Enzymatic Treatment of Wool with Modified Proteases

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Carla Joana dos Santos Marinho da Silva Guimarães, 2005 Enzymatic Treatment of Wool with Modified Proteases Dissertation presented for PhD degree in Textile Engineering at University of Minho Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Engenharia Têxtil pela Universidade do Minho
SUPERVISOR Prof. Doutor Artur Cavaco-Paulo Textile Engineering Department, University of Minho
Page 1: UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO ESCOLA DE ENG
Page 5 and 6: À minha familia, pela beleza da Vi
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT The tendency of wool to fe
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT IV RESUM
Page 11 and 12: 4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 86 4.3.1
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2.3 - Langmuir isotherm (—
Page 15 and 16: Figure 5.2 - Contour plot showing t
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION "The
Page 19 and 20: of the fibres, thus removing the cu
Page 21 and 22: many fabrics have been manufactured
Page 23 and 24: synthetics; a factor which is a key
Page 25 and 26: which was Australia, where the bree
Page 27 and 28: O O O O O R R HN HN HN HN NH NH NH
Page 29 and 30: cuticle cells are composed of three
Page 31 and 32: 1.1.3 FELTING AND SHRINKAGE One of
Page 33 and 34: will be described later (section 1.
Page 35 and 36: Bleaching Only a small percentage o
Page 37 and 38: chemical attack on the cuticle of t
Page 39 and 40: characteristics and their propertie
Page 41 and 42: dominate the market, accounting for
Page 43 and 44: $ Millions 1400 1200 1000 800 600 4
Page 45 and 46: Probably the largest application of
Page 47 and 48: They are numerous and widespread, s
Page 49 and 50: prevents the enzyme from contaminat
Page 51 and 52: Generally it is found that covalent
Page 53 and 54:
second step should be the modificat
Page 55 and 56:
pectinases, lipases and cellulases
Page 57 and 58:
treatment but always with correspon
Page 59 and 60:
1.5 DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS In resear
Page 61 and 62:
despite being a vital component to
Page 63 and 64:
among others; though this methodolo
Page 65 and 66:
CHAPTER 2 TREATMENT OF WOOL FIBRES
Page 67 and 68:
2.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 2.2.1 ENZY
Page 69 and 70:
2.2.6 FELTING AND PILLING Felting a
Page 71 and 72:
2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Protease
Page 73 and 74:
adsorption. This was manifested in
Page 75 and 76:
higher, indicating wool fibre degra
Page 77 and 78:
Table 2.1 - Values for the relative
Page 79 and 80:
activity could not adsorb considera
Page 81 and 82:
3. CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS ON PROTEI
Page 83 and 84:
phosphate buffer pH 7.5. Aggregatio
Page 85 and 86:
of the unmodified standard and modi
Page 87 and 88:
interactions among them. As can be
Page 89 and 90:
having about 20 fold the size of un
Page 91 and 92:
A 280 nm 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 E 0
Page 93 and 94:
found that with 0.25% GTA, the degr
Page 95 and 96:
disrupted form, which means, in the
Page 97 and 98:
4. THE USE OF REVERSIBLY WATER-SOLU
Page 99 and 100:
4.2.4 STABILITY MEASUREMENTS The fr
Page 101 and 102:
4.2.8 WOOL PRE-TREATMENTS AND ENZYM
Page 103 and 104:
4.3.1 EFFECT OF PH AND TEMPERATURE
Page 105 and 106:
time increased about 5 fold. At roo
Page 107 and 108:
values upon immobilization have bee
Page 109 and 110:
given in Figure 4.4. The Eudragit-E
Page 111 and 112:
treatment. In the case of native Es
Page 113 and 114:
already referred. The fibers that w
Page 115 and 116:
CHAPTER 5 OPTIMIZATION OF A SERINE
Page 117 and 118:
5.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 5.2.1 ENZY
Page 119 and 120:
Table 5.1 - Factor levels used acco
Page 121 and 122:
and the coupling time were also var
Page 123 and 124:
These high complexes might correspo
Page 125 and 126:
5.3.1 EFFECT OF PARAMETERS IN CONJU
Page 127 and 128:
The contour plot for the activity i
Page 129 and 130:
model did not show lack of fit and
Page 131 and 132:
5.3.3 EFFECT OF PARAMETERS IN CONJU
Page 133 and 134:
Table 5.6 - Analysis of variance (A
Page 135 and 136:
concentration were kept at its lowe
Page 137 and 138:
Specific Activity (U/mg) 10 8 6 4 2
Page 139 and 140:
CHAPTER 6 GENERAL DISCUSSION "The w
Page 141 and 142:
The fact that the proteases were bi
Page 143 and 144:
compound. Several other approaches
Page 145 and 146:
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PE
Page 147 and 148:
7.2 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES Further stu
Page 149 and 150:
BIBLIOGRAPHY "Nothing in this world
Page 151 and 152:
Bigi A, Cojazzi G, Panzavolta S, Ru
Page 153 and 154:
Cong L, Kaul R, Dissing U, Mattiass
Page 155 and 156:
Fiadeiro JM, Roldan L, Stevens C, F
Page 157 and 158:
Julia MR, Pascual E, Erra P (2000).
Page 159 and 160:
Negri AP, Cornell HJ, Rivett DE (19
Page 161 and 162:
Sardar M, Roy I, Gupta MN (2000). S
Page 163 and 164:
Teotia S, Sharma S, Gupta MN (2003)
Page 165 and 166:
APPENDIX A TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HAIR
Page 167 and 168:
WO 03/097927 PCT/PT02700008 DESCRIP
Page 169 and 170:
Several enzymatic methods have been
Page 171 and 172:
warming and stirring, activated, an
Page 173 and 174:
treatment was conducted at 37ºC, f
Page 175 and 176:
damage just the cortex layer of the
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