How to update your Software - Stens Corporation
How to update your Software - Stens Corporation
How to update your Software - Stens Corporation
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BioTrace+ <strong>Software</strong> Documentation WWW.MINDMEDIA.INFO<br />
What’s New?<br />
in version V2012 of the<br />
BioTrace+ <strong>Software</strong>…<br />
BioTrace+ is a product of<br />
Mind Media B.V Netherlands<br />
© 2004-2012<br />
For more information: WWW.MINDMEDIA.INFO<br />
Note: Please read the BioTrace+ <strong>Software</strong> manual before using the software!<br />
© Mind Media B.V. Netherlands – March 2012 1
BioTrace+ <strong>Software</strong> Documentation WWW.MINDMEDIA.INFO<br />
~ Contents ~<br />
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 5<br />
HOW TO UPDATE YOUR SOFTWARE: ..................................................................................................... 5<br />
VERSION 2012 NEW FUNCTIONS ........................................................................................................... 7<br />
NeXus-10 Mark II USB 2.0 support .............................................................................................. 7<br />
New drivers for Windows 7, 64 bit operating system ................................................................... 7<br />
50/60 Hz Notch filter ..................................................................................................................... 7<br />
Printed ERP report ......................................................................................................................... 8<br />
VERSION 2012 IMPROVEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 9<br />
Improved connectivity ..................................................................................................................... 9<br />
Improved EDF and EDF+ export .................................................................................................... 9<br />
New computations ........................................................................................................................ 10<br />
Repair of zero length sessions ..................................................................................................... 10<br />
Windows-7 service pack 1 problem ............................................................................................ 10<br />
Downsampling error fixed ............................................................................................................ 10<br />
NeXus-10 Mark II firmware <strong>update</strong> ............................................................................................. 10<br />
New Biofeedback and Neurofeedback Pro<strong>to</strong>cols ......................................................................... 11<br />
Example of the Biofeedback Pro<strong>to</strong>col Suite: ................................................................................ 12<br />
Example of the Neurofeedback Pro<strong>to</strong>col Suite ............................................................................ 18<br />
Other new functions in V2010\V2011 ........................................................................................ 22<br />
New Functions in V2010a and V2009a: ..................................................................................... 23<br />
Event related potentials (ERP/EP): ............................................................................................... 26<br />
HRV: Au<strong>to</strong>matic PACER stepping: ................................................................................................ 28<br />
Trend Report: more graphic options ............................................................................................ 29<br />
Report: printing and Logo images................................................................................................ 30<br />
Feedback options: threshold crossing .......................................................................................... 31<br />
Extended time scale on linegraphs .............................................................................................. 31<br />
VERSION 2009A SOFTWARE IMPROVEMENTS ........................................................................................... 32<br />
List of improvements: ................................................................................................................... 32<br />
Known issues: ............................................................................................................................... 32<br />
VERSION 2008A NEW FUNCTIONS ......................................................................................................... 33<br />
User Interface: more point and click pro<strong>to</strong>cols ............................................................................ 33<br />
Point & Click pro<strong>to</strong>cols: easier signal checking ............................................................................ 36<br />
100 extra Videos, Animations and images for Biofeedback training .......................................... 38<br />
Quicker real time Frequency control ............................................................................................ 40<br />
Editing of (secondary) client screens on the fly ........................................................................... 40<br />
Longer session recordings of up <strong>to</strong> 24 hours.............................................................................. 41<br />
An example of an 8 hour ECG HRV recording ............................................................................. 42<br />
Colored segments ......................................................................................................................... 42<br />
More segments types ................................................................................................................... 43<br />
Au<strong>to</strong>matic Artifact Rejection ......................................................................................................... 43<br />
New data channel functions for HRV and Respiration ................................................................ 45<br />
Intra-session reports (trends) ...................................................................................................... 47<br />
Session IMPORT, EXPORT and backups ...................................................................................... 48<br />
VERSION 2008A SOFTWARE IMPROVEMENTS ........................................................................................... 51<br />
List of improvements: ................................................................................................................... 51<br />
VERSION 1.18 SOFTWARE IMPROVEMENTS .............................................................................................. 51<br />
List of improvements: ................................................................................................................... 51<br />
VERSION 1.16 SOFTWARE IMPROVEMENTS .............................................................................................. 51<br />
List of improvements: ................................................................................................................... 51<br />
VERSION 1.12 SOFTWARE IMPROVEMENTS .............................................................................................. 52<br />
List of improvements: ................................................................................................................... 52<br />
VERSION 1.10 ...................................................................................................................................... 52<br />
SOFTWARE IMPROVEMENTS .................................................................................................................... 52<br />
List of improvements: ................................................................................................................... 52<br />
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NEW FUNCTIONS OF VERSION 1.10 ......................................................................................................... 53<br />
Trend Reports ............................................................................................................................... 53<br />
HRV 3D Spectrum (0-0.4Hz) ....................................................................................................... 56<br />
The programmable Respiration Pacer: ........................................................................................ 57<br />
New Shortcut Keys ....................................................................................................................... 58<br />
Overview Screen: Locking of Markers and Segments ................................................................. 60<br />
HRV: Au<strong>to</strong>matic Artifact rejection ................................................................................................ 60<br />
Printing of Statistical Reports ...................................................................................................... 61<br />
Printing of Segment Data Tables ................................................................................................. 62<br />
Additional Reward Counters ......................................................................................................... 64<br />
New BioTrace+ Screens ............................................................................................................... 66<br />
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BioTrace+ <strong>Software</strong><br />
Opens up new Dimensions of Flexibility for <strong>your</strong> NeXus<br />
Physiological Moni<strong>to</strong>ring & Feedback platform, including the new:<br />
NeXus-10 mark II<br />
NeXus is a family of products and currently consists of the NeXus-4, NeXus-10 and<br />
NeXus-32. All NeXus systems are shipped with our BioTrace+ software.<br />
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BioTrace+ <strong>Software</strong> Documentation WWW.MINDMEDIA.INFO<br />
Introduction<br />
This document lists the new functions and improvements that have been<br />
implemented in the BioTrace+ software since its release of version 1.0 in 2004,<br />
with the latest changes listed at the start of the document.<br />
- improvements mostly deal with functions that have improved or been<br />
corrected.<br />
- new functions are features that have been added <strong>to</strong> the software.<br />
<strong>How</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>update</strong> <strong>your</strong> <strong>Software</strong>:<br />
You can <strong>update</strong> <strong>your</strong> BioTrace+ <strong>Software</strong> in two ways:<br />
The preferred way <strong>to</strong> <strong>update</strong> BioTrace+ is download the redistributable <strong>update</strong><br />
software (executable) from the service page of the Mind Media website.<br />
(http://www.mindmedia.nl/CMS/en/support/software-<strong>update</strong>s.html) on a computer<br />
that is connected <strong>to</strong> the Internet. Then copy this executable on<strong>to</strong> <strong>your</strong> computer<br />
and run it there. It will search for an installation of BioTrace and <strong>update</strong> it<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matically. Always first close BioTrace+ before you <strong>update</strong> it! (An example of<br />
the website page is shown below, please note that content will change over time)<br />
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You can also get <strong>to</strong> the service page through the BioTrace <strong>Software</strong>:<br />
In case you have no internet access:<br />
Alternatively you can ask <strong>your</strong> local reseller <strong>to</strong> ship you an <strong>update</strong> CD, which<br />
contains the <strong>update</strong> software. (executable) You may be charged a shipping and<br />
handling fee for this. Option 1 is free of cost.<br />
Mind Media doesn’t charge any fee for the regular BioTrace+ software <strong>update</strong>s.<br />
When you download a BioTrace+ <strong>update</strong> from the service page, you can choose<br />
from the following options:<br />
a) Type of device: Please select NeXus-4, NeXus-10 etc…<br />
b) Type of <strong>update</strong>: Application only (smaller) or FULL <strong>update</strong> (large file)<br />
c) if FULL <strong>update</strong>: Select the language with the country code (DE,UK,US)<br />
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Version 2012 new functions<br />
NeXus-10 Mark II USB 2.0 support<br />
With the introduction of the new NeXus-10 mark II, we now have also included<br />
USB 2.0 support for the mark II. The main advantage of using USB is that it<br />
provides higher samplerates for some applications. (up <strong>to</strong> 8192 samples per<br />
seconds on the four EXG inputs A,B, C and D). Otherwise we advise <strong>to</strong> use<br />
BlueTooth for the NeXus-10 mark II as it provides more freedom <strong>to</strong> move.<br />
Please note that it does not have any impact for NeXus-10 mark I (the classic<br />
NeXus-10) users.<br />
New drivers for Windows 7, 64 bit operating system<br />
In version 2012, the drivers have been <strong>update</strong>d, so they will support Windows 7 in<br />
64 bit mode for USB, fiber and Blue<strong>to</strong>oth connections. Previously only Blue<strong>to</strong>oth<br />
would work in 64 bit Windows 7. This improvement goes for all NeXus systems<br />
that have a wired connection on <strong>to</strong>p of the Blue<strong>to</strong>oth wireless.<br />
50/60 Hz Notch filter<br />
NeXus technology has ultra wide bandwidth DC amplifiers with active noise<br />
cancellation which significantly reduces external noise and artifacts. On the request<br />
of some users however, we have included a notch filter function in the BioTrace+<br />
software. This filter does not change the raw signal s<strong>to</strong>rage and can always be<br />
turned off <strong>to</strong> return <strong>to</strong> the original data. Default the notch filter is OFF. You can set<br />
the notch filter On/Off in the properties of the sensor input channels. (example<br />
below shown for the NeXus-32). Attenuation of 50/60 Hz is over 60 dB.<br />
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Printed ERP report<br />
After computing an ERP averaged response (like the P300), the user can now print<br />
an ERP report. An example below is shown for the NeXus-10. An ERP report on<br />
the NeXus-32 will show up <strong>to</strong> 21 EEG channels. Reminder: make sure <strong>to</strong> set the<br />
low end of the bandpass filters of the EEG channels <strong>to</strong> 0.1 Hz. eG. 0.1-40 Hz.<br />
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Version 2012 improvements<br />
Improved connectivity<br />
BioTrace+ now uses a smarter way of connecting <strong>to</strong> the BlueTooth COM ports, so<br />
it will find a connected device quicker. We advise <strong>to</strong> use Windows 7 (64 bit or else<br />
32 bit) if possible, as its Blue<strong>to</strong>oth functions are improved, compared <strong>to</strong> Windows<br />
Vista and XP.<br />
Improved EDF and EDF+ export<br />
The EDF data format was created <strong>to</strong> export/import physiological signals like EEG<br />
between systems from different manufacturers. Unfortunately the developer<br />
limited the output <strong>to</strong> 16 bit integers. We now included a dynamic range option<br />
which allows better scaling of the output. Also some EDF+ export bugs were solved.<br />
The image below demonstrates this (choose FILE -> Export function). When the<br />
option use maximum range has been checked, it will scale the entire variable EEG-<br />
DC range of the signal <strong>to</strong> 16 bit, but lose resolution if the DC variation is high. If left<br />
unchecked (better suited for export of non-DC EEG) it will map a fixed range of +<br />
and – 750 microvolt (EEG) <strong>to</strong> 16 bit. If levels are higher, the signal would clip.<br />
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New computations<br />
Some new computational functions have been added, such as the ABS (absolute<br />
value) the EMG amplitude by measurement of the AVR (average rectified value)<br />
and we have introduced cus<strong>to</strong>m computations which can be added in the form of<br />
plug-in DLL’s for special research applications. (not recommended for standard<br />
biofeedback and neurofeedback applications) In the HRV report we have included<br />
the computation of the stress index also called SI (R.M. Baevsky) which derives a<br />
measure of variability from the shape of the distribution of the HRV samples.<br />
Repair of zero length sessions<br />
In case a session was incorrectly closed by a user or pro<strong>to</strong>col, the s<strong>to</strong>red length of<br />
the session end up as 0 samples which resulted in the display of an empty session,<br />
although all session signals had been s<strong>to</strong>red. BioTrace+ now repairs such sessions.<br />
Windows-7 service pack 1 problem<br />
Microsoft releases <strong>update</strong>s for their Windows OS on a regular basis. Unfortunately<br />
one of them had an impact on the database we use and caused an (DB2) error<br />
when opening the database. This has now been solved.<br />
Downsampling error fixed<br />
An error in downsampling data in<strong>to</strong> samplerates lower than the highest available<br />
rate (usually 2048/sec) was fixed. This error introduced some digital noise in<strong>to</strong><br />
EXG signals samples and in some cases caused EXG noise levels <strong>to</strong> be about twice<br />
as high as they actually were. It had the greatest impact on the new NeXus-10<br />
Mark II. We therefore strongly advise all Mark II users <strong>to</strong> <strong>update</strong> <strong>to</strong> the new V2012<br />
version. Users of other NeXus systems, should also <strong>update</strong> <strong>to</strong> the new V2012 <strong>to</strong> fix<br />
this problem.<br />
NeXus-10 Mark II firmware <strong>update</strong><br />
BioTrace will check the firmware version of the NeXus-10 mark II and instruct you<br />
if it needs <strong>to</strong> be <strong>update</strong>d. Please contact <strong>your</strong> local NeXus reseller who can provide<br />
you with this <strong>update</strong> or check the Mind Media website. (www.mindmedia.info)<br />
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Version 2010 and 2011 new functions<br />
New Biofeedback and Neurofeedback Pro<strong>to</strong>cols<br />
BioTrace+ has been extended with two pro<strong>to</strong>col suites, one for Biofeedback<br />
applications and one for Neurofeedback applications. Unlike some of our<br />
competi<strong>to</strong>rs, we do not charge for these. They are included in the new 2010<br />
<strong>update</strong>, and are free of charge. To start the new pro<strong>to</strong>col menu, click in the but<strong>to</strong>n<br />
‘Start Pro<strong>to</strong>col’<br />
New pro<strong>to</strong>cols will be created in 2010 and beyond, most of which are also free and<br />
can be downloaded one by one.<br />
Version 2010a contains some new functions, but most of all, new content<br />
(pro<strong>to</strong>cols). The new functions will be listed after the next pages, where we show<br />
some screenshots from the new pro<strong>to</strong>cols.<br />
We advise you <strong>to</strong> click on the ‘Start Pro<strong>to</strong>col’ but<strong>to</strong>n and try these pro<strong>to</strong>cols out<br />
<strong>your</strong>self. They have been created <strong>to</strong> provide beginning users a quick and easy entry<br />
in<strong>to</strong> the world of Biofeedback, but we are sure many advanced users will also find<br />
the new screens contained in them, very useful.<br />
The new pro<strong>to</strong>cols work both on a dual moni<strong>to</strong>r setup (preferred) or on a single<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>r. Now follow some examples (screenshots) from the new pro<strong>to</strong>cols.<br />
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Example of the Biofeedback Pro<strong>to</strong>col Suite:<br />
Example #1 of the HRV pro<strong>to</strong>col:<br />
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Example #2 of the HRV pro<strong>to</strong>col:<br />
Example of the HRV master screen:<br />
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Example of a Abdominal Breathing Training screen:<br />
Example of a migraine training instruction screen:<br />
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Another example of a migraine training instruction screen:<br />
Example of a migraine vasoconstriction training screen (client)<br />
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Example of a chronic tension headache instruction screen:<br />
Example of a chronic tension headache training screen (client)<br />
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Example of the Neurofeedback Pro<strong>to</strong>col Suite<br />
A two channel EEG signal check screen:<br />
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An example of an Theta/SMR instruction screen:<br />
An example of a electrode placement instruction screen:<br />
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An example of the Theta/SMR training masterscreen (clinician)<br />
An instruction screen for Gamma Wave training:<br />
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A screen for Theta/Beta power ratio training. (client)<br />
An EEG signal test screen:<br />
(The traffic lights show the quality of electrode contact, 50/60 Hz and EMG artifact)<br />
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Other new functions in V2010\V2011<br />
New shortcuts:<br />
The ‘V’ key can now be used on the keyboard, <strong>to</strong> set the video (file) that the client is<br />
watching. This is particularly useful in a dual moni<strong>to</strong>r setup. This way the client will<br />
not notice when you set up or select a new video (file).<br />
The ‘+’ and ‘-‘ key can be used <strong>to</strong> speed up or slow down the HRV pacer<br />
(abdominal breathing) settings while a session is running. In the pro<strong>to</strong>cols a PACER<br />
but<strong>to</strong>n has been added <strong>to</strong> have quick access <strong>to</strong> the pacer settings.<br />
In the ERP averaged response the pre-stim period can now be set and the artifact<br />
rejection has been enabled for rejection of epochs.<br />
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BioTrace+ <strong>Software</strong> Documentation WWW.MINDMEDIA.INFO<br />
New Functions in V2010a and V2009a:<br />
Z Score function:<br />
BioTrace+ now supports the Z Score from Applied Neuroscience, Inc. (USA) This is<br />
an add-on <strong>to</strong> BioTrace+ that is provided with BioTrace+ version 2009 and<br />
upwards. In order <strong>to</strong> use it however, the user must purchase a license key and<br />
activate it! In other words, this add-on must be bought by the user. License keys<br />
can be obtained from Mind Media (by email: sales@mindmedia.nl) or <strong>your</strong> local<br />
reseller.<br />
Z Score is designed for Neurofeedback applications and enables the user <strong>to</strong> view<br />
the EEG as a normative database comparison for absolute power, power ratios,<br />
relative power, coherence, phase delays and amplitude differences. The Z Score is<br />
computed from a database of over 600 people.<br />
By pressing the ‘Z’ key on <strong>your</strong> keyboard, you can open the Z Score Channels and<br />
Client information. In order <strong>to</strong> use Z Score you must enter the subjects Age,<br />
Condition (eyes open/closed) and Electrode positions.<br />
<strong>How</strong>ever, you first will need <strong>to</strong> register. Press the Register but<strong>to</strong>n at the bot<strong>to</strong>m<br />
and mail the security key A (which identifies <strong>your</strong> computer) <strong>to</strong> us or <strong>your</strong> reseller.<br />
After the payment has been arranged, you will get a Security key B back by email<br />
that will activate the Z Score function. Once the security B has been accepted, you<br />
can use the special Z Score screens, included with BioTrace+.<br />
Note: NeXus-4 and NeXus-10 users can use the standard NX-EXG2 cable (two bipolar<br />
channels) with the black electrode on the earlobes or mas<strong>to</strong>ids (single ear reference) for<br />
the Absolute power, Relative power, and the Power ratios. <strong>How</strong>ever if you want <strong>to</strong> use all<br />
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ZScore channels, including the Amplitude Asymmetry, Coherence and Absolute Phase, a<br />
linked ear reference cable is required for optimal precision. You place this cable in between<br />
the NeXus and the EXG2 cable and it will shorten the negative (black) leads. You can obtain<br />
this linked ear reference cable from <strong>your</strong> NeXus reseller+.<br />
Z Score Screens<br />
BioTrace+ version 2009 includes several Z Score screens (Screen browser:<br />
category EEG ZScore). The first screen shows an overview of all ZScores for 2<br />
channels, which would typically be used by the clinician.<br />
The second screen shows a training screen. Instead of bargraphs, also video,<br />
animations or sound are available for ZScore feedback.<br />
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Event related potentials (ERP/EP):<br />
BioTrace+ now supports ERP (event related potentials) and EP (evoked potentials)<br />
functions. These functions are mostly used for research (neuroscience, neuropsychology,<br />
psychophysiology).<br />
The picture above shows a BioTrace+ VEP screen design on a PC with dual moni<strong>to</strong>rs and the wireless NeXus-10. This is a 10<br />
channel physiological moni<strong>to</strong>ring and feedback platform that includes a trigger input, for high precision event/stimulus<br />
synchronization.<br />
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are physiological responses in the EEG which are<br />
time locked <strong>to</strong> an ‘event’ (also called stimulus) which is frequently presented<br />
(typically 50-500 times) <strong>to</strong> a human subject and which requires some form of<br />
response and/or cognitive processing. By studying ERP’s we can observe how the<br />
human brain processes information. The events or stimuli are usually presented in<br />
an audio or visual form and involve a task such as recognizing a (rare) target<br />
stimulus within many (frequent) non-target stimuli. Each time the subject<br />
recognizes an event, a specific response is required, like pressing a but<strong>to</strong>n.<br />
BioTrace+ has its own built-in event genera<strong>to</strong>r, which generates audio-visual<br />
stimuli, <strong>to</strong> which the subject should respond. This makes it very easy <strong>to</strong> set up an<br />
ERP or EP experiment. Through the NeXus trigger interface, the generated stimuli<br />
are moni<strong>to</strong>red and fed back <strong>to</strong> the NeXus, so that very high precision (up <strong>to</strong> 1 ms)<br />
in the synchronization of the events/stimuli with the EEG is realized.<br />
For the purpose of demonstration of the principle (low precision) a user could<br />
experiment with ERP and EP without the NeXus trigger interface, but in all other<br />
cases the NeXus Trigger Interface is a must for doing ERP and EP with NeXus.<br />
Please contact <strong>your</strong> reseller for price information.<br />
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Please note: since the NeXus-4 does NOT have a trigger input, it can not be used for ERP or EP applications.<br />
NeXus-10, 16 and 32 all have trigger inputs and support EP/ERP.<br />
The next picture demonstrate some data from a ERP P300 experiment:<br />
The built-in ERP/EP event genera<strong>to</strong>r support the following options:<br />
In the type of presentation, you may choose from:<br />
A) ERP presentation<br />
B) VEP presentation<br />
In the type of paradigm you may choose from:<br />
A) ERP: Single stimulus (1 GO event only)<br />
B) ERP: Oddball paradigm (GO and NOGO events)<br />
C) ERP: CNV Oddball with fixed warn<strong>to</strong>ne<br />
A) VEP: checkerboard pattern reversal<br />
B) VEP: moni<strong>to</strong>r flash stimulus<br />
C) VEP: plug-in DLL photic stimulation (Optional: only available as add-on!)<br />
In the type of Stimulus you may choose from:<br />
A) Visual stimulus<br />
B) Audio stimulus<br />
C) Plug-in DLL for external stimulation (Optional: only available as add-on!)<br />
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You can find more detailed information in a white-paper that mind media created<br />
in the following location:<br />
http://www.mindmedia.nl/english/pdf/biotrace-nexus-erp-ep-functions.pdf<br />
HRV: Au<strong>to</strong>matic PACER stepping:<br />
The BioTrace+ breathing pacer function has been extended in order <strong>to</strong> improve the<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic detection of HRV statistics and the resonant frequency.<br />
Besides being able <strong>to</strong> change <strong>your</strong> pacer settings on the fly (by pressing the ‘+’ and<br />
‘-‘ key on the keyboard) and setting the time for inhalation, sustain, exhalation and<br />
pause up <strong>to</strong> the ms precision, you can make the pacer au<strong>to</strong>matically step from a<br />
given start rate (say 9 breaths per minute) <strong>to</strong> another rate/ (say 5 breaths per<br />
minute).<br />
When this ‘au<strong>to</strong>-step’ function is enabled, the pacer will au<strong>to</strong>matically step (say<br />
every 2 minutes) <strong>to</strong> the next rate and set a marker in the data, so you know which<br />
rate the pacer was set at, at that given moment in time.<br />
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Trend Report: more graphic options<br />
The trend reports have been extended with au<strong>to</strong> scaling options on the output<br />
(formerly only manual scaling). The numerical tables now contain Session dates,<br />
rather than just session numbers.<br />
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Report: printing and Logo images<br />
In general printing is extended with a user selectable LOGO image, which can be<br />
selected under “Clinical Management” in the client and session dialog box.<br />
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Feedback options: threshold crossing<br />
The feedback function has been extended by using the “required time in<br />
milliseconds” such that:<br />
1) a feedback type (say a <strong>to</strong>ne) is only switched on when it has been<br />
below/above threshold long enough<br />
2) the opposite state that switches off that feedback, now also uses that<br />
‘required time” criterion.<br />
Example: formerly a MIDI <strong>to</strong>ne that was playing above threshold, would<br />
immediately switch off once the signal went below threshold. With version 2009a<br />
this is no longer the case, if the required time for switching off (below threshold) is<br />
set <strong>to</strong> value greater than zero.<br />
Extended time scale on linegraphs<br />
BioTrace+ can now display up a maximum of <strong>to</strong> 6 minutes of data (depending on<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>r resolution) of signals. This used <strong>to</strong> be limited <strong>to</strong> 1 minute. An example of<br />
4m30sec of data is shown below on a 1280x1024 screen resolution.<br />
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Version 2009a software Improvements<br />
Release date: Version 2009a is released in May 2009<br />
List of improvements:<br />
1) Prin<strong>to</strong>ut: on some color printers or PDF writers, the (line) graphics would<br />
not show. This has now been fixed.<br />
2) MIDI <strong>to</strong>nes: on some computers, mostly lap<strong>to</strong>ps, the MIDI sound would<br />
sometimes disappear after the system has been used for over 10 minutes.<br />
This has now been fixed. Also some new MIDI sounds have been added.<br />
3) Au<strong>to</strong>matic scaling/ranging: the Au<strong>to</strong> FIT <strong>to</strong> MIN/MAX and 0-MAX has been<br />
improved. The Au<strong>to</strong> FIT every 2 seconds (and sweep refresh) now bases the<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic range on 15 second statistics, so the signal will always fit. This is<br />
particularly handy for signals like RSP, BVP, SC/GSR and TEMP.<br />
4) Audio files: more audio files have been added for background music and<br />
volume based feedback<br />
5) Some small bugs have been removed that could lead <strong>to</strong> instability of the<br />
system on some computers.<br />
Known issues:<br />
1) On computers running the Microsoft Vista ® OS, the screen preview<br />
(thumbnail) sometimes does not show in the screen browser, when a new<br />
screen is saved, but rather a black thumbnail is presented. A work around<br />
is <strong>to</strong> resize the main screen (double click on the caption twice) or press the<br />
‘f’ key twice (resize <strong>to</strong> full screen and back) which will rebuild the preview<br />
image.<br />
2) On some computers the WMF video files that we supply with the software<br />
do not play on the secondary moni<strong>to</strong>r. This can usually be solved by<br />
disabling the video hardware acceleration in Windows. Another work around<br />
is <strong>to</strong> convert the video files from WMV <strong>to</strong> another format like AVI or DIVX.<br />
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Version 2008a NEW functions<br />
User Interface: more point and click pro<strong>to</strong>cols<br />
The look and feel of the software user interface has been <strong>update</strong>d aswell as<br />
expanded. More point and click pro<strong>to</strong>cols have been added. Below an example of<br />
the Sensor demo pro<strong>to</strong>cols is shown. The point and click pro<strong>to</strong>cols are targeted at<br />
first time users<br />
(Please note: actual screen display may vary depending on which NeXus device you<br />
use)<br />
We advise first time users <strong>to</strong> try out the Sensor demo pro<strong>to</strong>cols and view the<br />
sensors, signals and functionality that they present.<br />
The Sensor demo pro<strong>to</strong>cols were developed for beginning users <strong>to</strong> learn the<br />
sensors, signals and the way BioTrace+ uses these signal for display, analysis and<br />
feedback training.<br />
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Below two examples are shown from the sensor demo pro<strong>to</strong>cols. The first example<br />
is for the sEMG pro<strong>to</strong>col where electrode placment is explained.<br />
The second example is a screen designed <strong>to</strong> train Respiration with a programmable<br />
pacer. Please feel free <strong>to</strong> take a look at the new sensor demo pro<strong>to</strong>cols in<br />
BioTrace+.<br />
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Point & Click pro<strong>to</strong>cols: easier signal checking<br />
It has been made easier <strong>to</strong> do signal checking such as for EEG, through point and<br />
click pro<strong>to</strong>cols. These check levels are shown through graphics (traffic lights) and<br />
numerical instruments.<br />
Below an example is shown where three checks for EEG are shown, all availble<br />
ONLINE so during a session recording, without the need <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>p:<br />
1) The quality of the electrode contact. NeXus can do this online through DC<br />
offset moni<strong>to</strong>ring. Offset should be below 25000 microvolt.<br />
2) 50/60Hz. The level of this should generally be less than 5-10 microvolt<br />
3) EMG artifact levels: should generally be less than 5-10 microvolt\<br />
Green traffic lights indicate that acceptable levels have been reached for:<br />
A) Electrode contact (low DC offset)<br />
B) 50/60 Hz interference levels<br />
C) EMG artifact levels<br />
The spectral analysis and raw EEG traces can be used <strong>to</strong> visually inspect the EEG<br />
signals. We advise users <strong>to</strong> use this kind of signal checking before starting<br />
Neurofeedback training.<br />
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100 extra Videos, Animations and images for Biofeedback training<br />
The amount of videos and animations for Biofeedback/Neurofeedback training has<br />
been expanded by 100+ new content files. These are selected from several<br />
categories, both for children and adults. Below a Space-tunnel effect is shown,<br />
where the user flies through a tunnel and keeps moving as long a criteria are met.<br />
The screenshot below shows a waterfall that responds <strong>to</strong> SC/GSR levels. You can<br />
modify the BioTrace+ screens by selecting <strong>your</strong> own video or animation files.<br />
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The new images are s<strong>to</strong>red in \BioTrace\Images, animation are s<strong>to</strong>red in<br />
\BioTrace\Animations, the new videos are Windows media files s<strong>to</strong>red in the<br />
\BioTrace\Video direc<strong>to</strong>ry. You can use these videos, animations and images with<br />
BioTrace+ in any way you see fit. <strong>How</strong>ever these files are only licensed <strong>to</strong> be used<br />
with BioTrace+ on a single computer. Please do not copy these files.<br />
Video files:<br />
Animations:<br />
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Quicker real time Frequency control<br />
It was always already possible <strong>to</strong> set and change frequencies on the fly, but in<br />
version 2008a we have introduced a special ‘frequency control panel’. This panel is<br />
a ‘floating’ dialogbox which can be placed anywhere on the computer moni<strong>to</strong>r and<br />
stay open while the session is running. Press SHIFT + C <strong>to</strong> open it, and click in the<br />
‘X’ with the mouse <strong>to</strong> close it.<br />
This panel enables the user <strong>to</strong> easily change the individual frequeny start and end<br />
points, or shift a whole band in steps of 1Hz, 0.5 Hz, 0.25Hz or 0.1 Hz.<br />
Editing of (secondary) client screens on the fly<br />
While recording a session with two moni<strong>to</strong>r display, users sometimes want <strong>to</strong> make<br />
a quick change on a client screen (like color, sound or size) without the client seeing<br />
the editing. This can now be done quickly by pressing the ‘’ key, the edited contents can be placed back <strong>to</strong> the secondary<br />
screen, while the primary screen that was previously there, is res<strong>to</strong>red.<br />
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Longer session recordings of up <strong>to</strong> 24 hours<br />
The 1.X versions of BioTrace were limited <strong>to</strong> 1.5 hours (90 minutes) of recording.<br />
This has now been extended <strong>to</strong> a range between 1.5 <strong>to</strong> 24 hours, depending on<br />
how much system memory <strong>your</strong> Windows computer has. This setting can be<br />
accessed through the system settings dialog box: (under the configuration drop<br />
down menu)<br />
NOTE: we do advise <strong>to</strong> expand <strong>your</strong> system memory, if you plan <strong>to</strong> record more<br />
than 90 minutes with BioTrace. A minimum of 2 GB is advised, although on some<br />
computers with XP (SP2) 1 GB may provide room for up <strong>to</strong> a few hours.<br />
Windows Vista requires more memory for running applications than XP. After<br />
setting a new maximum session recording time, you need <strong>to</strong> restart BioTrace+.<br />
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An example of an 8 hour ECG HRV recording<br />
The screenshot below (taken from the overview screen) shows a ECG heart rate<br />
recording used for HRV (heart rate variability) of 8 hours. It has been combined<br />
with the respiration sensor, so the coherence between respiration and HRV can be<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>red over time. (notice the coloration of the segments)<br />
Colored segments<br />
The user can now select colors for separate types of segments.<br />
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This bring’s up the segment definition box where you can add and define new<br />
segments:<br />
More segments types<br />
The user can now create up <strong>to</strong> 128 segment types. Before this was 64 types.<br />
Au<strong>to</strong>matic Artifact Rejection<br />
Manual artifact rejection has always been a part of BioTrace+, and au<strong>to</strong>matic<br />
rejection was thus far only available for HRV and IBI table generation.<br />
Now it is available as a general feature for all statistics computations.<br />
Note: artifact rejection means: skipping data, when computing statistics.<br />
To get there: right click the session overview screen and choose the option from the<br />
drop down menu:<br />
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Notice that the manual artifact areas are marked as always, with red diagonal lines<br />
in a rectangle(marked M). The au<strong>to</strong>matic rejection areas are marked with solid red<br />
and smaller rectangles (marked A).<br />
This way EMG artifact or eye blinks can be removed (example shown for EEG data).<br />
Notice that ANY data channel can be used for de-artifacting.<br />
You can combine up <strong>to</strong> two data channels for artifacting, with a logical OR or AND<br />
condition. The example above will mark data as artifact when the THETA amplitude<br />
level is greater than 25 microvolts OR the EMG artifact level is greater than 5.<br />
The data in the session for which this condition is true, will be marked as artifact<br />
and skipped during the statistical computations.<br />
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New data channel functions for HRV and Respiration<br />
New data channels have been defined, like RSP amplitude and HRV amplitude,<br />
which are RMS computations over longer periods (up <strong>to</strong> 16 seconds) These are<br />
channels 59 and 60 for a NeXus-10 and NeXus-4. Below an example is shown of<br />
new data that can be computed and derived from just 2 sensors: BVP and RSP.<br />
Data channels shown here are:<br />
5 the raw SC/GSR signal in micromho.<br />
6 the skin temperature signal<br />
8 the raw respiration waveform<br />
33 the BVP based HR (heart rate)<br />
36 the EMG amplitude<br />
49 RSP rate (breathing frequency)<br />
51 HRV LF% (percentage of LF activity in the HRV spectrum)<br />
59 RSP amplitude (relative depth of breathing)<br />
60 HRV amplitude (mean variability in beats per minutes, plotted over time)<br />
70 RSP-HRV coherence. (linear correlation between the 2 signals -1 <strong>to</strong> 0 <strong>to</strong><br />
+1)<br />
Note: For these data channels <strong>to</strong> be implemented, you will need <strong>to</strong> install the new<br />
“default.channels“ channel set. This may mean that if you have changed the default<br />
channel set and not saved it under another name, <strong>your</strong> changes <strong>to</strong> the default set<br />
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may be lost. Therefore we advise <strong>to</strong> make a backup of <strong>your</strong> channel set first, if you<br />
wish <strong>to</strong> keep a copy of the old settings, before installing the <strong>update</strong>.<br />
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Intra-session reports (trends)<br />
By right-clicking on the session overview, the user can now generate intra-session<br />
reports which are based on the segments, rather then fixed time intervals (like 1<br />
minute)<br />
Below an example is shown of ASCII file output, where the segment based statistics<br />
(trend) is exported in min, max, mean , standard deviation or HRV based RMSDD or<br />
SDNN statistics. This data can also be copy/pasted with option number 1.<br />
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Session IMPORT, EXPORT and backups<br />
BioTrace 2008a now has functions <strong>to</strong> import and export single sessions, or sets of<br />
sessions, so these can be sent over the internet <strong>to</strong> other users. This function can<br />
also be used for backing up sets of sessions and importing from Flash memory.<br />
Notice the two but<strong>to</strong>ns in the Client and Session database dialog box:<br />
Clicking the EXPORT option will bring up a dialog box that guides you step by step,<br />
by asking you each time what you want <strong>to</strong> do.<br />
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In the example shown, above a single session will be exported in<strong>to</strong> a single biotrace<br />
compressed data (BDC) file. Selecting ‘Entire Database” will compress all sessions<br />
and this may take quite a lot of time if you have many clients and sessions!<br />
This BCD file is much smaller than the original data and can be sent (email) or<br />
s<strong>to</strong>red as a single data file. A typical example would be <strong>to</strong> sent this data file by<br />
email <strong>to</strong> another researcher or clinican for review. Such a single BCD file can<br />
contain mupltiple sessions.<br />
By default these compressed data files are s<strong>to</strong>red in the \BioTrace\Export folder,<br />
but you can browse <strong>to</strong> any location with the dialog box shown above.<br />
Session import goes in the reverse way:<br />
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After choosing an option here, you will need <strong>to</strong> browse (select) the location of the<br />
biotrace compressed data (BCD) file that you want <strong>to</strong> import.<br />
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Version 2008a software Improvements<br />
Release date: Version 2008a is released in June 2008.<br />
List of improvements:<br />
6) The marker problem has been handled, where event markers could<br />
disappear after a session was loaded for review..<br />
7) The recomputation of LF% power (HRV) in the overview was incorrectly<br />
displayed. This has been fixed.<br />
8) RMS computations now can be defined from 1/32 of a second <strong>to</strong> 16<br />
seconds of data. This means that (relative) amplitude of respiration and HRV<br />
amplitude (in beats per minute) now can be computed.<br />
9) The reward counters have been improved, they are now inhibited (s<strong>to</strong>p<br />
counting) when the global inhibit is set. (Theta above threshold, EMG <strong>to</strong>o<br />
high etc.) The counters are <strong>update</strong>d (displayed) directly in the numerical<br />
instrument, rather then with a refresh rate of once per second.<br />
10) Changing IIR or FIR frequencies on the fly above 1 Hz, no longer causes a<br />
big DC dip in the signal. (dc offset used <strong>to</strong> cause a filter adjustment time of<br />
1 or 2 seconds)<br />
11) Using the ‘+’ and ‘-‘ keys on the keyboard, will now increase and decrease<br />
the respiration pacer frequency in discrete steps of 0.5 breaths per minute.<br />
Version 1.18 software Improvements<br />
Release date: Version 1.18 has been released in the Summer of 2007.<br />
List of improvements:<br />
12) Some stability issues have been solved, like the problem that on some<br />
computers a crash could occur in the first 15-30 minutes of recording.<br />
13) System settings have been added, like the ability <strong>to</strong> switch languages and<br />
enable or disable the battery low indication.<br />
14) The name of the clinic is printed in the reports.<br />
Version 1.16 software Improvements<br />
Release date: Version 1.16 has been released in November 2006.<br />
List of improvements:<br />
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15) An error in the Trend Report which makes it looks the system has ‘frozen’<br />
(escape will get out of that) is now fixed. The Trend report are printed<br />
normally.<br />
16) Some stability issues have been solved. (such as a error message appearing<br />
at the end of the closing the application and some memory leaks)<br />
17) The Session Notes are now saved correctly when pressing the OK but<strong>to</strong>n.<br />
18) The LOOP function of a list of waves has been improved.<br />
Version 1.12 software Improvements<br />
Release date: Version 1.12 has been released in August 2006.<br />
List of improvements:<br />
19) An error in the pacer function which could halt the program has been<br />
corrected. The minimum cycles per minute now has been limited <strong>to</strong> 2 and<br />
the maximum <strong>to</strong> 50.<br />
20) An error in the initialization of a list of WMA/MP3/WAVE biofeedback sounds<br />
has been corrected. (it would only play the first sound) The list is now reset<br />
once just before recording and plays the entire list.<br />
21) A time limit has been removed which was accidentally left in the software<br />
for internal testing purposes. This time limit would limit the use of the<br />
software up <strong>to</strong> the date of September 1, 2006. By updating <strong>to</strong> version 1.12<br />
(and later) this time limit will be removed.<br />
Version 1.10<br />
software Improvements<br />
Release date: Version 1.10 has been released in July 2006.<br />
List of improvements:<br />
22) During recording (a live session) the software can no longer be exited (close<br />
application) while the software is still recording. The user has <strong>to</strong> first s<strong>to</strong>p<br />
the session and select OK/Cancel when asked <strong>to</strong> save the session. Only after<br />
that, can the application be closed.<br />
23) The Au<strong>to</strong>-Threshold function has been improved. It now more accurately<br />
approximates a target percentage above or below threshold-1 by analyzing<br />
the last 30 seconds of a signal. In most cases it gets close <strong>to</strong> 2% on target<br />
within 2 minutes. The new Au<strong>to</strong>-threshold function only uses the last 30<br />
seconds <strong>to</strong> base its threshold value on.<br />
24) Under the display options of a linked numerical instrument, (linked <strong>to</strong><br />
another instrument displaying a data channel) one can now choose <strong>to</strong><br />
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display the percent above/below threshold based on the data that has been<br />
recorded so far, or on the data of the last 30 seconds.<br />
25) In some cases a session overview would not show data beyond the 21<br />
minutes. This has been fixed. Version 1.10 allows session overviews up <strong>to</strong><br />
90 minutes.<br />
26) During session recomputations, the software sometimes created a Windows<br />
error. This has been corrected.<br />
27) When the software was exited, sometimes a (non-fatal) Windows error<br />
appeared. This has been corrected.<br />
28) The client confidentiality setting was not always maintained. This has been<br />
corrected.<br />
29) The current session and client information (header) on a printed report was<br />
not shown correctly after a session recording had just been completed. This<br />
has been corrected.<br />
30) A list of Audio files would only play the first file in the list. The entire list will<br />
now be played.<br />
31) The client list is now alphabetized. By pressing the first character of a clients<br />
last name, the cursor will move there au<strong>to</strong>matically.<br />
32) The HEG sensor from Biocomp Research Institute , Herschel Toomim is now<br />
supported by NeXus-10 and BioTrace+.<br />
Note: Windows and Windows XP are registered trademarks of Microsoft <strong>Corporation</strong> in the United<br />
States and other countries.<br />
New Functions of version 1.10<br />
Release date: Version 1.10 has been released in July 2006.<br />
Trend Reports<br />
The generation and printing of Trend Reports has been extended. BioTrace+<br />
contains a built-in report genera<strong>to</strong>r and printing function. There is no need <strong>to</strong> have<br />
a word-processor or spreadsheet installed. Press the ‘O’ key on <strong>your</strong> keyboard in<br />
order <strong>to</strong> open the database. Then click with <strong>your</strong> mouse in the ‘Trend Reports’<br />
but<strong>to</strong>n<br />
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You will first be shown a dialog box where the previously generated reports are<br />
shown. Any generated report will be saved.<br />
When viewing a (new) report, you can choose from 6 graphic output options:<br />
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The options are:<br />
1) Print the numerical tables only (just the numbers in a table)<br />
2) Print individual linegraphs. (every linegraph will display one statistic for one<br />
channel in a linegraph)<br />
3) Print individual his<strong>to</strong>grams. (every linegraph will display one statistic for one<br />
channel in a his<strong>to</strong>gram)<br />
4) Combine statistics in one linegraph. (Example: all the ‘Mean’ statistics of the<br />
2 EMG channels are combined in one graph and all the Standard deviations<br />
are combined in another)<br />
5) Combine the channels in one linegraph. (Statistics are combined in 1 graph)<br />
6) Output the numerical table <strong>to</strong> a TAB separated ASCII file that you can read<br />
or import with a spreadsheet or word processor. This option will prompt you<br />
<strong>to</strong> enter a file name (for instance “trend-data1.txt) and choose the direc<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
where the (txt) file will be saved. By default it will be saved in the EXPORT<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>ry of BioTrace.<br />
Note: if you have the Adobe Acrobat Writer/Distiller software installed, you can<br />
output (print) these reports <strong>to</strong> PDF files. Microsoft in the mean time has started<br />
offering XPS file output, which offers similar functionality. <strong>How</strong>ever so far the<br />
standard still is PDF.<br />
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HRV 3D Spectrum (0-0.4Hz)<br />
The 3D spectral instrument has been improved. (See example below)<br />
This instrument now has a special setting for the display of 0-0.4Hz HRV spectral<br />
analysis. The VLF, LF and HF frequency zones are color-marked. Right-click the 3D<br />
spectrum with the mouse, in order <strong>to</strong> change the ‘Display Options & Ranges’.<br />
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The programmable Respiration Pacer:<br />
BioTrace+ now contains a built-in programmable ‘Pacer’ function, that can be used<br />
<strong>to</strong> generate a sample ‘rhythm’ or ‘template’ for training physiological signals like<br />
Respiration. (This option can be found under ‘Configuration’ in the main menu bar)<br />
It is possible <strong>to</strong> change the pacer setting online, during a live session recording. The<br />
pacer signal is s<strong>to</strong>red in the session, so you can ‘review’ the signal later on.<br />
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New Shortcut Keys<br />
Shortcut keys allow for quick and on the fly changes of settings and loading of<br />
screens. A number of new short-cut keys have been added:<br />
‘+’ The plus key speeds up the Pacer function. (during recording)<br />
‘-’ The minus key slows down up the Pacer function. (during recording)<br />
The Enter key now Starts a new recording when you are in review<br />
mode. When the recording has started it will set (text) markers<br />
‘{‘ This key can be used <strong>to</strong> Hide the threshold line on an instrument.<br />
Put <strong>your</strong> mouse over the instrument and press the key.<br />
‘}’ This key can be used <strong>to</strong> switch (<strong>to</strong>ggle) the feedback function of an<br />
instrument ON and OFF during replay/record mode. Put <strong>your</strong> mouse<br />
over the instrument and press the key.<br />
‘Ctrl’ The key can now be used <strong>to</strong> set (align) all the thresholds of a certain<br />
data channel. (e.g.Theta Amplitude). Move the mouse over an<br />
instrument (Bargraph), left click and drag the mouse in order <strong>to</strong><br />
set/change the threshold. If you do this while holding the Ctrl key all<br />
instruments that are connected <strong>to</strong> the same data channel. (e.g.<br />
Theta) will <strong>update</strong> their threshold <strong>to</strong> the same value.<br />
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‘Ctrl-Z’ Control+’Z’ will now also undo changes in the Session Review mode.<br />
So when a marker or segment has accidentally been<br />
shifted/changed, this key will undo the change.<br />
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Overview Screen: Locking of Markers and Segments<br />
In the session overview screen, the segments and markers can now be LOCKED.<br />
That means that after locking the user can not move them anymore. After<br />
unlocking the markers and segments are editable again.<br />
Right click the overview screen and choose the Event Markers or Segment Options<br />
item in the drop-down menu. When the segments/markers are locked, a<br />
checkmark will appear.<br />
HRV: Au<strong>to</strong>matic Artifact rejection<br />
In the HRV analysis function, a ‘Set Artifact Criteria’ function has been added. This<br />
function allows you <strong>to</strong> au<strong>to</strong>matically detect artifacts and remove ‘bad IBIs’.<br />
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Printing of Statistical Reports<br />
The built-in BioTrace+ printing functions have been extended. BioTrace now prints<br />
out statistical results over multiple segments types.<br />
Right click in the Overview screen and choose Compute Statistics: -> On all<br />
segments. Then choose the ‘Print’ but<strong>to</strong>n in the Session Statistics Dialog box.<br />
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Printing of Segment Data Tables<br />
BioTrace Can now print out a data table from a segment. Right click a segment and<br />
choose: ‘Print Segment Data Table’.<br />
After that you will be asked <strong>to</strong> select a statistic and the ‘time steps’<br />
The print preview will present the data tables for all data channels in the overview.<br />
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Additional Reward Counters<br />
Under the Feedback Options & Thresholds (right click an instrument) you will now<br />
find a <strong>to</strong>tal of eight Reward Counters.<br />
By clicking on the “Select Counter” but<strong>to</strong>n you can switch between counter #1 -<br />
#8.<br />
Under the display options of the instruments (like the numerical instruments) you<br />
can choose <strong>to</strong> display a COUNTER value, rather than the (actual) data channel<br />
value.<br />
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New BioTrace+ Screens<br />
A number of new screens have been created and added <strong>to</strong> the Version 1.10<br />
<strong>update</strong>. This includes screens in the ‘[Respiration and HRV]” category and the “[EEG<br />
Master Screens]” category. Some examples are shown in the pages below.<br />
This screen shows a combination of a ECG/EKG derived HR signal and 3D spectrum<br />
of HRV (heart rate variability) and respiration and skin conductance signals.<br />
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A sample of a HRV training screen using nature sounds, music and graphical<br />
feedback.<br />
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An example of a new EEG ‘master’ screen:<br />
This screens show a 3D spectral array and spectrogram of the raw EEG signal,<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>red at input A on the NeXus-10. In ‘Overview mode’ (press the TAB key) it<br />
shows the trends of Theta, Alpha, SMR and Beta, plus the median frequency,<br />
Theta/Beta Power ratio and the level of EMG artifact in the EEG. (bot<strong>to</strong>m graph)<br />
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Some other new screens:<br />
The active HEG sensor made by the Biocomp Research Institute, is now supported<br />
by the NeXus-10 and BioTrace+ software. This sensor requires two of the Aux<br />
inputs on the NeXus-10. (inputs E and F). A training screen displaying the HEG<br />
signal combined with respiration and HRV is shown below.<br />
Below a new SCP (slow cortical potential) training screen is shown. This is a ‘free<br />
exercise screen’ for training cortical activation (negativity) and positity.<br />
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For more information about the BioTrace+ <strong>Software</strong> for the NeXus series (NeXus-<br />
4, NeXus-10, NeXus-16 and NeXus-32) of BlueTooth Wireless physiological<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>ring and feedback products, please visit our website at:<br />
WWW.MINDMEDIA.INFO<br />
Or visit our booth at international conferences and fairs in Europe and the USA.<br />
<br />
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