Auto/Steel Partnership - American Iron and Steel Institute

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Abstract 2 Rail Concept Development This report documents the development of rail concepts for the Phase II donor vehicle, employing Advanced High Strength Steel materials (AHSS). These concepts would be further developed into concrete designs and would be evaluated for performance, cost and manufacturability. The most feasible design will eventually be prototyped, assembled into the donor vehicle and tested for NCAP performance. This is the ultimate goal of Phase II of the Lightweight Front End Structure Project. Auto/Steel Partnership
Table of Contents 3 Rail Concept Development Table of Contents................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures......................................................................................................................................... 4 List of Tables.......................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Objectives........................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Rail Concepts Summary .................................................................................................................... 5 3. Existing Rail Architecture ................................................................................................................... 6 4. Best Stamped Design ...................................................................................................................... 16 5. Best Hydroformed Design................................................................................................................ 24 6. Design Comparisons........................................................................................................................ 27 7. Conclusions...................................................................................................................................... 28 8. Future Work...................................................................................................................................... 28 9. References....................................................................................................................................... 29 Auto/Steel Partnership
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Auto/Steel Partnership
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Contents Introduction..............
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Formability .......................
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LIGHTWEIGHT FRONT END STRUCTURE Pha
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Structural Performance Targets [3]
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Formability Requirements [8] LIGHTW
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Design Space LIGHTWEIGHT FRONT END
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Initial Front End Package LIGHTWEIG
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Upgraded Front End Package LIGHTWEI
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Figure 2.4: Topological Changes to
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Seat/floor panel peak acceleration
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HIC Chest peak acceleration (g) 100
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Structural Targets LIGHTWEIGHT FRON
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Bumper Design LIGHTWEIGHT FRONT END
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umper rail joint. Case Bumper Beam
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B- Pillar Acceleration (g) 30.0 25.
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X - Acceleration (g) 35.00 30.00 25
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35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 Figure 4.1
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Parametric Study / LIGHTWEIGHT FRON
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Results Summary LIGHTWEIGHT FRONT E
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* Baseline values Parameters D.O.E.
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* Baseline values LIGHTWEIGHT FRONT
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NCAP Parametric Study LIGHTWEIGHT F
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acc (g) 50 40 30 20 10 0 Max B-Pill
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Normalized Grade Normalized Grade 7
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Design Variables: Acceleration
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X-Acceleration (g) 35 30 25 20 15 1
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Stiffness (N/m) Stiffness (N/m) 60.
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Normalized SS Normalized SS 50 45 4
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Normalized Grade Normalized Grade 5
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Intrusion (cm) Intrusion (cm) 30.0
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Intrusion (cm) Intrusion (cm) 30 25
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Performance Matrix Computer Aided L
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References 1) Phase I Structural Pe
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Intrusion (cm) X-Acceleration (g) 4
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Design Design Mass Saving (Kg) 0 -
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X-Accel (g) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 LIGH
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Optimal Design 7 LIGHTWEIGHT FRONT
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S. No Part Name LIGHTWEIGHT FRONT E
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X-Accel (g) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
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Design Design Mass Delta (Kg) Mass
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S. No. Part Name Part ID LH Part ID
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Description Torsional Stiffness (N-
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X-Accel 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 LIGHT
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S. No Part Name DOE Baseline LIGHTW
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References 1) Phase I Structural Pe
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Figure 8.2: Drawbeads Location Figu
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Figure 8.7: Formability - Dash Pane
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Figure 8.11: Formability - Rocker I
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Figure 8.18: Formability - Rail Inn
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Figure 8.47: Minor Strain Figure 8.
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Figure 8.56: Front Rail Inner - Maj
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Simulation Results Figure 8.60: Fro
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Cost Model LIGHTWEIGHT FRONT END ST
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Knowledge Base LIGHTWEIGHT FRONT EN
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Table of Contents 3 Lightweight Fro
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List of Tables 5 Lightweight Front
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4. Results Summary 7 Lightweight Fr
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Table 2: Grade and Gauge Summary of
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FE Model Validation (4), (5), (6) 1
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6. Rail Concept Development Three r
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Best Hydroformed Design The Hydrofo
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Best Stamped Design The Stamped Des
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Figure 11: Bumper Assembly 19 Light
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Figure 14: Stamped Rail and Attache
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23 Lightweight Front End Structure
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B Pillar X-Acceleration (g) . 40 35
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8. Knowledge Base 27 Lightweight Fr
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9. Manufacturing 29 Lightweight Fro
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Thinning < 10% : Design Feasible 31
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Original Prototyping Processes Fina
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Figure 22: Front Rail Inner/Outer F
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Figure 26: Bumper Assembly 37 Light
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Dimensional Tolerance Analyses 39 L
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Figure 32: Bumper Tolerances 41 Lig
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Figure 34: Weld Fixtures Figure 35:
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Figure 37: NCAP Test - Front View F
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Figure 41: NCAP Test - Bumper Close
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12. Conclusions 49 Lightweight Fron
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14. Appendix A: FE Model Model mass
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15. Appendix B: Milestone Reports 1
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16. Appendix C: A/SP Reports A/SP E
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Abstract 2 Competitive Benchmarking
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List of Figures 4 Competitive Bench
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6 Competitive Benchmarking Rigid Fi
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8 Competitive Benchmarking The foll
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Figure 5: Rail Deformations at 0ms:
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Figure 9: Rail Deformations at 40ms
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3.1. Design 0 This design served as
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4. Subsystem Comparison 16 Competit
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Competitive Benchmarking Figure 16:
Page 292 and 293: 5. Conclusions 20 Competitive Bench
Page 294 and 295: 8. Appendix A: Animations 22 Prelim
Page 296 and 297: Abstract 2 Competitive Benchmarking
Page 298 and 299: Competitive Benchmarking List of Fi
Page 300 and 301: 1. Objectives 6 Competitive Benchma
Page 302 and 303: Model/Make Front Rail Cross- Table
Page 304 and 305: 2002 Honda Accord � Straight rail
Page 306 and 307: 2003 Toyota Corolla 4 Dr Sedan �
Page 308 and 309: 5. Conclusions The following design
Page 310 and 311: Competitive Benchmarking 8. Appendi
Page 312 and 313: 2001 VW Golf Figure 11: VW Golf - R
Page 314 and 315: Figure 13: VW Golf - Front Rails (i
Page 316 and 317: 2002 VW Passat Figure 15: VW Passat
Page 318 and 319: 2001 Mercedes Benz S-500 24 Competi
Page 320 and 321: Figure 19: Mercedes Benz S-500 - Fi
Page 322 and 323: Figure 22: Honda Accord - Front Rai
Page 324 and 325: 2002 Honda Civic Figure 24: Honda C
Page 326 and 327: Figure 27: Honda Civic - Front Rail
Page 328 and 329: 2003 Honda Pilot Figure 29: Honda P
Page 330 and 331: Figure 33: Lexus LS430 - First Cros
Page 332 and 333: Front Rail Rear Rail Front Rail Fig
Page 334 and 335: Figure 39: Toyota Camry - Bumper Cr
Page 336 and 337: 2003 Saturn Ion Figure 42 LH front
Page 338 and 339: 2002 Saturn VUE Figure 45: LH front
Page 340 and 341: 2002 Lincoln LS Figure 49: Lincoln
Page 344 and 345: List of Figures 4 Rail Concept Deve
Page 346 and 347: 3. Existing Rail Architecture 6 Rai
Page 348 and 349: Figure 3: LH Rail Assembly 8 Rail C
Page 350 and 351: Figure 5: Bumper Assembly 10 Rail C
Page 352 and 353: Rail Concept Development European p
Page 354 and 355: Rail Concept Development sweep, wid
Page 356 and 357: 4. Best Stamped Design 16 Rail Conc
Page 358 and 359: Rail Concept Development The rail c
Page 360 and 361: Figure 14: Additional Reinforcement
Page 362 and 363: Rail Concept Development Phase I st
Page 364 and 365: 5. Best Hydroformed Design 24 Rail
Page 366 and 367: Figure 20: LH Rail - Plan View 26 R
Page 368 and 369: 7. Conclusions 28 Rail Concept Deve
Page 370 and 371: Validated FE Models Milestone 5 Lig
Page 372 and 373: Table of Contents 3 Validated FE Mo
Page 374 and 375: 1. Objectives 5 Validated FE Models
Page 376 and 377: Figure 1: NCAP Full Vehicle FE Mode
Page 378 and 379: 4. NCAP Response Figure 4: Deformat
Page 380 and 381: B Pillar X-Acceleration (g) . B Pil
Page 382 and 383: B Pillar X-Velocity (mm/sec) . B Pi
Page 384 and 385: 5. IIHS Response Figure 14: Deforma
Page 386 and 387: Figure 17: Deformation of Front End
Page 388 and 389: 8. Appendix A: Animations 19 Valida
Page 390 and 391: Component Name ID Property Name ID
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23 Validated FE Models tir2.l 71113
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25 Validated FE Models trqbox1.r 11
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27 Validated FE Models ailctr2.l 12
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29 Validated FE Models foam 9006002
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31 Validated FE Models tipof bin 90
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Abstract 2 Enhanced FE Models This
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List of Figures 4 Enhanced FE Model
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3. Model Modifications 6 Enhanced F
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Figure 4: IP Coarse Mesh Model Figu
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Figure 8: Windshield Coarse Mesh Mo
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Figure 11: NCAP Full Vehicle FE Mod
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Figure 15: Deformation of Front End
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B Pillar X-Acceleration (g) . B Pil
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Table 5: NCAP Crash Events Time (ms
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6. Conclusions 22 Enhanced FE Model
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9. Appendix A: Animations 24 Enhanc
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Component Name 26 Enhanced FE Model
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28 Enhanced FE Models tir2.l 71113
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30 Enhanced FE Models trqbox1.r 110
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32 Enhanced FE Models ailctr2.l 128
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34 Enhanced FE Models foam 90060029
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36 Enhanced FE Models tipof bin 900
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Abstract 2 DOE FE Models This repor
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List of Figures 4 DOE FE Models Fig
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were penetrating the ground. Fricti
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Interference of parts was reduced s
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Figure 1: Output Locations for NCAP
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Figure 5: IP Fine Mesh Model Figure
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Figure 9: Windshield Fine Mesh Mode
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Figure 13: NCAP Full Vehicle FE Mod
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DOE FE Models Table 6: NCAP Crash E
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Intrusion (mm) 40 20 -20 -40 -60 26
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9. References 1) Validated FE Model
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11. Appendix B: Summary of FE Model
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DOE FE Models MTG1 60412 SectShll10
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DOE FE Models can.1 61106 90060011
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DOE FE Models outer.1 61209 9006011
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DOE FE Models fbhplrrnf1.r 61624 Se
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DOE FE Models out_front_lh_doo 6204
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Abstract 2 Concept 1 Subsystem Desi
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List of Figures 4 Concept 1 Subsyst
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Figure 1: Subsystem of Concept 1 De
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Concept 1 Subsystem Design The subs
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Internal Energy (kN-mm) 16000 14000
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6. References 1) ULSAB Model with U
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design Miles
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Table of Contents 3 Concept 1: Prel
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1. Objectives 5 Concept 1: Prelimin
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Figure 2: Reinforcements Removed 7
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Figure 4: New Bumper Design 9 Conce
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4. FE Model - Output Location Summa
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5. NCAP Response The figures below
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B Pillar X-Velocity (mm/sec) . B Pi
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6. IIHS Response IIHS intrusions ar
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7. Conclusions 19 Concept 1: Prelim
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10. Appendix A: Animations 21 Conce
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design rrcrd
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design ep_70
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design modpl
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design drlwh
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design accl.
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Concept 1: DOE Study Milestone 11 L
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Table of Contents 3 Concept 1: DOE
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1. Objectives 5 Concept 1: DOE The
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Concept 1: DOE Figure 4-6 show the
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6. Conclusions 11 Concept 1: DOE An
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9. Appendix A: Concept1 Baseline FE
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Concept 1: DOE MTG1 60412 SectShll1
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Concept 1: DOE can2 61105 90060010
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Concept 1: DOE bintongue 61208 9006
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Concept 1: DOE fbhplrrnf1.l 61623 S
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23 Concept 1: DOE SpotWelds 62039 N
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Abstract 2 Concept 1: Final Design
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List of Figures 4 Concept 1: Final
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Concept 1: Final Design The Final D
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Part Baseline Design Table 5: Grade
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7. Conclusions 16 Concept 1: Final
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Concept 1: Final Design Component N
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Figure 2: LH Inner & Outer Rails 7
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Figure 4: LH Skirt Reinforcement 9
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Figure 6: New Bumper Design - Close
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13 Concept 2: Preliminary Design Ta
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B Pillar X-Velocity (mm/sec) . B Pi
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Abstract 2 Concept 1: Preliminary D
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List of Figures 4 Concept 1: Prelim
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3. DOE Responses 6 Concept 1: Preli
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Concept 2: Final Design Milestone 1
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Table of Contents 3 Concept 2: Fina
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1. Objectives 5 Concept 2: Final De
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Outboard Rail Figure 2: LH Inner &
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Figure 4: New Bumper Design 9 Conce
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Figure 6: Bumper Attachment 11 Conc
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The figures below summarize the NCA
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Concept 2: Final Design Table 6: NC
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7. Conclusions 19 Concept 2: Final
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design lcarn
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design tire1
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design pivot
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design fdrbd
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design rbmpb
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12. Appendix C: Attached Parts Figu
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Figure 24: Front Cradle Mount 36 Co
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Figure 26: Torque Box 38 Concept 1:
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Figure 28: Battery 40 Concept 1: Pr
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Figure 3: LH Rail - Isometric View
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design The r
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Figure 9: New Bumper Design - Half
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Figure 10: Output Locations for NCA
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B Pillar X-Velocity (mm/sec) . 4000
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6. IIHS Response 17 Concept 1: Prel
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Toepan Right Intrusion (mm) A-B Pil
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design tieba
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design upper
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design outer
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design gusse
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Concept 1: Preliminary Design out_r
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Figure 22: Attached Parts - Side Vi
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Figure 25: Suspension Panel 37 Conc
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Figure 27: Rear Cradle Mount 39 Con
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Figure 29: Tie Bar 41 Concept 1: Pr
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Abstract 2 Concept 3: DOE This repo
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List of Figures 4 Concept 3: DOE Fi
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3. DOE Model 6 Concept 3: DOE The D
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Norm SS 30 25 20 Norm SS 15 10 5 0
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Concept 3: Final Design Milestone 1
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Table of Contents 3 Concept 3: Fina
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1. Objectives 5 Concept 3: Final De
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Figure 3: LH Rail - Isometric View
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9 Concept 3: Final Design The rail
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Figure 9: New Bumper Design - Half
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Figure 10: Output Locations for NCA
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B Pillar X-Velocity (mm/sec) . 4000
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6. IIHS Response 17 Concept 3: Fina
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Toepan Right Intrusion (mm) A-B Pil
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25 Concept 3: Final Design tiebar4.
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27 Concept 3: Final Design ai_icebo
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29 Concept 3: Final Design part.15
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31 Concept 3: Final Design rrhdr 61
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12. Appendix C: Attached Parts Figu
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Figure 24: Front Cradle Mount 35 Co
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Figure 26: Torque Box 37 Concept 3:
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Figure 28: Battery 39 Concept 3: Fi
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Bumper Formability Milestone 19 Lig
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Table of Contents 3 Bumper Formabil
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1. Objectives 5 Bumper Formability
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4. Bumper Formability Results 9 Bum
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Target Thinning
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Figure 7: Bumper Outer - FLD Curve
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NCAP DOE Response Surface Milestone
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Table of Contents 3 NCAP DOE Respon
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1. Objectives 5 NCAP DOE Response S
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Figure 2: LH Rail Assembly 7 NCAP D
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Rail Extension 3. NCAP Response Sur
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Abstract 2 IIHS DOE Response Surfac
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List of Figures 4 IIHS DOE Response
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Figure 1: Bumper 6 IIHS DOE Respons
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Outboard Rail Figure 3: LH Inner &
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5. Conclusions 12 IIHS DOE Response
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Final Optimized Design Milestone 22
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Table of Contents 3 Final Optimized
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1. Objectives 5 Final Optimized Des
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Table 3: Static Stiffness Results 7
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Rail Extension Rail Extension Reinf
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5. NCAP Response The figures below
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Abstract 2 Analysis of Vehicle With
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List of Figures 4 Analysis of Vehic
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3. Modifications to Final Design 6
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Figure 2: Front Cradle Mounts Figur
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Figure 6: Rail Extension Welds A ma
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5. NCAP Response 14 Analysis of Veh
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vel (mm/sec) 4000 2000 -4000 -6000
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Table of Contents Section Descripti
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List of Figures Number Title Page 1
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List Of Photographs, Cont'd. Descri
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Purpose This 56 km/h (35 mph) front
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Section 2.0 Impact Test Summary 2-1
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Data Acquisition Explanations The p
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Table 2 General Test and Vehicle Pa
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Test vehicle's target test weight:
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Table 3 Post-Impact Data Test type:
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Figure 2 Load Cell Barrier Configur
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3 7 4 5 3 4 6 5 6 Figure 3 Vehicle
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Figure 4 Vehicle Crush Data Vehicle
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Figure 5 Vehicle Intrusion Measurem
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I L K J M Figure 7 Vehicle Intrusio
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Figure 9 Vehicle Toeboard Measureme
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2 6 7 4 5 3 Figure 10 Camera Positi
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Figure 11 Vehicle Reference Photo T
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Figure A-1 Pre-Test Front View Figu
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Figure A-5 Pre-Test Left Side View
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Figure A-9 Pre-Test Rear View Figur
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Figure A-13 Pre-Test Right Side Vie
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Figure A-17 Pre-Test Overhead View
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Figure A-20 Pre-Test Front Underbod
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Figure A-24 Pre-Test Mid Underbody
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Figure A-28 Pre-Test Rear Underbody
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Figure A-32 Pre-Test Fuel Filler Ne
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Figure A-35 Pre-Test Windshield Vie
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Figure A-39 Pre-Test Right Front Wi
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Appendix C Miscellaneous Test Instr
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Frequency Response Classes SAE J211
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Correlation of Vehicle With New Rai
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3. NCAP Response Correlation of Veh
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acc (g) acc (g) 50 40 30 20 10 0 50
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force (N) 1.0E+06 9.0E+05 8.0E+05 7
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Table of Contents Proteus Guideline
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction...
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1 Introduction Proteus Guidelines T
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Powertrain Front-end Package of Pha
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• LH and RH Pulse - NCAP B-pillar
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7.1 Online Help Click on the Help o
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Add or Delete an Architecture Click
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7.4 Compute Response Scroll down th
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DoE Parameters Click on the Paramet
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Error Plots Click on the Error Grap
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7.5 Load a Design from the Library
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Deleting a User Design Click on the
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7.8 Optimize Design Click on the Op
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Figure 16: Proteus Optimizer Page
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Initial Front-End Package: Phase I
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Initial Front-End Package: Phase I
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1 18 17 4 5 Figure 1: Front-End Par
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18 20 17 8 10 4 5 9 6 Figure 3: Fro
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4/27 9/33 5/28 17/31 6/29 9/30 1/24
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Normalized Grade -13.8 -12.7 700 MP
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Table of Contents 1 Front-End DoE P
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34 Panel Body Side Outer Top & B-Pi
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19 21 17 6 4 18 5 16 9 Figure 1: Fr
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S.N. 1 2 Table 4: Topological Param
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Normalized Grade 500 MPa 2 1 Overal
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4 IIHS Study of Upgraded Front-End
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18/39 4/27 17/ 38 21/42 5/28 6/29 2
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Stamped Design: Phase II Lightweigh
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1 DOE Parts Rail Front Inner/Outer
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3 NCAP/IIHS Studies The NCAP/IIHS D
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4 References 1) DOE FE Models, Mile
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Abstract 2 Static Dynamic Stiffness
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1. Objectives 4 Static Dynamic Stif
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Corrected Displacement in mm Correc
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Static Stiffness DOE Response Surfa
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Table of Contents 3 Static Stiffnes
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Figure 1: Bumper Figure 2: LH Rail
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Rail Extension 3. Model Modificatio
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Figure 6: Final Concept 2 Design BI
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Corrected Theta in degrees Correcte
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Dynamic Stiffness DOE Response Surf
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Table of Contents 3 Dynamic Stiffne
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Figure 1: Bumper Figure 2: LH Rail
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Rail Extension 3. Model Modificatio
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Figure 6: Final Concept 2 Design BI
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5. Conclusions 11 Dynamic Stiffness
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Auto/Steel Partnership - American Iron and Steel Institute

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