Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...
Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...
Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...
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3.4.1 Additional Test<strong>in</strong>g Concepts. As the protocols were further developed <strong>in</strong> discussion with<br />
the City <strong>of</strong> Denver and the City <strong>of</strong> Columbus, some additional avenues for test<strong>in</strong>g or evaluation were<br />
proposed either by the City or the research team. These are listed <strong>in</strong> Table 3-4 together with comments on<br />
the potential value <strong>of</strong> the test<strong>in</strong>g, expected difficulties <strong>in</strong> test<strong>in</strong>g or <strong>in</strong>terpretation, and the use <strong>of</strong> the<br />
test<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the current pilot project. The ma<strong>in</strong> area <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest was to try to identify potentially useful new<br />
approaches that could provide an <strong>in</strong>dication <strong>of</strong> any l<strong>in</strong>er deterioration – either NDT methods that could be<br />
deployed with<strong>in</strong> a pipel<strong>in</strong>e or destructive methods that only required a small sample <strong>of</strong> l<strong>in</strong>er material.<br />
Such tests could then be correlated with the standard tests <strong>in</strong> this study to see if a relationship appeared to<br />
resist. If so, then the promis<strong>in</strong>g tests could be evaluated further <strong>in</strong> future projects to fully establish the<br />
validity <strong>of</strong> the approach.<br />
Table 3-4. Additional Test<strong>in</strong>g/<strong>Evaluation</strong> Concepts Considered<br />
Test Description Potential Value Difficulties Application for pilot study<br />
Thermo-<br />
Gravimetric<br />
Analysis<br />
(TGA)<br />
Fourier-<br />
Transform<br />
Infrared<br />
(FTIR)<br />
Spectroscopy<br />
Compression<br />
Strength<br />
Test<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Measures the<br />
weight loss <strong>of</strong><br />
the sample as it<br />
is heated to show<br />
the temperatures<br />
at which<br />
degradation<br />
takes place.<br />
Identifies the<br />
nature <strong>of</strong><br />
chemical bonds<br />
and the<br />
crystall<strong>in</strong>e<br />
phases that<br />
formed <strong>in</strong> the<br />
material.<br />
Provides a<br />
material strength<br />
parameter.<br />
Fractography Exam<strong>in</strong>es<br />
fracture surfaces<br />
under a<br />
Rebound<br />
(Schmidt)<br />
Hammer<br />
Chemical-<br />
Resistance<br />
microscope.<br />
Data on surface<br />
properties and<br />
shallow<br />
delam<strong>in</strong>ations.<br />
Used pr<strong>in</strong>cipally<br />
for concrete<br />
materials.<br />
Measures the<br />
strength loss <strong>of</strong><br />
samples that<br />
have been<br />
exposed to<br />
chemicals.<br />
This provides <strong>in</strong>formation<br />
about the organic<br />
components and could<br />
identify degradation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
CIPP material. Aga<strong>in</strong>,<br />
comparison <strong>of</strong> surface<br />
material versus core<br />
material and/or control<br />
samples would be useful.<br />
If the res<strong>in</strong> is known, or if<br />
samples <strong>of</strong> the res<strong>in</strong> are<br />
available, spectra from the<br />
field samples can be<br />
compared to the res<strong>in</strong>. If<br />
controls are not available,<br />
spectra can be exam<strong>in</strong>ed<br />
for signs <strong>of</strong> degradation<br />
such as oxidation products.<br />
Would provide values for<br />
comparison with flexural<br />
and tensile test values.<br />
Ga<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>sight <strong>in</strong>to what type<br />
<strong>of</strong> failures are occurr<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
l<strong>in</strong>er materials.<br />
Might provide <strong>in</strong>sight <strong>in</strong>to<br />
surface deterioration <strong>of</strong><br />
l<strong>in</strong>er materials and/or<br />
evidence <strong>of</strong> delam<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
<strong>in</strong> th<strong>in</strong> l<strong>in</strong>ers.<br />
Would determ<strong>in</strong>e if the<br />
specimens were still <strong>in</strong><br />
compliance with the<br />
chemical-resistance<br />
requirements <strong>of</strong> Table X2.1<br />
<strong>of</strong> ASTM F1216.<br />
22<br />
The challenge is<br />
develop<strong>in</strong>g a<br />
test<strong>in</strong>g protocol<br />
that accounts for<br />
the VOCs<br />
common to many<br />
res<strong>in</strong>s used <strong>in</strong><br />
CIPP<br />
<strong>in</strong>stallations.<br />
Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary tests dur<strong>in</strong>g this<br />
study did not yield<br />
<strong>in</strong>terpretable data,<br />
potentially due to too high<br />
temperature gap<br />
None. Not used. One challenge for<br />
a retrospective evaluation is<br />
obta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g good control<br />
samples for virg<strong>in</strong> materials<br />
that may no longer be on the<br />
market. Raman<br />
spectroscopy was used for<br />
the purposes <strong>of</strong> this study.<br />
L<strong>in</strong>er thickness<br />
and curved shape<br />
not suitable for<br />
compression test.<br />
Complement to<br />
other test<strong>in</strong>g to<br />
failure.<br />
Current<br />
equipment too<br />
large to use <strong>in</strong><br />
small dia. pipes.<br />
Value <strong>of</strong><br />
measurements<br />
unclear.<br />
Not used.<br />
Not used.<br />
None. Not used.<br />
Not followed up at this time.<br />
Shore and Barcol surface<br />
hardness measurements<br />
made <strong>in</strong>stead.