, New Delhi-110059, pp. 344, Price ` 2000. Few selected papers presented in the seminar on ‘The Prospects and Implications of
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Factors Influencing Wage Structure
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Institutional Arrangements for Farm
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Employment of Rural Women in Sericu
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India's Total Sanitation Campaign :
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