Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

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6.3 Summary for City of Columbus Evaluations .............................................................................. 94 6.4 Summary of Data and Observations for All Sites ....................................................................... 95 6.4.1 Visual Observations ....................................................................................................... 95 6.4.2 Annular Gap .................................................................................................................. 95 6.4.3 Liner Thickness ............................................................................................................. 95 6.4.4 Specific Gravity and Porosity ........................................................................................ 96 6.4.5 Strength and Flexural Modulus ..................................................................................... 98 6.4.6 Buckling Tests ............................................................................................................. 100 6.4.7 Surface Hardness Tests ................................................................................................ 100 6.4.8 Raman Spectroscopy and Other Polymer Testing ....................................................... 101 6.5 Current Findings ....................................................................................................................... 101 6.5.1 Material Degradation ................................................................................................... 101 6.5.2 Conformance of Sampled Liners to Original Specifications ....................................... 101 6.5.3 Prognosis for Remaining Life ...................................................................................... 102 6.5.4 Testing Issues .............................................................................................................. 102 7.0: RECOMMENDED TEST PROTOCOL FOR FUTURE USE ................................................... 103 7.1 Overview of Protocol Implications ........................................................................................... 103 7.2 Fieldwork Costs ........................................................................................................................ 103 7.2.1 City of Denver Costs ................................................................................................... 103 7.2.2 City of Columbus Costs ............................................................................................... 104 7.3 Developing an Extended Program for Retrospective Evaluation ............................................. 104 7.4 Aggregating National Data on Liner Performance ................................................................... 105 8.0: REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL SCAN ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS ............................. 108 8.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 108 8.2 Rehabilitation Experience ......................................................................................................... 108 8.3 Specifications and Design......................................................................................................... 110 8.4 Preparation and Supervision ..................................................................................................... 111 8.5 Verification and Testing ........................................................................................................... 112 8.6 Utilities’ Views on Effectiveness of Sewer Rehabilitation ...................................................... 114 8.6.1 Based on Long-Term Samples .................................................................................... 114 8.6.2 Based on CCTV Inspections ........................................................................................ 115 8.6.3 Based on General Experience ...................................................................................... 115 8.7 CIPP Use and Testing in Japan ................................................................................................. 117 8.8 Approach to Retrospective Evaluation in Quebec ................................................................... 123 9.0: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................ 126 9.1 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 126 9.1.1 Tasks to Date ............................................................................................................... 126 9.1.2 CIPP Liner Condition Findings to Date....................................................................... 126 9.1.3 Initial Findings on Value of Various Physical Testing Approaches ............................ 127 9.1.3.1 Soil Conditions ............................................................................................ 127 9.1.3.2 Visual Inspection ......................................................................................... 127 9.1.3.3 Thickness and Annular Gap ........................................................................ 127 9.1.3.4 Flexural and Tensile Testing ....................................................................... 128 9.1.3.5 Surface Hardness Testing ............................................................................ 128 9.1.3.6 Material Composition Testing ..................................................................... 128 9.1.4 Recommendations for National Data Compilation and Management. ........................ 128 9.2 Recommendations for Future Work ......................................................................................... 129 9.2.1 Recommendations for Continued Retrospective Evaluations on Retrieved Samples . 129 xi
9.2.2 Recommendations for Development and Calibration of NDT Protocols .................... 129 10.0: REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 130 APPENDICES APPENDIX A: List of Test Standards Referenced APPENDIX B: Investigation of Ultrasonic Measurements for CIPP Thickness APPENDIX C: International Study Interview Reports APPENDIX D: Mercury Penetration Porosity Test Reports FIGURES Figure 2-1. Rehabilitation Approaches for Sewer Mainlines .................................................................. 4 Figure 2-2. CIPP Installation Options: Liner Pull-in (Left) and Liner Inversion (Right) ....................... 8 Figure 2-3. Summary of Common CIPP Technologies .......................................................................... 9 Figure 2-4. UV Light Curing Train ....................................................................................................... 12 Figure 4-1. Images of the Recovered Specimen ................................................................................... 25 Figure 4-2. Images of the Inner Surface of the 25-year Old, 6-ft Long CIPP Liner Section ................ 25 Figure 4-3. Location of Soil Sample Collection Place (Denver 8-in Site) ............................................ 26 Figure 4-4. Soil Grain Size Distribution (Denver 8-in. Site) ................................................................ 27 Figure 4-5. Measurement of pH Using a pH Meter .............................................................................. 28 Figure 4-6. Average Thickness at Different Locations on the Liner ..................................................... 29 Figure 4-7. Profile Plotter Setup ........................................................................................................... 30 Figure 4-8. Ovality of the Denver 8-in. Liner ....................................................................................... 31 Figure 4-9. Liner Specimens - Bending (Left) and Tensile (Right) (Denver 8-in. Liner) ..................... 32 Figure 4-10. Flexural Testing in Accordance with ASTM D790 ............................................................ 32 Figure 4-11. Tensile Testing Specimens Before (Left) and After the Test (Right) ................................ 32 Figure 4-12. Stress-Strain Curves from Flexural Testing of Specimens (Denver 8-in. Liner) ............... 34 Figure 4-13. Stress-Strain Curves from Tensile Testing of Specimens (Denver 8-in. Liner) ................. 36 Figure 4-14. Machined Mechanical Tube (Left) and a Threaded Hole on the Tube (Right) .................. 37 Figure 4-15. Liner Inside the Pipe and Beveling of the Liner ................................................................. 37 Figure 4-17. Experimental Setup Showing the Threaded Rod ................................................................ 37 Figure 4-16. Drawing of a Pressure Cap ................................................................................................. 38 Figure 4-18. Pressure Gage and Pressure Application Installed on the System ...................................... 39 Figure 4-19. Nitrogen Gas Pressure Bladder System for Supplying the Test Pressure .......................... 39 Figure 4-20. Profile Plotting – LVDT Rotating on the Inner Circumference ......................................... 39 Figure 4-21. Pressure on the Liner at Intervals During the Test ............................................................. 40 Figure 4-22. Localized Leak on the Liner – Green Spots Due to Green Food Color ............................. 40 Figure 4-23. Shore D Hardness Readings for the Liner’s Inner and Outer Surfaces (Denver 8-in. Liner) .................................................................................................................................. 42 Figure 4-24. Barcol Hardness Readings for the Liner’s Inner and Outer Surfaces ................................. 43 Figure 4-25. Raman Spectra (Denver 8-in. Liner) .................................................................................. 44 Figure 4-26. Layout and 2010 Sample Locations for the Denver 48-in. Liner ....................................... 47 Figure 4-27. Images of the Recovered Samples from the Denver 48-in. Liner ...................................... 48 Figure 4-28. Thickness for Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample ............................................................. 49 Figure 4-29. Thickness for Denver 48-in. Upstream Sample .................................................................. 49 Figure 4-30. Weighing Scale, Model Mettler PM200 ............................................................................. 50 Figure 4-31. Wire Basket and Thermometer ........................................................................................... 50 xii
Page 1 and 2: EPA/600/R-12/004 | January 2012 | w
Page 3 and 4: DISCLAIMER The work reported in thi
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has bee
Page 7 and 8: samples had a flexural modulus valu
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...............
Page 11: 4.3.10.2 Upstream Sample ..........
Page 15 and 16: Figure 5-27. Raman Spectra for the
Page 17 and 18: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMP Asse
Page 19 and 20: 1.0: INTRODUCTION This report forms
Page 21 and 22: 1.2 Organization of the Report Foll
Page 23 and 24: Some sections of a sewer system may
Page 25 and 26: • The depth of the pipe below the
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2-3 highlights the main diff
Page 29 and 30: The most commonly used resins are i
Page 31 and 32: the glass fiber. The tube, which is
Page 33 and 34: 3.0: DEVELOPMENT OF CIPP EVALUATION
Page 35 and 36: • The municipality would be willi
Page 37 and 38: • Measurements and/or physical sa
Page 39 and 40: Table 3-3. Laboratory Evaluation an
Page 41 and 42: 4.1 Introduction 4.0: CITY OF DENVE
Page 43 and 44: Figure 4-1. Images of the Recovered
Page 45 and 46: Sample ID Figure 4-4. Soil Grain Si
Page 47 and 48: Location Table 4-5. Denver 8-in. Li
Page 49 and 50: Profile Plot Red - Steel tube Green
Page 51 and 52: Table 4-7. Results from Flexural Te
Page 53 and 54: 35 Table 4-9. Comparison of Test Da
Page 55 and 56: 4.2.12 Buckling Test. A steel mecha
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4-18. Pressure Gage and Pres
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.13 Shore D Hardness. Durometer
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-24. Barcol Hardness Readin
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increases and the heat of cure decr
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In summary, CCTV inspection of thre
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Figure 4-28. Thickness for Denver 4
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4.3.6.2 Downstream Sample. Seven sp
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Figure 4-34. Flexural Stress-Strain
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Table 4-18. Flexural Test Results f
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4.3.8.2 Upstream Sample. Specimens
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4.3.10 Barcol Hardness 4.3.10.1 Dow
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4.3.11.2 Downstream Sample. The Ram
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5.1 Introduction 5.0: CITY OF COLUM
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April 16, 2010 The specimen was rec
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The resulting gradation curves are
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Table 5-4. Soil pH at Designated Lo
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Figure 5-8. Average Thickness at Di
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5.2.12 Flexural Testing. Specimens
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Figure 5-14. Flexural Stress-Strain
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Figure 5-16. Tensile Stress-Strain
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5.2.15 Buckling Test. A mechanical
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Figure 5-24. Localized Leak on the
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Figure 5-26. Barcol Hardness Readin
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5.3.3 Visual Inspection of Liner. I
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Figure 5-32. Ultrasonic Testing for
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Table 5-13. Geometric Data for Flex
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Figure 5-38. Shore D Hardness of Co
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6.1 Introduction 6.0: REVIEW AND CO
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Overall, the liners appear to be ho
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age difference between the liners i
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Looking for correlations to the low
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A significantly lower range of Shor
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7.0: RECOMMENDED TEST PROTOCOL FOR
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combining this broadly available in
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Table 7-3. Overall Structure for a
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Table 8-2. CIPP and Other Rehabilit
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Table 8-5. Rehabilitation Specifica
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113 Table 8-9. Process Verification
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Göttingen Stadtentwässerung: Göt
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experience and quality, and do not
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km of pipe and 50-year-old pipes ar
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methods are detailed in the Guide t
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The business of pipeline rehabilita
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• Destructive testing (but will n
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In Denver, in CCTV inspections of n
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9.2 Recommendations for Future Work
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Falter, B. 1996. “Structural Anal
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Lehmann, M.A, J.P. Schroeder and C.
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APPENDIX A LIST OF TEST STANDARDS R
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The following table lists the non-A
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B.1 Introduction This study was con
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Mean thickness values for each cont
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APPENDIX C INTERNATIONAL STUDY INTE
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The original Insituform liner insta
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However, the figures published by O
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exfiltration and infiltration. Any
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STW uses CIPP for virtually all of
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method. Top hat repairs to junction
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All design and construction supervi
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Process verification test samples a
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consultant born out of the corporat
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BW continues to use CIPP, mainly in
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East, but has not yet had marked su
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D-1
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D-3
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