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LAr purification and LAr purity measurement

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<strong>LAr</strong> <strong>purification</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>LAr</strong> <strong>purity</strong><br />

<strong>measurement</strong><br />

on behalf of A. DI Vacri<br />

Technology developed by INFN groups in the framework of ICARUS ICARUS<br />

project. ICARUS LNGS group (F. Arneodo, Arneodo,<br />

F. Cavanna, Cavanna,<br />

O. Palamara<br />

<strong>and</strong> coworkers (A. Ferella)) Ferella))<br />

significantly improved the technology of<br />

<strong>purity</strong> monitor <strong>and</strong> prepared “quasi quasi off-shell off shell” devices.<br />

This technique is at present used to monitor <strong>LAr</strong>/LXe <strong>purity</strong> in<br />

ICARUS<br />

WARP<br />

XENON<br />

Slides provided by N. Canci & F. Arneodo, Arneodo,<br />

ICARUS collaboration.<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 1


In noble liquid gas are present at level of ppms<br />

some electronegative species (O 2, , CO 2, , N 2O, O, etc.) etc.)<br />

that cause the reduction of the charge produced by<br />

ionization. ionization<br />

Electronegative atoms <strong>and</strong> molecules (S) capture free<br />

electrons: electrons<br />

S + e<br />

−<br />

→ S<br />

−<br />

The reaction constant :<br />

k S<br />

= ∫ σ(E)f(E)dE<br />

•E E electron energy<br />

•σ(E) (E) cross section of the process<br />

•f(E) f(E) Maxwell-Boltzmann<br />

Maxwell Boltzmann distribution<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 2


•Ne number of electrons generated by an ionizing<br />

particle (23.6 eV energy needed to produce an e- - Ar<br />

pair, pair,<br />

i.e. 1 MeV electron produce 4 x 10 4 e- - Ar + ). In<br />

presence of E field couples are separated <strong>and</strong> can be<br />

collected at respective electrodes provided they are<br />

not trapped along their path. path.<br />

•NS impurities concentration<br />

dN<br />

= −<br />

dt<br />

e kSNSNe<br />

τ =<br />

1<br />

S S N k<br />

Ne e time variation: variation<br />

is the electron lifetime<br />

Ar +<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 3<br />

N<br />

e<br />

(t)<br />

Example: Example:<br />

Ns ~ 1 ppm (<strong>LAr</strong> industrial grade ) -> > τ~ ~ 1 μsec sec<br />

=<br />

N<br />

e0<br />

⋅e<br />

t<br />

−<br />

τ


20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 4


Purification of noble liquid gases<br />

Molecular sieves: sieves<br />

• Hydrosorb<br />

• Oxisorb<br />

• Hopcalite<br />

• Trigon (Cu,<br />

Oxisorb (Cr Cr)<br />

Hopcalite (Mn Mn, , Cu) Cu<br />

)<br />

Cu, Mn, Mn,<br />

Co, Co,<br />

Ni) Ni<br />

[provato per la prima volta in<br />

ambiente criogenico]<br />

criogenico<br />

Filtration by these sieves reduces the O 2 concentration<br />

at level < 0.1 ppb<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 5


Il monitor di purezza<br />

Piccola camera a deriva<br />

• Anode<br />

• Cathode<br />

• Grids<br />

• Optical fiber to<br />

illuminate photocathode<br />

by UV light<br />

• Photocathode<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 6<br />

E<br />

e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-


The <strong>purity</strong> monitor: principle of operation<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 7


How do we measure electron lifetime in <strong>LAr</strong>?<br />

<strong>LAr</strong><br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 8


Vk<br />

Δt<br />

Va<br />

Anode<br />

Cathode<br />

2nd grid<br />

1st grid<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 9


20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 10


20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 11


20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 12


Il nuovo prototipo di Monitor<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 13


•Passante Passante elettrico per alta tensione<br />

di nuova concezione<br />

•Passanti Passanti ottici Caburn<br />

Barre lavorate in Vespel<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 14


Realizzazione<br />

apparato per la misura in liquidi nobili<br />

della carica fotoestratta e della purezza<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 15


Il segnale di fotoestrazione<br />

Q =<br />

N<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 16<br />

e<br />

e =<br />

Q.E. =<br />

∆V<br />

α<br />

q<br />

Q<br />

e<br />

e<br />

N<br />

N<br />

e<br />

γ


Struttura dell’apparato dell apparato con il nuovo Monitor<br />

• Monitor<br />

• Camera di contenimento<br />

• Recipiente esterno<br />

• Serbatoio di liquido nobile<br />

• Filtri molecolari<br />

• Pompa turbomolecolare<br />

• Sorgente UV impulsata<br />

• Interfaccia elettronica<br />

• Oscilloscopio<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 17


Forma d’onda d onda e rampa in tensione<br />

Q K<br />

τ =<br />

−<br />

Q A<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 18<br />

t d<br />

td<br />

Q<br />

ln<br />

Q<br />

A<br />

K


Some results on <strong>measurement</strong>s of τe- as a<br />

function of drift E field for GaAs photocathode<br />

GaAs<br />

con filtri<br />

Oxisorb<br />

&<br />

Hopcalite<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 19


Some results on <strong>measurement</strong>s of τe- as a<br />

function of drift E field for CsI photocathode<br />

CsI<br />

con filtro<br />

Trigon<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 20


Misura di τ nella camera bifasica da 2.3 l<br />

dell’esperimento dell esperimento WARP<br />

Monitor<br />

WARP<br />

τ=f =f(E) (E) e<br />

decresce con E<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 21


μs<br />

Misura della purezza dello Xe liquido<br />

V/cm<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 22


Technology transfer to GERDA<br />

• ICARUS is ready to provide (meeting on 16th may)<br />

– a <strong>LAr</strong> <strong>purity</strong> monitor (a spare device) to associate<br />

<strong>measurement</strong> of electronegative impurities concentration to<br />

crystal LC value once crystal & surrounding <strong>LAr</strong> are irradiated by<br />

γ-source source<br />

– to borrow a TRIGON cartridge to test effect of <strong>LAr</strong> <strong>purification</strong><br />

on crystal LC.<br />

• Another <strong>LAr</strong> <strong>purity</strong> monitor for LARGE should be built.<br />

• Possible at LNGS mechanical workshop where all the<br />

exiting <strong>LAr</strong> <strong>purity</strong> monitor have been built up to now. All<br />

mechanical drawings <strong>and</strong> raw material <strong>and</strong> mainly know<br />

how is there.<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 23


Dipendenza di τ dal campo elettrico di deriva<br />

• Nei test effettuati con i filtri Oxisorb ed<br />

Hopcalite con fotocatodo di GaAs<br />

• Nei test condotti con il filtro Trigon con<br />

fotocatodo di CsI<br />

• Nella misura del tempo di vita medio in WARP<br />

• Nella misura della vita media in XENON<br />

τ=1/ =1/k N S S<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 24


Conclusioni<br />

• Realizzazione di un apparato per la<br />

rapida caratterizzazione in vuoto di<br />

materiali fotoemissivi<br />

• Caratterizzazione di vari fotocatodi<br />

• Realizzazione di monitor di purezza<br />

“quasi quasi portatile” portatile con soluzioni innovative<br />

• Test di diversi purificatori<br />

• Misure di vita media in Ar e Xe liquidi e<br />

osservazione di effetto di dipendenza<br />

dal campo elettrico<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 25


Sviluppi Futuri<br />

• Effettuare ulteriori misure con<br />

differenti purificatori, anche a lungo<br />

termine, in grado di eliminare CO 2 e N 2O O<br />

per comprendere quale molecola sia<br />

effettivamente responsabile degli<br />

<strong>and</strong>amenti osservati<br />

• Test a lungo termine dell’efficienza dell efficienza del<br />

fotocatodo di CsI<br />

20/06/2007 C.Cattadori- C.Cattadori Geel GERDA meeting 26

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