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Implementation Plan 2012 Source: Adapted from Arnold and Bell (2001) The literature on innovation systems recognises that the more innovative the countries are the higher their productivity and incomes and are also better able to deal with social challenges. Botswana is preoccupied with major issues related to diversification, unemployment, poverty; water and health require coordination of domestic policies in various dimensions. In addition, there is 30
Implementation Plan 2012 increasing pressure to adhere to international regulations on global issues such as environmental degradation, climate change and international trade rules. Insights from the innovation systems framework have to be adapted to the local context in order to broaden and deepen the RSTI capabilities necessary to resolve these local problems. Although National System of Innovation is a policy subject it does not necessarily mean that the whole shape of the system can be purposefully designed. However, it requires deliberate policy management towards its effective change and implementation. Currently, the Department of Research, Science and Technology (DRST) is one of the three departments within the Ministry of Infrastructure, Science and Technology (MIST), together with the Department of Radiation Protection Inspectorate and the Department of Building and Engineering Services. The mandate of DRST is to provide leadership in science and technology in Botswana through the provision of an enabling policy and legislation environment and coordination of science and technology activities in the country. With an average budget of approximately P6 million and core staff complement of 6, the present structure indicates that the size of the mandate hardly matches the size and institutional location of the department. Figure 2: Current coordination of RSTI in Botswana Department of Radiation Protection Inspectorate Technology Ministry of Infrastructure, Science and Technology (MIST) Department of Research, Science and Technology (DRST) Department of Building and Engineering Services The effective development of Botswana’s Innovation System will require a multi-institutional structure designed to facilitate the provision of advice to government as well as an operational arm to implement initiatives and policies. The structure must work 31
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