JIM FARR'S NUMISMATIC BIBLIOGRAPHY This is an annotated ...

JIM FARR’S NUMISMATIC BIBLIOGRAPHY
This is an annotated bibliography of what I have in my own personal numismatic library. It is not a comprehensive
bibliography of all references pertinent to my interests, only what I actually own. I am always interested in knowing
about important references that I don’t have, and I am especially always interested in receiving copies of articles
from their authors if I don’t have them in my library.
I have written the annotations to make them easy for me to search. Names of Islamic dynasties are spelled as they are
in Steve Album’s Checklist of Islamic Coins. I can find all references about the Golden Horde, Mamluks, Germany,
Bavaria, Ireland, Yemen, etc, by searching the text for those key words. It’s not perfect, but it offsets my inability to
remember what I have.
If you would like for me to send this bibliography to you as a WordPerfect or Word file, or if you would like to
contact me about anything else, please email me at jimfarr@nettally.com.
Please note that I am neither a lending library nor a photocopy service. I am not a professional numismatist,
only an avid collector. I work a regular job as a conservation biologist and use my time away from work to
pursue my coin hobby and other interests, to play with my dogs, to keep up my home, and otherwise to relax.
I simply do not have the time to make photocopies of my rare or out-of-print books or lengthy articles, so
please don’t ask me to do it. The American Numismatic Association lends its books to members, the
American Numismatic Society will photocopy short articles for members, and most libraries have an
interlibrary loan service. Try them. That is how I got many of the works in my own library.
Updated January 4, 2011
‘Abd al-Rahman, Husayn. Al-Nuqud. Matba’at al-Itimad, Cairo, 1940. Photocopy.
An introduction to the Islamic coinage of Egypt, beginning with the Umayyads and ending in 1939. It
covers Umayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid, Ayyubid, Mamluk, Ottoman and post-Ottoman coinage. Very nice
overview, easy to use.
‘Abd al-Wahhab, H. H. Al-nuqud al-Arabiyya fi Tunis/History of Tunisian Coinage. Banque Centrale de Tunis,
Tunis, 1968. In Arabic. Photocopy.
The catalogue of the bank’s collection of Tunisian coinage. Includes ancient coins, Umayyad, Abbasid,
Fatimid, Zirid of Qayrawan, and Hafsid dynasties. Legends written out.
Abramishvili, Tamara Ysonovna. Katalog Trapezundskikh Asprov i Zapadnogruzinskikh Monet (Kirmaneuli) Gos.
Muzeya Gruzii/ Catalogue of Trebizond Aspers and West Georgian Coins in the National Museum of
Georgia. Tbilisi, 1984. (In Georgian, with Russian summary).
Catalogue of 456 Trebizond coins. The text is in Georgian, so it doesn’t help me much, but the plates are
decent and there are tables with variations in legends. Unfortunately, the numbers don’t match up with the
text descriptions or the plates.
Abywardene, T. M. de Silva. Price Catalogue of Ancient Coins of Ceylon. Careem & Co., Colombo, Ceylon,
1952.
An overview of the coinage of Ceylon. It concentrates primarily on the ancient coinage (B.C. 600 through
the Kandy coinage), but also includes types through 1815. Several plates of minimal quality. There is a
brief historical and geographical overview. Valuations in Ceylonese currency are included.
Adrianov, Yaroslav. Russkiye Monety 1700 - 2000 Godov: Istoricheskii Obzor I Katalog/ Russian Coins from
1700-2000: Historical Survey and Catalogue. Perm’, Russia, 2001.

Catalague of coins of Russia from the reign of Peter I (the Great) through the Soviet Union and post-Soviet
Russia. An oversized book with good plates. Much data on individual issues and an attempt at valuations
with comparisons to Krause.
Agat, Nurettin. Altinordu (Cuci Ogullari) Paralari Katalogu, 1250-1502/Catalogue of Coins of the Golden Horde
(Jujid Dynasty), 1250-1502. Edebiyat Fakultesi Matbaasi, Istanbul, 1976.
Comprehensive treatment of the Islamic Golden Horde dynasty, with earlier issues of the Giray Khans
included. No illustrations, but Arabic legends written out for all types, and a list of mints and dates
precedes coin descriptions for each ruler. There is also a brief treatment of Sufid coinage. Tables and
indexes of legends, mints, dates, varieties of tamgas.
Ahlstroem, Bjarne. Sveriges Besittningsmynt, 1561-1878. B. Ahlstroem Mynthandel AB, Stockholm, 1967. In
Swedish, German and English.
Coins of Swedish possessions. Includes Reval, Narva, Riga, Livland, Elbing, Thorn, Pommern, Stralsund,
Wismar, Bremen-Verden, Stade, Augsburg, Erfurt, Fuerth, Mainz, Nuernburg, Osnabrueck, Wuerzburg,
Saint Bartholomew, and Uncertain mints.
Ahlstroem, Bjarne, Yngve Almer and Bengt Hemmingsson. Sveriges Mynt, 1521-1977. Numismatiska
Bokfoerlaget AB, Stockholm, 1976. Swedish and English.
Coins of Sweden.
Ahlstroem, Bjarne, Bernard F. Brekke, and Bengt Hemmingsson. Norges Mynter. Numismatiska Bokfoerlaget
7AB, Stockholm, 1976. Swedish and English.
The coinage of Norway from the Viking Age (ca. 995) through 1975.
al-’Ajjabi, Hamid. Jama’al-maskukat al-’arabiyya bi-Ifriqiya/ Collection of Arabic coins from Africa. Vol. I.
Publications de l’institut National du Patrimoine, Tunis, 1988. In Arabic.
Catalogue of Islamic coins in the Musee du Bardo, Tunis. Includes Umayyad, Abbasid, Aghlabid, Fatimid,
Zirid of Qayrawan, Hafsid, and early Ottoman coinage. Legends written out, good photographic plates.
al-’Ajjabi, Hamid. Jama’al-maskukat al-’arabiyya bi-Ifriqiya/ Collection of Arabic coins from Africa. Vol. II.
Publications de l’institut National du Patrimoine, Tunis, 1996. In Arabic.
A continuation of the Islamic coinage in the Musee du Bardo. Includes later Ottoman and Husaynid
coinage.
Akerman, John Yonge. Tradesmen’s Tokens Current in London and its Vicinity between the Years 1648 and 1672.
Originally published London, 1849. Reprint by Burt Franklin, London, 1969.
th
A description of 2461 tokens of England from the 17 century, many with notes about the establishments or
personalities who issued the tokens. Includes a token of James Farr (no. 711) of Fleet Street.
Akin, Alexander. The Sino-Sogdian Coinage of the Ikhshids of Samarkand. Unpublished Manuscript, Harvard
University, January 19, 1998.
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A nice historical overview of the relationship between China and the merchants of Sogdiana and a
description of the square-holed Sogdian coins. The author drew from original Chinese sources that have not
been treated elsewhere, and he also commented on various customs as gleaned from contemporary art.
There are details about several of the rulers that I have not seen elsewhere.
Akopyan, A. V. Tipologiya Monetnogo Chekana Gyandzhi v. 1172-1217 gg.x./ The Typology of Coins Struck in
Ganja from 1172-1217 AH. Pp. 84-87 In: Pyatnadtsataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya
Konferentsia, Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Moscow, 2009.
Twelve coins struck in Ganja during the time of the Khanate, including those struck in the name of Nadir
Shah Afshar, anonymous coins of the Khanate, and coins of the Georgian occupation.
Akopyan, A. V. and I. K. Pagava. Neopublikovannyi Fels’ Abu Sa’ida, Chekanennyi v Barda’/ An Unpublished
Fals of Abu Sa’id Struck in Barda’. P. 195 In: Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii.
Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar
2005, V - MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
An Ilkhan copper of Abu Sa’id from the mint of Barda’.
Album, Stephen. An Umayyad Hoard from Afghanistan. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 17, pp. 241-246, 1971.
A description of 131 Umayyad silver dirhams found in Afghanistan. There was one new mint, Masabadhan,
and four other previously unpublished types.
Album, Stephen. Notes on the Coinage of Muhammad ibn al'Husayn al'Rawwadi. Reprint from Revue
Numismatique, 6th serie, Volume XIV, 1972.
A note on the history and coinage of the short-lived Rawwadid dynasty of Azerbayjan (997-1016).
Album, Stephen. Power and Legitimacy: The Coinage of Mubariz al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muzaffar at Yazd
and Kirman. Le monde iranien et l'Islam, Vol. 2, pp. 157-171, 1974. Photocopy
A note on the Islamic Muzaffarid dynasty in southern Iran from the 14th century. In particular it describes
the use of inscriptions on coins to legitimize power, especially using the names of the Caliph or other
dynastic overlords.
Album, Stephen. A Hoard of Silver Coins from the Time of Iskandar Qara Qoyunlu. Numismatic Chronicle,
Seventh Series, Vol. XVI, pp. 109-157, 1976. Photocopy.
A description of a hoard of Islamic coinage of the Qara Qoyunlu, Shirvanshah and Timurid dynasties.
Much history, descriptions of coins with Arabic legends. Photographic plates.
Album, Stephen. Samanid Oversize Dirhams of the Fourth Century A.H. (Tenth Century A.D.). Numismatic
Chronicle, Seventh Series, Vol. XVI, pp. 248-254, 1976.
A critical review of Mitchiner's treatise on multiple dirhems.
Album, Stephen. Marsden's Numismata Orientalia Illustrata. Attic Books, Ltd., New York, 1977.
A revised an updated edition of Marsden's original work published in 1823. Provides a decent general
overview of Islamic coinage with values and bibliographies. Good historical overviews preceding each
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section. Sections on Far Eastern coinage very incomplete and not very useful. Nicely illustrated with line
drawings.
Album, Stephen. The Coinage of Nur-Award, Atabeg of Lur Buzurg, 751-57 H./A.D. 1350-1356. Reprint from
The American Numismatic Society Museum Notes, Volume 22, 1977.
The history and coinage of the only apparent Atabeg of Lur Buzurg in Iran to issue coinage (1350-1356).
Album, Stephen. A further note on Tamerlane & Babur. Numismatics International, Vol. 14, pp. 210-212, 1980.
A historical note that includes information on the relationships among the Mongols, Chaghatayid, Timurids
and Sufids. No coin descriptions.
Album, Stephen. A late sixteenth century countermarked copper from Isfahan. Numismatics International, Vol.
16, pp. 55-57, 1982.
A description of a countermarked la’nat falus from Isfahan. It is the only published description of the la’nat
coinage of the second period of Iranian civic coppers. The legend is translated, but not written out in
Persian or transliterated.
Album, Stephen. Studies in Ilkhanid History and Numismatics. I. A Late Ilkhanid Hoard (743/1342). Studia
Iranica, Vol. 13, pp. 49-116, 1984. Photocopy.
A description of a hoard of 281 silver coins of the late Islamic Mongol Ilkhanid dynasty, mostly from
southern Iraq and southern Iran. Includes complete descriptions of coins and much historical information.
Album, Stephen. Studies in Ilkhanid History and Numismatics. II. A Late Ilkhanid Hoard (741/1340) as
Evidence for the History of Diyar Bakr. Studia Iranica, Vol. 14, pp. 43-76, 1985.
A description of a hoard of 273 silver coins of the Islamic Mongol Ilkhanid dynasty, mostly from the Jazira.
Includes full coin descriptions, nice plates and an analysis of the history of the dynasty as elucidated from
the coins.
Album, Stephen. Private Collection of Abbasid Coins. 1986?
Copy of Steve’s notes on his Abbasid collection. His handwritten descriptions of 726 Abbasid gold, silver
and copper coins from his personal collection prior to its inclusion in the collection at Tuebingen. Legends
meticulously written out by hand, alphabetically by mint, in date order within mints.
Album, Stephen. An Arab-Sasanian Dirham Hoard from the year 72 Hijri. Reprint from Studia Iranica, Volume
21(2). Published by the L'Association pour l'avancement des etudes Iraniennes, 1992.
A description of a hoard of countermarked Sasanian coins and later Arab-Sasanian types.
Album, Stephen. A Checklist of Popular Islamic Coins. Published by the Author, Santa Rosa, California, 1993.
A listing of Islamic coin types with rarity indices. Brief historical notes precede each section. Not
illustrated. Important bibliographic information for specific dynasties.
Album, Stephen. The Coming of Age of Islamic Numismatics. Yarmouk Numismatics, Volume 7, pp. 37-46,
1995. Offprint.
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A discussion of the rapid development of Islamic numismatics during the previous two decades, both in
academic circles and in the collector-commercial (dealer) realm. The author relates several anecdotes of
advances in the field from his own experience as both researcher and dealer and makes a case for systematic
publication of collections, both private and public, either in print or electronically.
Album, Stephen. An Overview of the Coinage of Sistan. I. Before the Mongols. Yarmouk Numismatics, Volume
10, pp. 11-30, 1998.
An overview of the coins of Sijistan, Zaranj, Nimruz and Bust. It is not a catalogue or description of coins,
but rather a narrative of the numismatic history. It includes Arab-Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid (with a table
of names found on the coins), Tahirid, Saffarid, Samanid, Tamimid, and Ghaznavid. He gives a great
synopsis of the succession of rulers and dynasties at each mint.
Album, Stephen. An Overview of the Coinage of Sistan. II. After the Mongols. Yarmouk Numismatics, Volume
11, pp. 7-17, 1999.
A continuation of his Sistan narrative. Includes Kart, Chingizid, Mehrabanid, Timurid, Shaybanid and
Safavid.
Album, Stephen. Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean. Volume 10. Arabia and East Africa. Ashmolean
Museum Oxford, 1999.
This is a fantastic and welcome volume on the coins in the Ashmolean, particularly the Shamma collection.
It is the only recent and relatively comprehensive work on Arabian (especially Yemen) and East African
dynasties. Dynasties covered in the catalogue are Abbasid, Fatimid, Rasulid, Qasimid, Sulayhid, Ziyadid,
Najjahid, Mahdid, Ayyubid, Rassid, ‘Alid Rebel, Khwalanid, Amirs of ‘Athar, Tarafid, Zuray’id, Banu
Sama, Wajihid, Buwayhid, Mukramid, Umayyad, Ikhshidid, Qarmatid, Harar, Kilwa, Mogadishu,
Mombasa, Pemba and Zanzibar. Everycoin is photographed (not always clearly), legends are written out in
Arabic, there is good introductory material, and fantastic bibliography and index. The book to have if you
need the Arabian Peninsula or East Africa.
Album, Stephen. Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean. Volume 9. Iran after the Mongol Invasion.
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 2001.
The second volume to appear in the Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean. It contains 1797 coins
from more than 160 mints and 32 dynasties (including Civic Coppers) It is very heavy in Ilkhan,
Muzaffarid, Jalayrid, Eretnid, Timurid, Safavid and later Shahs of Iran, Durrani, Barakzai, Aq Qoyunlu,
Qara Qoyunlu and the Civic Coppers. Other dynasties are the Great Mongols (Chingizids), Golden Horde
(a few rare mints, not the common mints), Walid, Ghilzay, Sarbadar, Amirs of Badakhshan, Khans of
Karabakh (in Panahabad), Alikozay, Qalhat Amirs of Hormuz, Shirvanshahs (Khaqanid), Burhanid, Khans
of Shimakhi, Injuyid, Qutlughkhanid, Khans of Ganja, Amir of Qunduz (Qunduz and Hisar mints),
Mehrabanid and Kart. The collection tends to have many rarities, but not the common coins of the
dynasties covered. This is a first-class catalogue with complete legends written out in Arabic and
outstanding photos. A definite treasure.
Album, Stephen. Damghan and Bistam. Undated handwritten manuscript.
Hand list of 89 coins from Damghan and five coins from Bistam. Dynasties include Great Mongols,
Ilkhans, Sarbadar, Walid, Chaghatayid, Timurid, Shaybanid and Safavid. Legends meticulously written out
by hand, some coins with line drawings of cartouches and other designs.
Album, Stephen. Album Collection Inventory. Undated typed manuscript.
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A list of Injuyid, Atabegs of Lur Buzurg, Muzaffarid, Jalayrid, Sarbadar, Walid, Mar’ashi Sayyid, Rebellion
of Akhi Juq, Kart and Mehrabanid coins in his collection. Listed only by mint, date, metal and
denomination, most with other descriptive notes. No other descriptions or illustrations.
Album, Stephen and Tony Goodwin. Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean. Volume 1. The Pre-Reform
Coinage of the Early Islamic Period. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 2002.
This is a remarkable book. Not only is it a Sylloge of an impressive collection of Arab-Sasanian and Arab-
Byzantine coins, but it also contains more than 100 pages of very thorough analysis of iconography,
historical surveys, typology, provincial summaries, lists of mints, metrology, dates and dating,
countermarks, imitations, forgeries, and chronologies. The book is well-indexed and has two good maps of
mint locations. Steve Album did the Arab-Sasanian coinage (504 coins), and Tony Goodwin did the Arab-
Byzantine (238 coins).
Alfian, T. Ibrahim. Mata Uang Emas Kerajaan - Kerajaan di Aceh. Seri Penerbitan Museum Negeri Aceh, 1979.
Photocopy.
A listing of gold coins from Atcheh. Each type is described with Arab legends transliterated, but not
written out in Arabic. Each type is photographed.
Ali, Wijdan. Islamic Coins during the Umayyad, Abbasid, Andalusian and Fatimid Dynasties. Publication No
4046, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation, Manchester, 2004.
An 11-page overview of the early history of Islamic coinage. A few nice color photographs of
representative coins.
Alieva, G. Materialy k Katalogy Monet Timura, Chekanennykh v Gorodakh Zapadnovo Irana i
Azerbaidzhana/Material towards a Catalogue of the Coins of Timur Struck in Towns of Western Iran and
Azerbaijan. In: Rtveladze, E. V. (Ed.), Numizmatika Uzbekistana, Akademiya Nauk Uzbekskoi CCR,
Tashkent, 1990, pp. 83-99.
A description of 123 coins of Timur, founder of the Timurid dynasty. Includes legends written out in
Arabic.
th
Allan, John. Offa’s Imitation of an Arab Dinar. Numismatic Chronicle, 4 Series, Volume 14, pp. 77-89, 1914.
Examination of a unique gold Mancus of Offa (Anglo Saxon King of Mercia, 757-796). It is an inexact
copy of an Abbasid Dinar of al-Mansur dated AH 157 (774 CE) with Offa Rex added to the center of the
reverse. Anglo-Saxon England had significant trade relations only with the Carolingian Empire, so it is
suggested that Offa became acquainted with the Abbasid Dinar through this route. The Carolingians in turn
had close trading relations with the Muslim East, and significant quantities of Arab gold would have been
expected in France as a result.
Allan, John. Catalogue of the Coins in the Indian Museum Calcutta, Volume IV: Native States. Originally
published in Calcutta, 1926. Reprint by Indological Book Corporation, New Dehli, 1976.
The Indian coins of the Indian States. Each state has a brief introduction, then coins are listed with legends
written out. Very useful as a supplement to or substitute for Krause. The plates are decent.
Allan, John. A Catalogue of the Indian Coins in the British Museum: Coins of Ancient India. Originally
published 1936. Reprinted by Eastern Book House, Patna, India, 1989.
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Mostly Punchmarked coins of the Mauryan Empire and tribal issues of ancient India. Nicely organized to
facilitate identification of types. The plates are mediocre, typical of Indian reprints.
Allen, Derek. An Introduction to Celtic Coins. British Museum Publications, London, 1978.
An introduction to the Celtic coinage of all of Europe, from the Danubian basin to England.
Allen, Derek and Daphne Nash. The Coins of the Ancient Celts. Edinburgh University Press, 1980.
An in-depth view of Celtic coinage throughout Europe, with a substantial bibliography and 41 plates.
Alptekin, Coskun. Selcuklu Paralari. Selcuklu Arastirmalari Dergisi, Volume 3, pp. 435-559, 1971. (Photocopy)
A description of 237 coins of the Great Seljuqs. Legends are written out completely but not transliterated
or translated. All devices like swords, stars, etc. are drawn, and there is a table that allows one to find coins
with different symbols on them. There are eleven plates of photographs which are probably excellent in the
original, but they lose a lot in the photocopy.
Alram, Michael. Iranisches Personennamenbuch. Band IV. Nomina Propria Iranica in Nummis. Verlag der
Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 1986.
Massive folio-sized book (larger even than Tuebingen) of ancient coins of Persia and Central Asia. It
includes ancient Greek (Scythia, Pontos, Bosporus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Lycia, Cappadocia, Sophene,
Armenia, Commagene, Greek Imperial, Byzantine), Achaemenid, Arsakid, Elymais, Characene. Persis,
Sasanid, Ispahbads in Tabaristan, Sakas, Pahlavas, Yueh-chih, Sogdian, Baktria, Kushan, Kushano-
Sasanian, Iranian Huns. One of the few references for Sogdian and other Central Asian coins that actually
writes out the inscriptions as found on the coins as well as the transliteration. Especially strong in the
Persian dynasties and the only catalogue I have found that is good for Persis. Plates are in a separate
volume so can be examined alongside the descriptions in the text.
Alram, Michael, Reinhard Haertel and Manfred Schreiner (editors) Die Fruehzeit des Friesacher Pfennigs (etwa
1125-30 - etwa 1166). Verlag der Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 2002.
An incredibly thorough analysis of the early time of the Friesacher Pfennigs of Austria and Germany. There
are three articles, as follows:
Baumgartner, Ingeborg, Schriftquellen zur Fruehzeit der Pfennigs. Eine Einfuehrung, pp. 35-134.
A lengthy discourse on literary sources covering the origin and striking of the coins.
Winter, Heinz. Die Fruehzeit des Friesacher Pfennigs: Die Numismatische Evidenz, pp. 135-466.
Analysis of the coins providing a chronology and typology of the early issues. There is also a
lengthy catalog of the early issues, including Salzburg, Kaernten, Aquileia, and modern forgeries.
The catalogue contains more than 1000 coins. Also an analysis of hoards and a correlation with
catalogue numbers from other works on these coins. There are 32 plates showing hundreds of
different coins.
Linke, Robert and Manfred Schreiner. Materialanalytische Untersuchungen am Friesacher Pfennig
Mittels Energiedispersiver Roentgenfluoreszenzanalyse, pp. 467-513.
Metallurgical analysis of the coins.
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Aman ur-Rahman. Zahir-uddin Muhammad Babur: A Numismatic Study. Published by the author (with proceeds
donated to the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation), Karachi, Pakistan, 2005.
The book begins with a chronology of Babur’s life emphasizing events with numismatic relevance. There is
then a long treatment of the legends on his coins showing the evolution of his titles and explaining their
relevance. Next there is a bit on Economy and Coin Circulation followed by a nice history of all of the mint
towns that struck coins for Babur. Finally there is a fantastic catalogue of all known types of Babur’s coins,
all with great photographs.
American Numismatic Society. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. The Collection of the American Numismatic
Society. Part 6. Palestine - South Arabia. American Numismatic Society, New York, 1991.
Beautiful oversized Sylloge volume covering Graeco-Palestine, Jewish Issues (Yehud, Hasmonaean,
Herodian, Procurators, Jewish War against Rome, Judaea Capta, Roman administration under Domitian,
Bar Cochba War, Provincial City Issues) Coins of the Decapolis and Provincia Arabia, South Arabia Felix
(Sabaeans, Himyarites). Covers the so-called widow’s mites and the little concave Himyarite issues.
American Numismatic Society. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. The Collection of the American Numismatic
Society. Part 9. Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek Coins. American Numismatic Society, New York,
1998.
Smaller format than Part 6, prepared by Osmund Bopearachchi. Includes pre-Seleucid coins of Bactria,
Seleucids of Bactria, Bactrian and Indo-Greek. 1745 Coins are described and photographed. There are
indices of Legends, Monograms and Symbols, and Types, as well as a table of monograms and an
explanation of the Kharoshthi alphabet. Unlike Part 6, there are brief historical notes included throughout.
Amitai-Preiss, Nitzan and Reuven Amitai Preiss. Two Notes on the Protocol on Hulegu’s Coinage. Studies in
Memory of Paul Balog. Israel Numismatic Journal, Volume 10, pp. 117-128, 1988-1989.
Traces the origin of the term Ilkhan and its use as an indication of subservience to Mongke, the great khan.
Uses several examples of Ilkhan coinage of Hulagu to show the different protocols.
Andrews, Arthur. Australasian Tokens and Coins. Originally published by The Mitchell Library Foundation,
Sydney, 1921. Reprinted by the Trustees of the Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney, 1965.
One of the classics on tokens and coins of Australia. Especially important for the token issues, which are
fully described and accompanied by nice photographic plates. Nicely indexed.
Anokhin, V. A. Monetnoye delo Khersonesa I-III vv. n.e. Numizmatika i Epigrafika IV, pp. 3-88, 1963.
An extensive early article by Anokhin on the coinage of Cheronessus on the northern coast of the Black Sea
(roughly AD 24 - 300). There is a long narrative numismatic history of the coinage followed by a catalogue
of almost 300 coins. All of the legends of the coins are written out, and there are decent photos of them on
plates. A nice article.
Anokhin, V. A. Monetnoye Delo Khersonesa (IV v. do n. e. - XII v. n. e.)/ The Coinage of Chersonesus, IV
Century B. C. - XII Century A. D. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1977.
The original Russian edition of Anokhin (1980) on the ancient coins of the Black Sea area of Chersonesus.
Anokhin, V. A. The Coinage of Chersonesus, IV Century B. C. - XII Century A.D. Originally published in
Russian. Translated by H. Bartlett Wells. BAR International Series 69, Oxford, 1980.
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A historical overview of the ancient coinage of Cherronesus from early Greek through Byzantine issues. It
includes a catalogue of 480 coins arranged by period, each coin photographed. Cherronesus is on the
Bosporus on the northern coast of the Black Sea.
Anokhin, V. A. Monetnoe Delo Bospora. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1986.
Numismatic history and catalogue of the coins of Pantikapaion and Cimmerian Bosporus. The plates are
decent, and many more coins are photographed than there are in his later work on Bosporus coinage. There
is a rather extensive bibliography including perhaps 100 references in Russian.
Anokhin, V. A. Monety Antichnykh Gorodov Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomor’ya/ Coins of the Ancient Cities of
the Northwest Black Sea Coast. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1989.
A historical treatment and catalogue (in Russian) of coinage of the northern coast of the Black Sea. Most of
the coinage is from Olbia, but there are also coins from Carcine, Cercinitis, and Tyra. The catalogue
includes 566 coins, all photographed. Ancient Greek and Greek Imperial periods.
Anokhin, V. A. Istoriya Bospora Kimmeriiskogo/ The History of Cimmerian Bosporus. Odigitriya Numizmatika,
Kiev, 1999.
A beautiful, well-illustrated overview of the coins of Cimmerian Bosporus. It includes Pantikapeion (with
coins attributed to specific rulers) through the later Cimmerian Bosporus rulers. It is loaded with history
and numismatic analyses.
Anonymous. Al-nuqud al-tunisiyya abra al-tarikh/ History of Tunisian Coinage. Banque Centrale de Tunis, 1993.
(In Arabic)
A slick bank publication illustrating the history of Tunisian coinage. There are beautiful color photos and a
nice bibliography. There is more text than usual for a bank publication. The summaries of different periods
might be good practice for learning Arabic vocubulary pertaining to history and numismatics.
Anonymous. Chelovek i Priroda v Pamyatnikakh Numizmatiki/ People and Nature in Numismatic Memorials.
Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh, St. Petersburg, 1996.
A booklet from the Hermitage Museum showing the portrayal of animals on coins and medals and a few
famous people on medals. The coins are mostly, but not all, Russian.
Anonymous. Adventure Across the National Parks: Collection 2010-2021 “America the Beautiful” Quarters and
Other Coins. Whitman Publishing, Atlanta, Georgia, 2010.
An introduction to coin collecting with a page on each park or national monument that will be featured on
the new series of United States quarters.
Anton, William T., Jr. and Bruce Kesse. Forgotten Coins of the North American Colonies. Krause Publications,
Iola, WI, 1992.
A catalogue and classification system for counterfeit English and Irish coppers that circulated in the North
American colonies. Includes a few evasion pieces. Great photos.
Arab Bank Limited. Islamic Coins: A Selection of Islamic Coins Used Since the Beginning of Islam up to the
Ottoman Period. Amman, Jordan, 1980.
9

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A slick publication published on the occasion of the bank’s 50 anniversary. It has selected enlarged photos
of several dynasties, including Sasanian, Arab-Sasanian, Arab-Byzantine, Umayyad, Abbasid, Tulunid,
Aghlabid, Ikhshidid, Fatimid, Sulayhid, Zurayid (Yemen), Murabitid, Muwahhid, Hafsid, Hamdanid,
Seljuq, Artuqid, Zengid, Ayyubid, Ilkhan, Mamluk and Ottoman. The few coins pictured have legends
written out and translated. A few maps and charts. Bilingual (Arabic and English).
Arif, Aida S. A Treasury of Classical and Islamic Coins: The Collection of Amman Museum. Arthur Probsthain,
London, 1986.
A mediocre catalogue of the coins in the Amman Museum. It includes Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Arab-
Byzantine, Umayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid, Ayyubid, and Ottoman. The legends of all coins are written out,
but not transliterated or translated. The plates are awful, done on nice paper, but so small as to be useless
for identifying the coins in them.
Ariza Armada, Almudena. Un “Quirate” Almohade Anonimo, Acunado en Ceuta. III. Jarique de Numismatica
Hispano-Arabe. Museo Arqueologico Nacional, Madrid, pp.355-372, 1990.
Description of an anonymous bronze square dirham of the Muwahhid dynasty struck in Ceuta (Sabta).
Suggests it could be a contempory off-metal counterfeit or maybe a trial strike. Legends written out, photo.
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Arroyo, Henri. Un Tresor de Dirhams de la Fin de l’Empire Merinide. Revue Numismatique, 6 Series, Vol.
XVI, pp. 115-122, 1974. Photocopy.
Description of a hoard of Merinid square dirhams found near Meknes in Morocco. Each type is described
in full with the legends written out in Arabic. There are photos of each of 18 coins.
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Arroyo, Henri. Le Monnayage du Prince Buyide Taj ad-Dawla Abul-Husayn. Revue Numismatique, 6 Series,
Vol. XX, pp. 113-116, 1978. Offprint.
A description of previously unknown Buwayid dirhams struck during the reign of Taj ad-Daula Abu’l-
Husayn. Legends written out in Arabic and translated into French. Coins of this ruler were previously
unknown.
Arroyo, Henri. Un Titre Monetaire Inedit du Sultan Saljuqide Sanjar ibn Malik Shah (512-552 A.H. = 1117-1157
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A.D. Revue Numismatique, 6 Series, Vol. XXI, pp. 225-228, 1979.
The description of a new type of Great Seljuq dinar of Sanjar bin Malik Shah with a title, Malik raqab alimam,
not previously known.
Artuk, Ibrahim. Denizbaci Definesi/The Denizbaci Hoard. Turk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, Ankara, 1966.
The description of an important hoard of Islamic coins found in Turkey. The dynasties included are
Umayyad, Abbasid, Abbasid partisans, Umayyads of Spain, Idrisids, Aghlabids and Khalaf bin al-Muda, a
contemporary of the Idrisids. The coins are fully described with Arabic legends written out. Good photos
of reduced size.
Artuk. Ibrahim. Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Adina Basilan Sikkeler/Coins stuck in the Name of Suleyman the
Magnificent. Turk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, Ankara, 1972.
Comprehensive listing of the coins of the Islamic Ottoman Suleyman I (The Magnificent). The book is
arranged by mint, with all types described with full Arabic legends. Nice photographic plates.
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Artuk, Ibrahim and Cevriye Artuk. Istanbul Arkeoloji Muezeleri Teshirdeki Islami sikkeler Katalogu. Volumes I
and II. Milli Egitim Basimevi, Istanbul, 1971-1974.
A catalogue of Islamic coins in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Includes descriptions of almost 2600
coins with 108 photographic plates. Full Arabic legends written out where legible. Particularly strong on
Anatolian coinage.
Artuk, Ibrahim and Cevriye Artuk. Artukogullari Sikkeleri/Coins of the Artukids. Sumer Kitabevi, Istanbul,
1993.
A description of 154 coins issued by the Islamic Artuqid dynasty, all branches. Arabic legends written out,
and many different dates of individual types described. All coins nicely photographed. Very good fold out
genealogies. Includes coins with inscriptions only, so goes beyond Spengler and Sayles.
[Artuk, Ibrahim]. A Festschrift Presented to Ibrahim Artuk on the Occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the
Turkish Numismatic Society. The Turkish Numismatic Society, Istanbul, 1988.
A collection 20 papers on Turkish/Islamic numismatics. Papers are in Turkish, English or French, with
some in more than one language. Particularly useful papers on Ottoman coinage in Yemen, previously
unpublished coins of the Ottoman Ibrahim Bey, coins struck at Belgrad, and a paper on two Ilkhanid coins
that bear the month, day and year they were struck.
Ashirov, S. A. And A. V. Kuznetsov. Klady i Kladoiskateli/ Hoards and Treasure Hunters. Akademii Nbauk
Respubliki Uzbekistan, Izdatel’stvo ‘FAN’, Tashkent, 2009. (In Russian)
The first part of this book is a series of short articles about hoards and the people who found them. The
remainder of the book is a list of important centrral Asian hoards arranged geographically with references to
their descrptions. Covers ancient Khwarezm and Chach through Islamic coins of the Qarakhanids. Nice
photos at the end.
Awad, Henri Amin. Seventh Century Arab Imitations of Alexandrian Dodecanummia. ANS Museum Notes, Vol.
18, pp. 113-117, 1972.
A brief note on early Islamic Arab-Byzantine coinage.
Aydin, Sennur. Kudret ve Huner: Sikke’nin iki Yuzu/Power and Skill: The Two Faces of a Coin. Yapi Kredi
Bank, Istanbul, 1994.
The first of the series of catalogues of exhibitions of the bank’s coin collection. It includes a general history
of the origin of Islamic coinage, then covers Arab-Byzantine, Arab-Sasanian, Umayyad, Umayyad of Spain,
Abbasid, Tulunid, Fatimid, Ayyubid, Mamluk, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Tahirid, Saffarid, Banijurid, Sajid,
nd
Wajjahid (Oman), Samanid, Ikhshidid, Buwayhid, Marwanid, Rassid (2 period), Rasulid, Shirvanshah.
Beautiful color photos. Bilingual (Turkish and English).
Aydin, Sennur. Dogu-Bati Arasi Bir Gokkusagi: Selcuklu Sikkeleri/A Rainbow Linking East and West: Coins of
the Seljuqs. Yapi Kredi Coin Collection Exhibitions No. 2. Yapi Kredi Bank, Istanbul, 1994.
A catalogue of a collection of coins of the Islamic Seljuqs of Rum. Includes a brief history of the dynasty
and its coinage, with high quality enlarged photographs of a selection 93 coins. Does not include full
Arabic inscriptions, but translates portions of many of them.
Aykut, Nezihi. Osmanli Deveti’nden Turkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne Devredilen Kaimeler ve Osmanli Bankasi
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Banknotlari/ Ottoman Paper Money and Imperial Ottoman Bank Banknotes Transferred Ottoman Empire
to Turkish Republic. Yapi ve Kredi Bankasi A. G., Numismatik Yayinlari No. 10, Istanbul, 1979.
One of the Yapi ve Kredi Bank’s booklets on Turkish numismatics. This one is an overview of Ottoman
banknotes, written in Turkish with an English summary. Thirty-five different banknotes are described, all
with reduced-size black-and-white photos.
Aykut, Nezihi. Some Coins of Mas’ud I, Qilijarslan II, and the Maliks. American Journal of Numismatics, Vol.
7-8, pp. 161-186, 1995-1996.
The numismatic history of the earliest times of the Seljuqs of Rum. It includes the individual sons of Qilij
Arslan II who served as maliks of different portions of their territory.
Aykut, Tuncay (and Sevket Pamuk). Ak Akche. Mogol ve Ilhanli Sikkeleri (Mongol and Ilkhanid Coins). Yapi
Kredi Yayinlari Ltd Sti, Istanbul, 1992.
A catalogue of Islamic Mongol (Chingizid) and Ilkhan coins in the Yapi ve Kredi Bank collection. Includes
a general chapter on money, history and numismatics (by Pamuk), then a monetary history of the Mongol
and Ilkhan dynasties, a thorough description of all coin types in the collection, and a catalogue of all coins.
All coins photographed in color, all types fully described with photos, drawings, transliterations and
translations. Text is bilingual (Turkish and English).
Azimov, R. And E. Rtveladze. Catalogue of Antique and Medieval Coins of Central Asia. Volume I. National
Bank for Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 1997.
A beautiful catalogue of 100 coins from the collection of the National Bank of Uzbekistan. It includes
Achaemenids, Alexander the Great, Seleucid, Greco-Bactrian and imitations, Bactira, Indo-Greek, Parthia,
Indo-Parthian, Kushan, Sasanian and imitations and countermarks, Hephthalite, Khoream, Chach, Sogdian,
Turgesh Khanate, Bukhara, China, Umayyad, Abbasid, Arab-Sasanian, Samanid, Khwarizmshahs,
Chaghatayids, Golden Horde, Timurid, Manghits of Bukhara, Khans of Khoqand, Khans of Khiva. Every
coin is photographed enlarged and in color, and again at actual size in black and white.
Babaev, K. V. Monety Tmutarakanskogo Knyazhestva/ Coins of the Tmutarakan Principality. Drevlekhranilische,
Moscow, 2009.
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The Principality of Tmutarakan was a Black Sea enclave around present-day Kiev (Ukraine) in the 10 and
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11 centuries CE. Most of their coins known to collectors are derived from Byzantine coinage. This book
greatly expands the known types of Tmutarakan coinage into a single volume and suggests a chronology.
The variety of types is much greater than I ever suspected. The book is published on high-quality glossy
paper with excellent, crystal clear photographs, often accompanied by line drawings. A wonderful book for
those interested in coinage and history of Russia, the Ukraine and the Black Sea.
Bacharach, Jere L. A Few Unpublished Mamluk Dirhems. ANS Museum Notes, Vol. 14, pp. 163-169, 1968.
A brief addendum to Balog's corpus on Mamluk coinage. It includes nine coins not found in Balog.
Bacharach, Jere L. The Dinar versus the Ducat. International Journal of Middle East Studies, Volume 4, pp. 77-96,
1973.
An examination of Mamluk monetary policy. Venetian Ducats, long an international currency, became a
local Mamluk coinage in AH 801/ 1399 CE. The author examines why this occurred, why the Mamluks
considered this unacceptable, and why it took a quarter of a century to respond with gold Dinars in Mamuk
12

lands.
Bacharach, Jere L. The Coinage of Kafur: A Cautionary Tale. Studies in Memory of Paul Balog. Israel
Numismatic Journal, Volume 10, pp. 71-79, 1988-1989.
A discussion of Ikhshidid coinage with the Arabic letter kaf, and conclusions about the pitfalls of relying
solely on numismatic evidence for establishing historical facts.
Bacharach, Jere L. Islamic History through Coins: An Analysis and Catalogue of Tenth-Century Ikhshidid
Coinage. American University in Cairo Press, Cairo and New York, 2006.
Two-part book. The first explains what the study of coins can tell us about the people who issued them.
Uses Ikhshidid coins to elucidate history of the dynasty. There follows a catalogue of coins issued by the
Ikhshidids in all metals, including presentation pieces.
Badarch, Nyamaa. The Coins of Mongol Empire and Clan Tamgha of Khans (XIII-XIV). Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia,
2005.
(My review of the book for ONS Newsletter 186)
This is a beautifully produced book that should be in the library of anyone interested in the history and
coins of the Mongol dynasties. The author was born in Mongolia and graduated as a historian-translator
from the Institute of Asia and Africa of the University of Moscow. In recent years he has devoted himself
to the collection and study of Mongol coins. His new book is a welcome result of his interest.
The first part of the book is an extensive and detailed analysis of the tamghas, symbols of individual clans
and tribes, found on Mongol coins. As the author explains in his introduction, when a clan would split from
another clan, the new clan would adopt a new tamgha formed by adding to or otherwise modifying the
tamgha of the parent clan. This sets up the premise of his analysis that the evolving tamghas found on coins
of the Chingizids, Golden Horde (Jujids), Golden Horde (Hulaguids), Chaghatayids and the Yuan Dynasty
reflect the political and familial relationships of the issuers of the coins.
The analysis of the tamghas on coins is accompanied not only by line drawings and photographs of the
coins on which the tamghas are found, but also by archaeological sites, artifacts, and contemporary artwork
and documents with personal seals of the Mongol khans. There are also numerous diagrams showing the
relationships among different tamghas and a final summary table showing how tamghas changed over time
from the parent tamgha through the various divisions of the Chinghizids into separate dynasties and as
modified by individual rulers.
The second part of the book attempts to be a comprehensive discussion of all known coins with Mongol
inscriptions in Uighur or Phags-pa script. Each coin is photographed, and the Mongol inscriptions are
written out, analyzed and translated. The author compares his translations to those of other scholars and
explains his preferences based on Mongol history and religion. It is also pointed out that many of the
Mongol legends are also found on official state seals of Mongol khans.
The section on Mongol script also continues to identify tamghas on coins. Both the tamgha and Mongol
script sections of the book contain relevant historical notes.
The final part of the book is a catalogue of the Mongol coins in the author’s private collection. It contains
233 coins carefully selected by the author for their variety and quality. The catalogue is organized with two
coins per page, each with an enlarged clear photograph, a smaller line drawing, metric information
(diameter and weight) and a translation of the legends. While not a comprehensive collection, it contains
13

some very rare coins that have not been published elsewhere, as well as well-struck and well-preserved
examples of more common types. It is clearly a collection assembled by someone with a good eye for
quality.
In short, the book is both important to numismatics and a delight to look at. Perhaps the highest
compliment I can pay to the author is that his work clearly shows his love and appreciation for the history
and coins of his homeland. He chose not only to provide his analyses of the material, but also to present the
material in a manner that transcends the narrow subject matter. This is a book that I can unhesitatingly
recommend to anyone interested in coins or Asian history.
Badarch, Nyamaa. Description of Mongol Scripts on the Ilkhanid Golden Coins. P. 196 In: Trudy
Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii. Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh
Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005, V - MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya
Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
Transliteration and translation of Uighur legneds on gold coins of Abaqa, Ahmad, Arghun, Gaykhatu and
Baidu. Nice photographs and line drawings of the obverse (with Mongol script) of all five coins.
Bahrfeldt, Emil. Das Muenzwesen der Mark Brandenburg. Three volumes. Original published by Verlag von W.
H. Kuehl, Berlin, 1889, 1895 and 1913. Reprinted by Zentralantiquariat der deutschen demokratischen
Republik, Leipzig, 1975.
The Coinage of Brandenburg, Germany.
Balaguer, Anna M. Early Islamic Transitional Gold Issues of North Africa and Spain in the American
Numismatic Society. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 24, pp. 225-241, 1979.
A description of 11 dinars and 7 fractions from Spain and North Africa. All have Latin inscriptions or are
anepigraphic. Full descriptions of coins and photographic plates.
Balaguer, Anna M. Las Emisiones Transicionales Arabe-Musulmanas de al-Andalus: Nueva Sintesis. I. Jarique
de Estudios Numismaticos Hispano-Arabes, Institucion Fernando el Catolico, Zaragoza, pp. 11-28, 1988.
A discussion of the early transitional Arabic coins in Spain with Latin or bilingual legends. Mostly text,
with some Latin inscriptions.
[Baldassari, Silvio] Islamic Coins: The Umayyad and Abbasid Dynasties. The Collection of Silvio Baldassari.
th
Auction Leu 62, 18 May 1995 in Zurich, Leu Numismatics Ltd., Zurich.
A catalogue of 742 lots of Umayyad and Abbasid coins in gold and silver (no copper). It also includes
dirhams of the Abbasid revolutionaries. A high proportion of the coins are photographed, and there are
many rarities in the collection.
Balog, Paul. Tables de references des monnaies ikhchidites. Revue belge de Numismatique, Vol. 103, pp. 107-
134, 1957. Photocopy.
Coins of the Islamic Ikhshidid dynasty of Egypt and Syria. Descriptions of coins, lists of dates/mintmarks.
Bibliography.
Balog, Paul. The Coinage of the Mamluk Sultans of Egypt and Syria. ANS Numismatic Studies No. 12, New
York, 1964.
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An extensive work on the coinage of the Islamic Mamluk dynasty of Egypt and Syria. The standard work.
Balog, Paul. The Coinage of the Mamluk Sultans: Additions and Corrections. ANS Museum Notes, Vol. 16, pp.
113-171, 1970.
An update to his major corpus on Mamluk coinage.
Balog, Paul. The Fatimid Glass Jeton. Parts 1 and 2. Annali del Instituto Italiano di Numismatica, Volume
18/19, pp. 175-264, 1971-1972, and Volume 20, pp. 121-212, 1973.
The description of 435 glass jetons from the Fatimid dynasty in Egypt. The catalogue follows an
introductory section explaining the history of study of these glass pieces, a discussion of their probably use
in Fatimid society, and an explanation as to why they are so abundant. Many of the pieces are
photographed in several high quality plates.
Balog, Paul. Umayyad, ‘Abbasid and Tulunid Glass Weights and Vessel Stamps. American Numismatic Society
Numismatic Studies No. 13, New York, 1976.
Fantastic work describing over 900 glass weight and vessel stamps of the caliphate and Tulunids. There is
good introductory material analyzing the wieghts and measures, chronological lists of officials, indexes of
legends, substance names in English and Arabic, great photos and descriptions. Certainly one of the most
important works on these objects, especially when combined with the earlier works of George Carpenter
Miles.
Balog, Paul. New Considerations of Mamluk Heraldry. American Numismatic Society Museum Notes, Vol. 22,
pp. 183-211, 1977.
A discussion of the origins of heraldic devices found on Islamic coins of the Mamluk dynasty. It is a
revision and extension of ideas presented in his corpus on Mamluk coinage.
Balog, Paul. La monetazione della Sicilia araba e le sue imitazioni nell’Italia meridionale. In: F. Gabrieli and U.
Scerrato, Gli Arabi in Italia, Milano, 1979, pp. 611-628. (Photocopy)
A nice work on coins of Sicily with Arabic legends. It includes Aghlabid, Fatimid, and Norman coins as
well as coins of the rebel Muhammad b. ‘Abbad. There is a decent historical overview in Italian, then
discussions of the coins. No legends written out, but the plates are decent even in photocopy. Spahr and
Travaini are definitely better, but this is the only reference I have found to the rebel coins of Muhammad b.
‘Abbad.
Balog, Paul. The Coinage of the Ayyubids. Royal Numismatic Society Special Publication Number 12, London,
1980.
The standard work on the Islamic Ayyubid dynasty, which existed in Egypt, Syria and western Arabia from
1169-1260 (AH 567-828). Includes a historical outline, genealogies, a discussion of each mint that issued
coins, and an extensive catalogue with full descriptions of coins. Does not translate legends. There are
indexes for mints and dates. Excellent photographic plates.
Bangkok National Museum. Coins in Thailand. Bangkok National Museum, Bangkok, 1973.
A decent bilingual book showing an overview of the history of the coinage of Thailand from the early
Funan Kingdom to modern times. It includes a variety of bullet money, toks, Chieng money, tiger tongues,
and other non-traditional forms of coinage. Photos are black and white.
15

Bank Negara Malaysia. The Currency Legacy: A Guide to Bank Negara Malaysia’s Collection. Bank Negara
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 1989.
A nice bank publication on coins and currency in the bank’s collection. It is primarily Malaysian coinage
from primitive cowries, animal money, tampangs, hat money, through coinage of individual states, Dutch,
Ceylonese, modern and world coins and banknotes. Very well done.
Bank Negara Malaysia. The Legendary Kijang. Bank Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 1992.
A very well done bank publication. The Kijang, or muntjac or barking deer, is a small deer native to India
th
and the Malaysian peninsula. It is featured on small gold coins of Kelantan from the 16 century, 20 of
which are photographed in this publication. It also includes a brief history of Malaysia and Kelantan, a
history of the Kijang coins, a myths surrounding the coins. Very informative. The Kijang is also the bank’s
symbol or logo.
Bank Negara Malaysia. Johor Currency Heritage. Bank Negara Money Museum, Kuala Lumpur, 1994.
A nice publication giving an overview of the history of Johor and its coinage, followed by a catalogue of
gold, silver and tin coins from there. There is an excellent bibliography. Very well done and actually
useful.
Bank Negara Malaysia. Pameran Matawang Perdagangan Kepulauan Melayu/ Exhibition on Trade Currency of
the Malay Archipelago. Money Museum Unit, Bank Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 1995.
A catalogue that accompanied a coin exhibit. It is bilingual (Malay and English). Includes primitive
money, odd forms like tampangs and animal money, coins of individual states, Sumatra, Indonesia, Atcheh,
Java, Brunei, Trade dollars (U. S., South American, Hong Kong, British, etc.), British Sumatra and Java,
Portuguese, Singapore. Nice photos, but all in black and white.
Bank Negara Malaysia. Terengganu Currency Heritage. Money Museum Unit, Bank Negara Malaysia, Kuala
Lumpur, 1995.
Beautiful done overview of coinage of Terengganu. Includes a history of Terengganu and a catalogue of
gold and tin coinage. The tin coinage includes the privately minted tokens (Jokoh) issued by various
Chinese Kapitans. Excellent bibliography. Great supplement to Singh.
Bank Negara Malaysia. Kedah and Perlis Currency Heritage. Money Museum Unit, Bank Negara Malaysia,
Kuala Lumpur, 1996.
Another very well done publication on Malaysian coinage by the Central Bank of Malaysia. This one has a
history of Kedah and Perlis. Most of the booklet is devoted to coins of Kedah in Gold, Silver, Copper and
Tin, including tin cockerels. There is only one coin from Perlis. There is an excellent bibliography. Great
supplement to Singh.
Banque Centrale de Tunisie. Numismatique et Histoire de la Monnaie en Tunisie. Tome I. L’Antiquite. Tunis,
2006.
A magnificent large-format hardbound catalogue of the ancient coins of Tunisia, most from the bank’s
collection. The first part of the book is a numsmatic history with high-quality photographs of coins,
artifacts, ruins, maps and artwork. The second part is the catalogue of the coins. It covers Punic, Numidia,
Roman, Vandals, Byzantine and Arab-Byzantine periods.
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Banque Centrale de Tunisie. Numismatique et Histoire de la Monnaie en Tunisie. Tome II. Monnaies Islamiques.
Tunis, 2007.
The second equally magnificent volume in this three-volume series. As in the first volume, it is divided into
a richly illustrated numismatic history and a catalogue of the coins. It covers Umayyad, Abbasid, Aghlabid,
Fatimid, Zirid, Hafsid, Almoravid, Almohadid, Merinid, Tulunid, Umayyad Spain, Ayyubid, glass vessel
stamps and weights of the Abbasids and Fatimids, Ottoman, Pre-Husaynid, and Husaynid coins in the name
of Ottoman sultans.
Banque Centrale de Tunisie. Numismatique et Histoire de la Monnaie en Tunisie. Tome III. L’Monnaie
Contemporaine. Tunis, 2008.
The third and final volume in this series. This volume covers the modern period from the French
Protectorate through modern independent Tunisia. It includes coins (including commemoratives),
banknotes and medals. A truly impressive set of books.
Barag, Dan. The Islamic Candlestick Coins of Jerusalem. Studies in Memory of Paul Balog. Israel Numismatic
Journal, Volume 10, pp. 40-48, 1988-1989.
An attempt to devise a chronology for the different types of Umayyad fulus with a candelabra and to assign
the type to a particular historical event. It does not mention the alternative hypothesis that the candelabra
may, in fact, be an inverted mosque.
rd
Bartzak, Andrzej. The Early Abbasid Dinars of the Petrovci Hoard. Vjesnik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu , 3
Series, Volume XXX-XXXI, pp. 259-271, 1997-1998.
A small hoard of nine Abbasid dinars found in Petrovci, Serbia. The coins range in dates from AH 136 (al-
Saffah/al-Mansur) to AH 172 (Harun al-Rashid). The coins were found with a gold torque, one gold earring
and two pearls. Finds of Islamic dinars in Europe are rare.
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Basok, Alexander. Imitations of 11 Century Byzantine Coins Found on the Taman Peninsula. The Celator,
Volume 12, Number 11, pp. 6-15, 1998.
The history and coinage of the Tmutarakan Principality in present-day Ukraine. The coinage is derived
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from 11 Century Byzantine copper coinage. The author shows the different die varieties that he has
discovered. One of the only accessible articles on these rare coins.
Basok, Alexander. Neizvestnye Zolotye Monety Shakhin Gireya/ Unknown Gold Coins of Shahin Giray.
Desyataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Pskov, 15-20 April, 2002, pp.97-100, 2002.
Four alleged gold coins of Shahin Giray, the Giray Khan. (Several people who have seen the coins are
convinced that the coins are forgeries, that gold coins of the Giray Coins do not exist).
Basu, S. P. The Second Supplementary Catalogue of Coins to Volume 1 of the Indian Museum Catalogue. Indian
Museum, Calcutta, 1977.
Additions to the IMC collection of ancient India. Includes some punchmarked coins of the Mauryan
Empire. Plates are better than most Indian publications.
Bates, Michael L. Notes on some Isma'ili Coins from Yemen. ANS Museum Notes, Vol. 18, pp. 149-162, 1972.
Islamic coinage of the Zuray'id and Sulayhid dynasties. This is a discussion of the history of the dynasties,
17

not a description of the coins.
Bates, Michael L. The "Arab-Byzantine" Bronze Coinage of Syria: An Innovation by 'Abd al-Malik. In: A
Colloquium in Memory of George Carpenter Miles (1904-1975), American Numismatic Society, pp. 16-27,
1976. Photocopy.
A discussion of the earliest Islamic coinage. He makes the case that it is not merely a continuation of
Byzantine coinage and attempts to establish a chronology.
Bates, Michael L. The Coinage of the Mamluk Sultan Baybars I: Additions and Corrections. American
Numismatic Society Museum Notes, Vol. 22, pp. 161-181, 1977.
Additions and corrections to the coinage of the Islamic Mamluk sultan Baybars as described in Balog's
corpus.
Bates, Michael L. The Ottoman Coinage of Tilimsan. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 26, pp. 203-214, 1981.
Gold coins of the Ottomans in Tilimsan (Tlemcen), Algeria. Sulayman I through Ahmad I. Full
descriptions of coins and legends.
Bates, Michael L. History, Geography and Numismatics in the First Century of Islamic Coinage. Revue Suisse de
Numismatique, Volume 65, pp. 231-261, 1986. Photocopy.
An analysis of 1st century Umayyad coinage of Damascus, with a plea for better comparative work of
coinage issued by mints. It is a good rational historical work with criticism of earlier works on early
coinage of the caliphate.
Bates, Michael. The Coinage of Spain under the Umayyad Caliphs of the East, 711-750. III. Jarique de
Numismatica Hispano-Arabe. Museo Arqueologico Nacional, Madrid, pp. 271-289, 1990.
A discussion of Latin and bilingual gold coins of the Umayyads in Spain. Latin legends are written, but not
Arabic. No photos or drawings.
Bates, Michael L. The coinage of Mismar b. Salm, ruler of al-Qatif. In: Shaikh Abdullah bin Khalid al-Khalifa
and Michael Rice, Bahrain through the Ages: The History. Kegan Paul International, London and New
York, pp. 98-103, 1993.
Description of twelve silver and silver-plated copper coins in the name of Mismar b. Salm. Historical
records indicate Mismar was head of a ruling family in al-Qatif (historical Bahrain, present-day Saudi
Arabia). The coins were found in nearby Jubayl. The copper coins are undated, silver coins dated AH 273.
Legends written out, mediocre photographs.
Bates, Michael. Khurasani Revolutionaries and al-Mahdi’s Title. Pp. 279-317 In: Farhad Daftary and Josef W.
Meri (Eds.) Culture and Memory in Medieval Islam: Essays in Honour of Wilferd Madelung, The Institute
of Ismaili Studies, I. B. Taurus, London and New York, 2003.
The author uses coin legends and contemporary accounts t o examine the beginning of the use of laqabs
instead of given names (isms) as their offical names. Al-Mansur was the first Caliph to use a laqab as his
official name. He began this practice in AH 145 after defeat of revolutionaries in Khurasan. His son began
using the laqab al-Mahdi at the same time, with his title first appearing as a laqab on silver coins of al-Rayy
in AH 145 where he was governor. Earlier coins in Khurasan with reference to al-Mahdi (Bukhara 143)
have a religious meaning identifying him as “The Mahdi” rather than as a laqab. Neat use of coins to
18

elucidate early Islamic history.
Battenberg, Christoph. Die Sammlung der Siegelstempel im Kentner-Museum Hannover. Sammlungskatalog 3,
Kesnter-Museum Hannover, 1985.
A selection of 122 medieval and modern seals, mostly German, from the collection in the Kentner-Museum
in Hannover, Germany. Each seal is described in detail with explanations of all the devices in the more
complex design. The photographs are very clear and show both the seal as negative and as a positive
impression. There are also historical notes explaining why a particular seal was made and for what it was
used.
Batur, Enis. Asya'dan Anadolu'ya Inen Ruezgar: Beylikler Donemi Sikkeleri/The Wind Blowing from Asia to
Anatolia: An Exhibition of Beylik Period Coins. Coin Collection Exhibitions 3, Yapi Kredi Bank, Istanbul,
1994.
A bilingual (Turkish and English) catalogue of an exhibit of Anatolian coinage. Enlarged photos with
transliterations and translations of legends, historical introductions to each dynasty. Very well done.
Includes Salduqids, Menkujakids, Danishmandids, Artuqids, Qarasids, Saruhan, Aydin, Germiyanid,
Inanchids (Denizli, Ladik), Hamit, Menteshe, Eshrefid, Alanya, Eretnid, Qadi Burhan al-Din, Isfendiyarid,
Karamanid. Good bibliography of major references.
Baumgartner, Egon. Die Bluetezeit der Friesacher Pfennige. I. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des
inneroesterreichischen Muenzwesens im 13. Jahrhundert. Numismatische Zeitschrift 73: 75-106, 1949.
Xerox copy, in German.
Austrian pfennigs of the 13th century.
Baumgartner, Egon. Die Bluetezeit der Friesacher Pfennige. II. Die Friesacher Grenzmuenzung.
Numismatische Zeitschrift 78: 14-57, 1959. Xerox copy, in German.
Austrian coinage of the 13th century.
Baumgartner, Egon. Die Bluetezeit der Friesacher Pfennige. III. Die Friesacher Grenzlandmuenzung
(Fortsetzung und Schluss). Numismatische Zeitschrift 79: 28-63, 1961. Xerox copy, in German.
Austrian coinage of the 13th century.
Beckenbauer, Egon. Bayerische Muenzkataloge. Band 5. Die Muenzen der Reichsstadt Regensburg. Hugo
Geiger Verlag, Gruenwald, 1978.
The coinage of Regensburg (Bayern, Bavaria) from earliest times through the 18th century, with a catalogue
from 1510 until 1803.
Bedoukian, Paul Z. Coinage of the Artaxiads of Armenia. Royal Numismatic Society Special Publication Number
10, London, 1978.
One of the key references on the coinage of the ancient Artaxiads, who ruled Armenia from before BC 190
until around 10 AD. There is a good historical overview of the different rulers, a long discussion of
numismatic developments during each reign, and a catalogue with decent black and white plates.
Bedoukian, Paul Z. Coinage of Cilician Armenia. Revised Edition. Published by the Author, Danbury,
Connecticut, 1979. Original Edition published by the American Numismatic Society as Numismatic Notes
19

and Monographs No. 147 in 1962.
A revised edition of the standard reference on the coinage of Cilician Armenia. It covers Armenia from
Baron Roupen (1080-1095) through Levon V Lusignan (1373-1375), who surrendered the kingdom to the
Moslems. The book includes an extensive bibliography, a decent history of the time, and excellent section
on trade and commerce, an overview of the coinage, an extensive corpus of coins with all known variants on
legends, an index of legends to facilitate identification, and 12 plates.
Bedoukian, Paul Z. The Copper of the Later Kings of Cilician Armenia. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 15, pp.
131-135, 1969.
A brief article about copper poghs of Levon the Usurper (1363-1365) and Gosdantin (1365-1374) of
Armenia. There are nice enlarged line drawings of the coins and photographs in the plates.
Begovatov, E. A. Novyi Klad Kuficheskikh Monet Vblizi Bilyarska/ A New Hoard of Kufic Coins found near
Bilyarsk. Pp. 237-239, In: I. V. Belotserkovskaya (ed.) Nauchnoye Naslediye A. P. Smirnova I
Sovremenniye Problemy Arkheologii Volgo-Kam’ya. Trudy Gosudarstvennovo Istoricheskovo Muzeya
Volume 122, Moscow, 2000.
The most interesting coins found were Ma’munid from the reign of ‘Ali b. Ma’man and a few Ziyarid
dirhams. The author analyzes the hoard in light of other hoards found in the area.
There are no illustrations or descriptions of coins, but the article has a URL for a website of Kazan State
University, Department of Archaeology, which has photos of the coins.
Behrens, Heinrich. Muenzen und Medaillen der Stadt und des Bisthums Luebeck. Verlag der Berliner
Muenzblaetter, Berlin, 1905. Reprint by D. Tietjen, Hamburg, 1972.
Coinage of the free city and bishopric of Luebeck from mid 12th century.
Beierlein, J. B. Die Bayerischen Muenzen des Hauses Wittelsbach, von dem Ende des zwoelften bis zur Mitte des
sechzehnten Jahrhunderts (1180-1550). Dr. C. Wolf & Sohn, Muenchen, 1868. Reprint by Alfred Szego,
Oakdale, New York, 1972.
Coinage of Bavaria, including Niederbayern, Bayern Ingolstadt, Bayern Landshut, and Bayern Muenchen.
th
Beitter, V. M. and E. G. Druzhinin. Dirkhemy Sakchi Kontsa XIII v./ Dirhams of Saqci from the end of the 13
Century. Pp. 142-143 In: Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii. Monety i
Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005, V -
MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
The types of Golden Horde or Noghaid coins from Saqci. One type with two variants has two tamgas, those
of Toqtu and Noghai. The reverse has a name that can be read either as Noghai or an alternate spelling of
Toqtu. A second type has an identical reverse, but the obverse lacks the tamga of Noghai. A third type,
also from Saqci and dated AH 690, appears to have an undisputed rendering of Toqtu’s name. The authors
also include the unique coin of Noghai from the Qrim mint first described by Severova. The authors do not
resolve the question of the name on the disputed types, but mention that all mints but Bulghar during
Toqtu’s name have his name on the coins. Bulghar coins from this time are anonymous. This observation
suggests that Toqtu is the ruler noted on the Saqci coins with the Noghai tamga. (My note: Noghai’s center
of activity was Romania and environs, so it might be reasonable to find Noghai named on coins there.)
Bektineev, Sh. I. Denezhnoe Obrashcheniye Velikogo Knyazhestva Litovskovo v XIII-XV vv/Circulation of Coins
th th
of the Great Princes of Lithuania in the 13 - 15 Centuries. Izdatel’ V. N. Milyutin, Minsk, 1994.
20

A short work on the coins circulating in medieval Lithuania. There is a lot of historical text and
descriptions of coins. The plates are low-quality reproductions and line drawings.
Belenitskii, A. M. Klad Serebryanykh Monet iz Pendzhikenta/ A Hoard of Silver Coins from Pendjikent.
Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XVII, pp. 92-100, 1966.
A small hoard of 18 coins, 6 Umayyad dirhams (Dimashq, Wasit (2), Kirman, Istakhr and al-Bab) and 12
Bukharkhudat drachms. The Bukharkhudat coins have Sogdian legends.
Bell, R. C. Commercial Coins, 1787-1804. Corbitt & Hunter, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1963.
Copper tokens of the British Isles.
Bell, R. C. Copper Commercial Coins, 1811-1819. Corbitt & Hunter, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1964.
Copper tokens of the British Isles.
Bell, R. C. Tradesmen's Tickets and Private Tokens, 1785-1819. Corbitt & Hunter, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1966.
Copper tokens of the British Isles
Bell, R. C. Specious Tokens and those struck for General Circulation, 1784-1804. Corbitt & Hunter, Newcastle
upon Tyne, 1968.
Copper tokens of the British Isles.
Bell, R. C. Unofficial Farthings, 1820-1870. Seaby Publications, London, 1975.
Copper private issue farthings, England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales. Reigns of George IV, William IV and
Victoria.
Bell, R. C. The Building Medalets of Kempson and Skidmore, 1796-1797. Frank Graham, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
1978.
British Tokens.
Bell, R. C. Political and Commemorative Pieces Simulating Tradesmen’s Tokens, 1770-1802. Schwer
Publications, Felistowe, Suffolk, 1987.
British Tokens.
Bell, Robert, John Whitmore and James Sweeney. Bell's Unofficial Farthings: A Supplement. Published by
Whitmore, Malvern, 1994.
Contains new findings not in Bell's original work, as well as a new numbering system for the entire series,
rarity indices, and discussions of die pairings and other information for certain series of the coins.
Bellinger, Alfred R. The Coins and Byzantine Imperial Policy. Speculum, Volume 31, pp. 70-81, 1956.
An examination of portraiture and religious iconography on Byzantine coins, especially gold coins, in light
of political events. Gold coins tended to be much more carefully done than copper coins, indicating that
coins were meant to communicate to the rich and powerful, not to the masses. This differs from Roman
21

coinage, where copper coins also conveyed political and social messages intended for the lower classes.
Belova, L. N. Neskol’ko Neizdannikh Khersonesskikh Monet iz Sobraniya Ermitazha/ Some Unknown
Chersonesus Coins from the Hermatige Collection. Proshloye Nashei Rodini v Pamyatnikakh
Numizmatiki, Gosudarstvennii Ordena Lenina Ermitazh, Leningrad, pp.144-151, 1977.
Photos and descriptions of nine previously unknown coins from Chersonesus (Ancient Greece, Black Sea,
Thrace). These coins are in the Hermitage Museum collection.
Belyaev, Vladimir A. Monety Kitaiskogo Tipa za Predelami Podnebesnoi/Chinese Coin Types Outside the Celestial
Empire. Pp. 48-50, Devyataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Gosudarstvennyi
Ermitazh, Sankt-Petersburg, 2001.
A review of the geographical range of round coins with square holes. Includes Khotan, Kuche, Gaochan,
Sogd, Japan, Viet Nam, Korea, Qara Khitay, plus Malacca, Indonesia, Tibet, Thailand and Java. Not
illustrated.
Belyaev, Vladimir A. Kitaiskii Serebryanyi Tsyan’, Vypushchennyi v Sin’tszyane/ Chinese Silver Cash Struck in
Xinjiang. Desyataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Pskov, 15-20 April, 2002, pp.
100-102, 2002.
A description of two silver square-holed cash from Xinjiang, year 1880. They have the Arabic legend “one
silver miscal” on the reverse, the Chinese characters for “pure silver, one miscal” on the obverse. There are
nice photos of both coins.
Belyaev, Vladimir A. Monety Kitaiskovo Tipa za Predelami Podnebesnoi/ Chinese coin types outside the
Celestial Empire. Pp. 73-92 In: Gaidukov, P. G. (Ed.) Trudy Gosudarstvennovo Istoricheskovo Muzeya
Vypusk 138, Numizmaticheskii Sbornik GIM, Tom XVI, Moscow, 2003.
A very nice overview of square-holed coinage from outside China proper. It includes ancient coins of
Kuche, Khotan, Sogdiana, the Turgesh Khaganate, Uighur Khaganate, and Semirech’ye, and more modern
coinage of Japan, Annam (Viet Nam), Korea, Tibet, Indonesia, Malacca, Trengannu, Kelantin, Thailand
and Java. The Tibetan and Thai coins do not actually have square holes, but rather a square drawn in the
center of the coin as part of the design. One significant omission - the square-holed Ilkhan tokens of
Sultaniya 713 with the scorpion (which my friend Vladimir points out is actually an eight-pointed star and
which I insist is two squares overlain at 45 degree angles).
Belyaev, V. A., V. N. Nastich and P. N. Petrov. Ordu al-A’zam v Khotane i Kabak: Novye Mongol’skiye
th
Monetnye Dvory XIII v. / Ordu al-a’zam in Khotan and Kabak: New Mongol Mints of the 13 Century.
Numizmatika No. 6, pp. 20-23, November, 2004.
Anonymous Chaghatayid coins with the mint names Qabaq (dated AH 644 and date missing) and al-Ordu
al-a’zam Khotan, date missing. The Qabak (Kabak) coins have a tamga in the center. The Khotan issues
have a Tibetan letter in the center. Legends written out and very clear photographs.
Belyaev, V. A. And S. V. Sidorovich. Ob Odnoi Nakhodke Veritel’noi Birki Dinastii Tan c Gorodishcha Ak-
Beshim/ On the Find of a Tang Dynasty Bronze Tally of Credence from the Aq-Beshim Site. Materialy i
Issledovaniya po Arkheologii Kyrgyzstana, vypusk 3, Bishkek, pp 49-53, 2008.
Description of a fantastic Tang-dynasty tally in the shape of a tortoise. From the reign of Tang empress Wu
Zetian.
22

Belyakov, A. S. Medniye Moneti Belgorodskoi Chekanki Seredini XV v./ Copper coins struck in Belgorod in the
th
Middle of the 15 Century. Numizmaticheskiye Issledovaniya po Istorii Yugo-vostochnoi Evropy, pp. 180-
185. Akademiya Nauk SSR Moldova, Kishinev, 1990.
A short article on coins of medieval Moldavia (Romania). These are copper coins with the steer’s head
obverse. The article has photos of the coins and has all legends completely written out.
Ben Rhomdane, Khaled. Supplement au Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes de la Bibliotheque Nationale:
th
Monnaies Almoravides et Almohades. Revue Numismatique, 6 Series, Vol. XXI, pp. 141-175, 1979.
Photocopy.
Additions to Volume II of the Paris catalogues (Lavoix). It expands on the Murabitid and Muwahhid
holdings in the collection. Legends are written out in Arabic, and there are photos of the coins.
Ben Rhomdane, Khaled. 25 Siecles de Monnaies Tunisiennes. Ministere du Culture, Agence Nationale du
Patrimoine, Tunis, 1996.
A very nice popular publication on Tunisian coinage from ancient times to the present. One of the prettiest
museum publications I have seen. Photos are enlarged and in color.
Bendixen, Kirsten. Denmark’s Money. The National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, 1967.
A wonderful museum publication illustrating the history of coinage in Denmark from earliest times (some
Roman, even some Islamic) through modern coinage. There are black and white photos on every page.
There is even a chapter explaining what coin hoards tell us. Great overview, and photos of some rare coins.
Beradze, G. G. O Nachale Monetnovo Chekana v Gosudarstve Sel’dzhukidov/ On the Beginning of Coinage of
the Great Seljuqs. Epigrafika Vostoka, Vol. XXIII, pp. 48-51, 1985.
A short discussion of the coins of Tughril Beg and Chaghri Beg, the first Seljuqs to issue coins. There are
no illustrations.
Berga, T. M. Coinage in Archaeological Monuments of Latvia, 9th-12th Centuries. Published by the Academy of
Science of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, Institute of History, Riga, 1988. In Russian, with German
and English summaries.
A monograph on European and Islamic coinage that has been found in the Baltic area of Latvia from early
medieval times. The book is richly illustrated with many drawings, photos, plates and maps. The English
and German summaries are extensive.
Berghaus, Peter. Der Muenzenfund von Werl (Westfalen) 1955, vergraben um 1240. In Harald Ingholt,
Centennial Publication of the American Numismatic Society, New York, 1958, pp. 89-123.
A description of a hoard of 381 coins found near Koeln. It includes coins of Koeln, Andernach, Anrnsberg,
Attendorn, Korbach, Smmchmallenberg, Soest, Paderborn, Lemgo, Lippstadt, Bueren, Canterbury, London,
Schwalenberg, Dortmund, Bentheim, Hamm, Iserlohn, Herford and Wiedenbrueck. All coins predate 1240.
They are described with photos.
Berghaus, Peter. Das paderborner Muenzwesen under Ferdinand II von Fuerstenberg, 1661-1683. Reprinted
from Ferdinand von Fuerstenberg, Fuerstbischof von Paderborn und Muenster, 1661-1683, Ferdinand
Molinski, Staedtische Sammlungen Paderborn, 1962.
23

A short history and catalogue of the coinage issued by Ferdinand II von Fuerstenberg for the bishopric of
Paderborn in Westphalia.
Berghaus, Peter. Der Muenzschatz von Querenburg in der Bochumer Universitaet. Kleine Hefte der
Muenzsammlung an der Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Doppelnummer 12/13, Universitaetsverlag Dr. Norbert
Brockmeyer, Bochum, 1990
A description of a hoard of 123 15th century coins found on the campus of the Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum
in 1966. Coins were found from the Low Countries (Flanders, Holland, Brabant and Geldern), the
Grafschaft Mark, city of Dortmund, Grafschaft Limburg, Archbishopric of Trier, Herzogtum Juelich,
Grafschaft Moers, Herzogtum Berg, Juelich-Berg, Aachen, Hennegau, Batenburg, Emsigerland, Tournai
(France), and others.
Bergmann, E. von. Muenzen der Indschuiden. Numismatische Zeitschrift, vol. 3, pp. 143-165, 1871. Photocopy.
A description of coins of the Islamic Injuyid dynasty of Iran in the 14th century. Includes historical
information.
Bergmann, E. von. Beitrage zur muhammedanischen Muenzkunde. Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie
der Wissenschaften, Philos.-Hist. Klasse, Wien, vol. 73, pp. 129-170, 1873. Photocopy.
A note on some previously unpublished Islamic coins. Covers a Midrarid denar from north Africa, a
Hasanwayhid coin, Fatimid, Saruhan and Karamanid coins. There is quite a bit of history.
Berman, Allen G. Papal Numismatic History: The Emancipation of the Papal State. Second Edition. Attic Books
Ltd., South Salem, New York, 1991.
This is a general history of the papacy with a slant toward how it influenced the design and minting of papal
coinage. It is not a catalogue. It is a revised version of Allen’s masters thesis.
Berman, Allen G. Papal Coins. Attic Books Ltd., South Salem, New York, 1991.
A complete catalogue of the coins of the popes from St. Gregory III (731-741) through the present.
Includes 77 plates, valuations of every known type, historical information, and assistance in identifying
coins. The book is set up much in the manner of Sear's books on Roman, Greek and Byzantine coinage.
Berman, Allen G. and Alex G. Malloy. Warman’s Coins and Currency. Wallace-Homestead Book Company,
Radnor, Pennsylvania,1997.
A general book with prices of some of the more common ancient, medieval and modern coins and currency
from the entire world. It includes some decent historical background, photos, and lists of references for
different countries and time periods. Prices seem very inflated.
Berman, Ariel. Islamic Coins: Exhibition of L. A. Mayer Memorial Institute for Islamic Art. Central Press,
Jerusalem, 1976.
A catalogue that accompanied a Museum exhibit of medieval Islamic coins that circulated in the Holy Land.
Each coin is described with a translation of the legend or an attribution of where it is to be found in the
Koran. Most are photographed (some enlarged). There are excellent maps of the geographic range of
various dynasties. There are indexes of mint names, names of people, and coin legends, all in English,
Arabic and Hebrew.
24

Berry, George. Medieval English Jetons. Spink & Son, London, 1974.
A history of the English Exchequer and accounting techniques, with a survey of jetons from the reigns of
Edward I through Richard II.
Berry, George. Taverns and Tokens of Pepys' London. Seaby Publications Ltd., London, 1978.
A discussion of seventeenth century tokens issued by taverns mentioned in the diaries of Samuel Pepys.
The author discusses great detail what is known about the taverns and their proprietors.
Berry, George. Seventeenth Century England: Traders and their Tokens. Seaby, London, 1988.
A cultural and historical overview of the various people and establishments that issued tokens in
seventeenth century England.
Biaggi, Elio. Monete e Zecche Medievali Italiane dal Sec. VII al Sec. XV. Montenegro s.a.s. Edizioni
numismatiche di Eupremio Montenegro, Torino, 1992.
A wonderful catalogue of coins of medieval Italy from the 8th through the 15th centuries. Each of 3023
coin types is illustrated, fully described and given valuations in three grades. Rarity estimates are given,
and all legends are written out. The introductory pages give a bibliography of essential references, guide to
place names as written on coins, attribution of names of saints to their appropriate localities, and a history
of medieval Italy. The catalogue is organized by coin-issuing locality, each preceded by a brief specific
history of that locality and the coins it issued.
Bibliotheque Albert I. Mille ans de monnayage bruxellois 965-1965. Brussels, 1965.
The book that accompanied the exhibit of coins struck at the Brussels mint shown the Bibliotheque Albert I
in 1965. There is a brief history of the mint along with historical overviews preceding each period of
coinage. More than 500 coins were shown, including foreign coins struck by the mint, but only a fraction of
these are photographed (enlarged, in black and white). A decent overview.
Biddulph, C. H. Coins of the Cholas. Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 13, The Numismatic Society of
India, Varanasi, 1968.
Early coinage of southern India (Tanjore) and Ceylon. There is an excellent historical treatment, good
descriptions of the coins, and mediocre, but passable, plates.
Bidyabinod, B. B. Coins of the Non-Muhammadan Series. Supplementary Catalogue of the Coins in the Indian
Museum. Indological Book House, Delhi, 1973.
Description of additions to the IMC collection of ancient and medieval India. No plates, no text. Includes
some punchmarked coins of the Mauryan Empire.
Bikhazi, Ramzi J. Coins of al-Yaman 132-569 A.H. al-Abhath, vol. 23, pp. 3-127, 1970. Photocopy.
The history and coinage of Islamic dynasties in Yemen. Includes 'Abbasid, Rassid, Ziyadid, Fatimid,
Sulayhid and Zuray'id dynasties. Coins arranged chronologically by date, rather than by dynasty. Full
descriptions of coins and extensive historical information. There are several coins of unknown dynasties
described as well.
Bikhazi, Ramzi Jibran. The Struggle for Syria and Mesopotamia (330-58/941-69) as Reflected on Hamdanid and
25

Ikhshidid Coins. American Numismatic Society Museum Notes, Vol. 28, pp. 137-186, 1983.
Hamdanid, Ikhshidid and Abbasid coins struck in Syria. The article is mostly history, with a catalogue of
known coins from the relevant mints. One section translates the legends as they appear on coins, then there
is a listing of coins by mint town.
Binder, Christian and Julius Ebner. Wuerttembergische Muenz- und Medaillen-Kunde. Volume I, Parts I-VI, and
Volume II, Parts I-II. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1904-1915. Reprinted by W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart,
1969.
The coinage and medals of Wuerttemberg, Germany, from 1344 until the early 20th century. Includes
Moempelgart, Weiltingen, Oels, Neuenstadt.
[Bird, Brian]. Anglo-Saxon and Norman Coins. Auction Catalogue, Glendining & Co., London, 20 November,
1974.
An important collection of Anglo-Saxon and Norman coins with some incredible rarities. No prices
realized.
Biryukov, D. V. Bakriya do i posle Aleksandra. Izbrannye Stoletiya (Po Drevnim Pis’mennym Istochnikam i
Numizmaticheskim Dannym)/. Bactria during and after Alexander. A select Century: (From Ancient
Written Sources and Numismatic Data). Numizmatika Tsentral’noi Azii, Volume VIII, pp. 5-64, 2008.
An account of Bactrian and other Indo-Greek coins from Central Asia.
Blackburn, M. A. S. (Editor) Anglo-Saxon Monetary History: Essays in Memory of Michael Dolley. Leicester
University Press, 1986.
Scholarly articles by various authors on Anglo-Saxon and Viking coinage in England. Includes historical
perspectives, an analysis of hoards and a bibliography of the published works of Michael Dolley.
Blair, Sheila S. The Coins of the Later Ilkhanids: Mint Organization, Regionalism and Urbanism. ANS Museum
Notes, Volume 27, pp. 211-230, 1982.
Description and historical background of the different types of silver coins issued by the later Ilkhans. No
inscriptions, just diagrams of the major design elements. Photographic plates of some of the types.
Blake, Robert P. The Circulation of Silver in the Moslem East Down to the Mongol Epoch. Harvard Journal of
Asiatic Studies, Vol 2, pp. 291-328, 1937.
An examination of the decline in silver coinage in Central Asia after about 1000 CE and its return in in the
th
mid 13 century. The author examines trade patterns, exchange rates among competing monetary systems,
taxation and political events, especially the waning control of the Abbasid Caliphate in the east with the
subsequent emergence of new dynasties and the later emergence of the Mongol Empire. The author relies
on several contemporary accounts of economic factors. Special focus on Bukharkhudat coinage and the
monetary system of China.
Blau, O. Die Orientalischen Muenzen des Museums der Kaiserlichen Historisch-Archaeologischen Gesellschaft zu
Odessa. Published by the Institute, Odessa, 1876 (Photocopy).
Includes Sasanian, Bukhara, Bactria, Umayyad (AE and AR), Abbasid (AE and AR), Tahirid, Saffarid,
Samanid, Samanid imitations, Volga Bulghar, Ziyarid, Buwayhid, Qarakhanid, Khwarizmshahs, Rum
26

Seljuq, Artuqid, Zangid, Fatimid, Muwahhid, Ayyubid, Mamluk, Chingizid, Ilkhan, Shirvanshahs
(Khaqanid), Chaghatayid, Timurid, Shaybanid, Golden Horde, Aydin, Ottoman, ‘Alawi Sharif, Bagratid,
Shemakka, Sheki, Karabakh, Mughal, Persian Shahs, Giray Khan, Genoese-Tatar, Malaysia, Tibet. There
are a few photographic plates, good index of mints. Coin descriptions on ly partial.
Bohl, J. J. Abbildungen der Trierischen Muenzen. Hannover, 1837. Reprint by Numa Revue Internationale de
Numismatique, Luxembourg, 1977.
Originally published as a supplement to Bohl's treatise on the coinage of the German state of Trier
published in 1823. Contains illustrations of select coins from the earlier work, with reference to the original
catalogue numbers. Covers the period 814 until 1802.
Bohnert, J., F. Wictor, R. Probst, G. Lorang, and E. Rauen. Dix siecles de monnaies au pays de Luxembourg:
Catalogue des monnaies luxembourgeoises et de celles des fiefs de 1026 a 1968. Le Cercle Numismatique
du Grand-Duche de Luxembourg, 1970.
Coinage of Luxembourg from 1026 until 1968, including the Abbaye d'Echternach (974-1155), the coinage
of the Comte de Chiny (1258-1355), the Siegneurie de Moiry (1249-1329), the Siegneurie de Schoenecken
(1316-1351), the Seigneurie de St-Vith (1346-1352), the Comte de Salm en Ardenne (Vielsalm) (1297-
1306), the Seigneurie d'Orchimont (1432-1436), and the Terre Franche de Cugnon (1611-1672).
Bone, Harry. The Administration of Umayyad Syria: The Evidence of the Copper Coins. Ph.D. Dissertation,
Princeton University, November, 2000.
A fantastic numismatic study using the coins as a means of elucidating historical information of the
Umayyads in Syria. There is a good discussion of pre-reform copper coinage, including extensive coverage
of the Standing Caliph coins (Arab-Byzantine). There is a good attempt at a chronology of all the coins. It
covers mints in jund Dimashq, Hims, Qinnasrin, Filastin, al-Urdunn, al-Jazira, al-Mawsil, and Arminiya,
which include about 30 or more mints. It will be fantastic if the work is converted from a dissertation to a
high-quality publication.
[Bonhoff, Friedrich.] Sammlung Dr. med. Friedrich Bonhoff. Teil I. Deutsche Muenzen des Mittelalters.
Auktion Katalog 293, Dr. Busso Peus Nachf. Muenzhandlung, Frankfurt am Main, 1977.
A massive collection of over 2000 lots, most photographed, of coins of medieval Germany. The catalogue
is becoming a standard reference on the subject.
[Bonhoff, Friedrich.] Sammlung Dr. med. Friedrich Bonhoff. Teil II. Deutsche Muenzen des Mittelalters und der
Neuzeit. Auktion Katalog 295, Dr. Busso Peus Nachf. Muenzhandlung, Frankfurt am Main, 1978.
Additional lots of coins of medieval Germany, along with modern coins of Germany and other countries.
Bonner, Michael. The Mint of Harunabad and al-Haruniyya, 168-171 H. American Journal of Numismatics,
Volume 1, pp. 171-193.
Abbasid coinage from the short-lived mint of al-Haruniyya, in Armenia. Harunabad is a Persian name for
the same mint. He catalogues sixteen different types struck at the mint during its four-year history and
makes a case for the mint’s being in Armenia.
Boon, George C. Welsh Tokens of the 17th Century. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, 1973.
A catalogue of the tradesmens tokens of 17th century Wales in the National Museum of Wales. Legends
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are written out, and most tokens are photographed, the remainder having line drawings.
Bopearachchi, Osmund and Wilfried Pieper. Ancient Indian Coins. Indicopleustoi Archaeologies of the Indian
Ocean 2, Brepols, Turnhout, Belgium, 1998.
This is actually two books in one. The first part covers ancient tribal punchmark coins and was written by
th
Wilfried Pieper. It has a great historical commentary on the coinage from the 5 century BC until ca AD
300. The cataloge covers local punch-marked coins, Magadha-Maurya, Ujjain, Eran, Deccan, North Indian
and South Indian dynasties. Each type is nicely described and accompanied by a line drawing, with
photographic plates at the end. Part two, by Bopearachchi, covers Bactrians through early Kushan. It, too,
has a nice historical commentary followed by a catalogue of Greek coins (Alexander and imitation Athenian
owls), Bactrians, Indo-Greeks, Indo-Scythians, Indo-Parthians, and early Kushans. The descriptions and
plates are superb. An incredible book.
Bopearachchi, Osmund and Aman ur Rahman. Pre-Kushana Coins in Pakistan. Iftikhar Rasul IRM Associates,
Karachi, Pakistan, 1995.
A beautiful production including primarily the private collection of Aman ur-Rahman. More than 1000
coins are described and photographed on high-quality plates, many enlarged. It includes the finds from
several hoards and includes Achaemenid, pre-Graeco-Bactrian, Mauryan punchmarks, Graeco-Bactrian,
Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian and Indo-Parthian coins. There is a very nice historical overview. This is one of
those books that is beautiful to look at even if you don’t collect the coins.
Bordea, Gh. Poenaru and Eugen Nicolae. Monede Rare si Inedite din Moesia Inferior. Tomis I. De la Augustus
la Commodus. Buletinul Societatii Numismatice Romane, Nr. 131-133, Bucharest, pp. 89-107, 1987.
Roman and Roman Provincial coins of Moesia Inferior, all rare or previously unpublished. All coins are
photographed and fully described in the article. In Romanian.
Borg, Erkki. Suomi-Finland. Kirjapaino Verbi Oy, Helsinki, 1977. In Finnish.
Coins and banknotes of Finland from Alexander II (Czar of Russia when Finland was a grand duchy)
through modern times.
Boryeisha, Yurii and Aleksandr Kazarov. O Nadchekankakh ‘Kolyumn”: Bitovta Keistutovicha i Svidrigaily
Ol’gerdovicha/ Column Countermarks: Witold Keistutovich and Svidrigaila Ol’gerdovich. Tesei, Minsk,
Belarus, 2009.
Very important book on column countermarks on Golden Horde coins. The columns have been attributed
to two rulers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 1420s - 1430s. The authors present a typology of
the various column countermarks and assign them to rulers.
Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. The Banu Ilyas of Kirman. Pp. 107-124, In: C. E. Bosworth (Ed.), Iran and Islam,
In Memory of the Late Vladimir Minorsky. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1971.
A history of the little-known Ilyasid dynasty in Kirman in the AH 350s. The Ilyasids were eventually
overrun by the Buwayhids, who held Kirman until it was taken by the Seljuqs. Bosworth says that no coins
were issued by the Ilyasids, but Album notes one extremely rare type that has been attributed to them.
Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. The New Islamic Dynasties. Columbia University Press, New York, 1996.
A historical overview of almost 200 Islamic dynasties, with lists of rulers, dates, and brief historical sketch
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for each dynasty. There are also notations of which rulers issued coins. Much of the information has come
from coins.
Boudeau, E. Monnaies Francaises Provinciales. Cabinet de Numismatique, Paris, 1913. Reprinted by A. G. van
der Dussen, Maastricht, 1985.
A fixed price sale of coins of feudal France and the low countries. 2,448 coins are described and many
illustrated. In addition to the coins included in Poey d'Avant, it includes Alsace, Lorraine, Monaco, Savoy,
Strasbourg, Metz, Hainaut, Namur, Flanders, Brabant and Holland. While most of the catalogue covers
medieval coinage, some areas are covered into the early 18th century.
Boudeau, E. Monnaies Gauloises: Nouvelle Edition augmentee d'une Carte de la Gaule. Reprint by A. G. van
der Dussen, Maastricht, 1970.
A price guide to Celtic coins of Gaul (France and the Low Countries) based on De La Tour. 480 coins are
described, perhaps one in ten illustrated. There is a useful foldout map indicating the ranges of the various
Celtic tribes. The prices are apparently in French Francs of the 1910's.
Braun, Rolf and Ilse Braun. Opiumgewichte. Published by the Authors, Landau, 1983.
Historical treatment, descriptions and explanations of Asian "Opium" weights, actually used as general
weights, including use with opium, gold, commodities, etc. Many photographs of different type weights and
explanations of the significance of the different animal motifs used. In German, with French and English
translations.
Brekke, B. F. The Copper Coinage of Imperial Russia, 1700-1917. Foerlagshuset Norder AB, Malmoe, 1977.
Imperial Russia, including the Crimea, Georgia, and the Central Asian Khanates of Bukhara, Khwarizm and
Khuqand.
Brekke, B. F. The Copper Coinage of Imperial Russia, 1700-1917: Supplement. Russian Numismatic Society,
Akron, Ohio, 1987.
A compilation of new types and dates discovered in the decade since his original book. There is a valuation
guide compiled by James Elmen (Worldwide Coins of California). To be used in conjunction with the main
volume. Not illustrated.
Brekke, B. F. and Anders Berglund. Danish Dennings. Russian Numismatic Society, Alexandria, VA, 1983.
(Photocopy)
A history of the Pechora Company’s misadventures in northern Russia, as well as a history of coining
operations of dennings (wire money) at Copenhagen and Gluckstadt. There is a foldout die correlation
chart and detailed descriptions of the coin types. Legends are all written out.
Brethes, J. D. Contribution a l'histoire du Maroc par les recherches numismatiques: Monnaies inedites ou tres
rares de notre Collection. Banque du Maroc, Casablanca, 1939. Photocopy.
A history of Morocco through its numismatics, although it contains information about lesser dynasties that
did not issue coins. Includes ancient Greek, Judea, Carthage, Cyrenia, Rome, and Nabatea, Arab-
Byzantine, Arab-Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid, Tulunid, Aghlabid, Fatimid, Spanish dynasties (Hudid of
Zaragoza, Kings of Murcia), Umayyad of Spain, Idrisid, Hammudid of Malaga, Midrarid, Khazrunid,
Murabitid, Muwahhid, Hafsid, Merinid, Wattasid, Ziyanid, Sa'adian, 'Alawi. Coin legends are transliterated
29

into French but not written in Arabic. Contains much history, genealogies, photographic plates.
Breton, P. Napoleon. Illustrated History of the Coins and Tokens Relating to Canada. R. Paul Nadin-Davis
Numismatic Service, Ottawa, 1983 Abridged Reprint.
The classic work on tokens of Canada. Bilingual. All tokens illustrated by line drawings.
Bright, Richard K. The Coinage of Kutch. Numismatics International, Dallas, Texas, 1975.
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A booklet on the coins of the Indian state of Kutch from the 16 - 20 centuries. Unlike most books of this
type, this one is actually useful. For many of the coins for which the designs are larger than the flans, the
complete designs are drawn to aid in identification.
Broome, Michael. The Silver Coins of Baybars I without Mint Name. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 24, pp. 219-
223, 1979.
Concludes that several coin types of the Mamluk Baybars I without a mint name are from Damascus, Syria.
Broome, Michael. A Handbook of Islamic Coins. Seaby, London, 1985.
A historical treatment of the development of Islamic coinage from the earliest times to the present. Each
chapter begins with the history of a dynasty or geographical area, then concludes with the development of
the coinage. Richly illustrated with photographs of almost 400 coins.
th
Broome, Michael. Questions Raised by the New ‘Dirham’ Coinages of the 6 Century of the Hijra. Studies in
Memory of Paul Balog. Israel Numismatic Journal, Volume 10, pp. 80-87, 1988-1989.
Silver Dirham coinages of the Rum Seljuqs and Ayyubids emerged after more than a century of
predominantly copper and gold coinage in the Arabic world. The author raises the questions of where the
silver for the new coinage came from, what was the base of the new designs, and was there a relationship
between the designs of the coinage of the two dynasties. He suggests that an influx of wealth from
Europeans defeated in the Crusades might have at least been partially responsible for the influx of silver.
Brotman, Irwin F. A Guide to the Temple Tokens of India. Shamrock Press, Los Angeles, 1970. Number 660 of
1000 copies, signed by author.
A catalogue of Indian temple tokens, nicely done with good photos on high quality paper. The text includes
sections about the history and mythology of India and the Hindu religion. There are separate descriptions
of various Hindu deities. Nice book.
Browder, Tim J. Maldive Islands Money. Society for International Numismatics, Santa Monica, California, 1969.
A monograph on coinage of the Islamic sultanate of the Maldive Islands from 1648 to the present. Has
Arabic inscriptions with translations of each coin type, all known dates and denominations, and a
photograph and line drawing of each coin type. There is a brief history and a good bibliography.
Bruce, Colin R., II, John S. Deyell, Nicholas Rhodes and William F. Spengler. The Standard Guide to South
Asian Coins and Paper Money since 1556 AD. Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin, 1981.
A standard catalogue of coins, banknotes and other paper (cheques, bonds, share certificates, etc.) of India
and neighboring states, including Afghanistan, the Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Maldive
Islands, Nepal, Pakistan, Portugese India, Ceylon and Tibet.
30

Brunk, Gregory G. (Ed.) World Countermarks on Medieval and Modern Coins. Quarterman Publications,
Lawrence, Mass, 1976.
A collection of papers from The Numismatist and the American Journal of Numismatics. It is divided into
World, Europe, U. S., Latin America and the West Indies, and Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
Brunner, Christopher J. The Chronology of the Sasanian Kushanshahs. American Numismatic Society Museum
Notes, Vol. 19, pp. 145-164, 1974.
History of Sasanian coinage from 224 to 359. The article contains no coin descriptions, but references
descriptions found in other numismatic literature.
[Bruun, L. E.] Sammlung des Herrn L. E. Bruun in Kopenhagen, Schwedische Muenzen. I. Teil, vom Mittelalter
bis Gustav Adolph. Auction Catalogue of Adolph Hess Nachfolger, Frankfurt, 1914. Facsimile Reprint,
Stockholm, 1967.
Covers coinage of Sweden from 994 until 1634. 991 lots, heavily illustrated on 35 separate plates.
Budde-Jones, Captain Kathryn. Coins of the Lost Galleons. Published by the Author, Kissimmee, Florida, 1993.
A 28-page booklet on Spanish cobs and later coins. The author works with Mel Fisher and was with him
during the Atocha salvage. The booklet is an introduction to the coins covering minting techniques,
denominations, cross designs, coin types, shields, coats of arms, monarchs of Spain, variations in coin
designs among mints, mint marks, and maps.
Bulliet, Richard W. A Mu’tazilite Coin of Mahmud of Ghazna. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 15, pp. 119-129,
1969.
A description of a unique Ghaznavid dirham, Nishapur 387, with a verse from the Quran not seen before on
coins. Bulliet concludes that the legends represent adherence to the Mu’tazilite religious faction in
Nishapur. This was an ultrarationalist faction that followed the legal code of the Hanafi law school.
Burgos, Fernando Alvarez. Catalogo General de las Monedas Espanolas, Vol. I. La Moneda Hispanica desde sus
Origens hasta el Siglo V. Vico & Segarra, 1987. In Spanish.
The coinage of ancient Spain, including Greek and Roman influences.
Burkovskii, S. A. Chastnye Voprosy Mednogo Dzhuchidskogo Chekana/ Some Questions on Copper Jujid Coinage.
Seriya “Numizmatika Zologoi Ordy”, Kniga Pervaya, AIR, Donetsk, Ukraine, 2009.
A nice volume devoted to Golden Horde copper coins. There are three separate articles as follows:
Burkovskii, S. A. And Yu. D. Kireev - Die analysis of Puls from Bulghar with Batu’s tamga within a
triangle ane the legend Qutlugh Bulsun.
Burkovskii, S. A. - Counterstamps with the Tarak Tamga on Jujid Puls
Burkovskii, S. A. - Information on Copper Coins struck at the Mints Azaq, Khwarizm, Tabriz, Sygnaq,
Majar, Sarai and Saray al-Jadida
Excellent photographs and line drawings, legends written out in Arabic. This is the first publication I have
seen with such a number of coppers from most of these mints.
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Burn, Richard. Coins of Jahan Shah Kara Koyunlu and Some Contemporary Rulers. The Numismatic Chronicle,
Fifth Series, Vol. XVIII (1935), pp. 173-197, London. Photocopy
A description of an apparent find of 127 coins, 93 of Jahan Shah of the Qara Qoyunlu, the remainder being
Timurid, other Qara Qoyunlu, and a coin not of the apparent find of the Khans of Khoqand. There is a
running historical narrative and descriptions of 127 coins, with Arabic legends written out only as
completely as occur on the coins.
Burnasheva, R. Monety Bukharskovo Khanstva Pri Mangytakh (Seredina XVIII - Nachalo XX v.)/ Coins of the
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Khans of Bukhara at the time of the Manghits ( Middle of the 18 - Beginning of the 20 Centuries).
Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XVIII, pp. 113-128, 1967.
The first of two parts of a work covering the Manghits of Bukhara. This one covers the reigns of Shah
Murad, Haidor Tora and Sayyid Husayn, the first three rulers of the dynasty. There are decent photos of all
types described as well as all dates and date combinations (different dates on obverse and reverse) found on
the more than 4000 Manghit coins found in the combined collections of the Hermitage, Museum of History
in Moscow, and the Uzbekistan Museum of History.
Burnasheva, R. Monety Bukharskovo Khanstva Pri Mangytakh (Seredina XVIII - Nachalo XX v.)/ Coins of the
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Khans of Bukhara at the time of the Manghits ( Middle of the 18 - Beginning of the 20 Centuries).
Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XXII, pp. 67-80, 1972.
The second part of the author’s work on the Manghits of Bukhara beginning with Nasrullah and going to the
end of the dynasty. This part lacks photos, but has a continuation of the table with all of the date
combinations.
Burnasheva, R. E., E. A. Smagulov and M. K. Tuyakbaev. Klady I Monety Turkestana/ Hoards and Coins of
Turkestan. Izdatel’stvo BAUR. Almaty, 2006.
Several hoards of coins found in Turkestan. Coins are primarily silver pieces of the Chaghatayids and
Central Asian civic coppers. There is a long English summary.
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Butak, Behzad. XI. XII. XIII. Yuzyillarda Resimli Turk Paralari/Figured Turkish Coins of the 11 , 12 and 13
Centuries. Pulhan Matbaasi, Istanbul, 1947.
Coins of the Artuqids, Zengids, Lu’lu’ids, Begteginids, Ildegizid, Salduqids, Menkujakid, Danishmandid,
Ayyubid of Hisn Kayfa. Complete coin descriptions with Arabic legends and translations into Turkish.
The model for the Spengler and Sayles books on these coins.
Butak, Behzad. XI. XII. XIII. Yuzyillarda Resimli Turk Paralari, Ek II: Giyas ud-Din Keyhusrev II bin
Keykubad’in. Puhlan Matbaasi, Istanbul, 1950.
A second supplement to his excellent work on figured Turkish coins. This supplement includes one Dinar
and one Dirham of Ghiyas al-Din Kaykhusraw II of a modified lion and sun type. Each coin has two lions
facing away with the sun above and between. Nice coins.
Buttrey, T. V., Ann Johnston, Kenneth M. MacKenzie, and Michael L. Bates. Greek, Roman, and Islamic Coins
from Sardis. Archaeological Exploration of Sardis, Monograph 7, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
1981.
A description of coin finds from a major archaeological undertaking in Sardis, Turkey. The Islamic coins
32

include Saruhan, Aydin, Germiyan, Menteshe, Denizli, Hamit, and Ottoman. The Ottoman coins are
primarily copper. Legends transliterated. Decent plates.
Buzdugan, George, Octavian Luchian and Constantin C. Oprescu. Monede si Bancnote Romanesti. Editura
Sport-Turism, Bucharest, 1977.
The coinage and banknotes of Romania. Covers ancient Romania (Greek, Celtic, Roman, Byzantine),
Wallachia, Moldavia, Transylvania and modern Romania. Coins are fully described with photos (poor) or
line drawings and complete legends. Includes many varieties of otherwise similar coins. There is an
English summary, extensive bibliography, and values.
Bykov, A. A. Abbasidskii Pamyatnii Dirgem Nachala IX Veka/ Abbasid Commemorative Dirham from the
th
Beginning of the 9 Century. Sovetskoe Vostokovedenie, pp. 83-90, 1947. (Photocopy)
The description of an unusual Abbasid dirham dated AH 195 from the time of Caliph al-Mansur. There is
no mint name. The central legends cite Umm Jafar bint Abu’l-Fadla, apparently referring to Zubaida, the
wife of Harun al-Rashid. The description is of a single known coin.
Bykov, A. A. Daisam ibn Ibrakhim al-Kurdi i yevo Monety/ Daysam b. Ibrahim the Kurd and his Coins.
Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume X, pp. 14-37, 1955.
The coins of Daysam b. Ibrahim al-Kurd are listed in Album’s Checklist under Kurds of Adharbayjan
(Azerbaijan). There are descriptions of two coins, Arminiya 330 and Ardabil 340, with beautiful enlarged
photos. A majority of the article is a description of the history surrounding Daysam and his issuing of
coins.
Bykov, A. A. Monety Daisama ibn Ibrakhima al-Kurdi. XXV Mezhdunarodnii Kongress Vostokovedov,
Izdatel’stvo Vostochnoi Literatury, Moscow, 1960.
This appears to be an offprint from a larger publication. It is a description of the coins of Daysam b.
Ibrahim al-Kurd, listed in Album’s Checklist under Kurds of Adharbayjan (Azerbaijan). The author
describes 11 coins, all dirhams, from the mints of Barda’, Adharbayjan, Arminiya and Ardabil, dated AH
325-341. Arabic legends are written out, and there are photos of each coin.
Bykov, A. A. Nakhodki Srednevekovykh Indiiskikh Monet v Vostochnoi Evrope/ Finds of Medieval Indian Coins
in Eastern Europe. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XIX, pp. 73-80, 1969.
Finds of Dehli Sultanate coins (gold) of ‘Ala al-Din Muhammad II, Qutb al-Din Mubarak I, Ghiyas al-Din
Tughluq I, Muhammad III b. Tughluq, and Firuz III. The sites where the coins were found are along the
Volga and Kama rivers near Kazan’, between Moscow and Yaroslavl, and along other rivers west of
Moscow near Minsk, Leningrad/St. Petersburg and Kiev.
Bykov, A. A. Redkii Samanidskii Fel’s/ A Rare Samanid Fals. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XX, pp. 72-73, 1971.
A beautifully preserved example of an extremely rare copper fals of Ishaq b. Ahmad, Akhsikath, AH 278.
SNAT has only one example, a broken and holed piece dated AH 284. This coin is from the Samanids of
Akhsikath, listed separately from the other Samanids in Album’s Checklist, and this is a different Ishaq b.
Ahmad than the usurper who issued coins under the main Samanid line in AH 301.
Bykov, A. A. Dva Novykh Dirkhema Daisama ibn Ibrakhima al-Kurdi/ Two New Dirhams of Daysam ibn Ibrahim
al-Kurdi. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XX, pp. 74-76, 1971.
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Two dirhams of Daysam b. Ibrahim, listed in Album’s Checklist as the only ruler under Kurds of
Adharbayjan. These two coins were struck in Barda’a, AH 325, and in Ardebil, AH 338, respectively, and
both were in the collection of the Ermitage Museum.
Bykov, A. A. Monety Rashaddina, Uygurskovo Povstantsa. Strany i Narody Vostoka, Part XV, Afrika i Aziya, pp.
288-302, Moscow, 1973.
Rebel coinages from Xinjiang/Sinkiang. It includes much historical background, coin descriptions within
the text, a map, and a few photos, mostly of Ghazi Rashid square-holed coppers.
[Byrne, Ray]. Coins and Tokens of the Caribees. Auction catalogue of Jess Peters, Inc., Decatur, Illinois, 1975.
Extensive catalogue of 1457 lots from Ray Byrne's collection of Caribbean coins and tokens. Includes
tokens of non-British islands of Cuba, Curacao, Danish West Indies, Dominican Republic, Dutch West
Indies, Guadeloupe, Isles du Vent, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Bartholomew, St. Croix, St. Maarten,
Santo Domingo, Vieque, and Dutch and French Guiana, as well as British pieces covered in Pridmore and
Clermont and Wheeler.
Cahen, Claude. ‘Abdallatif al-Baghdadi et les Khwarizmiens. Pp. 149-166, In: C. E. Bosworth (Ed.), Iran and
Islam, In Memory of the Late Vladimir Minorsky. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1971.
‘Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi was a contempory of the Khwarizmshahs who wrote his memoirs recording
events of his time. This article contains a biography of the Khwarizmshahs Muhammad b. Tekish, and
account of the Battle of Erzinjan in AH 627, and a biography of Jalal al-Din Mangubarni, all taken from the
contemporary memoirs of ‘Abd al-Latif. Interesting contemporary accounts of Khwarizmshah conflicts
with the Great Khans (Mongols, Chingizids) and with the Seljuqs of Rum. Not a coin article, but interesting
nonetheless.
Cahn, Erich B. Catalogues des Monnaies Suisses. I. Fribourg. Societe Suise de Numismatique, Berne, 1959.
Reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, 1966. In French, with German introduction.
Coinage of the Canton of Fribourg, Switzerland, 1446-1848.
Cahn, Erich B. Bayerische Muenzkataloge. Band 3. Die Muenzen des Hochstifts Eichstaett. Verlag Hugo
Geiger, Gruenwald bei Muenchen, 1962.
The coinage of the Bishopric of Eichstaett (Eichstaedt), Bavaria, from 985-1802.
Calico, F. Xavier. Florines de Aragon. X. & F. Calico, Barcelona, 1966.
A specialized publication devoted to the gold Florines of medieval Aragon, Spain. There are very few
illustrations, but there are drawings of mint marks, legends through various rulers, etc. The Florine
circulated widely and was imitated throughout Europe.
Campos Lopez, Teresa. Feluses en las excaviaciones de Jaen. In: A. Canto and V. Salvatierra (Eds.), IV.
Jarique de Numismatica Andalusi, Universidad de Jaen, Museo Casa de la Moneda, pp. 111-120, 2000.
Spanish Umayyad coppers found in Jaen. A few are photographed and described.
Cannito, Ralph A. and Michael N. Fedorov. On Some Rare Early Qarakhanid Fulus. American Journal of
Numismatics, Vol. 20, pp. 555-578, 2008.
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Description of 47 Qarakhanid coppers from the late 4 and early 5 centuries AH. Decent discussion of
early Qarakhanid history and how the coins contribute to our historical knowledge. Excellent photographic
plates. It would be nice to have this sort of treatment of the entire Qarakhanid coinage to add photos or
drawings to supplement Kochnev’s work.
Cannito, Ralph A. and Michael N. Fedorov. An Unpublished AH 607 Uzjend Dirham. American Journal of
Numismatics, Vol. 20, pp. 579-5838, 2008.
A late Qarakhanid silver-washed dirham in the name of Qadir Khan.
Cano Avila, Pedro. Dirhemes Califales Hallados cerca de Alcaudete (Jaen). III. Jarique de Numismatica
Hispano-Arabe. Museo Arqueologico Nacional, Madrid, pp. 299-311, 1990.
Desriptions of legends and ornamentation of Spanish Umayyad dirhams found in Spain. No photos.
Canto Garcia, Alberto. El Periodo Omeya. El Emirato. La Aparicion de la Tipologia Califal. ‘Abd al-Rahman
III: Sus Sucesores. I. Jarique de Estudios Numismaticos Hispano-Arabes, Institucion Fernando el Catolico,
Zaragoza, pp. 29-41, 1988.
Typology, with names of other personages, found on Spanish Umayyad coins. Good bibliography.
Canto Garcia, Alberto and Tawfiq Ibrahim. Moneda Andalusi en al Alhambra, Palacio de Carlos V, Granada,
Marzo-Agosto 1997. Archivos y Publicaciones Scriptorium, Granada, 1997.
A wonderful catalogue that accompanied an exhibit of Islamic coins at the Palacio de Carlos V in Granada
in 1997. The first section follows the evolution of Islamic coinage in Spain from the origins of Islamic
coinage through the Umayyads, Taifas, Almoravids, Almohades, and Nasrids of Granada. This section
includes brief histories, nice maps, and an overview of the coins. The second section covers the use and
manufacture of money and discusses hoards and counterfeiting. The third section is a catalogue of more
than 200 coins and related objects,most nicely photographed and fully described. Finally there is a fantastic
bibliography. A great book.
Cappe, Heinrich Philipp. Beschreibung der Muenzen von Goslar. E. S. Mittler und Sohn, Dresden, 1860.
Reprinted by Numismatischer Verlag Wolfgang Winkel, Bielefeld, 1974. Numbered copy 95 of limited
reprinting of 200 copies.
The coinage of the German free city of Goslar. After 1802 was a part of Prussia, then Westphalia, then
Hannover, then Prussia again. Covers 1039 (Holy Roman Empire) through 1764.
Carboni, Stefano. Following the Stars: Images of the Zodiac in Islamic Art. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York, 1997.
An explanation of astrological motifs found in Islamic art and illustrations thereof. There are photos of nice
of the Zodiac coins of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, but the book is not primarily numismatic. Very nicely
illustrated.
Carter, Martha L. A Numismatic Reconstruction of Kushano-Sasanian History. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 30,
pp. 215-261, 1985.
A chronology and history of the Kushano-Sasanians based on numismatic evidence. Nice piece of work.
Casey, P. J. Roman Coinage in Britain. Shire Archaeology 12, Third Edition. Shire Publications, Princes
35

Risborough, England, 1994.
An interesting account of the coinage of Roman England, with emphasis on the economic and social history
of the time. It is not a catalogue of Roman coins, but rather an explanation of how and why the coinage of
Roman Britain developed.
Castelin, Karel. Grossus Pragensis. Der Pragen Groschen und seine Teilstuecke, 1300-1547. Klinkhardt &
Biermann, Braunschweig, 1973.
The Prager Groschen of Bohemia. A history, with identification of coins and description of countermarked
coins.
Cayon, Adolfo, Clemente Cayon and Juan Cayon. Las Monedas Espanolas del Tremis al Euro, del 411 a Nuestros
Dias. Juan R. Cayon, Madrid, 1998.
A huge (almost 1300 page) much-improved replacement for the old Cayon and Castan. This incarnation
begins with the Suevii in 411, covers the pre-Visigoth, Visigoth and Islamic coinages of Spain before
getting into the more tradional medieval coinage of the previous volume. Each type is photographed. For
Islamic coinage, prices (in 1998 pesetas) are given many mints for each type, including north African mints
for dynasties like the Muwahhids and others that spanned the Mediterranean and the Strait of Gibraltar. A
great overall reference for Spanish coins.
Charlton, J. E. 1964 Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, Tokens and Paper Money. 12th Edition. Whitman
Publishing Co., Racine, Wisconsin, 1963.
Coins and tokens of Canada, 1670 until 1964.
Cheng Ren Jie. Chinese Copper Coins. Taiwan, 1997. (In Chinese).
The nicest publication I have seen on modern copper coins of China. There are almost 800 different types
illustrated with high-quality color photos. It does not cover Sinkiang.
Chijs, J. A. van der. Catalogus der numismatische Afddeling van het Museum van het Bataviaasch Genootschap
van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. Lange & Co., Batavia, 1869.
First edition of a listing of the coins in the Museum of the Batavian Society for Art and Science. There are
no illustrations and few coin descriptions. Most notations are references to other published works. You
win some, you lose some.
Chosky, Jamsheed K. A Sasanian Monarch, His Queen, Crown Prince, and Deities: The Coinage of Wahram II.
American Journal of Numismatics, Volume 1, pp. 117-135, 1989.
The Sasanian coinage of Vahran II.
Chu Cho-p’eng and Chu Sheng-t’ao. Xinjiang Red Cash. Hsin Hua Bookstore, Shanghai, 1991. (In Chinese)
The book has rubbings of Xinjiang/Sinkiang coinage of the Ch’ing Dynasty. It’s greatest use for the non-
Chinese reader is the ability to compare one’s coins to different die varieties in the catalogue, one step in
determining if a coin is counterfeit. The rubbings are not always clear, especially for the lower
denominations.
Ciani, Louis. Les Monnaies Royales Francaises de Hugues Capet a Louis XVI. Paris, 1926. Reprint by A. G.
36

Van der Dussen, Maestricht, The Netherlands, 1969.
Royal French coinage from Hugh Capet (956) until Louis XVI (1793).
Clain-Stefanelli, Elvira. Select Numismatic Bibliography. Stack's, New York, 1965.
An extensive bibliography of literature relating to numismatics. It covers major references to all fields of
numismatics published through 1965.
Clain-Stefanelli, Elvira. Numismatic Bibliography. Battenberg-Verlag, Munich, 1985.
The most complete and most cited numismatic bibliography. It lists 18,311 references covering all facets of
numismatics. Most include only the bibliographic citation, but there are some with notations elaborating a
bit more about the subject. Especially noteworthy references are marked with an asterisk.
Clark, C. R. Florida Tokens. Published by the author, St. Petersburg, Florida, 1990.
The standard reference on Florida tokens in all metals (and other materials) from the 1880s until 1990. The
book is arranged alphabetically by city. There are over 6,000 tokens listed, many photographed.
Clarke, Robert L. and A. Mohabat-Ayin. Modern Coinage or Iran, 1293 AH-1353 SH, 1876 AD-1974 AD.
Numismatics International, Dallas, 1974.
A small book on the machine-struck coins of Iran under the shahs. Legends are transliterated but not
written out in Persian.
de Clermont, Andre P. and John Wheeler. Spink's Catalogue of British Colonial and Commonwealth Coins.
Spink and Son, London, 1986.
Coins and tokens of the British Commonwealth and Colonies, adapted from Pridmore and in the format of
Krause and Mishler. Includes valuations.
Cobwright, Mullhulland Ignatious. Evasives 1993. Published by C.O.B., Beeston, England, 1993.
An work on the evasion coinage of 19th century England and Ireland. The only serious update of Atkins.
Not illustrated.
Codera y Zaidin, Don Franciso. Tratado de Numismatica Arabigo-Espanola. Originally published by Libreria de
M. Murillo, Madrid, 1879. Reprinted by Juan R. Cayon, Madrid, 1977.
Description of two museum collections of Islamic dynasties in Spain and adjacent North Africa. Includes
early Latin-Arabic coins, Umayyads, the various Muluk al-Tawa'if, Almohades, Almoravids, and later
coins. Full descriptions with Arabic legends written out and Spanish translations. There are many useful
tables, 24 plates, and a supplement describing each mint town found on the various coins.
Codrington, H. W. Ceylon Coins and Currency. Memoirs of the Colombo Museum, Saries A., No. 3, Colombo,
1924. Reprinted 1975.
Catologue of all coins known to have circulated in Ceylon. Includes ancients, Roman and Byzantine,
medieval Ceylon (Kandy Kings, etc., medieval India, Portugese, Dutch, British, Islamic, and others.
Islamic coins include Umayyad, Fatimid, Ayyubid, Rum Seljuqs, Zengid, Mamluks, Ilkhan, Rasulid, and
Indian sultanates. Also larins and early Persian shahs. A lot of good history. Coin legends transliterated
37

only.
Codrington, O. A Manual of Musalman Numismatics. Originally published as Asiatic Society Monographs,
Volume VII, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1904. Reprinted by Eastern Book House, Patna, India, 1990.
A thorough (in 1904) list of legends, names, titles, mint towns, and other features of Islamic coins in
English and Arabic. Very useful for coin identification. The list of mint towns explains which dynasties
minted coins there and gives their location by modern country and with latitude and longitude!
Codrington, O. Further note on Musalman coins collected by Mr. G. P. Tate in Seistan. Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society, pp. 547-553, 1905.
Brief notes on Saffarid and Mehrabanid coins with legends fully written out where known.
Coffing, Courtney L. A Guide and Checklist of World Notgeld, 1914-1947, and Other Local Issue Emergency
Monies. Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin, 1988.
A list of cities from all countries issuing various forms of emergency money (Notgeld), including
banknotes, coins, encased stamps, etc. There is an extensive bibliography on literature pertaining to
emergency money. Few illustrations, and not even a guide to types. Except for the guide to the literature,
probably minimally useful.
Coole, Arthur Brandon. Coins in China’s History. Fourth Edition, Inter-Collegiate Press, Mission, Kansas, 1965.
One of the classic publications on Chinese coins. It has a short historical overview, maps, reign titles,
assistance in dating modern coins, and nice black and white photos of coins from ancient spades through
modern coins. The end of the book has a neat year-by-year time line of the history of China.
Coole, Arthur Brandon. Encyclopedia of Chinese Coins, Volume 2. The Early Coins of the Chou Dynasty.
Quarterman Publications, Inc., Lawrence, Masachusetts, 1973.
A very detailed catalogue of cowries (natural and other materials), ant-nose types, hollow-handle spades
and thick and heavy spades of the Chou dynasty. All pieces illustrated with great help in reading and
translating the characters found on these.
Coole, Arthur Brandon. Encyclopedia of Chinese Coins, Volume 5. Ch’i Heavy Sword Coins and Debatable
Pieces of the Chou Era. Quarterman Publications, Inc., Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1976.
A very detailed catalogue of heavy pointed knives of ancient China. The debatable pieces are mostly
Bridge Money and Fish Money. There are many, many types illustrated, and there are glossaries of the seal
script characters and detailed discussions of reading the different seal characters.
Coole, Arthur Brandon. Encyclopedia of Chinese Coins, Volume 6. State of Ming Knife Coins and Minor Knife
Coins. Quarterman Publications, Inc., Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1976.
In-depth catalogue of Ming knives and other smaller knife coins of ancient China. There are good drawings
of the different types and glossaries/tables of the characters found on the different knives.
Cope, Geoffrey M. and P. Alan Rayner. The Standard Catalogue of English Milled Coinage in Silver, Copper and
Bronze, 1662-1972. Spink and Son, London, 1975.
Detailed catalogue with rarity by grade, average condition, and varieties. Charles II through Elizabeth II.
38

Craig, Alan K. Gold Coins of the 1715 Spanish Plate Fleet: A Numismatic Study of the State of Florida
Collection. Florida Archaeology, Number 4, Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research, 1988.
A description of gold coinage of Colonial Spain in the Florida State collection. Includes a good historical
treatment of the period. Focuses on Lima, Cuzco, Mexico and Santa Fe de Bogata mints. Beautiful color
plates, line drawings illustrating 23 types. All the coins were salvaged from shipwrecks of the coast of
Florida.
Craig, William D. Germanic Coinages (Charlemagne through Wilhelm II). William D. Craig, Mountain View,
California, 1954. With Supplement.
An extensive guide to identification of coins of German states, with history and rulers of cities and states
and a general monetary history of Germany.
Credit Communal de Belgique. One Money for Europe. Credit Communal de Belgique, Brussels, 1991.
Published in conjunction with an exhibit at the Credit Communal and the convening of the XIth
International Numismatic Congress at the time of the introduction of the ECU as a potential single monetary
unit for Europe. It is a series of short papers, the authors of which represent a who’s who of European
numismatics. The papers cover Greek before Athenian Owls, Attic Tetradrachm, Magna Graecia, Federal
Coinage in Greece, Roman Denarius, Roman Empire in general, Celts, Solidus and Besant in Western
Europe, Carolingian, Denier of Friesach as international trade coin, Luxembourg coinage, Scandinavia,
Catalonian solution to International Monetary Union, Union of Elector of the Rhine Burgundy, Return to
large coinage, the Sterling, The Ducat, the Florin, Royal French coinage, the Thaler, the Maria Teresa
Thaler, the Sovereign, Germanal Franc and the Latin Union, German Zollverein, Currency, Resistance to
and problems of a common currency, the ECU. Great maps, outstanding photos.
Cresswell, O. D. Chinese Cash. Durst Publications, New York, 1979.
A decent introduction to Chinese Cash. Includes some historical notes, descriptions of the most common
types, line drawings, and a few useful guides to identification not found elsewhere, especially tables of
Chinese and Mongol characters found on coin reverses. Not comprehensive, but useful.
Cribb, Joe. The Sino-Kharosthi Coins of Khotan: Their Attribution and Relevance to Kushan Chronology, Part 1.
Numismatic Chronicle, Volume 144, pp. 128-152, 1984.
Cribb, Joe. The Sino-Kharosthi Coins of Khotan: Their Attribution and Relevance to Kushan Chronology, Part 2.
Numismatic Chronicle, Volume 145, pp. 136-149, 1985.
These two articles are a great discussion of copper and lead coins found around Khotan in
Xinjiang/Sinkiang. The coins have inscriptions in both Chinese and Kharosthi. He provides line drawings
and photos of all types, and there is an extensive analysis and explanation of the meanings of symbols and
legends. He puts them all in a historical context and draws conclusions about Kushan history from the
coins.
Cribb, Joe, Barrie Cook and Ian Carradice. The Coin Atlas: The World of Coinage from its Origins to the Present
Day. Facts on File, New York, 1990.
An extensive overview of every coin-issuing country with a summary of the coinage, maps and many
photographs of coins and related items. A very useful reference.
Crusafont i Sabater, M. Barcelona i la Moneda Catalana. Caixa de Pensions, Barcelona, 1989.
39

A really nice coffee table-type book on the coinage of Barcelona and Catalan. It covers ancient and
medieval coinages, with hundreds of coins photographed, many greatly enlarged. There is a good historical
overview of the development of the coinage and a good bibliography. Written in Catalan.
Cummings, Michael L. Modern Japanese Coinage: 1870-Date. Self Published. Tokyo, 1975. Signed by author.
A nice book with much more information about the modern coinage of Japan than found in Krause or other
general publications. Includes a brief numismatic history of Japan. There are explanations of legends, a
section on mints and mintmarks, lists of rulers, etc.
Cunningham, Alexander. Coins of the Indo-Scythians. Originally published London, 1888, 1889, 1890. Reprint
by Indological Book House, Delhi, 1971.
A collection of papers on ancient India originally published in the Numismatic Chronicle. Part I is a
general introduction with tables of monograms, legends and titles. Subsequent parts cover the Tochari,
Kushans or Yue-ti, the Sakas, King Miaus (or Heraus), Kushans or Great Yue-Ti (again). The plates are on
the good side of mediocre, and there are many tables of coins descriptions and much historical background.
Cunningham, Alexander. Coins of Mediaeval India from the Seventh Century down to the Muhammadan
Conquests. Originally published London, 1893. Reprint by Oriental Reprint, Delhi, 1967.
A nice treatment of medieval Indian coins, including Indo-Sasanian, bull and horseman, and other wellknown
types. The coins are described, but the legends are not written out in the original language, only
transliterated. The plates are mediocre.
Cunz, Reiner. Moneta Goslariensis: Goslarer Muenzen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. Niedersaechsisches
Muenzkabinett der Deutschen Bank, Hannover, 1989.
A brief pamphlet to accompany an exhibit of the coins of Goslar from early medieval times to the present.
There are no illustrations. A decent bibliography and good, although short, historical overview.
Cunz, Reiner. Kleine Muenzgeschichte der Stadt Hannover, 1438-1674. Niedersaechsisches Muenzkabinett der
Deutschen Bank, Hannover, 1991.
A nicely produced booklet to accompany an exhibit on the history of the coins of Hannover. Includes a
good historical overview, some nice color photographs, and an extensive bibliography.
Cunz, Reiner. Vom Taler zur Mark: Einfuehrung in die Muenz- und Geldgeschichte Nordwestdeutschlands von
1500 bis 1900. Deutsche Bank, Hannover, 1996.
A booklet to accompany a travelling bank exhibit of the coinage of northwest Germany. Includes numerous
color photos of coins and banknotes, a good bibliography, and a great historical overview. Mostly Lower
Saxony and Braunschweig.
Curiel, Raoul and Rika Gyselen. Une Collection de Monnaies de Cuivre Arabo-Sasanides. Studia Iranica, Cahier
2. Association pour l’Avancement des Etudes Iraniennes, Paris, 1984.
Very good descriptions and guides to identification of early Islamic Arab-Sasanian copper coins. Nice line
drawings and full legends.
Curtis, B. Thomas. Salah-ad-Din and the Jazira Campaigns of A.H. 578 and A.H. 581: The Evidence of the
Figured Coins. Studies in Memory of Paul Balog. Israel Numismatic Journal, Volume 10, pp. 88-97,
40

1988-1989.
The author attempts to correlate the advent of various figural bronzes of the Turkish atabegs with specific
historical events of Salah al-Din (Saladin).
Dalton, Richard. The Silver Token-Coinage Mainly Issued Between 1811 and 1812 Described and Illustrated.
Reprint by Seaby, London, 1968 of original 1922 edition.
Silver token coinage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Guernsey and the Isle of Man.
Dalton, Richard and S. H. Hamer. The Provincial Token-Coinage of the 18th Century. Reprint by Quarterman
Publications, Lawrence, Mass., 1977, of original edition of 1910.
Token coinage of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.
Damali, Atom. 150 Devlet, 1500 Sultan: Islam Sikkeleri/ 150 Dynasties, 1500 Sultans: Islamic Coinage. Nilufer
Vakfi Yayinlari, Istanbul, No Publication Date. In Turkish.
A handbook or introduction to Islamic coinage. It has 150 dynasties listed with chronologies of their rulers
and examples of their coinage. There are fold-out maps showing the extent of reign of various dynasties, as
well as good historical overviews for each of the dynasties. Already useful with my limited Turkish, and
would be a great book to practice on if I ever get serious about learning.
Daniel, Howard A., III. The Catalog and Guidebook of Southeast Asian Coins and Currency. Volume I. France.
Second edition. BNR Press, Portage, Ohio, 1978.
Coins, tokens and banknotes of French Cochin China, Indo-China, Cambodia, Laos, Viet Nam, Thailand
and the Netherlands East Indies (French token). A decent overview.A continuation of the authors detailed
guide to die varieties of Northern Sung cash.
Daoud, Dr. Mayssa Mahmoud. Archaeological and Artistic Study of the Fatimid Numismatic Set at the Museum of
Islamic Art in Cairo. Dar al-Fikr al-‘Arabi, Cairo, 1991 (in Arabic, with English summary)
A very useful catalogue of Fatimid coins from the Museum collection. Most of the coin legends are written
out in tabular form (more than 250 pages), and there are mediocre, but readable, photos on many
photographic plates. The analysis of the coins is in Arabic. A great help for reading legends and
identifying coins.
Dar, Shimon and Arie Kindler. The Coins from the Mamluk Enclosure at Nebi Hazuri. Studies in Memory of
Paul Balog. Israel Numismatic Journal, Volume 10, pp. 129-136, 1988-1989.
A hoard of more than 100 coins, including Mamluk coins from 1260-1498 AD, indicates that the site was a
long-term continuous Mamluk settlement.
Darley-Doran, Robert E. History of Currency in the Sultanate of Oman. The Central Bank of Oman, Muscat,
1990/1411.
A beautifully laid-out history of Islamic coinage in this part of the Arabian Peninsula. Not a catalogue, but
richly illustrated with enlarged photographs. Each chapter is a different century of coinage from the earliest
Umayyads to the present. Includes Abbasid, Saffarid, Wajihid, Buwayhid, Qarmatid, Mukramid, Qalhatid,
Rasulid. The legends of most coins are written out in the Arabic text, with transliter-ations and translations
in the English test.
41

Darley-Doran, Robert E. History of Currency in the State of Bahrain. Published on behalf of Bahrain Monetary
Agency by Spink and Son, Ltd, London, 1996.
A slick publication that is a general survey of coinage of the Arabian peninsula over time. Includes ancient
Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Sasanian, Arab-Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid, Zanj Rebellion, Aghlabid,
Tulunid, Saffarid, Samanid, Fatimid, Umayyad of Spain,‘Abbadids of Seville, Murabitid, Kingdom of
Murcia, Muwahhidid, Marinid, Hafsid, Ikhshidid, Qarmatid, Ayyubid, Amirs of ‘Aththar, Najahid,
Sulayhid, Rasulid, Buwayhid, Ghaznavid, Qarakhanid, Hasanwayhid, Kakwayhid, Anazid, Great Seljuq,
Iraq Seljuq, Zangid, Khwarezmshah, Batinid, Seljuq of Rum, Mamluk, Ottoman, Ilkhan, Qutlughkhanid,
Injuyid, Muzaffarid, Timurid, Qalhatid, Aq Qoyunlu, Safavid, Afsharid, Qajar, Zand, Mughal, and modern
coins. Beautiful photos, but coins not fully described. More of a coffee table book.
Daryaee, Touraj. The Use of Religo-Political Propaganda on the Coinage of Xusro II. ANS American Journal of
Numismatics, Vol. 9, pp. 41-53.
Explanation of changes in types of Sasanian drachmas of Xusro II.
Davenport, John S. The Silver Dollars of Africa. Whitman Publishing Company, Racine, Wisconsin, 1959.
His first book on Thaler/Dollar-sized coins. It is a type catalogue including Algeria, Angola, Belgian
Congo, Congo Free State, Comoros Islands, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, German East Africa, Ghana, Gold
Coast, Ile de France, Morocco, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, South African Republic, Southern Rhodesia,
Sudan, Tripoli, Tunis, Union of South Africa and Zanzibar. Also includes the Maria Teresa Thaler and
various patterns and fantasies.
Davenport, John S. German Talers, 1700-1800. Second Edition. Spink & Son, Ltd., London, 1965.
Talers of German States from the 18th century. Includes a brief historical overview prior to each coinissuing
entity's entry.
Davenport, John S. German Church and City Talers, 1600-1700. Published by the author, Galesburg, Illinois,
1967.
Talers issued by German cities and ecclesiastical states or rulers in the 17th century.
Davenport, John S. The Talers of the Austrian Noble Houses. Organization of International Numismatists,
Galesburg, Illinois, 1972.
This is a small paperback book, 62 pages, that covers Austrian talers. It is done in the style of his larger
books. It includes a map of the coverage, which goes into Bohemia, Silesia, Moravia and Hungary.
Davenport, John S. European Crowns, 1700-1800. Third Edition. Publishes by the author, Galesburg, Illinois,
1971.
Non-German crown-sized coins of Europe in the 18th century. Includes coinage of Austria and Hungary
issued by the Habsburgs.
Davenport, John S. European Crowns, 1600-1700. Published by the author, Galesburg, Illinois, 1974.
Non-German crown-sized coins of Europe in the 17th century.
Davenport, John S. German Secular Talers, 1600-1700. Numismatischer Verlag P. N. Schulten, Frankfurt am
42

Main, 1976.
A catalogue of talers issued by the rulers of German states in the 17th century.
Davenport, John S. European Crowns, 1484-1600. Numismatischer Verlag P. N. Schulten, Frankfurt am Main,
1977.
Non-German European crowns of the late 15th and entire 16th centuries.
Davenport, John S. German Talers, 1500-1600. Numismatischer Verlag P. N. Schulter, Frankfurt am Main,
1979.
German talers in the 16th century. Includes cities, states and ecclesiastical issues.
Davenport, John S. Eastern Baltic Regional Coinage, A. D. 1425-1581. Numismatics International, Dallas, 1996.
The coinage of several small Baltic states before they began to be absorbed by kingdoms. Includes
Livonian Order, Archbishops of Riga, Joint coinages of Knights and Archbishop, Bishopric of Dorpat,
Bishoprics of Oesel, Curland and Reval, Duchy of Curland, Teutonic Order of Knights in Prussia, and the
City of Riga. Most coins drawn or photographed and provided with full descriptions. Includes maps and
identification of coats of arms.
Davenport, John S. and Tyge Sondergaard. Large Size Silver Coins of the World. Published by the senior author,
Galesburg, Illinois, 1972.
A catalogue of multiple talers of the world.
th
Davidovich, E. A. Klad Mednikh Dzhagataidskikh Monet XIII v./ A Hoard of Copper Chagatayid Coins of the13
Century. Doklady Akademii Nauk Tadzhikskoi SSR, Number 6, pp. 35-38, 1949.
A hoard of copper broad dirhams struck in Otrar, AH 654-656.
Davidovich, E. A. Nadpisi na Sredneaziatskikh Serebryanykh Monetakh XVI v./ Legends on Central Asian Silver
th
Coins of the 16 Century. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume VII, pp. 30-40.
Reading of the legends of Shaybanid tankas from four rulers - Kuchunji, Abu Sa’id, ‘Ubayd Allah, ‘Abd
Allah II, and others. There are line drawings of six coin types from the four named rulers.
Davidovich, E. A. Termezskii Klad Mednykh Poserebrennykh Dirkhemov 617/1220 g/ A Hoard of Silver-washed
Copper Dirhams from Termez from 617/1220. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume VIII, pp. 43-55, 1953.
Two types of bronze broad dirhams from the reign of the Khwarizmshah Muhammad b. Tekish. Both types
are dated AH 617 and are from the Termez (Tirmidh) mint. The second type has a really nice bow and
arrow motif in the center of the obverse. Line drawings and descriptions of both types and lots of history.
Davidovich, E. A. Monetniye Nakhodki na Territorii Tadzhikistana v 1953 g./ Coin Finds in the Territory of
Tadjikistan in 1953. Dokladi Akademii Nauk Tadzhikskoi SSR, Number 11, pp. 69-79, 1954.
An analysis of hoards of Ghaznavid dirhams plus a list of other hoards found in 1953, including Sogdian
coins in Pendzhikent.
Davidovich, E. A. Vtoraya Moneta Samanida Nukha ibn Asada/ A Second Coin of the Samanid Nuh b. Asad.
43

Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XI, pp. 38-39, 1954.
The description of a rare copper fals in the Uzbekistan Museum of History in Tashkent. The coin was
found in Tashkent in 1947. It was struck in Binkat (Tashkent/al-Shash), but the date is missing. There is an
alif at the beginning, indicating either 1, 2 or 4 is the first word of the date, and it ends in mi’atin (200).
The date falls somewhere in the range of 211-224.
Davidovich, E. A. Numizmaticheskiye Materialy dlya Istorii Razvitiya Feodal’nikh Otnoshenii v Srednei Azii pri
Samanidakh/ Numismatic Material for the History of the Development of Feudal Relations in Central Asia
at the time of the Samanids. Trudy Akademii Nauk Tadzhikskoi SSR, Volume XXVII, pp. 69-117, 1954.
Includes Bukhara at the time of Nasr b. Ahmad, Shash (Tashkent) during the AH 250s -260s, the Samanids
th th
of Akhsikath (Ferghana Valley, 9 to the beginning of the 11 centuries), Ispijab, Nasrabad. There are coin
descriptions and genealogies throughout.
Davidovich, E. A. Ferganskiye Samanidy po Numizmaticheskim Dannym/ Samanids in Ferghana through
Numismatic Evidence. Epigrafika Vostoka, Vol. XI, pp. 14-26, 1956.
A short article about the Samanids of Akhsikath in the Ferghana Valley. Legends of some of the coins are
written out in the body of the text, but there are no formal coin descriptions or plates. The coins are all
copper.
Davidovich, E. A. Numizmaticheskiye Materialy dlya Khronologii i Genealogii Sredneaziatskikh Karakhanidov/
Numismatic Material for a Chronology and Genealogy of the Central Asian Qarakhanids.
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Ch. 2 [Trudy GIM, Vypusk 26, Moscow, pp. 91-119, 1957.
An early attempt to make sense of the myriad of names and titles on Qarakhanid coinage. There are some
coin legends and reconstructions of coins in the text. The work on chronology and genealogy is largely
superceded by Kochnev’s work.
Davidovich, E. A. Klad Sredneaziatskikh Pulov Pervoi Chetverti XVI v./ A Hoard of Central Asian Puls from the
th
First Quarter of the 16 Century. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. I, pp. 193-198, 1960.
A description of anonymous copper puls that appear to be from Bukhara from the first two decades of the
AH 900s (Shaybanid Dynasty). There is a drawing of one of the coins, and it actually has the denomination
pul on it.
Davidovich, E. A. Iz Oblasti Denezhnovo Obrashcheniya v Srednei Azii XI-XII vv./ Regional Monetary
Circulation in Central Asia in the 11th-12th Centuries. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Volume II, pp. 92-117,
1960.
An analysis of hoards of coins from Central Asia. Most of the coins discussed in the article are Qarakhanid.
There are no coin descriptions, but rather an analysis of the circulation patterns.
Davidovich, E. A. Samanidskiye Monety Kuby/ Samanid Coins of Quba. Sovyetskaya Arkheologiya 1960(2), pp.
254-257, 1960.
A description of three Samanid dirhams dated AH 341, 349 and 356 from the Quba/Kuba mint in Ferghana.
The legends are completely written out in Arabic. There are no photos or drawings.
Davidovich, E. A. Istoriya Monetnovo dela Srednei Azii XVII-XVIII vv. Zolotiye i Serebryaniye Moneti
th th
Dzhanidov) (The History of Coinage of Central Asia in the 17 and 18 centuries: Gold and Silver Coins
44

of the Janids). Academy of Science of Tadzhik SSSR, Dushanbe, 1964.
A detailed history of the coinage of the Islamic Janid dynasty of central Asia. Includes a good typology of
coins in gold and silver and has Arabic legends written out. Good photographic plates and many like
drawings of types in text.
Davidovich, E. A. Materiali dlya Kharacteristiki Chekana i Obrashcheniya Sredneaziatskikh Mednikh Monet XV
v./Materials for Characterizing the Striking and Conversion of Central Asian Copper Coinage of the 15 th
Century. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. V, pp. 225-248, 1965.
A description two large hoards (almost 2000 pieces) of copper coins of the Timurid and Shaybanid
dynasties found in southern Tadzhikistan. Includes thorough descripitions and analyses of the coins,
including Arabic inscriptions, countermarks, mints, dates. Photographic plates at the end of the article.
Probably the best work on these Central Asian coppers.
Davidovich, Elena A. Po Povodu Dvukh Kladov Mednykh Monet XV v. iz Tadzhikistana/ On Two Hoards of
th
Copper Coins of the 15 Century from Tadjikistan. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XVII, pp. 111-119, 1966.
The first hoard had 41 examples of coppers from Samarqand, AH 823, shown with nice line drawings and
legends written out. She shows two die varieties of the reverse with the date. The second hoard had 37
coins, one from Urdu, AH 861, and the others all from AH 832. The latter were from Bukhara, Andijan,
Karsh, Termiz, Shakhrukhi and Urdu. There are no line drawings of these, but they are described in the text
with Arabic legends written out.
Davidovich, Elena A. Denezhnoye Obrashchennie v Maverannakhre pri Samanidakh/ Monetary Circulation in
Transoxania. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. VI, pp. 103-134, 1966.
th
An analysis of circulation of gold, silver and copper coins of the Samanids in 10 century Central Asia.
The article does not contain coin descriptions, but rather is an analysis of hoards to examine the extent to
which coins circulated at the time.
th
Davidovich, E. A. Klad Serebryanikh Monet XVI v. iz Takzhikistana/A Hoard of 16 Century Silver Coins from
Tadzhikistan. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. VIII, pp. 67-80, 1970.
A hoard of silver coins of the Islamic Shaybanid dynasty. She describes the coins with full Arabic legends.
Includes three plates of photographs.
Davidovich, E. A. Denezhnoye Khozyaistvo Srednei Azii posle Mongol’skovo Zavoevaniya i reforma Mas’ud-
Beka (XIII v.) (Monetary Economy of Central Asia after the Mongol Conquest and the Reform of Mas’ud
th
Beg (13 Century). Academy of Science of the Tadzhik SSR and Academy of Science of the USSR,
Moscow, 1972.
Monetary history and description of coins of the Islamic Chaghatayid dynasty. Includes a good typology of
coins and has Arabic legends written out. A few photographic plates.
Davidovich, E. A. Denezhnaya Reforma Kuchkunji-Khana (XVI B.)/ Monetary Reform of Kuchkunji-Khan (16th
Century). Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. X, pp. 174-204, 1972.
Islamic coinage of the Shaybanid Kuchkunji. Includes many line drawings of coin types and full
descriptions with Arabic legends.
Davidovich, E. A. Denezhnoye Khozyaistvo na Territorii Yuzhnovo Tadzhikistana i Uzbekistana vo Vtorom
45

Desyatilyetii XVI v. (Materialy dlya Kharakteristiki obshchego i osobennogo v Denezhnom obrashchenii
raznikh oblastei Srednei Azii/Copper coin economy in the Territory of Southern Tadzhikistan and
Uzbekistan in the second decade of the XVIth Century (Material for the Characterization of general and
specific monetary matters in different parts of Central Asia). Numizmaticheskii Sbornik I, Part Five, pp. 7-
87. Trudi Gosudarstvennovo Ordena Lenina Istoricheskovo Muzeya, Moscow, 1977.
Description and analysis of central Asian copper coins during Shaybanid times. Her usual articles with nice
line drawings and full descriptions of types.
Davidovich, E. A. Novye Dannye po Istorii Samanidov (Klad Mednykh Monet IX X vv. iz Samarkanda/ New Data
th th
on the History of the Samanids (A Hoard of Copper Coins of the 9 - 10 Centuries from Samarqand). In
B. G. Gafurov and B. A. Litvinski, Srednaya Aziya v Drevnosti i Srednevekov’ye (Istoriya i Kul’tura),
Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, pp. 112-125, 1977.
A hoard of 125 copper fulus of the Samanids and Samanids of Akhsikath, mostly from the earliest part of
the dynasty, including some very rare types. Coins are from Samarqand, Usrushana, Shash, Akhsikath,
Binket, Bukhara, Tunket-Ilak, Ferakh, Fergana, Barab. Coins are fully described with Arabic legends
written out, and there are high-quality plates of the more noteworthy coins.
Davidovich, E. A. Kladi Drevnikh i Srednevekovikh Monet Tadzhikistana. (Hoards of Ancient and Medieval
Coins from Tadzhikistan). Published by the Soviet Academy of Science and the Tadzhikistan Academy of
Science, Moscow, 1979.
An analysis of 84 hoards, with ancients through 19th century Islamic. Includes ancient Greek, Kushan,
Kushan-Sasanian, Roman, Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid, Ghaznavid, Qarakhanid, Kharizmshahs, Ghorid of
Bamiyan (p. 232), Chaghatayid, Timurid, Amir of Qunduz, Shaybanid, Janid, Khans of Khoqand and Khans
of Khiva. Many photographic plates, full descriptions of many coins, index of mints.
Davidovich, E. A. Istoriya Denezhnovo Obrashcheniya Srednevekovoi Srednei Azii (Medniye Moneti XV - Pervoi
Chetverti XVI v v Maverannakhre)/History of Monetary Circulation in Medieval Central Asia (Copper
th th
Coins of the 15 - First Quarter of the 16 Century in Transoxania. Izdatel’stvo “Nauka” Glavnaya
Redaktsiya Vostochnoi Literatury, Moscow, 1983.
An in-depth treatment of the copper coinage of the Islamic Shaybanid and Timurid dynasties. The first part
of the book is a detailed typology of coin types and countermarks with lists of mints and dates. Arabic
legends are written out in full. The second part of the book is a detailed history of coin circulation and
metrology. All types are illustrated with line drawings in the text.
Davidovich, E. A. Klad Serebryanykh Monet (Tanga) Sheibanidov i Dzhanidov i Nekotoriye Voprosy Denezhnovo
Obrashcheniya v XVI - XVII vv./ A Hoard of Silver Coins (Tankas) of the Shaybanids and Janids and some
th th
Questions of the Monetary Circulation in the 16 - 17 Centuries. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XXIV,
pp. 78-93, 1988.
Description of a hoard of 55 Shaybanid and Janid tankas found in Denau, Uzbekistan. Coins fully
described with Arabic legends. Some of the coins are unique or very rare. The author analyzed the hoard
to address questions of weight and fineness of tankas, small tankas (Tangache) and Khanis at the time of the
Timurids and Shaybanids.
Davidovich, E. A. Karakhanidskiye Fel’sy Khudzhanda 390/999-1000 g. (Voprosy atributsii)/ Qarakhanid fulus of
Khujand dated AH 390 (Questions of Attribution). Near East and Georgia, Tbilisi, pp. 158-171, 1991.
The author examines three Qarakhanid fulus of Khujand 390. The are issues of Ahmad b. ‘Ali, the head of
46

the Qarakhanid dynasty, and mention his brother, Ahmad b. ‘Ali as his vassal. One of the coins had been
published by Lane-Poole in the BMC catalogues and read incorrectly.
Davidovich, E. A. Korpus Zolotyh i Serebryanyh Monet Sheibanidov, XVI Vek. (Corpus of Silver and Gold Coins
of the Shaybanids, 16th Century). Published by the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 1992. In
Russian.
An extensive treatment of the Islamic Shaybanid dynasty of central Asia (Uzbekistan). Based on a study of
over 2700 coins, includes full descriptions of coins with Arabic legends, tables cross-referencing all mint
and date combinations, and reasonable plates. Much historical text, but in Russian. The best reference on
the dynasty.
Davidovich, E. A. Mukhammad b. Tekesh i Poslediniye Karakhanidy (Numizmaticheskie Korrektivy/
Muhammad bin Tekish and the Following Qarakhanids (Numismatic Corrections). Vostochnoe
Istoricheskoe Istochnikovedenie i Spetsial’nye Istoricheskiye Distsipliny Vol. 2, pp. 172-199, 1994.
A discussion of the attribution of copper coinage from the early seventh century AH of the Kharizmshah
Muhammad bin Tekish and contemporary Qarakhanids. Much of the discussion focuses on the different
epithets found on the broad copper coinage. The article is not a catalogue or description of coins, but there
are many legends written out in Arabic in the text. No coins are illustrated.
Davidovich, E. A. Noviye dirkhemy Akhsiketa - dlya istorii Kharakhanidov pervoi chetverti XI v./Newly found
st th
dirhams of Akhsikat - for the history of the 1 quarter of the 11 Century AD. Vostochnoe Istoricheskoe
Istochnikovedenie i Spetsial’nie Istoricheskie Distsipliny Vol. 4, pp. 97-118, 1995.
A description of 37 Qarakhanid dirhams struck in Akhsikat (Ferghana). Includes full Arabic inscriptions
and tables of legends.
Davidovich, E. A. O Standartakh Chistoty i Vesovikh Standartakh Serebryanykh Monet Timura i Timuridov
(konyets XIV-XV vv./On the Standards of Fineness and Weight Standards of the Timur and Timurid Silver
Coins (late 14th-15th centuries AD. Vostochnoe Istoricheskoe Istochnikovedeniy i Spetsial’nie
Istoricheskie Distsipliny Vol. 4, pp. 119-154, 1995.
An analysis of the numismatic history of the early Timurids. There are some tables of coin legends, but no
descriptions of specific coins.
Davidovich, E. A. Narshakhi i Kubavi o Reforme Gitrifa, Metalle i Kurse Monet Gitrifi (Otsenka dostovernocti
Soobshchenii/Narshakhi and Qubawi on Ghitrif’s Reform, The Metallic Content and Circulation of the
Ghitrifi Coins (estimation of authenticity of reports). Vostochnoe Istoricheskoe Istochnikovedenie i
Spetsial’nie Istoricheskie Distsipliny Vol. 5, Moscow, pp. 17-69, 1997.
An extensive review of contemporary literature on the metallic content of one class of Arab-Bukharan
coins. English summary, no coin descriptions.
Davidovich, Elena A. Monety Mukhammada b. Tekesha (1200-1200) iz Klada, Naidennovo na Territorii Starovo
Termeza/ Coins of Muhammad b. Takish (1200-1220) from a Hoard Found on the Site of Stary Termez.
Vostochnoe Istoricheskoe Istochnikovedenie i Spetsial’nie Istoricheskie Distsipliny Vol. 5, Moscow, pp.
189-203, 1997.
Previously unknown coins of the Khwarizmshah Muhammad bin Tekesh from Termez, Balkh, Chaganiyan,
and Samarqand. Full descriptions with legends written out, nice line drawings of types. English summary.
47

[Davidovich, Elena A.] Bibliografiya Pechatnykh Rabot Eleny A. Davidovich/ Bibliography of Published Works of
Elena A. Davidovich. In Antinova, E. V. And T. K. Kmrtychev, Tsentral’naya Aziya: Istochniki, Istoriya,
Kul’tura, Izdatel’skaya Firma Vostochnaya Literatura RAN, Moscow, pp. 20-32, 2005.
List of Davidovich’s published works.
Davidovich, Elena A., A. E. Zhiravov and V. N. Kleshchinov. Serebryanye Monety Mukhammad-Sheibani-Khana
907-916 gg.kh. (1501-1510 gg.)/ Silver Coins of Muhammad-Shaybani-Khan 907-916 AH (1501-1510
AD). Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oriental Studies, Moscow, 2006.
A major addition to our knowledge of Shaybanid coins of Muhammad Shaybani since Davidovich’s original
work on this dynasty in 1992. There are wonderful photographs of coins from 18 different mints. Another
important contribution from Prof. Davidovich.
Davis, W. J. The Nineteenth Century Token Coinage of great Britain, Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of
Man, to which are Added Tokens of over One Penny of any Period. Reprint of original 1904 edition by B.
A. Seaby Ltd., London, and Sanford J. Durst, New York, 1979.
The standard reference on tokens, particularly copper ones, of the British isles. It includes countermarks on
coins from the period. In addition to a description of the tokens, there are historical notes on the entities
who issued the pieces.
Davisson, Allan. Token Catalog and Handbook. 18th Century Tokens as Catalogued by Dalton and Hamer and
selected other Britiesh Tokens. Published by the author, Cold Spring, Minnesota, 1991.
An extensive listing of British tokens for sale with historical information, an annotated bibliography of
literature related to British tokens, and other information related to collecting and care of tokens. The
tokens include a few medieval types, including 13th century sewn tokens.
De La Tour, Henri. Atlas de Monnaies Gauloises. Original published by E. Plon, Nourrit et Cie, Paris, 1892.
Reprinted by Lund Humphries for Spink & Son, London, 1968
Fifty-five plates of line drawings of Celtic coins. The only text is a brief description of the coins on the
plates and an alphabetical index. Each coin is attributed to the Celtic tribe that issued it. A standard
reference.
Delmonte, A. Le Benelux D'Or. Jacques Schulman N.V., Amsterdam, 1964. In French and Dutch.
Gold coinage of the low countries from Celtic and Merovingian times until the present. Includes Belgium,
the Netherlands and Luxembourg, as well as all subdivisions.
Delmonte, A. Le Benelux D'Argent. Jacques Schulman N.V.,Amsterdam, 1967. In French, Dutch and English.
Crowns, Half-crowns, quarter crowns and siege coins struck in the territories of the former Northern and
Southern Netherlands. 1506 until the early 19th century.
Delmonte, A. Supplement au Benelux D'Argent. Jacques Schulman N.V., Amsterdam, 1975. In French, Dutch
and English.
A supplement to the earlier book on silver coinage of the low countries. It includes many new types and
new dates, as well as updated rarity figures.
48

De Mey, Jean. Les Monnaies des Ducs de Brabant. I. (1106-1467). Numismatic Pocket No. 1, De Mey,
Watermael, Belgium, 1974.
Coinage of the Low Countries, Brabant (Belgium and the Netherlands).
De Mey, Jean. Les Monnaies de Reckheim (1340?-1720). Numismatic Pocket No. 6, De Mey, Brussels, 1968.
Coinage of Belgium, Reckheim.
De Mey, Jean. Les Monnaies des Ducs de Brabant. II. 1467-1598 Numismatic Pocket No. 7, De Mey, Brussels,
1976.
Coinage of the Low Countries, Brabant (Belgium and the Netherlands).
De Mey, Jean. De Zeeuwse Munten. Numismatic Pocket No. 8, De Mey, Brussels, 1969. In Dutch.
Coinage of Zeeland (1168-1795), Middelburg (1572-74), Zierikzee (1575-76), Dutch East India Company
(VOC) (1602-1794), and the Batavian Republic (1795-98). Netherlands.
De Mey, Jean. Les Monnaies de Bretagne (781-1547). Numismatic Pocket No. 10, De Mey, Brussels, 1970.
Coinage of Brittany, France.
De Mey, Jean. Les Monnaies de Namur (946-1714). Numismatic Pocket No. 11, De Mey, Brussels, 1971.
Coinage of Namur, Belgium.
De Mey, Jean. Les Monnaies de Bourgogne. Numismatic Pocket No. 14, De Mey, Brussels, 1973.
Coinage of Bourgogne (Burgundy), France, 900-1750.
De Mey, Jean. Les Monnaies du Comtat Venaissin. Numismatic Pocket No. 19, De Mey, Brussels, 1975.
Coinage of Avignon (1239-1696), including popes and anti-popes, and Orange (1182-1679). France.
De Mey, Jean. Les Monnaies du Tournaisis. Numismatic Pocket No. 20, De Mey, Brussels, 1975.
Coinage of Tournai (France and Belgium), 500-1709.
De Mey, Jean. Les Monnaies d'Alsace. Numismatic Pocket No. 23. De Mey, Brussels, 1976.
Upper Alsace (1406-1634), Bergheim, Colmar (1226-1705), Hagenau (1374-1705), Hanau Lichtenberg
(1570-1736), Landau (siege coinage, 1702 and 1713), Montjoie/Froberg (1552-1578), Mulhouse, Murbach
& Lure (1542-1682), Selz (1039-1161), Thann, and Wissembourg (1100-1633),
De Mey, Jean. Les Monnaies de Strasbourg. Numismatic Pocket No. 24. De Mey, Brussels, 1976.
A continuation of NP No. 23 on Alsace, covering Altdorf, Molsheim, Strasbourg Bishopric (Merovingian to
1779), City of Strasbourg (1273-1590).
De Mey, Jean and Bernard Poindessault. Repertoire de la Numismatique Francaise Contemporaine 1793 a nos
Jours. De Mey, Brussels and Paris, 1972.
49

A detailed catalogue of modern French coins with much information that is not found in Krause. Values in
four grades.
De Mey, Jean and Andre Van Keymeulen. Les Monnaies de Brabant. III. 1598-1790. Numismatic Pocket No.
18, De Mey, Brussels, 1974.
Coinage of the Low Countries, Brabant (Belgium, the Netherlands).
Den Duyts, F. Les Anciennes Monnaies des Comtes de Flandre, Ducs de Brabant, Comtes de Hainaut, Comtes de
Namur, et Ducs de Luxembourg. Annoot-Braeckman, Gand (Ghent), Belgium, 1847. Reprint by Alfred
Szego, Oakdale, New York, 1972.
Brabant (12th Century-1555), Flanders (12th Century-1584), Hainaut (1206-1467), Namur (1139-1555),
and Luxembourg (1309-1411). Low Countries, Belgium, Netherlands.
th
Dennis, M. Wayne. Guide Bood of Wooden Money, 1931 - 1994, 8 Edition. Published by the author, Henderson,
Nevada, 1995.
A brief history of wooden money, followed by a listing of all types known by the author. Includes only
legally authorized issues, not advertising pieces. Not illustrated. Very useful and important.
De Pauw, R. Connaissance de la Numismatique. Numismatic Pocket No. 17, De Mey, Brussels, 1973.
An introduction to the study of numismatics. Includes discussion of metals, mintmarks, methods of
manufacture, and history of evolution of coinage throughout the world.
De Saulcy, F. Recherches sur les Monnaies des ducs Hereditaires de Lorraine. Originally published Metz, 1841.
Reprinted by A. G. van der Dussen, Maastricht.
The coinage of the dukes of Lorraine, from 1048 until 1737. Each duke is given a nice historical treatment,
and there are full descriptions of the coins of each. There are 36 plates of line drawings.
De Saulcy, Louis Felicien. Numismatique des Croisades. Originally published by Firmin Didot Freres, Paris,
1847. Reprinted by Arnoldo Forni Editore, Bologna, 1974.
A reprint of one of the classic early numismatic works on the Crusades. There is extensive historical
th
information under each ruler. The plates are line drawings typical of many 19 century French publications.
For the coins themselves, the book has long been superceded by Schlumberger and Metcalf.
De Shazo, A. S. and Michael L. Bates. The Umayyad Governors of al-Iraq and the Changing Annulet Patterns of
their Dirhams. Numismatic Chronicle, Seventh Series, Vol. XIV, pp. 110-118, 1974.
An analysis of Iraqi dirhams of the Umayyads. The change in annulet patterns, including the three types of
Wasit 126, correspond to changes in governors in al-Iraq. Presence or absence of the word “fi” in the mintdate
formula also corresponds to a change in governors. Neat paper.
Deutsche Bank. Geld. Second Edition. Deutsche Bank, Frankfurt am Main, 1983.
A wonderful, richly-illustrated book on the history of money worldwide. Includes coins and banknotes.
Each chapter contains an overview of the subject matter, then there are photos of selected coins and detailed
descriptions of the coins and their historical background.
50

Deutsche Bank. Austellung Geld: Eine Kulturgeschichte des Geldes. Deutsche Bank, Frankfurt am Main, 1988.
A nice booklet accompanying a bank exhibit of the history of money. Includes coins and banknotes.
Deutsche Bundesbank. Brakteaten der Stauferzeit, 1138 - 1254. Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt am Main, 1977.
A beautiful catalogue of 106 Bracteates from medieval Germany. There is a good introductory numismatic
history of the time, a discussion of the images found on bracteates, and a nice explanation of how bracteates
were manufactured. The catalogue itself is simply outstanding. Each coin is pictured at actual size and
greatly enlarged. For each coin there is not only a full description, but also information about the
importance of the town where the coin originated, the meaning of the design, the significance of the issuer,
etc. The photos are simply spectacular. Another outstanding bank publication.
De Widranges, M. le Comte Hippolyte. Des Anneaux it des Rouelles, antique Monnaie des Gaulois. Laguerre,
Bar-le-Duc, 1861. Modern Reprint.
A mongraph on wheel and ring money of Celtic Gaul. Includes descriptions of gold, silver and base metal
varieties. Each variety is illustrated and fully described. There is a short historical introduction.
Deyell, John S. Living without Silver - The Monetary History of Early Medieval North India. Oxford University
Press, Delhi, 1990.
A history of money in northern India (and Afghanistan) from 750-1250. It is not a comprehensive
catalogue, although there are good plates of ca. 350 coins. It is primarily concerned with the bull and
horseman coinage, although other Islamic types are included as well. Much of the book is outside of
Album's checklist, but some of his dynasties are included.
Diler, Ömer. Sehir Lakaplari/ Titles and Epithets of Islamic Towns. Published by the author, Istanbul. 2001.
The main body of the book is a comprehensive listing of mint names and the various epithets that were
associated with them. Many are accompanied by photos of coins illustrating particular mints or epithets.
There is an index of epithets and the towns they modified, with synonyms of mint towns also included (e.g.
Shash = Binkat), a glossary that defines the epithets in English, and a table of locations of mint towns with
latitude and longitude. Finally, there is an extensive bibliography of where coins with different epithets
were seen, including a substantial number of Album’s price lists and other catalogues and lists. The book is
generally a modern version of Zambaur and Codrington without the associations of mint names with
particular dynasties or dates of issue (see Zambaur).
Diler, Ömer. Ilkhans: Coinage of the Persian Mongols. Turkuaz Kitapcilik Yayincilik Limited Sirketi, Istabul,
2006.
Fantastic type catalogue of Ilkhan coins. After an introductory section including an overview of the Ilkhan
financial system and a description of legends on the coins (including Divani numerals, names of months,
astrological star signs), there is a map of mint locations and a listing of all mints with variations in spelling,
epithets, and all known dates and metals of coins struck from each mint. This is followed by an extensive
listing of 838 types of gold, silver and copper coins, each type with a line drawing, list of mints and dates
for each type. Many of the types should be considered varieties or subtypes of the general breakdown of
Album’s types. The types are arranged sequentially by ruler, with a brief history of each reign and a map of
mints for each reign. There are also lists of countermarks for some reigns. At the end there is a glossary of
all legends and titles with translations into English, bibliographies, including sources for most of the coins,
and twelve high-quality plates.
51

Diler, Ömer. Islamic Mints/ Islam darp yerleri. Three Volumes. Istanbul, 2009, distributed by Spink, London.
A magnificent three-volume work edited and published posthumously by Diler’s wife, Emine Nur, Garo
Kürkman and J. C. Hinrichs. The first two volumes are an alphabetical (Arabic alphabet) listing of all
Islamic mints known to Diler, including Indian mints, with known mint epithets. For each mint there is a
comprehensive table with all dynasties that issues coins from the mint and the years for which coins are
known in all three metals. Mint names are given in English, Turkish and Arabic. For each tabular entry
there is a reference to the literature in which a coin bearing the mint and date is published. There are
thousands of footnotes, many of which identify the ruler named on the coin. Volume 3 is an alphabetical
listing of dynasties, within which is an alphabetical listing (not chronological) of rulers with their dates.
There is a numbered bibliography of 1623 references. The numbered references are not alphabetical, but
there follows another alphabetical listing of references that does not include all those listed in the numbered
bibliography. Finally, there is a series of eight maps, some of which fold out, showing the location of all of
the mints. All in all, this is a very important reference work that has instantly made Zambaur’s work on
Islamic mints almost obsolete.
Dimitrijevic, Sergije. Medieval Serbian Coins. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, 1997.
A fantastic catalogue of a private collection of medieval Serbian coins. Most of the coins are shown in
enlarged photographs, and the legends are written out. There is a good historical overview of medieval
Serbia including emphasis on the towns in which coins were minted. There are also nice photos of towns in
Serbia. One of my top five books on eastern Europe. Bilingual (Cyrillic Serbo-Croatian and English).
Dimitrijevic, Sergije. Katalog Zbirke Srpskog Srednovekovnog Novtsa/ Catalogue of a Collection of Medieval
Coins of Serbia. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Belgrade, 2001.
Catalogue of approximately 1800 coins from Serbia and Bosnia from the collection of the author (who died
in 1987, so it is obviously a posthumous publication). It is nicely laid out with photos of every coin,
obverse and reverse, and descriptions of the legends, weights, etc. The only negative is that the coins are
mostly photographed at actual (small) size, and it is hard to see the details on such small photos. The book
is almost completely catalogue with very little text, so it is easy to use if not fluent in Serbo-Croatian, here
written in Cyrillic.
Dittrich, K. Ancient Coins from Olbia and Panticapaeum. Spring Books, London, No Date.
A very brief historical overview of the Greeks on the north shore of the Black Sea followed by enlarged
black and white photos of coins. It is not comprehensive, but it does show the variety of coins from these
two areas of present-day Ukraine.
Djaparidze, G. I. Nouvelles Additions a l’Ouvrage de Zambaur, Die Muenzpraegungen des Islams. Reprint from
Bulletin d’Etudes Orientales, Vol. XXXII-XXXIII, pp. 89-97, 1980-1981.
A listing of 110 Islamic mints not found in Zambaur’s original work or in Miles’s additions. An important
contribution, especially since many of the mints are from the Russian literature, often inaccessible to the
west.
Djaparidze, G. I. Zolotiye Moneti v Irake v VIII-XI vv./ Gold Coins in Iraq in the 8th-11th Centuries.
Vostochnoye Istoricheskoye Istochnikovedniye i Spetsial’niye Istoricheskiye Distsiplini Vol. 2, pp.200-227,
1994.
Not a catalogue or description of coins. The work is primarily based on a large hoard of coins, most of
which were Abbasid, Samanid, Buwayhid and Tulunid dinars. No illustrations.
52

Djaparidze, G. I. Gruzinskie Monety XII v. c arabskimi legendami (Mednie Monety c imenem tsarya Davida:
voprosy atributsii/Copper Coins with the Name of King Dawith: the issue of attribution. Vostochnoe
Istoricheskoe Istochnikovednie i Spetsial’nie Istoricheskie Distsipliny Vol. 4, pp. 155-161, 1995.
A reattribution of Georgian coins with Arabic legends formerly thought to be struck by Davith IV (1089-
1125). The author contends that a previous reading of the Arabic legend referring to a Seljuq is incorrect
and that the coins are actually attributed to Davith V, who ruled for six months in 1155 AD.
Djaparidze, G. I. O Monetakh Tbilisskogo Emira Ali b. Dzha’fara/ On the Coins of Ali b. Dja’far, Amir of Tbilisi.
Vostochnoe Istoricheskoe Istochnikovedenie i Spetsial’nie Istoricheskie Distsipliny Vol. 5, Moscow,
pp.204-216, 1997.
Coins of the Ja’farid dynasty, Amirs of Tbilisi. Photos, legends written out. English summary.
Djaparidze, G. I. On the Coins of the Tbilisi Amir ‘Ali b. Ga’far. Reprint from Bulletin d’Etudes Orientales,
Volume L, pp. 97-107, 1998.
An English treatment of the coins discussed in his 1997 Russian paper. Nicely done with high-quality
photos.
Djaparidze, G. I. and I. G. Dobrovol’skii. O Nekotorykh Abbasidskikh Monetakh s Izobrazheniyami Zhivykh
Sushchestv v Sobranii Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha/ On Some Abbasid Coins with Images of Living
Beings in the Collection of the State Hermitage. Near East and Georgia, pp. 143-153, 1991.
The authors describe two bull and horseman jitals of al-Muqtadir, a bull and horseman coin in gold (unique)
of al-Muti, rare and unique silver coins of the same caliphs with images of a hare, and a unique dinar of al-
Muqtadir, Madinat es-Salam 304, with a falcon on the obverse and a Bactrian camel on the reverse. There
are photos of all coins.
Dmitriev, M. A. Fantasticheskiye Zhivotnye na Starinnykh Monetakh/ Fantastic Animals on Ancient Coins.
Numizmatika No. 1 (20), pp. 10-11, February, 2009.
Nice selection of ancient coins and medieval Russian coins with winged horses, lion-headed bulls,
hippogryphs, centaurs, and other sorts of beasts.
Dobrovolskii, I. G. Redkie Gruzinskie Monety v Sobranii Ermitazha/ Rare Georgian Coins in the Hermitage
Collection. Proshloe Nashei Rodiny v Pamyatnikakh Numizmatiki, Gosudarstvennii Ordena Lenina
Ermitazh, Leningrad, pp.161-168, 1977.
Photos and descriptions of nine Georgian coins from the Hermitage collection. These include an imitation
Sasanian drachm in the name of Stephanos II, 2 Abbasid dirhams from Tiflis, a Jafarid dirham from Tiflis,
and Bagratid coins of Georgii II, Rusudan and David Narin. Transliterated legends can be found in the text.
Dobrynin, M. A. Stikhotvorniye Legendy na Monetakh Sefevidov/ Distich Legends on Coins of the Safavids.
Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume VIII, pp. 62 - 76, 1953.
Translation into Russian of rhymed Persian couplets on Safavid coins. The translations rhyme in Russian.
Cool!
Dochev, Konstantin. Moneti i Parichno ob’rscheniye v T’rnovo XII-XIV v./Coins and coin circulation in T’rnovo
in the 12th-14th centuries. F “Vital” Veliko T’rnovo, 1992.
53

A description of medieval Bulgarian coinage from T’rnovo. The coins are mostly copper. Coins are fully
described in the text, and there are line drawings of design variants in a series of tables. Decent
photographic plates. In Bulgarian, but still very useful.
Dolivo, Dimitri. Catalogue des Monnaies Suisses. II. Les Monnaies de l'Eveche de Lausanne. Societe Suisse de
Numismatique, Berne, 1961. Reprint by Johnson Reprint Company, New York, 1967.
Coinage of Lausanne, Switzerland, 1100-1536.
Dolley, Michael. Anglo-Saxon Pennies. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 1964. Reprinted by Oxford
University Press, 1970.
An overview of Anglo-Saxon coinage with photographs of representative types.
Dolley, Michael. Viking Coins of the Danelaw and of Dublin. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 1965.
An overview of the Viking coinages of England and Ireland, with photographs of representative types.
Dolley, Michael. The Hiberno-Norse Coins in the British Museum. Sylloge of Coins of the British Isles, No. 8.
Trustees of the British Museum, London, 1966.
One of the standard references on Hiberno-Norse coinage of Ireland and the basis for the different phases
used by Seaby. Over 250 coins described and photographed. Detailed history and numismatic analysis.
Dolley, Michael. The Norman Conquest and the English Coinage. Spink & Son, London, 1966.
A history of the coinage of William I and his sons, including a discussion of the chronology of the coins
attributed to William I and II and to Henry I. England.
Dolley, Michael. Medieval Anglo-Irish Coins. B. A. Seaby, London, 1972.
A history of Irish coinage under the English kings, from King John through James I. An in-depth coverage
of economic history of the times explaining the influence of English-Irish relations on the coinage of
Ireland.
Domenech Belda, Carolina and Julio Trelis Marti. Hallazgos Numismaticos de Epoca Islamica en Crevillente
(Alicante). III. Jarique de Numismatica Hispano-Arabe. Museo Arqueologico Nacional, Madrid, pp. 333-
345, 1990.
Description of Spanish Umayyad and other Islamic coins from finds in Crevillente. Some legends are
written out. Includes Muwahhid, Fatimid, and others.
Domaszewicz, Lidia and Michael L. Bates. Copper Coinage of Egypt in the Seventh Century. In: Jere L.
Bacharach (editor), Fustat Finds: Beads, Coin, Medical Instruments, Textiles, and Other Artifacts from the
Awad Collection. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, pp. 88-111, 2002.
Discussion and categorization of ten types of thick dumpy copper coins from Egypt. All are of Byzantine
style. Five types were determined to be Roman Byzantine issues, three were Byzantine types struck under
Arab rule, and two were of uncertain attribution. Thirty-four coins from the ANS collection are illustrated.
Nice detailed study of these early Byzantine and Arab-Byzantine coppers.
Doo, Roger Wai San. Sichou zhi lu guguo Qianbi/Coins of the Ancient Kingdoms on the Silk Road. China, 1992.
54

A booklet in Chinese on Silk Road coins. Includes. Elam, Sasanian, Hephthalite, and Islamic coins.
Perhaps its greatest usefulness is a long table of mint names found on Sasanian coins and a few lists of
rulers for other dynasties. Not many illustrations.
Doo, Roger Wai San. Ban Liang Kao/ Catalog of Pan liang. Volume 1, Discussion, and Volume 2, Catalog.
Shanghai Books & Fine Art Publication Co., Shanghai, 2000.
The most in-depth study of the Pan liang coinage of China in all its sizes and varieties. The book is entirely
in Chinese, but with a bit of effort, it is possible to ferret out the sequence of types and maybe even the
dynasties to which they belong. The book seems sufficiently important that a translation into a western
language would be a worthy undertaking.
Dorn, Bernhard. Ueber die Muenzen der Ileke oder ehemaligan Chane von Turkistan. Melanges Asiatiques tires du
Bulletin de l’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg 8, pp. 703-744, 1880. Reprinted in
Numismatics of the Islamic World, Volume 30, Studies in Oriental Coins by Bernhard Dorn, Institute for
the History of Arabic-Islamic Science of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main,
2004.
Description of 141 coins of the Qarakhanids with a tentative list of Khans issuing coinage. One of the
earliest attempts at a comprehensive overview of the Qarakhanids.
Dorn, Bernhard. Nachtraege zu der Abhandlung ueber die Muenzen der Ileke oder ehemaligen Chane von
Turkistan. Melanges Asiatiques tires du Bulletin de l’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg
9, pp. 55-73, 1880. Reprinted in Numismatics of the Islamic World, Volume 30, Studies in Oriental Coins
by Bernhard Dorn, Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe
University, Frankfurt am Main, 2004.
Follow-up to his earlier work on Qarakhanids. Only two more coins described. Provides further historical
overview of the numismatics of the dynasty and provides a list of mints and rulers known to him.
Doursther, Horace. Dictionnaire Universel des Poids et Mesures Anciens et Modernes, Contenant des Tables des
Monnaies de Tous les Pays. Originally Published by M. Hayez, Imprimeur de l’Academie Royale, 1840.
Reprinted by Meridian Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1976.
An extensive listing of weights and measures and their equivalents throughout history. Also includes
weights of coins of various denominations. Not a numismatic work per se, but important for understanding
the economics of coins.
Dowle, Anthony and Patrick Finn. The Guide Book to the Coinage of Ireland from 995 AD to the Present Day.
Spink & Son, London, 1969.
Hiberno-Norse through modern coinage of Ireland with valuations.
Drescher, Franz. Die Muenzen von Bayern, 1506-1799. Verlag Franz Drescher, Bad Reichenhall, 1983.
A nice catalogue of Bavarian coinage. It includes many coins that aren’t in other catalogues, including post
1600 coins that are not in the Krause German catalogue. There are keys to identification, reasonable, but
not great, photos, some line drawings, legends written out, brief historical outlines of each ruler.
Drias, al-Akhdar. Corpus des Monnaies Arabo-Musulmanes dans les Musees Algeriens. Vol 1. Musees de l’est
Algerien. Published by the Musee National des Antiquites, Algiers, 1999. Photocopy, in French and
Arabic.
55

Descriptions of 200 Islamic coins, mostly north African, from Algerian museums. Dynasties include
Murabitid/Almoravid (1-16), Muwahhid/Almohade (17-28, 79-84, 178-188), Merinid (29-32, 191-197),
modern Algeria (33-35), Ottoman (36-37), Tunisia (39-56), Umayyad (57-62), Aghlabid (63-66), Fatimid
(67-78), Hafsid (85-86, 189), Merinid (87-91), Ottoman Tunisia (92-114, 129-173), Algeria under Ahmed
Bey (115-127), Algeria under ‘Abd al-Qader (128), Morocco/’Alawi (174-176), Egypt (177), Ziyanid
(190), Ottoman Algeria (198-200). The catalogue is organized by museum, so dynasties are represented in
different places in the catalogue.
Drias, al-Akhdar. Corpus des Monnaies Arabo-Musulmanes dans les Musees Algeriens. Vol II. Musees de l’ouest
Algeriens. Published by the Musee National des Antiquites, Algiers, 2000. Photocopy, in French and
Arabic.
Descriptions of 252 Islamic coins, mostly north African, from Algerian museums. Dynasties include
Umayyad (1-2), Abbasid (3-6), Aghlabid (7-14, 210-213), Murabitid/Almoravid (15-25),
Muwahhid/Almohades (26-37, 216-243), Hafsid (38), Ziyanid (39-41), Merinid (42-43), Banu al-Ahmar,
Gharnata (44-45), Mamluk (46), Ottoman Egypt (47-48), Ottoman (49-83), Ottoman Algeria (84-169),
Algeria under ‘Abd al-Qader (170-174), Ottoman Tunisia (175-185), Sa’adian Sharifs (186), ‘Alawi Sharifs
(187-209), Hudid (244-246), Nasrid (247-252).
Ducmane, Kristine and Evalds Vecins. Nauda Latvija/ Coins and Banknotes of Latvia. Latvijas Banka, Riga,
1996.
A fantastic bank publication outlining the history of coinage and banknotes in Latvia. It is an overview of
the coinage, not a comprehensive catalogue. It is written in Latvian, but there are summaries in English,
German and Russian, and the legends to the photographs are translated into all of those languages at the end
of the book. A high quality richly-illustrated publication.
Duggleby, Vincent. English Paper Money, Fourth Edition. Spink & Son, London, 1990.
The standard reference. Decent historical overviews from earliest currency in 1694 to the present. With
valuations.
Dundua, G. F. Numizmatika Antichnoi Gruzii/ Ancient Coins of Georgia. Metsniyereba, Tbilisi, 1987.
An overview of the numismatic history of ancient Georgia. It is mostly text and tables, with a few Greek
legends scattered throughout the text. The only line drawings and photos are of very interesting imitations
of Alexander the Great (Macedon) staters. There is an extensive bibliography.
Dutkowski, Jaroslav and Adam Suchanek. Corpus Nummorum Gedanensis: Catalogue of Coins, Medals and
Tokens of Gdansk Origin and these associated with Gdansk in the Years 1200-1998. Drukarnia Triada,
Gdansk, 2000.
Very well done bilingual (Polish and English) catalogue of coins struck in and circulated in the City of
Danzig. It includes early bracteates of the Principality of Gdansk and East Pomerania, Teutonic Order,
Kingdom of Poland, Prussian Occupation, Free City (under French occupation), private tokens and badges
th th
of the 19 and 20 century, Notgeld, Free City of Gdansk (1919-1939), People’s Republic of Poland,
medals and official tokens. The catalogue has values in three grades, writes out full legends of all the coins
and medals, and has decent photos throughout the text with the coin descriptions. Excellent book.
Dzhalaganiya, Irina Levanovna. Iz Istorii Monetnogo Dela v Gruzii XIII Veka/ On the Monetary History of Georgia
th
in the 13 Century. Akademiya Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR, Tbilisi, 1958. In Russian with an English summary.
56

A numismatic history of a pivotal period of the history of Georgia. It begins with anonymous Mongol
coinage of Tiflis and other mints, then has national Georgian coinage, Georgia and the Great Khans,
Georgian coinage under the Ilkhans, and coinage with the name of Georgian Tsars. There are photos of 52
coins, tables of coins and dates, a list of coin hoards. More of a narrative history than a catalogue, but there
are coin descriptions within the text.
Dzhalaganiya, Irina Levanovna. Inozemnaya Moneta v Denezhnom Obrashchenii Gruzii V-XIII vv/Foreign Coins
and Monetary Circulation in Georgia in the 5th-13th Centuries. Izdatel’stvo Metsniyereba, Tbilisi, 1979.
Russian text covering Sasanian, Abbasid, Aghlabid, Sajid, Ilkhan, Artuqid, Zengid, Idrisid, Ildegizid, Rum
Seljuq, Sulamid, Umayyad, and others. It is more a century-by-century account of monetary affairs in
Georgia than a catalogue. Several maps, many mediocre photographic plates.
Dzhalaganiya, Irina Levanovna. Monetnoe Delo i Denezhnoe Obrashcheniye Gruzii V - XIII vv po
th th
Numizmaticheskim Dannym./ Monetary Affairs and Coin Circulation in Georgia in the 5 - 13 Centuries
from Numismatic Evidence. Avtoreferat (Abstract) of her Doctoral Dissertation, Soviet Academy of
Science, Institute of Archaeology, Moscow, 48 pp., 1981.
Overview of Georgian coinage. The abstract has no coin descriptions or illustrations, but is rather a lengthy
summary of the thesis itself.
Eagleton, Catherine and Jonathan Williams. Money: A History. Firefly Books, Buffalo, 2007.
The second edition of a book published to accompany the opening of the HSBC Money Gallery in the
British Museum. This edition marks the tenth anniversary of its opening. A richly illustrated overview of
meney, with chapters on Mesopotamia, Greece and Egypt, Rome, Medieval Europe, the Islamic lands, India
and Southeast Asia, China and the East, Early modern, Africa and Oceania, and the modern period.
Edhem, Halil. Meskukat-i Kadime-i Islamiye Katalogu, Meskukat-i Osmaniye. Catalogue of Coins of the
Imperial Ottoman Museum, Part 6. Constantinople, 1334/1915.
An early catalogue of Islamic Ottoman coins. Includes a lot of copper. Legends fully written out. Many
photographic plates, but photocopy didn’t do them justice. In Ottoman Turkish.
Egg, Erich. Der Tiroler Taler. Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, 1972.
An excellent overview of the coinage of Hall, Tirol, Austria, from 1477 to 1809. The book accompanied a
museum exhibit. There is good historical coverage and many plates of coins, mostly talers.
Eklund, O. P. Copper Coins of Austria-Hungary. Reprinted from The Numismatist, Olympic Press, Salina,
Kansas, 1962.
Copper coins of Austria and Hungary, including the Holy Roman Empire from 1745, the Austrian Empire
from 1806, Burgau, Goritz, Salzburg, Tyrol, Hungary from 1704, Croatia, Galizia and Lodomeria,
Transylvania, Bohemia.
Eklund, O. P. Copper Coins of Central and South America. Reprinted from The Numismatist, Olympic Press,
Salina, Kansas.
Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Union of Central America, Venezuela,
Colombia, Guiana, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Cuba, Haiti,
Dominican Republic.
57

Eklund, O. P. Copper Coins of Denmark and her Possessions. Reprinted from The Numismatist, Olympic Press,
Salina, Kansas.
Denmark from 1588, Christianstad, Schleswig Holstein, Iceland, Greenland, Danish West India, Danish
East India (Tranquebar).
Eklund, O. P. Copper Coins of France. Reprinted from The Numismatist, Olympic Press, Salina, Kansas.
Coins of France, from 1574, copper tokens, French Colonies, Martinique, Haiti, New Caledonia, Cochin-
China, Tonkin, Cambodia, Pondicherry, Syria, Cameroun, West Africa, Morocco, Tunis, Egypt, Comoro
Island, Madagascar, and some feudal coinage.
Eklund, O. P. Copper Coins of German States. Reprinted from The Numismatist, Olympic Press, Salina, Kansas.
German states.
Eklund, O. P. Copper Coins of Italy Excluding The Coins of Papal States. Reprinted from The Numismatist,
Olympic Press, Salina, Kansas.
Copper coins of Italy and Italian states from 11th century to present. Italian Republic, Kingdom of Italy,
Italian Somaliland, Corsica, Lucca, Guastalia, Genoa, Piombino, Malta, Mantua, Lunigiana, Milan,
Mirandola, Modena, Monaco, Montalcino (Siena), Naples and Sicily, Orbetello, Palma Nova, Parma,
Ragusa, San Marino, Sardinia (and Savoy), Tuscany, Urbino, Venice, Dalmatia, Albania, Venetian
Possessions, Lombardy-Venice.
Eklund, O. P. Copper Coins of Norway. Reprinted from The Numismatist, Olympic Press, Salina, Kansas.
Norway under Danish Rule (1808-1816), under Swedish Rule (1816-1905), and as independent kingdom.
Eklund, O. P. The Copper Coinage of the Papal States. Reprinted from The Numismatist, Olympic Press, Salina,
Kansas.
The Papal States from 1556, including the Roman Republic.
Eklund, O. P. Copper Coins of Portugal. Reprinted from The Numismatist, Olympic Press, Salina, Kansas, 1962.
Copper coinage of Portugal 1495 through present. Includes colonies of Angola, Madeira, St. Thomas and
Princes Island, Mozambique, Nyassaland, Portugese India.
Eklund, O. P. Copper Coins of Russia and Poland. Reprinted from The Numismatist, Olympic Press, Salina,
Kansas, 1962.
Copper coins of Russia, from 1689, including Russian possessions of Finland, Moldavia and Wallachia,
Siberia, Georgia, the Crimea, Ionian Island. Coinage of Poland from 1648, including Curland, Lithuania,
Zamosc, and Galicia and Lodomeria.
Eklund, O. P. Copper Coins of Spain. Reprinted from The Numismatist, Olympic Press, Salina, Kansas, 1962.
Copper coinage of Spain from 1474 through present, including Barcelona, Catalonia, Navarra, Lerida,
Pampeluna, Perpignan, Valencia, Balearic Islands, Majorca, Palma, Ivica Island, Philippine Islands.
Eklund, O. P. Copper Coins of Sweden. Reprinted from The Numismatist, Olympic Press, Salina, Kansas.
58

Includes section Coinage of Swedish Plate Money, by Berta Holmberg.
Swedish coins from 1611, including a history of the making of plate money.
Eklund, O. P. The Counters of Nuremberg. Originally published in The Numismatist, 1926. Reprinted by Alfred
Szego, Oakdale, New York, 1978.
A brief introduction to the counters (jetons) from Nuernberg, Germany, with a description of the pieces in
Eklund's own collection.
Eklund, O. P. German War Tokens "Notgeld". Originally published in The Numismatist, 1948-1955. Reprinted
with additions and a supplement by Helen Woodburn, American Numismatic Association, 1961(?).
Eklund's collection of German Notgeld, arranged alphabetically by issuing city. Good written descriptions
of coins, few photographs, mostly poor.
Elayi, J. and A. G. Elayi. La Monnaie a Travers les Ages. Editions Ideaphane, Paris, 1989.
A general popular overview of world coinage from ancient to modern, including a chapter on coins of Gaul,
several on France (medieval, royal, modern), and chapters on manufacture of coins, metals, history of
banks, and coin hoards. There are references at the end of each chapter, maps and photos. A decent
introduction and good practice for reading French.
Eldada, Katharina. Glass weights and vessel stamps. In: Jere L. Bacharach (editor), Fustat Finds: Beads, Coin,
Medical Instruments, Textiles, and Other Artifacts from the Awad Collection. The American University in
Cairo Press, Cairo, pp. 112-166, 2002.
A description of 92 glass weights and vessel stamps from the ANS collection. Seventeen were previously
unpublished. They are from the Umayyads and Abbasids in Egypt. Twenty of the pieces are
photographed in the article. All have Arabic legends written out with translations into English.
Elias, E. R. Duncan. The Anglo-Gallic Coins. Emile Bourgey and Spink & Son, Ltd., Paris and London, 1984.
The standard reference of Anglo-Gallic coinage from Henry II through Henry VI.
Ender, Celil. Abaka Han’in Darp Aylari Yazili Gumus Sikkeleri M 1265-1282/H 663-680/Abaka Khan’s Silver
Coinage that bear the Date as well as the Month in Which They were Struck. Ozel Sayi No. 2, Turkish
Numismatic Society, Istanbul, 1989.
A short booklet on the Ilkhan coins of Abaqa with the month and the year on them. Coin descriptions and
photos included. In Turkish with an English summary.
Ender, Celil. Coinage of Ladik (Denizli). Ender Numismatik Yayinlari No. 1. Published by the author, Istanbul,
1994.
A history and catalogue of the coinage of Ladik in the Aegean region of Turkey. Includes a few ancient
Greek coins. Mostly Islamic, including Seljuqs of Rum, Ilkhan, the Anatolian Beyliks of Denizli, Aydin
and Germiyan, Ottoman and several anonymous types. Line drawings of all coins with full legends in
Arabic and transliterated. All coins also photographed in nice plates. Turkish and English text.
Ender, Celil. Karesi, Saruhan, Aydin ve Mentese Beylikleri Paralari. Ender Numismatik Yayinlari No. 2,
Published by the author, Istanbul, 2000.
59

Catalogue of the Turkish Beyliks Karesi, Saruhan, Aydin and Menteshe. Arabic legends are written out and
transliterated using the Turkish system. There are nice line drawings of each type in the text and photos at
the end. There is no English summary. A very nice and useful book.
Ender, Celil. Candarogullari Beyligi (Isfendiyarogullari Beyligi) Paralari Katalogu/ Catalog of the Isfendiyarid
Coins. Ender Numismatik Yayinlari No. 3. Published by the author, Istanbul, 2003.
A complete catalogue of coins known from the Isfendiyarid beylik in Turkey. The author points out that the
correct name of the Beylik is the Candarogullari. Every coin has a line drawing, the legends written out in
actual and transliterated Arabic, and an enlarged photograph. This will be the definitive work on the Beylik
for some time, as are most of Ender’s publications. In Turkish, with English summary.
Ender, Celil, Üstün Erek and Gültekin Teoman. Germiyanogullari Beyligi Paralari Katalogu/ The Catalogue of
Germiyanid Coins. Ender Numismatik Yayinlari No. 4, Istanbul, 2005.
Bilingual (Turkish and English) catalogue of the Germiyan beylik of Turkey. Like all of Ender’s
publications, each type is illustrated with a very clear line drawing and the legends are written out. A very
nice work.
Engel, Arthur and Raymond Serrure. Traite de Numismatique du Moyen Age. Three Volumes. Paris, 1891-1905.
Reprinted by Arnoldo Forni Editore, Bologna, 1964. In French.
A treatise on coinage of medieval Europe. Volume 1 covers the Roman Empire through the Carolingian
times. Volume 2 covers the end of the Carolingian times to the appearance of the Gros argent. The final
volume goes until the appearance of the Thaler. Approximately 2000 illustrations. More suitable for
general knowledge of coin types than for identification.
Engel, Arthur and Raymond Serrure. Traite de Numismatique Moderne et Contemporaine. Paris, 1897.
Reprinted by Arnoldi Forni Editore, Bologna, 1980.
A treatise on modern coinage of Europe, Africa and the Americas, as well as European possessions
worldwide. Covers the 16th through 19th centuries. Approximately 500 coin illustrations. Same style as
their treatise on medieval coinage.
Enkhbat, Chuluundorj, Nyamaa Badarch and Batsaikhan Tsend. The Coins and Banknotes of Mongolia.
Association of Mongolian Numismatists, Ulaanbaatar, 2002.
An attractive catalogue of Mongolian coins, meant as an overview of the coinage and not a complete listing.
Includes the Turgesh Khaganate, an iron coin of Kidah, Chingizids, Ilkhans, the Golden Horde,
Chaghatayids, and Yuan dynasty (China). There is then a more comprehensive listing of modern coins,
beginning in 1925, modern commemorative coins, and finally, a beautiful section on banknotes. There are
representive coins of many rulers, each photographed. There are lengthy descriptions, historical notes,
genealogies, and other pertinent information, all in both English and Mongolian. A nice overview.
Erbstein, Julius and Albert Erbstein. Eroertungen auf dem Begiete der Saechsischen Muenz- und Medaillen-
Geschichte bei verzeichnung der Hofrath Engelhardt’schen Sammlung. Originally published by the
authors, Dresden, 1888. Facsimile Reprint by Zentralantiquariat der DDR, Leipzig, 1976.
A catalogue of coins of the German state of Saxony from a single large collection. There are few photos or
illustrations, but the coins are described with their legends written out,and there is much descriptive and
historical text.
60

Erel, Serafettin. Nadir Birkac Sikke. Volumes 1-4. Istanbul, 1963, 1967, 1970, 1973.
Four short monographs on some rare Islamic coins, with many Anatolian Beylik pieces. Volume 1 includes
Ayyubid, Seljug, Chingizid, Ilkhan, Golden Horde (Dirham of Berke Khan, misattributed to Toqtu,
attempted reading of reverse marginal legend)., Giray Khans, Kara Qoyunlu, Aq Qoyunlu, Karamanid,
Ala'iya, Germiyan, Eshref, and Ottoman. Volume 2 includes Ayyubid, Rassid, Mamluk, Denizli, Saruhan,
Ala'iya, and Ottoman. Volume 3 includes Arab-Sassanian, Umayyad, Abbasid, Uqaylid, Seljuq, Ghaznavid,
Danishmanid, Menkujakid, Ayyubid, Karamanid, Chingizid, Ilkhan, Jalayrid, Artuqid, Mamluk,
Chaghatayid, Sharaf Khans, Timurid, Aq Qoyunlu, Inalid, Aydin and Ottoman. Volume 4 includes
Samanid, Ghaznavid, Seljuq, Ilkhan, Aq Qoyunlu and Ottoman.
Erkiletlioglu, Halit and Oguz Guler. Turkiye Selcuklu Sultanlari ve Sikkeleri. Erciyes Universitesi Yayinlari No.
89, Kayseri, 1996.
History and numismatics of the Islamic Seljuqs of Rum. Includes a historical overview of each sultan and a
listing of all known coins by mint and date. Many black and white illustrations of mediocre quality and a
few enlarged color photos. Legends are transliterated but not written out in Arabic. There is a map
showing all Seljuq mints. A table at the end gives rarity indices.
Ertürk, Kazim and Metin Erüreten. Meçhul Erzincan Paralari/ The Unidentified Coins of Erzincan. MNG Bank,
Istanbul, 2005.
This book is a fascinating description of 154 enigmatic coins struck in Erzincan (Turkey) during the rule of
an as-yet unidentified ruler or series of rulers from an as-yet unknown dynasty. There are 14 small types of
Akche size (approximately one gram) plus six types of a larger Four Akche size (approximately four - five
grams). The coins are mostly in the name of an unknown Mustafa al-Husayn, most with mintname Erzincan
and are undated. The catalogue is bilingual (Turkish and English), has a long history of Erzincan, and a
great presentation of the coins. Each type is illustrated with a line drawing, then each individual coin is laid
out on a single page with a photograph in actual size and in enlarged size. Metric data and transliterations
of the legends are written out. The coins appear to be similar in style to early Ottoman and Beylik coins.
Eustache, Daniel. Etudes de Numismatique et de Metrologie Musulmanes. Hesperis Tamuda, Volume 10, pp. 95-
189, 1969. Photocopy
A discourse on the metrology of Islamic coins from before the reforms of ‘Abd al Malik (Umayyad) until
the Mamluk dynasty. The paper cites numerous contemporary sources regarding the weight of coins and
fineness of metal.
Eustache, Daniel. Etudes sur la Numismatique et l'Histoire Monetaire du Maroc. I. Corpus des Dirhams Idrisites
et Contemporaines. Banque du Maroc, Rabat, 1970-1971.
A detailed corpus of coinage of the Islamic Idrisid dynasty of Morocco. Includes historical analyses of
mints, enlarged photographic plates, several indices.
Eustache, Daniel. Etudes sur la Numismatique et l'Histoire Monetaire du Maroc. VI. Corpus des Monnaies
Alawites. Three Volumes. Banque due Maroc, Rabat, 1984.
A comprehensive description of the history and coinage of the Islamic 'Alawi (Fileyli) Sharifs. Volume 1 is
a lengthy history of the dynasty, with each ruler divided into a history of events and a numismatic history.
Volume 2 is a description of the coins, with full legends written in Arabic, transliterated and translated into
French. Volume 3 contains indices, corrections and additions, and 44 high-quality photographic plates.
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Excellent Uitgeverij. Officiele Katalogus 1977 voor Munten en Bankbiljetten van Nederland, Munten van
Suriname, Curacao, Ned. Antillen, Ned. Indie. Uitgeverij Excellent BV, Amsterdam, 1977.
A catalogue of coins and banknotes of the Netherlands and coins of Dutch colonies. Illustrated and values
in several grades.
Fahmi, Samih. Al-Wahdat al-Nuqudit al-Mamlukiat ‘asr al-Mamalik al-Bahriat/ A catalogue of Mamluk Coins
during the time of the Bahri Mamluks (648-792/1250-1390). Tihama Press, Mecca, Saudi Arabia,
1403/1983.
A catalogue of early Mamluk coinage. Legends are written out for each coin, and there are good photos of
many of the coins collected in plates at the end. It was written after Balog, so contains many coins not
found in his original work or subsequent supplements.
Fahmy, Abdel-Rahman. Early Islamic Coin Weights. Collections of the Museum of Islamic Art, Volume 2.
Egyptian Library Press, Cairo, 1957.
A catalogue of 392 glass weights, each described in both English and Arabic. The text within the noncatalogue
portions of the book is in Arabic. There are 36 excellent plates of black and white photos
depicting well over half of the weights described in the catalogue. The majority of the weights are for
dinars, 1/3 dinars and fulus, although there are some dirhams in there as well. Interesting catalogue.
Farahbakhsh, H. Iranian Hammered Coinage, 1500-1879. Published by the author, Berlin, 1975.
A treatment of the Safavid, Hotaki Afghan, Afsharid, Zand and Ghajar/Qajar dynasties in Iran. Their are
brief historical sketches of each Shah. Coins are photographed and legends fully written out, though not
transliterated or translated. A general introduction discusses minting, dating, etc. There are tables of mint
towns with their epithets, shahs with their titles, and religious distiches associated with each shah.
Farahbakhsh, F. N. Standard Catalogue of Iranian Banknotes, 1888-1999. Fourth Edition. Published by the
author, Tehran, 1999.
A reasonably well done bilingual (Persian and English) catalogue of banknotes from the Qajars to the
present. Includes an index of signatures, varieties of seals, etc. A decent introduction.
Farr, James A. Florida Federation of Women’s Clubs Medal for Royal Palm State Park. Tokenews, Volume
XXXIII No. IV, pp. 9-10, November, 2008.
Description of a medal relating to the first portion of the current Everglades National Park to be set aside
for conservation. Royal Palm State Park was actually a private conservation area begun with a donation
from Mrs. Henry M. Flagler to Mrs. Mae Mann Jennings in 1915, followed by donations from the State of
Florida in 1916 and 1921.
Farr, James A. and Vladimir N. Nastich. An Unrecorded Fals of al-Shash, AH 149, in the name of al-Mahdi. ONS
Newsletter No. 168, pp. 12-14, Summer, 2001.
Description of the earliest known Islamic coin from al-Shash, an Abbasid fals citing al-Mahdi as amir and
heir, and an unknown Sa’id b. Yahya. The marginal legend includes the phrase sittin bi-dirham, indicating
that 60 copper fulus were equivalent to one silver dirham.
Farrugia de Candia, J. Monnaies Aghlabites du Musee du Bardo. Revue Tunisienne, pp. 271-287, 1935. Photoco
py.
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A description of 28 coins of the Islamic Aghlabid dynasty. Legends written out and translated into French.
Includes a brief introductory history.
Farrugia de Candia, J. Monnaies Aghlabites du Musee du Bardo (Premier Supplement). Revue Tunisienne, pp.
179-185, 1936. Photocopy.
Eight more coins of the Islamic Aghlabid dynasty, including to coppers.
Farrugia de Candia, J. Monnaies Aghlabites du Musee du Bardo (Deuxieme supplement). Cahiers de Tunisie, vol.
IV, pp. 95-118, 1956. Photocopy.
An additional 45 coins of the Islamic Aghlabid dynasty.
Fatas, Guillermo, and Gonzalo M. Borras. Diccionario de Terminos de Arte y Elementos de Arqueologia,
Heraldica y Numismatica. Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 1992.
A Spanish dictionary (Spanish definitions for Spanish terms) of archaeology, heraldry and numismatics.
There are drawings illustrating many characteristics of crosses, architecture, etc., but mostly it is just written
definitions. If I ever learn Spanish, it will be helpful. Looks useful already. It is a mass-market paperback
edition that first appeared in 1980 and has been revised and/or reprinted many times.
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Fedorov, D. Monety Pribaltiki XIII - XVIII Stoletii/ Baltic Coinage of the 13 - 18 Centuries. Izdatel’stvo
“Valgus”, Tallin, Estonia, 1966.
A very nice catalogue of Baltic States coinage with nice photographs of coins, line drawings of important
design elements, and very complete descriptions. It includes the Dorpat Bishops of Estonia, Livonian
Order, Swedish Livonia, Riga Archbishopric of Latvia, Riga City Coinage, Polish issues, Kurland, and
others. There are also nice foldout maps. A nice Soviet-era production on good heavy paper.
Fedorov, G. B. Moskovskiye Den’gi Vremeni Velikikh Knyazei Ivana III i Vasiliya III/ Moscow Dengas from the
time of the Grand Princes Ivan III and Vasili III. Kratkie Soobshcheniya Instituta Istorii Marerial’noi
Kul’tury Imeni N. Ya. Marra, Volume XXX, pp. 70-81, 1949.
Descriptions without illustrations of many types of dengas from these two princes.
Fedorov, M. N. Klad Sel’dzhukskikh Serebranykh Dinarov-Shekaste iz Yuzhnovo Uzbekistana/ A Hoard of Silver
Seljuq Dinars and Fragments from Southern Uzbekistan. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XVIII, pp. 59-70,
1967.
A hoard of silver coins (pale gold dinars) of the Great Seljuqs from the reign of Sanjar (under Muhammad)
and Sanjar alone. The coins cite three different Abbasid caliphs - alMustazhir, al-Mutarshid and al-Muqtafi
and are from three mints - Herat, Balkh and Marw. His attribution of Marw is incorrect. He found it with
the new epithet Marw al-hayy, but the mint with epithet should properly be read as the mint Warwalij.
Fedorov, M. N. Ob Odnoi Gruppe Karakhanidskikh Monet 388-404 gg. kh./ On a Group of Qarakhanid Coins
from AH 388-404. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XX, pp. 85-89, 1971.
Descriptions and photos of fulus from Ilak 388, Ordu 398 and Soghd 404, and a dirham of Isbijab 399, all
with the name of Salih or Saligh
Fedorov, M. N. Politicheskaya Istoriya Karachanidov v Kontse X - Nachalye XI v./A Political History of the
Qarakhanids from the End of the 10th to the Beginning of the 11th Centuries. Numizmatika i Epigrafika,
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Vol. X, pp. 131-154, 1972.
Islamic coinage of the earlier Qarakhanids. It is mostly a history, but there are a few coin descriptions
scattered throughout the text and two good plates. There are many references to earlier numismatic
literature on the dynasty.
Fedorov, M. N. Afrasiabskii Klad Zolotykh Monet Vtoroi Poloviny XII v./ An Afrasiabid Hoard of Gold Coins
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from the Second Quarter of the 12 Century. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XXI, pp. 32-34, 1972.
Don’t get excited. These aren’t Afrasiabid coins. They are Qarakhanid dinars of Qilij Tafghaj Khan
Mas’ud citing the Caliph Mustanzhir
Fedorov, M. N. O Pokupatel’noi Sposobnosti Dirkhema i Dinara v Srednei Azii i Sopredel’nikh s Nei Stranakh
v IX-XII vv/ On the Buying Power of the Dirham and the Dinar in Central Asia and Surrounding Lands.
Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1972(2), pp. 73-80, 1972.
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An article summarizing salaries, cost of food, and cost of other items during the 9 - 12 centuries in
Central Asia. Based on medieval sources. This article is only text, no coin descriptions of drawings.
Fedorov, M. N. Iz Istorii Denezhnovo Obrashcheniya v Srednei Azii Kontsa VIII - Pervoi Poloviny XII v (K
Probleme “Chernikh Dirkhemov)/ On the History of Monetary Circulation in Central Asia from the End of
th th
the 8 - First Half of the 12 Centuries (The Problem of Black Dirhams). Sovyetskaya Arkheologiya
1973(2), pp. 75-82, 1973.
An article (text only) about the circulation of Bukharkhudat (Arab-Bukharan, Arab-Sogdian) dirhams in
Central Asia. These coins consisted primarily of base metal and traded at a value higher than their intrinsic
value.
Fedorov, M. N. Politischeskaya Istoriya Karachanidov b Kontse Pervoi i vo Vtoroi Chetverti XI v./Political
History of the Qarakhanids from the beginning to the second quarter of the 11th century. Numizmatika i
Epigrafika, Vo. XI, pp. 158-178, 1974.
The second installment in the coinage of the Islamic Qarakhanids. Some coin descriptions, two good plates.
Fedorov, M. N. Po Povody Afrasiabskogo Klada Zolotykh Monet Vtoroi Poloviny XII Veka/On a Hoard of Gold
Coins of the Second Half of the 12th Century. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. XII, pp. 56-62, 1978.
Islamic coinage of the Qarakhanid dynasty. Legends of coins are included throughout the text. There are
no illustrations.
Fedorov, M. N. Politicheskaya Istoriya Karachanidov vo Vtoroi Polovine XI v./Political History of the
Qarakhanids in the Second Half of the 11th Century. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol XIII, pp. 38-57, 1980.
The third installment in the coinage of the Islamic Qarakhanid dynasty. Some coin descriptions, line
drawings in text.
Fedorov, M. N. Politicheskaya Istoriya Karakhanidov v XII - Nachalye XIII v./Political History of the
Qarakhanids from the 12th to the beginning of the 13th Century. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. XIV, pp.
100-125, 1984.
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The final installment in the coinage of the Islamic Qarakhanid dynasty. This segment has few coin
descriptions, much history and one page of line drawings of coins.
Fedovov, Michael. New Data on the Monetary Circulation of Medieval Uzgend: Coins from the Kashka-Terek
Hillfort. American Journal of Numismatics, Second Series, Volume 13, pp. 81-88, 2001.
Qarakhanid and Saghaniyan coins of Bukhara, Ferghana, Akhsikat, Ilaq, Uzgend, Uzjend. Descriptions of
the coins, but no illustrations or photographs.
Fedorov, Michael. New Data on Monetary Circulation in Medieval Andukan and Shelji: Coins from the
Andizhanskoe and Kirovskoe Vodokhranilishche. American Journal of Numismatics, Second Series, Vol.
16-17, pp. 113-144, 2004-2005.
Qarakhanid and Timurid coins from Uzbekistan and the Kyrgyz Republic. Mints are Uzkend, Ferghana,
Uzgend, Akhsikat, Ilaq, Ush, Samarqand, Kashgar, Taraz, Quz Ordu, Uzjend, Almaligh, Bukhara, Ispijab,
Shash, Khuttalan, plus several Chinese coins of the Liao, Xi Xia, Ming and Qing dynasties. A total of 157
coins are at least partially described, with several photographed on three plates.
Fedorov, Michael. The Enigma of ‘Adud al-Dawla Kuch Tegin Resolved. American Journal of Numismatics, Secon
Series, Vol. 19, pp. 131-143. 2007.
Qarakhanid ruler and brother of supreme ruler of the Eastern Qarakhanids, Qadir Khan Yusuf ‘Ali b. Harun.
Kuch Tegin ruled AH 416-444. The author sorts out all the vassals, subvassals, and suzerains of his Kuch
Tegin’s coinage from each of seven mints.
Fedorov, Michael, Boris Kochnev, Golib Kurbanov and Madeleine Voegeli. Sylloge Numorum Arabicorum.
Bukhara/Samarqand Xva Mittelasien / Central Asia I. Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, Tuebingen, 2008.
The long-awaited sixth volume in the Tuebingen series, the first in English.. Covers the mints of Amu,
Bukhara, Tatkand, Harluh Ordu, Samarqand, Qarsi, Karmina, Kish, Kufin and Nasaf. The dynasties
include Chaghatayid, Arab-Bukharan, Abbasid, Tahirid, Samanid, Ma’munid, Qarakhanid, Great Seljuq,
Khwarizmshah, Great Mongol/Chingizid, Timurid, Shaybanid, Janid, Manghits of Bukhara. Includes a
table of cartouches found on Shaybanid and Timurid coins.
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Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Monetnaya Sistema Khorezma XIV v./ The Monetary System of Khoresm in the 14
Century. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1957(2), pp. 239-246, 1957.
th
A translation and analysis of a 14 century document explaining the relationship among dinars, miscals,
dirhams, daniks, tassuj and sha’ir. A photo of the document is included.
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Klady Dzhuchidskikh Monet: Osnovnie Periody Razvitiya Denezhnogo Obrashcheniya v
Zolotoi Orde/ Hoards of Coins of the Golden Horde: Main Periods of Development of Monetary Use by the
Golden Horde. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. I, pp. 94-192, 1960.
An extensive analysis of hundreds of hoards of Golden Horde coins. There are no coin descriptions,
drawings or photos, but there are great lists of mints and dates found in different locations.
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Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Klad Zolotikh Monet XIII v. iz Srednei Azii/ A Hoard of Gold Coins of the 13 Century
from Central Asia. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Volume II, pp. 118-140, 1960.
A description of a very diverse hoard of gold coins from Mongke (Chingizid) and anonymous Chingizid
issues. All the coins are fully described with legends written out in Arabic. There is one fold-out plate of
65

photos.
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. O Nachale Monetnoi Chekanki v Khorezme i Saraye v Kontse XIII v./ On the beginning
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of minting of coins in Khwarezm and Saray at the end of the 13 Century. Epigrafika Vostoka, Vol. XIV,
pp. 79-89, 1961.
A description of six types of the Golden Horde. They are very early types from Khwarezm and Saray struck
from AH 678-698. Most are from the reign of Toqtu. Four are photographed, but complete legends are
written out for all of them.
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Nakhodki Dzhuchidskikh Monet/ Finds of Jujid Coins. Numizmatika i Epigrafika,
Volume IV, pp. 165-221, 1963.
This is an analysis of finds of hundreds of hoards of Golden Horde coins in Russia. There are a very few
line drawings of coins, but for the most part it is an analysis of where the coins were found. There is an
inventory of the individual hoard.
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Monety Rasskazyvayut/ What Coins Tell Us. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Nauchno-
Populyarnaya Seriya, Moscow, 1963.
A popular book explaining the basics of numismatics. When the first coins were made, famous Russian
numismatists, Islamic coins in Russia, monetary reform, monetary systems, etc. Fairly easy Russian
vocabulary and written by one of Russia’s great modern numismatists.
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Nuzimatika Khorezma Zolotoordynskogo Perioda/ Numismatics of Khwarizm from the
Period of the Golden Horde. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol V, pp. 179-224, 1965.
Coins of the short-lived Islamic Sufid dynasty in Khwarizm. Includes complete coin descriptions, very nice
plates of line drawings, lower quality plates of photographs. There is also an analysis (in Russian) of the
monetary system.
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Dva Klada Serebranykh Monet XIII b. iz Bolgar/Two Hoards of Silver Coins of the 13th
Century from Bolgar. Numismatika i Epigrafika, Vol. X, pp. 167-173, 1972.
A description of two hoards of the Islamic Golden Horde (Jujids).
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Klad Serebranykh Dzhuchidskikh Monet s Selitrennovo Gorodishcha/A Hoard of Silver
Jujid Coins. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. XIII, pp. 58-76, 1980.
A hoard of coins of the Islamic Golden Horde. There are no coin descriptions in text, but there are plates of
line drawings at the end of the journal.
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Monety Moskovskoi Rusi. Izdatyelstvo Moskovskovo Universiteta, Moscow, 1981.
Coins of medieval feudal Russian principalities around Moscow. Includes Islamic coinage of the Golden
Horde. Hundreds of line drawings and photographs. Islamic coins do not have legends written out.
Fedorov-Davidov, G. A. Monety Rasskazyvayut/ What Coins Tell Us. Moskva Pedagogika, Moscow, 1981.
This appears to be a greatly revised and very different and simplified version of his 1963 work by the same
title. It is a popular work concentrating on a history of Russian coinage. Very simple vocabulary.
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Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Monety Nizhegorodskogo Knyazhestva/Coins of Nizhny Novgorod. Izdatyelstvo
Moskovskogo Universiteta, Moscow, 1989.
Coins of medieval feudal Russian principalities of Nizhny Novgorod, Gorodzek, Suzdal and others.
Includes Islamic coinage of the Golden Horde. Hundreds of line drawings and photographs. Islamic coins
do not have legends written out, but some Arabic legends are transliterated.
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Klad Monet XIII v. iz Volzhskoi Bolgarii/ A Horde of Coins of the Volga Bolghars from
th
the 13 Century . Pp. 181-192, In: V. A. Mogil’nikov (Ed.), Problemy Arkheologii Evrazii, Akademiya
Nauk SSSR, Ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni Instituta Arkheologii, Moscow, 1991.
The description of a hoard of 906 coins, copper and silver, from the Volga Bulghars, sometimes described
as very early Golden Horde. The coins are in the name of al-Nasir, Mongke and Arig Bugi. Ten coins are
illustrated with line drawings, but most types are referenced to Fraehn, Yanina, and other references.
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. Denezhnoye Delo Zolotoi Ordy. Paleograf, Moscow, 2003.
A wonderful catalogue of the coinage of the Golden Horde, mostly issues of Jani Beg and later, and
discussion of their monetary system. This is a posthumous work compiled by Mel’nikova, Singatullina,
Gaidukov, Volkov, Kolyzin, Pachkalov and Severova. There is a description of more than 340 recent
hoards of GH coins, a catalogue of 614 coins, a bibliography of writings on Golden Horde coinage, and an
English summary. Each coin has a line drawing, and legends are translated into Russian, but not written out
in Arabic. Includes Uljay Timur and an excellent run of coppers from many mints.
Felix, Ervin J. The Bank Note Collector’s Guide and Companion. H. E. Harris & Co., Boston, 1976.
A very basic introduction to banknotes of the world. It has several guides to identifying world banknotes
and has an alphabetical list of countries and the denominations used in those countries.
Fengler, Heinz, Gerhard Gierow and Wilhelm Unger. Slovar Numizmata. Radio i Svyaz, Moscow, 1993.
Originally published in German, 1976. In Russian.
A basic dictionary or encyclopedia of numismatics. It covers world coins. The definitions look good, and it
is a good book for learning the Russian vocabulary of numismatics.
Fiala, Eduard. Beschreibung der Sammlung Boehmischer Muenzen und Medaillen des Max Donebauer.
Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria, 1970. One volume of text, a second volume of
plates.
Bohemian coinage from Celtic times, and then beginning with Boleslaw I (935-967) and ending with Franz
Joseph (1848- ). The majority is a description of Donebauer's collection, but Fiala also includes a second
part with coins that were not in that collection.
Finn, Patrick. Irish Coin Values. Spink & Son, Ltd., London, 1979.
Irish coin values based on the catalogue of Irish coins by Dowle and Finn. Hiberno-Norse through modern.
Fisher, George A., Jr. Fisher's Ding. Published by the Author, Littleton, Colorado, 1990.
Ding Fubao's catalogue of old Chines cast conage selectively translated and annotated, with coin
numbering, modern pricing, an index, a cross-reference to Schjoth's catalog, transliteration conversion
tables, Manchu writing examples, a list of Qing (Ch'ing) Dynasty mints, etc., added.
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Flensborg, Peter. Montarbogen 1977. P. Flensborgs Forlag, Copenhagen, 1977. In Danish.
A yearbook of prices of coins of Denmark through 1541. The first section covers all early and medieval
coins described by Hauberg and has each consecutive Hauberg number illustrated. The end of this section
also covers each of the 37 types found in Grenaa and described by Galster. The second section does the
same for Mansfeld-Buelllner. The third covers coins by Galster number but does not illustrate all coins.
There is an extensive overview of Roman coinage and a few book reviews.
Flerov, V. S. Osnovy Numizmatiki/ Fundamentals of Numismatics. Pages 105-201, In: A. M. Selivanova, Klady
Zemli Yaroslavskoi, Yaroslavskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Yaroslavl’, 1995.
In introduction to the study of numismatics, including chapters on numismatics as a science, the history of
numismatics, importance of hoards, terminology, and techniques used in manufacturing and studying coins.
Very few illustrations, but relatively simple Russian text.
Foerschner, Gisela. Glaspasten, Geschnittene Steine, Arabische Muenzgewichte. Kleine Schriften des
Historischen Museums Frankfurt am Main, Verlag Gutenberg, Melsungen, 1982.
A neat little catalogue of carved stones (intaglios, seals, etc.) from Roman through modern times and Arabic
th
weights, mostly made from glass. These all apparently came from one collection in the 19 century. There
are some nice color photos of some of the nicer pieces, and black and white photos of all of them, complete
with translated (into German) legends, size and weight data, etc. There are more than 475 objects
photographed and described.
Fomin, A. V. Kuficheskiye Monety Gnezdovskogo Klada/ Kufic Coins in the Gnezdov (?) Hoard. Drevneishie
Gosudarstva Vostochnoi Evropi: Novoe v Numizmatike, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Rossiiskoi
Istorii, Moscow, pp. 187-203, 1994.
The description of a hoard of Abbasid, Buwayhid and Samanid dirhams found in eastern Europe. There are
photographs of some of the coins and a list of mints and dates found.
Fontenla Ballesta, Salvador. Un Hallazgo Numismatico en la “Huerta del Nublo” (Lorca, Murcia). II. Jarique de
Numismatica Hispano-Arab, Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs de la Diputacio de Lleida, Lleida, pp. 133-143,
1988.
Description of a coin hoard including Muwahhid, Kings of Murcia, and Hafsid. Nicely preserved coins.
Beautiful photos, no inscriptions written out.
Fontenla Ballesta, Salvador. Moneda Inedita de Tipo Almohade. II. Jarique de Numismatica Hispano-Arab,
Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs de la Diputacio de Lleida, Lleida, pp. 297-302, 1988.
Previously undescribed Muwahhid square coins with a circle inscribed within, legends within circles.
Apparently billon or silver. Nice photos and simple legends.
Fontenla Ballesta, Salvador. Las Acunaciones Medievales de Lorca. Amigos del Museo Arqueologico de Lorca,
1994.
Lorca is in southern Spain in Murcia. This small book covers the numismatic history of Lorca, mostly
Islamic, but also early medieval. Each chapter is divided into a history, description of the coinage, and
what is known about counterfeits. It covers the Caliphate, a rebel Daisam b. Ishaq, Almeria, Almohades,
and the conquest by Alfonso X. The photographs of coins are rather dark and hard to read, so the book is
best for the history and list of hoards, not for the coin illustrations.
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Fontenla Ballesta, Salvador. La moneda andalusi en Andalucia Oriental. In: A. Canto and V. Salvatierra (Eds.),
IV. Jarique de Numismatica Andalusi, Universidad de Jaen, Museo Casa de la Moneda,pp. 165-191, 2000.
Coins of the later Hudids of eastern Spain (Taifas Almoravides), of Baeza, and of the Nasrids of Granada,
including square silver coinage of Almeria. There are some beautiful photos of some very rare coins, as
well as extensive numismatic history and metrology.
Forrer, Robert. Keltische Numismatik der Rhein- und Donaulaende. Ergaenzte Neuaufgabe. Two volumes.
Second volume edited by Karel Castelin. Volume 1 originally published by Karl J. Truebner, Strassburg,
1908. New expanded edition published by Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria, 1968
(Volume 1) and 1969 (Volume 2) .
A treatise on the Celtic coinage, particularly that of the eastern Celts. The reprinted Volume 1 includes
extensive footnotes that refer to Volume 2. Castelin edited the second volume, which includes corrections
and new information referring back to Forrer's original work. Many photos in the text and plates. Also
includes maps.
Fraehn, Ch. M. Recensio Numorum Muhammedanorum. Academiae Imp. Scient. Petropolitanae, St. Petersburg,
Russia, 1826. (Photocopy). In Latin.
Early and important compendium of Islamic coins. Fraehn invented the classic classification system for the
Islamic dynasties that has been used or modified for almost two centuries (Class I, Umayyads, Class II,
Abbasids, etc.). While much of the work has been superceded by more recent works, some of the sections
on Russian dynasties (Golden Horde, for instance) are still very important. There are no illustrations, but
legends are written out in Arabic and translated into Latin.
Fraehn, Ch. M. Monety Khadov Ulusa Dzhuchieva ili Zolotoi Ordy s Monetami Raznykh Inykh
Mukhammedanskikh Dinastii/ Coins of the Khans of the Ulus Jujid or the Golden Horde with Coins of
Various Islamic Dynasties. St. Petersburg, 1832. Reprinted 2001, Nizhnii Novgorod.
An extremely important early work on the Golden Horde. It also includes some coins of the Giray Khans,
Abbasid fulus, Tahirids, Samanids, Khwarezmshahs, Chingizid, Chaghatayid, Timurid, Shaybanid,
Manghits of Bukhara, Umayyad, Ilkhan, Jalayrid, Afsharid, Zand, Qajar, and others. The Golden Horde
portion is by far the most important, and it includes some of the rarest rulers. Legends are written out, and
there are line drawings in plates at the back. There are also references to Recensio numbers. It is obviously
incomplete, but definitely very useful.
Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P. Coinage in East Africa before Portuguese Times. The Numismatic Chronicle, Sixth
Series, Volume XVII, pp. 151-175, 1957. Photocopy.
A description of coins from Kilwa, Mafia Islands, Zanzibar, Pemba and Kenya. It is additions to earlier
known coins, not a comprehensive corpus. Some historical information.
Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P. Coins from Mogadishu, c. 1300 to c. 1700. The Numismatic Chronicle, Seventh
Series, Volume III (1963), pp. 179-200.
A description of several hoards and collections of the coinage of Islamic Mogadishu, Somalia. Includes
coinage of Kilwa found in Mogadishu. Includes Arabic inscriptions with translations, and one plate of
photographs. Includes some history, but little of the sultanate is known.
Frere, Hubert. Le Denier Carolingien, Specialement en Belgique. Publications d’Histoire de l’Art et
d’Archeologie de l’Universite Catholique de Louvain VIII, Numismatica Lovaniensia 1, Louvain-la-Neuve,
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Belgium, 1977.
th
European coinage from before the reform of Charlemagne until almost the end of the 10 century (752-
987). There is a special section on those coins struck in mints in Belgium. All coins fully described and
accompanied by photos and/or line drawings. There are maps showing mints during each reign. Nice
specialist book.
Friedensburg, F. Schlesiens Muenzen und Muenzwesen vor dem Jahre 1220. Verlag von F. & P. Lehmann,
Berlin, 1886. Reprinted by Verlag P. Maercker, Ihringen, 1984.
History and description of the earliest coinage of Silesia. Not a catalogue, but does include two plates of
line drawings illustrating the various phases of the coinage. Includes as an appendix a description of four
hoards of Silesian coins originally published in a journal Altschlesien.
Friedensburg, Ferdinand. Muenzkunde und Geldgeschichte der Einzelstaaten des Mittelalters und der Neueren
Zeit. Originally published Munich and Berlin, 1926. Facsimile Reprint by Wissenschaftliche
Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 1972.
The history of coinage of each European country in medieval and modern times. It includes Jerusalem,
Armenia, Georgia and other Christian states in the Middle East. There are lists of the most important
literature, several plates of coin photos, but mostly text. It is somewhat like an abbreviated version of Engel
and Serrure with fewer illustrations.
Friedensburg, F. and H. Seger. Schlesiens Muenzen und Medaillen der neueren Zeit. Vereins fuer das Museum
schlesischer Altertuemer, Breslau, 1901.
The coinage of Silesia from the latter part of the 15th century through the late 1800's. The book is done in
the style of and a supplement to Saurma's work on Silesia.
Friederich, K. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kontermarkenwesens. Originally published as part II,
Auktionskataloges der Firma Adolph Hess Nachf., Frankfurt/Main, 1914. Reprint by Numismatischen
Verlag H. Dombrowski, Muenster, 1970.
Both a catalogue and a history of countermarks on coins of Germany. Not all of the coins are
photographed, and there aren’t many drawings of countermarks in the text. Nice book.
Frisione, Gino. Monete Italiane. La Moneta, Genoa, Italy, 1964.
Covers modern Italy from 1814 until 1964, including Eritrea, Italian Somalia, Albania, Lombardy (1848)
and Venice (1848-1849). Includes rarities by date and an explanation of what is pictured on obverse and
reverse of each coin type.
Frochoso Sanchez, Rafael. Las Monedas Califales de Ceca al-Andalus y Madinat al-Zahra, 316-403 H, 928-1013
J. C. Consejeria de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucia y Obra Social y Cultural Cajasur, Cordoba, 1996.
This is an important year-by-year description of the coinage of the Umayyads of Spain from ‘Abd al-
Rahman III through Sulayman. Each year includes a discussion of the coinage and photos of important
varieties of gold and silver. There is an extensive list of legends, ornamentation, etc., at the back, as well as
a good bibliography. There is a small section on the copper coinage of Madinat al-Zahra.
Frochoso Sanchez, Rafael. Los feluses del periodo de los gobernadores omeyas en al-Andalus. Nvmisma 237,
pp. 259-289, 1996. (Photocopy)
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A predecessor of his later book on Spanish coppers. This article covers only the period of Umayyad
governors in Spain, not the later independent Caliphate. Each coin is fully described with Arabic legends.
There is a photo or drawing of each sub-type in plates at the end of the article.
Frochoso Sanchez, Rafael. Los Feluses de al-Andalus. Numismatica Cordoba, Madrid, 2001.
An exceptional work on the copper Fulus of the Umayyads in Spain. It covers the period of governors in
the central Umayyad Caliphate and the independent Caliphs in Spain. Each type and sub-type is fully
described with Arabic legends and translations into Spanish. Plates at the end have photos or drawings of
each sub-type. The most complete work yet on Islamic coppers in Spain.
Frolova, Nina A. Essays on the Northern Black Sea Region Numismatics. Polis Press, Odessa (Ukraine), 1995.
English translation. Coinage of Cimmerian Bosporus. Descriptions, history and photos.
Frolova, N. A. Monetnoe delo Bospora (Seredina I v. do n.e. - Seredina IV v. n.e.)/ Monetary Affairs of Bosporus
st th
(Middle 1 Century BC - Middle 4 Century AD). Volumes 1 and 2. Editorial URSS, Moscow, 1997.
An extensive catalogue of the coins of Cimmerian Bosporus. It is more detailed than Stanislavskii’s
catalogue in that the author has shown many more types and die varieties within reigns and within years.
The photographs are not as clear as Stanislavskii, but it is an important contribution to Bosporus
numismatics. There is a very good bibliography.
Frolova, N. A. Bosporskie Monety Vremeni Pravleniya Asandra (49/48 - 21/20 gg. do n. e.) / Bosporus Coins
from the Time of the Reign of Asander. Pp. 17-60 In: A. S. Belyakov and A. A. Molchanov, Numizmatika v
Istoricheskom Muzee, Trudy Gosudarstvennovo Istoricheskovo Muzeya, Numizmaticheskii Sbornik Chast’
14, Moscow, 2001.
Cimmerian Bosporus from the second half of the first century B. C. It includes both Gold and Copper
coins, most illustrated with mediocre photos. Asander is only the second Cimmerian Bosporus ruler listed
in Sear.
Frolova, N. A. Monetnoe Delo Tiry v Period ot Pravleniya Septimiya Severa do Severa Aleksandra (193-235 gg/
Monetary Affairs of Tyra in the Period from the Rule of Septimus Severus to Severus Alexander (193-235
CE). Numizmaticheskii Sbornik GIM, Volume XVII, pp. 18-64, Moscow, 2005.
History and Catalogue of copper coins of Tyra (Black Sea, Thrace). There are photos of 279 coins.
Frost, Peter. The Bakumatsu Currency Crisis. Harvard East Asian Monographs No. 36, East Asian Research
Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1970.
This is a fascinating economic history of Japan during the years 1853-1872, the first two decades after
Japan ceased its isolationist philosophy and agreed to trade with other parts of the world. The U. S. was
especially instrumental in breaking down the barriers to trade. The book describes the monetary problems
as Japan had to negotiate an exchange rate and battle a serious bout of inflation. This is the period of
Japanese numismatics with the elongate Hansatsu banknotes and the rectangular silver and gold coins.
Frye, Richard N. Notes on the Early Coinage of Transoxiana. Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 113, The
American Numismatic Society, New York, 1949.
A note on the numismatic history of pre-Islamic and early transitional coins of Sogdiana, Khwarizm and
Bukhara in central Asia.
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Gadoury, Victor, and Georges Cousinie. Monnaies Coloniales Francaises, 1670-1980. Published by the Gadoury,
Monte Carlo, 1980.
One of the classic references on French Colonial coinage. There is much better background material than in
Krause. Values in three grades, good photos.
Gaev, A. G. Monety Zolotoordynskogo Khana Makhmuda (1445-1461)/ Golden Horde Coins of Mahmud Khan
(1445-1461). Sed’maya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Moscow, pp. 70-73, 1999.
A description of three types of silver dirhams of the Golden Horde, Mahmud Khan. They were struck at the
Urdu or Ordu mint. There are line drawings of all three types.
Gaev, A. G. Genealogiya i Khronologiya Dzhychidov k Vyyasneniyu Rodosloviya Numizmaticheski
Zafiksirovannykh Pravitelei Ylusa Dzhuchi/ Genealogy and Chronology of the Jujids towards an
Elucidation of the Genealogy of the Numismatic Record of the Rule of the Ulus Juji. Drevnosti Povolzh’ya
i Drugikh Regionov, Bypusk IV, pp. 9-55, 2002.
Gaidukov, P. G. Mednie Russkie Monety Kontsa XIV-XVI Vekov/ Copper Russian Coins, End of XIV-XVI
Centuries. Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, Moscow, 1993.
The highest-quality publication I have seen to come out of Russia or the Soviet Union. It is a compendium
of medieval Russian copper coins, most from Tver, Pskov, Novgorod and Moscow. There are fantastic line
drawings of each coin type and enlarged photos of each coin on high-quality plates at the end. Some series
have die linkages illustrated as in Melnikova. It includes copper coins struck from dies for silver coins and
silver coins struck from copper dies. A fantastic book.
th th
Gaidukov, P. G. Kollektsiya Polushek XV-XVI vv./ A Collection of Polushkas from the 15 - 16 Centuries. In:
Monety i Medali,Sbornik Statei po Materialam Kollektsii Otdela Numizmatiki, pp. 194-204,
Gosudarstvennii Muzei Izobrazitel’nykh Iskusstv im. A. S. Pushkina, Moscow, 1996.
A high-quality description of three main types of polushkas from Moscow and Novgorod. It includes full
descriptions, line drawings and photographic plates.
Gaidukov, P. G. O Datirovke “Polushek” c Izobrazheniem Dvuglavovo Orla pod Tremya Koronami/The Dating
of Polushkas with a Depiction of a Two-Headed Eagle under Three Crowns. Numizmatika i Epigrafika,
Volume XVI, pp. 281-289, 1999.
Polushkas with a double-headed eagle and the word Tsar should be considered Dengas and were probably
issued between 1698 and 1711. In Russian with English summary.
th
Gaidukov, P. G. Tverskie Polushki XVI v./ 16 Century Polushkas from Tver. Sed’maya Vserossiiskaya
Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Moscow, pp. 121-123, 1999.
Line drawings of two types of tiny silver Polushkas (1/4 kopeks) from the Tver mint.
th th
Gaidukov, P. G. Pskovskie Monety XV - Nachala XVI v./ Pskov Coins of the 15 and Early 16 Centuries.
Numizmatika i Epigrafika XVII, pp. 201-218, 2005.
Metrology and die-linkage analysis. Tiny line drawings, a few high-quality photographs.
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Gaidukov, P. G. Russkie Poludengi, Chetveretsy i Polushki XIV - XVII vv. / Russian Poludengas, Chetveretsys and
th th
Polushkas of the 14 - 17 Centuries. Paleograf, Moscow, 2006. In Russian, with English Summary.
The highest-quality publication I have seen to come out of Russia or the Soviet Union since Gaidukov’s
1993 work on medieval copper coins of Russia. It is a compendium of medieval Russian half and quarter
dengas, most from Tver, Pskov, Novgorod and Moscow. There are fantastic line drawings of each coin
type and enlarged photos of each coin on high-quality plates at the end. Some series have die linkages
illustrated as in Melnikova. It includes several types with Arabic or pseudo-Arabic legends based on
contemporary Golden Horde coins. A fantastic book, every bit as important as his work on coppers.
Gaidukov, P. G. and I. V. Grishin. O Metrologii Deneg Moskvy Vremeni Pravleniya Vasilya Dmitrievicha/ On the
Metrology of Dengas of Moscow from the Time of the Reign of Vasilii Dmitrievich. Pp. 136-139 In:
Pyatnadtsataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsia, Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei,
Moscow, 2009.
Beautiful line drawings of 24 coins, all with Arabic legends copied from coins of the Golden Horde.
Gaidukov, P. G. and A. A. Molchanov. Novye Nakhodki Kuficheskikh Monet v Il’menskom Poozer’e. In
Antinova, E. V. And T. K. Mkrtychev, Tsentral’naya Aziya: Istochniki, Istoriya, Kul’tura, Izdatel’skaya
Firma Vostochnaya Literatura RAN, Moscow, pp. 266-274, 2005.
Umayyad, Abbasid, Tahirid, and Samanid coins found in the area east of Novgorod. Mostly a list of coin
finds with locations and maps. No coin descriptions, but eleven photographs of coins.
Galloway, Albert. Illustrated Coin Dating Guide for the Eastern World. Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin,
1984.
Detailed instructions on how to read the dates on Oriental coins, with formulae for converting to western
dates.
Galster, Georg. Montfundet fra Grenaa og de Jydske Penninge fra Tiden 1146-1234. Reprinted from Aarboger
for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie, 1931. H. H. Thieles Bogtrukkeri, Copenhagen, 1933.
An analysis of a find of over 12,000 coins from Grenaa, Denmark, mostly from the time of Valdemar II, and
a review of coins from Jutland, Denmark. Thirty-seven types are described, with many more photographs
of varieties.
Galster, Georg. Unionstidens Udmontninger. Dansk Numismatisk Forening, Copenhagen, 1972. Danish, with
English summary.
Coinage of Denmark and Norway from 1397-1540 and of Sweden from 1363-1521.
Gamberini di Scarfea. Prontuario Prezzario delle monete, oselle e bolle di Venezia; monete dei possedimenti ed
oselle di Murano, monete battute a venezia ed ossidionali di Napoleone; monete degli Absburgo e del
Risorgimento. (814-1912). Second Edition, Forni Editore, Bologna, 1969.
Standard reference on the coinage of Venice, Italy, from 814 through 1912. Includes rarity listings and
1969 prices.
Ganesh, Krishnamurthy. The Coins of Tamilnadu. Published by the Author, Bangalore, 2002.
th th
Catalogue of the coins of the southeast Indian state of Tamilnadu from the 9 - 18 centuries. Includes
73

coins of the Cholas, Pandyas, Kongu Cheras, Madurai Sultans, Madurai Nayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Gingee
Nayaks, Banas, Sethupatis, Thanjavur Marathas, Gingee Marathas, Sivaganga Rajas,Nawabs of Arcot.
Nicely done with decent black-and-white photographs of each type followed by a description of the coins.
Each section has a brief historical and numismatic historical introduction.
Ganesh, Krishnamurty. Karnataka Coins. Published by the Author, Bangalore, 2007.
Catalogue of the coins of the southwest Indian state of Karnataka from punchmarked coinage of BC 300 to
Independent Kingdom of Mysore. Includes Badami Chalukyas, Rash trakutas, Western Gangas, Alupas,
Chalukyas of Kalyana and Kalachuris, Kadambas of Hangal and Goa, Yadavas of Devagiri, Hoysalas,
Vijayanagar, Bahmanis, Adil Shahi Dynasty, Feudatory Chiefs, and Mysore. Coins illustrated with highquality
black-and-white photos followed by description of the coin. Each section has a brief historical and
numismatic historical introduction.
Ganesh, Krishnamurty. Coins of Banavasi (c. BC 300 - AD 600). Published by the Author, Bangalore, 2008.
Another excellent publication from this author. Banavasi is a small town in west central India on the border
of Karnataka and Shimoga. Most of the coins are previously unknown and unpublished types from a
hoard found in 2006. There is a nice historical introduction beginning with the Satavahanas, then the
Chutus, a period of “confusion”, and the Kadambas. Each coin is illustrated with a nice black and white
photo, with full descriptions. The coins are a series of neat potin coins of the Satavahanas, lead and copper
coins of the Chutus, an extensive series (180 examples) of potin coins from the Period of Confusion, many
inscribed and with legends written out, then 58 incredible potin coins of the Kadambas, many inscribed in
early Kannada characters. Each section has a brief historical and numismatic historical introduction.
Ganesh, Krishnamurty. Studies in Vijayanagar Coins. Published by the Author, Bangalore, 2009.
Another impressive work from the author including coins and history of this part of southern India. The
book includes descriptions and photographs of 555 coins and seals. Includes history, currency system,
observations from contemporary travelers, metrology, numismatic history of the various dynasties of the
Vijayanagar Empire, Ramaraya, Tirumala and Venkatadri, an extensive catalogue of coins and seals,
descriptions and explanations of gods and goddesses on the coins, coins of the Vijayanagar Feudatories,
Nayaks of Madurai, Thanjavur and Gingee, chronology of coins, and the influence of Vijayanagar coinage
on other dynasties.
Gao Wen and Yuan Yugao Bian. Sichuan tongbi tulu /Illustrated Record of Sichuan Copper Coins. Sichuan
University Press, 1988. (In Chinese)
A small catalogue (88 pages) of the copper coins of Szechuan, beginning with the end of the Qing Empire,
through the Republic, and including the Szechuan-Shensi Soviet coinage. Also included 29 copper tokens,
most with a horse on the obverse.
Gardiakos, Soterios. The Coins of Cyprus, 1489-1571. Obol International, Oak Park, Illinois, 1969. Bound
photocopy.
Includes a brief history, particularly of the influence of Venice, and a catalogue with rarity estimates.
Gardiakos, Soterios. A Catalogue of the Coins of Dalmatia et Albania (1410-1797). Obol International, Oak
Park, Illinois, 1970. Bound photocopy.
Coinage struck by the government of Venice for Dalmatia and Albania. Includes present-day Albania,
Jugoslavia, and parts of Greece (mainly coastal areas of Epirus).
74

nd
Gardiakos, Soterios. The Coins of Cyprus, 1489-1571, 2 Edition. Obol International, Chicago, 1975.
Includes a brief history, particularly of the influence of Venice, and a catalogue with rarity estimates.
Gardiakos, Soterios. A Catalogue of the Coins of Dalmatia et Albania (1410-1797). Obol International, Chicago,
1980.
Coinage struck by the government of Venice for Dalmatia and Albania. Includes present-day Albania,
Jugoslavia, and parts of Greece (mainly coastal areas of Epirus).
Gardner, C. T. The Coinage of Corea and their Values. Scorpion Publishers, Buffalo, New York, 1976.
A reprint of an early work (1892-1893) on Korean square-holed cash-type coins. It is not nearly complete
and has been superceded by Mandel and Krause.
Gardner, Percy. The Coinage of Parthia. Originally Published 1877. Reprinted by Sanford J. Durst, Rockford
Center, NY, 2000.
A classic early work on the history and coinage of the Parthians. The history is easy to read, though
sketchy. The plates are clear enough to be useful, and there are tables comparing legends and titles of
different rulers. Given my ignorance of things Parthian, anything helps.
Gasparino Garcia, Sebastian. Algunas monedas almohades. In: A. Canto and V. Salvatierra (Eds.), IV. Jarique de
Numismatica Andalusi, Universidad de Jaen, Museo Casa de la Moneda,pp. 213-216, 2000.
Essentially four notes on unusual Muwahhid square silver coins. There are three mintless types with Kufic
script, a half dirham of Abu Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu’min b. ‘Ali from Seville, a quarter dirham from
Marrakesh, and two eighth dirhams, one mintless and one from Marrakesh. There is also an appendix
explaining the historical context of the legend al-hadrat al-muminiyya al-murtadiyya that appears on one of
the Kufic types. Each coin has an enlarged high-quality photo and full legends written in Arabic, with the
legends of the fractions transliterated and translated into Spanish.
Gaube, Heinz. Arabosasanidische Numismatik. Handbuecher der mittelasiatischen Numismatic, Band II.
Klinkhardt & Biermann, Braunschweig, 1973.
An extensive treatment (in German) and guide to identification of Arab-Sasanian coinage in Iran. Covers
mid 7th to late 8th century.
Gebhart, Hans. Numismatik und Geldgeschichte. Carl Winter Universitaetsverlag, Heidelberg, 1949.
A history of the development of coinage focusing more on why it developed and the way coinage became
the basis of national economies.
Gebhart, Hans. Von der Numismatik zur Geldgeschichte. In Harald Ingholt, Centennial Publication of the
American Numismatic Society, New York, 1958, pp. 233-237.
A short essay on the study of why coinage developed.
Gel’tser, M. L. Drevnepalestinskaya Keramicheskaya Epigrafika kak Vazhnyi Istoricheskii Istochnik/ Ancient
Palestinian Epigraphy as an Important Historical Source. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XVII, pp. 18-37,
1966.
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Historical interpretation of inscriptions on ancient ceramics, including many interesting stamp seals. Many
of the pieces are illustrated with nice line drawings. Most of the inscriptions are described in transliteration
and translation into Russian with no rendition of the original.
Ghalib, Ismail. Takvim-i Meskukat-i Osmaniye/Essai de numismatique ottomane. Catalogue des monnaies et
medailles de la colletion de l’auteur. Constantinople, 1307/1889.
An early catalogue of a private collection of Islamic Ottoman coinage. Legends written out. Few
photographs. In Ottoman Turkish.
Ghalib, Ismail. Takvim-i Meskukat-i Selcukiyye/Catalogue des Monnaies Seldjoukides. Originally published
Constantinople, 1892/1309. Reprinted by Basnur Matbaasi, Ankara, 1971. In Ottoman Turkish.
Coinage primarily of the Islamic Seljuqs of Rum, but includes Anatolian Beyliks of Saruhan, Aidin,
Germiyan, Karamanid and Isfendiyarid. Arabic inscriptions written out. Several plates of photographs and
some good indices.
Ghalib, Ismail. Meskukat-i Kadime-i Islamiye Katalogu. Catalogue of Coins of the Imperial Ottoman Museum,
Part 1. Constantinople, 1312/1894. Two-sided photocopy, green hard thesis binding.
A catalogue of the earliest Islamic coinage. Includes Arab-Byzantine, Arab-Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid,
Tulunid, Ikhshidid, Samanid, Buwayhid, Hamdanid, Marwanid, Alid dynasties. Legends are all written out.
Several photographic plates. In Ottoman Turkish.
Ghalib Edhem, Ismail. Maskukat-i Turkmaniye Qataloghi. Constantinople, 1311/1894.
The original work in Ottoman Turkish on Atabeg coinage. Includes Artuqid, Zangid, Begteginid and
Ayyubid dynasties.
Ghalib Edhem, Ismail. Catalogue des monnaies Turcomanes du Musee Imperial Ottoman. Originally published
Constantinople, 1894. Reprinted by Arnoldi Forni Editore, Bologna, 1965 (200 Copies).
The old standard work on the Turcoman Atabegs. Includes Artuqid, Zangid, Begteginid and Ayyubid
dynasties. Full descriptions of coins with Arabic legends, poor photographic plates, several indices of
legends, titles, mints, dates, and genealogies. Not as useful as more modern references like Spengler and
Sayles, but catalogue numbers still used by some. Better photos than the later reprint.
Ghalib Edhem, Ismail. Catalogue des monnaies Turcomanes du Musee Imperial Ottoman. Originally published
Constantinople, 1894. Reprinted by Arnoldi Forni Editore, Bologna, 1978.
The old standard work on the Turcoman Atabegs. Includes Artuqid, Zangid, Begteginid and Ayyubid
dynasties. Full descriptions of coins with Arabic legends, poor photographic plates, several indices of
legends, titles, mints, dates, and genealogies. Not as useful as more modern references like Spengler and
Sayles, but catalogue numbers still used by some.
Ghyssens, Joseph. Les Petits Deniers de Flandre des XIIe et XIIIe Siecles. Cercle d'Etudes Numismatiques
Travaux 5, Brussels, 1971.
A thorough treatment of small deniers of Flanders, Belgium, in the 12th and 13th centuries. Gives a
chronology and place of minting where possible. Several hundred coins described and photographed. In
French and Dutch.
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Gill, Dennis. The Coinage of Ethiopia, Eritrea and Italian Somalia. Dennis Gill, Garden City, New York, 1991.
A numismatic history of Ethiopia, Eritrea and Italian Somalia from ancient to modern times, with a
complete catalogue of coins, banknotes and medals from the Amirs of Harar (1782) through the present
including valuations. Includes a general non-numismatic history of the area.
Glock, Alice. Minuscule Monuments of Ancient Art: Catalogue of Near Eastern Stamp and Cylinder Seals
Collected by Virginia E. Bailey. New Jersey Museum of Archaeology, Drew University, Madison, New
Jersey, 1988.
A catalogue that accompanied an exhibit of 182 seals at the New Jersey Museum of Archaeology. Each
seal is photographed in black and white with a few of the top, the bottom, and an impression of the seal’s
design. There is only a brief introductory page, followed by the catalogue, with each seal nicely described.
Includes stamp and cylinder seals as well as some really neat amulets. Sasanian seals are well-represented,
including one with a scorpion.
Glueck, Harry, Birger Wennberg and Hans Hirsch. Artalsfoerteckning Svenska Mynt, Vaerderingspriser 1973.
Numismatiska Bokfoerlaget AB, Stockholm, 1972.
Nice catalogue of Swedish coins from 1521 through 1972. Nice grayscale photos, values in two grades.
Includes a nice bibliography.
Gnecchi, Ercole. Sammlung des Herrn Cav. E. Gnecchi in Mailand. I. Abteilung. Muenzstaetten Acqui bis
Lucca. II. Abteilung. Muenzstaetten Maccagno bis Musso. III. u. letzte Abteilung. Muenzstaetten Napoli
bis Zara. August Osterrieth, Frankfurt am Main, 1901 (Part I) and 1902 (Parts II and III). Reprinted by
Alfred Szego, Oakdale, New York, 1973, as a single volume.
An auction catalogue in three parts of a massive collection of Italian coinage (5849 lots). Many coins
photographed.
Gnyatovich, Dragana. Dobri i Zli Dinari/ Good and Evil Dinars. Yugoslovenski Pregled, Beograd, 1998. In
Serbian with English Summary.
This is not a catalogue. It is a study of the functions of money and the monetary system of medieval Serbia.
The term “evil dinars” refers to underweight coins or coins of inferior metal. There are a few nice
illustrations of coins, medieval manuscripts, and woodcuts.
Goebl, Robert. Dokumente zur Geschichte der iranischen Hunnen in Baktrien und Indien. Band I. Katalog. Otto
Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1967.
The first of four volumes of the only comprehensive work on the coins of the Huns, Hephthalites, Kidarites,
and other related groups. It includes countermarked Sasanian coins and countermarked imitation Sasanian
drachmas. This volume is the catalogue without illustrations. It has a bit of introductory text, but very little
history. There are good indices of legends in different languages (Baktrian, Sogdian, etc.).
Goebl, Robert. Dokumente zur Geschichte der iranischen Hunnen in Baktrien und Indien. Band II. Kommentare.
Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1967.
This volume goes into detail explaining the coins. It is the longest volume, has a lot of history, explanations
of names and legends found on coins, attempts at dating the coins (including Kushan).
Goebl, Robert. Dokumente zur Geschichte der iranischen Hunnen in Baktrien und Indien. Band III. 98
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Fototafeln. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1967.
The photos that accompany the first two volumes. There are 98 plates, each with excellent photos.
Goebl, Robert. Dokumente zur Geschichte der iranischen Hunnen in Baktrien und Indien. Band IV. 48
Zeichentafeln. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1967.
The last volume with 48 plates of countermarks, crowns, symbols and tamgas, legends.
Goebl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Manuals of Middle Asian Numismatics, Volume I. Klinkhardt &
Biermann, Braunschweig, 1971.
The standard reference on Sasanian coinage. Covers Persia or Iran prior to conversion to Islam (208-651).
Very detailed treatments of all aspects of coin design and legends, many photographic plates and
illustrations of design variations. A brief historical survey also included.
Goebl, Robert. Der sasanidische Siegelkanon. Handbuecher der mittelasiatischen Numismatik, Band IV.
Klinkhardt & Biermann, Braunschweig, 1973.
The standard reference on Sasanian seal stones. It is mostly a catalogue with a systematic means of
grouping similar types. Many plates and illustrations of different designs.
Goetz, Christian Jacob. Deutschlands Kayser-Muenzen des Mittel-Alters. Originally Published by the Author,
Dresden, 1827. Facsimile Reprint by Zentralantiquariat der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Leipzig,
1968.
A description of the coins of the Holy Roman Emperors from Charlemagne to Maximilian I (768-1506).
Each emperor's coins are grouped by mint town. A summary of contributions of each emperor precedes the
coin descriptions. Over 600 coins are described and illustrated with line drawings.
Golfari, Lamberto. Monedas del Mundo Medieval: Diez Siglos de Historia. Jesus Vico, S. A. and Fernando P.
Segarra, Madrid, 1994.
A very well done introduction to medieval coinage. All photographs of coins (about 300) are high quality
and enlarged. The book is wide-ranging in scope, covering medieval Russia, Islamic coins, a lot of eastern
Europe, and the tradtional European coinage over ten centuries. There are even a few Indian and other
Asian coins. The text looks easy to read. I’ve been able to glean quite a bit of information from it with my
rudimentary knowledge of Spanish. Nice book! An eBay treasure.
Golyenko, K. V. Klad Monet, Naidennii v 1951 g. v Patreye/ A Hoard of Coins found in 1951 i Patreye.
Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1957(2), pp. 197-204, 1957.
Description and analysis of a hoard of 397 copper coins of Cimmerian Bosporus dated 572-633 (275-366
AD). There are two full-page plates of photos.
Golyenko, K. V. Vtoroi Patreiskii Klad Monet/ A Second Hoard of Coins from Patreisk. Numizmatika
i Epigrafika, Vol. I, pp. 223-288, 1960.
Description of a hoard of almost 400 coins of the later rulers of Cimmerian Bosporus. There are photos of
all of the coins, tables with legends and dates, etc. Nice article.
Gomzin, A. A. K Tipologii Sredneokskikh Podrazhanii Dzhuchidam (Tipy XVII-XX, XXVI, XXVII)/ On the
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Typology of Jujid Imitations (Types XVII-XX, XXVI, XXVII) from the Central Oka Region. Vserossiiskaya
Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Sankt-Peterburg, pp. 85-88, 2007.
A nice group of imitation Golden Horde dirhams found in Ryazan. Some have the Ryazan tamga
overstruck on them. A few have the name Timur.
th
Goncharov, E. Yu. Mednie Monety XIV v. Goroda Khadzhi-Tarkhan/Copper Coins of Hajji Tarkhan of the 14
Century. Vostochnoe Istoricheskoe Istochnikovedenie i Spetsial’nie Istoricheskie Distsipliny Vol. 5,
Moscow, pp. 177-188, 1997.
Copper puli of the Golden Horde mint of Hajji Tarkhan. One has the name of Cherkes Beg, the rest are
anonymous. Nice line drawings, legends written out.
Goncharov, E. Yu. Novosaraiskie Dangi Khana Urusa/ Dangis of Urus Khan from New Saray. Dvenadtsataya
Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Tezisy Dokladov i Soobshchenii. Gosydarstvennyi
Istoricheskii Muzei, Moskva, pp. 89-90, 2004.
A description of two new silver coins of the Golden Horde ruler Urus Khan from Saray al-Jadida. The
legends are written in the text, and there are decent photographs of both coins.
Goncharov, E. Yu. Monetnoe Obrashchenie Goroda Saraichuk v Srednie Veka/ Monetary Circulation in the
Town of Saraichuk in the Middle Centuries. Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii,
Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashcheniye v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII -XV Vekov, Saratov 2001,
Murom 2003. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Moscow, pp. 9-12, 2005.
Coins circulating and struck in Saraychik during the middle years of the Golden Horde. Coins are dated
740-767. The Saraichik coins are undated. Nice large photos of some rare types. (From 2001
Conference).
Goncharov, E. Yu. Monetnye Dvory Ulusa Dzhuchidov/ Mints of the Jujid Dynasty. Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh
Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii, Rossiiskaya Akademiy Nauk, Moscow, pp. 97-102, 2005.
Discussion of mint localities that struck coins during different periods of the Golden Horde.
Goncharov, E. Yu. Novoe Imya v Numizmatike Kryma XIII Veka/ A New Name in the Numismatics of Krim in the
th
13 Century. Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Sankt-Peterburg, pp. 83-85, 2007.
A group of more than 30 copper coins in the name of Ghiyas al-Din Mas’ud II, the Rum Seljuq sultan,
found in Krim. The coins were probably struck in Krim around 1280 CE.
Goncharov, E. Yu. Mednyi Chekan Timuridov v Khorezme: Timur i Shakhrukh/ Copper Coins of the Timurids in
Khwarizm: Timur and Shahrukh. Epigrafika Vostoka, Vol. XXVIII, pp. 27-38, 2009.
Three copper types of Timur struck during the 780s and early 790s and 25 types of his son Shahrukh struck
from AH 807-850. Arabic legends written out, but no line drawings or photographs. English summary.
Goncharov, E. Yu. and A. V. Pachkalov. O monetnom Dvore Ak-Sarai (Zolotaya Orda)/ The mint Aq-Saray
(Golden Horde). Desyataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Gosudarstvennyi
Istoricheskii Muzei, Moscow, pp. 85-87, 2002.
Description of a type of anonymous Golden Horde pul with the mint name Aq Saray, read by Klokov and
Lebedev as pul Saray (a pul from Saray). According to the authors there are only three examples known
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(one of which is in my collection). There is a photograph of one of the coins.
Goncharov, E. Yu. Novosaraiskie Dengi 741 g.kh. i Nachalo Pravleniya Khana Dzhanibeka/ Coins of Saray al-
Jadida of AH 741 and the Beginning of the Administration of Jani Beg Khan. Numizmatika No. 7, pp. 23-
26, March, 2005.
The author examines coins of Jani Beg from Saray al-Jadida with a date read previously as AH 741 by
comparing them to known types from that mint from AH 742 - 758. He concludes that the coins read by
many as AH 741 are really AH 751, based on similarities in style to those of that date with an unambiguous
“5". In addition to showing the different types of this ruler from Saray al-Jadida, the author also clears up
uncertainty as to whether the reign began in AH 741, as the numismatic evidence indicated, or in AH 742,
as historical records indicated.
Goncharov, E. Yu. and O. V. Trost’yanskii. Khan Makhmud, Bulgar, 812-813 g.kh. Numizmatika No. 4, pp. 39-
42, March, 2004.
Two types of silver coins of the Golden Horde issued by Mahmud Khan. Both are from the Bulghar mint,
one dated 812 (retrograde date), the other dated 813. Dark photographs, good line drawings.
Gondonneau, A. and M. F. Guerra. The Circulation of Precious Metals in the Arab Empire: The Case of the Near
and the Middle East. Archaeometry, Volume 44, pp. 573-599, 2002.
Use of nuclear activation techniques and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to analyze gold and
th th
silver coins from the 7 -12 centuries for trace element content as a means to deduce the source of the
metals used in coinage. Before 750 CE, gold coinage tended to recycle the gold from earlier coins,
Byzantine and Sasanian in the Orient, Byzantine coins in Norty Africa, and Visigoth coins in Spain. After
750 CE, Near and Middle Eastern mints of the Abbasids used an Egyptian-type gold (from Nubia, the Red
Sea or Arabia). Another gold ore was used in the northeastern empire. The Fatimids in Egypt recycled
Abbasid coinage as well as the use of another ore in Alexandria. The Aghlabids used an Ifriqiyan ore,
while mints located on the gold caravan routes used West African gold.
Gorny, Dieter. Auktion nr. 27. Giessener Muenzhandlung Dieter Gorny, Muenchen, 1984. With prices realized.
An entire auction deveoted to Russian coinage, with an extensive collection of very early coinage.
Gorny, Norman F. Northern Song Dynasty Cash Variety Guide. Volume 1. Fugo Senshi. Published by the
author, Portland, Oregon, 2001.
Fugo Shensi, by Yamada Kosho, is a two-volume work, published 1827-1829, that classifies Northern Sung
one cash coins by die varieties. Gorny has based this work on Fugo Shensi, essentially giving a numerical
classification to that work, transliterating and translating variety names and giving rarity ratings. There are
rubbings or drawings of all of the varieties. Nice detailed work for those who want to go beyond one coin
per reign.
Gorny, Norman F. Northern Song Dynasty Cash Variety Guide, Volume 2. Kosen Daizen, Song Yuan to Jing
You, A. D. 968 - 1034. Published by the author, Eugene, Oregon, 2003.
A continuation of the authors detailed guide to die varieties of Northern Sung cash.
Gorny, Norman F. Northern Song Dynasty Cash Variety Guide, Volume 3. Kosen Daizen, Huang Song to Xi
Ning, A.D. 1038-1071. Published by the author, Eugene, Oregon, 2003.
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A continuation of the authors detailed guide to die varieties of Northern Sung cash
Gorny, Norman F. Northern Song Dynasty Cash Variety Guide, Volume 4. Kosen Daizen, Yuan Feng to Yuan
You, A.D. 1078-1086. Published by the author, Eugene, Oregon, 2003.
A continuation of the authors detailed guide to die varieties of Northern Sung cash.
Gorny, Norman F. Northern Song Dynasty Cash Variety Guide, Volume 5. Kosen Daizen, Yuan You to Chong
Ning, A.D. 1093-1102. Published by the author, Eugene, Oregon, 2004
A continuation of the authors detailed guide to die varieties of Northern Sung cash.
Gorny, Norman F. Northern Song Dynasty Cash Variety Guide, Volume 6. Kosen Daizen, Chong Ning to Xuan
He, A.D. 1102-1119. Published by the author, Eugene, Oregon, 2004
A continuation of the authors detailed guide to die varieties of Northern Sung cash.
Gorny, Norman F. Northern Song Dynasty Cash Variety Guide, Volume 7. Kosen Daizen, Xuan He to Jing
Kang, A.D. 1119-1126. Also Including Southern Song, Western Xia, and Jin Dynasty Supplements.
Published by the author, Eugene, Oregon, 2004
A continuation of the authors detailed guide to die varieties of Northern Sung cash.
Goron, Stan and J. P. Goenka. The Coins of the Indian Sultanates Covering the Area of Present-day India,
Pakistan and Bangladesh. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Dehli, 2001.
An extensive and incredibly well-produced catalouge of the Arab Governors of Sind, Amirs of Sind, Amirs
of Multan, Ghaznavids, Sultans of Dehli, Sultans of Bengal, Madura, Bahmani Sultans and their precursors,
‘Adil Shahs of Bijapur, Barid Shahs of Bidar, Nizam Shahs of Ahmadnagar, Qutb Shahs of Golkonda,
Sultans of Jaunpur, Kalpi, Gujarat, Khandesh, Kashmir, Sind and the Punjab. There is good introductory
information, each type is photographed, and the legends are described. Legends are written out in Arabic in
the coin descriptions, but can generally be found elswhere. Printed on good heavy paper. A wonderful
production that generally makes Rajgor’s catalogue obsolete.
Goryachev, S. A. Monety Korolya Sigizmunda III/ Coins of King Sigismund III. Izdatyelstvo Gezakom, Saint
Petersburg, 1998.
A nice high-quality catalogue of the coins of King Sigismund III of Poland (1587-1632). The illustrations
are great, and there are descriptions of many varieties. Cool little book.
Goussous, Nayef G. Coinage of the Ancient and Islamic World. Arab Bank, Amman, Jordan, 1991.
A beautiful overview of the coins of Syria. Includes both ancient and Islamic, with heavy emphasis on
Umayyad coppers of the five junds of Bilad al-Sham (Greater Syria). Fantastic photos, legends of coins
written out, great maps. Outstanding bank publication.
Goussous, Nayef G. Umayyad Coinage of Bilad al-Sham. Arab Bank, Amman, Jordan, 1996.
History and numismatics of Umayyad Syria, with strong emphasis on copper coinage. It is not a
comprehensive catalogue, but more a narrative of the historical development of the coinage and methods
used to investigate it. He summarizes various authors’ classification schemes (Bates, Qedar, etc.). Nice
book.
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Grabar, Oleg. The Coinage of the Tulunids. Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 139. American Numismatic
Society, New York, 1957.
The standard reference on the Islamic Tulunid dynasty (868-905). Almost 100 coins described, with Arabic
legends written out, and 25 photographed. Extensive history of the dynasty.
Granberg, Beatrice. Förteckning Över Kufiska Myntfynd I Finland. Studia Orientalia Edidit Societas Orientalis
Fennica XXXIV, Helsinki, 1966.
A list of finds of Islamic coins found in Finland. The coins include Sasanian, Arab-Sasanian, Tabaristan,
Umayyad, Spanish Umayyad, Abbasid, Tahirid, Idrisid, Tudgha, Zaidid, Saffarid, Samanid, Hamdanid,
Ziyarid, Volga-Bulghar, Uqaylid, Marwanid, Qarakhanid, and imitations of Spanish Umayyad, Abbasid,
Samanid, Uqaylid and other types. Some of the find desriptions have coin legends transliterated. Important
coins are photographed.
Grasser, Walter. Bayerische Muenzen vom Silberpfennig zum Golddukaten. Rosenheimer Verlagshaus, 1980.
A heavily-illustrated narrative history of Bavarian coinage from the earliest times through the 20th century.
Gray, John C. F. Tranquebar: A Guide to the Coins of Danish India circa 1620-1845. Quarteman Publications,
Lawrence, MA, 1974.
History and description of these crude coins. Includes both line drawings and photographs of each coin.
st
Grek, T. V. And E. V. Zeimal’. Indiiskaya Gemma-Pechat’ I v. N.E./ Indian Sealstones from the 1 Century AD.
Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XVI, pp. 29-34, 1963.
An Indian seal stone from the Kushan Empire. It has an image of Siva with a bull and a legend around.
There are several photos of Kushan coins showing Siva and the bull for comparison.
Greter-Stueckelberger, Robert. Schweizerische Muenzkataloge IV. Obwalder im 18. une 19. Jahrhundert.
Nidwalden im 19. Jahrhundert. Societe suisse de numismatique, Berne, 1965.
Swiss cantons of Nidwalden and Obwalden, formerly united as Unterwalden.
Grierson, Philip. Bibliographie Numismatique. Cercle D'Etudes Numismatiques Travaux 2, Brussels, 1966. In
French.
Numismatic bibliography by subject matter.
Grierson, Philip. Coins of Medieval Europe. B. A. Seaby, Ltd., London, 1991.
Heavily illustrated historical survey of European coinage from the fifth through the fifteenth centuries. Part
of the Coins in History series.
Grierson, Philip, and Mark Blackburn. Medieval European Coinage 1. The Early Middle Ages (5th -10 th
centuries). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986.
Standard reference for early medieval coinage of Europe, with a catalogue of the coins in the Fitzwilliam
Museum, Cambridge.
Grierson, Philip, and Lucia Travaini. Medieval European Coinage 14. Italy (III) (South Italy, Sicily, Sardinia).
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Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998.
The much-awaited second volume to appear in Grierson’s Medieval European Coinage series. It is every
bit as impressive as the first volume to appear. The Arabic legends on the Norman coinage of Sicily are
transliterated, but not written in Arabic, but cross-references to Travaini’s book should help that. Includes
Duchy of Naples, Princes of Capua, Principality of Salerno, Duchy of Amalfi, Duchy of Gaeta, Norman
Dukes of Apulia, Sicily, Kingdom of Sardinia, Kingdom of Naples. The time period covered is mid 10 th
century to ca 1500.
Grigoriev, V. V. Opisanie Klada iz Zolotoordiyskikh Monet, Naidennago bliz Razvalin Saraya. Zapiski
Sanktpeterburgskago Arkheologichesko-Numizmaticheskago Obshchestva, Volume 2, pp. 1-63, 1850.
(Photocopy, in pre-reform Russian).
A very important early study of coins of the Golden Horde. Approximately 175 coins are described,
ranging from Toqtu (Saray al-Mahrusa 710) through Timur Pulad. It includes issues attributed to Jani Beg
II, later believed to be die cutter’s errors on an issue of Jani Beg. Four plates of very nice line drawings of
coins.
Grimalauskaite, D. Monety Velikogo Knyazhestva Litovskogo v Svete Novykh Otkrytii: Litva (Konets XX - Nachalo
XXI v.)/ Coins of the Great Principality of Lithuania in the World of New Openness: Lithuania (End of the
th st
20 - Beginning of the 21 Century). Pp. 137-161 In: Srednevekovaya Numizmatrika Vostochnoi Yevropy,
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Vypusk I, Izdastel’stvo Drevlekhranilishche, Moscow, 2006.
An examination of recent changes in the attibution of mostly anepigraphic coinage of Lithuania in recent
th
times. There is a table showing how authors from 1894-2004 have differed in their attribution of 14 and
th
and early 15 century coins to specific rulers. Decent photos of various types.
Grishin, I. V. and V. N. Kleshchinov. Rekonstruktsiya i Klassifikatsiya Shtempelei Provolochnikh “Deneg”
Tsarei Fedora, Ivana i Petra Alekseevichei/Reconstruction and Classification of the Varieties of Wire
Dengas under Tsars Fedor, Ivan and Peter Alexievich. Mezhdunarodnyi Numizmaticheskii Al’manakh,
Moneta No. 6, Vologda, pp. 73-77.
Die varieties and combinations of the wire Russian dengas struck from 1676-1698 under tsars Fedor, Ivan
and Peter Alexievich. Line drawings of the different die types.
Grishin, I. V. and V. N. Kleshchinov. Katalog Russkikh Srednevekovykh Monet Vremeni Pravleniya Tsarya
Mikhaila Fedorovicha (1613-1645 gg)/ Catalogue of Medieval Russian Coins Struck during the Time of the
Reign of Czar Mikhail Fedovovich (1613-1645). Editorial URSS, Moscow, 2001.
A continuation of their earlier work on wire money of Russian Czars. This one covers the many die
varieties during the lengthy reign of Mikhail Fedorovich. There are line drawings of all obverse and reverse
die types and listings of all combinations of the types. The types are cross-listed with Mel’nikova numbers
in a table at the end.
Gropp, Gerd. Some Sasanian Clay Bullae and Seal Stones. American Numismatic Society Museum Notes, Vol.
19, pp. 119-144, 1974.
Descriptions of 5 Sasanian clay bullae and 42 seal stones (22 with inscriptions) from the ANS collection.
Grunthal, Henry. Richard Wagner in Medallic Art. In Harald Ingholt, Centennial Publication of the American
Numismatic Society, New York, 1958, pp. 329-348.
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Description of 89 medals devoted to Richard Wagner.
Guehler, U. Further Studies of Old Thai Coins. Journal of the Siam Society, Volume XXXV, Pt. 2, pp. 147-172,
1944. Reprinted in Siamese Coins and Tokens, Andrew Publishing Company, London, 1977.
Significant additions to Le May’s work on Thailand Bullet coins. Includes photographic plates (mediocre
to lousy), and more line drawings of marks found on bullet money.
Guehler, U. Some Investigations on the Evolution of the Pre-Bangkok Coinage. Journal of the Siam Society,
Volume XXXVI, Part 1, pp. 23-37, 1946. Reprinted in Siamese Coins and Tokens, Andrew Publishing
Company, London, 1977.
An attempt at a chronology of Ayuthian bullet coins of Thailand. Many mediocre photographs.
Guehler, U. Notes on Old Siamese Coins. Journal of the Siam Society, Volume XXXVII, Part 1, pp. 1-25, 1948.
Reprinted in Siamese Coins and Tokens, Andrew Publishing Company, London, 1977.
Descriptions of some new bullet types from Thailand, with line drawings of marks and photographs. Also
some tiger tongue coins.
Guehler, U. Symbols and Marks of Old Siamese Coins. Journal of the Siam Society, Volume XXXVII, Part 2, pp.
124-143, 1949. Reprinted in Siamese Coins and Tokens, Andrew Publishing Company, London, 1977.
An attempt at explaining the meaning of symbols on old coins of Thailand. Covers pre-bullet and bullet
coins. Line drawings of the various symbols and photos of various types of coins.
Guilloteau, Victor. Monnaies Francaises: Colonies 1670-1942, Metropole 1774-1942. Versailles, 1937-1942.
Reprint.
An older classic reference on coinage of France and French Colonies. A bit disorganized, but it has types
and patterns not found in Krause or Gadoury. It is arranged by periods and reigns rather than by country.
Great photographs.
Guletski, Demitry. Kalektsyinaya Spadchyna Vyalikaga Knyastva: Mapy, Gravyury, Manety, Pyachatki/ A
Collection of the Heritage of the Grand Duchy: Maps, Engravings, Coins and Seals. I. P. Logvinai, Minsk,
2008. (In Belorussian)
Catalogue of Lithuanian coins, maps, seals. The earliest coins have designs that are sometimes found as
countermarks on coins of the Golden Horde. The catalogue is beautifully done with clear photos, line
drawings, and variations in lettering of later coins.
Gumayunov, S. V. And I. V. Yevstratov. Shongat - Neizvestnyi Monetnyi Dvor Zolotoi Ordy/ Shongat, an
unknown Mint of the Golden Horde. Odinnadtsataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya,
Sankt Petersburg, 14-18 Aprelya 2003, pp. 79-81, 2003.
Shongat is a town in Tatarstan. Two very distinctive anonymous coins are attributed to the Golden Horde
th
in Shongat. Both are photographed. The probably stem from the 14 century.
Gumayunov, S. V. and V. P. Lebedev. Obzor Madzharskogo Chekana Khana Tokty/ A Survey of the Coins of Toqtu
from Majar. P. 123-125 In: Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii. Monety i
Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005, V -
MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
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Three major types of Golden Horde silver coins of Toqtu struck in Majar. Two types refer to the ruler as
Toqtu Beg and are undated. A third type is dated AH 710, both varieties with date written retrograde.
Gumowski, Marian. Handbuch der polnischen Numismatik. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, 1960.
Polish coins from the earliest times.
Gupta, Parmeshwari Lal. Punch-Marked Coins in the Andhra Pradesh Government Museum. Andhra Pradesh
Government Museum Series No. 1, Government Press, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 1961.
A description of 751 punch-marked coins from hoards found in Hyderabad. The coins are the oldest from
India, emanating from the fifth to the second century B. C. The author attempts to divide the coins into
sequential periods. There is a table denoting all the symbols found on the coins, as well as poor
photographic plates of many of the coins.
Gupta, Parmeshwari Lal. The Amaravati Hoard of Silver Punch-Marked Coins. Andhra Pradesh Government
Museum Series No. 6, Hyderabad, 1963.
Description of an immense hoard (over 7,600) Mauryan Punch-marked coins from India. Good plates and
line drawings of the various symbols and combinations of symbols found on the coins.
Gupta, Parmeshwari Lal. Coins. Third Edition. National Book Trust, New Delhi, 1991.
An excellent introduction to the coinage of India from ancient to modern times. Includes much historical
information, as well as a general survey of the coinage. There are 34 medium-quality photographic plates
of 366 coins. Excellent bibliography.
Gupta, Parmeshwari Lal and Terry L. Hardaker. Indian Silver Punchmarked Coins: Magadha-Maurya
Karshapana Series. Indian Insititute of Research in Numismatic Studies, Maharashtra, India, 1985.
A summary of all of the types of Mauryan Punch-mark coins known at the time of writing. There are long
series of line drawings of combinations of marks plus indices. Good introductory material placing the coins
in an historical context. Very useful for attribution.
Gupta, Parmeshwari Lal and Sarojini Kulashreshtha. Kushana Coins and History. D. K. Printworld Ltd., New
Delhi, 1994.
A history of the Kushan empire with emphasis on its coinage. It is not a catalogue, although there are good
photos of several important coin types. It has a lot on chronology of rulers, circulation of coins, and what
the coins tell us about the Kushans.
Gvaberidze, Ts. M. O Novom Monetnom Dvore v Severnoi Ocetii/ On a New Mint in Northern Oseti.
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik Posvyashchayetsya Pamyati D. G. Kapanadze, pp.117-125. Akademiya Nauk
Gruzinskoi SSR, Tbilisi, 1977.
Description of Islamic Ilkhan coins from the Georgian mint of Karjin.
Gvaberidze, Ts. M. Katalog Mednykh Monet Il’khanskogo Irana/ Catalogue of Copper Coins on Ilkhan Iran.
Tbilisi, 1994. In Georgian.
Important catalogue of 352 Ilkhan coppers in the Georgian State Museum. The descriptions of the coins
include the complete Arabic legends written out, and there are line drawings of 102 coins. Difficult to use
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ecause of the language, but not impossible.
Gyselen, Rika. Arab-Sasanian Copper Coinage. Verlag der Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,
Vienna, 2000.
An exhaustive study of Arab-Sasanian coppers. The introductory material covers the monetary prototypes,
the iconography of the coins (busts, fire altar, animals, symbols), letends, dates, and various religious
formulae. More than 100 types are illustrated with good line drawings and very detailed descriptions.
Finally, there are many indices of legends in different scripts, collections, finds, and, at the end,
photographic plates.
Haeberle, Adolf. Ulmer Muenz- und Geldgeschichte des XVI-XIX Jahrhunderts. Verlag des Museums der Stadt
Ulm, 1937. (Ex Libris John S. Davenport).
The catalogue itself has 116 different coins from the modern period of Ulm. The first part of the book is a
numismatic history of the time. It is written in the old Fraktur script, which can definitely cause headaches
to the uninitiated.
Haeck, Aime. De Munten van de Graven van Vlaanderen. Deel 1. Numismatic Pocket No. 16, De Mey, Brussels,
1973.
Flanders (Belgium), from 964-1220.
Hahn, W. R. O. Typenkatalog der Muenzen der bayerischen Herzoege und Kurfuersten, 1506-1805. Verlag
Klinkhardt & Biermann, Braunschweig, 1971.
Bavarian coinage from Albrecht IV through Maximilian IV. Joseph.
Hahn, W. R. O. Moneta Radasponensis: Bayerns Muenzpraegung im 9., 10. und 11. Jahrhundert. Verlag
Klinkhardt & Biermann, Braunschweig, 1976.
A detailed account of early Bavarian (Regensburg) coinage, including the neighboring Nabburg, Cham,
Neuburg, Salzburg, Eichstaett, Freising, Passau, and Augsburg.
Hamidi, Hakim. A Catalog of Modern Coins of Afghanistan. Ministry of Finance, Kabul, 1967.
A catalog of machine struck coins of Afghanistan, 1880 to the time of publication of the book. More
historic information than in Krause. Does not have Arabic legends, but does have transliterated Arabic and
translations.
Harris, Robert P. A Guidebook of Russian Coins, 1725-1972. Second Edition. Mevius & Hirschhorn Int. B. V.,
Amsterdam, 1974.
A catalogue of coins of Catherine I through the Soviet Union. Includes mintage figures, 1974 prices in two
grades, and more extensive notes on moneyers, mints, etc. than in Krause. Considered by some to be the
standard reference for all metals.
Hartill, David. Cast Chinese Coins: A Historical Catalogue. Trafford Publishing, Victoria, British Columbia,
Canada, 2005.
The only catalogue for Chinese coins that you need. An amazing effort that replaces Schjoth, Fisher Ding,
and Jen. Includes an extremely thorough treatment of early cowries, ant nose, spade and knife coins.
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Illustrated with rubbings. Includes fifteen grades of rarity, concordance with Schjoth and FD numbers, as
well as identification guides, Wade-Giles and Pinyin concordance, lists of emperors, etc. Also very easy to
use.
Hattori, Naoto. The Khulba. Studies on the Islamic Coinages in Central Asia. Volumes 1 - 9 (Complete), with an
index in two parts. Published by the author, Kyoto, Japan, 1990-2002.
All articles were written by Mr. Hattori, with extensive documentation based on contemporary writings and
correspondence with today’s scholars. Each volume is individually made by hand with original color
photos of many coins. This is truly a set of journals worth having and one that should be in more libraries.
Articles with an asterisk (*) are revisited in subsequent issues.
Volume 1 (April, 1990)
*Ghazna before the so-called Ghaznavids. History and coinage of the earliest Ghaznavids..
*Central Asian Dinars in Medieaval Islamic Times. Nine Great Seljuq, Qarakhanid and
Khwarizmshah dinars.
*The Dirhams of the Great Seljuq Empire. An attempt at a comprehensive listing of silver and
copper dirhams of the Great Seljuqs, with descriptions of some coins from the author’s
collection.
Volume 2 (May, 1990)
th th
*The Falus and Pashiz Hoard from Central Asian Dynasties (Mainly 4 Century A.H./ 10
Century A.D. Description of part of a hoard (more than 529 coins) of copper fulus from
Central Asia, presumably found in the Ghazna vicinity. Includes Abbasid, Samanid, early
Ghaznavid, Saffarid, Muhtajid and Ma’munid. Very nicely done with coin descriptions,
color photos, excellent references and maps.
Volume 3 (November, 1990)
A Short Additional Note to the Khulba (2), May, 1990. Three more fulus from the hoard.
The Small Fulus Hoard from the Early Samanids. Isma’il b. Ahmad, Nasr b. Ahmad II.
A Second Fals of Mansur b. Bilkatekin (of Ghazna). Early Ghaznavid.
A Dirham of Chagri Bak Da’ud. Great Seljuq
*A Dirham of the Ghuzz Leader in Herat around 550 A.H./ 1155-56 A.D. A dirham of Abu al-
Muzaffar Bagor Quba from Herat, undated.
*The Ghurid Dirhams of Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam from Central Asian Mint of Taliqan.
Ten Ghorid dirhams, and a good historical overview of the Ghorids in Taliqan.
Volume 4 (June, 1992)
Re-examinations of some Coins from The Khulba (1),(2),(3). Additional comments on coins in
previous articles.
*A Complex Dinar of Saldjui Sandjar from Balkh. Description of a Great Seljuq dinar of Sanjar
with extremely small calligraphy.
Observations on the Bow and Arrow Device on the Tughril Bak’s Neyshabur Coins. Discussion
of a Great Seljuq dirham lacking the bow and arrow device.
*New Studies on Ghazna before the so-called Ghaznavids. History and numismatics of the early
Ghaznavid dynasty. Mansur b. Bilkatekin was a rival to Mahmud b. Sebuktekin.
Volume 5 (July, 1992)
A Falus of Ibrahim b. ‘Abd al-Ghaffar of 338 (Ghazna). A very rare Fals of the first Ghaznavid
to issue coins.
*A Curious Dirham of Kabus b. Wushmagir of the Ziyarids (Die-Link Type). Obverse die of
Astarabad 389. Reverse die citing Caliph al-Ta’i, 363-381.
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Mas’ud Bek al-Khwarazmi and His Coins in the Local Administration Office for Places Like
Beshbalik etc. Under Mongke Khan. An extensive treatment of the copper dirhams and
history of Mas’ud.
Volume 6 (April, 1993)
Short Remarks. Qabus dirham reverse, two Great Seljuq dirhams from Balkh and Ushniya,
Khwarizmshah mint of Qal’ye Nay, Maysur b. Anis (early Ghaznavid).
Researches on Muhammad Arslan, Yusuf Arslan and Sulayman Kadir Tamghac Khakan (Three
main early Islamic coin-groups in Xinjiang). The coinage of late Qarakhanid rulers in
eastern Turkestan, probably struck in Kashgar. Descriptions of crude copper coins from
several large hoards. Good summary of origin and history of these rulers.
The New Caghatay Khans’ Mint, Uzdjand. Chaghatayid coins from Uzkand in Kyrgyzstan.
The Caghatay Khans’ Small Hoard from Afghanistan. Description of nine Chaghatayid coins.
Two are anonymous (Tarmashirin and Yesun Temur by date), three are Khalil Allah and
four are Qazan. Mints are Tirmidh, Bukhara, Badakhshan and Samarqand. Extensive
historical notes about the Chaghatayids.
Book Review - Jian Qixiang, Kara Khanid Coins from Xinjiang. Not very favorable.
Volume 7 (May, 1993)
Mas’ud Bek al-Khwarazmi and His Coins under the Kaidu Dynasty. An extensive examination
of coins of the Chingizid Mas’ud al Khwarizmi and his place in history. In-depth
discussion of the Kaidu dynasty (part of the Chaghatayids), their mints and monetary
circulation. Notes on Chaghatayid history.
Volume 8 (October, 1993)
Short Remarks. Ghaznids, Ziyarids, Khwarizmshahs, Mas’ud al-Khwarizmi, Chaghatayid,
Timurid.
The Enigmatic Samanid Fals (A Variant). Die linked to Mansur b. Nuh. Mint might be Farwan.
Date off flan.
The Early Dirham from the Ghurid Talikan, dated 566 A.H. Muhammad b. Sam, Taliqan 566.
*The Khwarazm Shahs Army Knew the Site of Firuzkuh (The Secret Capital of the Ghurids).
Two dirhams of Muhammad b. Tekesh from Firuzkuh along with an extensive analysis of
a proposed location for Firuzkuh in Afghanistan.
*The Swat Hoard and Who did bring Coins to Swat (from the Mongols to the Safavids).
Description of 37 coins from a hoard in northern Pakistan. Includes wide range of
dynasties, including Chingizid of Mongke, Ilkhan, Sarbadar, Muzaffarid, Jalayrid,
Timurid, Aq Qoyunlu, Qara Qoyunlu and Safavid. Analysis of history of the time these
dynasties existed.
Volume 9 (May, 1994)
Short Remarks.
A Fals of the Audacious Fa’ik Muhammad under Samanids. Balkh 368 or 378. Al-Fa’iq
Muhammad helped put Mansur b. Nuh on the throne in AH 350.
One Comment on the Weight Standard of the Ghaznavid Coins.
The Solution to the Ghazna/Herat Problem.
A Outsize Dirham of Mahmud from Warwaliz. Multiple dirham from Warwaliz, 393 (?), issued
by Mahmud (Ghaznavid).
A First Dated Dirhamof Caghri Bak from Balkh. Great Seljuq. Balkh 43x.
An End in Sight for Firuzkuh. More on the location of Firuzkuh. Khwarizmshah.
A Unique Dinar of the Independent Atsiz, the Khwarazm Shah. Atsiz was the earliest
Khwarizmshah ruler. The dirham was struck in Kharizm. A brief history of Atsiz is
included.
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The Dates of Mas’ud al-Khwarizmi Coins. Chingizid
A Unfamiliar Copper Coin dated 75(2,3,4). Neat coin, maybe struck in Bust.
Some Studies on Coins of the Kaidu Dynasty. Early anonymous Chaghatayid.
th
Hoard Report. 1. 10 Century coppers (lists only but for fals of Ma’munid Ahmad b.
Muhammad Shah). 2. Chaghatayid (list plus description of Taimur Shah from Otrar). 3.
Supplements to Swat Hoard. Qara Qoyunlu, Safavid.
Hauberg, P. Myntforhold og Udmyntninger i Danmark indtil 1146, avec un resume en francais: Histoire
monetaire du Danemark jusqu'en 1146. Copenhagen, 1900. In Danish with French summary.
The key reference on the earliest coinage of Denmark through 1146. The book includes a historical
overview of the coinage of the period (in Danish and in French), lists of moneyers, mints, hoards, etc., as
well as twelve plates of drawings of the various coin types. Each plated coins is fully described.
Hauberg, P. Danmarks Myntvaesen i Tidsrummet 1146-1241, avec un resume en francais: Histoire monetaire du
Danemark de 1146 a 1241. Copenhagen, 1906. In Danish with French summary. Bound with Hauberg
(1900).
The key reference on coinage of Denmark from 1146 to 1241. Each coin is fully described and depicted
with a line drawing. There are historical overviews in both Danish and French.
[Hauberg, P.] Fortegnelse over Museumsinspektor P. Hauberg's efterladte Samling af Danske og Norske Monter.
Auction Catalogue, Holger Hede, Kopenhagen, 1929.
An auction catalogue of almost 4000 lots of Danish coins from the 9th through the 19th centuries. The
auction represented duplicates in Hauberg's collection. There are 13 plates of photographs. There are many
varieties of the earliest coinage with different obverse and reverse legends, moneyers, etc.
Haupt, Walther. Saechsische Muenzkunde. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, (East) Berlin, 1974. One
volume of text, one of plates.
Coinage of Saxony, from the 9th - 20th centuries.
Hauser, Josef. Die Muenzen und Medaillen der im Jahre 1156 gegruendeten (seit 1255) Haupt- und Residenzstadt
Muenchen mit Einreihung jener Stuecke welche hieraur Bezug haben. Verlag von Josef Hauser,
Muenchen, 1905.
An extensive catalogue of coins and medals of Muenchen (Munich), Bavaria. The book is in seven
sections, as follows. Medals of (1) Bavarian royalty, (2) famous personages, (3) awards and medals of
events, festivities, buildings, etc., (4) religious medals, including medals of churches, (5) coins, including
patterns and coinage stuck during the Austrian occupation of 1705-1714, (6) medals of festivities, clubs,
etc. and (7) tokens, beer tokens, bread tokens, etc. Each section is followed by several plates of
photographs. 1245 pieces are fully described and, particularly for medals, annotated with historical notes
regarding reason for issue. Each section has a bibliography, and there is an exhaustive detailed index.
Hazard, Harry W. The Numismatic History of Late Medieval North Africa. American Numismatic Society
Numismatic Studies No. 8, New York, 1952.
The history and coinage of several Islamic dynasties, including Zirid, Hammadid, Hammudid, Murabitid,
Muwahhid, Hudid, Hafsid, Ziyanid, Marinid, Nasrid and Wattasid. The standard reference.
Hazard, Harry W. Late Medieval North Africa: Additions and Supplementary Notes. ANS Museum Notes, Vol.
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12, pp. 195-221, 1966.
Additions to his major corpus. Includes Islamic Murabitid, Muwahhid, Hudid, Hafsid, Ziyanid, Marinid,
Nasrid and Hammudid dynasties.
Head, Barclay V. The Coinage of Lydia and Persia. Originally published 1867. Reprinted by Sanford J. Durst,
Rockville Center, NY, 2000. Includes George Hill, Notes on Imperial Persian Coins.
Classic early publication on some of the earliest Greek and Persian coinage. Most is devoted to the Persian
darics and sigloi with kneeling and running archers. The Lydian coinage includes that of Croesus. There is
a bit of history, some coin descriptions, a few plates.
Head, Barclay V. Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics. New and Enlarged (Second) Edition.
Originally published by Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1911. Reprinted by Spink & Son, London, 1963.
A classic treatment of ancient Greek numismatics. It contains historical and geographic overviews,
descriptions of major coin types, with many photographs in text, and extensive indices, including one of
legends in three languages.
Hebert, Raymond J. Notes on an Umayyad Hoard from Khurasan. ANS Museum Notes, Vol. 12, pp. 157-163,
1966.
Description of a small hoard of 196 Islamic Umayyad dirhams from years 86-115/705-773, from eighteen
mints.
Hebert, Raymond J. Abish bint Sa’d and her Coinage. Hamdard Islamicus, Vol. IX, No. 2, pp. 21-42, 1986.
A nice biography of the queen Abish bint Sa’d, tenth and last Salghurid ruler, with a description of 19 gold,
silver and copper types from her reign. There are photographs of 27 coins.
Hebert, Raymond J. Amirs of Nimroz. NI Bulletin, Vol. 25(6), pp. 130-134, 1990.
A brief article on the Islamic Samanid dynasty, with a list of rulers and description of one coin with month
and year.
Hede, Holger. Danmarks og Norges Monter. Dansk Numismatisk Forening, Copenhagen, 1971.
Coinage of Denmark and Norway from 1541. Includes Wolfenbuettel, Bremen and Verden, Lauenborg,
Oldenborg, Danish West Indies, Iceland and Greenland.
Heidemann, Stefan. Das Aleppiner Kalifat (AD 1261) Vom Ende des Kalifates in Bagdad über Aleppo zu den
Restaurationen in Kairo. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1994.
A fantastic hisory of the last days of the Ayyubid dynasty and the rise of the Mamluks. It is based on many
sources, with numismatic sources playing an important part. Approximately one half of the book is
dedicated to a chronology and numismatic typology of the principal players. It covers coinage of Cairo
(Aibak, Qutuz, Baybars I), Alexandria (‘Ali, Qutuz, Baybars), Damascus (the Ayyubid al-Nasir Salah al-
Din Yusuf II, Hulagu, Baybars I) Aleppo (including Lu’lu’id), Hamah, Harran, Mosul (Badr al-Din Lu’lu,
with and without Möngke, al-Salih Isma’il with Baybars), al-Bawazig, Baghdad (al-Mustasim Billah, the
last Abbasid Caliph, Hulagu, Möngke), Irbil. There are photos of the different coin types, including the
only reference I have with Ilkhan coppers of Irbil. The book is very well written with an easy German style.
90

Heidemann, Stefan. A new Ruler of the Marwanid Emirate in 401-1010 - and Further Considerations on the
Legitimizing Power or Regicide. ARAM, Volume 9-10, pp. 599-517, 1997-1998.
The description of a small hoard of Marwanid and Uqaylid dirhams. There was one coin of a previously
unknown ruller, Sharwin b. Muhammad (401/ 1010-1011) who, according to contemporary sources, had
taken the throne after killing the previous ruler, Mumahhid al-Daula Abu Mansur Sa’id. Sharwin had no
family ties to the succession and rose to the throne only through the principle of regicide, He who kills the
king becomes king. There are good photos of all of the coins and a detailed description of that of Sharwin.
Heidemann, Stefan. The Merger of Two Currency Zones in Early Islam. The Byzantine and Sasanian Impact on
the Circulation in Former Byzantine Syria and Northern Mesopotamia. Iran, Volume 36, pp. 95-112,
1998.
An interesting discussion of the transition from pre-reform (Arab-Byzantine and Arab-Sasanian) coinage to
the coins of the monetary reform of ‘Abd al-Malik. The author’s analysis is based on findings from several
hordes.
Heidemann, Stefan. Ein Schatzfund aus dem Raqqa der Numairidenzeit, die “Siedlungsluecke” in
Nordmesopotamien und eine Werkstatt in der Grossen Moschee. Damaszener Mitteilungen, Volume 11,
pp. 227-242, 1999.
A hoard of 8 Numayrid black dirhams were found in a work station of a mosque in an archaeological
excavation in al-Raqqa. These were the first Numayrid coins to have been found in an archaeological
setting. All eight coins are carefully and completely described, and there are very good photographic plates
of all of them.
Heidemann, Stefan. Timur’s Campmint during the Siege of Damascus in 803/1401. Cahiers de Studia Iranica,
Volume 21, pp. 179-206, 1999.
A discussion of the monetary and numismatic consequences of Timur’s (Timurid) siege of Damascus based
on the nine known coins struck at the campmint during that time. Timur received a huge ransom, but was
dissatisfied because of the debased nature of the coinage. The camp mint was responsible for refining the
silver to lower its weight so it would be easier to transport. It earned money for Timur’s treasury and it
served as a propaganda tool. Five of the coins known to have been struck with the Dimashq mint name are
described and photographed.
Heidemann, Stefan. Die Fundmuenzen von Harran und ihr Verhaeltnis zur lokalen Geschichte. Bulletin of SOAS
(School of Oriental and African Studies), Vol. 68(2), pp. 267-299, 2002.
The description and analysis of 264 coins found during archaeological excavations in Harran during the
1940s and 1950s. The coins show that Harran was more closely tied with cities in northern Syria (via Saruj
and Manbij) than with al-Raqqa in the south of the Balikh valley. The coins include Byzantine, Umayyad,
Abbasid, imitation Abbasid, Numayrid, Great Seljuq in Mosul (al-Malik Mas’ud), Antioch, Danishmandid,
Rum Seljuq, Zangid of Aleppo, Ayyubid, Artuqid of Mardin, Ilkhan, Ottoman. The majority of the coins
are copper. Most are described fully with legends written out, and many have a lengthy commentary about
their significance in the grand scheme of the economy of Harran. Many are photographed. Another superb
work by the author.
Heidemann, Stefan. Die Renaissance der Staedte in Nordsyrien und Nordmesopotamien: Staedtische Entwicklung
und wirtschaftliche Bedingungen in ar-Raqqa und Harran von der Zeit der beduinischen Vorherrschaft bis
zu den Seldschuken. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 2002.
91

th th
A wonderful history of northern Syria and northern Mesopotamia in the 5 /11th and 6 /12th centuries based
on, inter alia, numismatic sources. The dynasties covered are the Numayrids, Seljuqs, Rum Seljuqs,
Artuqids, ‘Uqaylids, Abbasids and Hamdanids, with the emphasis being placed on the Numayrids. The
primary mints for coins in the study are Harran, ar-Raqqa and ar-Ruha. There are very good photographic
plates of 69 coins. Otherwise, the book is all text. This is the only publication I know of that covers the
Numayrids.
Heidemann, Stefan. Maria Pawlowna und der Umbruch in der Orientalistik. Die Gruending des Grossherzoglichen
Orientalischen Muenzkabinetts. In: Joachin Berger and Moachim von Puttkamer (Editors), Jenaer
Beitraege zur Geschichte, Volume 9, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, pp. 221-259, 2005.
Interesting history of the role of the wife of Grossherzog Carl Friedrich von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach in
the blossoming of interest in Islamic culture and the founding of the Coin Cabinet in Jena. Includes a
photograph of the so-called crown of the Golden Horde ruler Jani Beg.
Heidemann, Stefan and Claudia Sode. Christlich-Orientalische Bleisiegel im orientalischen Muenzkabinett Jena.
ARAM, Volume 11-12, pp. 553-593, 1999-2000.
Byzantine lead seals with Arabic and Syrian inscriptions. Most have busts of Christ, Mary or a saint. There
th
is also a history of the collection including letters and drawings from the 19 century between Dr. A. D.
Mordtmann and J. G. Stickel. Twenty-four seals are photographed and described.
Heiss, Aloiss. Descripcion General de las Monedas Hispano-Cristianas desde la Invasion de los Arabes, Three
Volumes. Originally published in Madrid, 1865-1869. Reprinted in Zaragoza, 1962.
The old standard reference on post-Islamic Spain. The coin descriptions include full legends, and there are
wonderful line drawings of the coins. A great reference that has not been replaced by more modern
references like Cayon and Castan. The reprint is well done.
Heiss, Aloiss. Atlas of the Ancient Coins of Spain. Plates from Description Generale des Monnaies Antiques de
l'Espagne published in Paris, 1870. Reprinted by Ares Publishers Inc., Chicago, 1976.
Sixty-eight plates of line drawings of ancient Spanish coins from B.C. 350 through Roman imperial times.
There is an introduction by Barclay V. Head giving a brief overview of the coinage.
Henderson, J. R. The Coins of Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan. First published Madras, 1921. Reprint by
Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, 1989.
A catalogue of the coins of Mysore in southern India from 1761-1799. There is a decent historical
introduction, followed by a catalogue of really good descriptions of the coins. The coins of Haidar Ali are
arranged by type, while those of Tipu Sultan, a much more extensive series, is arranged by mint. The
section on Tipu Sultan has a good introduction explaining the mints, dates, names of cyclical years, names
of months, letter year, and denominations/names of coins. The photographic plates are actually quite good.
Hennequin, Gilles. Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes: Asie Pre-Mongole, Les Salguqs et leurs Successeurs.
Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, 1985.
An exceptional catalogue of the Islamic coins in the Bibliotheque Nationale covering the Seljuq and post-
Seljuq periods. Each of over 2000 coins is fully described and photographed, and each dynasty includes a
bibliography. Dynasties covered include Great Seljuqs (also Syria, Kirman and Iraq), Burids, Zengids,
Lu’lu’ids, Begteginids, Artuqids, Begtimurids, Ildegizids, Salghurids, Inalid (and other countermarked
Byzantine), Shirvanshahs (Khaqanid), Sulamids, (Malik of Darband), Pishkinids, Seljuqs of Rum,
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Salduqids, Menkujakids, Danishmandids, Isfendiyarids, Saruhan, Menteshe, Eretnids, Qaramanids.
Hennequin, Gilles. Les Collections Monetaires: Monnaies de l’Islam et du Proche-Orient. Administration des
Monnaies et Medailles, Paris, 1988.
A catalogue of museum holdings. It includes a brief historical overview of Islamic coinage with photos of
coins from different periods. The listing of coins includes descriptions of legends, etc., but a lot of the
catalogue is simply a list of coins with mints, dates, weight and diameter. Dynasties covered are ‘Abbasid,
Ottoman, Umayyad of Spain, Almoravid, Almohade, Marinid, Alawi Sharifs, Mauritania, Algeria, Hafsid,
Tunisia, Libya, Fatimid, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Afars and Issas, Djibouti, Zanzibar,
Comoros, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Crusader States, Palestine (British), Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Cyprus,
Cilician Armenia, Seljuq of Rum, Turkey, Golden Horde, Giray Khans, Georgia, Shirvanshah, Zengid, Iraq,
Ilkhan, Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, Qajar, Bukhara, Khiva, Khoqand, Durrani, Barakzai, Afghanistan. High
point of book is its great photos.
Hennequin, Gilles. Les Collections Monetaires: Monnaies d’Asie du Sud et du Sud-Est. Direction des Monnaies
et Medailles, Paris, 1991.
Catalogue includes Ghorids, Dehli Sultante, Jaunpur, Gujarat, Malwa, Mughals, independent states of India,
Colonial India, Indian Princely States, Burma, Nepal, Pakistan, Ceylon, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaya,
Dutch East Indies, Indonesia, Philippines. The catalogue itself is just a listing of coins with no descriptions,
but there are great photos in the plates at the end. The beginning has a decent short overview of the coinage
and history, and there are great maps of India from different periods of time.
Hennequin, Gilles, and Abu-l-Faraj al-’Ush. Les Monnaies de Balis. Institut Francais de Damas, Damascus,
1978.
A description of over 2,500 coins, mostly Islamic copper, found in Balis (Meskeneh), Syria. The hoard
included Roman and Byzantine and the following Islamic dynasties: Arab-Byzantine, Umayyad, ‘Abbasid,
Fatimid, Rum Seljuq, Artuqid, Zengid, Ayyubid, Ottoman. Legends written out where legible. Decent
photographic plates of select examples.
Herinek, Ludwig. Oesterreichische Muenzpraegungen von 1657-1740. Muenzhandlung Herinek, Vienna, 1972.
Austrian coinage from Leopold I through Karl VI, the time immediately preceding Maria Theresa.
Herrli, Hans. The Coins of the Sikhs. Indian Coin Society, Nagpur, 1993.
The best work on the coins of the Sikh Empire in India and present-day Kashmir and Pakistan. There are
great coin descriptions with excellent line drawings. The book is full of explanatory material making it not
only a coin catalogue, but also a cultural history of the Sikhs. This should be the only book needed on the
subject. Extensive bibliography.
Herrli, Hans. The Coins of the Sikhs. Second Revised and Augmented Edition. Munshiram Manoharlal
Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.
A significant expansion and update of his first edition. This book is the only one needed for both the
numismatics and the history of the Sikhs. A beautiful book!
Herrli, Hans. Gold Fanams, 1336 - 2000. Reesha Books International, Mumbai, 2006.
Nice catalogue of tiny gold coins of India and Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Includes nice line drawings of the
93

different types as well as enlarged black and white photos. Includes unidentified coins and some modern
fakes.
Hessler, Gene and PCDA. Collecting U.S. Obsolete Currency. Professional Currency Dealers Association,
Milwaukee, 1991.
A small booklet explaining in general terms the variety of U.S. currency issued between 1780 and the
1860's. It includes historical notes and tips on how to collect obsolete currency. Includes many
photographs.
el-Hibri, Tayeb. Coinage Reform under the ‘Abbasid Caliph al-Ma’mun. Journal of Economic and Social History
of the Orient, Volume XXXVI, pp. 58-83, 2003.
The author traces three changes that occurred in the gold and silver coinage of the Abbasid Caliph al-
Ma’mun. There was a change in the style of Kufic script, the addition of a second marginal “victory”
legend from the Quran, and a trend back to anonymity of the coinage. The changes were not implemented
simultaneously in all mints. The author attributes some of the changes to Ma’mun’s attempt to regain
control of the Caliphate after the overthrow and execution of his brother al-‘Amin.
Hill, G. F. The Ancient Coinage of Southern Arabia. Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 7, pp. 57-84,
1915. Reprinted by Argonaut, Inc., Chicago, 1969.
A discussion of the earliest coinage from the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. There are a few
photographs and discussions of titles, legends, monograms, etc., found on the coins, but it is not
comprehensive and does not really describe too many coins. Interesting, though, since my only other book
on southern Arabia is in Russian.
Hinz, Walther. Die spätmittelalterlichen Währungen im Bereich des Persischen Golfes. Pp. .303-314, In: C. E.
Bosworth (Ed.), Iran and Islam, In Memory of the Late Vladimir Minorsky. Edinburgh University Press,
Edinburgh, 1971.
A study of of exchange rates between Europe and Lar (capital of Larestan in South Iran), Hormuz, Dehli
Sultanate and the Mughal Empire in the middle ages (1300-ca 1600). The final table has the value of a
Toman in Goldmarks from 1300-1907. The really interesting part of the article is that the currency of Lar
was the Larin (also known then as a tängä). In 1527, one larin was worth 1.67 Goldmarkds. Neat
economics!
Hinz, Walther. Islamische Waehrungen des 11. Bis 19. Jahrhunderts umgerechnet in Gold. Otto Harrassowitz,
Wiesbaden, 1991.
A study of exchange rates and costs of goods through nine centuries in the Islamic world. Each part of the
world is treated separately, with a sequential listing of sources and data by year. Interesting book.
Hirano, Shinji. The Ghaghara-Gandak River Region. Archaic Silver Punchmarked Coinage, c. 600-300 B.C.
Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies (IIRNS) Publications, Maharashtra, 2007.
Part of the AHATA project documenting and classifying Indian punchmark coinage. This volume deals
with coinage of the Ganges valley. The coins are of the Ayodhya Hoard-type and Narhan Hoard-type,
mostly the latter. The author speculates that the Narhan coins circulated from BC 600-450 when Magadha
was a local power. He develops a chronological series, establishes the order of punches, and has produced
a beautiful catalogue with photographs of the coins and drawings of the different types with all the symbols.
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Hirmer, Max. Roemische Kaisermuenzen. Insel-Verlag, Leipzig, 1941.
Plates of coins of the Roman Caesars from Augustus through Philippus II.
Hlinka, Jozef. Vyvoj Penazi a Medaili na Slovensku/History of Coins and Medals in Slovakia. Vydalo Slovenske
Narodne Muzeum v Bratislave v Nakladatelstve Pravda. Bratislava, 1981. Trilingual (Czech, German,
Russian, English).
A guide that accompanied an exhibit of coins, medals and banknotes of Slovakia. Includes ancient,
medieval and modern. Some of the photos are fantastic.
HMZ. HMZ-Katalog, Schweiz, Liechtenstein, 15. Jahrhundert bis Gegenwart. HMZ, Hilterfingen, Switzerland,
1977.
A price catalogue of coinage of Switzerland and cantons, Liechtenstein, bishoprics, duchies, and other coinminting
entities in Switzerland from the 15th century to the present.
Hoernle, A. F. Rudolf. Catalogue of the Central Asiatic Coins, Collected by Captain A. F. De Laessoe, in the
Indian Museum, Calcutta. Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Suppl. to Vol. IV, pp. 1-51, 1889.
Includes some ancients, Sassanian, and the Islamic Abbasids, Khwarezmshahs, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Amir
of Nishapur, Lu'lu'id, Great Seljuq, Seljuq of Rum, Maliks of Sijistan (third Saffarid dynasty), Chingizids,
Ilkhanids, Timurids, Shaybanids, Mangits of Bukhara, Shahs of Persia, Durrani, and some Indian dynasties.
Some coins are described, others just noted as similar to those in other published collections.
Hohertz, H. Edmund. A Catalog of the Square Islamic Coins of Spain, Portugal, and North Africa, 1130-1816 A.D.
Wooster Book Company, Wooster, Ohio, 2008.
A beautiful compilation of all known square Islamic coins. Each type is illustrated with a very clear line
drawing, and Arabic legends are written out separately and translated. Dynasties included are Muwahhid
(Almohad), the Taifas Almohad Algarbe, Ceuta, Lorca, Seville and Valencia, Nardis, Hudid, Hafsis,
Merinid, Wattasid, Sa’dian Sharifs, Ottoman, and several unidentified coins. There is also a long section of
Millares, Spanish imitations of anonymous Muwahhid coins. There is an index of all coin inscriptions with
translations, including Koranic phrases, other religious phrases and selected words, names, and mint-related
words. There is a table of concordances with Vives, Hazard and Medina, index of dates found on the coins,
and a great index of mint names showing the name in proper Arabic and in the style as found on the coin.
Finally, there is a good map of the mint locations and an extensive bibliography. Ed Hohertz has done a
marvelous job, and anyone interested in learning about these coins should have a copy of this book.
Holland, Lionel. Islamic Bronze Weights from Caesarea Maritima. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 31, pp. 171-
201, 1986.
The description of a large group (more than 600 pieces) of weights from the Mediterranean shores of Israel.
They were for the most part scattered field finds, not part of a hoard. They are perhaps from Fatimid times,
but dating is still uncertain.
Holtz, Walter. Abkuerzungen auf Muenzen. Klinkhardt & Biermann, Braunschweig, 1972.
An aid to coin identification. Includes variations in script found on coins, an alphabetical listing of
abbreviations and their meanings, a glossary of terms, and variations on place names found on coins.
Hristovska, Katerina. A Contribution to the Fourteenth-century Venetian Imitative Coinage Found on the
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Territory of the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonian Numismatic Journal, No. 2, pages 139-167, 1996.
An analysis of several hoards of imitation Venetian denars of Lorenzo Tiepolo with an attempt to date and
sequence them. No photos, but weights and legends of coins from several hoards.
Hsu (Sü) T. K. Illustrated Catalog of Chinese Coins. Publisher and Date Unknown. In Chinese.
Standard Chinese reference with valuations of machine-struck coins in all metals. Contains coins with Hsu
numbers in KM plus hundreds more.
Hua GuangPu. Zhong Guo Tong Yuan Mu Lu/ Chinese Struck Copper Coin Catalogue. Mainland China, 1992.
A catalogue of modern struck copper coins from China. Like his other catalogues, the illustrations are
mediocre rubblings, but often there is enough detail to tell what is going on. It has values in Chinese Yuan.
Includes Sinkiang, Tibet, etc.
Hua GuangPu. Zhong Guo Gu Qian Mu Lu/Chinese Ancient Coins Catalogue. Mainland China, 1996.
The standard catalogue of cast cash coins used in mainland China. The coins are illustrated with lowquality
rubbings. Prices in Yuan. The prices are useful for determining relative rarity.
Hua GuangPu. Zhong Guo Yin Yuan Mu Lu/ Chinese Struck Silver Coins Catalogue. Mainland China, 1996.
The standard catalogue of milled silver coins used in mainland China. Includes Sinkiang and Tibet. All
coins are illustrated with low-quality rubbings. Prices in Yuan.
Hua GuangPu. Ching Dai Hsien Feng Da Chien Mu Lu/ Catalogue of Ch’ing Dynasty Multiple Cash Coins of
Hsien Feng. China Tribal Art Photography Publication Co., Beijing, 1998.
A price catalogue of multiple cash (in Chinese Yuan). It is illustrated with rubbings of multiple die
varieties. Somewhat useful for relative rarities, but cannot compare with Ma’s comprehensive work.
Huerlimann, Hans. Zuercher Muenzgeschichte. Kommissionsverlag Berichthaus Zuerich, 1966.
A history of the coinage of Zurich, Switzerland, from earliest times through 1848.
al-Husayni, Muhammad Baqir. Analytic and Statistical Study of Islamic Titles. Sumer, Volume 27, pp. 185-231,
1971 and Volume 28, pp. 153-184, 1972. (Photocopy. In Arabic)
An analysis of names and titles found on coins primarily of the Great Seljuqs and Seljuqs of Rum. There is
a listing of all of the titles, laqabs, names, etc. and the rulers who used them.
Huszar, Lajos. Muenzkatalog Ungarn von 1000 bis Heute. Ernst Battenberg Verlag, Muenchen, 1979.
The coinage of Hungary from Stephan I to modern times.
Huszar, Lajos. Az Erdelyi Fejedelemseg Penzverese/ Coinage of Transylvania. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest,
1995.
A hard-to-find catalogue of Transylvanian coinage from the author of the classic work on Hungarian
coinage. This book is in Hungarian, but it is laid out like his book on Hungary and very easy to use. Each
coin is photographed, and full legends and symbols are included in the coin description. A very nice well-
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produced book.
Hwa-Shia Numismatics Association. Market Prices for Ancient Chinese Coins. China, 2000.
A thin paper pamphlet with Ming and Ch’ing Dynasty coins, market prices in Yuan. Coins are illustrated
with rubbings and are not too bad. Not really useful except for seeing die characteristics for Ch’ing coins to
spot fakes.
Ibrahim, Tawfiq. Nuevas Monedas Almoravides de Tipo Taifas. II. Jarique de Numismatica Hispano-Arab,
Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs de la Diputacio de Lleida, Lleida, pp.259-264, 1988.
New Murabitid coins with legends and good photos.
Ibrahim, Tawfiq. Adiciones al Oro del Califato Omeya de Cordoba. III. Jarique de Numismatica Hispano-Arabe.
Museo Arqueologico Nacional, Madrid, pp. 313-324, 1990.
New gold coins of the Spanish Umayyads. Full legends written out in Arabic, good photographs.
Ibrahim, Tawfiq. El dinar andalusi. Nuevas aportaciones. pp. 35-51 In: A. Canto and V. Salvatierra (Eds.), IV.
Jarique de Numismatica Andalusi, Universidad de Jaen, Museo Casa de la Moneda, 2000.
The description 28 previously unpublished gold Dinars from Islamic Spain. Dynasties include Spanish
Umayyads, Hammudids, Abbadids of Sevilla, Almoravids, and the Nasrids of Granada. Each coin is
superbly photographed and described. A very nice work.
IC Group Insurance Company. 2008 Annual Report. IC Group Insurance Company, Tbilisi, 2008. Bilingual,
Georgian and English.
Nice publication with an overview of Georgian coinage prepared by Irakli Paghavi. Beautiful enlarged
photographs of 21 coins from Colchis through the Mongols, Persian dynasties and modern coinage.
th
Ievlev, V. Dvuglavyi Orel na Persidskoi Monete XIX Veka/ Two-headed Eagle on Persian Coins of the 19
Century. Numizmatika Number 13, pp. 14-20, 2007.
Three variants of coins of Nasir al-Din Qajar from the Astarabad mint. Album 2937, AR Qiran.
Iliescu, Octavian. La monnaie genoise dans les pays roumains aux XIIIe - XVe siecles. Pp. 155 - 171, in Stefan
Pascu (ed.), Colocviul Romano-Italian “Genovezii la Marea Neagra in Secolele XIII - XIV. Editura
Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest, 1977.
Early work on Genoese and Noghaid coinage in Romania.
Ilisch, Lutz. Die Muenzpraegung der Goldenen Horde. Muenstersche numismatische Zeitung, No. 51, pp. 3-5,
1973. Ip numismatische Zeitung, No. 69, pp. 1-2, 1976.
A description of a copper coin from Mardin, AH 542, that is apparently the oldest known Artuqid type. It
was struck in the name or Temurtash ibn al-Ghazi ibn Artuq. Legends written out completely, incomplete
line drawing and a photograph.
Ilisch, Lutz. Die aelteste artuqidische Kupferpraegung. Muenstersche numismatische Zeitung, No. 69, pp. 1-2,
1976.
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A description of a copper coin from Mardin, AH 542, that is apparently the oldest known Artuqid type. It
was struck in the name or Temurtash ibn al-Ghazi ibn Artuq. Legends written out completely, incomplete
line drawing and a photograph.
Ilisch, Lutz. Beitraege zur mamlukischen Numismatik II: Berichte ueber die Einfuehrung neuer Kupfermuenzen in
Kairo im Jahr 759 H. Muenstersche numismatische Zeitung, N. 71, pp. 3-4, 1977.
An interesting report on the circumstances surrounding the minting of copper coins in Mamluk Egypt during
th
the 8 /14th century. Prior to 759 AH there had been very little copper coinage from Cairo because of a
shortage of copper for making the coins. The author reports excerpts from three contempory accounts of
the striking of the copper issues of AH 759 and the increasing replacement of precious metal coinage by
copper coinage through at least the end of the century.
Ilisch, Lutz. Ein neuer Teil des Fundes von Shiraz. Muenstersche numismatische Zeitung, Vol. 8, no. 77, pp. 9-
10, 1978.
The composition of part of a hoard of Sasanian drachms of Khusru I, Hormizd IV and Khusro II. The
hoard was found in Shiraz. Approximately 20 mints from six provinces were represented.
Ilisch, Lutz. Die Muenzen der Buhti von Gazira. Muenstersche Numismatische Zeitung, Vol. 8, no. 80/81, pp. 1-
5, 1978. Photocopy.
The Islamic Bukhti Kurds. Descriptions of coins, a brief history.
Ilisch, Lutz. Die umayyadischen und 'abbasidischen Kupfermuenzen von Hims: Versuch einer Chronologie.
Muenstersche Numismatische Zeitung, Volume X(3), pp. 23-30, 1980. Photocopy.
A description of fifteen known types of copper coins of Hims, Syria, struck by the Islamic Umayyad and
Abbasid dynasties. Includes Arab-Byzantine types. Full legends of coins and a discussion of the
chronology and approximate dating.
Ilisch, Lutz. Ein Fund von Dirham des Mirdasiden Nasr und das Muenzwesen Aleppos im 2. Viertel des 11.
Jahrhunderts AD. Muenstersche numismatische Zeitschrift, vol. XI()4, pp. 41-50, 1981. Photocopy.
An extensive description of a hoard of coins of the Islamic Mirdasid dynasty. It has full descriptions of the
coins and photos of each.
Ilisch, Lutz. Uneditierte Silbermuenzen der Salguqen und ihrer Nachfolger aus Nordsyrien. Muenstersche
numismatische Zeitschrift, vol. XII(1), 1982. pp. 10-12.
Coins of the Seljuqs of Syria (Amir of Aleppo, Amir of al-Rahba). Only five coins are described, one of
which is from the Artuqids in Aleppo.
Ilisch, Lutz. Ein Mas’udi-Dirham des Sarifen-Rebellen Gammaz aus Mekka 651 H. Muenstersche numismatische
Zeitung, vol. XII(2), pp. 15-16, 1982.
The description of an extremely rare dirham (Steve Album says maybe a half dirham) of Jammaz b. al-
Hasan of the Qatadid Sharifs of Mecca. Although the family served as sharifs of Mecca for more than 700
years, this it the only coin known from them. It was struck in Mecca in AH 651.
Ilisch, Lutz. Beitraege zur mamlukischen Numismatik V: Inedta des Abbasidenkalifen al-Musta’in billah aus
syrischen Muenzstaetten. Muenstersche numismatiche Zeitung, Vol. XII(4), pp. 39-41, 1982.
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Three previously unpublished coins (one silver, two copper) of the Abbasid Caliph al-Musta’in billah in
Syria. He was made Sultan by the Mamluks in 815/1412, but was forced to abdicate after six months. He
was recognized as Sultan in Syria until AH 817. Interesting article with a great historical explanation of
how an Abbasid Caliph two centuries after the fall of the Abbasid dynasty.
Ilisch, Lutz. Mayafariqin 657 H. Muenstersche numismatische Zeitung, Vol. XIII(3), pp. 33-34, 1983.
Two interesting dirhams struck in Mayafariqin by the Ayyubids in AH 657. This was one year after the
murder of the last Abbasid Caliph by the Mongols and during the time that Mayafariqin was besieged by the
Mongol armies. The coins lack the name or titles of al-Kamil, the Ayyubid ruler, and have the names of the
four Rashidun in the place of the deceased Caliph.
Ilisch, Lutz. Zwei Funde osmanischer Maydins aus dem Yaman. Muenstersche numismatische Zeitung, Vol.
XIII(4), pp. 35-37, 1983.
Two small hoards of Ottoman silver in Yemen. The first contained 49 coins of Sulayman I from Halab,
Zabid, Mar’ash, and Misr. The second contained coins of Sulayman I from Halab, Dimashq, San’a and
Misr; Selim II from Halab and Misr; Murad II from Halab, Dimashq and Misr; Ahmad I, ‘Uthman II,
Murad IV and Ibrahim, all from Misr, and four anonymous coppers, two from Zabid (one dated AH 926
and one undated), and two others without mint or date.
Ilisch, Lutz. Geschichte der Artuqidenherrschaft von Mardin zwischen Mamluken und Mongolen, 1260-1410 AD.
Ph.D. Dissertation, Westfaelischen Wilhelms-Universitaet zu Muenster. 1984.
An in-depth history of the Artuqids of Mardin. It is not a numismatic study.
Ilisch, Lutz. Muenzgeschenke und Geschenkmuenzen in der mittelalterlichen islamischen Welt. Muenstersche
numismatische Zeitung, Vol. XIV(2), pp. 7-12, 1984.
The first part of the publication of his Master’s thesis on Donative and/or presentation coins in the Islamic
world. This part consists only of the introduction, acknowledgments, sources and bibliography.
Ilisch, Lutz. Muenzgeschenke und Geschenkmuenzen in der mittelalterlichen islamischen Welt (Fortsetzung).
Muenstersche numismatische Zeitung, Vol. XIV(3), pp. 15-24, 1984.
This is the second installment o the author’s Master’s thesis on Islamic Donative or Presentation coins. It is
the presentation of material analyzed in subsequent installments. This installment has Abbasid types in gold
and silver including nice bull and horseman types of al-Muqtadir. The coins are nicely photographed and
the legends are written out in Arabic.
Ilisch, Lutz. Muenzgeschenke und Geschenkmuenzen in der mittelalterlichen islamischen Welt (Fortsetzung).
Muenstersche numismatische Zeitung, Vol. XIV(4), pp. 27-34, 1984.
The third installment on the series of Islamic donative and presentation coins. This one continues the
presentation of material. It finishes up the Abbasid types and then covers early Iranian dynasties.
Ilisch, Lutz. Muenzgeschenke und Geschenkmuenzen in der mittelalterlichen islamischen Welt (Fortsetzung).
Muenstersche numismatische Zeitung, Vol. XV(1), pp. 5-12, 1985.
The fourth installment. Finishes up Iranian dynasties (including Great Seljuq and Safavid), then briefly
covers India and begins Iraq.
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Ilisch, Lutz. Whole and Fragmented Dirhams in Near Eastern Hoards. In: Kenneth Jonsson and Brita Malmer,
Sigtuna Papers: Proceedings of the Sigtuna Symposium on Viking-Age Coinage, Spink & Son Ltd.,
London, pp. 121-128, 1989.
There is a paucity of hoards in the Near East after the death of al-Rashid in AD 809. The author analyzed
four hoards from after this time and discovered a substantial number of broken or fragmented coins. These
coins tend to be ignored by collectors so never make it to market. The statistical comparison of hoards from
this time and earlier times when fragmentation was infrequent can lead to faulty results.
Ilisch, Lutz. The dirham from Burial 16. In: Gernot Wilhelm and Carlo Zaccagnini, Tell Karrana 3, Tell Jikan,
Tell Khirbet Salih, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, pp. 221-222, 1993.
A dirham from al-Mawsil dated AH 277 (890-891 AD) from the burial site is not only a unique previously
unknown type, but also allows the dating of the burial to the last decade of the ninth Century. In addition
to the Caliph and his successor, the coin has the names of Muhammad, referring to Muhammad ibn Abi-s-
Saj Diwdad (Founder of the Sajid dynasty in Armenia) and the beginning of the title Dhu, referring to Ishaq
ibn Kundaj, lord of Mosul, who was given the title Dhu-s-sayfayn.
Ilisch, Lutz. Sylloge Numorum Arabicorum Tuebingen. Palaestina. IVa Bilad as-Sam I. Ernst Wasmuth Verlag,
Tuebingen, 1993.
The first installment in publication of the Islamic collection at Tuebingen, augmented significantly by the
purchase of Steve Album's collection. Includes mint towns of Jerusalem, Filastin, Bayt-Gabrin, Ar-Ramla,
'Asqalan, Gazza, Qaysariya, Ludd, Yubna, Adri'at, Baniyas, Baysan, Garas, Sarruriya, Tabariya, al-Urdunn,
'Akka, 'Amman. Includes following dynasties: Umayyad (including Arab-Byzantine), Abbasid, Ottoman,
Ikhshidid, Qaramita, Fatimid, Emir of Damascus, Ayyubid, and the Crusader State of Jerusalem. Good
map, full Arab incriptions, wonderful plates, and analysis of chronology of undated coppers.
Ilisch, Lutz. Islamic Numismatics. In: Cecile Morrison and Bernd Kluge, A Survey of Numismatic Research,
1990-1995, IAPN Special Publication No. 13, Berlin, pp. 719-740, 1997.
An excellent summary of numismatic research broken down by geographic area and including a
bibliography of 258 references, also divided by geographic area. A good bibliographic reference for
finding recent literature on Islamic and some pre-Islamic coinage.
Ilisch, Lutz. Die Tuebinger Sammlung islamischer Muenzen. In: Stefan Heidemann, Islamische Numismatik in
Deutschland: Eine Bestandsaufnahme, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 129-162, 2000.
A very nice historical narrative of the Islamic collection at Tuebingen, including a biographical sketch of
Steve Album and outline of the circumstances leading up to the sale of his collection to the university.
There is also an extensive bibliography of publications of Islamic numismatics in Germany going back at
least 150 years. The concept of “German” seems rather broad for the bibliography, as it has Lane-Poole,
Markov, and other non-German publications.
Imhoof-Blumer, F. W., and Percy Gardner. Ancient Coins Illustrating Lost Masterpieces of Greek Art. A
Numismatic Commentary on Pausanias. Argonaut, Chicago, 1964.
Ancient Greek coinage depicting works of art.
Isenbeck, Julius. Das Nassauische Muenzwesen. Wiesbaden, 1879. Reprinted by Verlag H. Dombrowski,
Muenster, 1970.
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A detailed historical treatment of the coins of middle-Rhine district of Nassau, Germany, from 1124 - 1866,
with a descriptive catalogue of coins and medals. Includes Nassau-Idstein, Wiesbaden and Nassau-
Sonnenberg. Several plates.
Ishankhanov, Sattikhan Khabibovich. Katalog Monet Kokanda XVIII-XIX vv. Izdatelstvo “FAN” Uzbekskoi
SSR, Tashkent, 1976.
Catalogue of the Islamic Kokand dynasty of central Asia. Legends fully written out and translated into
Russia. Good photographic plates.
th
Ivanisevich, Vujadin. Hoard of Serbian and Venetian Coins from Usje (14 Century). Macedonian Numismatic
Journal No. 2, pp. 113-138 , 1996.
A hoard of 96 Venetian and Serbian coins in the City Museum of Skopje. The author was able to elucidate
more about the sequence of appearance of subtypes of the denar de cruce of Milutin. The hoard contained
coins of three Venetian doges, Stefan Dragutin and Stefan Uros II Milutin. All but 13 were from the latter,
which showed 15 different variations of obverse inscription. Photos of 75 of the coins.
Ivanisevich, Vujadin. Novcharstvo Sredn’ovekovne Srbiye/ Coinage of Medieval Serbia. Stubovi Kulture,
Belgrade, 2001.
Analysis and catalogue of medieval coins of Serbia beginning with the reign of Stefan Radoslav (1228-
1234) and ending with Lazar Brankovich (1456-1458). There are photos of coins scattered throughout the
text plus several high-quality plates of coins at the end of the book. There is a long (more than 30 pages)
English summary of the coinage. Coins are presented at actual size, and enlarged photos would have been
an asset. They are good enough that one can use a lens to magnify them.
Ivanov, N. N. Klad Dzhuchidskikh Monet Naidennyi v Krimu v 1964 Godu/ A Hoard of Jujid Coins Found in the
Crimea in 1964. Published by the author, Moscow, 1996.
The decription of a hoard of more than 400 Golden Horde coins. There are line drawings of each type, die
linkage studies, photographs of every coin (but not very useful in photocopy), and detailed metrological
data. The coins are from Toqtamish, Beg Pulad Khan, Tash-Timur and Timur Qutlugh, mints of Qrim,
Azak, Orda, Orda Jadid.
Ivanov, N. N. Monetniye Sbory v Arkheologicheskom Marshrute Khorezmskoi Ekspeditsii 1966 Goda/ Coin
Gatherings on the Archaeological Route of the Khorezm Expedition of 1966. Drevnosti Povolzh’ya i
Drugikh Regionov, Vypusk III. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom II, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr
‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 24-45, 2000.
Mostly Golden Horde, but also Khwarezmshah and Timurid. Most of the Golden Horde coins were
previously-known types, but where there are new types or new variants, they are fully described with line
drawings. In cases where there are variants of coins previously described by Fedorov-Davidov, drawings of
both types are shown.
Ivanov, N. N. Monety Khorezmshakha Ala ad-dina Tekesha (1172-1200)/ Coins of the Khwarizmshah ‘Ala al-Din
Tekesh (1172-1200). XIII Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Tezisy Dokladov i
Soobshchenii. Gosydarstvennyi Muzei Izobrazitel’nykh Iskusstv Imeni A. S. Pushkina, Moskva, pp. 52-53,
2005.
Four copper types of ‘Ala al-Din Tekesh. The legends are written out for all four. One has a dark
photograph, two have line drawings.
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Ives, Herbert E. Foreign Imitations of the English Noble. Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 93, American
Numismatic Society, New York, 1941.
A monograph on imitations of medieval English nobles in France, the Low Countries, Scotland. Nice
historical text and decent plates.
Izmirlier, Yilmaz. Hamidogullari Beyligi Paralari. Published by the author, Istanbul, 1999.
An extensive catalogue of the Hamit Beylik of Turkey. Each coin has a line drawing and the legends
transliterated. There are tables in the back with the Arabic words written out to correspond with the Turkish
transliteration. The plates of enlarged photos are somewhat dark, but they can be made out with the aid of
the line drawings. A useful addition for anyone interested in the Anatolian Beyliks.
Jabir, Ibrahim Jabir al-. Arab Islamic Coins Preserved in the National Museum of Qatar, Volume II. Publication
of the Ministry of Information in Qatar, Doha, 1992.
The second volume of the Qatar Museum catalogue. Includes Tulunid, Ikhshidid, Hamdanid, Fatimid,
Qaramatid, Wajihid, Governors in Oman, Burid, Ayyubid, Zangid, Rassid, Sulayhid, Zuray’id, Rasulid,
Crusaders, Mamluk and Ottoman coins. Each coin is photographed, photos placed with the coin
description, not in plates in the end. All legends are written out. The book is in Arabic.
Jacobs, Norman and Cornelius C. Vermeule, III. Japanese Coinage. Numismatic Review, New York, 1972.
Essentially two books in one on the coinage of Japan. Part one is a monetary history of Japan from the
earliest times to the present by Vermeule. Part two ia a catalogue of the coins of Japan, Modern Korea and
Manchukuo by Jacobs. There are reasonable photos, but some would make it difficult to identify the coins.
There is a 1972 price guide inserted.
Jaeckel, Peter. Die Muenzpraegungen des Hauses Habsburg, 1780-1918, und der Bundesrepublik Oesterreich,
1918-1964. 2. Ergaenzte und erweiterte Auflage. Muenzen und Medaillen, Basel, 1965.
Detailed catalogue of late Habsburg and Austrian coinage. Nice photos, good introductory material.
Includes mintage figures, but no values.
Jaeger, Kurt and Charles Lavanchy. Schweizerische Muenzkataloge III. Die Muenzpraegungen des Kantons
Appenzell-Ausserrhoden und der "Neuen Kantone" der Schweiz von 1803. Societe suisse de numismatique,
Bern, 1963. Mostly German, with some parts in French.
Coinage of cantons of Appenzell, St. Gallen, Graubuenden, Aargau, Thurgau, Tessin and Vaud (Waadt)
from 1803.
Jain, Manik. Couplets on Mughal Coins of India. Philatelia, Calcutta, 1998.
A chronological listing of Arabic couplets (and other legends) on Mughal coins, with transliterations and
translations into English. For most couplets, the author shows at least one coin that has the couplet. At the
end of the book is a list of Mughal emperors with the mints that issued coins for them in Gold, Silver and
Coppers. The book is actually useful, and at first appearance is a first-class production. It comes with gild
page ends, a nice slipcase, woven bookmark and protective clear plastic dust cover. Unfortunately, the
binding is so awful that it comes apart with the first use. The loose pages diminish its usefulness.
Janic, Branislav. Nekoliko Retkih Primeraka Srpskih Dinara Srednjeg Veka/ Some Rare Specimens of Medieval
Serbian Dinars. Dinar Number 25, pp. 21-23, 2005.
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Serbian Dinars of Stefan Dusan (one with Empress Jelena), ond of Jelena, Joint issue of Vuk Brankovic and
Prince Lazar, one of Bals III, two of Dragutin and one of Queen Jevrosima Mrnjavcevic.
Jansen, Heinz. Das Deutsche Notgeld, 1915-1923. Buchdruckerei Erich Proeh, Berlin. Heft 1, Rheinprovinz und
Provinz Westfalen, 1971. Heft 2, Pfalz, Hessen mit Hessen-Nassau, Lothringen und Elsass, 1971. Heft 3,
Baden, Hohenzollern, Wuerttemberg, 1971. Heft 6, Norddeutschland - Hannover, Braunschweig, Bremen,
Oldenburg, Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg, Pommern, 1972. Heft 7, Brandenburg, Posen,
Preussen und Schlesien, 1972.
A series of booklets on Notbeld of Germany. Some photographs. Valuations in one grade. See also Mayer
for another in the series.
Japanese Numismatic Dealers Association. Catalogue of Japanese Coins and Currency. Japan, 1978. (In Japanese
).
A beautifully laid out annually-produced catalogue of ancient and modern coins and banknotes of Japan.
Although mostly in Japanese, there is enough English to understand what is going on. Many of the photos
of coins and banknotes are in color. The banknote photos are spectacular. It has many more of the socalled
“Bookmark” notes than does Pick.
Japanese Numismatic Dealers Association. Catalogue of Japanese Coins and Currency. Japan, 1982. (In Japanese
).
As above, but a newer edition.
Japanese Numismatic Dealers Association. Catalogue of Japanese Coins and Banknotes. Japan, 1990. (In
Japanese).
As above, but a newer edition.
Jen, David. Chinese Cash: Identification and Price Guide. Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin, 2000.
A general catalogue on Chinese coins, including some Central Asian material (Sogdian, Turgic Khaganate,
etc.) and Xinjiang/Sinkiang. The organization of the book is confusing and hard to use, and it does not
cover all of the types in Schjoth or Fisher’s Ding. It does reference Schjoth and FD numbers if they exist.
The sections on Wu Shu, Pan Liang and other early types are decent.
Jenkinson, Charles. A Treatise on the Coins of the Realm in a Letter to the King. Effingham Wilson, Royal
Exchange, London, 1805. Reprinted by Augustus M. Kelley, New York, 1965.
A dissertation on the history of English coinage, with emphasis on the reign of George III, to whom the
treatise was addressed. Includes comments included in second edition, published in 1880.
Jensen, Jorgen Steen. Tusindtallets Danske Monter fra den kongelige Mont- og Medaillesamling/Danish Coins
from the 11th Century in the royal Collection of Coins and Medals. Nationalmuseet/Danish National
Museum, Copenhagen, 1995.
A beautiful book designed to accompany a museum exhibit commemorating 1000 years of coinage in
Denmark. Not a comprehensive catalogue. Each of 57 two-page chapters has a bilingual historical or
numismatic note with a facing page of high-quality enlarged color photographs of Danish coins. Also
includes Anglo-Saxon and Hiberno-Norse coins. An impressive overview of 11th century Viking coinage.
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Jesse, Wilhelm. Der wendische Muenzverein. Originally published in Braunschweig, 1927. Reprinted by
Klinkhardt and Biermann, Braunschweig, 1967.
Coins of cities and states of the German Hanseatic League, including a selection of types circulating prior to
formation of the League. Covers coins from the 10th through the 16th centuries. 716 coins described,
including Hamburg, Rostock, Wismar, Lueneburg and many others. There is a long history of the German
Hansa preceding the catalogue. All coins photographed.
Jesse, Wilhelm. Muenz- und Geldgeschichte Niedersachsens. Werkstuecke aus Museum, Archiv und Bibliothek
der Stadt Braunschweig, Band 15. Kommissionsverlag Wolfgang Brandes, Braunschweig, 1952.
A history of the coinage of Niedersachsen (Brunswick/Braunschweig) from Roman times through the first
World War. The area includes Wolfenbuettel, Braunschweig, Hannover, Celle, Oldenburg, Bremen,
Osnabrueck, Minden, Goslar, Stade and other important cities. The book includes an extensive
bibliography, a list of mint towns, a fold-out map and 17 plates of coins. The book is not an exhaustive
catalogue.
Jha, Amal Kumar and Sanjay Garg. A Catalogue of the Coins of Katoch Rulers of Kangra. Indian Institute of
Research in Numismatic Studies, Nashik, Maharashtra, India, 1991.
Kangra is in Himachal Pradesh on the border of Punjab. There is an extensive history of the region
followed by a discussion of the coinage, which is mostly bull and horseman jitals with Samanta Deva and
jitals with the horseman on the obverse and legends identifying rulers on the reverse. The catalogue
contains 732 coins, ending with a few from the Delhi Sultantate. The photos of coins are mediocre at best,
which is too bad given the incredible detail that the authors accomplished in describing differences in die
varieties.
Jha, Amiteshwar and Dilip Rajgor. Studies in the Coinage of the Western Kshatrapas. Indian Institute of
Research in Numismatic Studies, Maharashtra, 1994.
An extensive catalogue of Western Kshatrap coinage with almost 1,100 coins described. The photos of the
coins are mediocre at best, but the authors do write out the legends. It would have been nice to include
some basic identification guides, like Mitchiner’s list of all names that are found on Kshatrap coinage.
There is a nice section on the alphabetic variation seen on the coins. A useful book, but more useful when
used in conjunction with Mitchiner.
Jiang Qi Xiang. Xinjiang Hei Han Chao Qianbi/Xinjiang Black Khans. Hong Kong?, 1990. Text in Chinese.
A treatise on the Islamic Karakhanid coins of Xinjiang (Sinkiang). There are several photographs and
drawings of coins, and central (but not marginal) legends are written out in places. Not altogether useful if
one doesn't read Chinese.
Jiang QiXiang and Dong Qingxuan. Xinjiang Numismatics. Xinjiang Art and Photo Press and Educational and
Cultural Press, Hong Kong, 1991.
A comprehensive history of the coinage of Xinjiang/Sinkiang in Chinese Turkestan. Not a catalogue, but a
richly illustrated bilingual overview of the coinage through the ages. Includes Chinese coinage that
circulated in Xinjiang (Han through Ming dynasties), coinage actually struck in Xinjiang prior to the
Qing/Ch'ing dynasty, the numismatics of the Qing dynasty, and the Republic of China. There are many
Islamic coins, including Qarakhanid and Chaghatyid dynasties and the various rebels who minted coins with
Arabic inscriptions.
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Jidejian, Nina. Lebanon: Its Gods, Legends and Myths Illustrated by Coins. Bank Audi, Beirut, Lebanon, No
Date (1985?) Bilingual English and French.
Phoenician, Greek, Roman Imperial and Roman coins illustrating cultural and religious history of ancient
Lebanon. The author is apparently one of the foremost experts of Lebanese coinage and archaeology. Just
a genuinely interesting book with great photographs of coins and other artifacts. Good maps, tables of
alphabets.
Job, H. S. The Coinage of the Mahdi and the Khalifa. Sudan Notes and Records, Vol. III, No. 3, pp. 163-196,
Date?
A numismatic history of Sudan from AH 1298-1316/1881-1898. It includes a list and description of all
coin types from Khartoum and Omdurman, with legends written out. There is a long historical treatment
prior to the list of coins.
Joseph, Paul, and Eduard Fellner. Die Muenzen von Frankfurt am Main nebst einer Muenzgeschichtlichen
Einleitung. Joseph Baer & Co., Frankfurt am Main, 1896. Reproduced by Wilhelm Weihert, Darmstadt.
The coinage of Frankfurt am Main from medieval times through the 19th century.
Joseph, Paul, and Eduard Fellner. Die Muenzen von Frankfurt am Main. Supplementband I/II. Joseph Baer &
Co., Frankfurt am Main, 1903, and Adolph Hess Nachfolger, Frankfurt am Main, 1920.
Supplemental volumes to the original publication. Reprinted as one volume.
Joshi, Satya Mohan. Catalogue of the Coins of Nepal. Department of Archaeology and Culture, Nepal, 1963.
A bilingual booklet listing coins from the Lichhavi Period through the Shaha period. There are no
illustrations, but the legends are written out in Nepalase and in English, along with notes about the design of
the coins. Not especially useful, although having the legends written out is a help.
Jovanovic, Miroslav. Novacs Uchecnika Kosovske Bitke ca Crpske Strane (The Coins of the Warriors oon the
Side of Serbia in the Battle of Kosovo. Numizmaticar, Vol. 12, pp. 43-52, 1989. In Serbian, with English
Summary. Photocopy.
A description of 94 later medieval Serbian coin types. Includes cross references to his major work and to
Ljubic. Line drawings of each coin type.
Jovanovic, Miroslav. Srpski Srednjovekovni Novac. Published by the Author, Beograd, 1990. (Originally
published in 1984).
Description of 247 coin types and 5 forgeries of medieval Serbian coins. The text includes a series of
genealogies. Coin descriptions have all legends written out. Every coin type photographed at twice actual
size.
Jovanovic, Miroslav. Srpski Srednjovekovni Novats. Published by the Author, Belgrade, 2001.
Although it has the same title, this book is very different from his 1984/1990 work. This work appears to
have more coins, each photographed at least twice normal size, and each with the legends or abbreviations
written out with weights, diameters, and cross-references to other references (including his earlier catalog
and Lyubic). There is a nice section on forgeries, with the imitations photographed along side the original
coins. It is a nice looking catalogue, but I am told that some of his attributions are controversial and that he
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has made many errors in the book. Probably best to use it with others, most of which do not have the
quality of photos as in this one.
Jovanovic, Miroslav. Ostava Lipljan/ The Lipljan Hoard of Serbian Coins. Dinar, Number 23, pp. 19-23, 2004.
Actually two hoards, one probably buried 1-2 years after the death of Stefan Dusan, the second 7-10 years
later. There are nice photos of coins along with metrological data and references to Jovanovic’s catalogue.
Jovanovic, Miroslav. Novcarstvo Durda Brankovica. Durd - Vladar sa Najduzim Stazom Kovanja/ Coinage of
Durd Brankovic: Ruler with the Longest Experience in Minting Coins. Dinar Number 24, pp. 20-25, 2005.
Photos of 48 coins of the Serbian king Durd Brankovic (1402-1459) divided into 14 periods of approximate
dates of issue.
Jungk, Hermann. Die Bremischen Muenzen. Muenzen und Medaillen des Erzbisthums und der Stadt Bremen.
Verlag von C. Ed. Mueller, Bremen, 1875. Reprint by Klinkhardt & Biermann, Braunschweig.
The coinage of Bremen, Germany.
Kabaklarli, Necdet. Mangir: Osmanli Imparatorlugu Bakir Paralari/ Copper Coins of the Ottoman Empire, 1299-
1808. Usaklilar Egitim ve Kultur Vakfi Yayinlari No. 1, Istanbul, 1998.
An exceptional catalogue of copper coins of the Ottoman Empire. There are beautiful line drawings of
every type, and legends are transliterated into Turkish. At least one of each type is photographed on goodquality
plates. There is an English introduction.
Kabaklarli, Necdet. Mangir: Yemen’de Darbedilen Osmanli Bakir Paralari/ Ottoman Copper Coins Minted in
Yemen 1517-1640. Turkish Numismatic Society, Istanbul, 2007. With introduction by Vladimir Suchy.
History and numismatics of the Ottoman Empire in Yemen. Nicely illustrated catalogue with full coin
descriptions and line drawings and photos of all coins.
Kabaklarlý, Necdet. Mangir: Tire’de Darbedilen Osmanli Bakir Paralari/ Ottoman Copper Coins Minted in Tira
1411-1516. Tire Belediyesi Kültür Hizmeti, Istanbul, 2007.
A beautifully produced volume on the Ottoman coins of this town in central Turkey (currently within ths
city of Izmir). The book begins with introductory remarks on the strategic location of Tire, the political
environment in the 14th-16th centuries, the importance of Tire in the Ottoman administration, and cultural
and religious aspects of the city. There are explanations of ornamental coins, mintage and distribution of
copper coins, minting techniques, metrology and a bibliography. There is an extensive catalogue of the
coins of Tire with line drawings, photographs, or both of all the coins. Finally, there is a long discussion of
snake figures on the copper coins of Tire and Ayasluq.
Kakareko, V. I and I N. Shtalenkov. Monety Velikogo Knyzhestva Litovskogo, 1492-1707/ Coins of the Grand
Duchy of Lithuania, 1492-1707. Belorusskoye Numizmaticheskoye Obshchestvo, Ekoperspektiva, Minsk,
2005. In Belorussian.
Catalogue of 103 coin types, 440 dates/varieties, with rarities and values. All coins nicely illustrated with
line drawings.
Kalgan Shih. Modern Coins of China. Sin-Hwa, Shanhai, 1946. (In Chinese).
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A catalogue of milled silver coins of China, Tibet, Burma, Sinkiang/Xinjiang, Annam and Hong Kong. It is
entirely in Chinese, but the photos are good and someone has written in the names of the provinces in
English. There is a decent map. It includes its own numbering system for the coins.
Kalinin, V. A. (Saint Petersburg) Moneti Ivana III c Russko-Tatarskimi Legendami/ Coins of Ivan III with Russo-
Tatar Legends. Trudy Gosudarstvenno Ordena Lenina Ermitazha XXI, Leningrad, pp. 111-116, 1981.
A discussion of coins of Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow, with Arabic legends. The legends are written
out in the text and translated into Russian. The coins are depicted with enlarged photographs. A very
useful paper for reading the legends on these Russo-Tatar “hybrids”.
Kalinin, V. A. (Moscow) Bukhara v 390 g.kh. po Numizmaticheskim Dannym/ Bukhara in AH 390 as determined
by Numismatic Evidence. Desyataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Gosudarstvennyi
Istoricheskii Muzei, Moscow, pp. 61-63, 2002.
Coins of Bukhara during the transition from Samanid to Qarakhanid in AH 390. One coin cites ‘Ali b.
Ma’mun (Ma’munid), another has Isma’il b. Nuh (Samanid) with the title Ilek (referring to the Qarakhanid
Nasr b. ‘Ali). The article is text only, no drawings of coins, but explains the coins well with Arabic legends
in the text.
Kalinin, V. A. Neizvestnyi Karakhanid ‘Umar b. Makhmud/ An Unknown Qarakhanid ‘Umar b. Mahmud.
Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Sankt-Peterburg, pp. 73-76, 2007.
A Qarakhanid fals fragment dated AH 496 with the name Malik Sanjar on the obverse and Arslan Khan
‘Umar b. Mahmud on the reverse.
Kalinin, V. A. and A. M. Kamyshev. Drevneishii Karakhanidskii Fals/ The Earliest Known Qarakhanid Fals. XIV
Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Sankt-Peterburg, pp. 71-73, 2007.
A Qarakhanid fals in the name of Shihab al-Daula Abu Musa struck in Taraz, AH 381. Full coin
description and photo.
Kaminski, Czeskaw. Illustrowany Katalog Monet Polskich, 1916-1977. Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicze, Warsaw,
1977. In Polish.
A nice little catalogue with line drawings of all coins. It includes Lodz Ghetto and German occupation
coinage.
Kamyshev, Aleksandr Mikhailovich. Rannesrednevekovyi Monetnyi Kompleks Semirech’ya/ Early Medieval
Monetary Complex of Semirech’ye. Izdatel’stvo Raritet Info, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 2002.
An analysis and catalogue of coins used in ancient Semirech’ye. It includes Chinese Wu Shu and Tang
Dynasty coinage, coins generally classified as Sogdian, and many types unique to Semirech’ye, including
the Turgesh Khaganate coinage. Line drawings of each type, legends transliterated using the standard
format. In Russian with an English summary.
Kamyshev, A. M. Novye Nakhodki Rannesrednevekovykh Monet v Chuiskoi Doline/ New Finds of Early Medieval
Coins in the Chuiski Valley. Numizmatika No. 16, pp. 18-20, 2008.
New finds of coins of Semirech’ye allowing corrections and additions to his mongraph of 2002.
Kamyshev, A. M. Vvedeniye v Numizmatiku Kyrgyzstana/ Introduction to the Numismatics of Kyrgyzstan.
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Kyrgyzsko-Rossiiskii Slavyanskii Universitet, Bishkek, 2008.
Overview of the coins of Kyrgyzstan. The book begins with a survey of the numismatists important to
Kyrgyz numismatics, then a chapter on the place of numismatices in the study of history. There follow
chapters on each period of coinage, including Greek, Roman, Parthian, Kushan, Chinese, Sasanian,
Bukharkhudat, Samanid, Uighur Khaganate, Gaznavid and other early Islamic, Sogdian, Semirechn’ye,
Turgesh Khaganate, Proto-Qarakhanid, Qarakhanid, Kara-Khitay, Mongol (mostly Chaghatayid), Timurid,
Shaybanid, Janid and Bukhara, as well as Russian, Soviet and Kyrgyz. Also includes banknotes. Nice
photos.
Kann, E. Illustrated Catalog of Chinese Coins (Gold, Silver, Nickel and Aluminum). Mint Productions, Inc.,
Riverdale, New York, 1966.
The standard English-language reference for modern coins of China, including Sinkiang. It have a good
representation of Sinkiang coins including the early hammered ½ miscal pieces. There are more than 1200
black and white photos of coins, plus more medals and forgeries. An important book for just about
everything that isn’t ancient or a square-holed cash.
Kapanadze, D. G. Gruzinskaya Numizmatika. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1955.
One of the classic Russian-language works on ancient, medieval and modern coins of Georgia. It is more of
a history than a catalogue, but there are coin descriptions throughout the text. Nice photographic plates at
the end.
Kapanadze, D. G. Mednaya Moneta Gruzinskogo Tsarya Davida, Syna Georgiya/ Copper coins of the Georgian
Tsar David, Son of Georgii. Epigrafika Vostoka XII, pp. 39-47, 1958.
Description and analysis of six types of coins of Georgia, three silver and three copper, of David and
Georgii III. Decent photos of all six coins. Arabic legends in text.
Kapanadze, D. G. Klad Monet Nachala XI v. Tbilisskogo Emira ‘Ali ibn Dzhafara. Epigrafika Vostoka XIV, pp.
71-78, 1961.
Description of a hoard of ten Georgian coins of the Ja’farid dynasty, reign of ‘Ali b. Ja’far. There are
photographs of eight of the coins, and Arabic legends are written out within the text.
[Karolkiewicz, Henry V.] The Extraordinary Collection of Henry V. Karolkiewicz featuring Polish Coins from a
Thousand Years. Presented by Karl Stephens. Triton IV, December 6, 2000, Classical Numismatic Group,
Inc., Freeman & Sear, Numismatica Ars Classica.
A fabulous auction catalogue a collection of coins of Poland from ancient to modern times. The coins
actually span more than 2000 years, as the collection begins with ancient Greek coinage. Almost every lot
is photographed, many enlarged and in color. There is a nice section at the end with portraits and
biographical sketches of all Polish kings.
Karishkovskii, P. O. Moneti Ol’bii/ Coins of Olbia. Akademiya Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR, Odesskii
Arkheologicheskii Muzei, Kiev, 1988.
This is not a catalogue, but rather a detailed treatment of the monetary system of ancient Olbia on the Black
Sea. There are many line drawings of coins in the book, including a few pages of dolphins of several types.
There are better-than-usual photographic plates, as well as several pages showing inscriptions and
monograms found on coins. A nice little book.
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Karlov, Evgen. Istoriya Parfyans’kogo Tsarstva y Pam’yatkakh Numizmatiki: Dinastiya Arshakidiv/ The History of
the Parthian Kings through their Coins - The Arsacid Dynasty. Numizmatika i Faleristika 2008(1), pp. 8-
15.
A listing of Parthian kings with examples of their coinage.
Karlov, Yevgenii. Pro Datuvannya Monet Musul’mans’kikh Krain. Numizmatika i Faleristika 1998(1), pp. 27-31.
(In Ukrainian)
A nice article on reading dates on Islamic coins and converting Hijri dates to European dates. There are
some nice line drawings of coins, including Central Asian coppers, and several tables illustrating Arabic
numerals, numbers as words (Kufic and otherwise), names of the months, etc.
Karlov, Yevgenii. Nachalo Monetnoi Chekanki v Zolotoi Orde/ The Origins of Coinage of the Golden Horde.
Numizmatika i Faleristika, 2001(4), pp. 33 - 36.
Overview of the very early coinage of the Golden Horde under Batu. Includes the silver and copper al-
Nasir issues and coins in the name of Mongke Khan, which actually overlap with Berke’s reign. Nice line
drawings and legends written out.
Karlov, Yevgenii. Istoriya Bosporskovo Tsarstva v Monetakh/ The History of the Bosporus Kings in their
Coinage. Numizmatika i Faleristika 2003(1), pp. 9-15.
A listing of all 57 rulers of Cimmerian Bosporus with their dates, photographs of their coins, and other
personal data.
Karlov, Yevgenii. Istoriya Krymskovo Khanstva v Monetakh/ The History of the Qrim Khans in their Coinage.
Numizmatika i Faleristika 2003(3), pp. 10-15.
A listing of the Giray Khan rulers from Hajji Giray through Selim I Giray, with their dates, line drawings of
their coins, and other personal and historical data. Neat overview.
Karlov, Yevgenii. Istoriya Krymskovo Khanstva v Monetakh/ The History of the Qrim Khans in their Coinage.
Numizmatika i Faleristika 2003(4), pp. 12-14.
A continuation of his treatment in the previous issue from Ghazi III Giray through Salamat II Giray.
Karlov, Yevgenii. Istoriya Krymskovo Khanstva v Monetakh/ The History of the Qrim Khans in their Coinage.
Numizmatika i Faleristika 2004(1), pp. 8-11.
A continuation of his treatment in the previous two issues from Selim II Giray through Bahadur II Giray, the
latter having ruled after Shahin Giray, but without issuing coins.
Karlov, Yevgenii. Kitaiskaya Denezhnaya Sistema - Tovaro-Den’gi/ Chinese Monetary System - Object Coins.
Numizmatika i Faleristika 2007(2), pp. 5-7.
Chinese coins in the shape of various objects - Fish money, bridge money, bell money, spade and knife
coinage.
Karras, Ruth Mazo. Early Twelfth-Century Bohemian Coinage in Light of a Hoard of Vladislav I. ANS Museum
Notes, Volume 30, pp. 179-210, 1985.
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Statistical anaylsis of a large hoard (more than 250 coins) of Vladislav I. Includes die analyses and
chronology of types.
Karst, J. Precis de Numismatique Georgienne. Faculte des Lettres de l’Universite de Strasbourg, Paris, 1938.
A very nice and apparently scarce monograph on coins of Georgia, ancient through modern. There is an
extensive section on metrology, a summary of numismatic history, and excellent descriptions of coins with
very clear plates.
Kassis, Hanna. Notas Historicas sobre las Monedas de los Almoravides. I. Jarique de Estudios Numismaticos
Hispano-Arabes, Institucion Fernando el Catolico, Zaragoza, pp. 55-66, 1988.
Historical essay on the coins of the Murabitids. Some legend are written in transliterated Arabic. Most
coins are just cited as being found in other publications. No illustrations.
Kassis, Hanna. Les Taifas Almoravides. II. Jarique de Numismatica Hispano-Arab, Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs de
la Diputacio de Lleida, Lleida, pp. 51-91, 1988. (In French)
A history of the Murbatids with a catalogue of their coins. It appears to be an attempt at a corpus, with a list
of all year and mint combinations. There are plates at the end with all know legends from Murabitid coins.
Katz, Viktor. A Thousand Years of Bohemian Coinage (929-1929). Original published by Czechoslovak
Numismatical Society, Prague, 1929. Reprinted by Sanford J. Durst, New York, 1980.
A small booklet on the history of coinage of Bohemia, a part of Czeckoslovakia. There are photos of 86
coins. A good introduction, but useless for identification.
Katzer, Friedrich I. Die Sammlung anhaltischer Muenzen und Medaillen im Museum des Kreises Bernburg. Ein
Beitrag zur Muenz- und Geldgeschichte Anhalts. Published by the Museum im Schloss Bernburg, 1966.
A history of the coinage of Anhalt, Germany, centered around a museum collection. Fourteen plates. A
fairly detailed description of the various periods of coinage.
Kay, Henry C. Notes on the History of the Banu ‘Okayl. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, N. S., Volume 18, pp.
491-526, 1886.
A history of the Uqaylid dynasty of the Jazira and parts of Syria. There is a description of only one coin in
the paper.
Kazamanova, Ludmila Nikolaevna. Vvedeniye v Antichnuyu Numizmatiku/ Introduction to Ancient
Numismatics. Izdatel’stvo Moskovskovo Universiteta, Moscow, 1969.
A nice introduction to Ancient Coinage focusing on the area around the Black Sea. There are brief
historical and numismatic discussions for each period and more than 60 plates illustrating the different types
of coins from the area. Several hundred coins are photographed. High points of the coins covered include
several imitations of Roman and Greek coins that appear not to be published in English-language literature,
and a lengthy section on Cimmerian Bosporus. There are several lists of abbreviations, legends, alphabets,
and rulers in tables before the plates.
Kazan, William. The Coinage of Islam: Collection of William Kazan. Bank of Beirut SAL, Beirut, 1983/1404.
Perhaps the most droolworthy coin publication I have ever seen. It contains color photos of 1182 gold
110

Islamic coins. There is a brief historical summary of each dynasty, and the legends of the coins are written
out next to the coins. The book is bilingual (English and Arabic). A super book.
Kellner, Hans-Joerg. Bayerische Muenzkataloge. Band 1. Die Muenzen der Freien Teichsstadt Nuernberg.
Hugo Geiger, Gruenwald bei Muenchen, 1957.
Germany, Bavaria, Nuernberg. Coinage from 1429 through the earl 19th century. Includes valuations from
1965.
Kellner, Hans-Joerg. Bayerische Muenzkataloge. Band 2. Die Muenzen der niederbayerischen Muenzstaetten.
Hugo Geiger, Gruenwald bei Muenchen, 1958.
Germany, Bavaria, Niederbayern. Includes Landshut, Straubing, Braunau, Passau, Neuburg am Inn,
Sinzendorf, Sprinzenstein. 12th through 18th centuries.
Kennepohl, Karl. Die Muenzen von Osnabrueck. Numismatischer Verlag H. Dombrowski, Muenster-
Angelmodde, 1967.
Coinage of the bishopric and city of Osnabrueck and of the city of Wiedenbrueck. 11th through 19th
centuries. Member of Hanseatic League, absorbed by Hannover in 1803.
Khabibullaev, Akram and David Spencer Smith. Paper Money of the Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkistan. II.
Issues of Khotan. International Banknote Society Journal Volume 37(3), pp. 23-26, 1998. (Photocopy.
Filed under second author, David Spencer Smith) .
History and banknotes of Khotan, Sinkiang/Xinjiang in the 1930s when it was part of the Turk-Islamic
Republic of Eastern Turkistan.
Khan, Muhammed Abdul Wali. Qutub Shahi Coins in the Andhra Pradesh Government Museum. Andhra
Pradesh Government Museum Series No. 3. Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad-Deccan, 1961.
Coins of the Islamic Golkonda sultanate (1489-1687). The catalogue is a description of copper coins of the
dynasty. Legends are written out in Arabic and transliterated into English. Photographic plates are of better
than average Indian quality.
Khan, Nikolai. K Voprosu o Nachale Rasproctranennya Arabskikh Dirkhemov v Evrope (po Materialam Kladov
Velikogo Kavkaza)/ On the Question of the Beginning of Circulation of Arab Dirhams in Europe (based on
hoards found in the Caucasus). Numizmatika i Faleristika, No. 2, pp. 17-21, 2006.
Umayyad and Abbasid dirhams dated AH 100-172.
Khan, Sohail A. Ancient, Medieval & Recent History and Coins of Pakistan. Leo Books, Islamabad, Pakistan,
1998.
This is a nice overview of the numismatic history of Pakistan, not a catalogue. The author is chairman of
the Pakistan Numismatic Society. The book begins with the Achaemenid Persians, goes through Baktrians
and Indo-Greeks, Sasanians, Hephthalites and Hindu Shahis. Islamic dynasties include Ghaznavids,
Ghorids, Sultans of Delhi, Mughals, Durrani and Barakzai. The Sikhs are the last covered before a very
nice chronological summary of dynasties, kings and rulers of what is now Pakistan. There are foldout
chronologies, nice line drawings and good maps. Neat book.
Khodzhaniyazov, T. Klad Zolotykh Monet XII v. iz Kunya-Urgenchskovo Raiona Turkmenskoi SSR/ A Hoard of
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th
Gold Coins of the 12 Century from Kunya-Urgenchska in the Turkmenistan SSR. Epigrafika Vostoka,
Volume XX, pp. 90-94, 1971.
A small hoard of gold dinars of the Great Seljuq Sanjar from Nishapur and the Khwarizmshahs Atsiz (one
with Sanjar, others with Ghiyas al-Din Mas’ud), Taj al-Din al-Arslan and ‘Ala al-Din Takish. The coins are
fully described with Arabic legends written out and photographed. A rare opportunity to see coins of the
first three Khwarizmshahs.
Khodzhaniyazov, T. K Boprocu o Nachalye Monetnogo Chekana v Gosudarstve Velikikh Seldzhukov/On the
Question of Source of Coins Struck by the Great Seljuqs. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. X, pp. 155-159,
1972.
Coins of the Great Seljuqs, with some coin legends and a table of titles, dates and mints.
Khodzhaniyazov, T. Katalog Monet Gosudarstva Velikikh Seldzhukov. (Catalog of Coins of the Great
Seljuqs). Published by the Academy of Science of Turkmenistan, Ashkhabad, 1979.
The Islamic Great Seljuq dynasty and many of their vassals. Includes the Seljuqs of western Iran/Iraq,
Khwarizmshahs, Ildegizid, Qarakhanids, and coins of many governors and atabegs. Full descriptions of
coins, full legends written out, index of mints, chronological listing of known coins by issuers and mints, no
plates or illustrations.
Khodzhaniyazov, Tirkish and Luke Treadwell. The Marv Hoard of Early Islamic Dirhams. Iran, Volume
XXXVI, pp. 85-94, 1998.
Description of a hoard of Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid Revolutionary, and Abbasid dirhams found in
Marw. It is the only published eastern Iranian hoard from the time of al-Ma’mun’s residence in Khurasan.
There were twenty Umayyad mints and 26 Abbasid mints in the hoard.
Khromov, Konstantin. Neskol’ko Neopisannykh Monet Dinastii Gireev/ Some Unpublished Coins of the Giray
Khans. Numizmatika i Faleristika 1997(2), p. 21.
A copper coin of Nur Dawlat Giray and a silver akche of Dawlat Giray b. Selim.
Khromov, Konstantin. Medniye Monety Khodzhi-Gireya/ Copper Coins of Hajji Giray. Numizmatika i Faleristika
1997(3), p. 25.
Two copper coins of Hajji Girey from Qirik Qer (sic?) dated AH 857.
Khromov, Konstantin. ‘Novyi Gorod’ (Yangi-Shekhr = Shekhr al-Dzhedid). Numizmatika i Faleristika 1997(4),
pp. 19-21.
Golden Horde dirhams. One is from ‘Abd Allah, al-Mahrusa Yangi-Shahr, AH 765, and one is Toqtamish,
Shahr al Mahrusa, with only the numeral 9 as a date. There are also several anonymous coppers, some
dated from Jani Beg’s reign.
Khromov, Konstantin. From the History of Money Circulation on the Territory of Present Ukraine. Numizmatika
i Faleristika 1998(1), pp. 14-17. Bilingual (English and Ukrainian)
A nice overview of the coins used in present-day Ukraine over the centuries. It includes Greek,
Pantikapaion, Roman, Byzantine, Sasanian, Kievian Rus, British (!), Polish, Russian, and Genoese-Tatar
coins.
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Khromov, Konstantin. Noviye Nakhodki Monet s Nadchekankami Goroda Madzhar/ New Finds of Coins with
Countermarks of the Mint Majar. Numizmatika i Faleristika 1998(2), p.47.
Copper coins of the Golden Horde countermarked with the mint town Majar.
Khromov, Konstantin. Neskol’ko Zametok po Zolotoordynskoi Numizmatike Kryma/ Some Notes on the
Numismatics of the Golden Horde in Qrim. Numizmatika i Faleristika 1999(3), p. 20-23.
Actually three separate notes within one article. The first covers new finds from the reign of Tole-Buqa and
has line drawings and photos of three silver dirhams and four coppers from the reign, Qrim mint. The
second described two coin weights of the Golden Horde from Old Qrim. The last concerns a copper pul of
Qrim with the apparent date AH 686, but which the author concludes is actually dated AH 684.
Khromov, Konstantin. Zametki po Zolotoordynskoi Numizmatike Kryma. Monety Solkhata/ Notes on the
Numismatics of the Golden Horde in Qrim. Coins of Solkhat. Numizmatika i Faleristika 1999(4), p. 31-32,
1999
Six types of copper puls of the Golden Horde from the Solkhat mint. There are line drawings and photos of
the coins, all of which have sunfaces and an interesting tamga. Solkhat is apparently a synonym for Qrim.
Khromov, Konstantin. Zametki po Zolotoordynskoi Numizmatike Kryma: Ob Utochnenii Datirovki Krymskogo
Dirkhema Tokty 704 g.kh. (Ok.1304 g.)/ Notes on the Numismatics of the Golden Horde in Qrim: On Better
Establishing the Date of a Qrim Dirham of Toqtu from AH 704 (ca. 1304). Numizmatika i Faleristika
2000(1), p. 44-45, 2000
He shows dirhams of Toqtu from the Qrim mint dated AH 694, 696, and three from 704, the latter all with
retrograde dates.
Khromov, Konstantin. O Pravlenii Dzhuchidskikh Khanov v Krymu v 1419-1422 gg. po numizmaticheskim
dannym/ On the administration of the Jujid Khans in Qrim from 1419-1422 from numismatic data.
Desyataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei,
Moscow, pp. 92-94, 2002.
Description of a hoard of about 600 coins of the Golden Horde. There were 50 coins in the name of
Dervish Khan (Qrim, seven dated 822, the remainder without date), 200 coins of Beg Sufi (Qrim, dated
822, 823, 824 and without date), 70 coins of Dawlat Birdi (Qrim, 824 and 825, Kaffa al-Jadid without
dates). There were coins dated 822 with the names of both Beg Sufi and Dervish Khan, coins of Dawlat
Birdi overstruck on coins of Qrim 825, and other interesting overstrikes. The article has no drawings or
coin descriptions, but rather reconstructs the sequence of rulers in Qrim and Kaffa from the numismatic
data.
Khromov, Konstantin. Novye Dannye o Serebryanom Monetnom Chekane Kryma Rannego Zolotoordynskogo
Perioda/ New Information on Silver Coins of Qrim from the Early Period of the Golden Horde.
Numizmatika No. 5, pp. 15-17, July, 2004.
Two new early types of the Golden Horde. One is anonymous with just Amir on the obverse, Qrim on the
reverse. The other is in the name of Temir Buka or Tuka and includes the denomination name Yarmak.
Clear photos and legends written out and discussed in the text.
Khromov, Konstantin. Vostochnaya Numizmatika v Ukraine: Monety Dzhuchidov XIII - XV Vekov/ Oriental
th th
Numismatics in the Ukraine: Coins of the Jujids in the 13 - 15 Centuries. Sbornik Publikatsii Chast’ I,
Published by the author, Kiev, 2004.
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A series of notes and articles by the leading expert on Golden Horde and Giray coins in the Ukraine. The
notes include a new fractional yarmak from the Emir of Qrim, a fractional yarmak from the time of Berke
Khan, a copper coin from Signaq dated AH 734, a series of puls of Jani Beg from Qrim, and, most
th
importantly, a fantastic article on coins of the mint Ordu Bazar from the 15 century. The latter includes
coins of the last rulers of the Golden Horde - Kuchuk Muhammad b. Timur, Sayyid Ahmad b. Kerim Berdi,
Mahmud b. Kuchuk Muhammad, Ahmad b. Kuchuk Muhammad, and Hajji Giray of the Giray Khans.
There are also Genoese-Tartar coins from Ordu Bazar, and anonymous coppers. Each article is
accompanied by very clear and beautiful drawings as well as very high quality photographs. An excellent
and important work.
Khromov, Konstantin K. Novyi Tip Krymskogo Yarmaka Mengu Timura/ A New Type of Yarmak of Mengu Timur
from Qrim. Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii, Rossiiskaya Akademiy Nauk,
Moscow, p. 130, 2005.
Interesting type of silver yarmak of the Golden Horde ruler Mengu Timur. Mint name and date are not on
the coin.
Khromov, Konstantin K. Novoe v Izychenii Mednykh Genyezsji-Tatarskikh Monet Goroda Kaffy XV Veka/ New
th
findings in the Study of Copper Genoese-Tatar Coinage from Caffa in the 15 Century. Trudy
Mezhdunarodnoi Numizmaticheskoi Konferentsii, III MNK, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, pp. 6-
8, 2005.
A chronology of five types of Genoese-Tatar coinage with approximate dates of issue of the different types
All types are anonymous and undated. Nice addtional information to supplement Retowski. There are good
photographs of 40 coins on six plates at the end of the volume.
Khromov, Konstantin K. Vostochnaya Numizmatika v Ukraine: Monety Dzhuchidov i Sopredel’nykh
Gosudarstv v XIII - XV v.v./ Oriental Numismatics in the Ukraine - Coins of the Jujids and Contiguous
th th
States in the 13 - 15 Centuries. Sbornik Publikatsii Chast’ II, Izdatel’stvo Kupola, Kiev, 2007.
A second series of original notes and articles by Konstantin and others collected in a single volume. The
articles include a lengthy analysis of types and subtypes of Yarmaks from Qrim by Khromov including coins
of Tuqa Timur, the Emir of Qrim, Berke Khan, Mangu Timur, Tuda Mengu and Tula Buqa. There is a series
of notes on Yarmaks of Tuda Mengu, copper coins of Toqtu and new copper coins of Muhammad Uzbek.
An interesting collection of imitations of coins of Jani Beg. E. Yu. Goncharov has an interesting note on the
occurrence of a cobra-likeor eyeglasses-like tamga on Jujid coins of Urus from Sighnaq and coppers of
Toqtamish and others, and a dirham of Ghiyas al-Din Muhammad, Ordu 773. Finally there are descriptions
of several hoards with photos of the coins.
Khromov, Konstantin K. Ispol’zovaniye Privoznykh Monet v Kachestve Syr’ya dlya Chekanki v Krymskom Uluse v
60-e Gody XIII Veka/ The Utilization of Imported Coins in the Quality of Raw Materials for Striking Coins
in Krim in the 1260s. 14 Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Sankt-Peterburg, pp. 96-97,
2007.
Golden Horde Yarmaks of Berke Khan, AH 665 and Mengu Timur, Qrim 665, were found overstruck on
other Arabic coins and on Venetian Grossos.
Khromov, Konstantin and V. N. Nastich. Dva Redkikh Tipa Serebryanykh Monet Kryma Zolotoordynskovo
Perioda/ Two Rare Types of Silver Coins of Qrim from the time of the Golden Horde. Odinnadtsataya
Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Sankt Petersburg, 14-18 Aprelya 2003, pp. 77-79, 2003.
Two examples of fractional yarmaks from Qrim, anonymous and undated, and a yarmak of Timur-Buqa from
114

Qrim with no date. It has the denomination Yarmak on the coin. All three coins are photographed, legends
written out in transliterated Arabic.
Khudyakov, G. A. Novye Dannye o Monetnom Chekane Rannikh Samanidov/ New Information on Coins Struck by
the Early Samanids. In: E. V. Rtveladze (editor), Numizmatika Tsentral’noi Azii V, Tashkent, pp. 56-62,
2001.
Copper coins of the earliest Samanids, Ahmad b. Asad, Nuh b. Asad, Yahya b. Asad, Yahya b. Asad with
Tahir b. ‘Abdallah. Legends written out, coins photographed.
Khudyakov, G. A. Karakhanidskiye Fel’sy Ilaka 400 g.kh./1009 g. Numizmatika Tsentral’noi Azii VI, Tashkent,
pp. 67-74, 2002.
Five beautiful fulus from Tunkat and Ilak, AH 400. Two have hares, three have both a sword and a bow and
arrow. They all have the name Qutb al-Dawla. The two with hares (from Tunkat) also have the name Nasr,
while the other three, from Ilak, have Sana al-Dawla. There are line drawings and full descriptions of each
coin.
Khudyakov, G. A. Novye Dannye o Monetnom Chekane Togryl-Khanov Kasana Vtoroi Poloviny XII Veka/ New
th
Data on Coins Struck by Tughril Khan in Kasan in the Second Half of the 12 Century. Numizmatika
Tsentral’noi Azii VIII, Tashkent, pp. 85-103, 2008.
Coins of Nasr b. Husayn, known as Tughril Khan, from the third period of Qarakhanid coinage, and from
Muhammad b. Nasr. All are Dirhams from the Kasan mint. Legends fully written in Arabic, good line
drawings, mediocre photographs.
th
Khukharev, V. V. Dengi Novogo Torga v XV v/ Dengas of New Torg from the 15 Century. Pp. 126-129,
Devyataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh, Sankt-Petersburg,
2001.
New Torg, or Torzhok, was a medieval town in Novgorod. The article describes a small group of silver
coins from there with the name of New Torg on the reverse legend. There are line drawings of four variants.
Khukarev, V. V. Denga Novotorzhskaya/ Coinage of Novyi Torzhok. Numizmatika No. 12, pp. 18-21,
November, 2006.
Two types of silver coins with the name of Novyi Torzhok on the reverse legend. There are four variants of
one type and a single example of the second type. Nice line drawings and full descriptions of the coins.
Kienast, Gunter. W. The Medals of Karl Goetz. Artus Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 1967. Reprinted 1980.
The standard reference on political, satirical and historical medals of Karl Goetz covering the period 1914 -
1945.
Kiezebrink, H. R. De Munten van Overijssel (1578-1796). Numismatic Pocket No. 13. De Mey, Brussels, 1971.
Coinage of Overijssel, Netherlands.
Kilar, Rifat. Türk Nümismatiðinde Jetonlar/ Turkish Jetons. Burak Nümismatik Yayinlari No. 1, Istanbul, 1989.
A great little catalogue of tokens of Turkey, including the latter part of the Ottoman Empire. Includes
transportation, service, communication and other tokens. There are line drawings and rarity ratings for each
115

type. Although in Turkish, the book has an English introduction and is very easy to use.
Kim Il Sik. (Korean Coins and Banknotes Catalogue). Korea, 1978. In Korean.
Comprehensive catalogue of ancient and modern coins and banknotes of Korea. The rubbings or photos of
the square holed cash are good enough to find different types, and the valuations give a hint as to relative
rarity. There is no English at all, so little help for anything but finding a match to a picture unless one reads
Korean.
King, L. White. History and Coinage of the Barakzai Dynasty of Afghanistan. Numismatic Chronicle, 3rd Series,
Volume XVI, pp. 277-344, 1895. Photocopy.
A history of the Islamic Barakzai dynasty of Afghanistan (1824-1901) and a catalogue of the known coin
types with legends and some translations (but no transliterations). Much more informative than Krause.
King-on Mao. History of the Sinkiang Province Provincial Bank. Numismatic World Bimonthly, Taiwan,
January 15, 1978. Photocopy.
A history of the provincial bank, which issued both coins and banknotes. Some banknotes are illustrated.
Kirchheimer, Franz. Die Bergbaugepraege aus Baden-Wuerttemberg. Kricheldorf Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau,
1967.
Coins, medals, jetons struck for, by and about mines. Germany, Baden-Wuerttemberg. Nicely produced,
great photos, not of great use.
Kirschner, Bruno. Deutsche Spottmedaillen auf Juden. Ernst Battenberg, Muenchen, 1968.
Medallic representations of caricatures of Jews from the 16th century through the Third Reich.
Klyashtornyi, S. G. (Editor). Tyurkologicheskii Sbornik 2001: Zolotaya Orda i ee Naslediye/ The Golden Horde
and its Heritage. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Sankt-Petersburgskii Filial Instituta Vostokovedeniya,
Izdatel’skaya Firma Vostochnaya Literatura RAN, Moscow, 2002.
A history of the Golden Horde, with the following chapters (not complete)
T. I. Sultanov: The Family of Shiban, son of Jochi: The place of the dynasty in Eurasian History.
J. E. Boyle. Posthumous titles of Batu Khan
I. V. Zaitsev. The Formation of the Khans of Astrakhan.
D. M. Iskhakov. On the genealogy of the khans of the Ulus Muhammad (Khans of Kazan)
M. A. Usmanov. On some peculiarities of the early stages in the ethnic history of the Jujids.
Gorskii, A. A. Noghai and Rus’.
Klat, Michel G. Catalogue of the Post-Reform Dirhams of the Umayyad Dynasty. Spink & Sons Ltd., London,
2002.
A beautifully done corpus of over 725 Umayyad dirhams arranged by mint and date. Every mint and date
combination known to the author is described and nicely photographed. The introduction includes a list of
all of the known mints with their location, and there is a final table or dirhams arranged by year.
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins, 2 Edition. Whitman Publishing Co.,
nd
Racine,Wisconsin, 1964.
116

An introduction to identification. It includes maps, denominations, how to read and date the coins, an
alphabetic guide to symbols and city names (each accompanied by a photo), an alphabetic guide to persons
and things seen on coins (with photos), Greek kings and petty rulers (with photos). Useful for a novice like
me.
Kleshchinov, V. N. Atlas Monet Khorezma 1337-1338 gg. Kh. (1918-1920 gg)/ Atlas of the Coins of Khorezm, AH
1337-1338 (1918-1920 CE). URSS, Moscow, 2006.
Bilingual (Russian and English) atlas of all die varieties and die linkages of the 1, 2 ½, 5 and 15 Tenga coins
of Junaid Khan from Khwarizm/Khorezm. Includes nice line drawings and high-quality photographs. Little
historical information, but very detailed accounting of the incredible number of dies used to produce this
short-lived series.
Kleshchinov, V. N. and I. V. Grishin. Opredelitel’ Litsevykh Storon Provolochnykh Kopeek Tsarya Petra
Alekseevicha/Determinant of the obverses of Wire Money of Tsar Peter Alexeyevich. Izdatel’stvo Irius,
Moscow, 1992.
A small guide to identification of the wire kopeks of Czar Peter I (the Great). Although the title would
indicate otherwise, it includes descriptions of reverses, too.
Kleshchinov, V. N. and I. V. Grishin. Reconstruction and Classification of the Wire Kopecks of the Joint Reign of
Ivan & Peter Alexievich (1682-1696). Journal of the Russian Numismatic Society, Number 54, pp. 55-62,
1994. Photocopy.
An important contribution covering the wire kopeks of the joint reign of Ivan and Peter (The Great)
Alexievich with die linkage charts. These coins seem to be omitted from most treatments of Russian wire
coinage.
Kleshchinov, V. N. and I. V. Grishin. Rekonstruktsiya i Klassifikatsiya Shtempelei Provolochnykh Kopeek
Sovmestnogo Pravleniya Tsarei Ivana i Petra Alekseevichei (1682-1696 gg)/ Reconstruction and
Classification of the Wire Kopecks of the Joint Reign of Ivan and Peter Alexievich (1682-1696).
Mezhdunarodnii Numizmaticheskii Al’manakh, Moneta, No. 2, Vologda, pp. 24-31, 1995.
Die varieties and combinations for Russian wire kopeks struck during the reign of Ivan and Peter Alexievich
(1682-1696). Line drawings of each die variety.
Kleshchinov, V. N. and I. V. Grishin. Katalog Russkikh Srednevekovykh Monet s Pravleniya Tsarya Ivana IV
Vasil’yevicha do shvedskoi okkupatsii Novgoroda (1533-1617 gg). Izdatel’stvo URSS, Moscow, 1998.
Drawings of wire kopeks from Russia from Ivan IV (The Terrible) through the Swedish occupation of
Novgorod (1617). Each Chapter has an English summary, and there is a table of concordances with
Melnikova. Great book for attributing the wire money of this period. Dedicated to me by both authors!
th th
Klochkov, K. V. Neizdannye Russkie Monety XVI-XVII vv./ Unpublished Russian Coins from the 16 - 17
Centuries. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya, Noveishiye Issledovaniya v Oblasti
Numizmatiki, Part XIII, Moscow, pp. 84-94, 1998.
Previously unknown Russian wire kopeks from Ivan IV through Alexei Mikhailovich. Most are from Pskov,
with a few from Moscow. There are also some counterfeits. Each coin is photographed with a line drawing
alongside the photo.
Klokov, V. B. Fal’shivye Monety v Denezhnom Obrashchenii Gorodov Zolotoi Ordy/ Counterfeit Coins and
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Monetary Circulation in Cities of the Golden Horde. P. 51-54 In: Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh
Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii. Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-
XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005, V - MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow,
2008.
Contemporary counterfeits of Golden Horde coins from Saray, Saray al-Jadida, Gulistan and Ordu.
Klokov, V. B. and V. P. Lebedev. Zagadki Novosaraiskogo Chekana Mednykh Monet v Zolotoi Orde/ The Enigma
of Copper Coins of the Golden Horde struck in Saray al-Jadida. Sed’maya Vserossiiskaya
Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Moscow, pp. 64-67, 1999.
A discussion of copper puls of the Golden Horde from AH 752 struck in Saray al-Jadida. There is a page of
line drawings showing die linkages.
Klokov, V. B. and V. P. Lebedev. Monetnoe Obrashcheniye Zolotoordynskogo Goroda Bel’dzhamen/ Coin
Circulation in the Golden Horde Town of Beljamen. Drevnosti Povolzh’ya i Drugikh Regionov, Vypusk III.
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom II, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 56-
147, 2000.
The authors analyzed 51 silver dirhams and 1311 copper puls of the Golden Horde. There were 93 types and
66 variants of copper puls, of which 20 types and 40 variants had not been published previously. All are
illustrated with great line drawings, and the text descriptions sometimes include Arabic legends. An
important work for Golden Horde copper, one that I use often in attributing unsorted lots.
Kluge, Bernd. Deutsche Muenzgeschichte von der spaeten Karolingerzeit bis zum Ende der Salier (ca. 900 bis
1125). Monograph 29 of the Roemisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Forschungsinstitut fuer Vor- und
Fruehgeschichte. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen, 1991.
A history of the early coinage of Germany from the late Carolingian times to the end of the Saliers (Franks).
The book accompanied a museum exhibit. There is a detailed monetary and economic history of Germany
during the time, several maps of mint towns, photographs (enlarged) and complete descriptions of 528 coins,
summaries of the types of designs found on coins throughout Germany, and an index of mint towns which
refers to coins illustrated in the book. The descriptions include parts of France, Switzerland and the Low
Countries. A beautiful book!
Klyashtornyi, S. G. Iz Istorii Bor’by Narodov Srednei Azii Protiv Arabov (po Runicheskim Tekstam)/ On the
History of the Struggle of Central Asian Towns Against the Arabs (as revealed in Runic Texts). Epigrafika
Vostoka, Volume IX, pp. 52-64, 1954.
An interesting history of Central Asia (Turgic Khaganate, Sogd, Fergana, al-Shash, Samarqand, Khwarizm,
Semirech’nye) as told from contemporary sources. It covers the years 710-714 AD and describes a coalition
formed by the Turgic Khaganate (in Semirech’nye), Fergana, al-Shash and Sogd against the Arabs. A
breakdown in this coalition from traditional squabbles among the towns played a significant role in the
ascension of the Samanid dynasty.
Kneedler, W. Harding. The Coins of North Siam. Journal of the Siam Society, Vol XXIX, pp. 1-11, 1937.
Reprinted in Siamese Coins and Tokens, Andrew Publishing Company, London, 1977.
A nice article on primitive money of Thailand, including flower money, tiger tongues, toks, pig-mouth
money, C’ieng money, fish money, bullets, and other weird things. There are several mediocre photographs.
Koch, Bernhard, Helmut Ertl, Helmut Jungwirth and Karl Schulz. Die Wiener Muenze: Eine Geschichte der
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Muenzstaette Wien. Oesterreichische Numismatische Gesellschaft, Wien, 1989.
A history of the mint at Wien/Vienna, Austria. The book is dedicated to 150 years of the mint's occupation
of the its present location. There is one chapter that covers the entire history of coinage in Vienna from Celts
to the present, and another that gives a short history of all mints in Austria through the middle ages. Book is
nicely done with excellent photographs. Not a comprehensive catalogue.
Koch, Heidemarie. A Hoard of Coins from Eastern Parthia. Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 165, The
American Numismatic Society, New York, 1990.
The description of a hoard of copper coins from late Parthian times and Indo-Parthians in Khoresm,
especially Abarshahr (Nishapur) and Margiana (Marw). Especially important for the coins of Sanabar II and
his successor(s). There is a lengthy discussion of the groupings, dates of issue, etc. Each coin is
photographed.
Kochnev, B. D. Novye Numizmaticheskiye Dannye po Istorii Karakhanidov Vtoroi Poloviny XII-Nachala XIII v.
Pp 75-103 In: E. A. Davidovich (ed.) Kirgiziya pri Karakhanidakh, Akademiya Nauk Kirgizskoi SSR,
Institut Istorii, Frunze, 1983.
One of Kochnev’s early works on Qarakhanid numismatics. Some coin descriptions, photos of three coins.
Kochnev, B. D. Monety Kharashketa (Kharachketa)/ Coins of Kharashket (Kharachket). Obshchestvennie Nauki
v Uzbekistane, Vol. 6, pp. 48-51, 1988.
A description of two very rare Qarakhanid fulus of the Kharachket mint in the Shash province. One is dated
AH 405 and is in the name of Ahmad bin ‘Ali. The other is dated AH 420 and is anonymous.
Kochnev, B. D. Togryl-Khan i Togryl-Tegin. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XXIV, pp. 57-67, 1988.
Description of 15 coin from Benaket, Gannaj, Taraz, Tunket, Chinanchiket, Shash, Marginan from the
Qarakhanids, Eastern branch. Tughril Khan Yusuf was ruler of the eastern Khanate. The Tashkent Oasis
was under the rule of his son Tughril-tekin Umar, who transferred Gannadj, Chinanchiket, Benaket and
Tunket to his vassals. When Tughril Khan died, his son Tughril Tekin became supreme ruler with the title
Qarakhan. Coins fully described with Arabic legends.
Kochnev, B. D. Klad Monet Bukharkhudarskogo Tipa iz Miankalya. pp. 49-78 In: Rtveladze (Ed.) Numizmatika
Uzbekistana, Akademiya Nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent, 1990, pp. 49-78.
Description of a small hoard of Arab-Bukharan coinage. Includes the Arabic legends on each coin type and
a metrological analysis.
Kochnev, B. D. Zametki po Srednevekovoi Numizmatike Srednei Azii, Chast’ 10 (Karakhanidy)/ Notes on the
Medieval Numismatics of Central Asia, Part 10 (Qarakhanids). Istoriya Materialnoi Kultury Uzbekistana,
Volume 24, pp. 207-214, 1990.
Notes pertaining to the third period of Qarakhanid coinage (local rulers). Primarily historical rather than
numismatic.
Kochnev, B. D. Karakhanidskiye Monety: Istochnikovedcheskoye i Istoricheskoye Issledovaniye/ Qarakhanid
Coins: Investigations of Sources and History. Autoreferat, Moscow, 1993.
A summary of Kochnev’s doctoral dissertation on Qarakhanid coinage. There are not illustrations or coin
119

descriptions. The work was eventually summarized in his later publications on Qarakhanid legends and titles.
Kochnev, B. D. Svod Nadpisei na Karakhanidskikh Monetakh: Antroponimy Titulatura (Chast I)/A Corpus of
Inscriptions on the Qarakhanid Coins: Anthroponymes and Titles(Part I). Vostochnoe Istoricheskoe
Istochnikovedenie i Spetsial’nie Istoricheskie Distsipliny Vol 4, pp. 201-279, 1995.
A tabular listing of all the titles and legends on early Qarakhanid coins arranged by date and mint.
Kochnev, B. D. Rannesamanidskie Udel’nie Fel’sy Fergany/ Early locally-minted Samanid Fulus from
Ferghana. In: Monety i Medali,Sbornik Statei po Materialam Kollektsii Otdela Numizmatiki, pp. 180-191,
Gosudarstvennyi Muzei Izobrazitel’nykh Iskusstv im. A. S. Pushkina, Moscow, 1996.
Fulus from Akhsikat, AH 250-303,and from Khodjend, AH 279, the latter in the name of Nuh bin Asad.
Kochnev, B. D. Svod Nadpisei na Karakhanidskikh Monetakh: Antroponimy Titulatura (Chast 2)/A Corpus of
Inscriptions on the Qarakhanid Coins: Anthroponymes and Titles(Part 2). Vostochnoe Istoricheskoe
Istochnikovedenie i Spetsial’nie Istoricheskie Distsipliny Vol. 5, Moscow, pp. 245-314, 1997.
The completion of his tabular listing of titles and legends on Qarakhanid coins.
Kochnev, B. D. Nachal’nii Etap Sel’dzhukidskoi Chekanki/ The First Stage of Seljuq Coinage. Mezhdunarodnyi
Numizmaticheskii Al’manakh, Moneta No. 5, Vologda, pp. 5-15, 1998.
Fulus from the Kirmine region dated AH 415 and 419 are in the name of Muizz ad-Daula Yabgu Musa bin
Seljuk. This part of the Zarafshan valley was granted to him by the Qarakhanid ‘Ali bin Hasan. Musa was
allowed to mint coins in his own name without citing ‘Ali as overlord. There are no illustrations of the coins.
Kochnev, B. D. Partiya Monet iz Klada, Soderzhashchego Dirkhemy Saganiana XI Veka/ A Group of Coins from
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a Hoard Containing 11 Century Dirhams of Saghaniyan. Drevnosti Povolzh’ya i Drugikh Regionov, Vypusk
III. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom II, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp.
229-244, 2000.
The coins are Muhtajid(?) of Abu’l-Qasim, Qarakhanid of Tafghaj Khan Ibrahim b. Nasr, Ghaznavid of
Mawdud b. Masud (Termez mint), Great Seljuq of Chagri Beg Daud, and several that could not be identified to
dynasty, mint or date. Legends written out in Arabic as far as possible. No drawings or photos.
Kochnev, B. D. Konechnyi Etap Numizmaticheskoi Istorii Karkhanida Mukhammada b. Nasra/ The Final Stage of
the Numismatic History of the Qarakhanid Muhammad b. Nasr. In: E. V. Rtveladze (editor), Numizmatika
Tsentral’noi Azii V, Tashkent, pp. 63-75, 2001.
Description of two dirhams from Quz-Ordu, dated AH 453, allowing the author to verify the date of death of
Muhammad b. Nasr through numismatic evidence. No Arabic legends written out and no illustrations or
photos.
Kochnev, B. D. Monety Musy Yabgu, Syna Sel’dzhuka (O Rannikh Etapakh Sel’dzhukidskovo Chekana)/ Coins of
Musa Yabghu, Son of Seljuq (On the Early Stages of Seljuq Coins). Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XXVI, pp.
34-51, 2001.
Coins illustrating the relationship of the Qarakhanid Mu’izz al-Daula (‘Ali b. al-Hasan) in Kermine and the
early Great Seljuq Musa Yabghu b. Seljuq in Kermine and Herat. The Great Seljuqs lost their rights in
Kermine in 1029 AD. From 1024 - 1028, Musa Yabghu issued coins without the name of his Qarakhanid
overlord.
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Kochnev, B. D. Klad Zolotykh Monet XII - Nachala XIII v./ A Hoard of Gold Coins from the 12 - Beginning of
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the 13 Century. Monety i Medali, Volume II, Gosudarstvennyi Muzei Izobrazitel’nykh Iskusstv im. A. S.
Pushkina, pp. 134-168, 2004.
98 gold dinars found in Uzbekistan. They include Great Seljuq, Khwarizmshah, Qarakhanid, Ghorid and
anonymous (probably Mongol) coins from the mints of Nishapur, Balkh, Termez, Bukhara, Samarqand,
Khwarizm, and Ardistan (?). The coins are all nicely described with all legends written out. All are
photographed, but the photos are very dark and not very useful.
Kochnev, B. D. Numizmaticheskaya Istoriya Karakhanidskogo Kaganata (991-1209). Chast’ I.
Istochnikovedcheskoe Issledovanie/ Numismatic History of the Qarakhanid Khaganate. Part I. Investigation
of the Sources. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Vostokovedeniya, Moscow, 2006.
Posthumous work completed by Vladimir Nastich. It is not a catalogue of coins, but has great information for
identifying them. Chapters include explanation of legends, including all the variations of names, lists of mints
in Arabic and Russian, and Koranic and non-Koranic inscriptions; methods of study; summary of all the names
found on Qarakhanid coins; a long political history of the Qarakhanids; and a final chapter on what the coins
tell us about the history of the Qarakhanids. This book begs for a translation into English!
Kochnev, B. D. Novoe o Monetnom Chekane Kuz Ordu i Barskhana/ New Data on Coins Struck in Quz Ordu and
Barskhan. Materialy i Issledovaniya po Arkheologii Kyrgyzstana, Vypusk 3, Bishkek, pp. 68-82, 2008.
Descriptions of 41 coins of the Eastern Qarakhanids. Followed by pp. 83-4, Addenda and Corrigenda by V. N.
Nastich and V. G. Koshevar.
Kochnev, B. D. K Istorii Bor’by Mezhdu Samadidami i Karakhanidami v Kontse X v./ On the History of the Rivalry
between the Samanids and the Qarakhanids at the end of the Tenth Century. Materialy i Issledovaniya po
Arkheologii Kyrgyzstana, Vypusk 4, Bishkek, pp. 104-111, 2009.
The use of numismatic evidence to define more precisely the conquest of the Samanids by the Qarakhanids
known in the historical literature.
Kochnev, B. D. and M. N. Fedorov. Dva Klada Karakhanidskikh Dirkhemov Serediny XI V. iz Kirgizii/Two
hoards of Qarakhanid Dirhams of the middle of the 11th Century from Kirghizia. Numizmatika i Epigrafika,
Vol. XI, pp. 179-195, 1974.
Detailed descriptions of two large hoards of Islamic Qarakhanid coins with many legends written out.
Koelnisches Stadtmuseum. Koelner Geld aus der Sammlung Dr. Lueckger und dem Muenzkabinett des
Koelnischen Stadtmuseums. Koeln, 1970.
A booklet prepared to accompany an exhibit of coins used in Koeln (Cologne). There are very few illustrations
or photos, but several hundred coin descriptions. It appears to be of limited use for coin attribution, but there is
a decent historical introduction and a reasonable bibliography.
al-Kofahi, M. M., K. F. al-Tarawneh and J. M. Shobaki. Analysis of Abbasid Dirhams Using XRF Techniques. X-Ray
Spectrometry, Volume 26, pp. 10-14, 1997.
Description of a non-destructive techniqe, X-Ray Fluorescence, to determine the composition of five Abbasid
dirhams from AH 158-218. Silver composition ranged from 41 to 84 percent by weight. Other metals with
concentration of greater than one percent included Mercury, Lead, Gold, Copper and Tin. Silver fineness was
highest in two dirhams struck in Madinat al-Salam (Baghdad), the capital, while those in the more distant
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provinces had significantly lower fineness. The authors conclude that quality control was less stringent in the
provinces than in the capital and that perhaps techniques for refining high-quality silver were better known in
Baghdad.
Koifman, A. A. and V. P. Lebedev. Klad Serebryanykh Sel’dzhukskikh Dinarov i ikh Fragmentov Serediny XII v/
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A hoard of silver Seljuq Dinars and their Fragments from the middle of the 12 century. Desyataya
Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Moscow, pp. 72-75,
2002.
Description of a hoard of approximately 600 Great Seljuq silver dinars, of which 71 percent were fragments.
They spanned five reigns and were from six identifiable mints. Most of the coins were of types already known,
but a few were new. There are reconstructed drawings of eight of the types.
Kolbas, Judith. Mamluk Bronze Weights: An Extinct Species? ANS Museum Notes, Volume 31, pp. 203-206,
1986.
Shows that the only known Mamluk bronze weight is a forgery.
Kolbas, Judith Grace. Mongol Money: The Role of Tabriz from Chingiz Khan to Uljaytu, 616-709 AH / 1220-
1309 AD. Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University, 1992.
A lengthy (more than 600 pages) doctoral dissertation on the theory, structure and techniques of monetary
policy in the southwestern portion of the Mongol empire from Chingiz Khan to the mid reign of Uljaytu
(Ilkhan). The thesis also explores social and political structure, administrative languages and cultural symbols.
Most of the direct work on coins in metrological, not descriptive, although there are descriptions and photos of
several coin types as an appendix.
Kolesnikov, A. I. Denezhnoe Khozaistvo v Irane v VII Veke. Izdatelskaya Firma Vostochnaya Literatura
Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Moscow, 1998.
An in-depth analysis of Sasanian and Arab-Sasanian coins from Iran in the seventh century, with illustrations
from the collection of the Ermitage Museum collection. There are good plates of photographs of coins and
much descriptive material in the text. It is less of a catalogue for identification than it is an analysis of the
coins. It is mostly text.
Kolyzin, A. M. O Monetnom Chekane v Poslednie Gody Khyazheniya Dmitriya Donskovo/ On Coins Struck in
the Last Years of Prince Dmitri Donskoi. Moskovskoe Numizmaticheskoe Obshchestvo, Numizmaticheskii
Sbornik No. 2, Moscow, pp. 21-32, 1992.
An analysis of the coins of the last part of the reign of Prince Dmitri Konstantinovich Donskoi (1365-1383) of
the Russian principality Suzdal-Nizhegorod. There are no illustrations.
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Kolyzin, A. M. Torgovlya Drevnei Moskvy (XII - Seredina XV v)/ Trade in Old Moscow (12 - mid 15
Centuries). Published by the author, Moscow, 2001.
A detailed analysis of trade in medieval Moscow based on archaeological and numismatic evidence. The book
is mostly text and was not intended to be a catalogue or either artifacts or coins. There is an entire chapter
devoted to numismatic evidence with discussions of coinage of both Moscow Rus’ and the Golden Horde. The
illustrations in plates at the end include a great series of maps, many line drawings of artifacts, line drawings of
four great coins of Dmitry Donskoi, and a few Golden Horde coins. The book is organized such that the
Russian text is easy to follow.
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Kolyzin, A. M. and E. V. Yanushkina. Unpublished Copper Coins of the Ryazan Grand Duchy. Journal of the
Russian Numismatic Society, Number 71, pp. 40-42, Winter, 2001.
The description of two Ryazan copper Puls consisting of a tamga overstruck on copper coins. Both coins were
countermarked with the same punch with a tamga consistent with that of the reigns of Fedor Olgovich and Ivan
Fedorovich. The punch itself was probably made in an earlier reign. One of the coins, the one in Figure 3,
seems to be a countermarked Golden Horde pul of Saray al-Jadida 752 (not stated in the article, but the coin is
in my collection).
Komaroff, Linda. The Epigraphy of Timurid Coinage: Some Preliminary Remarks. ANS Museum Notes, Volume
31, pp. 207-232, 1986.
An important discussion of the legends on Timurid coins. This is one of the only analyses of Timurid coins
and is based to some extent on unpublished work of Steve Album.
Kool, Robert and Warren C. Schultz. The Copper Coins of the Mamluk Sultan al-Malik al-Mansur Lajin ®. AH 696-
698/1297-1299 CE). Israel Numismatic Journal Volume 4, pp. 135-144, 2009.
The authors describe three types of copper Fulus from the Mamluk sultan’s reign. One was known to Balog, a
second had been previously published, but overlooked by Balog, and the third is a new type.
Korn, Lorenz. Sylloge Numorum Arabicorum Tuebingen. Hamah IVc Bilad as-Sam III. Ernst Wasmuth Verlag,
Tuebingen, 1998.
This volume contains coins of only one mint, Hamah. The dynasties included are Ayyubid, Mongols (Ilkhan
Hulagu and Chingizid Mongke) and Mamluk. Outstanding photos, maybe better than previous volumes.
Koshevar, V. G. O Pokupatel’noi Sposobnosti Monet Semirech’ya v Pervoi Polovine VIII Veka/ On the
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Purchasing Power of the Coins of Semirech’ye in the First Half of the 8 Century. In: Kol’chenko, V. A. and
F G. Rott (eds.) Materialy i Issledovaniya po Arkheologii Kyrgyzstana, Vypusk 1, pp. 89-92, Bishkek, 2005.
Contradicts Kamyshev by stating that there are no confirmed data about what coins of Semirech’ye could
purchase. One can only conclude that Chinese coins of different issues and coins of several local mints with
different diameters circulated simultaneously.
Koshevar, V. G. O Khronologii Pravleniya Vostochnykh Karakhanidov vo Vtoroi Polovine XI v./ On the Chronology
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of Khans of the Eastern Qarakhanids in the Second Half of the 11 Century. Materialy i Issledovaniya po
Arkheologii Kyrgyzstana, Vypusk 4, Bishkek, pp. 121-130, 2009.
The genealogy and chronology of the Eastern Qarakhanids based on written historical sources and numismatic
evidence.
Koshevar, V. G. and A. T. Abasbekov. Klad Karakhanidskikh Dirkhamov 2-i Pol. XI v. c Gorodishcha Sadyr-Kurgan/
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A Hoard of Qarakhanid Dirhams from the Second Half of the 11 Century from Sadyr-Kurgan. Materialy i
Issledovaniya po Arkheologii Kyrgyzstana, Vypusk 4, Bishkek, pp. 112-121, 2009.
Coin evidence established the chronology or the reigns of Khans of the Eastern Qarakhanids. Coins are
described with legends written out.
Kotlyar, N. F. Klad Monet Vladimira Olgerdovicha/A Hoard of Coins of Vladimir Olgerdovich. Numizmatika i
Epigrafika, Vol. VIII, pp. 88-100, 1970.
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The description of a hoard of rare coins of the 14 century Prince of Kiev, Russia, Vladimir Olgerdovich.
Kotlyar, N. F. Severorusskie (“Chernigovskie”) Monetnye Grivny/ North Russian Monetary Grivnas.
Drevneishie Gosudarstva Vostochnoi Evropy: Novoe v Numizmatike, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut
Rossiiskoi Istorii, Moscow, pp. 80-142, 1994.
A nice article with great photographs describing sevral different styles of silver grivnas found in northern
Russia.
Kouymjian, Dickran Karnick (editor). Near Eastern Numismatics, Iconography, Epigraphy and History: Studies
in Honor of George C. Miles. American University of Beirut,1974.
A Festschrift to Miles. Includes his bibliography and many important articles, including: Balog on Sasanian
and Islamic Ornamental Glass Vessel Stamps, Bacharach and Awad on early bronze coinage of Egypt, al-’Ush
on rare Islamic coins, Bykov on Islamic coins hoards in the Soviet Union, Kmietowicz on Samanid dirhams,
Lewicki on Samanid commerce with Europe, Bikhazi on Hamdanid coins, Bulliet on Seljuq, Cahen on
Egyptian coinage of the 6th/12th century, Brown on Artuqid and Zengid coinage, Bivar on a Mongol hoard,
Bates on Crusader imitations of Ayyubid coins, Smith and Benin on Ilkhan economics, Artuk on Ottoman coins
of Orhan.
Kouymjian, Dickran Karnick. A Numismatic History of Southeastern Caucasia and Adharbayjan Based on the
Islamic Coinage of the 5th/11th to the 7th/13th Centuries. Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, New
York, 1969. Photocopy from University Microfilms, Inc. Dissertation Services.
A thorough historical treatment and corpus of all known coins of the Ildegizids, Sulamids (Maliks of Darband),
Khaqanids (Shirvanshahs, 1st dynasty) and Pishkinids (Maliks of Ahar). Legends completely written out and
translated.
Kozhara, A. Subway Tokens that Circulated in the Territory of the Former USSR. Tybydym Steed, Tallinn, 1996.
A neat little bilingual (Russian and English) catalogue of subway tokens from Baku Azerbaijan), Yerevan
(Armenia), Minsk (Byelorussia), Tbilisi (Georgia), Ekaterinburg, Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg,
Samara (Russia), Tashkent (Uzbekistan), Dniepropetrovsk, Kiev, Kharkov (Ukraine). Each type is
photographed and fully described with legends, diameter, material, color.
Krachkovskaya, V. A. Evolyutsiya Kuficheskogo Pis’ma v Srednei Azii/ The Evolution of Kufic Script in Central
Asia. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume III, pp. 3-27, 1949.
A study of Kufic script found on coins, monuments, pottery and manuscripts in Central Asia. There are only
two coins illustrated in the article, an Umayyad dirham of Marw, AH 76 (?) and a Samanid dirham of Nasr II b.
Ahmad, Nishapur 305.
Krachkovskaya, V. A. Pamyatniki Arabskovo Pis’ma v Srednei Azii i Zakavkaz’ye do IX v/ Monuments with
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Arabic Writing in Central Asia and Caucasia up to the 9 Century. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume VI, pp. 46-
100, 1952.
An extensive review of Arabic script found on early monuments with analyses of how the letters changed over
time. There are numerous reproductions of the source material and tables of alphabetic examples. Many of the
tables fold out to show the entire alphabet as it changed over time. Neat article for anyone interested in
calligraphic evolution.
Krasnov, Dzh. Kratkii Obzor Monetnovo dela Srednevekovoi Khorvatii/A Brief Survey of Coins from Medieval
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Croatia. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. XIV, pp. 76-83, 1984.
A short article on coins of medieval Croatia, with three photographic plates of coins at the end of the Journal.
Includes Friesacher-type pfennigs, Weasal dinars of Slavonia and Croatia, Dalmatia, Venice, Ragusa,
Hungarian, and civic coins of Split.
Kreissparkasse Koeln. Vom Scripulum zur Schnellwaage. Das Fenster in der Kreissparkass Koeln, Thema 102,
October, 1978. 12 pp.
th
A neat history of weights and scales from ancient times until the 20 century. Includes ancient Egypt and
Babylon, Byzantium and medieval Europe.
Kreissparkasse Koeln. Vom Taler zum Dollar: Aus Joachimsthal in alle Welt. Das Fenster in der Kreissparkass
Koeln, Thema 110, February, 1981. 8 pp.
Brief overview of the history of German and other European talers, focusing on Cologne, but also including
Hungary, Austria, Saxony, Frankfurt, Prussia, Bavaria and the Netherlands.
Kreissparkasse Koeln. Von der Geldkatze zur Brieftasche. Das Fenster in der Halle der Kreissparkasse Koeln, Thema
111, May, 1981, 8 pp.
Brief history of purses, moneybags, etc.
Kreissparkasse Koeln. Luxemburg: Muenzen und Medaillen eines kleinen Landes mit grosser Geschichte. Das
Fenster in der Kreissparkass Koeln, Thema 141, September, 1991. 16 pp.
A small well-produced booklet accompanying an exhibit of the coins of Luxemburg at this bank in Cologne,
Germany.
Kreissparkasse Koeln. Serbien, Slowenien, Kroatien: Geldgeschichte der Suedslaxischen Voelker auf dem Balkan.
Das Fenster in der Kreissparkass Koeln, Thema 143, May, 1992. 16 pp.
Overview of medieval and modeern Balkan coinage.
Kreissparkasse Koeln. Nicht erst seit Kolumbus: Das Alte in der Neuen Welt, dargestellt auf Zahlungsmitteln.
Das Fenster in der Kreissparkass Koeln, Thema 144, October, 1992. 16 pp.
Representations of Columbus and native North and South Americans on the coins and banknotes of the New
World.
Kreissparkasse Koeln. Vom Weinzeichen der Ratsherren zur Biermarke des Koebes: Gepraegte Zeugen der
Koelner Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Das Fenster in der Kreissparkass Koeln, Thema 146, October, 1993. 16 pp.
th th
Merchant tokens from Cologne, 15 - early 20 centuries. The earliest are wine tokens, then several bread
tokens, one really neat one for a casket maker with a skull on it, tokens for ship passage, many others.
Krivtsov, V. D. Avers No. 5. Katalog Tsarskikh i Sovetskikh Nagrad, Znakov, Zhetonov i Nastol’nykh Medalei.
Antikvarno-Auktsionnyi Dom Gelos, Moscow, 2001.
A catalogue of tokens and medals from imperial and Soviet Russia.
Kropotkin, V. V. and T. I. Makarova. Nakhodka Moneti Olega-Mikhaila v Korcheve/ A Find of Coins of Oleg-
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Mikhail in Korchev. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1973(2), pp. 250-254, 1973.
The report of finding a rare silver coin of Oleg-Mikhail of Tmutarakan in a grave. There is a photo of the coin
in question and three coins out of museum collections for comparison.
Krotkov, A. A. Dva Sobraniya Dzhuchidskikh Monet./ Two Collections of Jujid Coins. Trudy Nizhne-Volzhskogo
Obshchestva Kraevedeniya, Izdaniya, Saratov, 1930.
A description of 105 + 69 copper and silver coins of the Golden Horde. The descriptions translate Arabic
legends into Russian but are not written out in Arabic. There are drawing of many coins, including several
coppers from Mohshi.
Krusy, Hans. Gegenstempel auf Muenzen des Spaetmittelalters. Numismatischer Verlag P. N. Schulten,
Frankfurt am Main, 1974.
A comprehensive catalogue of German countermarks. There are plates of drawings of just the countermarks
and plates of countermarked coins. Alphabetically arranged by city or state.
Kukuranov, L. N. The “Urdu” Issues of Emperor Akbar. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 15, pp. 137-140, 1969.
Coins from Mughal India of Akbar have three forms of the mint name Urdu. Urdu is the camp mint of the
Mughal emperors.
Kurbanov, Golib. Zolotye Monety (Ashrafi) Sheibanidov Kontsa XVI v. v Kollektsii Universiteta Tyubingena
th
(Germaniya)/ Gold Coins (Ashrafi) of the Shaybanids from the end of the 16 Century in the Collection of the
University of Tuebingen (Germany). In Antinova, E. V. And T. K. Kmrtychev, Tsentral’naya Aziya:
Istochniki, Istoriya, Kul’tura, Izdatel’skaya Firma Vostochnaya Literatura RAN, Moscow, pp. 412-426, 2005.
Description of 13 Shaybanid gold coins of ‘Abd Allah II and ‘Abd al-Mumin. Table of different cartouches,
partial descriptions of the coins, photographs of all of them. Coins are from Herat, Mashhad, Badakhshan, and
without mint.
Kurkman, Garo and Omer Diler. Alaiye Paralari/Coinage of 'Ala'iye. Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul, 1981. Bound
with Monographs on Turkish Coinage.
Coinage of the Islamic Turkish Alanya beylik. Includes late Seljuq, early Ilkhanid and some Mamluk coinage.
Line drawings of coins with full Arabic legends written out and tranliterated. No translations. Eight
photographic plates and several maps.
Kuteliya, T. S. Catalogue of the Iranian Copper Coins in the State Museum of Georgia. Tbilisi Metzniereba,
Tbilisi, 1990. Text in Georgian, English and Russian. Tables and Figures in Georgian only.
Descriptions and very nice line drawings of 545 Iranian Civic Coppers. My copy has translations into English
of the Georgian text in the tables and figures. A very useful book given the paucity of publications with good
collections of civic coppers.
th
Kuteliya, T. S. Klad Monet XVII Beka iz Norio/ A Hoard of Coins of the 17 Century from Norio.
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik Posvyashchaetsya Pamyati D. G. Kapanadze, pp. 135-149. Akademiya Nauk
Gruzinskoi SSR, Tbilisi, 1977.
A hoard of Safavid coins from Georgia.
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Kuteliya, T. S. Gruziya i Sefevidskii Iran/Georgia and Safavid Iran. Akademiya Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR, Tbilisi,
1979.
The book is primarily about the Islamic Safavid coins struck in Georgia. It includes civic coppers. There are
also chapters on hoards and single finds of Safavid coins found in Georgia but struck at other mints. Legends
are written out. Plates are mediocre but readable.
Kuznetsov, A. V. Katalog Monet Chaganiana V-VIII vv. Izkatelstvo Fan, Akademii Nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan,
Tashkent, 1994.
A catalogue or booklet on Sasanian and countermarked Sasanian coins from Chaganiana in Central Asia, as
well as coins struck with Chaganianan legends. Nice plates with photographs of over 200 coins.
Kuznetsov, A. V. Ynikal’naya Chchskaya Moneta, Izgotovlennaya po Kitaiskomu Obraztsu/ A Unique coin of Chach,
Manufactured in a Chinese Style. Numizmatika No. 16, p. 17, 2008.
A square-holed coin of Chach with clear legends written out and translated. The legends include the name
Chach. The reverse has a nice tamga.
La Baume, Peter. Keltische Muenzen: Ein Brevier. Klinkhardt & Biermann, Braunschweig, 1960.
A brief introduction to Celtic coinage. It includes a historical overview of the origin and distribution of Celtic
tribes and illustrates several examples of their coinage. A map traces the evolution of Celtic coin types from
several ancient Greek prototypes.
Lachman, Samuel. A Hoard of Silver Coins of Barsbay. ANS Museum Notes, Vol. 18, pp. 163-166, 1972.
A description of 78 Islamic coins of the Mamluk Barsbay.
Lachman, Samuel. The Initial Letters on Ottoman Coins of the Eighteenth Century. American Numismatic
Society Museum Notes, Vol. 19, pp. 199-224, 1974.
Covers Ottoman coinage from Mustafa II to Selim III (1106-1222/1695-1807).
Lachman, Samuel. The Use of Mameluk Coins in the Zaydi Yemen in the late 9th/15th Century.
Spink's Numismatic Circular, Vol. 93, pp. 330-331, 1985.
A historical note on use of coins in the Yemen between the Rasulid and Qasimid dynasties. Notes that no coins
of the Tahirids yet known.
Lachman, Samuel. A Coin of the Tahirids of the Yemen. Spink's Numismatic Circular, Vol. 94, p. 223, 1986.
The description of a single coin from the 15th century Tahirid dynasty.
Lachman, Samuel. The Ibrahimi. Spink's Numismatic Circular, Vol. 95, pp. 182-183, 1987.
Notes several historical references to a gold coin called an Ibrahimi, which he deduces from the evidence is an
Ottoman issue from Egypt.
Lachman, Samuel. The Period of the Early Qasimid Imams of the Yemen. 1006-1054H/1597-1644. Spink's
Numismatic Circular, Vol. 96, pp. 39-43, 1988.
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A historical outline, mention of Ottoman coins in the Yemen, and descriptions of Qasimid coins.
Lachman, Samuel. The Zaidi Imam al-Mahdi Ahmad b. al-Hasan. 1087-1092H/1676-1681. Spink's Numismatic
Circular, Vol. 96, pp. 143-146, 1988.
A history and description of coins of one Imam of Islamic Qasimid Yemen.
Lachman, Samuel. The Gold Coins of the Zaidi Imams of the 17th to 19th Centuries. Spink's Numismatic
Circular, Vol. 96, pp. 211-2, 1988.
Qasimid Yemen.
Lachman, Samuel. The Coins of the Zaidi Imam al-Mutawakkil 'ala allah Isma'il b. al-Qasim, 1054-1087 H/1644-
1676. Parts I and II. Spink's Numismatic Circular, Vol. 97, pp. 147-50 and 183-185, 1989.
Qasimid Yemen.
Lachman, Samuel. The Coins of the Zaidi Imams of the period 1224-1265 H/1809-1849. Spink's Numismatic
Circular, Vol. 98, pp. 1-7, 1990.
Qasimid Yemen
Lachman, Samuel. A Gold Coin of the Zaidi Imam al-Mutawakkil al-Qasim b. al-Husayn. Spink's Numismatic
Circular, Vol. 98, p. 84, 1990.
Qasimid Yemen.
Lachman, Samuel. A Tughra' on a Gold Coin of the Azidi Imam al-Mahdi al-'Abbas. Spink's Numismatic
Circular, Vol. 98, p. 351, 1990.
Qasimid Yemen.
Lachman, Samuel. The Numismatics of the Yemen of the 10th/16th Century. Parts 1-6. Spink's Numismatic
Circular, Vol. 100, pp. 113-114, 147-8, 185-6, 223-4, 263-4, 300-2, 1992.
Mostly a historical overview of Yemen numismatics. The coinage of two Qasimid Imams is described in Part
6.
Lagerqvist, Lars O. Svenska Mynt under Vikingatid och Medeltid samt Gotlaendska Mynt. Numismatiska
Bokfoerlaget, Stockholm, 1970.
Viking and medieval coinage of Sweden (995-1521) and Gotland (1140-1565). Includes photographs of most
coin types and valuations in two grades.
Lam Wing Cheung. Coins of Kwangtung Mints. Urban Council, Hong Kong, 1979.
A production of the Hong Kong Museum of History. A small book about coins that were struck and circulated
in Kwangtung province. Includes cast cash and modern milled coinage. Bilingual, Chinese and English.
Illustrations are a mix of low-quality rubbings and mediocre photos.
Lamb, Robert A. Catalogue of German War Tokens: The Municipal Issues, 1914-1921. Lamb Press, Tucson,
128

Arizona, 1966.
One of the standard catalogues of German Notgeld. At least one of each city is photographed. Out of date
valuations give a hint of the rarity.
Lamb, Robert A. A Catalogue of French Emergency Tokens of 1914-1922. Lamb Press, Tucson, Arizona, 1967.
A catalogue of French Notgeld, including Tokens of Algeria, Morocco, French Indo-China. There is a photo
of one coin from most of the towns in the catalogue. Includes values (from 1967).
Lambros, Paul. Unpublished Coins of the Medieval Kingdom of Cyprus. Originally published by K. N. Sathas,
Vienna, 1873. Reprinted by Obol International, Chicago, 1980. Full text in English, French and Greek.
A history and catalogue of the coinage of Cyprus from 1184 until 1571. Each coin is illustrated with a line
drawing. This was apparently the earliest catalogue of the coins of Cyprus.
Lane-Poole, Stanley. The Coins of the Amawi Khalifehs. Originally published 1874. Reprinted by Argonaut,
Inc., Chicago, 1968.
A catalogue of a collection of coins of the early Islamic Umayyid dynasty, broken down by mint and year of
issue. Several plates of photographs are included. There is no historical overview.
Lane-Poole, Stanley. Coins of the Urtuki Turkumans. Truebner and Co., London, 1875.
Lane-Poole, Stanley. Coins of the Urtuki Turkumans (Foes of the Crusaders). Originally published as Numismata
Orientalia, Part II, London, 1875. Reprinted by Charles H. McSorley, Closter, New Jersey. Xerox copy.
An early standard work on the Islamic Artuqid dynasty of Syria, covering the period AH 516-693 (1122-1295).
Includes a historical outline, descriptions of coins (without legend translations), photographic plates.
Lane-Poole, Stanley. Catalog of Oriental Coins in the British Museum. Ten Volumes. Originally published by
the British Museum, London, 1875-1890. Reprinted by Forni Editore, Bologna, 1967.
Each volume includes historical and numismatic overviews. The corpus itself includes complete Arabic
legends written out. Each volume has numerous indexes to legends, mints, rulers, etc.
Volume I, The Coins of the Eastern Khaleefehs - Umayyads (post-reform only) and Abbasids
Volume II, The Coins of the Muhammadan Dynasties - Umayyads of Spain, other Spanish dynasties,
Idrisids, Aghlabids, Tulunids, Ikhshidids, Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids, Banijurids (Abu Da'udid),
Khan of Volga-Bulghar, Qarakhanid (Ilek Khans), Ghaznavids, Khwarizmshahs, Amir of Umara,
Buwayhids
Volume III, The Coins of the Turkuman Houses of Seljook, Urtuk, Zengee, etc. - Hamdanids, Ziyarids,
Saffarid (Governors of Sijistan), Kakwayhids, 'Uqaylids, Marwanids, Seljuqs, Salduqids, Shah of
Mazendaran, Amir of Neysaboor, Artuqids, Zangids, Begteginids, Ildegizid, Salghurid (Atabegs of
Faris), Pishkinid (Kings of Ahar)
Volume IV, The Coinage of Egypt (AH 358-922) under the Fatimee Khaleefehs, the Ayyoobees, and the
Memlook Sultans - Fatimid, Ayyubid, Mamluk
Volume V, The Coins of the Moors of Africa and Spain, and the Kings and Imams of the Yemen -
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Murabitid, Muwahhid, Hafsid, Merinid, Ziyanid, Sa'dian Sharifs, 'Alawi Sharifs, Sulayhid, Zurayid,
Rasulid, Rassid, Qasimid
Volume VI, The Coins of the Mongols - Great Mongols (Chingizid), Ilkhan, Golden Horde (Jujid), Khan
of Kazan, Giray Khans, Chaghatayid, Kart, Jalayrid, Injuyid, Muzaffarid, Sarbadarid
Volume VII, The Coinage of Bukhara (Transoxiana) from the Time of Timur to the Present Day -
Timurid, Shaybanid, Janid , Mangit of Bukhara, Khans of Khoqand, Khans of Khiva, Ottoman
Kashgar, Amir of Budlees.
Volume VIII, The Coins of the Turks - Qara Qoyunlu, Aq Qoyunlu, Karamanid, Aydin, Saruhan,
Menteshe, Ottoman
Volume IX, Additions to Volumes I. -IV. - Adds Arab-Byzantine
Volume X, Additions to Volumes V. - VIII.
Lane-Poole, Stanley. Catalogue of the Mohammadan Coins preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1888.
Catalogue of a small collection of Islamic coins in Oxford. Includes early coppers, Umayyad, Abbasid,
Umayyad of Spain, Saffarid, Samanid, Qarakhanid, Sijistan, Rum Seljuqs, Artuqid, Begteginid, Ayyubid,
Mamluk, Saruhan, Eretnid, Qaramanid, Ottoman, Muwahhid, Sa’dian, Alawi, Great Mongol, Ilkhan, Golden
Horde, Chaghatayid, Timurid, Bukhara, Ghaznavid, Khwarizmshah, Indian, Safavid, Afghan, Afsharid, Zand,
Qajar, Durrani and glass weights. Good indices, legends written out. Good old photos.
Lane-Poole, Stanley. The Coins of the Moghul Emperors of Hindustan in the British Museum. Originally
published by the British Museum, London, 1892. Reprinted by Inter-India Publications, New Delhi, 1983.
One of the standard references on the Mughal coins of India. Standard BMC format with good historical
information in the introduction. Legends fully written out.
Lane-Poole, Stanley. The Mohammadan Dynasties. Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical
Introductions. Originally published London, 1893. Reprinted by Khayat Book & Publishing Company, Beirut,
1966.
A non-numismatic summary of the various Islamic dynasties broken down geographically. Contains historical
summaries, genealogies, and index of rulers. No maps. The preface explains the meaning of several Islamic
names.
Lane-Poole, Stanley. Catalogue of the Collection of Arabic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Library in Cairo.
Originally published Oxford, 1897. Reprint by al-Arab Bookshop S. Boustany, Cairo, 1984.
A catalogue of the museum holdings including Umayyad, Abbasid, Aghlabid, Tulunid, Ikhshidid, Fatimid,
Ayyubid, Mamluk, Ottoman, Sudan, Umayyad of Spain, Hammudid of Malaga, Hudid of Zaragoza, King of
Denia, Idrisid, Murabitid, Muwahhid, Granada, Hafsid, Marinid, ‘Alawi Sharifs, Dulafid, Samanid, Ghaznavid,
Buwayhid, Hasanwayhid, Hamdanid, Qarmatid, Mirdasid, ‘Uqaylid, Marwanid, Great Seljuq, Artuqid, Zangid,
Begteginid, Chingizid, Ilkhan, Zand, Qajar, Manghits of Bukhara, Khoqand, Kashgar, Normans of Sicily.
Legends are written out, no illustrations. It is obviously strongest in Egyption dynasties, with very few coins of
the others.
Lang, David M. Studies in the Numismatic History of Georgia in Transcaucasia. Numismatic Notes and
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Monographs No. 130. American Numismatic Society, New York, 1955.
A detailed history of coinage in Georgia from classical to modern times. Includes Islamic Abbasid, Bagratid,
Great Mongols (Chingizid), Chaghatayid Khans, Ilkhanids, Jalayrids, Safavid, Ottoman, and Afsharid
dynasties. Many photographic plates. Coins fully described with legends written out in Arabic and translated.
No transliterations.
Lang, David M. Coins of Georgia in Transcaucasia (Acquired by the American Numismatic Society: 1953-1965.
ANS Museum Notes, Vol. 12, pp. 223-232, 1966.
Additions to his earlier monograph on coins of Georgia.
Langlois, Victor. Numismatique de l'Armenie au Moyen-Age. Originally published by M. Camille Rollin, Paris,
1855. Reprinted by Editions Louis Pariente, Paris, 1978.
The standard reference to medieval Cilician Armenia prior to Bedoukian. Includes good historical
introductions to each ruler and full descriptions of coins, with all legends written out in Armenian. Not
translated.
Langlois, Victor. Numismatique des Arabes avant l"Islamisme. Originally published in Paris, 1859. Reprinted by
Forni, Bologna, 1979.
Coins of the Kingdom of Nabataea, Kingdom of Characene, Kingdom of Palmyria, Arab-Armenian Kingdom
of Edessa, Kingdom of Atratene, Kingdom of Homerites, Arabic Egypt and the Axumites. It is a classic work
with more history than coin descriptions.
Langlois, Victor. Essai de Classification des Suites Monetaires de la Georgie, depuis l’Antiquite jusqu’a nos
Jours. L’Imprimerie Imperiale, Paris, 1860. Photocopy.
th
An important reference on the coins of Georgia. A narrative-style catalogue typical of Langlois and other 19 -
century French numismatists. This one has much overlap and much different from my other catalogues of
Georgia. This one has a good emphasis on imitation Sasanian coinage and several smaller denominations with
Arabic writing from the reign of Constantine II. Nice addition to my Georgia material.
Langlois, Victor. Supplement a l’Essai de Classification des Suites Monetaires de la Georgie, depuis l’Antiquite
rd
jusqu’a nos Jours. Revue Numismatique Belge, 3 Series, Volume 5, pp. 331-346, 1861.
Additions of several more coins to his 1860 publication. Georgia, Bagratids, Mongols, Persians.
Lapa, Frank A. Russian Wire Money. Published by the author, 1967. Copy No. 641 of 1000 numbered copies.
Guide to the identification of wire kopecks of Russia. Translations of legends, guide to mintmarks and dates,
rarity indices.
Lasa, Carmelo. Hallazgos Numismaticos de Epoca Islamica: Alcaniz y Zaragoza. II. Jarique de Numismatica
Hispano-Arab, Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs de la Diputacio de Lleida, Lleida, pp. 249-257, 1988.
Hoards of gold, silver and copper coins of the Spanish Umayyads and other Spanish Islamic dynasties. Nice
photos of squarish fulus.
Launois, A. Estampilles et Poids Faibles en Verre Omeyyades et Abbassides au Musee Arabe du Caire.
Publications de l’Institut Francais d’Archeologie Orientale du Caire, Melanges Islamologiques III, 1957.
131

Photocopy
An extensive description of Umayyad and Abbasid glass jetons. All are fully described with Arabic legends
written out, and there are photographic plates at the end of the article. The Arab Museum in Cairo has a
collection of more than 1700 glass jetons. This work only looks at those from the Caliphate.
Lauter, Klaus. Ueber 2000 Jahre Muenzen im trierer Land. Kleine Muenzgeschichte von den Kelten bis zur
Gegenwart. Stadtsparkasse Trier, 1967.
A brief history of the coinage of Trier, Germany, and associated coinage of Koblenz. Approximately 200 types
illustrated. Published by a Trier bank.
Lapa, Frank A. Kandy Kings of Ceylon, 1055-1295 A.D. Published by the Author, Beverly Hills, 1968.
A monograph on the bronze coinage of medieval Ceylon. There is an accounting of all varieties known to the
author with rarity and price notations. Transliteration of the legends is given for each ruler.
Lavoix, Henri. Monnaies a legendes arabes frappees en Syrie par les Croises. Joseph Baer et Cie, Paris, 1877.
Photocopy.
A historical treatment of imitations of Islamic coins struck in Syria by the Crusaders. It quotes heavily from
original sources. Not a catalogue.
Lavoix, Henri. Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes de la Bibliotheque Nationale. I. Khalifes Orientaux.
Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1887. Two-sided photocopy, green hard thesis binding.
Arab-Byzantine, Arab-Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid, Abbasid partisans. Many early bronzes. Legends written
out, good indices, plates of many of the coins.
Lavoix, Henri. Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes de la Bibliotheque Nationale. II. Espagne et Afrique.
Originally published in Paris, 1891. Reprint by Forni, Bologna, 1977.
Umayyad of Spain, Hammudid, ‘Abbadid, Aftasid, Zirid of Granada, Dhu’l-Nunid, ‘Amirid, Hudid of
Zaragoza, Hudid of Denia, Kingdom of Mallorca, King of Tortosa, Berghwata of Ceuta, Murabitid, Kings of
Cordoba, Kings of Murcia, Muwahhid, Nasrid, Aghlabid, Idrisid, Midrarid, Zirid of Qayrawan, Hafsid,
Merinid, Ziyanid, Sa’adian, ‘Alawi, Christian imitations.
Lavoix, Henri. Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes de la Bibliotheque Nationale. III. Egypte et Syrie.
Originally published in Paris, 1896. Reprint by Forni, Bologna, 1978.
Tulunid, Ikhshidid, Fatimid, Ayyubid, Mamluk.
Lebedev, V. P. Serebryanye Monety Azerbaidzhana Vremeni Voin Timura i Tokhtamysha/ Silver Coins of
Azerbaijan from the Time of the War between Timur and Tokhtamish. Epigrafika Vostoka, Vol. XXIII, pp. 63-
78, 1985.
Jalayrid (Ahmad), Golden Horde (Toqtamish) and Timurid coins from the AH 780s and 790s from the Bakuya,
Derbend, Shabiran, Shemakhi, Mahmudibad, and Tabriz mints. These are from a hoard of more than 180
coins. The coins of Toqtamish are the silver 2 Dinar denomination, Album 2049. There are great coin
descriptions, drawings of coins and cartouches, a cross-references to Savel’yev’s seminal work.
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Lebedev, V. P. Mednaya Dzhuchidskaya Krymskaya Moneta Goda Zmei/Copper Jujid Coins from Krim in the
Year of the Dragon. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, vol. XV, pp. 129-131, 1989.
Islamic coins of the Golden Horde (Jujids). A brief article with legends of coins and plate of line drawings and
photos.
Lebedev, V. P. Simvolika i Yazik Monet Kryma Zolotoordynskogo Perioda. Numizmaticheskiye Issledovaniya po
Istorii Yugo-vostochnoi Evropy, pp. 139-156, Akademiya Nauk SSR Moldova, Kishinev, 1990.
A nice article about symbols and legends on copper and silver coins of the Golden Horde. It includes very nice
line drawings of reconstructions of coins. There is a table of legends (Arabic, Persian and Greek) found on the
coins. Most of the coins are from the Krim mint.
Lebedev, V. P. Neizdannye Medniye Moneti Krymskogo Khana Shakhin Gireya/ Unpublished Copper Coins of
the Crimean Khan Shahin Giray. Moskovskoe Numizmaticheskoe Obshchestvo, Numizmaticheskii Sbornik
No. 2, pp. 58-61, 1992.
A brief description new types of copper coins of Shahin Khan Giray. There are decent line drawings of the
coins.
Lebedev, V. P. K Numizmatike Gireev. Moneti Sa’adata I (1523-1532/ On Girei Numismatics. The Coins of
Sa’adat I )1523-1532). Pyataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Moscow, pp. 38-40, 1997.
A description of silver akches of the early Giray Khan Sa’adat I (bin Mengli Giray). Line drawings of the
different types, struck at the Kaffa mint.
Lebedev, V. P. K Numizmatike Gireev: Monety Sa’adat-Gireya I (929-938?/ 1523-1532?). Drevnosti
Nizhegorodskovo Povolzh’ya, Vypusk II. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom I, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii
Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 87-96, 1997.
A description of silver akches and copper puls, with die varieties, of Sa’adat Giray I, the seventh Giray Khan.
There are nice line drawings of the coins and a metrological analysis.
Lebedev, Valentin. Neskol’ko Primerov Neizdannykh Monet Krymskovo Khanstva XV-XVII vv./ Some Examples of
th th
Unknown Coins of Crimean Khans from the 15 - 17 Centuries. Numizmatika i Faleristika 1998(3), p. 18-19.
Six new types of coins of the Giray Khans. A copper, silver and silver-washed copper of Mengli Giray I, a
silver-washed bronze of Ghazi Giray I, and silver akches of Sahib Giray I and Bahadur b. Salamet Giray.
Lebedev, Valentin. K Numizmatike Gireev. Monety Sa’adat-Gireya I (929-938 Khidzhry/ 1523-1532)/ The
Numismatics of the Giray Khans. Coins of Sa’adat Giray I. Numizmatika i Faleristika 1998(4), pp. 16-19.
Silver and copper coins of Sa’adat Giray I, including silver-washed coppers. There is a metrological analysis
of coins of this reign and a suggestion as to how the different types evolved from previous types.
Lebedev, Valentin. Utochneniye Sistemy Nominalov Monet Shakhin Gireya/ A More Precise Definition of the
System of Denominations of the Coins of Shahin Giray. Numizmatika i Faleristika 1999(2), p. 14-17.
A historical account of monetary reforms of the last of the Giray Khans, Shahin Giray, with a discussion of the
many denominations of his coinage.
Lebedev, V. P. Numizmaticheskiye Etudy Saratovskogo Kraeveda i Numizmata Yu. E. Pyrsova (1930-1997)/
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Numismatic Studies by the Saratov Student of Local Lore Y. E. Pyrsov (1930-1997). Drevnosti Povolzh’ya i
Drugikh Regionov, Vypusk III. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom II, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr
‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 9-18, 2000.
A series of short reports on work by Pyrsov on coins of the Golden Horde. Legends of some coins are written
out in the text, and there are line drawings of coins.
Lebedev, Valentin. K Numizmatike Kryma Zolotoordynskogo Perioda/ On the Numismatics of Qrim during the
Period of the Golden Horde. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik Number 7, Moskovskoe Numizmaticheskoe
Obshchestvo, Moscow, pp. 52-64, 2000.
Another of the author’s articles on coins, mostly copper, from the Golden Horde mint of Qrim, with some
Solkhat coins as well. Most of the line drawings appear in previous and later works by the same author. This
one does include the Qrim al-Mahrusa 720 dirham and several of its countermarks.
Lebedev, Valentin. Korpus Monet Kryma v Sostave Zolotoi Ordy (Seredina XIII - Konets XV vv.)/Corpus of Coins
th th
of Qrim of the Golden Horde (Middle 13 - End of 15 Centuries). Numizmatika i Faleristika 2000(1), p. 19-
23.
Nicely done article of coins of Golden Horde coins of the Qrim mint. There are excellent line drawings of 16
types (some with subtypes) of silver coins, from Berke Khan through Toqtu, and 18 types of copper coins,
mostly anonymous, most dated. There is a table of Arabic legends similar to that found in his 1990 work. This
article includes coins of Solkhat, which is another name for the Qrim mint.
Lebedev, Valentin. Korpus Monet Kryma v Sostave Zolotoi Ordy. II. Anonimnyi Chekan Rubezha XIII-XIV vv. I
Monety Uzbek-Khana (1312-1339)/ Corpus of Golden Horde Coins from Qrim. II. Anonymous Issues of the
13th-14th Century and Coins of Uzbek Khan. Numizmatika i Faleristika 2000(2), p. 32-35.
A continuation of the work begun in the previous issue. This one has coppers numbered 19-44 (anonymous
types) and 45-49 (in the name of Uzbek Khan). It also three silver types (numbered 17-19) from Uzbek Khan,
along with three examples of the Qrim al-Mahrusa 720 Dirham with various countermarks.
Lebedev, Valentin. Korpus Monet Kryma v Sostave Zolotoi Ordy. III. Monety Vremeni Toktamysha, evo
Sopernikov I Preemnikov (1375-1430). Corpus of Coins of Qrim from the Golden Horde. III. Coins from the
time of Toqtamish, His Rivals and Successors. Numizmatika i Faleristika 2000(3), p. 10-15.
Copper coins, mostly anonymous and undated, numbered 50-62, and silver coins numbered 23-64. The
dirhams are from the reigns of Muhammad Bulaq Khan, Toqtamish, Beg Pulad Khan, Tash Timur (?), Timur
Qutlugh, Shadi Beg, Pulad Khan, Timur Khan, Dervish Khan, Beg Sufi, Beg Sultan and Daulat Birdi.
Excellent line drawings as in the first two installments.
Lebedev, V. P. Sem’ Neizdannykh Monet Krymskogo Khanstva XV - XVII vv./ Seven Unpublished Coins of the
th th
Crimean Khanate from the 15 - 17 Centuries. Drevnosti Povolzh’ya i Drugikh Regionov, Vypusk III.
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom II, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 162-
168, 2000.
Coins of the Giray Khans, including Nur Dawlat Giray, Mengli Giray (copper), Mengli Giray (silver), Ghazi
Giray I, Sahib Giray I, Bahadur Giray. Line drawings of all coin, with full or partial legends of each.
Lebedev, V. P. K Numizmatike Kryma Zolotoordynskogo Perioda. 5. Da Sokhranitsya Krym ot Bedstvii (Monety
Kontsa XIV - Nachala XV v/ On Numismatics of Qrim during the Period of the Golden Horde. 5. Final issues
th th
before the Fall of Qrim (end of the 14 to the beginning of the 15 Century). Pp.137-149 In:
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Numizmaticheskii Sbornik 9, Moskovskoye Numizmaticheskoye Obshchestvo, Moscow, 2002.
Coins of Qrim from the Golden Horde reigns of Toqtamish, Tash-Timur, Timur Qutlugh. Coins of Shadi Beg
from Kaffa. Qrim issues of Beg Sufi and Dervish Khan. The paper has his usual very good line drawings.
Lebedev, V. P. Yangikent - Monetnyi Dvor Zolotoi Ordy Vremeni Uzbeka/ Yangikent - A Golden Horde Mint
from the time of Uzbek. Odinnadtsataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Sankt Petersburg,
14-18 Aprelya 2003, pp. 89-91, 2003.
A very rare pul in the name of Uzbek dated AH 738 with the mint name Yangikent. Fraehn read the legend as
16 Dang, while Yanina read it as Saray. The author examined five new examples and read the mint as
Yangikend. There is a line drawing of the type.
Leb edev, V. P. Poshtempel’nyi Analiz Novobulgarskogo Chekana Khanov Shadibeka i Pulada (1400-1411 gg.)/ Dielink
Analysis of Coins of Shadibek and Pulad from Bulghar al-Jadid (1400-1411 CE). Numismatika Number
14, pp. 19-21, 2007.
Coins of the Golden Horde rulers Shadi Beg and Pulad struck in Bulghar and Bulghar al-Jadid, AH 802-813.
Lebedev, V. P., A. I. Bugarchev and S. V. Gumayunov. Monetnoye Obrashchenie Dzhuketau po Numizmaticheskim
Dannym/ Monetary Circulation in Juketau from Numismatic Information. Pp. 39-49 In: Trudy
Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii. Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh
Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005, V - MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya
Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
Description of 51 silver and 46 copper coins of the Golden Horde found near Kazan. Includes Lebedev’s usual
great line drawings and Arabic legends written out.
Lebedev, V. P. and V. N. Dunin. Zolotoordynskie Monety iz Nakhodok v Gorodtse na Volge/ Golden Horde
Coins from Finds in Gorodets on the Volga. Drevnosti Nizhegorodskovo Povolzh’ya, Vypusk II.
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom I, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 25-47,
1997.
An analysis of 95 silver and 10 copper coins of the Golden Horde. Most were known types, but a few
previously unknown types appear as line drawings in the report. All the coins are earlier than Toqtamish.
Lebedev, V. P. and A. A. Koifman. Novyi Klad Shaddadidskikh Dirkhemov Nachala XI Veka/ A New Hoard of
th
Shaddadid Dirhams from the Beginning of the 11 Century. Drevnosti Nizhegorodskovo Povolzh’ya, Vypusk
II. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom I, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 97-
107, 1997.
A hoard of 57 dirhams from the reign of the Shaddadid al-Fadl I b. Muhammad. They were all dated AH 401
and 403 and were all from the Janza mint. Includes line drawings, legends in the text, and a metrological
analysis.
Lebedev, V. P. and A. A. Koifman. K Numizmatike Azerbaidzhana. Dirkhemy Shirvanshakha Salara b. Yazida
(441-455/ 1049-1063)/ On the Numismatics of Azerbaijan. Shirvanshah Dirhams of Salar b. Yazid (441-455/
1049-1063). Drevnosti Nizhegorodskovo Povolzh’ya, Vypusk II. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom I, Istoriko-
Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 108-116, 1997.
A description of an important hoard of twelve coins of Salar b. Yazid, the father of the earliest Shirvanshah
heretofore known to have issued coins. There are line drawings of the different types, legends written out, and
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a metrological analysis.
Lebedev, V. P. And A. A. Koifman. Klad Serebryanykh Sel’dzhukskikh Dinarov i ikh Fragmentov Serediny XIIv/ A
th
Hoard of Silver Seljuq Dinars and their Fragments from the Middle of the 12 Century. Maalot - Tarshikha,
Israel, 2008.
A description of 434 coins and fragments of the Great Seljuqs. Identifiable rulers includ Sanjar b. Malik Shah,
Mahmud b. Muhammad, Ahmad b. Togan Tegin, Farukh Shah, and Husain Abu ‘Ali. The coins are from
Balkh, Walwaliz, Wakhsh, Herat, and Termez. Legends are written out in Arabic, and there are excellent line
drawings of the coins showing known obverse and reverse die linkages from the hoard. Nice work.
Lebedev, V. P., D. B. Markov and A. A. Koifman. Monetnoe Delo I Monetnoe Obrashchenie Gandzhiiskogo
Emirata Shaddadidov (ser. X-XI vv)/ Monetary Affairs and Monetary Circulation of the Shaddadid Emirate in
th th
Ganja (10 - 11 Centuries). Izdatel’stvo Numismaticheskaya Literatura, Russia, 2006.
Long-awaited monograph on the coinage of the Shaddadid dynasty. Includes a historical overview, genealogy,
coin typology with full descriptions, line drawings and photographs, diagrams of die matches, and extensive
metrology and numismatic analysis.
Lebedev, V. P. and V. M. Pavlenko. Neizdannye Dshuchidskie Mednnye Monety iz Madzhara/ Unknown Jujid
Copper Coins from Majar. Dvenadtsataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Tezisy
Dokladov i Soobshchenii. Gosydarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Moskva, pp. 82-84, 2004.
Thirteen Golden Horde types with some subtypes. Nice line drawings as in all of Lebedev’s works.
Lebedev, V. P., V. M. Pavlenko and A. I. Bugachev. Kompleks Mednykh Monet c Madzharskogo Gorodishcha/ A
Complex of Copper Coins from Majar. Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii,
Rossiiskaya Akademiy Nauk, Moscow, pp. 131-141, 2005.
A nice group of copper coins of the Golden Horde, many anonymous, several in the name of Toqtamish, many
with countermarks. Twelve mints in all represented. Lebedev’s usual good line drawings.
Lebedev, V. P. and P. N. Petrov. Dva Klada Mednykh Poserebrennykh Dirkhemov Khorezmshakha ‘Ala ad-Dina
Mukhammada b. Tekesha (1200-1220)/ Two Hoards of Silver-Plated Copper Dirhams of the Khwarezmshah
‘Ala al-Din Muhammad b. Tekish (1200-1220). Drevnosti Nizhegorodskovo Povolzh’ya, Vypusk II.
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom I, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp.150-
178, 1997.
A hoard of 171 so-called black dirhams of the Khwarezmshahs from Tirmidh, Chaghanian, Balkh and
Samarqand. There are line drawings of all of the types and dates, legends written out in the text, and there is a
table that includes the epithets (mansuri, khani, etc.) found on the different types. Much of the information
duplicates that found in other articles, but the presentation is simpler and more complete. Very useful.
Lebedev, V. P. and P. N. Petrov. Monety Shirvanshakha Mukhammada b. Akhmada (370-381/981-991).
Numizmatika, pp. 31-33, March, 2004.
Two coins of the rare Mazyadid (first Shirvanshah) dynasty centered at Shirvan in the Caucasus. Both are
issues of Muhammad b. Ahmad, one from the Shirwan mint, date missing, the other from the Shabiran mint,
dated AH 372. This ruler is unlisted in Album.
Lebedev, V. P. and V. V. Smirnov. Inogorodnie Mednye Dzhuchidskiye Monety v Denezhnom Obrashchenii Kryma/
Non-local Jujid Copper Coins in Circulation in Qrim. Pp. 145-152 In: Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh
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Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii. Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-
XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005, V - MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
Line drawings and descriptions with Arabic legends of 106 copper coins of the Golden Horde found in Qrim.
Most are not from the Qrim mint.
Lebedev, V. P. and O. V. Trostyanskii. Nebol’shoi Klad Dzhhuchidskikh Dirkhemov XIV-XV vv. iz-pod
th th
Saratova/ A Small Hoard of Jujid Dirhams of the 14 - 15 Centuries in Saratov. Chetvertaya Vserossiiskaya
Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Moscow, pp. 40-43, 1996.
The description of a group of twelve silver coins of the Golden Horde. There is a table listing the ruler, mint
and date (where readable) and line drawings of all twelve coins.
Lebedev, V. P. and O. V. Trostyanskii. Nebol’shoi Klad Dzhhuchidskikh Dirkhemov XIV-XV vv. iz-pod
th th
Saratova/ A Small Hoard of Jujid Dirhams of the 14 - 15 Centuries in Saratov. Drevnosti Nizhegorodskovo
Povolzh’ya, Vypusk II. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom I, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’,
Nizhny Novgorod, pp.78-86, 1997.
Twelve Golden Horde dirhams from Saray al-Jadida, Kaffa Jadid, Ordy Muazzam, Saray, Hajji Tarkhan. Line
drawings and legends.
Lebedev, V. P. and O. V. Trostyanskii. Klad Dirkhemov Zolotoi Ordy Pervoi Poloviny XIV v. iz Tatarstana/ A
th
Hoard of Dirhams of the Golden Horde from the First Half of the 14 Century from Tatarstan. Drevnosti
Povolzh’ya i Drugikh Regionov, Vypusk III. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom II, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii
Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 46-49, 2000.
A small hoard of 25 coins, Toqtu through Murid, from Gulistan, Saray, Saray al-Jadida and Khwarezm. There
are nice line drawings of seven of them.
Lebedev, V. P., A V Zorin and P. N. Petrov. Novyi Klad Dzhuchidskikh Monet iz Shexhovtsovo pod Kurskom./ A New
Hoard of Jujid Coins from the Village of Shekhovstovo near Kursk. Pp. 167-170 In: Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh
Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii. Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-
XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005, V - MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
55 Golden Horde coins, including seven imitations and one counterfeit. Line drawings of the imitiations and
counterfeit plus four examples of dnags of Abdallah from Ordu Mu’azzam 766.
Leimus, Ivar. Sylloge of Islamic Coins 710/1 - 1013/4 in Estonian Public Collections. Thesaurus Historiae II,
Estonian History Museum, Tallinn, 2007.
3,772 Islamic coins laid out on 158 black and white photographic plates of decent quality with identification
and minimal description on facing pages. For the most part, especially on common types, there are no legends
written out. There is a comprehensive list of hoards and single coin finds. Almost all coins are identified with
a literature citation to another publication. Dynasties are Umayyad, Abbasid, Governors of Tudga, Idrisid,
Aghlabic, Ikhshidid, Amir al-Umara, Hamdanid, ‘Uqaylid, Marwanid, Tahirid, Saffarid, Banijurid, Governors
of Andaraba and Panjhir, Simjurid, Samanid, Governor of Khorasan, Samanid Rebels, Sajid, Khazars, Volga-
Bulgarians, Kurs of Azarbayjan, Sallarid, Qarakhanid, Bawandid, Ziyarid, Buwayhid, Governors of Batiha,
Governors of Barqa’i, ‘Abbasid imitations, Samanid imitations. Well produced catalogue.
Le May, Reginald. The Coinage of Siam. Originally published by The Siam Society, Bangkok, 1932. Reprinted
in Siamese Coins and Tokens, Andrew Publishing Company, London, 1977.
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The first comprehensive study of bullet coinage of Thailand, both Ayuthian and Bangkok. Still the most useful
primary reference on the series. Includes blocks with line drawings of the different marks found on the coins.
There are mediocre photos of many of the bullets and a few other primitive type coins. The greatest drawback
is that there is not a system of assigning catalogue numbers.
Le Strange, Guy. Notes on some inedited coins from a collection made in Persia during the years 1877-1879.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 12, pp. 1542-1547, 1880. Photocopy.
Descriptions of three coppers of Sanabares, a Bactrian king, an Aghlabid denar, 'Alid from Amul, Samanid
from Nishapur, Buwayhid of Muhammediyah.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Di un Dirhem coniato nel 120 A. H. (A.D. 737-738) a Balkh. Italia Numismatica, No. 4, 2 pages,
1967.
Description of a nice Umayyad dirham from Balkh, AH 120, from the reign of Caliph Hisham.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Due rare Testimonianze della Prima Monetazione Musulmana a Cartagine. Rivista Italiana di
Numismatica, Vol. XV, pp. 93-99, 1967
An analysis of Arab-Byzantine coins from Carthage, including two previously unpublished specimens. These
appear to be the first coins struck in Carthage after conquest by the Arabs in 698 CE. Includes deciphering of
the Latin abbreviations on the coins.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Monete Cufiche dell’I. R. Museo di Milano. Notizie dal Chiostro del Monastero Maggiore,
Fasc. I-II, pp. 59-62, 1968.
Several Kufic coins from the Museum of Milan. An Umayyad dirham, AH 77, Umayyad dirham, al-Taymara
92, two Rum Seljuq dirhams of Qilij Arslan IV, Tulunid dinar of Misr, 278, an Ikhshidid dinar of Filastin, 354,
a Fatimid dinar of al-Mansuriya, 349, and an unusual Mamluk dinar of Jaqmaq, probably of al-Qahira type.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Un dinaro coniato nel primo anno del terzo regno di Mohammed ibn Qalaun (AH 709 = A.D.
1310). La Gazette Numismatique Suisse, Vol. 18, ppl 122-123, 1968.
The description of a nice dinar from the first year of the third reign of the Mamluk Muhammad ibn Qalaun.
Struck in al-Qahira, AH 709.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Di un Dinaro coniato alla Mecca da al-‘Aziz ‘Othman. Italia Numismatica No. 3, pp. 3-4, 1969.
The description of a previously-unknown Ayyubid Dinar from the reign of al-‘Aziz ‘Uthman struck in Mecca,
AH 594. A remarkable coin of the Fatimid bull’s eye type.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Di un dinaro coniato ad Alessandria dal Sultano Hajji II nel 783 h. = 1381 d.C. Bolletino
Numismatico, Vol. VII(3), pp. 9-10, 1970.
A rare Dinar from the first reign of the Mamluk sultan Hajji II from Iskandariya, dated AH 783. Includes
historical notes of the struggle between Barquq and Hajji II for the position of Sultan.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Tre Monete dei Fatimidi. Italia Numismatica, No. 3, pp. 3-5, 1971.
Three previously undescribed Fatimid coins: a half dirham from the Barqah (Barce) mint dated AH 348, a
Dinar from Dimashq, AH 383, and a half Dinar struck in Palestine, AH 454. Barqah was not know as an
important Fatimid mint at the time of this publication.
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Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Monete con Leggende in Arabo - Islamiche e Dei Crociati - in un Ripostiglio del XIII Secolo.
Rivista Italiana di Numismatica, Vol. XIX, pp. 175-184, 1971.
th
A 13 Century hoard of 114 Islamic and Crusader coins with Arabic legends. Includes Ayyubid coinage of al-
Zahir Ghazi, al-Nasir Yusuf, Salah al-Din, al-‘Aziz ‘Uthman, al-‘Adil Sayf al-Din, al-Salih Ayyub, and al-
Mu’azzam Turunshah; Rum Seljuq coinage of Qutb al-Din Malikshah II; Artuqid of Mardin coinage of Nasir
al-Din and Nijm al-Din Ghazi I, Crusader imitations of Ayyubid coinage, and an Ilkhan coin from Tabriz. Nice
photographs of several of the coins.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Di alcune Monete Fatimidi inedite. Notizie dal Chiostro del Monnastero Maggiore, Fasc. XI-
XIV, pp. 2-8, 1971-1974.
The description of 35 unpublished Fatimid gold coins from the reigns of al-Mu’izz, al-Hakin, al-Zahir, and al-
Mustansir. Most are Dinars, with a few fractions.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Di un Dirham Coniato all Mecca nel 201 H. (816 d.C.) da Muhammad al-Dibaj Gazette
Numismatique Suisse, Vol. 25, pp. 42-43, 1975.
A very rare Abbasid dirham from the reign of al-Ma’mun struck in Mecca in AH 201, with the name of the
governor Muhammad (al-Dibaj) below the obverse and Dhu’l-Riyasatayn on the reverse.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. La Monetazione Argentea dei Sultani Aynal ed Ahmad. Rivista Italiana di Numismatica,
Vol. LXXXIV, pp. 139-159, 1983.
A nice catalogue of the silver dirhams of the Mamluk sultans Aynal and Ahmad. There are nice line drawings
of most types. The Arabic legends are not written out separately, but they are clear from the drawings. A nice
addition to Balog.
Leuthold, Enrico Jr. 1056 Dirham Umaiyadi ed Abbasidi. 24 Pages + VII Plates. Published by the Author,
Milan, 1988.
The description of a group of 1056 Umayyad and Abbasid dirhams with dates ranging from AH 87 - 212 and
representing 40 mints. The paper consists mostly of a list of mints, dates and weights, with occasional notes
about the coins. No legends are written out. Ninety-two of the coins are photographed on high-quality plates.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. The Silver Coinage of the Mamluk Sultan Khushqadam. Yarmouk Numismatics, Volume
1(1), pp. 7-10, 1989.
A short addition to Balog’s corpus on Mamluk coins. He has reconstructed the complete legends based on
looking at many examples of each type. Each coin is photographed.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. La Riforma Monetaria di al-Salih Ayyub. 8 Pages. Published by the Author, Milan, 1990.
A metrological history of early Ayyubid coinage demonstrating increasing variability of the weight of the gold
dinar up until AH 638, the second year of the reign of al-Salih Ayyub. After AH 638, there appears to be a
much more constant weight of the gold coinage at around 4.25 grams for the dinar.
Leuthold, Enrico Jr. Inizio e Splendore della Dinastia Buwayhide: 50 Anni di Storia del IV. Sec. J./ X. Sec. D.C.
Illustrati da 100 Dirham Inediti o Rari. 26 Pages. Published by the Author, Milan, 1990.
Photos and descriptions of 100 rare and/or unpublished dirhams (mostly) and dinars from the first 50 years of
Buwayhid coinage. The coins are from 29 different mints. The photographs are nicely done. The legends are
139

not written out. Dr. Leuthold has sent me an addendum with a complete description of coin number 74, a
dirham from ‘Uman, plus correcting the mint of coin number 45 (Tustar min al-Ahwaz) and no. 46 (Mah Surrman-ra.
Leuthold, Enrico Jr. 124 Dirham dell’Epoca di Kayqubadh I, Salgiuqide de Anatolia. 11 Pages + IV Plates.
Published by the Author, Milan, 1992.
A nice collection of 124 dirhams from the time of the Rum Seljuq Kayqubad I. The coins are mostly from the
Konya and Sivas mints. The author writes out some of the legends and illustrates variations in ornamentation
and style of legend. Approximately 90 of the coins are photographed.
Leuthold, Enrico Jr. Dirham dei Califfi Abbasidi e dei Dinasti Hamdanidi - Buwayhidi - Samanidi. 21 Pages + XI
Plates. Published by the Author, Milan, 1995.
A description of 706 dirhams from 34 mints. The groupe includes Abbasid, Hamdanid, Buwayhid, Samanid,
Ikhshidid, Saffarid, Wajihid, Saluqid and Ghaznavid coins. Legends are not written out. The descriptions give
the mint, date, weight, and name(s) found on the coins. Almost 250 coins are photographed on good plates.
Leuthold, Enrico Jr. La monetazione argentea del Sultano Aynal. Societa Numismatica Italiana, Comunicazione
N. 35, pp. 28-29, November, 2000.
A short note about one type of silver dirham of the Mamluk sultan Aynal.
Leuthold, Enrico Jr. Un Dinaro Coniato a Tarabulus (Tripoli di Libia) nel 416 H./ 1025 A.D. durante la
“assenza” dell’ Imam al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. Published by the Author, Milan, 2002.
The Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim was deposed in AH 411, after which al-Zahir assumed the title. Al-Hakim
continued a rule in the north, with gold dinars being issued in AH 412-414 in al-Mahdiya and al-Mansuriya,
and in Tarablus in AH 415. The paper provides references for these coins from various catalogues, both
museum and sale. This paper describes a dinar from Tarablus dated AH 416, the latest for which coins of al-
Hakim are now known. Interesting article, nice color photos of the coin.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Un Dinaro del 486 H./ 1093 A.D. di Arslan-Arghu, Re Saljuqide, con il Versetto del Kursi.
Published by the Author, Milan, 2004.
A gold Dinar of the Great Seljup Arslan Arghu, brother of Malik Shah struck in Balkh, AH 486. The reverse
field has Quranic verse II 255. The paper has an excellent summary of the history of Arslan Arghu’s reign.
The coin lacks the name of a sultan, indicating the independence of Arslan Arghu in Balkh.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Miliaresie Bizantine e Dirham Arabi. Published by the Author, Milan, 2005.
Characteristics of the Miliaresion of the Byzantine emperors Leo III with Constantine V and Leo IV with
Constantine VI. A wonderful Miliaresion of Leo III overstruck on an Umayyad dirham, Wasit 93. Metrology
of the miliaresion of Leo III and Leo IV in relation to contemporary dirhams. Historical notes about Leo III.
Metrological characteristics of the miliaresion of Basil I in relation to contemporary dirhams.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Richerchi sui Dirham Umayyadi. Published by the Author, Milan, 2008 (Hardbound)
Several research notes on various aspects of Umayyad coinage. Includes:
Excavations in the mint of Wasit (with Jungfleisch’s original notes of dirhams of Ifriqiya and al-Andalus
minted in Wasit and exported), biographical sketches of Jungfleisch and de Morgan, description of unique
140

dirham of Ifriqiya 105, dirhams of al-Andalus, 106 and 107, with metallurgical analysis of all three.
Succession of al-Andalus governors, and coinage of al-Andalus in Wasit after 107.
Reforms of the Caliph Hisham, with translation of al-Maqrizi, ratio of gold and silver, work of Oresme,
centralization of the mint of Wasit, and “Khalidiya” dirhams.
Twelve Fiscal Districts in Iraq, with mints and years of Umayyad coins from each.
A dirham of al-Qandal 96 attributed to Gandava.
Umayyad Dirhams of Khurasan
Dirhams of al-Jisr.
Leuthold, Enrico, Jr. Mubaraka: Altre ricerche sui Dirham Umayyadi. Published by the Author, Milan, 2010
(Hardbound).
Three Umayyad dirhams with the mint name al-Mubaraka dated AH 109, 117 and 119. The author argues that
al-Mubaraka is one of five different names for Balkh used between AH 105 and 120. He correlates use of the
mint name al-Mubaraka with events involving Khalid al-Qasri al-Mubarak, governor of Iraq and the East.
Levy, Abraham H. The Making of Coin Dies. Studies in Memory of Paul Balog. Israel Numismatic Journal,
Volume 10, pp. 137-141, 1988-1989.
A brief discussion of the manufacture of coin dies for ancient and medieval coins, particularly using the lostwax
casting method.
Lhotka, John F. Medieval Feudal French Coinage. Reprinted from The Numismatist, American Numismatic
Association, Olympic Press, Salina, Kansas, 1966.
A brief guide to the identification of Feudal French coins. It includes an alphabetical listing of legends, as well
as maps, monograms, medieval place names found on coins, and a brief historical introduction.
Lhotka, John F. Introduction to Medieval Bractates. Sanford J. Durst, New York, 1989. Originally printed in
The Numismatist, 1958, with new material in this edition.
Guide to identification of bracteates by subject matter and legends. Germany, Austria, Bohemia and
Switzerland.
Lhotka, John F., and P. K. Anderson. Survey of Medieval Iberian Coinages. Reprinted from the Numismatist,
Olympic Press, Salina Kansas, 1963.
Medieval Portugal and Spain, including Castile and Leon, Aragon, Navarre, and feudal Spain.
Lichnowsky, Robert v. and Eduard Edlen v. Mayer. Des fuerstlichen Hochstiftes Olmuetz Muenzen und Medaillen
nach der zu Kremsier befindlichen Sammlung. Published by the Authors, Vienna, 1873. Facsimile reprint by
Akademischen Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria, 1963.
A catalogue of a collection of coins and medals of the Bishopric of Olmuetz, Moravia, from the reign of
Stanislaus Pawlowsiy (1579-1598) to that of Friedrich Landgraf von Ruerstenberg (1853). There is a historical
section on the granting of minting privileges to Olmuetz and detailed written descriptions of all coins. There
are no plates or illustrations and no index.
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Liddle, Andrew. Conage of Akbar: The Connoisseur’s Choice. Kapoori Devi Charitable Trust, Gurgaon (India),
2005.
(My review of the book for Islamic Coins Group)
This is not a comprehensive catalogue of mint/date combinations, but looks like it will be an invaluable aid in
identifying the myriad types of Akbar in all three metals. The book contains the following:
Military Campaigns and Conquests (1 Page)
Akbar as Administrator (1 Page)
Religious Policy (1 Page)
Akbar as Patron of Art and Architecture (1 Page)
Coins of Akbar - A list of all mints known on gold, silver and copper, respectively, followed by an alphabetical
list of all mints with an approximate location and other pertinent information.
Symbols and Ornaments on Akbar's Coins - Line drawings of 67 symbols found on Akbar's coins along with a
list of mints and metals on which the symbols are found. (A very important contribution!) There are notes
about the origin and meaning of some of the symbols.
The bulk of the work is a description of different types in all three metals. There is a good written description
of each type along with a list of the mints that produced the type and the range of known dates. There are 42
Gold types, 77 Silver types, and 67 Copper types. There are also notations about errors, two pages of
Controversies, and three pages on additional notes on eight new mints.
Then there is a map showing all of Akbar's mint towns, a bibliography and several appendices.
Appendix 1 - Hijri and CE date conversions and Persian word dates
Appendix 2 - Ilahi and Hijri date conversions and Ilahi months written in Persian
Appendix 3 - Mints of Akbar written in Arabic script
Appendix 4 - Mint epithets written in Arabic with a transliteration and translation and mints that used the
epithet.
Appendix 5 - Phrases and pious wishes on Akbar's coins. Written in Arabic, transliterated and translated.
Appendix 6 - Couplets on Akbar's coins. Written in Arabic, transliterated and translated.
Finally, the color plates with color photographs of each type, some types showing multiple mints. The photos
of gold and silver coins are mostly readable, those of copper coins are often too dark to make out everything.
However, the photos are more useful when used in conjunction with the written descriptions of the types and
with available museum catalogues.
Lin Gwo-Ming. Dates and Types of the Sinkiang 5-Mace Silver Coins. Numismatic World Bimonthly No. 33,
Taiwan, 1982. Photocopy in Chinese.
Early work on Sinkiang silver, greatly expanded in his book.
Lin Gwo-Ming, Ma Tak-Wo and Chen Gi-Mao. Illustrated Catalogue of Sinkiang Gold and Silver Coins.
Taiwan, 1990.
Fantastic well-illustrated catalogue of the many subvarieties of silver and gold coins from Sinkiang/Xinjiang at
the end of the Ch’ing dynasty and the very early years of the Republic. It is especially strong in the varieties of
silver ½ miscal coins from the various mints, including the coins of Yakub Beg. There are enough English
142

descriptions to make the book useful, although most of the descriptions of subvarieties are written only in
Chinese. Apparently this is the only serious treatment of the many varieties of these coins.
Lin Gwo-Ming. Illustrated Catalogue of Chinese Gold & Silver Coins. Taisei Stamps & Coins Ltd., Hong Kong,
1992.
High-quality catalogue of milled gold and silver coins from China, including Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang
(Sinkiang). It does not go into the detail as the Xinjiang catalogue does, but has major types from all mints.
The photos are very good.
Linder-Welin, Ulla S. Ein grosser Fund arabischer Muenzen aus Stora Velinge, Gotland. Nordisk Numismatisk
Arsskrift, pp. 74-120, 1941. Photocopy.
Description of a hoard of Islamic coins found in Sweden. Few coin descriptions, mostly list of dates and mints
by dynasty. Ummayid, Abbasid, Idrisid, 'Alid of Tabaristan, Tahirid, Saffarid, Banijurid, Samanid.
Linder-Welin, Ulla S. Sayf ad-Dawlah’s Reign in Syria and Diyarbekr in the Light of the Numismatic Evidence.
In: Commentationes de Nummis Saeculorum IX-XI in Suecia Repertis, Part 1, pp. 21-102, 1962. Photocopy.
A numismatic history of the Hamdanid dynasty through an analyis of Hamdanid, Ikhshidid and Abbasid coins
dated AH 331-358. Coin legends are written out in Arabic and translated. Plates are decent, even in
photocopy.
Linder-Welin, Ulla S. The First Arrival of Oriental Coins in Scandinavia and the Inception of the Viking Age in
Sweden. Fornvaennen Volume 69, pp. 22-29, 1974.
Although the largest hoards of Islamic coins found in Sweden are Abbasid and Samanid coins found in
Gotland, the author points out that Sasanian and Umayyad coins have been found in 30 distinct locales, none in
Gotland. She postulates that the Viking Age in Sweden (and Scandinavia in general) may have begun ca. 700
CE rather than the 800 CE date that is normally cited.
Livshits, V. I. Den’gi Rossii/ Russian Money. Interbuk-biznes, Moscow, 2000.
A wonderful coffee-table-type book on the history of Russian coinage and banknotes. It concentrates mostly
on the last two centuries, with great emphasis on Soviet coinage, but enlarged photos of early coinage are
wonderful. It has Olbian, Roman, Sasanian, early Islamic coinage and then covers Kiev, the different Russian
Principalities and later wire coinage before getting into the milled coinage of the Czars. There are nice
illustrations of old cities, historical personages, etc. The text is straightforward and relatively easy to read.
Livshits, V. A., K. V. Kaufman and I M. Dyakonov. O Drevnei Sogdiiskoi Pis’mennosti Bukhary/ On Ancient
Sogdian Writing in Bukhara. Vestnik Drevnei Istorii 1954(1), pp. 150-163, 1954.
A description of different forms of letters of the Aramaic alphabet found on Sogdian coins and other texts,
including a table of the different letter forms from all sources. Could eventually be useful in reading,
translating and further attributing Sogdian coins.
Ljubic, Sime. Opis Jugoslavenskih Novaca. University of Zagreb, 1875. Photocopy beautifully bound by Marshall
Tito’s bookbinder. In Serbo-Croatian.
The classic reference on medieval coinage of Bulgaria, Serbia and Bosnia. Although replaced by subsequent
works, it still contains valuable descriptions of coins and line drawings that often show more detail than photos
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found in more recent books. Definitely useful.
Lobel, Richard, Mark Davidson, Allan Hailstone, and Eleni Calligas. Coincraft’s 1998 Standard Catalogue of
English and UK Coins, 1066 to Date. Coincraft, London, 1998.
A new (third edition) standard catalogue of British coinage from the conquest onwards. Many find better than
Seaby.
Loehr, August. Oesterreichische Geldgeschichte. Veroeffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Oesterreichische
Geschichtsforschung, Band 4. Universum Verlags Ges.m.b.H. Wien, 1946.
A short history of coinage in Austria from Celtic times until the 20th century. Several plates of photographs
show selected coins through Austrian history. The history explains much about the economic times during
which the coins were struck and the historical importance of the localities that struck coins.
Loginov, S D. and A. B. Nikitin. Monogrammy Monetnogo Dvora Merva/ Monograms of the Marw Mint.
Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XXIV, pp. 37-43, 1988.
Focuses on coins of Varahran V (Sasanian). Nearly half of his coins are from Marw, many of which are
imitated. There was a 70-year interruption of striking coins in Marw because of defeats by the Hephthalites.
Coins of Peroz, Valash and Zamasp attributed to Marw are really MY, misread by Mordtmann.
Loginov, S. D. and A. B. Nikitin. Sasanidskie bronzovie Monety Merva/Sassanian Bronze Coins of Merv.
Vostochnoe Istoricheskoe Istochnikovedenie i Spetsial’nie Istoricheskie Distsipliny Vol. 5, Moscow, pp. 217-
229, 1997.
Copper coins struck in or circulating in Merv (Merw, Marw) during Sasanian times. Some line drawings.
English summary.
th
Lowick, N. M. Some Unpublished Dinars of the Sulayhids and Zuray’ids. Numismatic Chronicle, 7 Series, Vol.
IV, 1964. Reprinted 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. III: 261-270.
Historical overview of the Sulayhid and later dynasties in Yemen and a description of several gold coins found
in Aden. There is a good explanation of the titles used on the coins. The coins are fully described with their
legends written out in Arabic.
Lowick, N. M. Some Countermarked Coins of the Shaybanids and Early Moghuls. Journal of the Numismatic
Society of India, Vol. XXVI, Part II, 1965. Reprint 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic
World, pp. XII: 157-169.
The countermarks are Mughal, with both Mughal and (mostly) Shaybanid hosts. The Mughal countermarks are
in the name of Babur, Kamran, and Akbar, and some have the formula Adl Kabul.
th
Lowick, N. M. Coins of Sulaiman Mirza of Badakhshan. Numismatic Chronicle, 7 Series, Volume V, 1965.
Reprint 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. XIII: 221-229.
Sulayman Mirza was a descendent of Timur and nominal vassal of the Moghuls during the reigns of Humayun
and Akbar. Some of the gold coins had been mistakenly attributed to the Ottoman Sulayman I by Lane-Poole.
Lowick, N. M. Shaybanid Silver Coins. Numismatic Chronicle, Seventh Series, Volume VI, pp. 251-330, 1966.
Reprint 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. XI: 251-330.
A detailed discussion of the history and coinage of the 16th century Shaybanid dynasty of Kazakhstan.
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Includes full legends of all coins and an extensive history. Not as much detail as Davidovich, but much more
useful for those who don't read Russian.
th
Lowick, N. M. A Gold Coin of Rasultegin, Seljuk Ruler in Fars. Numismatic Chronicle, 7 Series, Vol. VIII,
1968. Reprinted 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. V: 225-230.
The desription of a unique dinar struck by Rasultegin, a Seljuq prince in Fars. The dinar was struck in Istakhr
in AH 455.
Lowick, N. M. Seljuq Coins. Numismatic Chronicle, Seventh Series, Vol. X, pp. 241-251, 1970. Reprinted 1990
in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. VI: 241-251.
A description of 21 coins of the Great Seljuqs, Seljuqs of Iraq, and Seljuqs of Kirman. Full Arabic legends are
given, as well as historical notes.
Lowick, N. M. A Hoard of Seljuq Dirhams. Spink’s Numismatic Circular, June 1970. Reprinted 1990 in Lowick,
Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. VII: 1-6.
A description of a hoard of Rum Seljuq dirhams. They span a 26-year period, reigns of Kaykhusraw II through
Qilij Arslan IV, mostly Sivas and Konya mints. There is a very useful table of diwani numerals, the
abbreviated way of writing numbers (in words) found on many Rum Seljuq coins.
Lowick, N. M. Feudalism in Syria: An Ayyubid Silver Hoard. Spink’s Numismatic Circular, October, 1971.
Reprint 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. X: 1-6.
A historical interpretation of the names found together on Ayyubid dirhams. There are no coin descriptions per
se.
th
Lowick, N. M. More on Sulaiman Mirza and his Contemporaries. Numismatic Chronicle, 7 Series, Vol. XII,
1972. Reprint 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. XIV: 283-287.
The description of a series of small gold coins struck in Badakhshan by the Mughal Humayun,Sulayman Mirza,
Muhammad Shah Rukh, and finally the Shaybanid ‘Abdallah II bin Iskandar. The latter 1/4 mithqals, Album
2994. The author uses the series of coins to illustrate the shifting political allegiances of Badakhshan during
the time, culminating in its conquest by Abdallah.
Lowick, N. M. The Horseman Type of Bengal and the Question of Commemorative Issues. J. Numis. Soc. India,
Vol. XXXV, 1973. Reprint 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. XVII: 196-208.
A discussion of early gold and silver coins with a galloping horseman from the Dehli Sultanate. Some of the
coins are dated 19 Ramadan AH 601, and it is concluded by the author that the issue is a commemorative
issued on the anniversary of the conquest of Ghor by Muhammad bin Sam. There is a subsequent discussion of
other possible commemorative issues.
Lowick, N. M. Les premieres monnaies artuqides: Une exhumation tardive. Revue Numismatique, 6e Serie, Vol.
XVI, 1974. Reprinted 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. VIII: 95-99.
A description of a figural bronze type of the Artuqid Husam al-Din Timurtash in Mardin, AH 543. The author
concludes that the portrait is based on a Roman bronze of Julian the Apostate.
Lowick, N. M. Coins of the Najahids of Yemen: A Preliminary Investigation. Actes du 8eme Congres
international de numismatique. Paris, 1976. Reprinted 1990, in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic
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World, pp. II: 543-551.
This is a description of some very rare gold coins from Zabid issued by the short-lived Najahid dynasty. The
dynasty began in 412/1021, when Zabid was taken over by Najah, and ended in 452/1060, when the last
Najahid was murdered by the Sulayhid ‘Ali bin Muhammad.
Lowick, N. M. Une Monnaie ‘Alide d’al-Basrah Datee de 145 H (762-3 apres J.-C.). Revue Numismatique XXI,
pp. 218-224, 1979.
A coin struck by an Abbasid revolutionary in Syria. The coin is described and there is a nice history of the
times explaining how the coin came to be.
Lowick, N. M. Joint Coinage of Humayun and Shah Tahmasp at Qandahar. Numismatic Digest Vol. VI, 1982.
Reprint 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. XV: 74-78.
A description of one gold and one silver coin issued jointly by the Mughal Humayun and the Safavid Tahmasp.
The silver was struck in Qandahar in AH 952. Humayun had sought refuge with Tahmasp, was kept as a
virtual captive, and eventually converted to Twelver Shi’ism. His conversion prompted Tahmasp to arm him
and assist him in the recapture of Qandahar.
Lowick, N. M. Humayun’s Silver Coinage in Bengal and the Introduction of the Rupee. Numismatic Digest Vol.
VI, 1982. Reprint 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. XVI: 79-84.
Mughal coinage of Humayun and a discussion of changing weight standards.
Lowick, N. M. The mint of San’a: A Historical Outline. In: Serjeant, R. B. and Ronald Lewcock, eds., San’a, An
Arabian Islamic City. 1983. Reprinted in 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. I: 1-
22.
A historical overview of coinage in San’a. There are no coin descriptions, but there is a series of photographs
of coins from the San’a mint. I nice summary of Yemeni history bolstered by numismatic evidence.
Lowick, N. M. The Mansuri and Mahdawi Dirham: Two Additions to Sauvaire’s Materiaux. Numismatic
Chronicle Volume 143, 1983. Reprinted 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and History of the Islamic World, pp. IV:
121-138.
Coins of the second Rassid dynasty in the Yemen. The Mansuri dirham is the intricate six-pointed star variety
of al-Mansur ‘Abd Allah (Album 1083) and the Mahdawi dirham is from al-Mahdi Ahmad (Album 1085). It
includes a discussion of immobilized types.
Lowick, N. M. Fatimid Coins of Multan. Numismatic Digest, Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies,
Volume VII, Parts I & II, pp. 62-69, 1983.
A description of 13 Fatimid coins from Multan. They are similar to coins of Sind.
Lowick, N. M. Monnaies des Sulaymanides de Suq Ibrahim et de Tanas (Tenes). Revue Numismatique, Vol.
XXX, pp. 177-187, 1983.
Coins of the Sulaymanid dynasty struck in the mint towns of Suq Ibrahim and Tanas in Morocco. The author
provides historical background and cites early publications of Sulaymanid coins in gold and silver. He then
describes seven previously undescribed coins. Ther is a partial genealogy of the dynasty and enlarged photos
that show up well in my photocopy.
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Lowick, N. M. The Religious, the Royal and the Popular in the Figural Coinage of the Jazira. In Julian Raby,
Ed., The Art of Syria and the Jazira, 1100-1250, Oxford, 1985. Reprinted 1990 in Lowick, Coinage and
History of the Islamic World, pp. IX: 159-174.
An attempt to explain the derivation of figural bronzes of the Artuqids, Ayyubids, Zangids, Ilkhans and
Begteginids. Largely supplanted by Spengler and Sayles.
Lowick, Nicholas M. Coinage and History of the Islamic World. Edited by Joe Cribb. Variorum, Aldershot,
Great Britain, 1990.
A collection of 17 of the author’s papers, primarily on Yemeni and Mughal coinage. Each paper is annotated
separately in this bibliography. The book includes a list of all of Lowick’s publications.
Lowick, Nicholas M. Early ‘Abbasid Coinage: A Type Corpus, 132-218 H/ AD 750-833. Edited by Elizabeth
Savage, British Museum, Stopped in press, 1996. Photocopy.
An attempt at a compendium of gold, silver and copper coins of the first period of the Islamic Abbasid dynasty
through the reign of al-Ma’mun. Legends are written out, and there are photographs of many of the coins.
Apparently withdrawn from publication because of new information and multiple errors, but still useful.
Lowick, N. M., S. Bendall and P. D. Whiting. The Mardin Hoard: Islamic Countermarks on Byzantine Folles.
A. H. Baldwin and Sons, Ltd., London, 1977
A description of 2,200 countermarked Byzantine coins from a hoard of unknown origin (but probably near
Mardin) of 13,500 copper coins. There is a description of previous known hoards, an analysis of probable date
the hoard was concealed, an description of host coins, and a description of countermarks with some
assignments to dynasties. Dynasties include Zangids of Mosul, Inalids of Amid, Begtimurid, Artuqid,
Dubaysid, and Zangid of Sinjar. Line drawings of countermarks and photos of many coins.
Lukonin, V. G. Kushano-Sasanidskie Monety/ Kushano-Sasanian Coin. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XVIII, pp.
16-33, 1967.
Kushan-Sasanian and Sasano-Kushan coins struck in the names of several Sasanian rulers. These are neat
copper coins with Sasanian portraits and legends on the obverse, Kushan-style designs on the reverse. One has
Siva with a bull. The obverse legends have the title King of Kushan. There are some nice photos of two coins
and several artifacts and a Goebl-style table of crowns, altars, reverses, legends, tamgas, etc., found on the
coins.
Lunardi, Giuseppe. Le Monete delle Colonie Genovesi. Atti Della Societa Ligure di Storia Patria, Genova, 1980.
(Bound photocopy).
Important catalogue of colonial coins of Genoa (Italy). Includes colonies in Bonifacia (1187-1768), Pera
(1267-1453), Caffa (ca 1265 - 1475), Focea (1314-1341), Vicina, Moncastro, Rhodes (1278-1307), Chios
(1304-1329, 1347-1566), Metelino and Enos (1355-1462), Famagusta (Cyprus) (1376-1464). Each section has
a historical overview (in Italian), and coins are fully described with nice line drawings. The section on
Genoese Caffa is especially important and is a nice supplement to Retowski.
Luschin v. Ebengreuth, Arnold. Steirische Muenzfunde (Fundtabellen und Ergebnisse). Zentralkommission fuer
Kunst- und historische Denkmale, Vienna, 1909. Facsimile reprint by Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt,
Graz, Austria, 1971. Reprint includes new information by Wilhelm Fritsch.
A richly illustrated description of coin hoards from the Steiermark (Styria) in Austria. Mostly silver pfennigs
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from the 13th and 14th centuries.
Luschin v. Ebengreuth, Arnold. Friesacher Pfennige: Beitraege zu ihrer Muenzgeschichte und zur Kenntnis ihrer
Gepraege. Numismatische Zeitschrift, N.F., vol. 55, pp. 89-118, 1922; vol 56, pp. 33-144, 168-170, 1923.
Bound photocopy.
The standard early reference on the silver coinage of Friesach and neighboring areas. Richly illustrated.
Luschin v. Ebengreuth, Arnold. Die Zeitfolge der stummen Friesacher Pfennige im XII. Jh. Numatische Zeitschrift,
N.F., vol. 57, pp. 97-102, 1924. Bound with Friesacher Pfennige.
Additional notes on Friesacher pfennigs.
Luschin v. Ebengreuth, Arnold. Allgemeine Muenzkunde und Geldgeschichte des Mittelalters und der Neueren
Zeit. Originally published Munich and Berlin, 1926. Facsimile Reprint by Wissenschaftliche
Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 1969.
A general discussion of coins. Includes the external appearance of coins (metal, weight, size, design, legends),
manufacture of coins, the coin as an object to be collected (famous collections, cleaning, describing,
counterfeits, etc.), a history of money (primitive money, monetary systems, politics of coinage), and the
relationship between coins and the law. Difficult to read because of the specialized vocabulary.
Luschin v. Ebengreuth, Arnold. Das Ausklingen der Friesacher Waehrung. Numismatische Zeitschrift, N.F., vol.
60, pp. 1-9, 1927.
Additional notes on Friesacher pfennigs, particularly dealing with the end of the series.
Lutsin, Andrii Georgiiovich. Velika Rus’ - Vil’nii Ukraini. Zbruch, Ternopil’, 1999.
A Ukrainian publication on the earliest coins of Kiev. It covers the same time period as Sotnikova and
Spassky. A nice publication with photos or line drawings of all known examples, typology by reign, and a
good bibliography. Most of the coins are from Volodimir and Svyatopolk.
L’vov, M. A. K Metodike Izycheniya Monet Velikogo Novgorod/ On Methods of Study of Coins of Great
Novgorod. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Part IV, Number I, pp. 28-42,
1971.
An examimation of varieties of Novgorod dengas. It includes the two-figure type and hormseman type of Ivan
IV.
L’vov, M. A. Eshche Raz k Voprosu ob Izobrazhenii na Novgorodskikh Monetakh/ More on the Question of
Representations on Novgorod Coins. Proshloye Nashei Rodini v Pamyatnikakh Numizmatiki,
Gosudarstvennyi Ordena Lenina Ermitazh, Leningrad, pp. 11-36, 1977.
A discussion of the origin of the two-figure coins of Novgorod, robed and crowned figure to left, kneeling
naked figure to right. The author summarizes the opinions of many authors as to what these figures represent
and provides illustrations of other coins that have two figures on them. His conclusion is that the meaning of
the figures will probably never be known.
L’vov, M. A. Opyt Khronologicheskoi Sistematizatsii Vasiliya I/ A Study in the Chronological Systematization of
Coins Minted under Vasily I (1389-1425). Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ordena Lenina Ermitazha XXI,
Leningrad, pp. 99-105, 1981.
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An attempt to establish a chronology of types issued under the reign of the Grand Prince of Moscow Vasily I.
There are nice photos of 16 different types with metrological data. The results are summarized in a figure
showing the presumed chronology of types.
Ma Ch’uan-te and Hus Yuan-pien. Hsien Feng Ch’uan Hu/ Comprehensive Catalogue of the Coins of Hsien
Feng. Shanghai People’s Publishing Company, Shanghai, 1994.
A massive catalogue of Hsien Feng’s coinage, one cash through 1000 cash. Each of the early chapters (1-32)
covers a different mint, with all known die variations of each denomination pictured and a valuation given.
Chapters 33-38 appear to be various types of charms, amulets, etc. from the period. Chap. 39 has cash trees of
Hsien Feng coins. Ch. 40 is known counterfeits. The rest of the book has sycee and banknotes. Very useful
for finding die varieties and counterfeits to help in authenticating coins in your collection.
Ma Tok Wo. Preliminary Research on Sinkiang Copper Coins. Numismatic World Bimonthly No. 34, Taiwan,
1982. Photocopy in Chinese.
Early work on Sinkiang copper 10 cash coins. Much improved on in his book.
Ma Tok Wo. The Struck Copper Coins of Sinkiang. Hong Kong, 1988.
Chinese-language publication describing the varieties of struck copper coinage from Sinkiang, China, from late
Ch’ing and early Republic years. The rubbings of coins are sufficiently clear to determine most varieties, and
dates are given written in western numerals to facilitate use. Arabic and Chinese dates are noted next to the
rubbings. Necessary supplement to Krause, which makes no sense out of the crossed-flags types.
Mack, R. P. The Coinage of Ancient Britain. Third Edition. Spink & Son, Ltd. and B. A. Seaby, Ltd., London,
1975.
Celtic coinage of Britain, with analysis of hoards and 33 plates. Until Van Arsdell, the standard reference.
[Mack, R. P.] The Mack Collection, Part 1. Ancient British, Anglo-Saxon and Norman Coins. Auction
Catalogue, Glendining & Co., London, 18 November, 1975.
Mack's own collection of of early British material.
Mackay, James. A History of Modern English Coinage. Henry VII to Elizabeth II. Longman, London, 1984.
A narrative history of the development of modern English coinage. Many coin types described and illustrated.
Shows interaction of coinage with economics, prevailing social conditions and politics.
MacKenzie, Kenneth M. A Remarkable Altun of Mustafa II. Reprint from Spink's Numismatic Circular, p. 15,
January, 1975.
The description of an Ottoman Altun struck in in Constantinople. It is notable for the arrangement of the
reverse legend.
MacKenzie, Kenneth M. Abd al-Hamid I: The First Silver Coins Struck in Regnal Year One. Reprint from
Spink's Numismatic Circular, pp. 290-291, June, 1979.
Changes in the toughra of the earliest coins of the Ottoman sultan (1774/1187).
MacKenzie, Kenneth M. Coins from the Islambol Mint with Comments on the Caliphate of the Ottoman
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Sultanate. Reprint from Yarmouk Numismatics, Vol. 3(1), pp. 7-10, 1991.
Ottoman coinage of of the Islambol mint, a synonym for Constantinople/Istanbul.
MacKenzie, Kenneth M. Gold Coins of Suleyman the Magnificent from the Mint at Sidre Qapsi. Reprint from
Nomismatika Chronika No. 10, pp. 71-80, 1991.
Ottoman gold coinage of this Greek mint during Suleyman's reign.
MacKenzie, Kenneth M. A Bilingual Souvenir Medal Commemorating the Re-establishment of the Constitution
in Turkey 1908. Reprint from Nomismatika Chronika No. 12, pp. 67-69, 1993.
Description of a medal.
Maheshwari, K. K. And Kenneth W. Wiggins. Maratha Mints and Coinage. Monograph No. 2, Indian Institute of
Research in Numismatic Studies, Bombay, 1989.
An important work on Indian coinage from the period 1650-1818. Includes a nice historical overview of the
period, an introduction to the coinage, and then an extensive catalogue, divided geographically, then by mint.
Legends are written out in full when known, with symbols found on the coins in the margin for easy
identification. There is a great table of marks found on coins with the mints and types within mints that exhibit
the marks. Within the catalogue itself is incredible information about the mint town and the coinage from those
mints. Finally, there is an extensive bibliography, including references to history and lists of gazeteers,
genealogies of the Marathas, Peshwas and Mughals, nomenclature found on the coins, an appendix of legends
on coins, tips on dating coins. Because many of the coins are in the name of Mughal emperors, the sectionon
nomenclature includes couplets and brief biographies of the Mughal emperors.
Mailliet, Prosper. Atlas des Monnaies Obsidionales et de Necessite and Supplement. Fr. Gobbaerts, Brussels,
1868 and 1871. Atlas and Supplements reprinted in one volume by Mercedes-Druck, Berlin.
More than 200 plates of line drawings of siege and necessity coinage of the world. Accompanies a
catalogue/text published separately. A standard reference.
Mailliet, Prosper. Catalogue descriptif des Monnaies Obsidionales et de Necessite and Two Supplements. Fr.
Gobbaerts, Brussels, 1870 and 1873. Catalogue and Supplements reprinted in one volume by Mercedes-
Druck, Berlin.
The text and catalogue of siege and necessity coinage of the world. Describes the pieces illustrated in the Atlas
published two years earlier. A standard reference.
Malek, Hodge Mehdi. The Dabuyid Ispahbads of Tabaristan. American Journal of Numismatics, vol. 5-6, pp.
105-160, 1993-1994.
History and early Islamic Arab-Sasanians in Tabaristan. Includes a nice history, a catalogue and a chronology
through the coinage of Khalid.
Malloy, Alex G., Irene Fraley Preston and Arthur J. Seltman. Coins of the Crusader States. Attic Books Ltd.,
South Salem, New York, 1994. With separate 1994 price guide and rarity indices prepared by Alex G. Malloy.
A historical overview and most complete catalogue of coins of the medieval Crusader States (1098-1291),
Kingdom of Jerusalem and its vassal states of Syria and Palestine, the Lusignan Kingdom of Cyprus (1192-
1489), the Latin Empire of Constantinople and its vassal states of Greece and the Archipelago. In addition to
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extensive historical texts and maps, includes full descriptions of coins (with all legends), line drawings and
photographic plates of most major types. Islamic coins and derivatives have full legends with transliterations
and often translations. Will replace Metcalf and Schlumberger as most current reference.
Malmer, Brita. Corpus Nummorum Saeculorum IX - XI Qui in Suecia Reperti Sunt. 1. Gotland. 2. Bäl-Buttle.
Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Lund, 1977.
Viking age coin hoards found in Sweden. Includes Islamic coins of the Umayyad, Abbasid, Saffarid,
Banijurid, Samanid, Samanid rebel, Buwayhid, Wajihid, ‘Uqaylid, Hamdanid, Pseudo-Hamdanid, Volga-
Bulghar, and Khazar dynasties (the latter listed as imitation Samanid). There are photographs of hundreds of
coins. There are also German, Byzantine, Danish, and other European coins.
Malmer, Brita. Corpus Nummorum Saeculorum IX - XI Qui in Suecia Reperti Sunt. 16. Dalarna. 1. Falun -
Rättvik. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Lund, 1979.
Umayyad, Abbasid, Samanid, imitation Samanid (Khazar, Volga-Bulghar).
Malmer, Brita. Corpus Nummorum Saeculorum IX - XI Qui in Suecia Reperti Sunt. 1. Gotland. 3. Dalhem -
Etelhem Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Lund, 1982.
Georgia, Umayyad, Abbasid, Saffarid, Samanid, Volga Bulghar, imitations of Abbasid and Samanid dirhams.
Malmer, Brita. Corpus Nummorum Saeculorum IX - XI Qui in Suecia Reperti Sunt. 1. Gotland. 4. Fardhem -
F röjel. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Lund, 1982.
Sasanian, Abbasid, Governor in Azerbaijan, Amir al-Umara’, Arab Sasanian, Buwayhid, Ghaznavid,
Hamdanid, Ikhshidid, Qarakhanid, Kharijite, Marwanid, Saffarid, Samanid, Samanid Rebel, Tahirid, Umayyad,
Umayyad Rebel, ‘Uqaylid, Volga-Bulghar, Wajihid, Ziyarid, Imitation Abbasid and Samanid.
Malmer, Brita. Corpus Nummorum Saeculorum IX - XI Qui in Suecia Reperti Sunt. 8. Ostergotland. 1. Alvestad -
Viby. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Stockholm, 1983.
Abbasid, Banijurid/Andarabah, Banijurid, Hamdanid, Buwayhid, Kharijite, Saffarid, Samanid, Umayyad,
Volga-Bulghar. The area also had a lot of German coins.
Malmer, Brita. Corpus Nummorum Saeculorum IX - XI Qui in Suecia Reperti Sunt. 3. Skane. 1.Ahus - Gronby.
Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Stockholm, 1985.
Abbasid, Buwayhid, Hamdanid, Samanid, Umayyad, Volga Bolghar. Also Merovingian, Carolingian and lots
of German types.
Malmer, Brita, and Lars O. Lagerqvist. Corpus Nummorum Saeculorum IX - XI Qui in Suecia Reperti Sunt. 3.
Skåne. 4. Maglarp - Ystad. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Lund, 1987.
Abbasid, Amir al-umara, Amir of Andarabah, Buwayhid, Hamdanid, Samanid, Umayyad, Volga-Bulghar,
Wajihid, Imitation Abbasid, Imitation Samanid (Khazar), Imitation Spanish-Umayyad.
Malmer, Brita, and Nils Ludvig Rasmusson. Corpus Nummorum Saeculorum IX - XI Qui in Suecia Reperti Sunt.
1. Gotland. Akebäck-Atlingbo. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Lund, 1975.
Abbasid, Samanid, Umayyad, Hamdanid, Buwayhid, Saffarid, Volga-Bulghar, Spanish Umayyad, Imitation
Samanid (Khazar), ‘Uqaylid, imitation Abbasid, Kharijite in Tudgha (Idrisid contemporary), Tahirid.
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Malyshev, A. A. Monety ‘Neizvestnovo Naroda’/ Coins of an ‘Unknown Country’. Numizmaticheskii Al’manakh,
Vol. 2(17), pp. 24-27, 2001.
A brief article with decent photos on barbarous imitations of Roman coins, mostly of Marcus Aurelius with the
walking Mars reverse. The author shows a map of where these coins have been found. They are from the
northeast coast of the Black Sea and the Taman Peninsula.
Mandel, Edgar J. Cast Coinage of Korea. Whitman Publishing Company, Racine, Wisconsin, 1972.
The catalogue on cast cash coinage of Korea. Has multiple indices and guides for identification, explanation of
the many characters, and line drawings of each coin. Essential for Korean coins.
Mandic, Ranko. Catalog of Tokens of the Yugoslav (South Slavic) Lands. Serbian Numismatic Society, Belgrade,
2001.
Tokens of Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Croatia and Slovenia, and miscellaneous
and foreign tokens that circulated in these lands. The catalog follows the standard practice of listing towns of
origin alphabetically within the major geographic divisions. Each token is photographed, described with
diameter, weight and writing out of the legends, and priced in Euros in two grades. There is a bibliography and
a good index. It is the only catalog I know on Jugoslav tokens, so I cannot say anything about its completeness.
Mandic, Ranko. Kovali su Novac I Gradili Manastire (3) Kralj Milutin/ Coinage and Pious Endowments of King
Milutin. Dinar Number 22, pp. 31-33, 2004.
Coins of Stefan Uros II Milutin, who ruled Serbia from 1282-1321. An article showing four of his coins and
three monasteries and churches built by the king.
Mandic, Ranko. Kovali su Novac I Gradili Manastire (4) Knez Lazar/ Coinage and Pious Endowments of Prince
Lazar. Dinar Number 23, pp. 26-27, 2004.
Photos of five of Prince Lazar’s (1371-1389) coins and two of the churches and monasteries he built.
Mandic, Ranko. Koval su Novac I Gradili Manastire (5) Brankovici/ Coinage and Pious Endowments of the
Brankovic Family. Dinar Number 24, pp. 31-32, 2005.
Photos of five different coins of the Brankovic family of Serbia plus one Monastery and a copy of a gospel
commissioned by Dorde Brankovic.
Mandic, Ranko. Koval su Novac I Gradili Manastire (6) Kralj Uros I/ Coinage and Pious Endowments of King Uros
I. Dinar Number 25, pp. 28-30, 2005.
Two coins, two churches and three portraits of the Serbian King Uros I (1243-1276).
Mansfield-Bullner, H. V. Afbildninger af samtlige hidtil kjendte Danske Monter fra Tidsrummet 1241 - 1377.
Johan Chr. Holm, Copenhagen, 1974.
Line drawings of known coin types from Denmark, from the reign of Erik Plougpenning (1241) through
Valdemar Atterdag (died 1375).
Maric, Ratislav. Studiye iz Srpske Numizmatike. Srpska Akademiya Nauka, Beograd, 1956.
An older reference on numismatics of Medieval Serbia. Although written in Serbian, there are extensive tables
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with legends written out, many plates (of mediocre quality), and illustrations in the text to aid in identifying
coins. When used with Jovanovic, a useful book.
Maric, Ratislav. Serbian Coinage of the Middle Ages. The Numismatist, pp. 649-661, June, 1959. Photocopy.
A brief overview of the history and coinage of medieval Serbia from the reign of Radoslav (1227-1233)
through that of Despot Lazar Djurdjevich (1456-1458). Not helpful for identification.
Markov, A. K. Inventarnyi Katalog Musulmanskih monet... Imperatorskago Ermitazha. St. Petersburg, 1896.
Reprint London, circa 1986. In pre-reform Russian. Photocopy of selected dynasties.
Handwritten inventory of coins in the Hermitage collection of Islamic coins in St. Petersburg. There are no
illustrations, and very few descriptions with complete Arabic inscriptions. Dynasties included in this excerpt
are Samanid, Banijurid, Sa'lukid, Muhammed bin Abu al-Rezzak (in service of Buwayhids), Ferigunid
(Samanid vassals in Balkh), Simjurid, Emir Barman (Volga Bulgar), Ghaznavid, Qarakhanid, Khaqanid,
Shirvanshahs, Atabegs of Kirman (Qutlughkhanid), Sarbadar, Timurid, Qara Qoyunlu, Aq Qoyunlu,
Shaybanid, Great Khans (Chingizids), Golden Horde (Jujids).
Markov, A. K. Katalog Dzhelairidskikh Monet/ Catalogue of Jalayrid Coins. Sobranie Bostochnykh Monet
Imperatorskago Ermitazha, St. Petersburg, 1897. In pre-reform Russian. Facsimile reprint by Spink, London,
1988.
The only reference available with a decent treatment of Islamic Jalayrid coinage. Legends are written out
linearly in the text, with many legends being incomplete because of the poor strike of the coins. Most coins are
photographed. The book is organized as a history, followed by a numismatic history, followed by the
catalogue.
Martinez Caleron, Andres. Quirates Almoravides Ineditos. In: A. Canto and V. Salvatierra (Eds.), IV. Jarique de
Numismatica Andalusi, Universidad de Jaen, Museo Casa de la Moneda,pp. 193-211, 2000.
A beautiful account of 51 unpublished Murabitid qirats and their fractions (down to 1/8 qirat). Each coin is
presented with a high-quality enlarged photograph and the legends written out in full in Arabic. A few of the
examples have mints and dates, with Cordoba, Ceuta and Algeciras being represented. A very nice and useful
paper.
Martyanov, V. N. and G. A. Fedorov-Davydov. Arzamasskii Klad Russkikh Monet Kontsa XIV-Nachala XV B./A
Hoard of Russian Coins from the End of the 14th to the Beginning of the 15th Century found in Arzamas.
Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. XV, pp. 132-143, 1989.
A hoard of medieval Russian coins, including many with Arabic legends. Many line drawings and photos.
Masson, M. E. Monetnie Nakhodki, Zaregistrirovanye v Srednei Azii v 1930 i 1931 godakh/ Coin Finds
Registered in Central Asia in 1930 and 1931. Uzbekistanskii Komitet po Okhrane Pamyatnikov Material’noi
Kul’tury, Number 5, pp. 5-18, 1933.
A list of some hoards found in Central Asia. Only a few have parts of coin descriptions, and there are no
illustrations. The most useful is probably a group of Chaghatayid coins.
Masson, M. E. Istoricheskii Etyud po Numizmatike Dzhagataidov (Po Povodu Talasskovo Klada Monet XIV v))/
Historical Studies on the Numismatics of the Chaghatayids. Pp. 41-108 In: Trudy Sredneaziatskogo
Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta im. V. I. Lenina, Arkheologiya Srednei Azii IV, Tashkent, 1957.
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The description and analysis of almost 100 Chaghatayid coins with an in-depth history of the dynasty. There
are no coin illustrations. The coins are from the reigns of Kepek through Shah Timur (AH 718-760), plus a
few early Golden Horde and two of the Shahs of Badakhshan.
Masson, M. E. Kladik Samanidskikh Dirkhemov Kontsa X v. iz Progoroda Starogo Merva/ Hoards of Samanid
th
Dirhams from the end of the 10 Century from Old Marw. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XVII, pp. 101-110.
An analysis of several hoards (sans descriptions of coins) with photos of contemporary imitations from Marw
from different rulers.
Masson, V. M. Vostochno-Parfyanskii Pravitel’ Sanabar/ Eastern Parthian Issues of Sanabar. Numizmaticheskii
Sbornik, Chast’ Vtoraya, Vipusk XXVI, Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya, Moscow, pp. 34-
42, 1957.
One of the classic early references on the eastern Parthian coinage of Sanabar. It includes photos and line
drawings of a few types and some decent historical background.
Masson, V. M. Khorezm i Kushany/ Khwarizm and the Kushans. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XVII, pp. 79-84,
1966.
Six very interesting silver coins from Khwarizm with tamgas similar to those of Sogdian Bukhara and Tashkent
(al-Shash). The coins are in the name of Arsamukh, Afrig and Vazamar.
Matsson, G. O. A group of ‘bar coins’ from Tashkend in Turkestan. Numismatic Chronicle, Seventh Series,
Volume III, pp. 201- 211, 1963.
An important group of bar-shaped coins and rod-like coins with flattened areas with designs from Central Asia
during the Timurid and Shaybanid dynasties. There are types with geometric and/or animal designs, some with
legends, some with mint names Tashkend or Bukhara.
Mattingly, Harold, and W. P. D. Stebbing. The Richborough Hoard of 'Radiates,' 1931. Numismatic Notes and
Monographs, The American Numismatic Society, New York, 1938. With an appendix by Derek Allen entitled
On the Relation of Sceattas to the Richborough Coins.
An analysis of a hoard of barbarous radiates found in England, with the conclusion that these imitations of
Roman coins might stem from the native Celts after the retreat of the Romans. Contemporary with King
Arthur, Hengist and Horsa?
Maxim, Mihai. Considerations sur la Circulations Monetaire dans les Pays Roumains et l’Empire Ottoman dans
la Seconde Moitie du XVI Siecle. Revue des Etudes Sud-Est Europeennes, Volume XIII(3), pp. 407-415,
1975.
th
The author examined 25 Ottoman documents from the second half of the 16 Century and studies both taxation
and the fluctuations in value of akches in Wallachia and Moldavia. There are no coin descriptions. It is an
article about the economic relationships between the Ottoman Empire and Wallachia and Moldavia
(Romania)..
Maxim, Mihai. Un Tresor d’ Aspres Turcs des XV - XVI Siecles decouvert a Bertesti, Departement de Braila.
Studia et Acta Orientalia, Vol. X, pp. 89-100, 1980.
The description of a hoard of 290 Ottoman akches. The earliest was a coin of Mehmet II struck in AH 855 at
Novar and the most recent was an akche of Sulayman I from Novar. The majority of the coins (269 pieces)
154

were from the reign of Bayezid II dated AH 886 from several mints. There are no Arabic legends in the text,
but several of the coins are photographed. Most of the article is a neat economic history of Romania at the time
these coins were struck in an attempt to explain why so many were found in Braila from that time.
Maximov, Wladimir. Ostpreussische Notmuenzen Katalog. Privatdruck Baltika, Kalingrad, USSR.
A small booklet on tokens and Notgeld of East Prussia (Kaliningrad) from 1900-1945. It includes a lot of beer
tokens, electricity and gas tokens, etc. Each piece is photographed.
Mayer, L. A. Bibliography of Moslem Numismatics, India Excepted. Second, considerable enlarged edition.
Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1954. Photocopy, green Egyptian hardbound, half leather.
The most important bibliography of pre-1954 literature on Islamic dynasties. Indexed by dynasty but not by
personage.
Mayer, Tobias. Sylloge Numorum Arabicorum. Nord- und Ostzentralasien. XVb Mittelasien II. Ernst Wasmuth
Verlag, Tuebingen, 1998.
More than thirty north and east central Asian mints. 616 coins. Dynasties include Ch’ing dynasty in Sinkiang,
Samanid, Khwarizmshah, Chingizid, Chaghatayid, Danishmanid, Qarakhanid, Shaybanid, Abbasid, Khans of
Khoqand, Kuba, Ottoman (Yaqub Beg in Kashgar), and many anonymous Mongol coins. Fantastic quality as
in all of these.
Mayer, Tobias. Sylloge der Muenzen des Kaukasus und Osteuropas. Orientalishen Muenzkabinett Jena 1.
Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2005.
There are more than 900 coins of the Golden Horde and Giray Khans covering the mints Ordu, Aq Saray,
Ukek, Barjin, Bulghar, Bik Bazar, Hajji Tarkhan, Rajan, Saray, Saray al-Jadida, Gulistan, Mohshi, Azaq,
Baghcha Saray, Qiriq Yer, Qrim, Kaffa and Yangi Shahr. There is a nice group of coins from Armenia and
Georgia, including Erevan, Tiflis, Dabil (beginning with Umayyads) and others, and another group from
northern Azerbaidjan and Darband (Arran, al-Bab, Baku, Barda’a, Panahabad, Darband, Sabiran, Shemakhi,
Ganja, and Nukhwi). Finally there is a section written by Gert Rispling on eastern European imitations of
Islamic coins, especially the coins of the Volga Bulghars and Kazars, and other imitations of Samanid coins.
The most important part of this catalogue is the collection of Golden Horde coins, and there is a brief history of
the dynasty and description of the different mints at the beginning. Other dynasties covered are: Ottoman,
Civic Coppers, Safavid, Bagratid, Abbasid, Ja’farid, Chingizid, Ilkhan, Afsharid, Georgia under Russia,
Umayyad, Jalayrid, Shirvanshah, Panahabad, Malik of Darband, Shaddadid (in Ganja), Ganja, Sheki,
All coins are photographed and legends written out in Arabic throughout the catalogue. My only complaint,
and probably not valid, is that all coins are photographed at actual size. Most Golden Horde coins (my main
interest) are quite small, and enlarged coins would be a great help.
Mayhew, Nicholas J. (Ed.) Coinage in the Low Countries (880-1500). The Third Oxford Symposium on Coinage
and Monetary History, British Archaeological Reports International Series 54, Oxford, 1979.
An edited volume with the following articles:
D. M. Metcalf, Coinage and the rise of Flemish towns. (History and development of coinage, line
drawings of coins).
Francoinse Dumas, Comparisons between the political, the economic and the monetary evolution of the north
155

th
of France in the 12 century. Appears twice, French and English.
P. J. Seaby, Some coins of Stephen and Eustace and related issues of western Flanders. Coins of the English
king during the post-Norman anarchy.
N. J. Mayhew, The circulation and imitation of sterlings in the Low Countries.
John H. Munro, Monetary contraction and industrial change in the late-medieval Low Countries, 1335-1500.
Detailed economic analysis of the period, with breakdown of changes in cloth prices and lots of statistical
analyses.
Peter Spufford, Calais and its mint: Part One
P. Woodhead, Calais and its mint: Part Two.
Mayhew, Nicholas J. Sterling Imitations of Edwardian Type. Royal Numismatic Society Special Publication No. 14,
London, 1983.
th th
The most extensive and complete catalogue of 13 and 14 century European imitations of the English Edward
coinage. Most of the types are from the Low Countries, although there are Norwegian, German and others as
well. Includes Flanders, Namur, Hainaut, Brabant, Looz, Chiny, Herstal, Cambrai, Liege, Luxemburg, Berg,
Holland, Agimont, Florennes, Horn, Kuinre, Gelderland, Norway, Siegen, Bonn, Serain, Arleux, Sancerre,
Rethel, Rummen, Lorraine, Toul, Verdun, Bar, Buren, Helmershausen, Aachen, Schoenecken and Liessem,
Meraude, Namur and Meraude, Coblenz, and Durbuy and La Roche. Describes variations in legends, has an
extensive list of hoards and single finds, maps, and high-quality photographic plates.
Mayhew, Nicholas. Coinage in France from the Dark Ages to Napoleon. Seaby, London, 1988.
An overview of the coinage of royal and feudal France from the fall of the Romans through Napoleon. A richly
illustrated narrative history of coinage in the manner of Grasser or Grierson.
McCammon, A. L. T. Currencies of the Anglo-Norman Isles. Spink & Son Ltd., London, 1984.
A history of the coinage of the Channel Islands, Great Britain. Includes Gallic/Celtic, Roman, Carolingian,
Normandy, French and English issues. The modern period includes tokens, coins, German occupation and
currency. Well illustrated, good historical overviews. No valuations. A standard reference.
McDonald, Greg. The Pocketbook Guide to Australian Coins and Banknotes, Fifth Edition. Greg McDonald
Publishing and Numismatics Pty Ltd., Terrigal, NSW, 1997.
Coins and banknotes of Australia with mintage figures, prices, and more explanatory material and detail than
found in Krause.
McFadden, Roger R., John Grost and Dennis F. Marr. The Numismatic Aspects of Leprosy: Money, Medals and
Miscellanea. D. C. McDonald Associates, 1993. No place of publication.
A treatment of all known numismatic references to leprosy. Includes Leper Colony money from 14 countries,
award medals, benefactor's medals, anniversary medals, father Damien medals, souvenir medals, historical
medals, religious medals, leprosy-related personages and miscellanea. Much explanatory and historical text,
full descriptions of coins and medals. No valuations.
Medina, Antonio. Wadi Lau, Ceca Africana de los Hammudies de Malaga Muhammad al-Mahdi (438-444 H.). I.
156

Jarique de Estudios numismaticos Hispano-arabes, Zaragoza, 1988, pp. 173-174.
A description of a dirham of Hasan of the Islamic Hammudid of Wadi Lau dynasty. Wadi Lau is in Morocco.
The dynasty is likely related to the Spanish Hammudids of Malaga.
Medina Gomez, Antonio. Monedas Hispano-Musulmanas. Institut Provincial de Investigaciones y Estudios
Toledanos, Diputacion Provincial de Toledo, Toledo, 1992.
A fantastic textbook introducing the history and identification of coins of Islamic Spain, including dynasties
that also occupied north Africa. It has the best guides to reading the different calligraphy styles I have seen, and
has lists of coin-issuing people in each dynasty. The photos of coin types are exceptional.
Mehl, Manfred. Das Papiernotgeld von Ostpreussen, Westpreussen und Posen, 1914-1923. Schriftenreihe die
Münze 30, Verlag Pröh Berlin, 1975. (Reduced photocopy)
Important Notgeld catalogue for towns in eastern Germany and Poland. Illustrated and with valuations.
Mel’nikova, A. S. Pskovskie Monety XV v. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Volume IV, pp. 222-244, 1963.
The early coinage of Pskov in medieval Russia. The text itself is a historical overview and some metrological
data. The main part of the paper is a series of fold-out tables showing die linkages of obverse and reverse
varieties. The foldouts are the same style as her later book on wire money of the czars.
Mel’nikova, A. S. Monety Lzhedmitriya I, 1605-1606 gg/ Coins of Lzhedimitri I, 1605-1606. Noviye
Numizmaticheskiye Issledovaniya, Trudi Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya, Part 10, Moscow, pp. 6-
17, 1986.
A description of the Russian wire kopeks of Lzhedimitri I (The False Dimitri). It includes line drawings of die
variations showing all known die combinations. There are also photos of the coins and a few medals. This
appears to be part of the work done for the author’s later book on Russian wire money.
Me’lnikova, A. S. Russian Coinage from Ivan the Terrible to Peter the Great, 1533-1682: History of the Russian
Monetary System. Published by Finance and Statistics, Moscow, 1989. In Russian.
An extensive catalogue and history of wire kopeks from medieval Russia. The historical information is in
Russian, but there are 43 plates of coins and a foldout table that is a key to identification of types by Tsar. The
best so far at identifying types. Includes all varieties of reverse legends and obverse designs. The table also
gives approximate dates for each combination of obverse and reverse.
Mel’nikova, A. S. Bulat i Zlato/Sword and Gold. Molodaya Gvardiya, Moscow, 1990.
A popular paperback for lay people basically explaining the history of Russia as told by its coins. It has really
nice drawings throughout of coins, weapons, artifacts, and people. The Russian looks especially easy to read.
Mel’nikova, A. S., and O. S. Dyadchenko. Monetnye Klady: Svodka Kladov i Svedenii o Naxodkakh.
Gosudarstvennii Istoricheskii Muzei, Moscow, 1994.
A list of hoards of Russian coins. There are lists of hoards dated to particular rulers and lists by region where
the coins were found. There are no illustrations and no description of coins, but there are bibliographic
references to where some of the hoards are published and analyzed.
Mel’nikova, A. S., V. V. Uzdenikov and I S. Shikanova. Denn’gi v Rossii: Istoriya Russkogo Denezhnogo
157

Khozyaistva s Drevneishikh vremen do 1917 g./ Coins in Russia: History of Russian Monetary Economy from
Ancient Times until 1917. Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Izdatel’stvo Strelits, Moscow, 2000.
A nice museum publication of the history of Russian coinage. It is a beautifully illustrated narrative of the
development of coinage in Russia, beginning with early coins of Kiev and the Taman peninsula, Umayyad,
Abbasid dynasties, Grivnas, the Golden Horde, Russian principalities, and coins of the Czars through 1917.
Excellent and informative.
Mel’nikova, A. V. Zaitsev, and V. Uzdenikov. Denezhnye i Monetnye Dvory Moskvy/ Coinage and Mints of Moscow.
Numizmatika 18, pp. 19-24, August, 2008.
A brief historical overview of different mints in Moscow, with old maps showing their locations, and a
selection of coins struck from them.
Menadier, Julius. Die Aachener Muenzen. W. Pormetter, Berlin, 1913.
The coinage of Aachen, Germany, from Charlemagne through the 19th century. Important seat of the Holy
Roman Empire.
Menzel, Peter. Deutsche Notmuenzen und sonstige Geldersatzmarken, 1873-1932. Transpress VEB Verlag fuer
Verkehrswesen, Berlin, 1982.
This looks like one of the most important books to have for German Notgeld. It seems to have the most
complete listing of types with the best overall descriptions and is the only catalogue in my library that actually
includes photos of hundreds of different coins.
Merseburger, Otto. Sammlung Otto Merseburger umfassend Muenzen und Medaillen von Sachsen. Albertinische
und Ernestinische Linie. Verlag Zschiesche & Koeder, Leipzig, 1894.
The standard source of catalogue numbers for coins of Saxony. The book is an auction catalogue of 4689 lots,
with only two plates.
Meshorer, Ya’akov. A Treasury of Jewish Coins from the Persian Period to Bar Kokhba. Yad Ben-Zvi Press,
Jerusalem, 2001.
An update of the author’s earlier works on Jewish coinage. The text provides very detailed histories of both the
times and the coinage, and there are high-quality photos of coins throughout. There is also a good catalogue
with plates at the end. The most recent coins are the Judea Capta issues under Domitian. Very high-quality
production, with heavy glossy stock. Perfect for the novice, but with much good information for the specialist
as well.
Metcalf, D. M. The Coinage of South Germany in the Thirteenth Century. Spink & Son, Ltd., London, 1961.
An essay on coins of southern Germany, Switzerland and Austria, including Regensburg, Niederbayern,
Swabia, Munich, Augsburg, Freising, Konstanz, Basel, Zuerich, Friesach, St. Veit, Vienna, and the Danube.
Metcalf, D. M. Coinage in the Balkans, 820-1355. Argonaut Publishers, Chicago, 1966.
An earlier work on the coinage of Byzantium, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria, Bosnia, and feudal Greece.
More of a history than a means of identification. Some plates.
Metcalf, D. M. A Stylistic Analysis of the 'Porcupine' Sceattas. Numismatic Chronicle, Seventh Series, Volume
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VI, pp. 179-205, 1966. Photocopy.
An extensive scholarly discussion of the eigth century sceats of Anglo-Saxon England and Frisia. He
concludes that varieties represent geographic rather than temporal variants. His classification scheme is
reflected in Seaby and Grierson.
Metcalf, D. M. A Hoard of “Porcupine” Sceattas. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 15, pp. 101-118, 1969.
A detailed analysis of variation in Frisian porcupine sceats of unknown provenance. These sceats circulated in
Anglo-Saxon England. 35 different coins were described.
Metcalf, D. M. Coinage in South-Eastern Europe, 820-1396. Special Publication No. 11 of the Royal Numismatic
Society, London, 1979.
An updated, expanded and revised version of his earlier book on Balkan coinage. Includes Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Wallachia, Dalmatia, Byzantium, Arab Crete, and feudal Greece. Many more coins
plated than in earlier book, but still more a history than a key to identification.
Metcalf, D. M. Coinage of the Crusades and the Latin East in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Royal
Numismatic Society Special Publication No. 15, London, 1983.
The only comprehensive monograph of the Crusades and the Latin East since Schlumberger. It includes
descriptions of the coins of Lucca, Valence, and elsewhere that circulated in the Latin East. There is a good
historical overview with maps, a checklist of hoards, and 36 plates of photographs.
Meyer, Hans. Das Deutsche Notgeld. Private Notmuenzen, 1915-1923. Heft 8, West- und Sueddeutschland
(Nordrhein-Westfalen, Hessen, Pfalz, Saarland, Baden, Wuerttemberg, Elsass, Lothringen und Bayern.
Buchdruckerei Erich Proeh, Berlin, 1971.
Part of the same series as Jensen. Private issues of cities in Germany. No illustrations.
Meyer, Hans. Katalog der Franzoesischen Notmuenzen aus der Zeit des ersten Weltdrieges bis etwa 1931. Verlag
Proeh, Berlin, 1977.
A nice catalogue of Notgeld from France, arranged alphabetically by city. At least one photo for each city.
With valuations.
Mignolet, Andre. Les Monnaies des Princes-Eveques de Liege, 1482-1792. Numismatic Pocket No. 15, De Mey,
Brussels, 1973.
The coinage of the bishopric of Liege, Belgium.
Mihailovic, Vojislav. Novac Srpskih Velikasa iz Vremena Carstva/ The Coinage of the Serbian Regional Lords
During the Time of the Empire. Monograph Number 9, City of Belgrade Museum, Belgrade, 2000.
This is numismatic history, not a catalogue. Each chapter is very nicely illustrated with enlarged photos and
the occasional line drawing. Although written in Serbo-Croatian, there is enough of an English summary after
each chapter to make the book useful for those who don’t read Serbian. The legends of the coins can be found
in the text (but not the summaries). It is a really good book that attempts to clear up the attribution of many of
the coins of the period.
Mikhailov, Aleksandr. K Voprosu o Datirovke Bosporskikh Mednykh Monet III-II vv. do N. E./ On the Question of
159

d nd
Dating Bosporus Copper Coins of the 3 - 2 Centuries BC. Numismatika i Faleristika, 1997(1), pp. 4-13.
The author constucted a sequence of coin types from Pantikapaion and Fanagoria based on the fact that many
of the coins were overstruck on previous issues. There is a nice catalogue with enlarged photos. A nice
supplement to Anokhin’s work.
Miles, George C. The Coinage of the Kakwayhid Dynasty. Iraq, Volume 5, pp. 89-104, 1938. Photocopy.
A summary of ten new coins of the Kakwayhid dynasty of 11th century Iran, a summary of all known types,
dates and mints, a historical overview of the dynasty, and a note on the mints.
Miles, George C. The Numismatic History of Rayy. Numismatic Studies No. 2, American Numismatic Society,
New York, 1938. Photocopy.
The coinage of Rayy, also know as al-MMuhammadiyah, in Iran. Includes Sasanian, Arab-Sasanian,
Umayyad, Abbasid, Samanid, Buyid/Buwayhid, Ghaznavid, Seljuq, and Ilkhan coinage. Arabic legends given
in full where known. Good historical notes throughout.
Miles, George C. The Ayyubid Dynasty of the Yaman and their Coinage. Numismatic Chronicle, Fifth Series,
Vol. XIX, pp. 62-97, 1939. (Original Reprint from the Journal).
The description of 68 dirhams struck by the Ayyubid branch in the Yemen. Full coin descriptions and a good
history of this period of history in the south Arabian peninsula.
Miles, George C. Early Arabic Glass Weights and Stamps. Numismatic Notes and Monographs, No. 111,
American Numismatic Society, New York, 1948.
A description of 220 Umayyad and Abbasid glass weights and vessel stamps in the ANS collection. There is a
long introductory chapter on the types, epigraphy and metrology of the objects, followed by a chapter by
Frederick R. Matson on The Manufacture of Eighth-Century Egyptian Glass Weights and Stamps. The
catalogue is followed by a good bibliography, index of Arabic inscriptions, and very nice photographic plates.
This was the author’s first major contribution to the study of Islamic metrology based on glass weights and
stamps to which he later added two supplements.
Miles, George C. Rare Islamic Coins. Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 118, American Numismatic
Society, New York, 1950.
Rare Arab-Sasanian, Arab-Bukharan, Arab-Byzantine, Umayyad and Abbasid coins in the ANS collection. All
are described with Arabic legends written out and photographs. It is a good addition to works like Walker.
Miles, George C. The Coinage of the Umayyads of Spain. Hispanic Numismatic Series Monograph Number I,
Parts One and Two, American Numismatic Society, New York, 1950.
An extensive survey of the early Islamic coinage of medieval Spain (716-912). All legends written out,
chapters on translations, historical context, metrology, minting techniques, etc. Many subtypes based on wide
variation in ornamentation, with an index based on ornamentation. The standard reference.
Miles, George C. Fatimid Coins in the Collections of the University Museum, Philadelphia, and the American
Numismatic Society. Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 121. American Numismatic Society, New York,
1951.
A listing of coins with many photographs issued by the Fatimid dynasty in Egypt, Syria and Sicily. Some
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descriptions include legends written out in Arabic, but not translated. There is a list of Fatimid mints with
known dates that they were in operation.
Miles, George C. The Coinage of the Visigoths of Spain -Leovigild to Achila II. Hispanic Numismatic Series
Monograph Number II, American Numismatic Society, New York, 1952.
A comprehensive corpus of the coins of medieval Spain from 568-714. Records almost 3500 known
specimens. Includes historical and biographical notes, analyses of the evolution and distribution of types,
detailed descriptions of every coin, and extensive photographic plates. The standard reference.
Miles, George C. Coins of the Spanish Muluk al-Tawa'if. Hispanic Numismatic Series Monograph Number III,
American Numismatic Society, New York, 1954.
Coins of the Islamic successors to the Umayyads in Spain, 5th/11th century. Based on collection in the ANS
and the Hispanic Society of America. Full coin descriptions with Arabic inscriptions, but no transliterations or
translations. Nice plates.
Miles, George C. The Early Islamic Bronze Coinage of Egypt. In Harald Ingholt, Centennial Publication of the
American Numismatic Society, New York, 1958, pp. 471-502.
Fantastic article on Islamic coppers from Egypt. Covers Umayyad, Abbasid, and Tulunid coins. Legends are
completely written out. There is one nice page of photos.
Miles, George C. Contributions to Arabic Metrology. I. Early Arabic Glass Weights and Measure Stamps
Acquired by the American Numismatic Society, 1951-1956. ANS Numismatic Notes and Monographs No.
141, ANS, New York, 1958.
A description of almost 300 weights and stamps in the ANS collection. Many are photographed. There are
complete descriptions of the legends and detailed discussions of who issued the different pieces and why.
Miles, George C. Excavation Coins from the Persepolis Region. Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 143,
American Numismatic Society, New York, 1959.
Many coins found in several excavation sites in Persepolis, the most being from one in Istakhr. Include
Macedon, Persis, Elymais, Sasanian, Arab-Sasanian (silver and bronze), Byzantine, Umayyad (Istakhr, Sabur,
Shiraz, Wasit, no mint), Abbasid Revolutionary, Abbasid (Arrajan, Ardashir Khurrah, Istakhr, al-Ahwaz, al-
‘Abbasiya, Biramqubadh, Madinat Balkh, Tawwaj, Jayy, Sabur, Samarqand, Shiraz, Fars, Fasa, Kurat al-
Mahdiyah min Fars, al-Muhammadiya, Madinat al-Salam, Ma’din al-Shash, Wasit), Samanid, Buwayhid,
Seljuq, Ilkhan, Civic copper of Isfahan and Shiraz, Qajar, Muzaffarid, Timurid. Good descriptions of coins, all
photographed. Includes photos of the excavation sites.
Miles, George C. Some New Light on the History of Kirman in the First Century of the Hijrah. Pp. 85-98, In:
James Kritzeck and R. Bayly Winder (Eds.), The World of Islam: Studies in Honour of Philip K. Hitti.
MacMillan & Co. Ltd., London, 1959.
The history of Kirman as told by Arab-Sasanian and early Umayyad coinage. It includes several coins that
were not known to Walker in his study of Arab-Sasanian coinage. The earliest undisputed date of coins with
the mint name Kirman is AH 58 in the name of ‘Ubaydulla ibn Ziyad, Governor under the Caliph Yazid (died
AH 64). The counter-caliph ‘Abdullah ibn Zubayr took possession in AH 62. The author explains the
personages on successive issues until Islamic dirhams of Kirman after the reform of ‘Abd al-Malik were struck.
Interesting example of coins being used to establish historical timelines. Good plates and descriptions of
previously undescribed coins.
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Miles, George C. Notes on Kakwayhid Coins. American Numismatic Society Museum Notes, Vol. IX, pp. 231-
236, 1960. Photocopy.
Additions and corrections to earlier work on the Kakwayhid dynasty of 11th century Iran.
Miles, George C. Contributions to Arabic Metrology. II. Early Arabic Glass Weights and Vessel Stamps in the
Benaki Museum, Athens, and the Peter Ruthven Collection, Ann Arbor. ANS Numismatic Notes and
Monographs No. 150, ANS, New York, 1963.
A continuation of his project begun in 1958 with descriptions of almost 150 weights and stamps from two other
collections.
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Miles, George C. The Circulation of Islamic Coinage of the 8 - 12 Centuries in Greece. Proceedings of the
Congresso Internazionale di Numismatica, Vol. II, pp. 485-498, 1965. Offprint.
A discussion of Islamic coins found in Corinth and Crete. There are no coin descriptions, just a history.
Miles, George C. Al-Mahdi al-Haqq, Amir al-Muminin. Revue Numismatique, pp. 329-341, 1965. Photocopy.
Three dirhams with no mint or date believed to have been struck by Abbasid revolutionaries during the time of
Harun al-Rashid or al-Ma’mun.
Miles, George C. A Hoard of Kakwayhid Dirhems. American Numismatic Society Museum Notes, Vol. XII, pp.
165-193, 1966. Photocopy.
A description of a hoard of 45 coins of the Kakwayhid dynasty of 11th century Iran. There is a good summary
of all the personal names found on the coins and of the mints and dates found in the hoard.
Miles, George C. Some Hoards of Crusader Bezants. American Numismatic Society Museum Notes No. 13, pp.
189-203, 1967.
An analysis of Arabic-type gold Bezants from the Crusaders. The work is based on the content of several
hoards.
Miles, George C. The Earliest Arab Gold Coinage. American Numismatic Society Museum Notes No. 13, pp.
205-239. 1967.
A nice study of Arab-Byzantine gold coinage up to the time of ‘Abd al-Malik’s reforms.
Miles, George C. The Coinage of the Arab Amirs of Crete. Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 160.
American Numismatic Society, New York, 1970.
The coinage of the Islamic Emirs of Crete, ca. 820-961. Pulls together all known information at the time, with
coins grouped by numismatic types. Chronologies, where given, are only approximate. All coins fully
described with Arabic legends written out. Most photographed. Standard work on this area.
Miles, George C. Tresor de Dirhems du IXe Siecle. Memoires de la Mission Archeologique en Iran, vol. 37, pp.
67-145, 1970. Photocopy.
A description of a massive hoard of 9th century Islamic coins. Includes 'Abbasid, Zanj Rebellion, Saffarid,
Dulafid, Tahirid and Hasanwayhid.
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Miles, George C. The Coinage of the Bawandids of Tabaristan. In: C. E. Bosworth (ed.), Iran and Islam, in
Memory of the Late Vladimir Minorsky, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 443-460, 1971.
The Islamic Bavanidid dynasty. Includes full descriptions of coins with photos.
Miles, George C. Additions to Zambaur's Muenzpraegungen des Islams. American Numismatic Society Museum
Notes, Vol. 17, pp. 229-233, 1971.
A list of 55 mints not found in Zambaur, with brief bibliographic references and mention of the dynasties which
issued coins from those mints.
Miles, George C. Coinage of the Ziyarid Dynasty of Tabaristan and Gurgan. ANS Museum Notes, Vol. 18, pp.
119-137, 1972.
History and coinage of the Islamic Ziyarids. There are descriptions of new coin types and an attempt at a full
listing of all known coins of the dynasty with references to other literature and collections.
Miles, George C. Another Kakwayhid Note. American Numismatic Society Museum Notes Vol. 18, pp. 139-148,
1972. Photocopy.
More additions to our knowledge of the Kakwayhid dynasty of 11th century Iran.
Miles, George C. Coins of the Assassins of Alamut. Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, Vol. 3, pp. 155-162, 1972.
Photocopy
The coinage of Muhammad bin Buzurgumid of the Islamic Assassins.
Miletic, Rista. Kontramarke na Novcu Rimske Imperije/ Countermarks on Coins of the Roman Empire. Dinar
Number 22, pp. 18-21, 2004.
An interesting compilation of 108 different countermarks found on Roman coins.
Millies, H. C. Recherches sur les Monnaies des Indigenes de l’Archipel Indien et de la Peninsule Malaie.
Martinus Nijhoff, La Haye, 1871. Photocopy.
One of the classic works on medieval coinage of Indonesia and Malaysia. It includes Java (with a large group
of temple tokens), Sumatra, Chinese colonies on Bangka, Malay Peninsula (Kedah,Oudjong Salang), Johor,
Trengganu, Patani, Sanggora, Borneo, Celebes, and others. It has good plates of the little gold coins from
Atcheh.
Milstein, Rachel. A Hoard of Early Arab Figurative Coins. Studies in Memory of Paul Balog, Israel Numismatic
Journal, Volume 10, pp. 3-26, 1988-1989.
The description of 158 Arab-Byzantine coins, a part of a hoard, with imperial figures on them. One major
group has no mint, the others have the mint name Dimashq (Damascus) in either Greek or Arabic. She has
done a meticulous job of determining the number of dies and included drawings of the major distinctions
among types and dies. There are good photos of many of the coins.
Mitchiner, Michael. The Multiple Dirhems of Medieval Afghanistan. Hawkins Publications, London, 1973.
The book covers primarily the Samanid and Ghaznavid dynasties and the governors of Khorasan. Very
detailed treatment with translations of legends and many plates.
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Mitchiner, Michael. The Early Coinage of Central Asia. Hawkins Publications, London, 1973.
Introduction and history of numismatics of ancient Central Asia. Includes Dahai in Choresmia, Sogdian, Yueh
Chi, Kushan, Graeco-Saka. Not a comprehensive catalog. Good series of maps, detailed history and
geography, decent plates.
Mitchiner, Michael. Oriental Coins and their Values. I. The World of Islam. Hawkins Publications, London,
1977. Reprinted 1998.
A collection of over 4,000 Islamic and related coins (including India). Each coin is photographed, and some
legends are written out in Arabic. Said to contain many errors, but still the best single collection of Islamic
coins to use as a photographic reference.
Mitchiner, Michael. Oriental Coins and their Values. II. The Ancient and Classical World, 600 B.C. - A.D. 650.
Hawkins Publications, London, 1978.
A collection of over 5500 ancient and classical Oriental coins. Every piece is photographed, and many legends
are written out. Fantastic collection.
Mitchiner, Michael. Oriental Coins and their Values. III. Non-Islamic States an Western Colonies, AD 600-
1979. Hawkins Publications, London, 1979.
A comprehensive catalogue and historical treatment of the coinage of India, Ceylon, Nepal, the Himalayas,
Southeast Asia, China, Korea, Vietnam and Japan. Almost 5,000 coins illustrated. There is a detailed history
accompanying each coin-issuing entity. Valuations are from 1979.
Mitchiner, Michael. The Coinage and History of Southern India. Part One. Karnataka - Andhra. Hawkins
Publications, London, 1998.
A catalogue of 1225 coins of southern India, ancient to modern. Like his earlier Oriental series.
Mitchiner, Michael. The Coinage and History of Southern India. Part Two. Tamilnadu - Kerala. Hawkins
Publications, London, 1998.
The second volume with 1279 coins.
Mochiri, Malek Iradj. Etudes de Numismatique Iranienne sous les Sassanides, Tome 1. Bibliotheque Nationale a
Teheran, 1972.
A weird little book that has a coin of Khusru III and a discussion of some of the mints of the Sasanian Empire.
There are decent photos of coins and the variations in how mint names are written is discussed well for the few
mints that are included.
Mochiri, Muhammad. Sikke-ha-i Shah-i Ismai’il Evvel/Coinage of Shah Ismail I Safavi. Teheran, 1351/1972.
A short booklet covering the coinage of one of the first Shahs of Iran, the Safavid Ismail I. It has lists of
legends found on the coins, titles, and a few mediocre black and white photos of Safavid coins with legends
written out. In Persian.
Molchanov, A. A. Unikal’naya Moneta 919/1513-1514 g. Sheibanida Ubaidallakha/ A unique coin from
919/1513-1514 of the Shaybanid Ubayd Allah. Bartol’dovskiye Chteniya, God Desyatii, pp. 67-69, 1993.
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A brief desription of a very rare Shaybanid tanka of Ubayd Allah from AH 919, more than 20 years before he
assumed power. The period AH 919-924 was apparently a time of significant political unrest in Central Asia in
the Timurid and Shaybanid dynasties.
Molchanov, A. A. Coins of Khorezm of the rule of Dzhunaid Khan (1918-1920) Journal of the Russian
Numismatic Society, Number 59, pp. 21-26, 1996.
A description (without illustrations) of the Khanate of Khiva coinage of Junaid Khan, Khwarizm mint. Most of
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the coinage is dated AH 1337-1338 (20 Century).
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Molchanov, A. A. Dinastiya Mutidov v Ispidzhabe X - nach. XI v./ The Mutid Dynasty in Ispijab in the 10 -
th
beginning of the 11 Century. Tret’ya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentziya, Moscow, pp. 7-8,
1995.
A list of the rulers of the Mutid dynasty, considered by Steve Album to be the early Qarakhanid rulers.
Although Molchanov says they were from Ispijab, the most common mints encountered (according to Album)
are Uzkand, Urdu, Akhsikath and others.
Molchanov, A. A. Coin Finds of the Empire of Trebizond on the North Coast of the Black Sea. Selected Papers,
XVIIIth International Congress of Byzantine Studies, Byzantine Studies Press, pp. 258-261, 1996.
Most Trebizond coinage has been found in the Caucasus. The author outlines several finds in the north Black
Sea and Azov Sea area of Trebizond coins from all Trebizond emperors known to have struck coins. Some of
the types were previously unknown.
Molchanov, A. A. Monetnyi Chekan Khorezma v Pravlenie Dzhunaid-Khana (1337 i 1338 gg.kh)/ Coins Struck
in Khwarizm during the Reign of Junaid Khan (1337 and 1338 AH). Pp. 108-119, In: A. S. Belyakov and A.
A. Molchanov, Numizmatika v Istoricheskom Muzee, Trudy Gosudarstvennovo Istoricheskovo Muzeya,
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik Chast’ 14, Moscow, 2001.
A nice article with good line drawings of varieties of silver and brass coins struck in the Khwarizm (listed
under Khanate of Khiva in Krause). These are the types with the sun above a horizontal line on the obverse.
Denominations are 1, 2 or 2 ½, 5 and 15 Tengas.
Molchanov, A. A. Novye Dannye o Monetnom Chekane Dzhafaridov (Dirkhem Tiflisskovo Emira Dzhafara ibn
Mansura 374 g.kh.). Pp. 93-95 In: Gaidukov, P. G. (Ed.) Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya
Vypusk 138, Numismaticheskii Sbornik GIM, Tom XVI, Moscow, 2003.
Description of a dirham of Tiflis, AH 374, struck by the Ja’farid ruler Ja’far b. Mansur.
Molnar, Jozsef. A Csaszarkori Pannonia Közigazgatasi Kerdesei Gazdasaga es Penzei/ Imperial Roman Coins
and their Circulation in Hungary. Györ, 1998.
An introduction to Roman coinage with emphasis on Hungary. It has wonderful line drawings of different
figures found on reverses and of portraits of each ruler. There are tables of mint abbreviations and titles and
relationships of the coin-issuing entities, maps, and other guides to identifying Roman coins. It would help to
read Hungarian!
Moquette, J. P. De Munten van Nederlandsch-Indie. A series of fourteen articles in Tijdschrift voor Indische
Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Volumes XLIX, XL, 1907-1910. Photocopies.
A detailed treatise of the coinage struck by the Netherlands in Indonesia. Line drawings of coins show many
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varieties found nowhere else.
Mora Serrano. Estudio de Moneda Hammudi en Malaga. El Hallazgo de Dirhames de Ardales. Universidad de
Malaga, No Date.
The description of a hoard of 449 dirhams and fragments thereof found in Ardales. The coins were Umayyad
Spain and Hammudid of Malaga (Ceuta/Sabta and al-Andalus mints), with most being from the Hammudids.
The booklet has a lot of metrological information, no coin descriptions, and four plates of coins.
Morard, Nicolas, Erich B. Cahn and Charles Villard. Monnaies de Fribourg/Freiburger Muenzen. Banque de
l’etat de Fribourg/ Freiburger Staatsbank, Fribourg, 1969.
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A nice bank publication published on the occasion of the bank’s 75 anniversary. The coinage of the Canton
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of Fribourg began in the early 15 century. The catalogue includes 88 coins from the earliest issues struck in
Fribourg until 1846. There is a detailed monetary history of Fribourg. The history is in French, the catalogue
in French and German. The plates of coins are very high quality, and the entire book is published on a highquality
glossy stock. Another example of why I like bank publications.
Morcom, John. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Volume X, The John Morcom Collection of Western Greek
Bronze Coins. Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press and Spink and Son Limited,
Oxford, 1995.
Includes ancient Spain, Italy, Gaul, etc. Bought it mostly for Sicily and Carthage. A total of 951 coins, all with
excellent photographs.
Morgan, Jacques de. Manuel de Numismatique Orientale de l'Antiquite et du Moyen Age. Tome I. Originally
Published Paris, 1923-1936. Reprinted by Obol International, Chicago, 1979.
This first volume covers pre-Islamic coinage, including ancient Persia, Phoenicia, Seleucids, Arsacids,
Parthians, Mesopotamia, Syria, Arabia, Sasanians, early India, Hephthalites, Indo-Sasanians and Kushans.
Lots of illustrations in text. Gives many ancient alphabets and transliterations. Hundreds of coin types
described. A classic early work.
Morgan, Jacques de. Ancient Persian Numismatics - Elymais. Originally published Paris, 1930. Reprint by Attic
Books, Ltd. New York, 1976.
History and coinage of Elymais, a semi-independent offshoot of the Parthians. It covers more than what is
found in Sear or in de Morgan’s Manuel de Numismatique Orientale, although all three books used in
combination seem to be best. The photos are good enough to make identification easier. This book shows how
the coppers with the pattern of dashes on the reverse are really degraded portraits of Hermaeus.
Mort, S. R. Coins of the Hapsburg Emperors and Related Issues, 1619-1919. The Hawthorne Press, Melbourne,
Australia, 1959.
This is an aid to identification, not a catalogue. It includes historical notes, a section on provinces and mints,
an exhaustive list of mint marks, weight standards, and a list of types and denominations by ruler, mint and
year. There are sections on legends and mottoes, with a key to abbreviations and translations, a glossary of
numismatic terms, and a guide to heraldic devices.
Morton, A. H. An Iranian Hoard of Forged Dirhams. Numismatic Chronicle, Seventh Series, Volume XV, pp.
155-168, 1975.
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An interesting hoard of contempory forgeries of Abbasid dirhams. Of particular interest is one from Madinat
Samarqand dated AH 199, which Tabataba’i mistakenly attributed to al-Shash in his work. This was important
in my work with al-Shash copper in establishing a list of early coins in all metals from that mint.
Mosher, Stuart. Coin Mottoes and their Translations. Reprinted from The Numismatist, 1948.
Translations of legends on coins.
Moshnyagin, D. I. and A. B. Zhuk. Monety Stran Zarubezhnoi Azii i Afriki, XIX-XX Veka/ Coins of the Foreign
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Countries of Asia and Africa, 19 - 20 Centuries. Izdatel’stvo “Nayka” Glavnaya Redaktsiya Vostochnoi
Literaturi, Moscow, 1967.
An interesting, well-illustrated Russian publication on recent coins of Asia and Africa. It does not have the
Islamic khanates of Central Asia. A Russian version of Craig or Yeoman.
Motos Guirao, Encarnacion and Amador Diaz Garcia. Hallazgo en Tignar (Granada) de Feluses de tipo Al-Aglab
de finales del Emirato. II. Jarique de Numismatica Hispano-Arab, Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs de la Diputacio
de Lleida, Lleida, pp. 163-176, 1988.
A hoard of fulus of Spanish Umayyads. Line drawings of the coins, some legends written out.
Mousheghian, Kh. A. Neizdannyi Ekzemplyar Zolotoi Monety Rubenidov/ Unknown Examples of Gold Coins of the
Roupenids. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XX, pp. 95-96, 1971.
Eight gold coins from Armenia. Six were from Levon I, and one each from Hetoum I and Constantin I. The
Armenian legends are written out and one of the coins of Levon I is photographed.
Mousheghian, Kh. A. Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Armenii (V v. do N. E. - XIV v. N. E.)/ Monetary Circulation
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in Armenia (5 Century B. C. - 14 Century C.E.). Akademiya Nauk Armyanskoi SSR, Fosudarstvennyi
Muzei Istorii Armenii, Erevan, 1983. In Armenian, with Russian and English summaries.
A survey of Armenian coins, including ancient Greek, Sasanian, Byzantine, Umayyad, Abbasid, Bagratid
(Georgian), Sajid, Ildegizid, Rum Seljuq, Ilkhan, and others. There are a few coin plates, a list of Abbasid
governors on silver and copper coins, and a good overview of the numismatic history. Probably really neat if
you read Armenian!
Mousheghian, Khatchatur, Anahit Mousheghian, Cecile Bresc, Georges Depeyrot, and Francois Gurnet. History
and Coin Finds in Armenia: Coins from Duin, Capital of Armenia (4 -13th c.), Inventory of Byzantine and
Sasanian Coins in Armenia (6 -7th c.). Collection Moneta 18, Wetteren, Belgium, 2000.
A desription of coins found in hoards around Duin. Although many other dynasties and periods are
represented, the ones with the most frequent occurrences are Sasanian, Byzantine, Umayyad, Abbasid,
Ildegizid, Seljuq Iraq, Bagratid (Georgia), and Rum Seljuq. The Ildegizid and Seljuq Iraq portions are
especially important. There are coin descriptions in the text with Arabic legends written out. Illustrations are
rubbings for the most part. Photos sure would have been nice! There are great maps.
Mowery, Thomas E. One Cash Coins of China’s Manchu Dynasty, 1644-1911. Fortmeyer and Lang, St. Paul,
Minn, 1972.
An identification and price guide (in five grades) of Ch’ing dynasty one-cash coins. The only drawback is that
it does not give the full name of the mints, only the translation of the Chinese and Mongol characters for the
mints. Hence Fu, but not Fukien, etc.
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Mubarek, Ghalib. Meskukat-i Kadime-i Islamiye Katalogu, Muluku Cengiziye ve Ilkhaniye ve Celairiye ve Kirim
Hanlari. Catalogue of Coins in the Imperial Ottoman Museum, Part 3. Constantinople, 1318/1900.
Photocopy, green Egyptian hard-bound, half-leather.
Catalogue of the coins of the Great Mongols (Chingizid), Ilkhan, Jalayrid and Giray Khans. Legends written
out.
Mueller, L., C. T. Falbe and J. Chr. Lindberg. Numismatique de l’Ancienne Afrique, Vol. 1-3, supplement.
Originally published Copenhagen, 1860-1874. Reprinted by Obol International, Chicago, 1977.
Ancient Greek (mostly) and Roman coinage from Africa. Each section begins with a historical overview of a
region, which is then followed by an overview of the coinage. Coins are fully described with legends written
out and are accompanied by line drawings. A decent introduction to both the history and the coinage. In
French.
Mueller-Jahncke, Wolf-Dieter and Franz-Eugen Volz. Die Muenzen und Medaillen der graeflichen Haeuser Sayn
mit landesgeschichtlichen Beitraegen von Jost Kloft nebst einem Anhang Die Muenzen und Medaillen des
graeflichen Hauses Hatzfeldt. Numismatischer Verlag P. N. Schulten, Frankfurt am Main, 1975.
The coins and medals of the German counts of the House of Sayn (1139-1799) and the House of Hatzfeldt
(1354-1794). Includes historical overviews and catalogues.
Muhametshin, D. G. Monety Mokhshi iz Fondov Bolgarskogo Gosudarstvennogo Istoriko-Arkhitekturnogo
Zapovednika/ Coins of Mohshi from the Collection of the Bolgar State Historical-Architectural Reserve.
Drevnosti Povolzh’ya i Drugikh Regionov, Vypusk III. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom II, Istoriko-
Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 50-55, 2000.
Fourteen different coin types from the Mohshi/Mohsi mint. Coin descriptions in the text include only Russian
translations of the Arabic legends. There are good line drawings of each coin.
Muhammadiev, A. G. Klad Tatarskikh Monet XIV v. Drevnosti Vostochnoi Yevropi, pp. 147-155, Moscow,
1969.
The description of a hoard of early Golden Horde dirhams. There are no coin descriptions. Most of the coins
were from the reigns of Muhammad Uzbek and Jani Beg, Saray, Saray al-Jadida, and Bulghar al-Mahrusa
mints.
Muhammadiev, A. G. Ob Obrezannykh Monetakh v Volzhskoi Bolgarii v Kontse XIV b. (Malo-Atryasinskii
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Klad)/Clipped coins of the Volga Bulgars at the end of the 14 Century (Malo-Atryasinskii Hoard).
Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. VIII, pp. 53-66, 1970.
An analysis of a hoard of coins of the Islamic Golden Horde (Jujid) dynasty.
Muhammadiev, A. G. Den’gi, Denezhnaya Terminologiya i Denezhnii Schet Bulgara v Predmongol’skii Period/
Coins, Monetary Terminology and Monetary System in the Bulgar State prior to the Invasion of the Mongols.
Sovyetskaya Arkheologiya 1972(2), pp. 63-72, 1972.
A description of circulation of Volga-Bulghar coins. It mentions some names found on silver dirhams, but is
mostly text not focused on coin descriptions.
Muhammadiev, A. G. Bulgaro-Tatarskaya Monetnaya Sistema, XII-XV BB. (Bulgaro-Tatar Monetary System,
12th-15th Centuries). Published by the Academy of Science of the USSR, Kazan Branch, Moscow, 1983. In
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Russian.
A treatise primarily on Islamic Golden Horde and earlier coinage of the Volga region of Russia and of western
Kazakhstan. Not organized as a corpus, but searching for references to plates in text can assist with reading the
coins. Includes many scarcer rulers not listed in Album's check list and many photos of the early anonymous
coinage. Decent plates.
Muhammadiev, A. G. Drevnie Monety Povolzh’ya/Ancient Coins of the Volga Region. Tatarskoye Knizhnoye
Izdatel’stvo, Kazan, 1990.
A treatise on the Sasanian, Khwarizm, Kazan and Volga-Bulghar coins (including imitations of Samanid coins)
from the Volga region. The book is a detailed numismatic history, not a catalogue. There are plates of coins
and descriptions of some coins in the text.
Munzel, Kurt. Ergänzungung zu den Dirhems des Rum-Seldschuken Kai-Ka’us II. Jahrbuch für Numismatik und
Geldgeschichte, Volume XXVII, pp. 93-94, 1977.
In an earlier article, the author had shown 11 distinct die varieties of dirhams of the Rum Seljuq Kayka’us II
struck in the year AH 658. This article addes six more variants to the inventory, four from Konya and two
from Lulua.
Munzel, Kurt. Ein Fund frühsafawidischer Münzen. Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte, Volume
XXVII, pp. 95-120, 1977.
The description of 37 Ashrafis of the Safavid dynasty from an undetermined find spot. All but one were issues
of Isma’il I, while the other was from his successor, Tahmasp I. The coins were from several mints, Ruha,
Khatabirt, Nachjawan, Tabriz, Na’in, Damavand, Yazd, Kashan, Abarquh, Herat and Sughd. All are nicely
described and photographed, although the photos, while of good quality, are reduced in size. The paper could
actually be a great help in reading the coins of Isma’il.
Munzel, Kurt. Fada - eine islamische Münzstätte? Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte, Volume 28/29,
pp. 139-140, 1978/1979.
Zambaur refers to coins from the mint Fada at an unknown location. The author examines a coin with this mint
name and concludes that the correct reading is Amul.
Munzel, Kurt. ‘Abd amir al-mu’minin, ein Titel auf einem mittelalterlichen Siegelstein. Jahrbuch für Numismatik
und Geldgeschichte, Volume 28/29, pp. 141-142, 1978/1979.
The title, translated as Servant of the Commander of the Faithful, accompanies the names Yusuf b. Yaqub and
Isma’il b. Musa on the seal of a seal ring. The author gives several possibilities as to whom the amir almuminin
refers, and raises the possibility of its being the Ghaznavid Mahmud b. Sebuktegin, a Buwayhid, or
possibly one of the Fatimid rulers.
Murchison, Del S. Standard Catalogue of Iranian Coins. ARM Publications, Mississauga, Ontario, 1995.
Number 13 of 200 copies, signed by author.
A catalogue of transitional and milled coinage of Iran. There is good introductory material. Each coin is
illustrated, and legends are transliterated and translated. The original Persian is not written out. Gives
mintages and values in several grades.
Murphy, Paul. Kosala State Region, c. 600-470 BC, Silver Punchmarked Coinage. Indian Institute of Research in
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Numismatic Studies, Mumbai, 2001.
Ancient coinage from the Ganges plain. The book is a comprehensive catalogue and historical overview. The
coins are arranged by series and group in tabular form, with the four symbols illustrated in each of four
columns. The photos are good, and there is a table of the various symbols with references back to the
catalogue. Excellent reference for the series.
Murthy, A. V. Narasimha. The Coins of Karnataka. Geetha Book House, Mysore, 1975.
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South Indian coinage from ancient Punchmark coinage through issues of Mysore in the 19 Century. Includes
pre-Mauryan, Mauryan, Maharathi, Ananda, Satavahana, Roman coinage, Rashtrakuta, Chalukyas, Kalachuri,
Hoysala, Sevunas of Devagiri, Kadambas of Goa and Hangal, Alupas, Vijayanagar, Bahmani (Islamic),
Bijapur, and Mysore. The book is more of a numismatic history than a comprehensive catalogue, but there are
a number of drawings and coin descriptions.
Mushmov, Nikola A. Monetite i Pechatite na Bulgarskite Tsare/ Coins and Seals of the Bulgarian Tsars.
Originally published in Sofia, 1924. Reprinted (in Sofia?), unknown date.
A mediocre reprint of the classic early work on medieval Bulgarian numismatics. It is in Bulgarian with a
French summary. There are numerous line drawings of coins in the text and poor-quality plates of photos,
many too dark to see. There are excellent tables of monograms and other symbols found on the coins to assist
in identification. It is the most detailed work on medieval Bulgarian coins.
Myets, N. D. Moskovskaya Den’ga Novgorodskovo Tipa/ A Moscow Denga of the Novgorod Type.
Gosudarstvennoye Izdatel’stvo Kul’turno-Prosvetitel’noi Literatury, Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Part One, pp.
124-127, Moscow, 1955.
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The description of a 15 century denga of a Novgorod type, but in the style of a denga of the Grand Princes of
Moscow.
al-Naqshbandi, Nasir al-Sayyid Mahmud. al-Dinar al-Islami fi al-Mithaf al-’Iraqi, Part 1 (Umayyad and
Abbasid). Baghdad, 1953. Photocopy
A bilingual (Arabic and English) catalogue of gold coins of the Caliphate. It is easy to use, has legends written
out, and is well-indexed with tables of mints and dates. The latitude and longitude of the mint towns is given in
another table, and there are maps of the mints. Now if I could only afford gold.
Nastich, V. N. Monetnye Nakhodki s Gorodishcha Krasnaya Rechka/ Coin Finds from the Town of Krasnaya
Rechka. Krasnaya Rechka I Burana, Materialy I Issledovaniya Kirgizskoi Arkheologicheskoi Ekspeditsii,
Akademiya Nauk Kirgizskoi SSR, Frunze, pp. 96-120, 1989.
A list of 226 coin finds, some single finds, some larger hoards, found over approximately a decade. There are
partial descriptions of coins throughout, including drawings of Sogdian and Turgesh Khaganate coins. The
majority of the coins found were Sogdian and other early central Asian types, Chinese, and Qarakhanid. A
summary at the end provides a cross reference of dynasties found to the hoard numbers in the text.
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Nastich, V. N. Almaty - Monetnyi Dvor XIII Veka/ Almaty - A Mint of the 13 Century. Drevnosti Povolzh’ya i
Drugikh Regionov, Vypusk III. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom II, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr
‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 257-266, 2000.
Two coins of the Almaty mint dated AH 684 and 685, respectively. The dates are written by means of abjad
chonograms. There are photos of both coins and Arabic legends in the text.
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Nastich, V. N. Novye dannye o klade serebryanykh monet pervoi chetverti XV v. iz Turkmenii/ New information
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on a hoard of silver coins from the first quarter of the 15 century from Turkmenistan. Desyataya
Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Moscow, pp. 90-92,
2002.
Hoard of 76 Golden Horde coins from later rulers of the Golden Horde. Most of the coins were from the
Khwarizm mint, including Pulad Khan, Timur Khan, and Jalal al-Din (AH 810-813), as well as a few coins
from Ordu of Shadi Beg and Pulad.
Nastich, V. N. Novye Materialy k istorii Kokandskogo Khanstva (Posmertnyi chekan Malla-khana ili emissiya
Malla-Khana II?). Pp. 73-92 In: Gaidukov, P. G. (Ed.) Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya
Vypusk 138, Numismaticheskii Sbornik GIM, Tom XVI, Moscow, 2003.
A gold tilla in the name of Sayyid Muhammad Malla Khan from Khoqand dated AH 1288, one year earlier
than his reign was previously known. The author discusses whether this is really a second reign of the
Muhammad Malla Khan whose first reign ended in 1278 (as Steve Album suggests in his Checklist) or if it is
from the reign of a second ruler with the same name.
Nastich, V. N. Monety i Denezhnoe Obrashchenie Iemenskogo Korolevstva (XX vek)/ Coins and Use of Money
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in Yemen (20 Century). Numizmaticheskii Sbornik 2003, Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh, Sankt-Petersburg, pp.
87-108, 2003.
Very thorough and well-illustrated treatment of twentieth century coins of Yemen.
Nastich, V. N. Khronogrammy na Monetakh Mongol’skikh Ulusov XIII v. In: Nikonorov, V. P., Tsentral’naya
Aziya ot Akhemenidov do Timuridov: Arkheologiya, Istoriya, Etnologiya, Kul’tura, pp. 276-277, Sankt-
Peterburg, 2005.
The use of chronograms on Mongol coins of Almaty and Jurjan.
Nastich, V. N. Uldzhaitimur-Khan: Bremya i Den’gi: Numizmticheskii Obzor/ Uljaytimur Khan: His Time and
Coinage (A Numismatic Survey). Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XXVIII, pp. 168-186, 2009.
Very rare copper and silver coinage of the Golden Horde khan Uljay Timur dated AH 768-770 (1367-1368
CE). There are three types of silver coins, two from Saray al-Jadida and one from Saraychik and one copper
type dated AH 768 from Saray al-Jadida. Coins are fully described with legends written out in Arabic and
translated into Russian, plus good photographs of the coins. English summary.
Nastich, V. N. and G. I. Djaparidze. Unikal’nii Dirkhem Umm Dja’far (Zubaidy), Zheny Khalifa Kharuna ar-
Rashida/ A Unique Dirham of Umm Jafar (Zubaida), Wife of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. Vostok: Proshloye i
Budushcheye Narodov, Volume IV, pp. 168-169, 1991.
A short note reporting the existing of a unique dirham of the wife of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid. The
dirham, in the name of Umm Ja’far, is dated AH 181, and the mint was read as al-Luwayya. The Arabic
legends were not given, nor is there a photograph.
National Bank of Georgia, Money in Georgia, Second Revised Edition, Tbilisi, 2003. Bilingual, Georgian and English.
Excellent bank publication covering Georgian coinage from Colchis through modern coinage. Nice
photographs. Legends of coins are written out in English, not in original languages.
National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic. The Numismatic Heritage of Kyrgyzstan. National Bank of the Kyrgyz
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Republic, 2002.
A beautiful trilingual (English, Russian and Kyrgyz) bank publication covering the Turgesh Khanate through
modern times. The long numismatic history includes Qarakhanids, Chaghatayids, Timurids, Shaybanid, Janid,
Manghit (Bukhara) and Khoqand dynasties. The catalogue has a small selection of Turgesh and Qarakhanid
coins. Fantastic photos, although some of the copper is a bit dark and not readable. 140 coins are
photographed and identified throughout the text before the small catalogue. Our friend Vladimir Nastich was a
scientific consultant, so this one does not have the errors that many of these tend to have.
Nau, Elisabeth. Die Muenzen und Medaillen der Oberschwaebischen Staedte. Kricheldorf Verlag, Freiburg I. Br.,
1964.
Coins of Konstanz, Radolfzell, Ueberlinger, Buchhorn-Friedrichshafen, Ulm, Ravensburg, Biberach, Saulgau,
Tettnang, Tuttlingen, Rottweil, Isny, Wangen, Leutkirch, Kempten, Kaufbeuren, Memmingen. Each section
gives a brief history of the city with an old print of a map. All coins illustrated.
Navascues, Jorge de. Taifas Califas. II. Jarique de Numismatica Hispano-Arab, Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs de la
Diputacio de Lleida, Lleida, pp. 13-26, 1988.
Coins of the Muluk al-Tawa’if. Some are described with legends written out.
Naymark, A. I. The meaning of ‘Tamghas’ on Sogdian Coins. In: Nikonorov, V. P., Tsentral’naya Aziya ot
Akhemenidov do Timuridov: Arkheologiya, Istoriya, Etnologiya, Kul’tura, pp. 225-230, Sankt-Peterburg,
2005.
Discussion of the use of tamghas, with tables correlating tamgha types to approximate dates and legends.
Nechitailo, V. V. and S. L. Mikhailov. Katalog Antichnikh Monet Skifii, Berezani, Nikoniya, Tiry, Kerkinitidy/
Catalog of Ancient Coins of Scytnia, Nikonion, Isle of Berezan, Tyras and Kerkinitis. Kiev, 2000.
A small booklet with great line drawings of ancient coins from parts of the Ukraine. The legends are written
out, and there are even prices in two grades (with the conversion factor for German marks and U. S. dollars).
There is also a brief historical overview. Nice little book.
Nechitailo, V. V. Katalog Antichnikh Monet Ol’bii, VI v. do n.e. - III v. n.e./ Catalogue of Ancient Coins of
th rd
Olbia, 6 Century B.C. - 3 Century A.D. Otdel Numizmat, Kiev, 2000.
A fantastic catalogue of Olbian coins with line drawings, varieties, and great color plates. More than 700
different varieties are described and catalogued. It covers from the early dolphin coinage through Roman
Provincial coinage. The line drawings of very small types are enlarged. Very useful!
Nedashkovskii, L. F. Zolotoordynskii Gorod Ukek I ego Okruga/ The Golden Horde Town of Ukek and its
Environs. Vostochnaya Literatura RAN, Moscow, 2000.
Although primarily a very detailed summary of archaeological investigations of Ukek, the first chapter covers
coins found there, with one page of line drawings. There are lots of drawings of artifacts of different types and
a summary of coin hoards from around Ukek.
Nercessian, Y. T. Armenian Coins and their Values. Special Publication No. 8, Armenian Numismatic Society,
Los Angeles, 1995.
Catalogue of Armenian coins, including Armenian Kingdom of Sophene, Artaxiads of Armenia, Kingdom of
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Commagene, Cilician Armenia, and coins struck in Greater Armenia. Values in two grade. Brief historical
notes, full descriptions of coins, mediocre plates. Includes some Islamic coinage (trilingual Ilkhanid coins of
Abaqa, Seljuqs of Rum, etc.).
Neumann, E. Die Muenzen des Deutschen Ordens in Preussen, des Herzogtum Preussen, Westpreussen sowie die
Gepraege des Deutschen Ordens in Mergentheim 1235-1801. Numismatischer Verlag Schulten & Co., Koeln,
1987.
Catalogue of the German coins of the Teutonic Order struck in Prussia (1235-1525), the cities Danzig, Elbing
and Thorn (1457-1466), Dukes of Prussia (11525-1618), West Prussia under Poland (1525-1601), and Catholic
Teutonic Order in Mergentheim (1525-1801). The catalogue contains little in the way of historical overviews.
Every coin is photographed and fully described, with translations of legends and explanations of what the
various devices on the coins mean. Includes a good bibliography.
Neumann, Josef. Beschreibung der bekanntesten Kupfermuenzen. Volumes I - VI. Published by the Author,
Prague, 1858 (Volume I), 1861 (Volume II), 1863 (Volume III), 1865 (Volume IV), 1868 (Volume V), and
1872 (Volume VI). Reprinted by Johnson Reprint Company, New York, 1965 and 1966, with a seventh
volume index compiled by Lore Boerner, 1967.
A compilation of copper coins, medals, jetons, etc., with an extensive index for identification based on legends,
abbreviations and denominations. Areas covered are coins of Austria, Russia, France, Britain, Ireland and
German states (Volume I), Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Switzerland,
Italy and Turkey (Volume II), non-European coins (Volume III), English tokens and jetons (Volume IV), and
tokens and jetons of Austria, Russia, France and Germany (Volumes V and VI). All coins are completely
described. Few are illustrated.
Nicol, Norman D. Paul Balog's The Coinage of the Ayyubids: Additions and Corrections. The Numismatic
Chronicle, Volume 146. Published by the Royal Numismatic Society, London, 1986. Xerox Copy.
An extensive addition and correction to Balog's book, with many coins not listed in Balog.
Nicol, Norman D. Islamic Coinage in Imitation of Fatimid Types. Reprint from the Israel Numismatic Journal,
Volume 10, 1988.
Aghlabid, Midrarid, Mirdasid, Buwayhid, Hudid, Ghorid, Sulayhid, Zirid, Ayyubid, Chaghatayid, Numayrid
and 'Uqaylid imitations of Fatimid coins.
Nicol, Norman D. Standard Catalog of German Coins: 1601-present, including Colonial Issues. Krause
Publications, Iola, Wisconsin, 1994.
Standard Krause format. The best comprehensive treatment yet of all the German states, although there are
apparently gaps in some of the treatments of individual states. Also covers unified Germany after 1871 and
other modern issues.
Nicol, Norman D. A Corpus of Fatimid Coins. Giulio Bernardi, Trieste, 2006.
A magnificent work with 2720 Fatimid coins. The general typology is given at the beginning of each ruler,
with full legends written out in Arabic. Mint/date formulas and other variations are given under the individual
coins, with reference to the specific type. Most of the coins are photographed in high-quality black and white
plates at the end of the book.
Nicol, Norman D. Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean. Volume 6. The Egyptian Dynasties. Ashmolean
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Museum, Oxford, 2007.
Description and clear photographs of 1584 coins in the Ashmolean collection. Includes Tulunid, Ikhshidid,
Fatimid, Zengid, Ayyubid and Mamluk coins. Unlike previous volumes in this series, this one is organized by
dynasty, then ruler, then mint. Another exceptional addition to this series.
Nicol, Norman D. Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean. Volume 2. Early Post-Reform Coinage. Ashmolean
Museum, Oxford, 2009.
Description and clear photographs of 1634 coins in the Ashmolean collection. Includes Umayyad coins in all
metals, Abbasid revolutionary issues (AH 127-137) in silver and copper, and Abbasid copper issues. Abbasid
silver and gold will be covered in two forthcoming volumes. Organized by dynasty, as was the early Egyptian
volume.
Nicol, Norman D., Faarat el-Nabarawy, and Jere L. Bacharach. Catalog of the Islamic Coin, Glass Weights, Dies
and Medals in the Egyptian National Library, Cairo. Undena Publications, Malibu, California, 1982.
A listing of the complete collection of Islamic coins in the Khedivial collection in Cairo. The collection had
greatly expanded since Lane-Poole’s publication of the library holdings. Every coin is listed with mint, date,
weight and diameter, as well as cross-references to other catalogues. Few legends are written out, but
Umayyad and other coins have their annulet patterns and other design elements listed. There are several
indices by dynasty, mint, and date, and photographs of selected coins from the collection. One of the important
catalogues of collections of Islamic coins.
Nicolae, Eugen. Un lot de monede otomane din secolele XIV-XV in colectia Cabinetului numismatic al Institutului
de arheologie din Bucuresti. Studii si Cercetari de Numismatica, Volume IX, pp. 131-135, 1989. (Original
offprint. In Romanian)
The presentation of 15 Ottoman coins found in the Numismatic Cabinet of the Archaeological Museum of
Bucharest. It includes coins of Orhan through Bayezid II. All are silver, and none is especially rare, except
perhaps the Orhan. The photos are very good.
Nicolae, Eugen. Monedele de Tip Costesti-Garla. Pp. 89-104 In: Communications, Etudes et Notes, Symposium de
Numismatique Organise a l’Occasion du Centenaire de la Societe Numismatique Roumaine, Chisinau, 26-28
Novembre 2003, Editura Enciclopedica, Bucharest, 2005. Romanian with French summary.
Interesting medieval Romanian copper coins struck at Cotesti with pseudo-Arabic legends and tamgas, clearly
of Golden Horde influence. Nicolae postulates that they were struck from ca. 1359-1363, the latter date
corresponding to the opening of the mint in nearby Yangi Shahr.
Nikitin, A. B. Leninakanskii Klad i Podrazhaniya Monetam Khormizda IV v Zakavkaz’ye/ The Leninakin Hoard
and Imitations of Hormizd IV Coins from TransCaucasia. In: Monety i Medali,Sbornik Statei po Materialam
Kollektsii Otdela Numizmatiki, pp. 168-179, Gosudarstvennyi Muzei Izobrazitel’nykh Iskusstv im. A. S.
Pushkina, Moscow, 1996.
A hoard of Sasanian and Byzantine coins found in Armenia had ten imitation Hormizd IV drachms with the
inscription ZWZN’ instead of a mintmark. It is probably an Aramaic word for Drachm.
Nikulina, N. M. Iskusstvo Ionii i Akheminidskovo Irana/ Art of Ionia and Achaemenid Iran. Izdatel’stvo
Iskusstvo, Moscow, 1994.
A lavishly-produced book of art and coins from ancient Persia. Most of the artwork consists of carved seals,
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the majority of which have various animal motifs. All of the seals are shown both with the seal and with an
impression made from it. As a coin book, it’s not very useful, but the pictures are wonderful.
Noonan, Thomas S. The 1958 Dirham Hoard from Tartu in Estonia. American Numismatic Society Museum
Notes, Vol. 22, pp. 135-159, 1977.
Samanid, Musafirid or Sallarid, Abbasid, Buwayhid, Volga Bulghar coins found in Estonia. There are no coin
descriptions, but rather an analysis of possible trade routes based on this and other hoards.
Noonan, Thomas S. Ninth-Century Dirham Hoards from European Russia: A Preliminary Analysis. In: M. A. S.
Blackburn and D. M. Metcalf (eds.) Viking-Age Coinage in the Northern Lands: The Sixth Oxford Symposium
on Coinage and Monetary History, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 122, Oxford, pp. 47-
117, 1981. Reprinted in Thomas S. Noonan, The Islamic World, Russia and the Vikings, 750-900,
Ashgate/Variorum, Brookfield, Vermont, 1998.
The Devitsa hoard, first studied by Bykov but never completed, contained a large number of imitation Abbasid
coins that have been attributed to the Khazars. It also contained a large number of Abbasid dirhams from
eastern (Transoxianian) mints.
Noonan, Thomas S. A Ninth Century Dirham Hoard from Devitsa in Southern Russia. ANS Museum Notes, Vol.
27, pp. 185-209, 1982.
The hoard contained Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid, Governors of Tudgha, Idrisid, Aghlabid, and Irregular
Abbasid or Khazar coins. No coin descriptions, no photos.
Noonan, Thomas S. Why Dirhams First Reached Russia: The Role of Arab-Khazar Relations in the Development
of the Earliest Islamic Trade with Eastern Europe. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi, Volume 4, pp. 151-282,
1984. Reprinted in Thomas S. Noonan, The Islamic World, Russia and the Vikings, 750-900,
Ashgate/Variorum, Brookfield, Vermont, 1998.
This is a fantastic paper going into great detail on the history of Arab-Khazar relations. The Arabs and
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Khazars had been in conflict for more than a century when, in the early 9 century, the conflict ended. As a
result, Arabs and Khazars began serious trade relations, centered in Darband and in the Caucasus and the
coastal route of Atil. The trade eventually spread into Russia, bringing Arab dirhams with it. Great reading!
Noonan, Thomas S. The Regional Composition of Ninth-Century Dirham Hoards from European Russia.
Numismatic Chronicle, Volume 144, pp. 153-165, 1984. Reprinted in Thomas S. Noonan, The Islamic World,
Russia and the Vikings, 750-900, Ashgate/Variorum, Brookfield, Vermont, 1998.
An analysis of the mints and dates represented in different coin hoards known from Russia.
Noonan, Thomas S. Dirhams from Early Medieval Russia. J. Russian Numis. Soc., No. 17, pp. 8-12, Winter
1984/1985. Photocopy.
Conclusions pertaining to circulation of Islamic coins in Russia based on studies of coin hoards.
Noonan, Thomas S. Why the Vikings First Came to Russia. Jahrbuecher fuer Geschichte Osteuropas, Vol. 34, pp.
321-348, 1986. Reprinted in Thomas S. Noonan, The Islamic World, Russia and the Vikings, 750-900,
Ashgate/Variorum, Brookfield, Vermont, 1998.
The article begins by summarizing archaeological evidence for Scandinavians in northern Russia. The author
concludes that there were permanent settlements by the ninth century. He concludes that they went further into
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Russia in search of Islamic dirhams, because there was no indigenous source of silver in Scandinavia or Russia.
He then examines the distribution of dirham hoards from Russia and discusses trade between the east and west.
Noonan, Thomas S. Early ‘Abbasid Mint Output. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient,
Volume 29, pp. 113-175, 1986. Reprinted in Thomas S. Noonan, The Islamic World, Russia and the Vikings,
750-900, Ashgate/Variorum, Brookfield, Vermont, 1998.
An attempt to calculate the relative output of dirhams on an annual basis from several Abbasid mints based on
the percentage of coins from different mints found in hoards. There is a long introductory section on the
procedural pitfalls of trying to estimate mint production based on number of dies.
North, J. J. English Hammered Coinage, Volume 1. Early Anglo-Saxon to Henry III, c. 600-1272. Spink & Son,
London, 1980.
The second edition of this standard reference. Extensive plates.
North, J. J. English Hammered Coinage, Volume 2. Edward I to Charles II, 1272-1662. Spink & Son, Ltd,
London, 1975.
Second revised edition of this standard reference.
Noss, Alfred. Die Muenzen von Trier. Erster Teil. Zweiter Abschnitt. Beschreibung der Muenzen 1307-1556.
Peter Hansteins Verlag, Bonn, 1916. Reprinted by H. Th. Wenner, Osnabrueck, 1978.
The standard reference on the coinage of Trier from the reign of Balduin of Luxemburg to that of Johann V
von Isenburg. The book includes detailed historical treatments of each Archbishop who issued coins and
explains the circumstances surrounding the minting of most coin types. There are 32 plates of photographs of
over 500 individual coins. The standard reference.
Novak, John A. A Working Aid for Collectors of Annamese Coins. Ken and Creta Olmsted, Longview,
Washington, ND.
A key to identification of Annamese (Vietnamese) cash. All coins are illustrated, cross-referenced to other
catalogues, and identified by ruler with dates. There is no historical background, but he surveys the major
catalogues and points out which ones have a history included.
Nuetzel, Heinrich. Muenzen der Rasuliden nebst einem Abriss der Geschichte dieser jemenischen Dynastie.
Doctoral Dissertation originally published by W. Pormetter, Berlin, 1891. Translated into English and
expanded by Dr. Alfred Kinzelbach, Verlag Donata Kinzelbach, Mainz, 1987.
Bilingual (German and English on facing pages) history of the Islamic Rasulid dynasty of Yemen. 96 coins are
described in the original text, many with line drawings, all with full inscriptions in Arabic (not translated). The
translator included a description of a recent hoard of Rasulid coins, some previously unknown.
Nuetzel, Heinrich. Katalog der Orientalischen Muenzen der Koenigliche Museen zu Berlin. Erster Band: Die
Muenzen der Oestlichen Chalifen. W. Spemann, Berlin, 1898. Two-sided photocopy, green hard-thesis
binding.
Arab-Byzantine, types with Latin legends (Spain and Africa), Arab-Sasanian,Umayyad, Abbasid partisans,
Abbasid, and early coppers. Legends written out. Well indexed, decent plates.
Nuetzel, Heinrich. Katalog der Orientalische Muenzen der Koenigliche Museen zu Berlin. Zweiter Band: Die
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Muenzen der Muslimischen Dynastieen Spaniens und des westlichen Nordafrika. W. Spemann, Berlin, 1902.
Photocopy in green Egyptian hard binding, half leather.
Umayyad of Spain, other Spanish dynasties, Muwahhid, Nasrid, Aghlabid, Idrisid and contemporaries,
Midrarid, Zirid of Qayrawan, Hafsid, Merinid, Sa’dian, ‘Alawi.
Özden, Betül. Nadir Osmanli Sikke, Nisan ve Madalyalari/ Rare Ottoman Coins, Orders and Medals. Istanbul
Arkeoloji Muzeleri Koleksiyonu, Istanbul, 1999.
A well-produced catalogue that accompanied an exhibit of rare Ottoman material at the Istanbul
Archaeological Museum in 1999. It includes nice enlarged photos of one coin per Ottoman sultan, including
the dynastic founder Osman. Great example of a museum publication showing an overview of the coinage.
Oberlaender-Tarnoveanu, Ernest. Numismatical Contributions to the History of the South-Eastern Europe at the
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End of the 13 Century. Revue Roumaine d’ Histoire, Vol. XXVI, pp. 245-258, 1987.
Coinage and history of Saqci during Noghaid times. Has coins of Noghay Khan and Chaka Khan, as will as
anonymous issues with the Noghaid tamga. Very important.
Oberlaender-Tarnoveanu, Ernest. Byzantino-Tartarica - Le Monnayage dans la Zone des Bouches du Danube a la
Fin du XIIIe et au Commencement du XIVe Siecle. Il Mar Nero, Vol. 2, pp.191-214, 1995/1996.
Coins from Saqci and environs with Noghaid and Jujid (Golden Horde) tamgas. Includes line drawings and
photographs of several coin types, including Chaka Khan.
Oberlaender-Tarnoveanu, Ernest. The Coinage of the Genoese Settlements of the Western Black Sea Shore and on
the Danube. Peuce, Serie Noua II (XV), pp. 285-296, 2004.
A discussion of Genoese coinage mostly from Saqci. It includes the copper types with SATY within the four
quadrants of a Maltese cross, undetermined copper coins from the mouth of the Danube, and Golden Horde
dirhams countermarked with a cross with a bezant in each quarter, the coat of arms of Moncastro. This paper is
not a catalogue and includes few coin descriptions. It is a discussion of the history of Genoese influence in
Romania and the conflicting attributions of several of the coin types.
Oberlaender-Tarnoveanu, Ernest and Irina Oberlaender-Tarnoveanu. Contributii la Studiul Emisiunilor Monetare
si al Formatiumilor Politice din Zona Gurilor Dunarii in Secolele XIII-XIV. SCIVA (Studii de istorie veche si
arheologie), vol. 32(1), pp. 89-109, 1981. In Romanian, with French summary.
Bronze coinage from the area of the mouth of the Danube in Romania. It includes Noghaid (related to Golden
Horde) issues of Saqci and some Genoese issues. Includes line drawings and photographs, as well as full
descriptions of the coins.
Oka, M. . Taisei Koeki Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, 1966.
A nicely produced book in Japanese and English on crown-sized coins used in the Orient. Includes American
and British Trade Dollars, Straits Settlements, Cambodia, Thailand, Tibet, China, Formosa, Korea, Japan,
Philippines, French Cochin China and Ino China, Hong Kong, Mexican Trade Dollars, Outer Mongolia,
Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia), Russia. Very nice photographs, values in three grades (in 1966 Yen).
Olcer, Y. Muh. Cuneyt. Son Alti Osmanli Padisahi Zamaninda Istanbulda Basilan Gumus Paralar. Yenilik
Basimevi, Istanbul, 1966. Olcer #1
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Coinage of the last Ottoman Sultans of Turkey, beginning with Abdul Mejid (1839-1861) and ending with
Muhammed VI (1918-1923). Includes mintage figures and photographs, but written in Turkish. Most useful in
that Olcer breaks down the Toughras of each sultan into component parts and shows how to read them.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Yildirim Bayezid'in Ogullarina Ait Akce ve Mangirlar. Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul, 1968. Bound
with Monographs on Turkish Coinage. Olcer #2.
The coins of the sons of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid. Includes Suleiman Celebi, Musa Celebi, Mustafa Celebi
and Mehmet I. Nice historical treatment, full descriptions of all coins. Many plates.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Sultan Mahmud II Zamaninda Darp Edilen Osmanli Madeni Paralari. Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul,
1970. Bound with Monographs on Turkish Coinage. Olcer #3.
The coins of the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II (1808-1839). Good historical treatment, drawings or photographs
of all coins. Each coin is fully described with Arabic and transliterated legends.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Sovyet Rusya Muzelerindeki (Moskova ve Leningrad) Nadir Osmanli Madeni Paralari (Rare
Ottoman Coins at Soviet Russian Museums (Moscow and Leningrad). Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul, 1972.
Olcer #4.
Rare Ottoman coins from 26 mints. Mostly middle and late periods.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Nakish Osmanli Mangirlari/The Ornamental Copper Coinage of the Ottoman Empire. Yenilik
Basimevi, Istanbul, 1975. Olcer #5.
Detailed treatment of the copper coinage of the Ottoman Empire, mostly in Turkish, but with an English
summary. There are line drawings of over 1000 coins with photographs of perhaps half.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Ottoman Coinage during the Reign of Sultan Abdulmecid Han. Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul, 1978.
Olcer #6.
Detailed treatment of the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Mejid (1255-1277/1839-1861). Covers Turkey (including
Edirne), Egypt and Tunisia. There is a good history in English, including the development of the Turkish
calendar.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Sultan Abdulaziz Han Devri Osmanli MadeniParalari/Ottoman Coinage During the Reign of
Sultan Abdulaziz Han. Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul, 1979. Olcer #7.
Detailed treatment of the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Aziz (1861-1876). Good historical treatment, drawings or
photographs of all coins.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Karaman Ogullari Beyligi Madeni Paralari/Coinage of the Karamanids. Yenilik Basimevi,
Istanbul, 1982. Illustrated by Garo Kurkman. Olcer #8.
The coinage of the Islamic Turkish Karamanid/Qaramanid Beylik. Excellent historical overview, line drawings
and complete descriptions of coins with Arabic legends written out and transliterated. Excellent maps showing
geographical extent of the Anatolian beyliks over time. Twelve photographic plates.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Avrupa muzelerinde Nadir Osmanli Madeni Paralari (Kopenhag, Budapeste, Ashmolean, Viyana,
Munih, Berlin, Leningrad)/Rare Ottoman Coins at European Museums. Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul, 1984.
Olcer #9
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Important collections of Ottoman coins from seven museums. Includes Selim I to Abdul Mejid. There are
good indices arranged both chronologically and by mints (26), as well as separate listings for each museum.
Strong in middle-period coinage. Line drawings and transliterations of legends for each coin, as well as
photographic plates. Includes one Germiyan coin.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Coinage of the Emirates of Aidin. Emirates of Theologues/Ephesus. Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul,
1985. Olcer #10.
Great history of the Islamic Turkish beylik of Aydin. Line drawings of coins, but no descriptions or
explanation of legends. Four photographic plates. Includes some early Ottoman pieces.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Darphane Muzesi Osmanli Madeni Paralari Katalogu/ Catalogue of Ottoman Coins in the
National Mint Museum. Damga Matbaasi, Istanbul, 1985.
A listing of Ottoman coins in the museum, with all mint and date combinations. There are 67 mints represented
and a table at the end listing all sultans who represented by each mint. There are no descriptions of coins, but
there are line drawings of many major types. Good for the listing of mints, but not for reading the coins.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Sultan Murad V ve Sultan Abdulhamid II Donemi Osmanli Madeni Paralari. Yenelik Basimevi,
Istanbul, 1986. Olcer #11.
Coinage of two of the later Ottoman sultans. In Turkish.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Sultan Mehmed Resad ve Sultan Mehmed Vahdeddin Donemi Osmanli Madeni Paralari. Yenilik
Basimevi, Istanbul, 1987. Olcer #12.
The coinage of the last two Ottoman sultans, Mehmed V and Mehmed VI. Many photographs. Text in
Turkish.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Sultan Yavuz Selim Sah bin Bayazid Han Donemi Osmanli Sikkeleri. Yenelik Basimevi, Istanbul,
1989. Olcer #13.
The coinage of the Ottoman sultan Selim I (1512-1520). Includes line drawings and photographs of all types,
mints and dates known from Selim I. Only a few legends are completely written out, although most can be read
from the line drawings. No English summaries.
Olcer, Cuneyt. Sultan Mahmut II Zamaninda Darp Edilen Osmanli Madeni Paralari (3 No.'lu Kitaba Ek.
Istanbul, 1990. Olcer #3/II
A supplement to Olcer #3, coinage of the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II. It includes few line drawings and some
rather poor photographic plates. Expands on date, mint and denomination combinations from earlier main
work.
(Oldenburg, J. F. H.) Beskrifning Ofver J. F. H. Oldenburgs Samling af Svenska, Svenska Besittningarnes och
Landtgrefven Fredriks (Konung Fredrik I) Hessiska Mynt. Originally Published Stockholm, 1883. Facsimile
Reprint byL. M. Bjorkquist, Orebro, no date.
A catalogue of one of the most important collections of Swedish coins ever assembled. It covers all Swedish
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coins from the 10 century on, Swedish possessions, and coins issued by German cities occupied by the
Swedes. It gives full descriptions of the coins, with legends, but there are no photos or illustrations.
Oliver, E. E. The Coins of the Chaghatai Mughals. Journal, Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. LX, Part I, pp. 8-16,
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1891. Photocopy.
A description of 34 coins of the Chaghatayid Mongols in response to the BMC collection's only having three
coins. There are not enough coins for full legends to be gleaned, as all those described by the author have only
partial legends. Plates of line drawings included.
Oliver, Tony. Twenty Centuries of Coins: Thailand’s Currency through the Ages. White Lotus, Bangkok, 1978.
A good overview of the history of Thai coinage. Includes drawings of marks on bullet coinage and a good
discussion about the earlier Tok coinage types. Has valuations of coins as well in several grades, although
obviously out of date.
Opitz, Charles J. Odd & Curious Money, Descriptions and Values, Second Edition. First Impressions Printing,
Ocala, Florida, 1991.
An overview of all types of odd and curious forms of money with valuations. Covers the entire world. The
standard reference on the subject.
Oreshnikov, A. V. Russkie Monety do 1547 Goda/Russian Coins up to the year 1547. Originally published in
Moscow, 1896. Reprinted by Arkheograficheskii Tsentr, Moscow, 1996.
A nicely-produced catalogue of early Russian coinage. Has a few ancient coins and coins of all the Russian
principalities preceding Ivan. Nice photograpic plates. Much better than the average Russian production.
Orlov, A. P. Monety Rossii, 1700-1917. Ipka Pablisiti, Minsk, 1994.
A reference on the post-wire kopek coins of the Russian Czars. Includes coins in all metals. Illustrated. With
appendices that explain the early dating system, different edge types, bibliography, etc. Very little text.
Ostrup, J. Catalogue des Monnaies Arabes et Turques du Cabinet Royal des Medailles du Musee National de
Copenhague. Librairie Levin & Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1938. Two-sided photocopy, velo binding.
A catalogue of 3184 Islamic coins in the Copenhagen museum. The coin descriptions do not have Arabic
legends, but many have tranliterated legends included in the descriptions. There are seven photographic plates
of coins. Includes a nice listing organized by dynasty showing which mints are included in each. About 70
dynasties covered.
O'Sullivan, William. The Earliest Irish Coinage. The National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, 1969. Originally
published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Volume 79, 1949.
A treatise on Hiberno-Norse coinage, with extensive plates, descriptions of various types, and a historical
overview.
Pachkalov, A. V. Nebol’shoi Klad Serebryanykh Zolotoordynskikh Monet Nachala XV v. s Selitrennovo
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Gorodishcha/ A Small Hoard of Silver Coins of the Golden Horde from the Beginning of the 15 Century from
the Site of Selitrennoe. Drevnosti Povolzh’ya i Drugikh Regionov, Vypusk III. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik,
Tom II, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 19-23, 2000.
Ten Golden Horde Dirhams of Shadi Beg and Pulad from Orda al-Jadid, Orda, Kaffa Jadid, and Hajji Tarkhan.
Arabic inscriptions written out in text, line drawings of all ten coins.
Pachkalov, A. V. Numizmatika Sygnaka/ The Coins of Sighnaq. Desyataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya
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Konferentsiya, Pskov, 15-20 April, 2002, pp. 87-89, 2002.
A list of all known rulers and dates of coins from the Sighnaq mint of the Golden Horde, as well as a list of
where such coins have been found. The coins are in silver and copper, and there is a line drawing of an
anonymous copper type dated 727.
Pachkalov, A. V. “Mificheskiye” i Nedostovernye Monetnye Dvory Dzhuchidov/ “Mythical” and Apocryphal Mints of
the Jujids. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik GIM, Volume XVII, Moscow, pp. 134-142, 2005.
Mints either non-existent or falsely attributed to the Golden Horde in the literature. Ba;lam. Ba;lj. Bashgar,
Bilyar, Jullad, Idil, Kabarda Jadid, Keferda, Keferdscha, Kemerda, Kemerdscha, Kesariya, Kungur, Kyat,
Makhan, Merv,Oruntiya, Rajan, Rajar, Rachan, Rakhan, Rakhar, Arjan,Ranadjin, Rusid, Sari-Kerman al-Jadid,
Serir, Sibir’, Sivas, Suvar, Sham, Sheikhun, Shongat.
Pachkalov, A. V. Novaya Russkoyazychnaya Literatura po Numizmatike Zolotoi Ordy/ New Russian-Language
Literature on the Golden Horde. Pp. 153-161 In: Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii.
Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005,
V - MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
A list of references on the Golden Horde, most from the year 2000 and later.
Pakholko, Stepan, Ol’ga Martin and Oleksandr Mel’nik. Muzichna Kul’tura Zakhidnoi Ukraini y Faleristichnikh
Pam’yatkakh Drugoi Polovini XIX - Pershoi Polovini XX Stolit’/ The Music Culture of Western Ukraine in
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Medals from the Endo fhte 19 - Beginning of the 20 Centuries. Numizmatika i Faleristika, Number 2, pp.
22-25, 2006.
Photographs of really nice medals with musical theme. Most have bandura, but thee are also lyres and other
instruments.
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Pakhomov, E. A. Neizdanniya Gruzinskaya Monety XI Veka/ Unknown Georgian Coins of the 11 Century. Izvestiya
Kavkazkogo Muzeya, Tom. IV, pp. 150-153, 1908-1909
Four silver coins from Georgia. There is one of Georgii II (1072-1112) , and there are three of David II (1089-
1125).
Pakhomov, E. A. Monetnye Klady Azerbaidzhana i Zakavkaz’ya/ Coin Hoards in Azerbaijan and the Caucasus.
Travaux de la Societe Scientifique d’Azerbaidjan, Volume 3, pp. 1-100, 1926.
A listing of 299 coin hoards. Each entry lists the place and date of find along with total number of coins and
general information about the dynasties found. No coin descriptions and no details of rulers, mints or dates
found in the hoards. References to original citations, where more details might be found.
Pakhomov, E. A. Klady Azerbaidzhana i Drugikh Respublik i Kraev Kavkaza, Bypusk II/ Hoards from Azerbaijan and
other Republics in the Caucasus, Part II. Trudy Instituta Istorii, Yzyka i Literatury, Volume II/41, Baku,
1938.
The second of eight works collecting all the coin hoards from Azerbaijan and neighboring areas. Hoards
numbers 300-638. Some of the listings have more information about mints and dates of coins found.
Pakhomov, E. A. Monety Azerbaidzhana. Akademiya Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Institut Istorii, Baku, 1959.
Sasanian, Umayyad and Abbasid coins, including copper, from Azerbaijan and Armenian mints. In Russian,
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with Arabic inscriptions. No drawings or photos.
Pakhomov, E. A. Moneti Gruzii/Coins of Georgia. Akademiya Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR, Tbilisi, 1970.
One of the most important books on the coinage of medieval Georgia. It includes many types that are not in
Lang or Kapanadze. It includes both Islamic and non-Islamic issues, with relatively complete descriptions of
the coins in the text. There are several plates of photographs. A wonderful book!
Pakkert, Aureliusz. The Copper Coins of Independent Khwaresm 1917-1919. Journal of the Russian Numismatic
Society, Number 54, pp. 12-27, Spring, 1994.
A detailed analysis of varieties of 2 ½, 5 and 15 tenga copper/brass coins from Khwarezm. It is much more
detailed that Krause. There are photos of each variety and table showing the main differences among die
varieties. The types are distinguished by “mint marks”, number of sunbeams, obverse and reverse rim designs,
date, placement of date on obverse and reverse, and whether it has a coin or medal orientation.
Pamuk, Sevket. A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000.
A very detailed analysis of monetary history of the Ottoman empire with good information on different
currency zones and monetary policy in outlying areas. A few nice photographs of coins including a wonderful
Akche of Orhan from Bursa dated AH 727. Also nice map showing distribution of mint cities, tables exchange
rates at different times.
Panin, E. V. Novyi Tip Danga Khadzhi-Tarkhana c Imenem Pulad-Khana i Datirovka Anonimnogo Pula etogo zhe
Dvora/ A New Type of Dang from Hajji Tarkhan with the Name Pulad Khan and the Dating of an Anonymous
Pul of that Mint. P. 73 In: In: Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii. Monety i
Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005, V - MNK
Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
The Dang (dirham) is from the Golden Horde ruler Pulad Khan, who ruled from 810-813. The reverse has
zarb Hajji Tarkhan around a central pellet. The reverse is identical to an anonymous Pul previously attributed
to the time of Toqtamish. There are good photographs of both coins in the photographic plates.
Panish, Charles K. Early Coinage of Bhutan. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 17, pp. 247-254, 1971.
History of Bhutan and a description of the coins issued there. The coins were issued from 1785-1930 and are
derived from types from Cooch Behar in India. 24 coins are photographed.
Pataridze, Maia and Giorgi Janjgava. Rare Coins of the Trebizond Empire. Gamomcemloba Artanuji,Tbilisi, 2006.
(In Georgian, with English translation by Irakli Paghava).
Description of 15 copper and silver coins of the Trebizond Empire, patterned after Byzantine prototypes.
Excellent drawings dissecting the various legends, good historical overview of the importance of the coins, nice
color photos of the coins and other color plates throughout.
Patsia, David and Irakli Paghava. The Georgian Coins of Jalal al-Din Mankburni. Erovnuli Mtserloba, Tbilisi, 2009.
(Bilingual, in Georgian and English).
The copper coinage of the last ruler of the Khwarizmshahs, Jalal al-Din Mangubarni. Jalal al-Din held Tiflis
(Tbilisi) from 1226-1230, when it was then taken by the Georgians. There are very nice photographs of 22
coins. Many are overstruck on earlier coins of Georgian rulers. Nice book on a relatively neglected area of
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Georgian numismatics.
Pauwels, G. Les Monnaies de Gaule Belgique. Numismatic Pocket No. 12, De Mey, Brussels, 1971.
Celtic coinage of Gallic Belgium, including Atrebates, Ambiani, Parisii, and others.
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Pavlenko, V. M. Madzharskii Klad Dangov Kontsa XIV v./ A Horde of Dangs of the end of the 14 Century from
Majar. Pp. 68-69 In: Pyatnadtsataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsia, Gosudarstvennyi
Istoricheskii Muzei, Moscow, 2009.
A small hoard of 14 silver dangs (dirhams) including nine examples of a rare type of Toqtamish, Majar 792
(photo), and two examples of Beg Pulad, Ordu al-Jadida 793.
Pavlov, L. P. Numismatic Tables (with Illustrations). Illustrations of Rare Russian Coins from 1425 to 1916.
Originally published in Petrograd, 1916. Reprinted in Moscow, 1990. In Russian.
20 loose tables with line drawings and summaries of periods of Russian coinage. Includes valuations in
Russian currency from 1916.
Pavo, Elemer. Török penzek a hodoltsag kori Magyarorszagon/ Ottoman Coins that Circulated in Hungary.
Magyar Numizmatikai Tarsulat, Budapest(?), 1986. In Hungarian, with English summary.
An introduction to Ottoman coinage emphasizing issues that circulated in Hungary. There are line drawings of
several hundred coins with legends transliterated in a table in the body of the book. The index has mint names
written in Arabic, and there are decent maps in the text. There seems to be some good history as well.
Peck, C. Wilson. English Copper, Tin and Bronze Coins in the British Museum, 1558-1958, Second Edition,
Trustees of the British Museum, London, 1964.
A comprehensive catalogue of English copper coins, including patterns. No tokens and no imitation regal
coinage. Includes 50 plates. The standard reference.
Pere, Nuri. Osmanlilarda Madeni Paralar/Coins of the Ottoman Empire. Istanbul, 1968
A catalogue of the collection of Ottoman coins in the Yapi ve Kredi Bankasi, Turkey. More than 1150 coins
and medals fully described with legends in Arabic (with voweling), transliterated and translated (into Turkish).
Every coin is photographed. With Jem Sultan, the standard reference.
Perk, Haluk, and Husnu Ozturk. Ilhanli Hukumdari Ebu Said Bahadir Han Adina Kesilmis Olan Canda4rogullari
Beyligi Sikke Definesi. Ozel Sayi No. 4, Turkish Numismatic Society Publications, Istanbul, 2003.
A study of coins of the Candarogul (Isfendiyarid) Beylik in the name of the Ilkhan Abu Sa’id. The publication
describes 79 coins, of which 56 were struck without mint name, the remainder from Borlu and Kastamonu.
Every coin has a nice line drawing, a full reading of the legends in transliterated Arabic, and an enlarged
photograph.
Perk, Haluk and Husnu Ozturk. Anadolu Sikke Monografileri I/ Anatolian Coins Monographies I. Anadolu Sikkeleri
Serisi I. Haluk Perk Muzesi Yayinlari, Istanbul, 2007. Bilingual (English and Turkish)
This is a collection six papers by the authors on Anatolian numismatics.
1. Mentese Beyligine Ait Erken Donem Sikkeler Ile Iki Yeni Darp Yeri: Finike ve Makri/The Coins of Early
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Period of Principality of Menteshe and the Two New Mints: Finike and Makri. Pp. 1-50
Descriptions of 55 coins, all photographed plus line drawings to illustrate types, from three mints -
Finike, Makri and Milas. Many are lion and sun types similar to the Rum Seljuq prototype. In the
names of the Rum Seljuq rulers ‘Ala al-Din Kayqubad III (dated AH 698 and 700) and Ghiyath al-Din
Ma’sud II (dated 702-703).
2. Selcuklu Devletinin Son Donemlerinde Sahibata Ogullari’na Tabi Sehirlerde Darp Edilen Sikkeler:
Baklan, Sarikavak, Karahisar/ The Coins Struck in the Cities of Sahibata-Oghullari during the Last Period of
Seljuqs: Baklan, Sarikavak, Karahisar. Pp. 51-78
Sahibata Fakhr al-Din ‘Ali was a Seljuq Vizier in the Afyon province and its vicinity, and his
grandsons were conquered by the Germiyan. These are 19 coins found Honaz.One coin from Baklan,
dated 699, is anonymous. Four from there are in the name of the Ilkhan Ghazan Mahmud (three dated
699, one date missing). Three undated coins from Karahisar are in the name of the Rum Seljuq ruller
‘ala al-Din Kayqubad III, and three dated 699 in the name of Ghazan Mahmud. Eight coins from
Sarikavak are in the name of Kayqubad III, four dated 700, four with no date.
3. Beylikler Donemi Sikkelerinde Gorulen “Baha” Damgasi ve Karamanoglu Musa Bey/ The Countermark
‘Baha” Seen on the Beylik Period Coins and Karamanid Musa Beg. Pp. 79-100
Fifteen variations on the countermark ‘Baha” on coins of Nasir al-Din Muhammad and the Ilkhan Abu
Sa’id. Probably used by the Karamanid Baha al-Din Musa Beg
4. XIV. Yuzyilin Ilk Yarisinda Anadolu’daki Paralar Uzerinde Gorulen Bir Kisim Damgalar/ Some
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Countermarks Seen on the Anatolian Coins During the First Half of the 14 Century. Pp. 101-132
Three countermarks with inscriptions, three with floral/geometric designs, four with a lion, leopard or
dog, four with non-predatory birds, three with birds of prey, a double headed eagle, three with goat,
deer or gazelle, two with a donkey, two with portraits, one with a hunter and falcon.
5. Bermiyanoglu Suleyman sah’a Ait Gumus Bir Sikke Definesi ve Bu Donem Sikkeleerin Agirlik Standarti/ A
Silver Coin Hoard Belonging to Germiyanid Sulayman Shah and Weight Standard of these Coins. Pp. 133-
160
Forty coins, each photographed and described, plus a weight that is twice the weight of the average of
the coins. All of the Germiyan ruler Sulayman Shah.
6. Bitlis Definesi/ Bitlis Hoard. Pp. 161-233
A hoard of 52 coins, all photographed, many with line drawings, and fully described. Includes three
of the Kurdish Sharaf Khans (Bidlis mint), 23Ayyubids of Hisn Keyfa (one with Hasbi Allah
countermark, one with Aq Qoyunlu tamga countermark, several with Bidlis countermark, one with
Mush countermark, one with knot countermark), 24 Aq Qoyunlu (several with Bidlis c/m, one with
knot, two with Mush), and two of the Qara Qoyunlu.
Perk, Haluk and Husnu Ozturk. Some Coins Struck at Sivas: The Last Years of Ilkhanids in Anatolia, Mamluks and
the Rising of Eretnid Dynasty. Pp. 183-194 In: Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii.
Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005,
V - MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
Nice history of the transition from Ilkhan to Eretnid rule in Sivas. Five coins from Sivas, 738 - 742 are shown
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with line drawings and full Arabic/Uighur legends to illustrate.
Perk, Haluk and Husnu Ozturk. Eretna Kadi Burhanettin ve Erzincan (Mutahhaten) Erifligi Sikkeleri/ Eretnid,
Burhanid and Amirate of Arzinjan (Mutahharten) Coins. Anadolu Sikkeleri Serisi II. Haluk Perk Muzesi
Yayinlari, Istanbul, 2008. Bilingual (English and Turkish)
The most complete treatment yet of coins of the Eretnids, along with the Burhanids and Mutahharten. The first
part of the book is an extensive history and typology of Eretnid coins, coins struck by Eretnids in the name of
Mamluk sultans, Eretnid copper coins, Burhanid and Mutahharten coins, a table of mints, with rulers and dates
from each mint, a map showing mint locations, and a description of 34classes of countermarks. There follows
a catalogue of coins of the three dynasties with photographs, line drawings and original plus transliterated
legends. Finally, the end of the book has an article or chapter on coins struck at Sivas: The Last Years of
Ilkhanids in Anatolia, Mamluks and the Rising Eretnid Dynasty. An very well done and important work.
Petranyi, Gyula. More on Ottoman Coins Minted in Cyprus with a Tentative Typology. Cyprus Numismatic
Society’s Numismatic Report, Vol. XXVI-XXVII, pp. 49-57, 1995-1996.
The author provides an excellent description of two types each of Kibris aches of Mehmed III and Ahmed I,
and one type of Murad IV based on an analysis of all extant specimens that he has been able to locate. He also
provides drawings of the different calligraphic styles in which the mint name is written.
Petranyi, Gyula. The Larger Ottoman Coin Denomination Minted in Cyprus. Cyprus Numismatic Socitey’s
Numismatic Report, Vol. XXVIII-XXX, pp. 49-52, 1997-1999.
Description of a larger denomination of silver coin from the reign of Ahmed I minted in Kibris. The coin has a
tughra on the obverse, while the reverse has ‘zarb’ in a cartouche with KIBRIS and the date below, ‘azz
nasrahu above. Because the weight is approximately five times that of an akche, the author suggests that the
denomination is a Beshlik (= 5 Akches), although he points out that Rolf Ehlert has suggested they could be
Shahis.
Petranyi, Gyula. Kibris’in Osmanli Sikkeleri/ The Ottoman Coinage of Cyprus. Arkeoloji ve Sanat, Volume 95,
pp. 46-48, 2000.
The author describes four types and two subtypes of silver akche from the extremely rare Ottoman mint of
Qibris/Kibris (Cyprus). They are from the reigns of Mehmet III, Ahmed I, and Murad IV. He includes full
descriptions of the coins in the test with transliterated legends plus excellent line drawings of each type and
subtype. The article is bilingual (Turkish and English). Good work. Now to find one of the coins.
Petranyi, Gyula. Ottoman Coins Minted in Cyprus. Pp. 1285-1288 In: Bernd Kluge and Bernhard Weisser (eds.),
Proceedings of the XII. Internationaler Numismatischer Kongress Berlin 1997, Berlin, 2000.
A summary of the author’s work on a comprehensive listing of all Ottoman coins from the Kibris/Qibris mint
on Cyprus. This article provides descriptions and line drawings of each type with numbers of examples known
and metrological data. As usual, nice thorough work, well presented.
Petranyi, Gyula, and G. Pitsillides. Two ‘Kibris’ Akches Discovered in Cyprus. Cyprus Numismatic Society’s
Numismatic Report, Vol. XXVI-XXVII, pp. 45-48, 1995-1996.
A Mehmet III and an Ahmed I akche from the Kibris/Qibris mint were found on the island of Cyprus. This is
the first instance in which the provenance was known to be from Cyprus. The coins are not die-linked with any
other known extant specimens.
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Petrie, A. E. H. An Illustrated Guide to Chinese Cash Pieces of the Manchu Mints A. D. 1662-1796. Collectors
Research Monograph, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1964.
A brief history of the first part of the Ch’ing dynasty in China, with a pictorial guide to the meaning of the
characters on early Ch’ing coinage, description of mints, a list of all mints known to have been used by each
emperor, photographs, and a map of the different mints.
Petrov, P. N. Klad Serebryanykh Pozolochennykh Dinarov Velikikh Sel’dzhukov/ A Hoard of Gold-Plated Silver
Dinars of the Great Seljuqs. Epigrafika Vostoka, Vol. XXIII, pp. 52-56, 1985.
Great Seljuq coins of Malik Shah, Sanjar, and Muhammad from Serakhs, Balkh, and Herat. Good coin
descriptions, with line drawings of calligraphic styles and ornaments. There are also photos. Arabic legends
are written out in text.
Petrov, P. N. Zolotoordynskii Monetnyi Dvor Kurmish?/ Golden Horde Coins Struck in Kurmish?. Moskovskoye
Numizmaticheskoye Obshchestvo, Numizmaticheskii Sbornik No. 2, pp. 62-67, 1992.
A description of coins of Birdi Beg (Golden Horde) apparently struck at the Kurmish mint in Russia. Line
drawings and reconstructions of complete legends.
Petrov, P. N. Nakhodki Dzhuchidskikh Monet na Territorii Nizhegorodskoi Oblasti/ Hoards of Jujid Coins from
Territory in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Drevnosti Nizhegorodskovo Povolzh’ya, Vypusk II.
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom I, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 9-24,
1997.
A list of hoards and references. No coins described. Golden Horde.
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Petrov, P. N. Klad Chagataidskikh Mednykh Monet XIV Veka/ A Hoard of Chaghatayid Copper Coins of the 14
Century. Drevnosti Nizhegorodskovo Povolzh’ya, Vypusk II. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom I, Istoriko-
Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 135-149., 1997.
Chaghatayid copper coins from Bukhara, Samarqand, Karshi, Termez/Tirmidh and Kesh, dated 754-761 and
without dates. Arabic legends are written out in the text, and there are tables of cartouches and tamgas. There
are photos on plates in the back of the volume.
Petrov, P. N. Monety i Denezhnoe Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. Numizmatika
No. 1, inside front cover, October, 2003.
Reconstruction of a remarkable large copper coin of Khwarizm dated either 668 or 768. First described and
incorrectly read by Fedorov-Davidov in 1998. Lutz Ilisch read coin subsequent to this article in Islamic Coin
Group, 1/5/2004. Sufid issue of AH 768.
Petrov, P. N. Ocherki po Numizmatike Mongol’skikh Gosudarstv XIII-XIV Vekov/ A Survey of the Numismatics of
the Mongol States, 13th-14th Centuries. Published by the Author, Nizhny Novgorod, 2003.
Actually three works by the author in one volume. The first section is on “black” dirhams from Otrar. These
include those with the name Mongke Khan and those with the epithets khani and yarli khani. The chapters
include descriptions of two hordes with metrological analysis and full description of coin types. The second
chapter is a thorough analysis of hordes of early Ilkhan coinage, including bow-type dirhams and ka’ani
dirhams, mostly from Marw, but also Tus, Nishapur, Khabushan, Astarabad, Tabriz and others followed by
many types of Arghun, Ghazan Mahmud and Abaqa. There are many previously undescribed types and an
attempt at a chronology. The third chapter deals with the numismatic history of Khwarizm and Termez
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including the Golden Horde issues of Khwarizm. This is a fantastic publication with the clearest, highest
quality coin photos I have ever seen in a numismatic work from anywhere. Very important work.
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Petrov, P. N. Nakhodki Monet XIV v. bliz Khorgosa/ Finds of Coins of the 14 Century near Khorgosa. Monety i
Medali, Volume II, Gosudarstvennyi Muzei Izobrazitel’nykh Iskusstv im. L. S. Pushkina, pp. 169-238, 2004.
A description and analysis of 129 Chaghatayid coins from Kashgar, Bukhara, Otrar, Termez, and Samarqand.
They include the reigns of Mas’ud Bek, Kibak Khan, Tarmashirin, Changshi, and Yesun Timur. Very good
line drawings of each coin and Pavel’s usual outstanding, crystal-clear photographs.
Petrov, P. N. Klad Abbasi vremen Shakha Sefi/ A Hoard of Abbasis from the time of Shah Safi. Numizmatika No.
8, pp. 18-23, July, 2005.
Coins of Abbas I and Safi I of the Safavid dynasty, AH 1027-1040. Mints include Erevan, Tabriz, Fiflis,
Rasht, Baghdad, Ardabil, Ganja, Shemakhi. Discusses variations in legends and provides nice photographs.
Petrov, P. N. Tamgi na Monetakh Mongol’skikh Gosudarstv XIII-XIV vv. kak Znaki Sobstvennosti/ Tamgas on Coins
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of the Mongols in the 13 -14 Centuries as Signs of Ownership. Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh
Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii, Rossiiskaya Akademiy Nauk, Moscow, pp. 170-177, 2005.
Analysis of Mongol coins with a variety of tamgas.
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Petrov, P. N. Badakhshan XIII - XIV vv. pod Vlast’yu Mongol’skikh Khanov/ Badakhshan in the 13 - 14 Centuries
under the Mongol Khans’ Rule. In: Memoirs of the Oriental Department of the Russian Archaeological
Society, New Series, Volume II (XXVII), St. Petersburg, pp. 496-540, 2006.
Catalogue of coins struck in Badakhshan under the Mongols (Great Khans and Chaghatayids) from 618/1221 -
771-1370. Full descriptions plus photographs. Important work.
Petrov, P. N. K Yubileyu V. P. Lebedeva/ On the Birthday of V. P. Lebedev. Numizmatika No. 12, pp. 62-64,
November 2006.
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A tribute to Valentin Petrovich Lebedev on the occasion of his 70 birthday. It includes a brief biography and
a list of his publications. The list id divided into Coins of Qrim, Numismatics of the Caucasus, Numismatics of
Central Asia, Numismatics of the Golden Horde.
Petrov, P. N. And S. V. Akindinov. Ob Odnoi Mednoi Monete 670 g.kh. Goroda Sairama/ On a Copper Coin dated
670 AH from the City of Sairam. Numizmatika No. 18, p. 33, August, 2008.
A Chaghatayid copper dirham (originally silver washed?) from the time of Qaidu with the heretofore unknown
mint of Sairam. Coin is ZENO 37390).
Petrov, P. N. and V. A Belyaev. K Voprosy o Personalizatsii Tamg na Monetakh Chagataiskogo Ulusa/ On Questions
of Personal Tamgas on Coins of the Chaghatayid Dynasty. Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh
Konferentsii, Rossiiskaya Akademiy Nauk, Moscow, pp. 79-85, 2005.
Analysis of tamgas on Mongol coins.
Petrov, P. N. and V. G. Koshevar. Klad No. 5 i Otdel’nye Numizmaticheskie Nakhodki iz Kirgizii. Numizmatika
No. 1, pp. 22-27, October, 2003.
Description of a hoard of Chaghatayid coins from before and after the monetary reform of Mas’ud Bek and an
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analysis of its significance. Nice photos of several coin types.
Petrov, P. N. and K. D. Smychkov. Novye Dannye o Klade Monet Velikikh Sel’dzhhukov/ New Information on a
Hoard of Coins of the Great Seljuqs. Drevnosti Nizhegorodskovo Povolzh’ya, Vypusk II. Numizmaticheskii
Sbornik, Tom I, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 117-134, 1997.
An analysis of an additional 23 coins in the hoard discussed by Petrov in 1985. These are gold-plated silver
dirhams from the reigns of Malik Shah and Sanjar from the Samarqand, Merw/Marw, Herat and Balkh mints.
As in the earlier work, Arabic legends are written out and there are tables of ornaments.
Petrov, P. N., and K. D. Smychkov. Klad Serebryanikh Pozolochennikh Dinarov Velikikh Sel’dzhkov (Chast’
2)/A Hoard of Gilt Silver Dinars of the Great Seljuqs (Part 2). Vostochnoe Istoricheskoe Istochnikovedeniye i
Spetsial’nie Istoricheskie Distsipliny Vol. 5, Moscow, pp. 230-242, 1997.
Description of a hoard of Great Seljuq dinars. Line drawings, one photo, legends written out.
Petrov, V. I. Catalogue des Monnaies Russes de tous les Princes, Tsars et Empereurs depuis 980 jusqu'a 1899.
Magasin de Monnaies Anciennes, Moscow, 1899. Facsimile reprint by Akademische Druck- und
Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria, 1964. In Russian and French.
Russian coinage from 980 through 1899, with many line drawings of coin types.
Peus, Busso. Deutsche Muenzen des Mittelalters (Sammlung A.). Teil I. Norddeutschland. Auktion Katalog
317, Dr. Busso Peus Nachf. Muenzhandlung, Frankfurt am Main, 1987.
Public auction catalogue of 1100 lots of medieval coins from northern Germany.
Peus, Busso. Deutsche Muenzen des Mittelalters (Sammlung A.). Teil II. Sueddeutschaland. Auktion Katalogue
319, Dr. Busso Peus Nachf. Muenzhandlung, Frankfurt am Main, 1987.
Public auction catalogue of 903 lots of medieval coins from southern Germany.
Pick, Albert. Das Papiergeld Bayerns - Staatspapiergeld, Banknoten und Notgeld - Geschichte und Katalog. Der
Geldscheinsammler, Heinrich Gietl Verlag, Regenstauf, 1989.
A comprehensive catalogue of the paper money of Bayern (Bavaria) from 1836 to the present. The majority of
the book is devoted to Notgeld, but other forms of currency including wartime prison camp money is included.
A nice book.
Pick, Albert. Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. Volume One, Specialized Issues. Seventh Edition.
Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin, 1995.
The standard catalogue of commercial and restricted issue banknotes.
Pick, Albert. Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. Volume Two, General Issues. Eighth Edition, Iola,
Wisconsin, 1996.
The standard catalogue of general paper money issues from earliest times to 1960.
Pick, Albert. Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. Volume Three, Modern Issues, 1961-1996. Krause
Publications, Iola, Wisconsin, 1996.
188

The standard catalogue of recently-issued banknotes of the world.
Ping Xinwei. A Monetary History of China. Two Volumes. Translated from the Chinese by Edward H. Kaplan.
Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, 1965/1993.
An incredibly detailed history of the numismatics of China from ancient times through the Peoples Republic of
China. Mainly an economic history as reflected in the coins. Includes information on buying power of coins.
Many plates, but not clear because of xerox publication.
Pink, Karl. Die Muenzpraegung der Ostkelten und ihrer Nachbarn 2. ergaenzte und verbesserte Auflage
Herausgegeben von Robert Goebl. Klinkhardt & Biermann, Braunschweig, 1974.
The Celtic coinage of southeastern Europe, including Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria,
Czechoslovakia (Noricum and Bohemia) and Poland. Over 600 coins photographed.
Piperidi, K. L. Azakskaya Serebryanaya Moneta Timur Kutluga/ A Silver Coin of Timur Qutlugh from Azaq. P. 74 In:
Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii. Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v
Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005, V - MNK Volgorad 2006,
Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
A previously unknown Golden Horde coin of Timur Qutlugh struck in Azaq. The coin is undated. A nice
photograph and line drawing in the photographic plates.
Pivorovich, V. B. Monety i Klady Yuga Ukrainy/ Coins and Hoards of Southern Ukraine. Drukariya SHTRIKH,
Kherson, Ukraine, 2008. Bilingual, Ukrainian and Russian.
A very high-quality publication covering an overview of coins of the Golden Horde, Giray Khans, Genoese-
Tatars, Ottoman, medieval and tsarist Russia and a few coins of the USSR. It also includes jewelry and other
artifacts. Not comprehensive, but it has incredible photographs of representative coins. There are also
contemporary maps, historical notes. There are many copper coins and a lot of rarities.
Plant, Richard. Arabic Coins and How to Read Them. B. A. Seaby, Ltd., London, 1973.
A useful introduction to Arabic coins, medieval to modern. The book is more of an introduction to reading
Arabic than to the coins themselves. Each chapter covers a different time period or geographic area and
describes their peculiarities of script and language. There are lists of rulers and their dates in each.
Plant, Richard. Greek Coin Types and their Identification. Seaby Publications, Ltd., London, 1979.
An extensive alphabetical list of figures and personages found on Greek coins with the cities that featured
them. There are more than 2800 drawings of coins to illustrate the different themes. There are also appendices
explaining who various deities were, a glossary of terms, and an index of cities and states. Very useful for the
novice.
Plant, Richard. Greek, Semitic, Asiatic Coins and How to Read Them. Scorpion Publishers, Amherst, New York,
1979.
A book similar to his on reading Arabic coins, but covering an extensive number of ancient and medieval
European, middle eastern and far eastern alphabets and languages.
Plant, Richard. Arabic Coins and How to Read Them. Second Edition. Seaby Publications, Ltd., London, 1980.
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A revised and expanded version of the first edition. Includes an index, more examples and exercises, more lists
of rulers.
Poey D'Avant, Faustin. Monnaies Feodales de France. 3 Volumes. Camille Rollin, Paris, 1858. Facsimile
reprint by Akademische Druck- und Verlaganstalt, Graz, Austria, 1961.
The coinage of feudal France.
Pohl, Artur. Die Grenzlandpraegung. Muenzpraegung in Oesterreich und Ungarn im 15. Jahrhundert.
Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria, 1972.
A historical treatment of the 15th century coinage of Austria and Hungary. The Austrian coinage is discussed
in particular detail.
Pokrass, Yurii. O Neopisannykh Monetakh Bospora (I v. do N. E. - I v. N. E./ Some Unpublished Coins of
st st
Bosporus from the 1 Century BC - 1 Century AD. Numismatika i Faleristika 1997(2), pp. 6-7.
Three gold coins with portaits of Augustus and Agrippa.
Polevoi, L. L. Redkaya Seriya Moldavskikh Gorodskikh Monet Belgoroda na Dnestre i Nekotoriye Voprosy ego
Istorii XV v./ Rare Series of Moldavian City Coins of Belgorod-on-Dnestr and some Questions of its History in
th
the 15 Century. Numizmaticheskiye Issledovaniya po Istorii Yugo-vostochnoi Evropy, pp. 165-179.
Akademiya Nauk SSR Moldova, Kishinev, 1990.
A discussion of coins of Moldavia, with line drawings of some of the coins. More of an analysis and history
than a key to identification.
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Pommaret, Francoise. Ancient Trade Partners: Bhutan, Cooch Bihar and Assam (17 - 19 Century). Journal of
Bhutan Studies, Vol. 2(1), pp. 30-53, 2000.
Although Bhutan is generally perceived as an isolated country, this article demonstrates that there was
significant trade with Cooch Behar and Assam to the south. The British also tried to open up Bhutan as the
shortest route to Tibet and Llasa. The author’s data come from contemporary journals and diaries and other
documents. Not a coin article, but important for understanding the development of Bhutanese coinage and its
economy.
Poole, Reginald Stuart. A Catalogue of Coins of the Shahs of Persia in the British Museum. British Museum,
London, 1887.
Typical 19th century British Museum Catalogue. Covers Safavids, Hotaki Afghans, Afsharids, Zands, Qajars,
Ganja, and civic copper issues. Many plates.
Popovska, Daniela and Slobodan Sreckovic. The Activity of the Skopje Mint during the Ottoman Rule.
Macedonian Numismatic Journal, Number 3, pp. 149-156, 1999.
Akches from Skopje (Uskub) beginning with the Ottoman Mehmed II through Murad IV. Sixteen types of
akches are described with photos and line drawings.
Popovska, Daniela and Slobodan Sreckovic. Kratovo Coinage During the Reign of Sultan Suleiman I.
Macedonian Numismatic Journal, Number 4, pp. 137-145, 2000.
Fourteen akches from the Kratovo mint, divided into three major types. Photos and line drawings.
190

Porteous, John. Aangemunt en Nagemunt: Een Episode uit de Vaderlandse Muntgeschiedenis. Nederlandsche
Credietbank, London, 1968.
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A small booklet published on the 50 anniversary of the bank. The subject is coins of the Low Countries that
were modelled after other coins, many from other countries. After a short historical introduction (in Dutch),
there are enlarged photos on opposite pages of the original and copy. There are 22 pairs of coins.
Porteous, John. Crusader Coinage with Greek or Latin Inscriptions. In: Kenneth M. Setton, A History of the
Crusades Volume VI, The Impact of the Crusades on Europe, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, pp.
354-420, 1990.
Coins of Edessa, Antioch, Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of Tripoli, Lordship of Beirut, Lordship of Tyre,
Lordship of Sidon. Includes a discussion of the coins Crusaders took with them, the coins they encountered en
route, and the phases of coinage struck in the Holy Lands.
Posern-Klett, Carl Friedrich v. Sachsens Muenzen im Mittelalter. Muenzstaetten und Muenzen der Staedte und
geistlichen Stifter. Published by the author, Leipzig, 1846. Reprinted by Zentralantiquariat der deutschen
demokratischen Republik, Leipzig, 1974.
A treatment of early coinage of Saxony broken down first into cities and then into bishoprics, cloisters, abbeys,
and other clerical entities. There are 46 plates, mostly of bracteates. The author gives a historical overview of
the coinage of each entity and includes a verbatim transcript of over 50 official documents relating to medieval
coinage.
Potin, V. M. Redkie Angliiskie Denarii X-XI vv./Rare English Pennies of the 10th-11th Centuries.
Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. V, pp. 161-171, 1965.
A description of rare and previously unpublished Anglo-Saxon coins in the Hermitage Museum. Includes coins
of Aethelred II, Cnut, Harold I, Harthacnut and Edward the Confessor.
Prabhu, S. Govindraya. The Nolambas: Coinage and History. Published by the author, Karnataka, India, 2009.
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The Nolambas were a medieval South Indian dynasty (8 - 11 centuries CE). This is an excellent description
of their coinage with an extensive political history. The book, hardbound on high-quality paper, includes
geography and origin of the Nolambas, a political history with an overview of each ruler, maps showing the
extent of lands controlled by the Nolambas during different reigns, an administrative overview with
information on land types, taxes, measurements, political centers, society, religion and defense, a chapter on
architecture with nice black and white photographs, political history of Nolamba Feudatories, and
contemporary literature. A chapter on the coinage includes monetary units, script on the coinage, religious
symbols, , metrology and currency standards, and known hoards of Nolamba coins. The catalogue of coins is
mostly of gold coins, all with line drawings and high-quality photographs. Each coin includes a description,
where it was found and metrology.
Prabhu, S. Govindraya and M. Nithyananda Pai. The Alupas: Coinage and History. Published by S. G. Prabhu,
Karnataka, India, 2006.
The Alupas ruled in the current state of Karnataka in southwest India from ca 425 - 1410 CE. This impressive
book covers the geography, political history, general adminstration, arts and culture in the first 95 pages, then
catalogues the known coinage of the dynasty. Most of the coins are gold or debased gold. There is an
excellent explanation of all of the symbols found on the coins. Each type is illustrated with a high-quality line
drawing, and all coins are photographed on 40 hihg-quality color plates.
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Pridmore, F. The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Part 1. European Territories. Spink & Son,
Ltd., London, 1960.
Coins and tokens of the Isle of Man, Lundy, Guernsey, Jersey, Gibraltar, Malta, Ionian Islands, Cyprus,
through the reign of George VI.
Pridmore, F. The Modern Coins of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of the Yemen (al-Mamlakah al-Mutawakkiliyah
al-Yaminiyah. Seaby Bulletin 529, pp. 231-235, Seaby Bulletin 530(?), pp. 91-94, 151-157, 231-237, 267268,
299-305, 335-340, London, 1962. Photocopy
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A history and coinage of modern (late 19 , 20 centuries. Writes out and translates legends, provides lists of
rulers, lots of other good stuff.
Pridmore, F. The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Part 2. Asian Territories. Spink & Son, Ltd.,
London, 1965.
Coins and tokens of the British Commonwealth in Asia through 1952. India is not included.
Pridmore, F. The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Part 3. West Indies. Spink & Son, Ltd.,
London, 1965.
Coins and tokens of British Commonwealth in the New World through 1952.
Pridmore, F. Coins and Coinages of the Straits Settlements and British Malaya, 1786-1951, Including Tokens
issued by the Merchants of Singapore, 1828-1853. Spink & Son, Ltd., 1968.
Coins and tokens of British Malaya and the Straits Settlements.
Pridmore, F. The Native Coinages of the Malay Peninsula. Spink’s Numismatic Circular, London, Published in
Installments, 1968-1974. Photocopy of complete series with an index prepared by Scott Semans.
One of the classic series of papers on Malaysian coinage, since expanded and supplemented by Singh.
Includes of all the tin issues, including those of Thailand (Singgora, Patalung, Ligor, Phuket). All legends are
written out in Arabic, transliterated and translated. Line drawings all coin types. There is also an incredible
amount of historical information.
Pridmore, F. Modern Coins and Notes of Cyprus. Central Bank of Cyprus, Nicosia, 1974.
Coins and banknotes of Cyprus during British Colonial times. Contains an in-depth history of the coinage
with Pridmore’s usual detail of the individual coins. Nicely done.
Pridmore, F. The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Part 4 India, Volume 1 East India Company,
Presidency Series c1642-1835. Spink & Son, Ltd., London, 1975.
History and catalogue of coins of India. Where coins have Arabic legends, they are fully written out and
translated.
Pridmore, F. The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Part 4 India, Volume 2: Uniform Coinage, East
India Company, 1835-1858, Imperial Period, 1858-1947. Spink & Son, Ltd., London, 1980.
A continuation of his series on Commonwealth coinage, completing the coinage of British India.
192

Prieto y Vives, Antonio. Los Reyes de Taifas, Estudio numismatico de los musulmanes espanoles en el siglo V de la
Hegira (XI de J.C.). Facsimile Edicion, including unpublished plates and a supplement by Tawfiq ibn Hafiz
Ibrahim and Alberto Canto Garcia, Ibersaf Editores, Madrid, 2003.
The most important book on Islamic Spain after the breakup of the Spanish Umayyads. Originally published
in Madrid, 1926, this volume includes all of Prieto’s unpublished plates of the coins, and updated
supplemental bibliography, corrections, and the addition of 175 new coins, most of which are photographed
and all of which are fully described with Arabic legends written out. The reference is now accessible and
improved.
Pritsak, Omeljan. Die Karachaniden. Der Islam, vol. 31, pp. 17-68, 1951. Photocopy.
A history of the Qarakhanid dynasty (Ilek Khans), including a genealogy. Attempts to explain all the family
divisions, assorted titles and myriad of names associated with each Khan.
Probst, Romain and Andre Ungeheuer. Prifix Catalogue Illustre des Monnaies Luxembourgeoises (984-1977).
Luxembourg, 1977.
1977 catalogue of coins of Luxembourg with valuations. Includes Counts of Luxembourg (1026-1353),
Dukes of Luxembourg (1353-1665), ducal coinage (1665-1795), dutch coinage with the title Grand-Duc de
Luxembourg (1815-1890), coinage of Cugnon (1611-1672) and banknotes (1856-1977).
Probszt, Guenther. Die Muenzen Salzburgs. Publications de l'Association Internationale des Numismates
Professionels No. 1, Graz, Austria, 1959.
The coinage of Salzburg, Austria, from 991 into the 19th century. Includes a historical overview.
Prokish, Bernard, Hubert Emmerig, Susanna Heinz, Michaela Zavadil, Michaela Heintz and Dinah Lepuschitz.
Repertorium zur neuzeitlichen Muenzpraegung Europas. Band II. Heiliges roemisches Reich deutscher
Nation und Nachfolgestaaten- der bayerische Reichskreis. Veroeffentlichungen des Institutes fuer
Numismatik Wien, Band 4, Vienna, 1996.
Wonderful treatment of coins of Bavaria from around 1500 until modern times. Includes state issues of
Bavaria, plus coins of Braunau, Chiemsee, Freising, Haag, Leuchtenberg, Oberpfalz, Passau, Pfalz-Neuburg,
Pfalz-Sulzbach, Regensburg, and Salzburg. Every type is illustrated with a high quality photograph. Tables
summarize the dates known for each denomination. Great maps and other material. Mostly in German, but
introduction also in English.
Purvey, P. Frank. Seaby's Standard Catalogue of British Coins. Part 4. Coins and Tokens of Scotland. B. A.
Seaby Ltd., London, 1972.
Coins and tokens of Scotland, including transportation tokens and advertisement tokens. A much more
comprehensive treatment of Scottish tokens than in later edition.
Pushkaryov, O. V. O Btoroi Monetnoi Reforme Krymskogo Khana Shakhin-Gireya/ On the Second Monetary Reform
of the Crimean Khan Shahin Giray. Beta-Freim, Moscow, 2009.
An explanation of the nine coin denominations of the first period of Shahin Giray’s reign and 18
denominations from the second period of his reign.
Qedar, Shraga. Copper Coinage of Syria in the Seventh and Eighth Century A. D. Studies in Memory of Paul
Balog. Israel Numismatic Journal, Volume 10, pp. 27-39, 1988-1989.
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An oft-cited paper on Arab-Byzantine and Umayyad coppers. There is an attempt to classify them into series
and to give an approximate sequence and date to each. Others have criticized the dating scheme, with Ilisch’s
work on Hims being cited as the best study in this regard.
Rabino di Borgomale, H. L. Coins of the Jala'ir, Kara Koyunlu, Musha'sha', and Ak Koyunlu Dynasties.
Numismatic Chronicle, Sixth Series, Vol. X (1936), pp. 94-139, London. Photocopy
Primarily a treatise on the various legends found on coins of the four dynasties. Includes historical notes on
each ruler. Jalayrid, Qara Qoyunlu, Musha'sha', Aq Qoyunlu.
Rabino di Borgomale, H. L. Coins, Medals, and Seals of the Shahs of Iran, 1500-1941. Originally published in
Hertford, 1945. Reprinted by International Numismatic Press, Dallas, 1973.
A standard reference of the coinage of the Islamic Safavid dynasty and successors in Iran. The book contains
descriptions of coins by each Shah, but no illustrations. Not organized with catalogue numbers. There is an
index of coin inscriptions in Arabic.
Rabino di Borgomale, H. L. Album of Coins, Medals, and Seals of the Shahs of Iran (1500-1948). Originally
published in Great Britain, 1951. Reprinted by The Iranian Numismatic Institute, Tehran, 1974.
A book primarily of plates to accompany the Coins, Medals, Seals, etc. There are substantial additions and
corrections, and the plates include a few Shaybanid coins, larins, Sultans of Hormuz, as well as many civic
coppers.
Radic, Vesna. Eight Centuries of the Serbian Dinar: Medieval Coins. National Museum, Belgrade, 1994.
A nice catalogue that accompanied an exhibit of medieval Serbian coins. Completely bilingual (Serbian and
English), with full coin descriptions and nice photos. Not as complete as Jovanovich, but useful.
Radomersky, Pavel. Studie o Pocatcich Seskeno Mincovnictvi (I.) Nalez ceskych denaru z. 10. stoleti v
Podebradech. Numismaticky Sbornik, Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved, Volume IX, pp. 11-94, 1965-1966.
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The description of a huge hoard of 10 Century Bohemian Denars. The author divides the coins into 55 types,
with variations within types noted as well. There are line drawings of each type, notations of variations in
legends, and 17 photographic plates with 20 coins pictured per plate. Too bad I don’t read Czech.
Radushev, Angel and Gospodin Zhekov. Katalog na Bulgarskite Srednovekovni Moneti IX - XV Vek/ Catalogue
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of Medieval Bulgarian Coins, 9 - 15 Century A.D. Agato, Sofia, 1999.
A wonderful catalogue of medieval Bulgarian coins with many things not found in either Mushmov or more
modern books on the coinage. Most types have both line drawings and photos, and there are enlargements of
parts of designs that aid in distinguishing types and varieties. Very useful and a high-quality production.
Rajabli, Ali. Numizmatika Azerbaidzhana. Izdatel’stvo ‘Elm ve Khayat’, Baku, 1997.
An important, though difficult to use, book on the coinage of Azerbaijan, ancient through the 19 century. It
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includes Umayyad, Abbasid, Arab-Sasanian, Shirvanshah, Sajid, Sallarid, Rawwadid, Shaddadid, Ildegizid,
Great Seljuq, Pishkinid, Sulamid, Qutlughkhanid, Rum Seljuq, Ilkhan, Timurid, Qara-Qoyunlu, Aq-Qoyunlu,
Safavid, Afsharid, Qajar, Zand. There are photos throughout the text and plates in the back, all very dark and
difficult to see. The Arabic legends are hand-drawn and sometimes difficult to read. However, there are very
few books written on this part of the Islamic world of numismatics. There is extensive historical text and
discussion of monetary systems, and a great bibliography.
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Rajgor, Dilip. Standard Catalogue of Sultanate Coins of India. Amrapali Publications, Bombay, 1991.
A catalogue of coins of all 18 Indian sultanates, medieval to modern. Includes keys to identification,
photographs, valuations in three grades, chronologies, historical overviews and a glossary. Done in manner of
Krause Standard Catalogues.
Rajgor, Dilip. Punch-marked Coins of Early Historic India. Reesha Books International, San Jose, California,
2001.
A catalogue of 1245 types of punch-marked coins from northern India. There are great historical overviews,
explanations and illustrations of the minting process, and nice line-drawings of the different symbols on the
coins. There is an index of major symbols found on the coins, and a section on forgeries. There are even
rarity indices of the different types. A very nice and important book.
Rajgor, Dilip. Collector’s Guide to Mughal Coins. Dinesh Mody Numismatic Museum, University of Mumbai,
2002.
A guide to identification of Mughal coins of India. It has a table of the emperors’ names in Persian as they
appear on coins, explanation of dates, a sultan-by-sultan explanation of how the legends on coins are
arranged, an extensive table of mint epithets and mint names as they appear on coins, along with a notation of
which emperors used each mint, translations of rhymed couplets, and names and metrology of different
denominations. Overall very useful, but, at 48 pages, not comprehensive.
Ramadan, ‘Atif Mansur Muhammad and Samira ‘Abd al-Ra’uf. al-Naqud al-Islamiyah al-mahfuzah fi al-Mathaf
al-Yunani al-Rumani bi-al-Iskandariyah/ Islamic coins in the Greco-Roman Museum in Alexandria. Al-
Qahira (Cairo), Egypt, 2007. In Arabic.
A catalogue of 644 coins from the Umayyad, (1-43) Abbasid (44-197), Idrisid 198-199), Aghlabid (200-203),
Murabitid (204-205), Muwahhid (206-212), Ziyanid (213), Wattasid (214-216), ‘Alawi Sharifs (217),
Umayyad of Spain (218), Hammudid (219), Tulunid (220-228), Ikhshidid (229),Fatimid (230-311), Ayyubid
(312-348), Mamluk (349-505), Venetian Ducats and imitations (506-523), Ziyadid in Yemen (524), Rum
Seljuq (525-537), Ottoman (538-569), Hamdanid (570-575), Buwayhid ( 576), Ghaznavid (577-580), Great
Seljuq (581-582), Artuqid (583-590), Zengid (591-606), Ilkhan 607-627), Golden Horde -Jani Beg Fals,
Khwarizm 7xx (628), Jalayrid (629-630), Timurid (631-639), Aq Qoyunlu (630-631), Afsharid (642), Qajar
(643-644). Each coin is fully described with legends written out and cross-referenced to other published
examples if known. Extensive bibliography of Arabic and western references.
Ramsden, H. A. Corean Coin Charms and Amulets. Reprinted by Scorpion Press, Buffalo, New York, 1978.
Illustrations of 207 Korean charms and amulets. Originally published in 1910 in Yokohama, Japan.
Translations of many of the legends included.
Ramsden, H. A. Siamese Porcelain and other Tokens. Jun Kobayagawa Co., Yokohama, Japan, 1911.
Ramsden, H. A. Siamese Porcelain and other Tokens. Jun Kobayagawa Co., Yokohama, Japan, 1911. Reprinted
in Siamese Coins and Tokens, Andrew Publishing Company, London, 1977.
Nice catalogue of porcelain tokens from Thailand and Burma. The descriptions tell the names of the Chinese
characters, but not always the translation.
Ramsden, H. A. Manuals of Far Eastern Numismatics No. 2: Chinese Early Barter and Uninscribed Money. Jun
Kobayagawa Co., Yokohama, Japan, 1912. Photocopy.
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A short, but important, booklet covering early coinage of China that is not treated in most other references. It
includes dometic implements (Spade, Knife, Bell, Gridiron, Nutmeg Grater and Weight money), warlike
weapons (Arrow Head, Halberd Head, Sword and Shield (or carapace) Money) and miscellaneous utensils
(Ring or Disc, Lily Root, Bridge, Comb and Cicada or Wa Wa Money). The different types are illustrated
and described. This is the only paper I have seen that covers bridge, cicada, and some other early pieces.
Ramsden, H. A. Model-Insect Money of Ancient China. Jun Kobayagawa Co., Yokohama, Japan. 1914.
Photocopy.
A history, discussion, and examination of many types of Cicada (Wa Wa) money from ancient China.
Includes one type that he calls Caterpillar money and two others that seem to be modeled after a duck (which,
from my experience as a biologist is not an insect!).
Ramsden, H. A. Modern Chinese Copper Coins. Reprinted from The Numismatist, 1963.
The dragon coinage of China. Good explanatory information.
Rao, M. Rama. Satavahana Coins in the Andhra Pradesh Government Museum. Andhra Pradesh Government
Museum Series No. 2, Hyderabad, 1961.
A description of 421 coins of ancient India. Like all of these monographs, there is excellent historical
background and decent coin descriptions. The plates are lousy to mediocre, although some appear to be from
rubbings and are more useful.
Rao, M. Rama. Vishnukundin Coins in the Andhra Pradesh Government Museum. Andhra Pradesh Government
Archaeological Series No. 10, Hyderabad, 1963.
Better than usual monograph on coins of ancient India. There is a good historical overview, good coin
descriptions and unusually clear plates of coins.
Rao, M. Rama. Eastern Calukyan Coins in the Andhra Pradesh Government Museum. Andhra Pradesh
Government Archaeological Series No. 11, Hyderabad, 1963.
Almost useless catalogue of copper coins of ancient and medieval India. The coins are all of the same basic
type, so descriptions are at a minimum. The plates are awful, with the coins appearing just as dark blobs. No
historical overview.
Rao, M. Rama. Select Gold and Silver Coins in the Andhra Pradesh Government Museum. Andhra Pradesh
Government Archaeological Series No. 13, Hyderabad, 1963.
Decent coin descriptions, mediocre plates, of ancient Indian coins.
Rasmusson, Nils Ludvig and Brita Malmer (eds.). Commentationes de Nummis Caeculorum IX-XI in Suecia
Repertis II. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Stockholm, 1968.
A collection of seven papers on coins found in Sweden. Hatz and Linder Welin on German coins of the 11 th
century patterned after Arab-Byzantine coins. Peter Berghaus, a great paper on the earliest coinage of the
German city of Muenster. Hatz on coins of Tiel (Germany) found in Sweden. Smart on moneyers of Anglo-
Saxon coinage. Hatz, Linder Welin, Malmer, van der Meer and Rasmusson on a hoard found in Sweden in
1704 (included Sasanian, Arab-Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid, Idrisid, Samanid, European). That article
describes the finder’s original notes as well as the content of the hoard. Rasmusson on Sigtuna King Anund
Jacob. The articles are quite long and easy to read, and there are 46 plates of photos and drawings. Excellent
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work.
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Ravdina, T. V. Pogrebeniya X-XI vv. c Monetami na Territorii Drevnei Rusi/ Burials from the 10 and 11
Centuries with Coins in the Territory of Ancient Rus. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1988.
A catalogue of 233 burial sites with articfacts and coins that were found in them. There are no illustrations of
coins, but there are line drawings of many of the artifacts. Many of the coins are Islamic. There is an index of
Islamic dynasties and rulers and where they were found.
Raymond, Wayte. East India Co., British India, Native Indian States. Coins of the World Series, Wayte
Raymond, Inc., New York, 1955.
A pamphlet giving a very cursory overview of the coins.
Remetsas, E. Udel’nye Monety Velikogo Knyazya Litvy Vitovta/ Local Coinage of the the Grand Prince Vitovt of
Lithuania. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik GIM, Volume XVII, Moscow, pp. 112-119, 2005.
Four neat silver coins of the Lithuanian prince Vitovt (1392-1430) and one of Yuri Svyatoslavich (ca 1401),
along with a historical overview of the reign of Vitovt.
Remler, Philip N. Ottoman, Isfendiyarid and Eretnid Coinage: A Currency Community in Fourteenth Century
Anatolia. ANS Museum Notes, Vol. 25, 167-188, 1980.
An analysis of stylistic similarities between prototype Ilkhan coinage of Abu Sa'id, Taghaytimur and
Suleyman, and coinage of the Eretnids, the Isfendiyarids, and the Ottoman coinage of Orhan. Full
descriptions of coins and nice plates.
Remmelts, A. A. Chinese Charms and Amulets. Johan Mevius, Amsterdam, 1968.
A small hardbound catalogue of 141 amulets and charms from China. There are nice descriptions of the
pieces, and there are great line drawings of each in the back.
Rengjeo, Ivan. Corpus der mittelalterlichen Muenzen von Kroatien, Slavonien, Dalmatien und Bosnien.
Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria, 1959.
Coinage of present-day Jugoslavia, including Bosnia, Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia. Also Croatian
Friesach. Many plates of photographs and line drawings.
Rentzmann, Wilhelm. Numismatisches Legenden-Lexicon des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. R. Wegener, Berlin,
1865. Modern reprint by Numismatischer Verlag der Muenzenauktion Schenk-Behrens, Preetz, 1965.
Identification of coins through mintmasters' initials, abbreviated names on coins, legends, various forms of
place names, and saints on coins.
Rentzmann, Wilhelm. Numismatisches Wappen-Lexicon. Berlin, 1876. Modern reprint by Numismatischer
Verlag der Muenzenauktion Schenk-Behrens, Preetz.
An atlas of heraldric devices found on coins with a cross-listing of all coin-issuing entities that use such
devices on their coins.
Retamero, Felix. Moneda i Monedes Arabs a l’Illa d’Eivissa. Museu Arqueologic d’Eivissa I Formentera, Eivissa
(Balears), 1995. (In Catalan, with Spanish and English summaries).
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Eivissa (Ibiza) is one of the Balearic Islands off the eastern coast of Spain in the Mediterranean Sea, the
closest of the larger islands, which also include Mallorca. The coins found on Eivissa include Umayyad
Spain, Amirid of Valencia, Slave Kingdom of Denia, Kingdom of Mallorca, Hudid of Zaragoza, Hudid of
Denia, Zirid of Granada, Sumaydihid of Almeria, ‘Abbadid of Sevilla, Murabitid, Muwahhid, and some
unidentified pieces. There is an analysis of trade relations between the mainland and the islands. Coins are
described with Arabic legends and decent photos.
Rethy, Ladislaus, and Guenther Probszt. Corpus Nummorum Hungariae. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt,
Graz, Austria, 1958. In German.
Coinage of Hungary from Stefan I (1000-1038) through the 16th century.
Retowski, O. Die Muenzen der Girei. Originally published by Buchdruckerei und Schriftgiesserei von Otto
Herbeck, Moscow, 1905. Reprinted by Spink & Son Ltd. and the Russian Numismatic Society, London,
1982.
The standard reference on the Giray Khans of the Crimea, Islamic successors to the Golden Horde and closely
allied with the Ottoman empire. Covers the period 1420-1783. Each coin is fully described with legends in
Arabic (usually not translated). There are 32 plates of line drawings and several line drawings in the text.
Includes historical summaries of each khan. Original very rare, reprint only 300 copies.
Retowski, O. F. The Genoese-Tatar Coinage. Originally published in 1906. Reprinted and Translated by the
Russian Numismatic Society, Akron, 1984.
Islamic coins of the Golden Horde. Genoese (Genoa, Italy) issues from their colony in Kaffa in the Crimea
and from Krim. Important and interesting work. Nice line drawings of the coins.
Retowski, O. F. Die Muenzen der Komnenen von Trapezunt. Originally Published Moscow, 1910. Reprinted and
Translated by Klinkhardt & Biermann, Braunschweig, 1974.
The most extensive work on the little-known coinage of Trebizond, an empire on the Black Sea in
northeastern Turkey after the fall of the Byzantine Empire. The book has complete descriptions of all of the
coins with high-quality photographic plates.
Reva, R. Yu. O Nachale Monetnoi Chekanki v Mokhshi/ On the Beginning of Coins Struck in Mohshi.
Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Sankt-Peterburg, pp. 91-93, 2007.
Golden Horde Dirhams of Toqtu (written as Toqtu Bek) struck in Moshi, 709 AH. Nice enlarged drawings of
the type.
Reva, R. Yu. Bulgarskii Chekan Khana Kibaka/ Coins of Kibak Khan Struck in Bulghar. Pp. 126-127 In: Trudy
Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii. Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh
Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar 2005, V - MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya
Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
Golden Horde silver coins of Kibak/Kebek Khan from the Bulghar mint. It also includes drawings of a couple
coin of Derwish.
Reva, R. Yu., A. A. Kazarov and V. B. Klokov. Novye Numizmaticheskiye Dannye dlya Rekonstruktsii Istorii Zolotoi
Ordy v. 817-819 gg.h./ New Numismatic Data for the Reconstruction of the History of the Golden Horde in
the year 817-819 AH. Pp. 78-80 In: Pyatnadtsataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsia,
Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Moscow, 2009.
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The period between the death of Kibak in AH 816 and the rise of Ulu Muhammad in AH 822. Two protoges
of Edigu ruled during this time - Cherke (816-818 and Dervish (818-822), but there were others as well. The
authors have line drawings of a coin of Jabbar Birdi from Hajji Tarkhan, AH 817 and one from Saray without
date. There are two coins of Sa’id Ahmad struck in Saray with the same reverse dies as those used by Jabbar
Birdi, one coin of Ghiyas al-Din from Ordu al-Mu’azzam, AH 819 and two from Sa’id Ahmad from Ordu al-
Mu’azzam, also dated AH 819. The succession in Ordu al-Mu’azzam according to coins and die linkages
appears to be Ghiyas al-Din, then Sa’id Ahmad, then Dervish. The overall order of succession appears to be
Kepek, Chakar, Jabbar Birdi (all three were sons of Toqtamish), then Sa’id Ahmad, Dervish, Muhammad
Khan, Dawlat Birdi. Borak (son of Kurchuk), Ghiyas al-Din (son of Shadi Beg) and Muhammad (son of
Timur Khan).
Reva, R. Yu. and N. M. Sharafeev. Monety Karim-Berdi. Dvenadtsataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya
Konferentsiya, Tezisy Dokladov i Soobshchenii. Gosydarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Moskva, pp. 91-93,
2004.
Very rare coins from the Golden Horde ruler Karim Birdi, brother of Jalal al-Din/ The coins are four basic
types, one struck in Hajji Tarkhan, the others in Saray. Very nice line drawings. Karim-Birdi ruled in AH
815-816/ 1412-1413 AD.
Reva, R. Yu. and N. M. Sharafeev. Neizvestnyi Saiid-Ahmad/ Unknown Sayyid Ahmad. XIII Vserossiiskaya
Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Tezisy Dokladov i Soobshchenii. Gosydarstvennyi Muzei
Izobrazitel’nykh Iskusstv Imeni A. S. Pushkina, Moskva, pp. 57-59, 2005.
Several coins of the Golden Horde ruler Sayyid Ahmad dated AH 819 from the Hajji Tarkhan and Ordu al-
Mu’azzam mints. Line drawings showing obverse and reverse combinations.
Reva, R. Yu. Monety Khana Dervisha/ The Coins of Dervish Khan. Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh
Konferentsii, Rossiiskaya Akademiy Nauk, Moscow, pp. 159-164, 2005.
The most comprehensive listing yet of the coins or the Golden Horde ruler Dervish Khan. He lists 40 types
with line drawings and legends. The coins are from Saray, Saraichuk, Hajji Tarkhan, Bik Bazar, Ordy
Mu’azzam and Bulgar.
Rhodes, N. G. The Coinage of Bhutan. Oriental Numismatic Society, Information Sheet No. 16, January, 1977.
One of the few publications on the coinage of Bhutan. There is a brief introduction about the country itself,
followed by a description of the evolution of Bhutanese coinage from Cooch Behar prototypes. Rhodes
divides the coinage into several stages, as has been adopted by Krause. There are line drawings of different
types, some different than Krause, some augmenting what Krause shows. A very useful paper.
Rhodes, N. G. The Gaden Tangka of Tibet. Oriental Numismatic Society Occasional Paper No. 17, 1983.
(Photocopy)
An early attempt at classifying the Ga-Den Tankas of Tibet. He divides them into eight classes based on
ornamentation in the outer angles and the order of the eight lucky signs. He also assigned some of the classes
to particular mints. No illustrations. Superseded by KM, which probably used a lot of his information.
Rhodes, N. G. Moslem Rebel Coins of Sinkiang, parts 1 and 2. Journal of East Asian Numismatics, vol. 1(1), pp.
16-20 and vol. 1(2), pp. 17-21, 1994.
Descriptions of the coins of Muhammed Yusuf, Rasheddin Khoja, Habibullah Khan, and Yakub Beg, the
latter whose coins name the Ottoman sultan Abdul Aziz. Includes a brief history of the rebels including those
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who did not issue coins.
Rhodes, Nicholas G. Coinage in Bhutan. Journal of Bhutan Studies, Vol. 1(1), pp. 884-113, 2001.
A very detailed study of Bhutanese coinage. The author tells what he has discovered about the history of
coinage in Bhutan, including its derivation from the coinage of Cooch Behar. He has good line drawings of
many types and even hypothesizes about the mint of some times and about which types might by locallyproduced
unauthorized issues. The best work overall on Bhutan, many steps beyond his earlier supplement to
the ONS newsletter.
Rhodes, Nicholas G. The Monetisation of Bhutan. Journal of Bhutan Studies, Vol. 2(2), pp. 85-103, 2000.
A numismatic and economic history of Bhutan. The author concludes that it was important for Bhutan to
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develop its own coinage, especially in the 20 century, as a means of attracting tourists and encouraging
international trade.
Rhodes, Nicholas and Shankar K. Bose. The Coinage of Cooch Behar. Library of Numismatic Studies, Dhubri,
India, 1999.
A brief history of Cooch Behar, an economic history, and a catalogue of the coinage with line drawings of the
coins. There is a good bibliography. The book includes references to Bhutanese coinage as having evolved
from Cooch Behar coinage. This is a great little book.
Rhodes, Nicholas G. and Shankar K. Bose. The Coinage of Assam, Volume II: Ahom Period. Mira Bose Library of
Numismatic Studies, Kolkata: Guwahati, 2004.
A numismatic history of the Ahom kings of Assam (1648 - 1838 CE). It includes a discussion of the coinage
of each of the Ahom kings and very nice plates of the coins.
Riechmann, A. Die mittelalterlichen Muenzen des Hessischen Landesmuseums in Kassel. Auktions-Ktalog
XXIX, A. Riechmann & Co., Halle (Saale), 1924. Reprinted by Attic Books, Ltd., New York, 1977.
Medieval coinage of Switzerland and Germany. Mostly bracteates, but also includes Merovingian and
Carolingian coinage. An auction catalogue.
Rifat, Samin (and Brian Johnson). Saltanatin Iki Yüzü: Yazi ve Tugra/Heads and Tails: The Two Faces of
Sovereignty. Yapi Kredi Coin Collection Exhibitions 4, Yapi Kredi Bank, Istanbul, 1995.
Catalogue of a collection of Ottoman coins from an exhibition at the Yapi Kredi Bank. Historical overviews,
enlarged color photos, inscriptions transliterated and translated into Turkish and English. Includes photo of
coin attributed to Osman.
Rispling, Gert. The Volga Bulgarian Imitative Coinage of al-Amir Yaltawar (‘Barman’) and Mikail b. Jafar.
Commentationes de Nummis Saeculorum IX-XI in Suecia Repertis, Nova Series 6. Sigtuna Papers,
Proceedings of the Sigtuna Symposium on Viking Age Coinage, 1-4 June 1989, pp. 275-282, 1990.
The author supports the contention of Vasmer that many imitation Samanid dirhams are from the Volga-
Bulgarians. He documents his conclusions with a complex analysis of die linkages and with written historical
documents. He also analyzes the epigraphy of the names on the coins and concludes that the individual often
named as Barman or al-Amir Barman is, in fact, al-Amir Yaltawar. There are decent photos, even in my
photocopy, and a good bibliography.
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Rispling, Gert. Islamic Coins, 218-279 H. Unpublished computer inventory. 1993.
Remarkable inventory of more than 10,000 coins listed by source, denomination, dynasty, mint and date,
obverse names, reverse names, and other remarks. Includes mostly Abbasid, but also Saffarid, Tahirid,
Samanid and several others. Also many imitations.
Rittmann, Herbert. Auf Heller und Pfennig. Die faszinierende Geschichte des Geldes und der wirtschaftlichen
Entwicklung in Deutschland. Battenberg Verlag, Muenchen, 1976.
A history of coinage and economics in Germany and, to some extent, the rest of Europe. The book is richly
illustrated with black and white photos of coins and includes summaries of wages and prices of goods during
different times in history.
Roberts, James N. The Silver Coins of Medieval France (476-1610 AD). Attic Books, Ltd., South Salem, New
York, 1996.
An excellent treatment of French Royal and Feudal silver coinage in a single volume. It is organized by the
designs on coins to facilitate easy attribution. There are many maps showing where the coins were issued and
line drawings of each type. Much more user friendly than Poey d’Avant, Ciani, and others.
Robinson, Michael and Lewis A. Shaw. The Coins and Banknotes of Burma. Published by the Authors,
Manchester, 1980.
A great little catalogue of coins and banknotes of Burma from the earliest times to the present. There is a lot
of good history thrown in. The coins are well photographed and well described. There are chapters on
Burmese metrology and the Burmese script, lists of rulers, complete coin descriptions with legends written
out. Very useful.
Rodgers, Charles J. Catalogue of the Coins. Part II. Miscellaneous Muhammadan Coins. Original published by
the Panjab Government, Calcutta, 1874. Reprinted by Inter-India Publications, New Delhi, 1985.
From the collection of Panjab Museum. Includes Umayyad, Abbasid, Habbarid (amirs of Sind), Samanid,
Hindu kings of Kabul, Ghaznavid, Ghorid of Bamiyan, Sultans of Delhi, Bengal Sultans, Sultans of Kashmir,
Jaunpur, Sultans of Malwa, Gujarat, Bahmani, South India, Timurid, Shaybanid, Chaghatayid, Golden Horde,
Persian Shahs, Durrani and Afghan, Sikh, Lucknow and Bahawulpur. Legends written out but not translated.
No illustrations.
Rodgers, Charles J. Coins of the Mogul Emperors of India. Original published 1892. Reprinted by Indological Book
House, Delhi, 1972.
One of the standard catalogues of Mughal coinage. Includes extensive coinage of Babur and Humayun,
typically not found in other catalogues. Legends written out, Index of mint towns by ruler and dates, table of
mint marks. Not photographs or illustrations.
Rodriguez Lorente, Juan Jose. Prontuario do la Moneda Arabigo-Espanola. Editorial Vico, Madrid, 1982.
A nice overview of Islamic coins from Spain, with mint names written out, chronologies, etc. Basically a
primer on how to read and identify the coins. With bibliography.
Rodriguez Lorente, Juan Jose. Numismatica Nasri. Carlos Castan, Madrid, 1983.
The coinage of the Islamic Nasrid dynasty of Spain and North Africa. Full coin descriptions, with not only
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the Arabic written out in script, but also written out enlarged as it appears on the coins. Nice enlarged photos,
as well as maps and a general history. In Spanish.
Rodriquez Lorente, Juan Jose. Numismatica de la Murcia Musulmana. Carlos Castan, Madrid, 1984.
The Islamic coinage of Murcia in Spain. Includes ‘Abbadid of Sevilla, Murabitid (Almoravid), Hudids in
eastern Spain, Kings of Murcia, Muwahhid (Almohades), Later Kings of Murcia, and others. There are full
descriptions of coins, analyses of new mints, decent (but not great) photos.
Rodriquez Lorente, Juan Jose and Tawfiq ibn Jafiz Ibrahim. Numismatica de Ceuta Musulmana. Madrid, 1987.
The Islamic numismatics of mint town of Ceuta/Sabtah on the coast of Morocco. Includes Hammudid of
Malaga, Berghwata of Ceuta, Murabitid, Muwahhid, Hafsid, Merinid and Nasrid coins. A final chapter has
other miscellaneous north African and Spanish coins not struck in Ceuta. Arabic legends of all coins fully
written out, mediocre photographic plates, extensive historical introduction, chronological tables of dynasties
(more than those issuing coins). In Spanish, with English and Arabic summaries.
Rogers, Edward Thomas. The Coinage of the Tuluni Dynasty. Originally published in London, 1877. Reprinted
by Malter-Westerfield Publishing Company, San Diego, no date (ca. 1966).
An overview of the coinage of the Islamic Tuluni dynasty of Egypt and Syria, 868-905. Nice history and
description of coin inscriptions. 125 coins described, 17 photographed.
Rossello i Bordoy, G. Nuevos Fulus Nazaries Hallados en el Castillejo de los Guajares. (Granada). II. Jarique de
Numismatica Hispano-Arab, Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs de la Diputacio de Lleida, Lleida, pp. 267-285, 1988.
Copper fulus of the Nasrids of Granada. Each coin photographed and all legends are written out and
translated into Spanish. There are even vastly enlarged photos of some coins.
Rosello-Bordoy, G. Notas Numismaticas: Las Acunaciones de Epoca Islamica de ‘Sa Nostra’. Trabajos del Museo
de Mallorca, Palma de Mallorca, 1988. In Catalan.
A description of twelve coins from the Sa Nostra (a museum?). Includes coins from the Kingdom of Mallorca
and the Muwahhids (square dirhams). A reprint from BSAL 44 (79-101). Well done, with nice enlarged
photos of the coins.
Rotter, Gernot. The Umayyad Fulus of Mosul. American Numismatic Society Museum Notes, Vol. 19, pp. 165-
198, 1974.
A description of twelve coppers of the Islamic Umayyad dynasty from Mosul, some previously unknown,
others attributed to Abbasids.
Royal Numismatic Society. Coin Hoards, Volumes I-VIII. Royal Numismatic Society, London, 1975-1979, 1981,
1985, 1994.
A series of catalogues of hoards of ancient, medieval and Oriental coins. They are divided into geographic
areas. Some of the hoards have descriptions with them, even photos of select coins. Others just note a find
and sometimes a literature citation for a full description of the find. They are well indexed to facilitate finding
specific dynasties, mints, rulers, etc. Volume VIII is only Greek coins.
Rtveladze, Edvard V. Noviye Dannye o Monetnom Chekane Goroda Madzhar/ New Data on Coins Struck in the
City of Majar. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Part IV, Number III, pp. 77-
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85, 1971.
A description of silver and copper coins of the Golden Horde from the Majar mint dated AH 710-777. There
is a plate of countermarks found on some of the coins. There are no illustrations of the Majar coins, but
descriptions with Arabic legends are included in the text.
Rtveladze, Edvard V. O Mednykh Imennykh Monetakh Tokhtamysha I Podrazhaniyakh Im/ On Copper Coins in
the Name of Toqtamish and their Imitations. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XXI, pp. 42-47, 1972.
Golden Horde puls in the name of Toqtamish. Three major types with variants listed, photographed and
described plus four imitations.
Rtveladze, Edvard V. K Istorii Denezhnogo Obrashcheniya v Saganiiane VII-Nachala XIII v/On the History of
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Monetary Circulation in Sagania from the 7 to the Beginning of the 13 Century. Epigrafika Vostoka,
Volume XXIII, pp. 38-43, 1985.
The coins of the Islamic Muhtajid dynasty. Legends written out. Also includes some Umayyad and Abbasid,
but is primarily about new Muhtajid issues.
Rtveladze, Edvard V. Drevnie Monety Srednei Azii/The Ancient Coins of Central Asia. Izdatyelstvo Literaturi i
Iskusstva, Tashkent, 1987.
An introduction to the ancient coins of central Asia, including various ancient Greek, Parthian, Sasanian,
Kushan, Kushan-Sasanian, Chach, Sogdian, Bukhara and Tocharistan. There is a brief trilingual introduction
of monetary history of central Asia, followed by 62 photos and descriptions of coins. Not a comprehensive
catalogue.
Rtveladze, Edvard V. K Istorii Saganiiana Pervoi Chetverti XI v. po Numizmaticheskim Dannym/ On the History of
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Saghaniyan in the first quarter of the 9 Century through Numismatic Evidence. Epigrafika Vostoka,
Volume XXIV, pp. 48-56, 1988.
Muhtajid and early Qarakhanid fulus and dirhams with the titles Muzaffar, Rukn al-Daula, Khan Shams al-
Daula Ilek from Saghaniyan, dated AH 395-416. Ahmad b. Muhammad (Muhtajid perhaps) is identical to
Fakhr al-Daula Abu al-Muzaffar, protector of the poet Farrukhi and the father of Muzaffar, who minted coins
AH 395-398 in Saghaniyan. From AH 395-406, Saghaniyan was a vassal princedom of the Qarakhanids.
Rtveladze, Edvard V. Catalogue of the Coins of Amir Timur and Timurids’ Dynasty from the Collection of the
National Museum of History named after Oybek. Toshkent, 1996. (High-quality photocopy in color on
photo-grade paper).
A beautifully-produced color catalogue of 103 coins of the Timurid dynasty. The coins are nicely
photographed, many enlarged, with legends in four languages (Uzbek, English, German and Chinese or
Japanese). The Arabic legends are not written out. A nice overview of the dynasty.
Rtveladze, Edward V. Pre-Muslim Coins of Chach. Silk Road Art and Archaeology, Volume 5, Kamakura,
Japan, pp. 307-328, 1998.
Excellent overview of coinage of Chach (al-Shash, Tashkent) from roughly the 2 - 8 century A.D. He
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provides a history of the area, divides the coins into groups by age, identifies groups by the types of tamgas,
and reads and translates the legends on the coins. In addition, he photographed and provided line drawings of
the different types. An important paper for early Central Asia.
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Rtveladze, E. Catalogue of Antique and Medieval Coins of Central Asia. Anniversary Edition. National Bank for
Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 2001.
A fourth installment (see Azimov and Rtveladze, 1997 and Rtveladze and Birjukov, 2000, 2001) of 100 coins
from the collection of the National Bank of Uzbekistan. It includes Alexander of Macedon, Seleucid, Greco-
Bactrian, Parthia, Elymais, Kushan, Indo-Scythian, Sogdian, China, Sasanian and imitations, Khoresm,
Sogdian, Chach, Abbasid, Arab-Sasanian, Samanid, Qarakharanids, Great Seljuq, Rum Seljuq,
Khwarizmshahs, Chaghatayids, Timurid, Shaybanid, Mughal, Safavid, Barakzai, China., Manghits of
Bukhara. Every coin is photographed enlarged and in color, and again at actual size in black and white.
Rtveladze Edvard. Istoriya i Numizmatika Chacha (Vtoraya Polovina III - Seredina VIII v. n. e. /The History and
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Numismatics of Chach, Second Half of the 3 Century to Mid 8 Century AD. Akademiya Nauk Respubliki
Uzbekistan and Gosudarstvennyi Muzei Istorii Uzbekistana, Tashkent, 2006.
Nice catalogue of Chach coinage, expanding and updating his earlier works.
Rtveladze, E. Monetye Nakhodki iz Rabat-i Malika/ Coin Finds from Rabat-i Malik. Numizmatika Tsentral’noi Azii,
Vol. VIII, pp. 81-84, 2008.
Descriptions, but no drawings or photographs, of four Qarakhanid coppers (Kushaniya 413, Ilak 393, two
others), four coppers and three dirhams of unknown dynasty, and four coppers of the Timurids (Bukhara 832,
Samarqand undated).
Rtveladze, E. and D. Birjukov. Catalogue of Antique and Medieval Coins of Central Asia. Volume II. National
Bank for Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 2000.
A second installment (see Azimov and Rtveladze) of 100 coins from the collection of the National Bank of
Uzbekistan. It includes Achaemenids, Greco-Bactrian, Indo-Greek, Early Sogdian, Parthia, Indo-Parthian,
Kushan, Sasanian and imitations, Khoresm, Hephthalite, Chach, Sogdian, China, Abbasid, Arab-Sasanian,
Samanid, Qarakharanids, Great Seljuq, Chingizid, Ilkhan, Chaghatayids, Golden Horde, Timurid, Shaybanid,
Janid, Manghits of Bukhara, Khans of Khoqand, Khans of Khiva. Every coin is photographed enlarged and
in color, and again at actual size in black and white.
Rtveladze, E. and D. Birjukov. Catalogue of Antique and Medieval Coins of Central Asia. Volume III. National
Bank for Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 2001.
A third installment (see Azimov and Rtveladze, 1997 and Rtveladze and Birjukov, 2000) of 100 coins from
the collection of the National Bank of Uzbekistan. It includes Achaemenids, Alexander of Macedon,
Seleucid, Parthia, Elymais, Early Sogdian, Western Kshatraps, Kushan, Sasano-Kushan, Sasanian and
imitations, Khoresm, Chach, Turgesh Khanate, Abbasid, Arab-Sasanian, Samanid, Qarakharanids, Great
Seljuq, Chingizid, Chaghatayids, Timurid, Shaybanid, Manghits of Bukhara, Khans of Khoqand, Khans of
Khiva. Every coin is photographed enlarged and in color, and again at actual size in black and white.
Rtveladze, E. V. and Sh. R. Pidayev. Katalog Drevnikh Monet Yuzhnovo Uzbekistana. Akademiya Nauk
Uzbekskoi SSR, Institut Arkheologii, Tashkent, 1981.
Catalogue of Greco-Bactrian and Kushan coins from southern Uzbekistan. Includes a chapter on chemical
analysis. Coins are not well described, and photos are pretty miserable.
Rtveladze, E. V. and L. L. Rtveladze. Pervyi Fel’s Yakhii ibn Asada/ The First Fals of Yahya ibn Asad. Epigrafika
Vostoka, Volume XXI, pp. 30-31, 1972.
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Description of a very rare Samanid fals of Yahya b. Asad struck in Binkat (Tashkent, al-Shash). It is undated.
There is a good line drawing.
Rubtsov, M. V. Dengi Velikogo Knyazhestva Tverskogo/ Coins of the Grand Princes of Tver. Originally
published in Tver,1906. Reprinted and expanded by Izdatel’stvo LEAN, Tver, 1996.
An expanded reprint of the coins from the Russian city of Tver. It includes both copper and silver. Although
over 400 coins are listed, there are very few illustrations or photographs. The book includes a list of all of
Rubtsov’s publications and a nice bibliography of the numismatics of Tver.
Rudakov, V. G. K Voprosu o Dvukh Stolitsakh v Zolotoi Orde i Mestopolozhenii Goroda Gulistana/ On the
Question of Two Capitals of the Golden Horde and the Location of the City of Gulistan. Pp. 305-323, In: I.
V. Belotserkovskaya (ed.) Nauchnoye Naslediye A. P. Smirnova I Sovremenniye Problemy Arkheologii
Volgo-Kam’ya. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya Volum 122, Moscow, 2000.
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Through the use of old maps (14 and 15 Century), contemporary writings (ibn Battuta and others) and the
location of coin hoards (especially copper) the author concludes that Saray and Saray al-Jadida were located
at the same place, present-day Selitrennoye, and that Gulistan was nearby at present-day Tsarenskoye. He
reproduces two old maps in the text.
Rulau, Russell. U. S. Merchant Tokens, 1845-1860. Second Edition. Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin, 1985.
United States token coinage from the end of the Hard Times era to the beginning of the Civil War. Includes
valuations.
Rulau, Russell. Hard Times Tokens, 1832-1844. Third Edition. Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin, 1987.
Hard Times tokens of the United States. Includes valuations.
Ryabtsevich, V. N. Dva Monetno-Veshchevykh Klada IX v. iz Vitebskoi Oblasti/Two Coin-Artifact Hoards from
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the 9 Century from the Vitebski Province. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. V, pp. 121-160, 1965.
Large hoards of Umayyad and Abbasid dirhams and jewelry found in Byelorussia. The article has tables of
mints and dates and a few photographs of some of the rarer pieces.
Ryabtsevich, V. N. Numizmatika Belarusi. Polymya, Minsk, 1995.
History of the coins of Belarus. Includes Roman, Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid, Samanid, Volga Bulgar,
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Byzantine, Ancient Rus’ (Kiev), 8 and 9 Century France and Germany, Bohemian, English, Polish, Golden
Horde (plate 23), Lithuania, Poland, Spain, Netherlands, Germany, Teutonic Knights, Prussia, Livonian
Order, Kurland, Sweden, Hungary, Denmark, Monaco, France, Moscow (grand princes), Russia, USSR. In
addition to an extensive numismatic history illustrations throughout the text, there are 244 plates of coins. And
22 plates of heraldic devices, monograms and other abbreviations, and Cyrillic dates.
Ryazantseva, T. V. and A. V. Maksimov. Yaroslavskie Monetnie Klady/ Coin Hoards in Yaroslavl. pp. 12-103
In: A. M. Selivanova, Klady Zemli Yaroslavskoi, Yaroslavl Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Yaroslavl, 1995.
A detailed listing of hoards of coins of all ages found in Yaroslavl, beginning with Kufic coins and running
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through the 20 century. A total of 143 hoards are listed. There are no coin descriptions, but there is a good
bibliography.
Saenz-Diez, Juan Ignacio. Las Acunaciones del Califato de Cordoba en el Norte de Africa. Vico & Segarra,
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Madrid, 1984.
The first part of the book is a discussion in Spanish of Umayyad coins from Cordoba, Spain. The second part
is a discussion of coins of Umayyad Spain issued by Hisham II from North African mints.
Saenz-Diez, Juan Ignacio. Ibn Shuhayd y el Ano 404. I. Jarique de Estudios Numismaticos Hispano-Arabes,
Institucion Fernando el Catolico, Zaragoza, pp.165-168, 1988.
The description of a coin of Ibn Shuhayd of al-Andalus, 404. He was vizier of Abd ar-Rahman I.
Sanchez-Giron Blasco, Jose M. Monedas de Marruecos, 1879-1971/1298-1390. Published by the Author, Ceuta,
Spain, 1972.
A bilingual (Spanish and English) treatment with valuations of the modern coinage of Morocco. Includes
photographs of each coin type. The book is organized by mints within each ruler.
Sandrock, John E. Copper Cash and Silver Taels: The Money of Manchu China. Gateway Press, Inc., Baltimore,
Maryland, 1995.
Not a catalogue, but rather a great economic and numismatic history of the Ch’ing/Manchu Dynasty of China.
A great deal of the book is devoted to banknotes, and there are many plates of early banknotes. There are also
many photos of China circa 1900.
Sarasan, Beena. Coins of the Venad Cheras. Poorna Publications, Calcutta, 2000.
th
South Indian coins from AD 1125 to the 19 Century. The earliest coins have a spider and crocodile between
lines of Nagari script. Copper coinage resembles that of the Cholas. There are also Travancore Chuckrams
and Fanams. Decent catalogue and history.
Sarfaraz, Ali Akbar and Feridoun Avarzamani. Sekkeha-ye Iran/Coins of Iran. Teheran, 1389/2000. In Persia.
A textbook of Persian numismatics covering ancient through modern Islamic times. It covers Achaemenid,
Parthian, Elymais, Characene, Sasanian, Arab-Sasanian/Tabaristan, Umayyad, Abbasid, Tahirid, Saffarid,
Samanid, Buwayhid, Ghaznavid, Seljuq, Ilkhan, Sarbadarid, Timurid, Aq Qoyunlu, Safavid, Afsharid, and
Zand coinage. The chapters on the pre-Islamic coinage have nice guides to identifying coins.
Sass, Benjamin. The Silver and Billon Coins Minted at Constantinople under Sultan Mahmud II (1223-1255 H).
ANS Museum Notes, Vol. 18, pp. 167-175, 1972.
An analysis of the Islamic Ottoman coinage of Mahmud II.
Saurma-Jeltsch, Hugo Frhr. v. Schlesische Muenzen und Medaillen. Robert Nischkowsky, Breslau, 1883.
Reprinted and expanded by Alfred Szego, Oakdale, New York, 1973.
Includes early bracteates of Breslau and Silesia, coinage of the bishopric of Breslau, Liegnitz-Brieg,
Muensterberg-Oels, Wuertemberg-Oels, Braunschweig-Oels, Teschen, Troppau, Jaegerndorf, Reichenstein,
Glatz, Schweidnitz, Muensterberg, Oppeln-Ratibor, Sagan, Krossen, Glogau, the city of Breslau, Silesia under
Bohemia, Silesia under Prussia, several small cities, and medals. The book includes a glossary of
abbreviations and legends on coins, a description of coats of arms, a list of saints on coins, and a list of mints
and mintmasters.
Saurma-Jeltsch, Hugo Frhr. v. Die Saurmasche Muenzsammlung deutscher, schweizerischer und polnischeer
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Gepraege von etwa dem Beginn der Groschenzeit bis zur Kipperperiode. Verlag von Adolph Weyl, Berlin,
1892. Reprinted by Die Gesellschaft fuer internationale Geldgeschichte e. V., Frankfurt am Main.
German states, Swiss cantons and Polish coinage, heavily illustrated.
Sauvaire, M. H. Materiaux pour servir a l’histoire de la numismatique et de la metrologie musulmanes. Journal
Asiatique, 7e. Serie, vol. 14 (1879), pp. 455-533; vol. 15 (1880), pp. 228-277,421-478; vol. 18 (1881), pp.
499-516; vol. 19 (1882), pp. 23-77, 46-163, 281-327. Bound photocopy.
A long discussion of the metrology of Islamic coins taken from original Arabic and other sources. A great
part of it is different denominations of coins and their weights. In no way a key to identification, and there are
no drawings or photos of coins.
Sauvaire, M. H. Lettre a M. Stanley Lane Poole, sur quelques Monnaies Orientales Rares our Inedites de la
Collection de M. Ch. de l’Ecluse. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 1-19,
July, 1881. Original offprint.
The description of two coins, a dirham and a dinar, of the Sallarid dynasty. The majority of the article is a
very detailed analysis based on contempory and other texts as to who the Sallarids were.
Sauvaire, M. H. Materiaux pour Servir a l’Histoire de la Numismatique et de la Metrologie Musulmanes.
Deuxieme Partie - Poids. Journal Asiatique, pp. 1-202, 1885. Photocopy.
A second installment in his study of metrology of Islamic coins.
Savel’ev, P. S. Dopolnenia k Opisaniyu Samanidskikh Monet/ Additions to Descriptions of Samanid Coins.
Trudi Vostochnago Otdyeleniya Imp. Arkheol. Obshchestva, 1855, Part I, pp. 406-421, 1855.
Additions to Tiesenhausen’s major work on Samanid coins. It includes 53 coins in all three metals that were
not covered in Tiesenhausen’s original. Full descriptions where appropriate. Only a few of the coins have
line drawings.
Savel’ev, P. S. Monety Dzhuchidskiye, Dzhagataiskiye, Dzhelairidskiye’ i Drugiye, Obrashchavshiyesya v Zolotoi
Ord’e Epokhu Tokhtamysha. Vypusk Pervyi/ Coins of the Jujids, Chaghatayids, Jalayrids and Others,
Circulating in the Golden Horde at the Time of Tokhtamish., First Part. Zapiski Imperatorskago
Arkheologicheskago Obshchestva, Volume XII, Sankt Peterburg, pp. 1-180, 1857.
Important early catalogue on coins of the Golden Horde from Muhammad Uzbek through Toqtamish.
Includes Caucasian mints of Toqtamish. Has a coin of Mubarak Khodzha. Coins of Timur with
Suyurghatmish and Mahmud (these are the Chaghatayid coins mentioned in the title) and Jalayrid coins of
Sultan Husayn and Ahmed. Five plates of line drawings.
Savel’ev, P. S. Monety Dzhuchidskiye, Dzhagataiskiye, Dzhelairidskiye’ i Drugiye, Obrashchavshiyesya v Zolotoi
Ord’e Epokhu Tokhtamysha/ Coins of the Jujids, Chaghatayids, Jalayrids and Others, Circulating in the
Golden Horde at the Time of Tokhtamish., Second Part. Zapiski Imperatorskago Arkheologicheskago
Obshchestva, Volume XII, Sankt Peterburg, pp. 181-342, 1858.
Description of an immense hoard of Golden Horde coins from Toqtu through Toqtamish, with Jalayrid,
Timurid/Chaghatayid and others. A continuation of the 1857 work.
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting. Krause Publications, Iola, WI, 1996.
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A basic introduction to collecting ancient coins. Includes identification tips, basic literature, grading and
storage, themes to a collection, and discussions of the different periods of ancient history from which one can
collect coins. A good informative introductory work.
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II. Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Krause Publications, Iola,
WI, 1997.
Lots of history, geography and biography along with better aids to identification of types than in volume I.
The high point is an analysis of the people, figures and objects found on coins and what they mean and who
they were.
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III. The Roman World - Politics and Propaganda. Krause
Publications, Iola, WI, 1997.
Explanation of the titles, mintmarks, and portraits found on coins of Ancient Rome. Good history,
Bibliographic references to each emperor. Perfect introduction to Roman coins.
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting IV. Roman Provincial Coins. Krause Publications, Iola, WI, 1998.
An introduction to Roman Provincial coinage. Lots of history, charts for reading the Greek legends, photos of
select types. The provinces are discussed individually. Great introduction.
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting V. The Romaion/ Byzantine Culture. Krause Publications, Iola, WI,
1998.
Perhaps the only book that could make Byzantine coins interesting. Like the first volumes of this series, there
is great history, tips for identification, maps, lists of legends, etc.
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting VI. Non-Classical Cultures. Krause Publications, Iola, WI, 1999.
The final installment in this great series. It covers the Dark Ages, Celts, Central Asia, China, Armenia, Huns,
Persia, Sasanians, India, Palestine, and early Islamic coins. There is an incredible amount of information in
the book, including tables of alphabets and fantastic bibliographic information. As in the previous volumes,
there are great maps, photographs and historical overviews.
Schaendlinger, Anton C. Osmanische Numismatik. Handbuecher der mittelasiatischen Numismatik, Band III.
Klinkhardt & Biermann, Braunschweig, 1973.
An introduction to Ottoman coinage. It is primarily a list of mints with historical background of each and
tables of which sultans issued coins from which mints in different years.
Scheers, Simone. Un Complement a l'Atlas de Monnaies Gauloises de Henri de la Tour. Maison Platt, Paris and
A. G. van der Dussen, Maastricht, 1992.
A reattribution of many coins included in de la Tour's original atlas, with cross references of many to more
current catalogues. There is a nice bibliography of references to different areas of Celtic coinage.
Schembri, Canon H. Calleja. Coins and Medals of the Knights of Malta. Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1908. Reprinted
by Spink and Son, Ltd., London, 1966.
Standard reference of the coins and medals of the Knights of Malta. Coins from 1530-1798.
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Schena, Eric. Money in the Northern Blue Ridge of Virginia: A Numismatic History. Including the counties of
Clarke, Fauquier, Frederick, Loudoun, & Warren. Prepublication Manuscript. 2003.
An incredibly well-researched history of currency and tokens issued in these five counties of Virginia. In
addition to being a catalogue of all types known to the author, it also provides information on the merchants
and banks who issued them. Rich will illustrations of advertising fliers, menus, photographs of banks, etc. A
great effort that needs to be published soon.
Schive, C. I. Norges Mynter i Middelalderen. With Introduction by Kolbjorn Skaare. Pilegaards Forlag, Aalborg,
1974.
Essentially an oversized atlas of line drawings of medieval coinage of Norway (and Denmark) from the tenth
century until 1537. Includes some Norse Viking issues and many varieties of Harald Hardrada. It includes
tables of weights, sizes, where coins were found, etc.
Schjoth, Fredrik. Chinese Currency: Currency of the Far East. Originally Published London and Oslo, 1929.
Second Edition revised and edited by Virgil Hancock, Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin, 1965.
The standard reference on Chinese coinage. Also includes Japan, Korea and Annam. Excellent guide on
reading and translating characters, dating coins, history. Line drawings in over 130 plates, and several
photographic plates. Includes 1965 price guide.
Schlickeysen, F. W. A. and Reinhold Pallmann. Erklaerung der Abkuerzungen auf Muenzen der neueren Zeit, des
Mittelalters and des Altertums sowie auf Denkmuenzen und muenzartigen Zeichen. 4. Auflage. Verlag W.
Spemann, Berlin and Stuttgart, 1896. Modern reprint by Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, 1961.
An extensive listing of abbreviations on coins, including Greek and Roman, with aids to coin identification.
Includes monograms.
Schlumberger, Gustave. Numismatique de l'Orient Latin and Supplement & Index Alphabetique. Ernest Leroux,
Paris, 1878 and 1882 (supplement). Reprint by Akademische Druck u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria, 1954.
In French.
The standard work on medieval coinage of the Crusader states. There is one volume of text, including the
supplement and index, and a second volume of plates. Includes Syria, Palestine, Cyprus, Edessa, Antioch,
Jerusalem, Tripolis, Rhodes, The Order of St. John of Jerusalem and Rhodes, Constantinople, Salonica,
Achaea, Moree, Athens, Negrepont, Epirus, Corfu, and others. Extensive historical treatment of each
individual ruler of each locality, including those individuals who did not issue coinage.
Scholten, C. De Munten van de Nederlandsche Gebiedsdeelen Overzee, 1601-1948. J. Schulman, Amsterdam,
1951.
One of the standard references on Dutch colonial coinage. It covers the VOC coinage, Java, Sumatra,
Subaraya, Malacca, Ceylon, India, Curacao, Brazil, other possessions in the West Indies. There are decent
black and white photographs of most types.
Schratz, Wilhelm. Die Conventionsmuenzen der Herzoge von Bayern und der Bischoefe von Regensburg vom
Ende des XII. bis Anfang des XIV. Jahrhunderts. Verhandlungen des historischen Vereines von Oberpfalz
und Regensburg, Stadtamhof, 1880. Reprint by Alfred Szego, West Sayville, New York, 1972.
An addition to the joint coinage of the Dukes of Bavaria and the bishops of Regensburg originally enumerated
209

y Beierlein. It includes variations on coins described by Beierlein and additional types not included by him.
Schratz, Wilhelm. Muthmassliche Zutheilung der Regensburger Gemeinschaftsmuenzen von Mitte des 11. bis
Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts. Numismatische Zeitschrift 22, pp. 25-46, Vienna, 1890. Reprinted by Alfred
Szego, West Sayville, New York, 1982.
A scholarly account of the joint coinages of the Dukes of Bavaria and the bishops of Regensburg, identifying
types to different combinations of duke and bishop and arranging the coins in chronological order.
Schultz, Warren C. Mahmud ibn ‘Ali and the “New Fulus”: Late Fourteenth Century Mamluk Egyptian Copper
Coinage Reconsidered. American Journal of Numismatics, Volume 10, pp. 127-148, 1998.
A discussion of the historical events leading up to a change in the weight standard of Mamluk fulus.
Schultz, Warren C. Mamluk Monetary History: A Review Essay. Mamluk Studies Review, Volume 3, pp. 183-204,
1999.
An essay on how money circulated and was valued duirng the Mamluk times. He first discusses the
numismatic evidence, including the strengths and weaknesses of Balog’s Corpus (the author prefers
cataloguing by mint series, rather than by reign and metal), the importance of coin hoards and other
provenance data, and the problems imposed by treasure trove laws. He then summarizes information from
literary and documentary evidence. Finally, he discusses a theoretical divide in numismatic scholarship, with
one school focusing on theoretical aspects of how money circulated and the other focusing on various literary
and documentary sources. His conclusion is that we need to bridge the divide to be most able to evaluate
numismatic evidence as a part of historical investigation.
Schultz, Warren C. Ayyubid and Mamluk coins Preserved in the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 60(4), ppl 269-273, 2001.
A list of 14 Ayyubid and 33 Mamluk coins. No coin descriptions with legends, no drawings or photographs.
Cross-referenced to Balog’s works on both dynasties.
Schultz, Warren C. Mamluk Metrology and the Numismatic Evidence. Al-Masaq, Volume 15, Number 1, pp. 59-75,
2003.
Contemporary literature shows that the Mamluks used the Mithqal and Dirham standards, but it has been
difficult to determine just how much each of these standards weighed. Gold coinage of the Mamluks was
clearly linked to the Mithqal standard with an average weight of 4.29 grams, slightly heavier than the classic
standard of 4.25 grams. The Mamluk dirham standard was around 3.0 grams, but the data are sketchy. This is
also slightly heavier than the classic Dirham standard of 2.97 grams.
Schultz, Warren C. “It Has No Root Among Any Community That Believes in Revealed Religion, Nor Legal
Foundation for Its Implementation”: Placing al-Maqrizi’s Comment on Money in a Wider Context. Mamluk
Studies Review, Volume 7(2), pp. 169-181, 2003.
A discussion of al-Maqrizi’s quotation regarding copper coinage of the Mamluk sultanate in light of monetary
policy in general and a lack of central control over monetary circulation.
Schultz, Warren C. The Circulation of Dirhams in the Bahri Period. In Michael Winter and Amalia Levanoni,
Editors, The Mamluks in Egyptian and Syrian Politics and Society, Brill, Leiden, pp. 221-244, 2004.
Metrology and monetary history of the first 150 years of Mamluk coinage beginning with the significant
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design change implemented by Baybars.
Schultz, Warren C. Mansa Musa’s Gold in Mamluk Cairo: A Reappraisal of a World Civilization Anectode. Pp.
428-447 In: Judity Pfeiffer and Sholeh A Quinn (editors), History and Historiography of Post-Mongol Central
Asia and the Middle East. Studies in Honor of John E. Woods. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2006.
Mansa Musa was a king of Mali (AH 712-738/ 1312-1337 CE). He was a Mulsim and is said to have spent so
much gold while passing through Cairo on his way to Mecca that he depressed the value of gold for years.
Cairo was the capital of the Mamluk Sultanate. The original anecdote appeared in the writings of the
contemporary scribe al-‘Umari. The author examines the anecdote in light of known references to exchange
rates between gold and silver and concludes that Mansa Musa’s gold was only one of many factors that caused
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fluctuations in exchange rated in the first part of the 14 century.
Schultz, Warren C. and Haim Gitler. A Mamluk Bronze Weight in the Israel Museum, with Further Comments on this
Rare Metrological Species. American Journal of Numismatics, Volume 12, pp. 205-214, 2000.
The weight weighs 5.94 grams, the approximate weight of 2 Bahri Mamluk dirhams. It was found in the
Syrian provinces of the Sultanate. Glass weights tend to be found in Egypt. The authors conclude that
Mamluk dirhams circulated by weight.
Schwarz, Dietrich and August Puentener. Nidwaldner Muenz- und Geldgeschichte. Nidwaldner Kantonalbank,
Stans, 1980.
A history and catalogue of the coinage of Nidwalden, a half-canton (with Obwalden) in the canton of
Unterwalden, Switzerland. The history begins with the Roman times. The catalogue includes coinage of Uri-
Schwyz-Nidwalden, Bellinzona mint (1503-1548), Uri-Nidwalden, Bellinzona mint (1506-1529), Schwyz,
Bellinzona mint (1506-1543), Uri (1520), Uri-Schwyz-Nidwalden, Altdorf mint (1548-1605), Uri-Nidwalden,
Altdorf mint (1600-1605), Uri, Altdorf mint (1548-1600), Schwyz, Altdorf mint (1548-1600), Nidwalden,
Altdorf mint (1548-1600), and Nidwalden, 19th century.
Schwarz, Florian. Sylloge Numorum Arabicorum Tuebingen. Ghazna/Kabul. XIVd Hurasan IV. Ernst Wasmuth
Verlag, Tuebingen, 1995.
The second installment in the Sylloge. Includes the mint towns of Bamiyan, Panghir, Ghazna, Farwan,
Firuzkuh, Qaristan, Kabul. Dynasties include Ghorids of Bamiyan, Khwarizmshahs, Saffarids, Banijurids
(Amirs of Badakhshan), Samanids, Ghaznavids (also listed separately as Amirs of Ghazna), Ghorids,
Chingizids (Great Mongols), Chaghatayids, Civic Coppers, Timurids, Moghuls, Afsharids, Durrani, Barakzai.
Particularly strong on the Ghaznavid Yamini dirhams.
Schwarz, Florian. Sylloge Numorum Arabicorum Tuebingen. Balh und die Landschaften am oberen Oxus. XIVc
Hurasan III. Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, Tuebingen, 2002.
The volume describes and illustrates on 181 pages and 79 b/w plates 1.526 Islamic coins minted in what
corresponds to modern northern Afghanistan and Tadjikistan; about half of the coins were minted in Balkh,
the other mints are Andaraba, Badakhshan, Tashqurghan, Tirmidh, Hisar, Khuttal, Rasht, Saghaniyan,
Tayiqan, Kishm, Wakhsh, Walwalij / Qunduz, al-Yun/Khust ("lands on the Upper Oxus", as the German title
translates). It contains sections on multiple dirhams (ca. 170) with all die links (a separate study is under
way), but the Balkh coinage is the most important part of the book (e.g. the Seljuk and Janid periods). The
dynasties covered are Abbasid, Banijurid, Samanid, Saffarid, Ghaznavid, Umayyad, Great Seljuq,
Khwarizmshahs, Chaghatayid, Shah of Badakhshan, Timurid, Safavid, Civic coppers, Qarakhanid, Ghorid of
Bamiyan, Amir of Balkh, Chingizid, Ilkhan, Shaybanid, Janid, Taghaytimurid, Walid, Amir of Qunduz,
Khuttal, Muhtajid, Amir of Wakhsh, Amirs of al-Yun.
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Schweikert, Helmut. Les Monnaies Tunisiennes depuis 1859. De l'avenement de Mohamed Sadok Pacha Bey a la
Republique Tunisienne. Ernst Battenberg Verlag, Muenchen,1973.
A useful book on recent coinage of Tunisia, including the last Ottoman sultans with influence there. Includes
Arabic legends with transliterations and translations (into French). All coins photographed.
Scott, J. Gavin. British Countermarks on Copper & Bronze Coins. Spink & Son Ltd., London, 1975.
A compendium of countermarks of England and Ireland found on copper coins. Most are countermarks of
merchants. The host coins in the catalogue are sometimes from outside of England.
Seaby, B. A. Catalogue of the Coins of Great Britain and Ireland. First Edition? B. A. Seaby, Ltd., London,
1934.
This is apparently the first attempt by B. A. Seaby to publish a catalogue not only of their inventory, but of the
entire field of British and Irish coins. This is a hard-bound ex-library copy with a notice inside “In the
interests of cleanliness, public health, and the preservation of public property, readers are requested not to wet
their fingers when turning over the leaves of books, periodicals, etc.
Seaby, H. A. Roman Silver Coins I. Republic to Augustus. Third Revised Edition, Revised by David R. Sear and
Robert Loosley, Seaby Publications, London, 1978.
The first of five volumes of silver coinage of Rome. It is arranged like Sear’s books on ancient coinage, with
some pieces illustrated and prices in Sterling. Good for introduction to the field.
Seaby, H. A. and Rayner, P. Alan. The English Silver Coinage from 1649. Fourth Edition. B. A. Seaby, Ltd.,
1974.
Silver coinage, including patterns, with detailed breakdown by varieties and with rarity designation by date
and variety.
Seaby, H. A. and P. J. Seaby. Standard Catalogue of British Coins. Volume 1. Coins of England and the United
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Kingdom. 34 Edition (1999) Spink & Son, Ltd., London, Also 25th Edition (1990), 23rd Edition (1988,
edited by Mitchell and Reeds), 20th Edition (1984, edited by Frank Purvey), 18th Edition (1981, edited by
Peter Seaby and P. Frank Purvey), and 16th Edition (1978, edited by Peter Seaby and P. Frank Purvey).
British coins from Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon and post-Conquest England and Great Britain. The 16th
Edition was the first in the larger format.
Seaby, Peter. Seaby's Standard Catalogue. Part 3. Coins and Tokens of Ireland. B. A. Seaby, Ltd., London,
1970.
Coins, coin weights, tokens, and imitation halfpennies of Ireland, from Hiberno-Norse through present. Much
more in-depth coverage of tokens than later edition. Only treatment in Seaby guides of coin weights and
imitation halfpennies.
Seaby, Peter and Monica Bussell. British Tokens and their Values. B. A. Seaby, Ltd., London, 1970.
Tokens of England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, from the 17th through the
19th centuries.
Seaby, Peter, and P. Frank Purvey. Standard Catalogue of British Coins. Volume 2. Coins of Scotland, Ireland &
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the Islands. B. A. Seaby, Ltd., London, 1984.
Coinage of Scotland, Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey, Isle of Man and Lundy.
Sear, David R. Byzantine Coins and their Values. First Edition. B. A. Seaby, Ltd., London, 1974.
Coinage of the Byzantine Empire from 491 (Anastasius I) through 1453 (Constantine XI).
Sear, David. S. Roman Coins and their Values. Second Revised Edition. B. A. Seaby, Ltd., London, 1974.
Roman coinage from the first Republican coinage (269 B.C.) through the fall of the Roman Empire
(Anastasius I, died 518, but transition to Byzantine Empire begins 498).
Sear, David R. Greek Coins and their Values. Volume 1. Europe. B. A. Seaby, Ltd., London, 1978.
Introduction to Ancient Greek coinage of Europe, including Spain, Gaul, Britain, Celtic coinage of central
Europe and Asia Minor, Italy, Sicily, Northern Greece, Illyria and Central Greece, Peloponnesos, the
Cyclades and Crete. There is a brief account of the history and development of coinage, sections on general
coin types, weight standards and denominations, dating, reference books and ancient alphabets, as well as
several useful maps. Includes 3,395 coins and 1500 illustrations.
Sear, David R. Greek Coins and their Values. Volume 2. Asia & Africa. B. A. Seaby, Ltd., London, 1979.
Introduction to Ancient Greek coinage of Asia and Africa, including Asia Minor, the East, Egypt and North
Africa, and the Hellenistic monarchies. There is a brief account of the history and development of Greek
coinage, sections on coin types, weight standards and denominations, dating, reference books, and ancient
alphabets, as well as many maps and a glossary. Includes over 4000 coins and nearly 2000 photographs.
Sear, David R. Greek Imperial Coins and their Values: The Local Coinages of the Roman Empire. B. A. Seaby,
Ltd., London, 1982.
Introduction to coins issued by the Roman Empire in Greece and autonomous issues that circulated
simultaneously. The book is divided into three parts, with Greek Imperial coinage described chronologically
by Roman emperor, each subdivided into areas of issue; quasi-autonomous coinage that does not mention a
particular Roman emperor; and contemporary coinages of Britain, Thrace, Judea, Mesopotamia, Babylonia,
Parthia, Mauretania and other areas. Over 6,000 coins are described, with 1,750 photographs and ten maps.
The text includes a discussion and listing of types and inscriptions, denominations and marks of value, dates,
table of major eras, conversion tables, and an alphabetical listing of mints.
Sears, Stuart D. A Monetary History of Iraq and Iran, ca. CE 500 to 750. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of
Chicago, August, 1997.
An in-depth study of late Sasanian and of Arab-Sasanian (including Tabaristan) numismatic history. He
examined more than 4000 coins. It is not a catalogue, but rather is a narrative history that develops the mints,
personages who issued coins, etc.
Sears, Stuart D. An ‘Abbasid revolution hoard from the western Jazira (al-Raqqa?). American Journal of
Numismatics, Second Series, Volume 12, pp. 171-193, 2001.
The description of a hoard of 1187 dirhams from 38 mints with a terminal date of AH 132, the time of the
Abbasid revolution. The hoard was likely buried during the time of the conflict and not recovered. There
were no pre-reform coins in the hoard.
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Sears, Stuard D. Before Caliphal Coins: Transitional Drahms of the Umayyad North. American Journal of
Numismatics, Second Series, Volume 15, pp. 77-110, 2003.
Arab-Sasanian types attributed to mints in the northern provinces, which includes Georgia, Armenia,
Azerbaidjan, eastern Anatolia, the Jazira and Iraq. There is a Shahada type imitating Hormizd IV drachms
with the mint ZWZWN or GWGWN, probably struck at Darband. The second is a Jaza hadha type imitating
Khusro II with mint legends GD, SW,SY and AY, most likely struck in Dabil (Armenia) from AH 73 - 75.
The final group also imitates Khusro II and has the name Muhammad, with one set having the mint legend A
or AY, the second SWY, SY and S. These are attributed to a mint B in Armenia and Harran, respectively, and
were struck probably from AH 75-78. A thorough analysis with catalogue and good photos.
Sedwick, Frank. The Practical Book of Cobs. Published by the Author, Maitland, Florida, 1987.
A good introduction the Spanish Colonial coinage with many aids for attributing coins. Nice historical
overview, decent photos highlighting coin types of different monarchs.
Seifeddini, M. A. Organizatsiya Monetogo Dela v Gosudarstve Ilkhanov v XIII-XIV vv./Organization of Monetary
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Affairs in the Ilkhan Government in the 13 - 14 Centuries. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. VII, pp. 144-
148, 1968.
A brief monetary history of the Islamic Ilkhan dynasty. Does not include coin descriptions.
th
Seifeddini, M. A. Monety Il’khanov XIV Veka/Coins of the Ilkhans in the 14 Century. Akademiya Nauk
Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Baku, 1968.
One of the few general treatments of the Islamic Ilkhan dynasty. The chapters outline the coinage of each
khan with much historical text. Legends are written out in the text. There are tables of mints and dates and
summaries of the different types of each khan. Plates are poor to mediocre but readable.
Seifeddini, M. A. Monety s Nadpis’yu "Ulug Mangil Ulus-Bek"/Coins with the Inscription "Ulug Mangil Ulus
Bek". Numismatika i Epigrafika, Vol. IX, pp. 115-121, 1971
Islamic Mongol coinage of the Chingizid Turakina.
Seifeddini, M. A. Nekotorye Svedeniya ob Azerbaidzhanskom Gosudarstve Aksunkuridov/ Some Information on
the Aksunkurid (Ildegizid) Dynasty of Azerbaijan. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XXI, pp. 35-39, 1972.
Five copper types of Qizil Arslan of the Ildegizid dynasty. There are photos of four coins a descriptions of
each type.
Seifeddini, M. A. Nekotorye Svedeniya o Pervykh Dirhemakh, Dinarakh i Denezhnykh Terminakh v Khalifate/
Some Information on the first Dirhams, Denars and Monetary Expressions of the Caliphate.
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik Posvyashchayetsya Pamyati D. G. Kapanadze, pp. 83-97. Akademiya Nauk
Gruzinskoi SSR, Tbilisi, 1977.
An article about the different legends found on Arab-Sasanian coins, including those of Tabaristan.
Seifeddini, M. A. Monetnoe delo i Denezhnoe Obrashchenie v Azerbaidzhane, XII-XV BB. (Coinage System
and Coinage Circulation in Azerbaijan, XII-XV Centuries). 2 Volumes. Published by the Academy of
Science of the Azerbaijan SSR, Baku, 1978 and 1981. In Russian.
The Islamic coinage of Azerbaijan, including Ildegizid, Khaqanid (Shirvanshahs), Pishkinid, Chingizid (Great
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Mongols), Ilkhan, Golden Horde, Jalayrid, Muzaffarid, Timurid, and Qara Qoyunlu dynasties. Volume II
includes a table of all rulers, dates and mints known from the area, with references to photos on plates. The
body of the work is mostly text, but coin descriptions are found within.
Seifeddini, M. A. Monetnye Kladii, Naidennye v Azerbaidzhane v 1968-1971 gg./Coin Hoards Found in
Azerbaijan from 1968-1971. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. XIV, pp. 126-132, 1984.
Islamic coins found in Azerbaijan and Shemakhi. Includes Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Shemakhi. Includes
some legends and one photographic plate of coins.
Seipel, Wilfried. Weihrauch und Seide: Alte Kulturen an der Seidenstrasse. Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien,
Vienna, 1996.
This is a will-produced catalogue that accompanied an exhibit of coins and artwork of the ancient and
medieval Silk Road. The articles were all from the Ermitage in St. Petersburg. There is an incredible amount
of history in the book. It covers Phoenicians and other ancient coins of the Arabian Peninsula, Roman
coinage, Achaemenids, Seleukids, Arsacids, Sasanians, Baktrian and Indo-Greeks, Indo-Parthians, Kushans,
Kushano-Sasanians, Hephthalites, Sogdians, countermarked Sasanian, Khoresm, Chach, Ferghana, Khotan,
Kuche. The photographs are exceptional. Good maps of the different areas. The best thing I’ve found on the
Silk Road.
Sejbal, Jiri. Dejiny Penez na Morave/The History of Money in Moravia. Blok, Brno, 1979.
Moravian (Czech) monetary history from ancient times to the present. It includes Celtic, Greek, Roman and
medieval coinage and modern coinage and banknotes. There are good photos of coins, dies, medieval
artwook with coin themes, and other artifacts. The text is in four languages - Czech, German, Russian and
English. It is not a comprehensive catalogue, but rather an overview of the coinage.
Sellier, Robert. Bayerische Muenzkataloge. Band 4. Die Muenzen und Medaillen des Hochstifts Freising. Huho
Geiger Verlag, Gruenwald, 1966.
Coins and medals of the Bavarian bishopric Freising (Germany) from 985 - 1790. Includes coinage of other
places that bear the arms or name of bishops of Freising between 1500 and 1790.
Sellwood, David. An Introduction to the Coinage of Parthia. Second Edition. Spink and Son Ltd., London, 1980.
A great introduction to identification of Parthian coins. Each king has his own chapter with drawings of
portraits, legends, monograms, etc. There are decent photographic plates, maps, lists of mints, and other aids
to identification of these coins. There is not much history provided, however.
Sellwood, D., P. Whitting and R. Williams. An Introduction to Sasanian Coins. Spink & Son, Ltd., London,
1985.
Not a comprehensive catalogue, but much easier to use than Goebl. The book includes a history of Persia,
including that before the Sasanians, lists of mints, plates of crowns, and a catalogue of coin types with
historical notes for each ruler.
Semenov, V. E. Monety Dopetrovskoi Rusi/ Russian Coins up to the Time of Peter the Great. Izdatel’stvo ZAO
KONROS, St. Petersburg, 2004.
Small catalogue of Russian coins beginning with ancients, imitation Byzantine, a few Islamic coins found in
Russia, early Zlatniks and Srebrenikis, grivnas, principalities, and wire money of pre-Petrine united Russia.
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Decent overview with line drawings and medium-quality photos.
Serbian Numismatic Society. Numizmatikar, Volumes 1-19. Belgrade, 1978-1996
Scholarly articles on ancient coins, medieval Serbian coins, and Ottoman coins found in the Balkans. Maybe
someday I’ll even catalogue the articles.
Sergeev. A. Ya. Varvarskiye Denarii v Oblastyakh ot Podunav’ya do Zakavkaz’ya. Moneta: Mezhdynarodnyi
Numizmaticheskii Al’manakh No. 2, pp. 4-23, 1995.
Nice article on barbarous denarii from the Caucasus, especially the Taman peninsula. Includes the imitations
of the Marcus Aurelius Walking Mars type, but also has others. Decent photographs of eight of the types.
Sergeev, A. Ya. Varvarskii Chekan na Tamani/ Barbarous Coins from Taman. Pp. 61-88 In: A. S. Belyakov and
A. A. Molchanov, Numizmatika v Istoricheskom Muzee, Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya,
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik Chast’ 14, Moscow, 2001.
Barbarous imitations of Roman coins of Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius, most with the walking Mars
reverse, in silver and copper. The article attempts to arrange the emissions chronologically (judged by the
amount of degradation of the original design). Very interesting article about these little-known imitations.
Illustrated with photos.
Serrure, Raymond. L'imitation des types monetaires Flamands. Alfred Vromant & Cie, Bruxelles, 1899.
Reprinted by A. G. van der Dussen, 1972.
A comprehensive treatise on the imitations of the coinage of Flanders (1244-1384).
Severova, M. B. Mednye Monety Iranskikh Gorodov S Nadchekanennym Dvuglavym Orlom/ Iranian Civic
Coppers Countermarked with a Two-Headed Eagle. Proshloye Nashei Rodiny v Pamyatnikakh Numizmatiki,
Gosudarstvennyi Ordena Lenina Ermitazh, Leningrad, pp. 183-197, 1977.
Nice Iranian Civic Coppers of various types countermarked with a two-headed eagle, the symbol of the
Russian empire. The author suggests that the countermarks originated in Georgia.
Severova, M. B. Dva Vida Redkikh Kommemorativnykh Numizmaticheskikh Pamyatnikov Vremeni
Khulaguidov/ Two Types of Rare Commemorative Numismatic Tokens from the Time of the Hulaguids.
Numizmatika v Ermitazhe, Sbornik Nauchnykh Trudov, pp. 66-71, 1987.
A description with photos and drawings of two Ilkhan commemorative copper tokens struck during the reign
of Uljaytu. They both have scorpions on them and were struck to commemorate the dedication of Sultaniya as
the new Ilkhan capital in AH 713. Album 2190A and 2190B.
Severova, M. B. Kollektsiya Monetnykh Shtempelei Khivinskogo Khanstva iz Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha/ The
Collection of Coin Dies of the Khiva Khanate in the Hermitage Museum. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume
XXIV, pp. 94-114, 1988.
A fantastic collection of 345 dies from the Khiva Khanate, AH 1234-1328. There are line drawings of the
various cartouches represented, legends written out in Arabic, and some nice photographs of some of the
types.
Severova, M. B. Popolnenie Fonda Dzhuchidskikh Monet Ermitazha (Po Materialam Starokrymskoi
Arkheologicheskoi Ekspeditsii)/ Additions to the Hermitage Collection of Jujid Coins(Materials of the Stary
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Krim Expedition). Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha LIV, Leningrad, pp. 43-46, 1990.
A description of nine Golden Horde coins from the Crimea. The coins are photographed, and legends are
transliterated into Russian in the text. Six silver (three counterstruck with tamgas) and three are copper.
Severova, M. B. O Monetakh Kurdskikh Pravitelei Bidlisa Kontsa XIV - XVI Vekov/ On Coins of the Kurds Ruling
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in Bidlis from the end of the 14 - 16 centuries. Pp. 327-345, in Vilinbakhov, G. V. (Editor),
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik 1998, Gosudarsvennyi Ermitazh, Sankt-Petersburg, 1998.
Description and photos of coins of the Emirs of Bidlis/Bitlis, a Kurdish dynasty whose coins are extremely
rare. According to the author, there are only 17 coins known from the dynasty. The coins are in the names of
Shams al-Din b. Ziya al-Din, Ibrahim b. Shah Muhammad, and Sharaf b. Muhammad. Listed in Album as the
Sharaf Khans.
Severova, M. B. I Snova o Monete s Imenom Nogaya, a takzhe o redkoi Krymskoi Monete s dvumya Tamgami/ A
Further Note on a Coin with the name Nogai, and on Rare Coins of Qrim with two Tamgas. Desyataya
Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Moscow, pp. 76-79,
2002.
A description of the only unambiguous coin with the name of Noghay, but from the Qrim mint, not Saqci.
There are also coins of Toqtu from Qrim with two tamgas, one apparently from Noghay. The coin of Noghay
from Qrim has only the Jujid tamga. The second tamga appears to be a crude or degraded rendition of the
analogous Noghaid tamga on coins of Saqci. There is a photograph of the Noghay coin of Qrim and one
example of the double tamga dirham of Toqtu from Qrim. Golden Horde.
Severova, M. B. Numizmaticheskii Material (Zolotoya Orda, XIV Vek), poluchennyi v Khode Arkheologicheskikh
Rabot na Sharenom Bugre v. 1966 godu. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik 2003, Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh, Sankt-
Petersburg, pp. 71-80, 2003.
A list of coin finds plus a description and illustration of new copper coins of Hajji Tarkhan.
Shagalov, V. D. and A. V. Kuznetsov. Catalogue of Coins of Chach, III-VIII A.D. Akademii Nauk Respubliki
Uzbekistan, Izdatel’stvo “FAN”, Tashkent, 2006.
An expansive well-produced bilingual (Russian and English) catalogue of the ancient coins of Chach
(Tashkent). It divides the coins into groups by Tamga type after Rtveladze’s scheme. Unlike most (all?) prior
works on this coinage, the authors write out the legends and variants in the original script. Translations are
included in the text. The photographs are above-average, and there are drawings in plates at the end of the
book. The English translation takes some getting used to.
Shake, Glen. Coins of the Khazar Empire. Trimillennium Pubs, Allen, Texas, 2000.
A nice overview of what is known about Khazar coinage, most of which comprises imitations of other Islamic
coinage (Abbasid and Samanid). The book has very few illustrations, but it does provide a history of the
Khazars, a history of the study of Khazar coinage, a good bibliography, and sections on techniques of
numismatic study.
Shamma, Samir, A Hoard of Fourth Century Dinars from Yemen. ANS Museum Notes, Volume 17, pp. 235-239,
1971.
Coins from the Abbasids in Yemen, AH 331-362. Coins described with Arabic legends written out and
photographs of seven coins.
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Shamma, Samir. A Catalogue of ‘Abbasid Copper Coins. Al-Rafid, London, 1998.
A catalogue of ‘Abbasid coppers arranged by province and mint. All legends are written out. Good maps.
There are indices of annulets and other geometric designs, mints, legends, hoards, year/mints, and proper
names. The only downside is that there are very few illustrations or photos.
Shams-Eshragh, A. A Study of the Earliest Coinage of the Islam Empire. Estack Co., Isfahan, 1990/1369.
This is an overview of the coinage, not a substantial catalogue. It is in Arabic with some English. Different
chapters explain Abjad letters, Kufic legends on Umayyad and Abbasid, Umayyad mints and dates, Dirhams
of Abu Muslim, rulers’ names on Arab-Sasanian coins, Pahlavi alphabet, numbers and mints, Arab-Byzantine
mints and coins, Umayyad coppers, tables of Umayyad mints and dates. There 48 plates showing coins and
illustrating what is discussed in the text.
Sharafeev, N. M. Monetnyi Dvor Zolotoi Ordy ‘Il’-yi” Mu’azzam ili Ordu Mu’azzam?/ The Golden Horde Mint
“Il’-ui Mu’azzam or Ordu Mu’azzam? Pp. 55-56 In: Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh
Konferentsii. Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV -
MNK Bolgar 2005, V - MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
Using die linkages and analysis of epigraphic characteristics, the author shows that the mint Il‘-ua Mu’azzam
on coins of Ulu Muhammad and Dawlat Birdi is actually a blundered rendition of Ordu Mu’azzam.
Shaw, William and Mohd Kassim Haji Ali. Malacca Coins. Muzium Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1970.
A short museum publication outlining the history of the coinage of Malacca, including the Malay
Sultanata(1400-1511), Portuguse Occupation (1511-1641) and Dutch Occupation (1641-1795). It is not a
complete catalogue, but does have many coins illustrated with good line drawings.
Shaw, William and Mohd. Kassim Haji Ali. Tin “Hat” and Animal Money. Muzium Negara, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, 1970.
A short museum publication on Malaysian tin money on the form of animals and tin “hat”. Nice explanation
of the importance of tin in commerce and nice photos, especially of the ingots in the shape of animals. Less
useful for tin hat money, for which Singh is the best.
Shchekin, V. P. Klad Serebryanykh Dinarov i Dirkhemov Chagataidov XIV v./ A Hoard of Silver Dinars and
th
Dirhams of the Chaghatayids from the 14 Century. Epigrafika Vostoka, Vol. XXIII, pp. 60-62, 1985.
A hoard of 24 coins, anonymous and Kebek, from Bukhara, Samarqand, Termez, and Otrar. Partial legends
are written out in Arabic, and there is a nice table of tamgas. The coins range in date from AH 722-730.
There are great photos of twelve of the coins.
Shchelokov, A. A. Monety SSSR. Financy i Statistika, Moscow, 1986. In Russian.
Excellent catalogue of Soviet coins, with much explanatory text and descriptions of many subvarieties of
coins. Well illustrated.
Shchelokov, A. A. Monety SSSR. Financy i Statistika, Moscow, 1989. In Russian.
Excellent catalogue of Soviet coins, with much explanatory text and descriptions of many subvarieties of
coins. Well illustrated. A later edition.
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Shore, Fred B. Parthian Coins & History: Ten Dragons Against Rome. Classical Numismatic Group, Quarryville,
Pennsylvania, 1993.
The first half of the book is an introduction to Parthian history. The second half is an introduction to the
coinage, with lots of photographs and descriptions of the coins. The end of the book has tables of mints,
dates, legends, etc. Together with Sellwood there should be no problems identifying most Parthian coins.
Shorin, P. A. Monety Velikogo Knyazhestva Ryazanskogo (2-ya polovina XIV - 1-ya polovina XV vv)/ Coins of
nd th st th
the Grand Princes of Ryazan (2 half of the 14 - 1 half of the 15 centuries). Autorefereat, Moscow, 1971.
A summary of the author’s doctoral dissertation. It attempts to attribute the anonymous coinage of Ryazan to
particular princes based on the style of the tamga struck on other coinage. There are no illustrations of the
tamgas, just text.
Shorin, P. A. K Voprosy o Nadchekanke Tamgi na Monetakh Velikogo Knyazhestva Ryazanskogo/ On Questions
of Overstruck Tamgas on Coins of the Grand Princes of Ryazan. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik,
Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Part IV, Number I, pp. 11-19, 1971.
A discussion, without illustrations, of different types of Ryazan countermarks.
Shorin, P. A. K Atributsii Odnoi Gruppy Monet s Nadchekankoi Ryazanskoi Tamgi/ On the Attribution of a
Group of Coins with Overstruck Ryazan Tamgas. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii
Muzei, Part IV, Number I, pp. 20-27, 1971.
An attempt to attribute variations in the tamgas on Ryazan coins to specific rulers. There are two plates of
coins and drawings of tamgas.
Shorin, P. A. Bukvenniye Nadchekanki na Dzhuchidskikh Dirkhemakh i Podrazhaniyakh Im/ Cyrillic Letter
Countermarks on Jujid Dirhams and Imitation Dirhams. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Seriya IX,
1971(6), pp. 62-73, 1971.
Alphabetic countermarks by the Principality of Ryazan on Golden Horde dirhams and imitations thereof.
There is a good table of the variations of the countermarks and a long list of the host coins upon which the
different countermarks are found.
Shorin, P. A. Moskovskii Klad Novgorodskikh Denezhnikh Slitkov/ Moscow Hoard of Novgorod Ingots.
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik I, Part Five, pp.181-192. Trudi Gosudarstvennogo Ordena Lenina Istoricheskogo
Muzeya, Moscow, 1977.
A description of the legends and designs stamped on a small hoard of silver ingots of medieval Novgorod.
Shpeneva, L. Klad Mednykh Monet iz Tashkentskoi Oblasti Kontsa XV-Nachala XVI v/A Hoard of Copper Coins
th th
from the Tashkent Oblast from the End of the 15 to the Beginning of the 16 Century. In: Rtveladze, E. V.,
Numizmatika Uzbekistana, Akademiya Nauk Uzbekskoi CCR, Tashkent, 1990, pp. 100-115.
Central Asian copper coins of the Timurids and Shaybanids. Includes descriptions of all the coin types and
countermarks. In many ways it duplicates Davidovich’s work in this area.
Shpeneva, L. Yu. Klad Mednykh Monet Pervoi Poloviny XVII v./ A Hoard of Copper Coins from the First Quarter of
th
the 17 Century. Numizmatika No. 19, pp. 20-23, November, 2008.
Eleven types of Central Asian coppers from Andigan, Bukhara, Samarqand, Tashkent, Yassy, and without
219

mint names. Line drawings and photographs. Two of the types have fish on them.
Sidorenko, V. A. Khronologiya Pravlenii Zolotoordynskikh Khanov 1357-1380 gg/ The Chronology of
Governments of the Golden Horde Khans. Pp. 267-288, In Materialy po Arkheologii, Istorii I Ethografii
Tavrii, Vol. VII, Krymskovo Natsional’noi Akademii Nauk Ukrainy, Simferopol, 2000.
An important analysis of the reigns of Golden Horde khans from Birdi Beg to Toqtamish. This is the period
of the rival khans, and the author establishes a chronology of reigns and devised a table for who reigned in
what mint towns in what order and in what years. One of his conclusions is that the coins are not a good
indication of the years that people reigned, as many have ‘anachronistic’ dates from using dies of previous
reigns or from errors in die cutting. Extremely important for understanding the complex numismatics of the
time. There are few coin descriptions, although there is a good long list of anachronistic coins with some line
drawings.
Sieg, Frovin. Siegs Seddelkatalog Slesvig, Plebiscit Zone I og II samt Nodpengesedler fra Sonderjylland. Frovin
Sieg, Skals, Denmark, 1969.
Notgeld banknotes from Schleswig. Some are in Danish, some in German. Nice photos of notes.
Siemsen, Carl. Das Notgeld Portugals, 1917-1922. Band 41 der Schriftenreihe “Die Muenze”. Buchdruckerei
Erich Proeh, Berlin, 1973.
A small booklet on Notgeld of Portugal during the post-war rampant inflation in Europe.
Simmen, J. and H. Simmen. Schweizerische Muenzkataloge. VII. Solothurn (Soleure). Societe Suisse de
Numismatique, Bern, 1972. In German.
Coinage of the Swiss canton of Solothurn from 1260 through 1830.
Simonetti, Luigi. Monete Italiane Medioevali e Moderne. Volume I. Casa Savoia. Parte I. Luigi Simonetti,
Firenze, 1967. In Italian
The coinage of the Italian House of Savoy from Oddone (1056) through Carlo Emanuele I (1630).
Simonetti, Luigi. Monete Italiane Medioevali e Moderne. Volume I. Casa Savoia. Parte II. Luigi Simonetti,
Firenze, 1968. In Italian.
The coinage of the Italian House of Savoy from Vittorio Amedeo I (1630) through Vittorio Emanuele II
(1861).
Singatullina, Al’fira. Dzhuchidskiye Monety Povolzhskikh Gorodov XIII v. (Materialy iz Kataloga). Tatarskaya
Arkheologiya, Vol. 1(2), Institut Istorii Akademii Nauk Tatarstana, Kazan, 1998.
Analysis of more than 250 different coins of the Golden Horde (Jujid) dynasty. There are no descriptions of
the coins, but there are great line drawings of each coin grouped by the mint that issued them.
Singatullina, Al’fira. Dzhuchidskiye Monety Povolzhskikh Gorodov XIII Veka. Isdatel’stvo Zaman, Kazan, 2003.
A hardcover volume greatly expanding the work from her 1998 study of Golden Horde coins. This is the
most extensive coverage of the anonymous, mostly anepigraphic, Bulghar coinage published to date. There
are 273 types fully described with superb line drawings and clear photographs. It includes early coinage in
the name of al-Nasir, Mongke and Ariq Buqa, coins of the Bulghar mint, including Mengu Timur, Toda
220

Mengu, Tula Buqa, anonymous dated coinage, anepigraphic and other Bulghar coinage, and coins of Bilyar,
Kerman, Sarai and Ukek. Very important and well done.
Singh, P. N. Coins Bearing the Names of Muhammad Bin Sam and Prithviraja III: A Reappraisal. Studies in
Memory of Paul Balog. Israel Numismatic Journal, Volume 10, pp. 113-116, 1988-1989.
The author suggests that the coins were issued by the Ghorid king Muhammad b. Sam without an honorific
with the name Prithviraja Deva. He further suggests this was done after the defeat of Prithviraja Deva at the
battle of Tarain, and that it was done for a smooth circulation of the coins.
Singh, Saran. The Encyclopaedia of the Coins of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, 1400-1967. Second Edition.
With 1997 Price Guide. Malayasia Numismatic Society, Kuala Lumpur, 1996.
History and catalogue of the Malaysian states, Singapore and Brunei, including native, Portugese, Dutch and
English issues. It includes coins and tokens, with a historical introduction to each chapter and photos of
important people and places. All coins are photographed. Those with Arabic legends have transliterated
legends written out, but the photos are for the most part good enough to read the Arabic with the transliterated
legend. Definitely makes sense of an area for which there are only scattered references.
Sizganov, A. A. Imennoi Pul Myurida Gyulistanskoi Chekanki (Probnaya Moneta?)/ A Pul in the name of Murid
Struck in Gulistan. (A Coin Pattern?). P. 57 In: Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii.
Monety i Denezhnoye Obrashchenie v Mongol’skikh Gosudarstvakh XIII-XV Vekov. IV - MNK Bolgar
2005, V - MNK Volgorad 2006, Numizmaticheskaya Literatura, Moscow, 2008.
An undated Gulistan copper of the Golden Horde ruler Murid Khan.
Skaare, Kolbjorn. Moneta Norwei. Norsk Mynt i Tusen Ar. Universitetets Myntkabinett, Oslo, 1966. In
Norwegian.
A short (48-page) richly illustrated overview of the coinage of Norway from the earliest Viking coinage
through modern times. Includes a two-page bibliography.
Skaare, Kolbjorn. Coins and Coinage in Viking-Age Norway. The establishment of a national coinage in Norway
in the XI century, with a survey of the preceding currency history. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 1976.
A history of early coinage of Norway. Includes a survey of finds of Roman, Merovingian, Frankish, Anglo-
Saxon, Kufic, Byzantine and German coins of the early 11th century and before. There is a detailed account
of 11th century coinage struck in Norway. Includes 22 plates of coins and a great bibliography.
Skaare, Kolbjorn. Norges Mynthistorie, Volumes 1 and 2. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 1995.
A history and catalogue of Norwegian coinage and banknotes from the earliest coins struck in 995 to the
present. The book was published to commemorate 1000 years of Norwegian coinage. Volume one is a
sparsely illustrated history of the coinage, written in Norwegian, and includes coinage circulating, but not
struck, in Norway. Volume 2 is an extensive catalogue, with a series of maps, an extensive bibliography, and
several indices. The medieval coin descriptions include variations of legends, lists of moneyers and lists of
mint towns. An excellent set.
Smirnova, O. I. Materialy k Svodnomu Katalogu Sogdiiskikh Monet/ Material for a Catalogue of Sogdian Coins.
Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume VI, pp. 3-45, 1952.
An early article on bronze Sogdian coins from the Pendzhikent finds. The author describes Chinese coins of
221

the Kai-yuan type, some with tamgas, the majority of the square-holed types (attributed for the most part to
named Ikhshid Sogd rulers), and many others. There are no illustrations except for drawings of tamgas. The
coin legends are transliterated, as seems always to be the case with these, but not written out in the original
form.
Smirnova, O. I. Pervyi Klad Sogdiiskikh Monet/ The First Hoard of Sogdian Coins. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume
X, pp. 1-13, 1955.
A hoard of square-holed cash-type coins found in Pendzhikent, a type with the name Pendzhikent in the
legend and a nice tamga on the reverse. The author also describes the technique by which the coins were cast.
Smirnova, O. I. Neizdannii Fel’s iz Raskopok na Gorodishche Drevnego Pyandzhikenta/ Unknown Fals from
excavations at the Ancient Pendzhikent site. Kratkiye Soobshcheniya Instituta Istorii Material’noi Kul’turi,
Number 61, pp. 103-106, 1956.
An Abbasid fals from Samarqand, AH 149, in the name of Da’ud bin Kuraz.
Smirnova, O. I. Zametki o Sredneaziatskoi Titulaturye po Monetnym Dannym/ Notes about Central Asian Titles
from Information on Coins. Epigrafika Voskova XIV, pp. 55-70, 1961.
Deciphering two titles, one Sogdian, one Arabic, on Sogdian coins.
Smirnova, O. I. Katalog Monet c Gorodishcha Pendzhikent. Izdatel’stvo Vostochnoi Literaturi, Moscow, 1963.
In Russian.
A description of hoards of coins found near Pendzhikent in Tadzhikistan. Most of the coins are Sogdian, both
Sino-Sogdian and others. There are also many Islamic coins, the majority of which are Abbasid. There are
photos and line drawings of most Sogdian types.
Smirnova, O. I. Numizmaticheskiye Zametki/ Numismatic Notes. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XVIII, pp. 34-40.
1967.
Three notes on three Sogdian legends found on square-holed copper coins (the first two) and on a
countermark on Sasanian coins (or imitations) of Peroz. Coins are photographed.
Smirnova, O. I. Perviye Monety iz Usrushany/ The First Coins from Usrushana. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XX,
pp. 59-64, 1971.
A description of eight coins (six types) of Sogdian-type coppers from Usrushana. The coins have a portrait on
the obverse, a characteristic lambda-shaped tamga and Sogdian legend naming a ruler on the reverse. The
coins are all photographed. As always, the legends are transliterated, but never reproduced in their original
form.
Smirnova, O. I. Svodnnyi Katalog Sogdiiskikh Monet: Bronza/ Catalogue of Sogdian Coins: Bronze. Izdatel’stvo
Nauka, Glavnaya Redaktsiya Vostochnoi Literaturi, Moscow, 1981. In Russian.
This is the most complete reference to date on bronze coins of Sogdiana and Chach. There are almost 1700
coins listed, arranged by type. There is a great deal of analysis and history. Most types are illustrated with
photos and line drawings. The only major shortcoming is that the Sogdian legends are not written out as they
appear on the coins. It would be very helpful to have complete legends reconstructed by compiling the partial
legends found on different coins.
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Smith, David Spencer and Akram Khabibullaev. Paper Money of the Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkistan - Part
I. Issues of Kashgar. International Banknote Society Journal, Volume 37(2), pp. 17-22, 1998. (Photocopy)
History and banknotes of Kashgar, Sinkiang/Xinjiang during the 1920s and 1930s.
Smith, David Spencer, Akram Khabibullaev and Jennifer Fu. Paper Money of the Warlord Ma Hu-Shan in Khotan,
Sinkiang, 1934-1937. International Banknote Society Journal, Volume 38(2), pp. 20-24, 1999.
(Photocopy)
Paper money and history of Khotan, Xinjiang, after the collapse of the Turk-Islamic Republic of Eastern
Turkistan in 1934 until the vall of Ma Hu-shan’s regime in 1937.
Smith, John Masson, Jr. The Silver Currency of Mongol Iran. Jour. Economic and Social History of the Orient,
Vol. XII, pp. 16-41, 1969. Photocopy.
A discussion of weight standards and historical context of Ilkanid coinage. No descriptions of coins, although
there are lists of mints of coins of Hulagu.
Smith, John Masson, Jr. The History of the Sarbadar Dynasty, 1336-1381 A. D., and its Sources. Mouton, The
Hague, 1970.
An impressive history of the Sarbadar and Walid dynasties based on contemporary literary sources and
numismatic sources. The history goes into great detail about relationships with the Ilkhans (Taghay Timur
especially) and the Timurids. The coin descriptions are extensive and include the different types of Taghay
Timur. There are great enlarged photos of the coins.
Smith, John Masson, Jr. And Frances Plunkett. Gold Money in Mongol Iran. Journal of the Economic and Social
History of the Orient, Volume XI, pp. 275-297, 1968.
The authors perform an extensive analysis based on contempory writings and metrological analysis of coins
that silver was the only full money during the Ilkhan reign in Persia and that gold was a commodity traded by
weight. There was no gold standard for coins. They provide tabular data of weights of Ilkhan and Great
Seljuq gold coins. There is a photograph of a gold coin from Abu Sa’id with the inscription ‘nisf mithqal’
(half mithqal).
Smith, Ward D. and Brian Matravers. Chinese Banknotes. Shirjeh Publishers, Menlo Park, California, 1970.
An extensive alphabetical catalogue of Chinese banknotes with explanations of all the issuing entities,
multiple appendices and indices. Most notes illustrated. Much more detailed than Pick. Important.
Smychkov, Konstantin. Mednie Poserebrennye Dirkhemy Termeza 615-616 gg.x. iz Klada, Naidennovo v
Yuzhnom Uzbekistane/ Silver-plated Copper Dirhams of Tirmidh/Termez, 615-616 AH, from a Hoard Found
in Southern Uzbekistan. Numizmatika i Faleristika 2000(1), p. 32-34.
Two types (square/circle and circle/dodecagon) from Termez dated AH 615 (both types) and 616
(square/circle type). Very good line drawings and legends written out. They are from the Khwarizmshah
ruler Muhammad b. Tekish.
Soboleva, N. A. K Voprosy o Monetakh Vladimira Olgerdovicha/On the Question of Coins of Vladimir
Olgerdovich. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. VIII, pp. 81-87, 1970.
th
Coins of the 14 century Prince of Kiev, Russia, Vladimir Olgerdovich.
223

Somod, Jorgen. Danmarks Monter fra Middelalder til Nutid samt Norges Monter, 1481-1813. Sieg's Forlag,
Skals, Denmark, 1973. In Danish, with English and German summaries and a tri-lingual glossary of
translations of key words in Danish text.
Valuations of coins of Denmark, Norway, Oldenborg, Wolfenbuettel, Bremen, Iceland, Greenland, and the
Danish West Indies. Earlier coins by type, later by date. Few photographs.
Sorenson, David W. The History of the Yemen in the Tenth Century. Alex G. Malloy Inc., Medieval Coins
Catalogue XXXI, pp. 4-8, 1995.
A brief note on the Islamic Rassid dynasty of the Yemen, with a classification scheme for the barbarous
imitations of the sudaysi of al-Nasir. A historical note with photos. A sale catalogue of Rassid sudaysi
follows.
Soret, F. Neizdanniya Vostochniya Monety/ Unknown Eastern Coins. Trudy Vostochnavo Otdel. Imp. Arkheol.
Obshchestva, 1856, Volume II, pp. 422-466, 1856.
Umayyad, Abbasid, Spanish Umayyad, Taifas, asrids, Idrisids, Aghlabids, Tulunids, Samanids, Qarakhanids,
Ghaznavid, Ghorid, Buwayhid, Mandanid, Uqaylid, Seljuq, Artuqid, Atabegs, Fatimids, Muwahhid, Merinid,
Hafsid, Ayyubid, Muzaffarid, Ilkhan, Jalayrid, Jujid/Golden Horde, Timurid, Qara Qoyunlu, Shirvanshahs.
There is a preface by P. Savel’yev. Coins are fully described, one plate of line drawings.
Sotnikova, M. P. Itogi Izucheniya Russkikh Monet X-XI Vekov v Gosudarstvennom Ermitazhe/ Results of Studies
th th
of Russian Coins of the 11 - 12 Centuries in the Hermitage. Proshloye Nashei Rodini v Pamyatnikakh
Numizmatiki, Gosudarstvennyi Ordena Lenina Ermitazh, Leningrad, pp. 4-11, 1977.
A few Srebreniks from Kiev. The work is actually a summary of the author’s compilation of a corpus of all
known specimens.
Sotnikova, M. P. O Nekotorykh Drevnegrecheskikh Syuzhetakh na Russkikh Monetakh XV Veka/ On some Ancient
th
Greek Motifs on Russian Coins of the 15 Century. Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, Volume
XLVII, pp. 79-82, 1982.
The ascent of Alexander, Herakles and the Nemean Lion, figures of various mythological monsters on copper
coins of Tver and Moscow. Interesting article, great photos.
Sotnikova, M. P. Nachal’nii Period (1420-1447) Suverennoi Chekanki Velikovo Novgoroda/The Initial Period of
Independent Coinage in Great Novgorod. Mezhdunarodnii Numizmaticheskii Al’manakh, Moneta No. 3,
Vologda, pp. 4-21, 1995.
Different varieties, especially in the legends, of the early Russian Novgorod denga with the man kneeling
before a sovereign. There are photos of five of the coins.
Sotnikova, M. P. Denezhnyi Chekan Velikogo Novgoroda v 1447 g./Coins of Great Novgorod in 1447.
Mezhdunarodnii Numizmaticheskii Al’manakh, Moneta No. 6, Vologda, pp. 27-35, 1999.
In Novgorod, Russia, in 1447, old coins were immobilized and new coins issued. The author analyzes which
types were after the reform of 1447. There is a sequence of photos of the types that she concludes are from
1447.
Sotnikova, M. P. and I G. Spasskii. Tisyacheletie Drevneishikh Monet Rossii: Svodnyi Katalog Russkikh Monet
th th
X-XI Vekov/A Millenium of Russian Coins: Comprehensive Catalogue of Russian Coins of the 10 - 11
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Centuries. Iskusstvo Leningradskoe Otdeleniy, Leningrad, 1983.
A beautiful book on the coinage of Kiev in the Ukraine. These are among the earliest Russian coins. Almost
300 coins are photographed and described. All the legends are written out. This book is much higher quality
than most Soviet-era publications.
Sourdel, Dominique. Inventaire des Monnaies Musulmanes Anciennes du Musee de Caboul. Institut Francais de
Damas, Damascus, 1953. Bound photocopy.
Islamic coins in the Museum of Kabul. Includes Umayyad, one Abbasid partisan, a very rare Kharijite
partisan coin of Tanbuk, Abbasid, Banijurid (Abu Da'udid), Saffarid (1st and 2nd dynasty), Samanid,
Ghaznavid, Great Seljuq, Qarakhanid (Ilek Khans), Amirs of Nishapur, Chingizid (Chingiz Khan), Taj ed-Din
Harb (Saffarid, third dynasty), Khwarizmshahs, Ghorid, and Ghorid of Bamiyan. Full descriptions of coins
with Arabic legends. A few plates, several different indices at end.
Sourdel, Dominique. Un Tresor de Dinars Gaznawides et Salguqides Decouvert en Afghanistan. Institut Francais
de Damas, Bulletin d’Etudes Orientales, Volume XVIII, pp. 197-219, 1964.
The description of a hoard of 213 gold dinars of the Ghaznavids and Great Seljuqs found in Qunduz. The
Ghaznavid coins ranged from ‘Abd al-Rashid (AH 440-442) through Ibrahim and appear all to be from the
Ghazna mint. The Great Seljuq coins are from Alp Arslan, Arslan Arghun, Barkiyaruq and perhaps Sanjar,
and are from the Herat and Marw mints. The coins are nicely described, and there are decent photographs
that show up well in photocopy.
Sowelam, Adel Abd al-Monem. Dating and Attribution of a Samanid Dirham from Kazan Kremlin Excavation on
the Light of Samanid Dirhams Collection in Cairo. Pp. 79-102, In: F. Sh. Khuzin et al. (Eds)
Srednevekovaya Kazan’: Vozniknoveniye I Razvitiye. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi Nauchnoi Konferentsii
Kazan’, 1-3 Iyunya 1999 Goda, Kazan’, 2000.
The attribution of a fragment (half) of a Samanid dirham missing the part with mint and date. There is an
overview of Samanid history. He determines tha tthe coins is one of Isma’il b. Ahmad struck at al-Shash.
There are plates and descriptions of several dirhams and dinars for comparison to the fragment.
Spadone, J. G. Catalog of Modern Japanese, Korean, Manchukuo Coins. Phoenix Publishing Company, Tokyo,
1960.
Not very useful, but there is a neat dragon on the cover.
Spahr, Rodolfo. Le Monete Siciliane dai Bizantini a Carlo I d'Angio (582-1282). Publication de l'Association
Internationale des Numismates Professionnels No. 3. Kommissionsverlag Akademische Druck- und
Verlagsanstalt, Graz, 1976.
The standard reference on the early medieval coinage of Sicily, Italy. It covers the Byzantine period (582-
878), the period of Arab domination (835-1064), and Norman Sicily (1072-1194). The book includes a
historical introduction to each ruler and complete descriptions of coins and variants. Major types are all
photographed. The book does not include the Arabic legends for the period 835-1064, but does include a
translation into Italian. A book on how to read Arabic coins would be recommended for this period.
Spassky, I. G. Russkaya Monetnaya Sistema. Izdatel’stvo Gosudarstvyennogo Ermitazha, Leningrad, 1962.
The original Russian version of the classic work on Russian coins.
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Spassky, I. G. The Russian Monetary System. A Historico-Numismatic Survey. Jacques Schulman N. V.,
Amsterdam, 1967.
A historical survey of Russian coinage from earliest times through the Soviet Union. Richly illustrated.
Spassky, I. G. Numizmatika v Ermitazhe/Numismatics in the Hermitage. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. VIII,
pp. 123-234, 1970.
A history of the coin collection and the numismatists involved in the Hermitage.
Spassky, I. G., E. S. Shchukina, and Khudozhnik I. Ptakhova. Medali i Moneti Petrovskovo Vremeni/ Medals and
Coins of the Petrine Epoch. Published by The Hermatige, Aurora Art Publishers, Leningrad, 1973.
Sixteen cards showing coins and medals of Peter I of Russia.
Spassky, I. G. and E. S. Shchukina. Medali i Monety Petrovskogo Vremeni/ Medals and Coins of the Age of Peter
the Great. The Hermitage, Aurora Art Publishers, Leningrad, 1974.
A nicely-done album of photographs of numismatic items from the the time of Russian czar Peter the Great
that are found in the collection of the Hermitage Museum. It is bilingual, Russian and English, and includes a
nice introduction of the historical perspective.
Spassky, I . G. and V. L. Yanin. Sovyetskaya Numizmatika Bibliograficheskii Ukazatel’ 1959-1960 gg.
Dopolneniya k Ukazatelyu za 1917-1958 gg./A Bibliographic Guide to Soviet Numismatics from 1959-1960,
supplemented by a Guide to 1917-1958. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. II, pp. 155-209, 1960.
A bibliography of numismatic literature published in the Soviet Union organized by subject matter.
Spassky, I . G. and V. L. Yanin. Sovyetskaya Numizmatika Bibliograficheskii Ukazatel’ 1959-1960 gg.
Dopolneniya k Ukazatelyu za 1917-1958 gg./A Bibliographic Guide to Soviet Numismatics from 1959-1960,
supplemented by a Guide to 1917-1958. Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. III, pp. 288-304, 1962.
A bibliography of numismatic literature published in the Soviet Union organized by subject matter.
Spengler, William F. and Wayne G. Sayles. Turkoman Figural Bronze Coins and their Iconography. Vol. I - The
Artuqids. Clio's Cabinet, Lodi, Wisconsin, 1992.
A description of types of bronze coins issued by the Islamic Artuqids of Turkey (Anatolia) from the 11th-15th
centuries. Each type gives a complete transliteration and translation of legends, a numismatic commentary, an
analysis of the artistic source of the representations on the coins. The book is broken into the Artuqids of
Hisn Kayfa and Amid, Khartpert, and Mardin. There is a glossary of terms, a good bibliography, and a
concordance with other catalogues and treatments of these coins. Each type is photographed, and other coins
and artworks upon which designs are based are illustrated.
Spengler, William F. and Wayne G. Sayles. Turkoman Figural Bronze Coins and their Iconography. Vol. II - The
Zengids. Clio's Cabinet, Lodi, Wisconsin, 1996.
Identical format to Volume I, but covering the Islamic Zengid dynasties. The book is divided into the Zengids
of Mosul, Lu'lu'ids of Mosul, Zengids of Aleppo, Zengids of Sinjar and Zengids of al-Jazira. Non-figural
coppers are also fully described.
Spufford, Peter. Handbook of Medieval Exchange. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks No. 13, Royal
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Historical Society, London, 1986.
An entire book of tables of exchange rates for all of medieval Europe on a year-by-year basis. Very important
for understanding the relationship among coins of different countries at different times in history.
Spufford, Peter. Money and its Use in Medieval Europe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988.
A historical overview of the use of money, banking and mining in the middle ages. Includes a wealth of
information on what medieval coins could buy.
Sreckovic, Slobodan. Osmanlijski Novac Kovan na tlu Jugoslavije. Published by the author, Belgrad, 1987.
Number 168 of 500 copies. In Serbo-Croatian, with English and Turkish summaries.
A book on the Ottoman coins struck at mints in Yugoslavia. Includes a nice summary of the history of the
Ottoman presence in each mint town, variations in how various legends were written during the reigns of
different sultans, and photos, line drawings and descriptions of all coins known by the author from each mint.
Sreckovic, Slobodan. The Coins of the Osmanli Rulers who fought in the Battle of Kosovo. Numizmaticar, Vol.
12, pp. 53-67, 1989. Photocopy. In Serbian, with English summary.
Copper and silver coins of the early Ottoman sultans Murad I and Bayezid I. English summary.
Sreckovic, Slobodan. Akches (Volume One): Orhan Gazi - Murad II, 699-848 AH. Published by the author,
Belgrade, 1999.
The first of four volumes planned covering the author’s lifelong work on akches. This is an incredible selfproduced
work written while NATO bombed Belgrade, where he lives. It contains his usual detailed line
drawings not just of types, but of die varieties of the early period of Ottoman akches (and a few Germiyan
pieces). There are enlarged photos of many coins, most from the author’s own collection.
Sreckovic, Slobodan. Akches (Volume Two): Mehmed II Fatih - Selim I Yavuz, 848-926 AH. Published by the
author, Belgrade, 2000.
The second volume in this impressive series. In the same format and style as Volume One (see above).
Sreckovic, Slobodan. Ottoman Mints and Coins. Published by the Author, Belgrade, 2002.
Essentially a list of all mints that struck coins for the Ottoman Empire. There is at least one page devoted to
each mint, which includes a map of that mint’s location (great idea!!), drawings of the different styles in which
the mint name was written on coins, the date, year and denomination of all coins for which the mint name is
known, the weights of those coins, and references for the literature in which each coin/mint combination was
found. There is also a list of mint names that have been incorrectly read by previous others and that should be
considered as fantasy mints. A wonderful book for those interested in Ottoman coinage.
Sreckovic, Slobodan. Akches (Volume Three): Suleyman I Kanuni, 926-974 AH. Published by the author, Belgrade,
2003.
The third volume in the author’s sequential treatment of the complicated series of Ottoman akches. This
volume is devoted to the lengthy reign of Sulayman the Magnificent and is as impressive as the earlier two
volumes.
Sreckovic, Slobodan. Akches (Volume Four): Selim II Sari - Murad III, 974-1003 AH. Published by the author,
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Belgrade, 2005
The fourth and probably most important of volume of the author’s magnificent treatment of Ottoman akches.
This volume covers the reigns of the two sultans who followed Sulayman I. The coinage is usually poorly
struck, holed and difficult to read. Slobodan has done his usual painstakingly thorough job of organizing
these two difficult reigns into a useful corpus and catalogue. We should all be grateful for his efforts. The
production is as impressive as the earlier three volumes.
Sreckovic, Slobodan. Akches (Volume Five): Mehmed III - Mustafa I, 1003-1032 AH. Published by the Author,
Belgrade, 2007.
Fifth in this magnificent series. Mehmed III, Ahmed I, Osman II, Mustafa I
Sreckovic, Slobodan. Dve retke akce kovane u Srbiji za vreme Osmanlija/ Two rare akches struck in Serbia during
Ottoman times. Dinar No. 30, p. 12, 2008.
Belgrad 926 of Sulayman I and Kuchaina 926 of Sulayman I. Photos and line drawings.
Sreckovic, Slobodan. Akches (Volume Six): Murad IV - Ahmed III, 1032-1143 AH. Numus, Sremska Mitrovica,
Belgrade, 2009. In Serbian, with separate English Addendum.
Sixth in the series. Murad IV, Ibrahim, Mehmed IV, Sulayman II, ahmed II, Mustafa II, Ahmed III.
Staatsbank der DDR. Die Banknoten und Muenzen der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. VEB Verlag fuer
Verkehrswesen, Berlin, 1989.
Actually a very nice catalogue of banknotes and coinage of East Germany. It includes pre-1948 types, but
mostly covers issues after the division of East and West Germany. It is especially useful for the
commemorative issues, which are more fully described than in Krause.
[Stack, Lawrence R.] The Stack Collection: Important Ancient British, Anglo-Saxon and English Hammered Coins.
Sotheby’s, London, April 22-23, 1999.
A catalogue of an extraordinary collection of Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon and later hammered coins of
England, with a few from Scotland, a nice collection of Hiberno-Norse from Ireland, and some from Sweden
and Denmark. Every lot is photographed, many enlarged, and some extreme rarities in color. A fabulous
catalogue. Where possible, the pedigree of the coins is given.
Stadelmaier, P. Rupert. Muenzgeschichte an Diemel und Glinde. Verlag Joh. Schulte, N.-Marsberg. No date.
The coinage of Marsberg and Koeln. Marsberg, in Westphalia, was a mint for coinage of Koeln, and also
issued its own coinage.
Stahl, Alan M. The Venetian Tornesello: A Medieval Colonial Coinage. American Numismatic Society
Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 163, New York, 1985.
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A discussion of the use of the Venetian Tornesello in the 14 and 15 centuries in Greece and Crete, and a
desription of parts of the huge Chalkis hoard.
Stahl, Alan M. Coinage and Money in the Latin Empire of Constantinople. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, No. 55, pp.
197-206, 2001.
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The Latin Empire in Constantinople was created when the Byzantine Empire was temporarily ousted during
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the 4 Crusade in 1204 and lasted until 1261. There has been a question whether the Latin Kingdom actually
issued coins. No coins are known with the names of the Latin emperors. Stahl concludes that the lack of a
stable government and lack of a solid economic base prevented them from issuing their own coins. Monetary
transactions were carried out with Byzantine coins and their imitations, plus any coinage imported from
elsewhere, including Islamic, Venetian and others.
Stanislavskii, I. M. Monety Bosporskogo Tsarstva i ikh Stoimost’. Moscow, 2000.
Clearly the most outstanding catalogue of the coins of Cimmerian Bosporus that will be be published in a long
time. There are 837 coins photographed and described with values in three grades. Values are in U. S.
dollars, but seem low. For the later reigns, coins of each date are shown, often with several varieties and/or
types per date. A remarkable book.
Stanislavskii, I. M. Kizikiny i ikh Stoimost’/ Coins of Kyzikos and their Prices. Oformleniye Informelektro,
Moscow, 2000.
A catalogue of 364 different gold coins of archaic Kyzikos/Cyzicus, a Mysian Greek city on the southern
coast of the Black Sea. There is a historical introduction in Russian and English. The coins have valuations
in U. S. dollars in two grades. The photos are adequate, but are in black and white. Eighteen of the coins are
on the front and back covers in color. With these coins being so spectacular and so varied, it is a shame that
all of the photos are not in color.
State Hermitage Museum and State Historical Museum. Sokrovishcha Zolotoi Ordy/ The Treasures of the Golden
Horde. The State Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg) and The State Historical Museum (Moscow), Slavia,
St. Petersburg, 2000. (Trilingual in Tatar, Russian and English).
A lavish publication of mostly ornaments, jewelry and weapons of the Golden Horde. There are a few coins
listed as well, but even they are more important in this case as being used for jewelry. It is a really great book
for learning cultural history of the Golden Horde.
State Hermitage Museum and Kerch State Historical and Cultrual Reserve. Mirmekiiskii Klad/ The Myrmekion
Hoard. Izdatel’stvo Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, St. Petersburg, 2004.
A beautifully produced catalogue of 100 Archaic gold staters of Kyzicus (Mysia) from ancient Greece found
inside a bronze vessel plus gold and silver from the Hermitage collection of Kyzicus, Lampsacos, Theos
(Ionia), Sicily/Syracuse, Miletus/Ionia, Sicily/Segesta, Thrace/Thasos, Italy/Naples, Cyrenaica,
Macedonia/Amphipolis, Lesbos/Metilene, Ionia/Chios, Ionia/Samos, Italy/Taranto, Sicily/Gela, Corinth,
Persis, and other coins from the Archaic period. There are also a few carved scaraboid gemstones from the
Hermitage collection. All are photographed with high quality enlargements. An incredible array of types.
Stern, S. M. The Coins of Amul. The Numismatic Chronicle, Seventh Series, vol. VII, pp. 205-278, 1967.
Photocopy.
Good descriptions of Islamic dynasties from Amul in Tabaristan. Abbasid, 'Alid, Samanid, Ziyarid,
Buwayhid, Great Seljuqs.
Stevovic, Ljubomir S. O Srpskim Dinarima sa Grbom Nemanjica/ On Serbian Coins with the Nemanjic Coat of
Arms. Dinar Number 24, pp. 26-30, 2005.
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Coins of 14 Century Serbia. Nice portraits of six kings.
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Stickel, D. Johann Gustav. Handbuch zur morgenlaendischen Muenzkunde. Erstes Heft - Omajjaden- und
Abbasiden-Muenzen und Zweites Heft - Aeltestemuhammadanische Muenzen bis zur Muenzreform
Abdulmelik’s. Originally published in two parts by F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1845 and 1870. Reprinted as a
single volume by Zentralantiquariat der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, L:eipzig, 1975.
An early work on coinage of the Caliphate by a numismatist at the museum in Jena. Volume one covers the
Umayyads and Abbasids. The second volume covers Arab-Byzantine, Arab-Sasanian, Arab-Bukharan and
other early coinage. Interesting book, but not very useful these days.
Stojakovic, Slobodanka. Durde I Balsic u Svetlu Novcarstva/ Durde I Balsic in Light of his Coinage. Dinar No. 22,
pp. 22-26, 2004.
Serbian coinage of Durde I Balsic (1372-1378). Eleven coins are described with nice photographs.
Studitskii, Y. V. and V. P. Lebedev. Vassal’nyi Chekan 70-x gg. XI v. - Final’nyi Etap Monetnoi Sistemy
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Gandzhiiskogo Emirata Shaddadidov/ Vassal Coinag of the 70s of the 11 Century - The Final Stage of the
Monetary System of the Shaddadid Emirate of Ganja. Drevnosti Povolzh’ya i Drugikh Regionov, Vypusk III.
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Tom II, Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Tsentr ‘Region’, Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 245-
256, 2000.
A hoard of 30 coins (8 types) from the end of the Shaddadid dynasty from rulers previously unknown to have
issued coins. There are coins from Fadl II b. Shawur, others with the laqab Shams al-Mulk, probably from the
time of Fadl III b. Fadl II. All are fully described, and there are good line drawings of each of the eight types.
Stuermer, Wolff. Verzeichnis und Gepraege. Der groben und kleinen Muenzsorten, welche die Kurfuersten,
Fuersten und Staende des Oberen Saechsichen Kreises vermoege des Heiligen Reiches Muenzordnung auf
den Kreis- und Propationstagen verglichen Haben. Originally published in Leipzig, 1572. Reprinted by
Transpress VEB Verlag fuer Verkehrswesen, Berlin, 1979.
Line drawings, contemporary exchange rates of coins circulating in Obersachsen, Germany, in the late 16th
century. Was intended to be used by tradesmen and others.
Suhle, Arthur. Deutsche Muenz- und geldgeschichte von den Anfaengen bis zum 15. Jahrhundert. Deutsche
Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1955.
An excellent overview of the development of German coinage from the sixth century through the fifteenth
century. The discussion includes relevant sections of France, Switzerland, Austria and the low countries. The
book is richly illustrated with 279 photographs of coins scattered throughout the text. There are four maps of
mint towns during various periods of history and two maps of locations of coin finds. The text is richly
annotated. There are appendices of lists of mint towns, identifying each coin-issuing entity as a bishopric,
duchy, etc.
Suhle, Arthur. Kulturgeschichte der Muenzen. Ernst Battenberg Verlag, Muenchen, 1969.
A history of European coinage from ancient to modern. Many illustrations and some color plates. A decent
overview.
Sultan, Jem. The Ever Victorious. A Beginner's Guide to Ottoman Empire Numismatics. Published by the
author, Santa Monica, California, 1971.
A good guide to identification of Ottoman coins (Turkey). Includes a brief historical overview of the Ottoman
Empire, followed by detailed descriptions of how to read the legends and identify the coins. Several line
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drawings and a few photographs.
Sultan, Jem. Coins of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic. A Detailed Catalogue of the Jem Sultan
Collection. B & R Publishers, Thousand Oaks, California, 1977. Number 130 of 1000 copies.
A detailed catelogue of Turkish coins from 1299 to the present. The first volume contains brief historical
overviews and descriptions of coins. The second volume contains 353 plates of photographs, many enlarged
for easier identification. There are no real keys to identification, so Sultan's beginner's guide is essential.
Susenkova, R. S. Klad Mednykh Monet Kontsa XV v. Iz Gornogo Seleniya Sukok Tashkentskoi Oblasti/ A Hoard of
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Copper Coins from the End of the 15 Century from the Mining Village of Sukok in the Tashkent Oblast.
Trudy Sredneaziatskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta im. V. I. Lenina, Arkheologiya Srednei Azii IV, pp.
177-184, 1957.
A hoard of 175 Central Asian Civic Coppers from the AH 890s and 900s from Tashkent/Shash, Samarqand,
Bukhara and Andijan mints. There were also several countermarked pieces with countermarks from
Samarqand, Tirmidh, Bukhara and Tashkent. Some of the more notable varieties are described with line
drawings of reconstructed types.
Sussman, Nathan. The Late Medieval Bullion Famine Reconsidered. The Journal of Economic History, Volume 58,
pp. 126-154, 1998.
The bullion famine, manifested in chronic balance-of-payment deficits with the East, is widely cited as the
cause of the great depression of the Renaissance. The article shows that western Europe could no suffer a
balance-of-;ayments deficit and bullion shortage simultaneously. New data show that it is unlikely that France
suffered a shortage of silver from 1360-1415. Minting volumes diverged between regions according to
economic fortunes. Excess silver stocks were likely hoarded rather than exported. (From the author’s
abstract).
Syedov, A. V. Monety Drevnego Khadramauta/ Coins of Ancient Khadramawt. Rossiiskii Tsentr Strategicheskikh
i Mezhdunarodnykh Issledovanii, Moscow, 1998.
A nice Russian publication on the ancient coins of Khadramawt, southern Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula.
There are nice line drawings of coin types, long tables of variants of types, and an extensive bibliography.
Covers the period up until the arrival of Islam.
Szego, Alfred. The Coinage of Medieval Austria, 1156-1521. Alfred Szego, Oakdale, New York, 1970.
Numbered copy 34.
Line drawings of each type. Includes primarily the wide variety of early Austrian pfennigs.
Szwagrzyk, Josef Andrzej. Pieniadz na Ziemiach Polskich X-XX w. Ossolineum, Wroclaw, 1990.
A really nice publication on the history of coins and banknotes of Poland. There are nice photos on plates in
the back of the book, tables of dates and types, historical overviews in each chapter (in Polish), and an
extensive bibliography. The introduction has been translated into English.
Tabataba’i, Sayyid Jamal Turabi. Sikkeha-ye Islami, durah-i Ilkhani va Gurgani/ Islamic Coins of the Ilkhans and
Gurkhanids. Tabriz, 1349/1970.
The first of the author’s series of catalogues of the Islamic coins of Iran. This is a rather thin volume but has a
good sampling of coin types of the two reigns. Page 50 has my weird Lion coin, which he has as a Timurid
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coin of Abu Sa’id (most likely incorrect). There are very few coppers of the two reigns.
Tabataba’i, Sayyid Jamal Turabi. Sikkeha-ye shahan-e eslami-ye Iran/Coins of the Islamic Shahs of Iran. Tabriz,
1350/1971.
The second in his series of the coinage of Iran. Includes photos, good coin descriptions with legends.
Includes Samanid, Buwayhid, Kakwayhid, Ghaznavid, Great Seljuq (Western Iran), Rum Seljuq, Ildegizid (p.
53), Salghurid and unknown (p. 63), Khawarizmshah, Great Mongols (Chingizid),Ilkhan, Sarbadar,
Muzaffarid, Jalayrid, Timurid, Qara Qoyunlu, Aq Qoyunlu, Safavid, Hotaki Afghan, Afsharid, Zand, Qajar,
Arab-Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid, Ayyubid. Civic coppers are scattered throughout Safavid through Qajar.
Tabataba’i, Sayyid Jamal Turabi. Rasm al-khatt-e Ighuri of seyri dar sekke-shenasi/Uighur script and descriptions
of newly-found coins. Tabriz, 1351/1972.
The third of his books. Covers Ilkhan coins with Uighur script and a few others. Civic copper of Sa’ujbulagh
and Isfahan, Kangarid, Safavid and later shahs. Includes photos, legends, indices.
Tabataba'i, Sayyid Jamal Turabi. Sekkeha-ye Aq Qoyunlu va mabna-ye vahdat-e hokumat-e Safaviyeh dar
Iran/Coins of the Aq Qoyunlu and the Beginning of the United Safavid Government in Iran. Tabriz,
2325/1977.
A nice treatment of the Islamic Aq Qoyunlu dynasty and early Safavid issues. Each coin is represented by an
enlarged photograph with legends written out in Arabic. There are some line drawings of cartouches, borders,
etc. As with his other books, there are good indices.
Tabataba'i, Sayyid Jamal Turabi. Machine-struck coins of Iran. Tabriz, 1371/1992. Text in Persian.
Twentieth century coins of Iran, with a treatment of ancient Greek coins of Iran at the end.
Tabataba'i, Sayyid Jamal Turabi. Sekkeha-ye eslami-ye Iran az aghaz ta hamle moghul/Islamic Coins of Iran from
the beginning to the Mongol Invasion. Tabriz, 1373/1994. Text in Persian.
Early Islamic coinage of Iran. Writes out legends and includes a photograph of each coin. Contains the
following dynasties: Arab-Sasanian (Tabaristan), Umayyad, 'Abbasid, 'Alid of Tabaristan, Saffarid, Ziyarid,
Buwayhids, Hasanwayhid, Ghaznavid, Amirs of Andaraba, Kakwayhid, Great Seljuqs (including Kirman and
Western Iran), Seljuqs of Rum, Ildegizid, Pishkinid, Salghurid, Zangid of Mosul, Lu'lu'id, Artuqid (Hisn
Kayfa, Mardin), Begteginid of Irbil, Menkujakid of Erzincan, Zangid of al-Jazira, Khwarezmshahs, Ghorid,
Hamdanid, Ayyubid, Qarakhanid.
Tai, Stephen. The Legendary Currency in the Late Ch’ing Dynasty - A Study of Saddle Sycee. Tai-yang
Publishing Co., Taipei, 1996.
A treatise on Saddle Sycee of China. Nicely illustrated, which is good, since the book is written in Chinese.
Dedicated to me by the author.
Tai, Stephen. A Catalogue of Yunnan Historical Silver Ingots. Published by the author, Hsinchu City,Taiwan,
1999.
A wonderful self-produced book on Yunnan Sycee. It is bilingual (Chinese and English), and has great highquality
photographs of all sycee discussed in the book. A comprehensive look at the sycee by the world’s
expert on them.
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Tanabe, Katsumi. Silk Road Coins: The Hirayama Collection. The Institute of Silk Road Studies, Kamakura,
Japan, 1993.
A bilingual (English and Japanese) catalogue that accompanied an exhibition on loan to the British Museum.
There is a long historical section, a discussion of art and design of the coins, followed by a list of the coins.
The catalogue covers Achaemenids, Seleucids, Ptolemies, Arsacids of Parthia, Greco-Bactrians, Indo-Greeks,
Indo-Scythians, Indo-Parthians, Kushans, Sasanians, Kushano-Sasanians, Kidarites and the Hephthalites. The
photos accompanying the historical and art sections are incredible.
Tandon, Pankaj. New Light on the Paratarajas. Numismatic Chronicle Vol. 166, pp. 173-209, 2006.
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The Paratarajas were an Indo-Scythian dynasty that ruled in Baluchistan (Pakistan and Iran) in the 1 - 3
century CE. This paper examines 57 new coins and analyzes previous literature (much by Robert Senion) on
this poorly-known group to provide a comprehensive catalogue and history of the group. Many of the coins
are characterized by a large swastika on the reverse. The paper writes out legends and has good photographs
of all the different coins.
Tao Zhifang, An Examination of Yarkand Khanate Coinage. Originally in Xinjiang Numismatics, Volume 1999-1,
pp. 19-20, 1999. Translated into English by Alexander Akin with additional photos.
A short note on copper coins from Kashgar and surrounding area. The Yarkand Khanate apparently was an
eastern derivative or branch of the Chaghatayids. Alexander Akin translated the article from Chinese and
added scans and notes from his knowledge of the coins.
Tarizzo, M. L. Early Arab Coins of Tunisia. Part I - The Governors of Ifriqiyah, 85-184 AH (704-800 AD). Part II
- The Aghlabids, 184-296 AH (800-909 AD). Oriental Numismatic Society Information Sheet 13, 1976, and
Information Sheet 15, 1976. Photocopy.
Coins from early Tunisia including Arab-Byzantine, legends in Arabic and Latin, Umayyad, Abbasid and
Aghlabid coins. Some legends are written out in Arabic and Latin and then translated.
Teahan, John. Irish Coins. Irish Environmental Library Series, No. 53. Folens, Ireland. Date and place of
publication unknown.
A brief overview of coinage of Ireland from earliest times through the present.
al-Tell, Safwan Khalaf. Development of Coinage in Jordan Throughout History. Central Bank of Jordan, Amman,
1986.
An attractive overview of the coinage that circulated in Jordan from ancient through modern times. There are
high-quality enlarged color photographs of representative coins and basic overviews of history and evolution
of the coinage. Another nice bank publication.
Teoman, Gültekin, Üstün Erek and Erol Olcaº. Seljuq of Rum Figural Dirhams (699-701 AH, 1299-1302 CE). Kitap
T. C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlýðý, Izmir, 2009.
A wonderful publication with a somewhat misleading title, since many of the coins are not actually figural
types. It includes a previously unpublished Rum Seljuq dirham of Mas’ud III with a portrait of the ruler with
a three-piece crown from AH 699 (no mint), 22 non-figural, lion/sun, lion/Rumi motif, lion types of Kayqubad
III from the Bafa mint (some from AH 698 and 702, one of the latter from the Megri mint), 17 lion/Rumi
motif types from the Milas mint, four lion types from the Finike mint, and two lion types from the Doger mint.
The photographs are outstanding, and the legends are written out in Arabic and translated into English. A
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eautiful work with some exceedingly rare coins.
Tevhid, Ahmad. Meskukat-i Kadime-i Islamiye. Khakans Turcs, Gaznewides, Deldjoukides de Khorassan et
d’Irak, Beni Saldik, Beni Mengoudj, Danishmendites, Seldjoukides de Roum, Karaman-Oghlis, Aidin-Oghlis,
Saroukhan-Oghlis, Mentesche-Oghlis, Kermian-Oghlis et Isfendiar-Oghlis; des Beni Artina, Karakoyyounlis
et Akkoyounlis. Catalogue of Coins in the Imperial Ottoman Museum, Part 4, Constantinople, 1321/1903.
Two-sided photocopy, green Egyptian hardbound, half-leather.
Covers the Qarakhanid, Ghaznavid, Great Seljuq (and Iraq), Salduqid, Menkujakid, Danishmandid, Seljuqs of
Rum, Karamanid, Aydin, Saruhan, Menteshe, Germiyan, Isfendiyarid, Eretnid, Qara Qoyunlu and Aq
Qoyunlu. In Ottoman Turkish.
Thai Treasury. Pod Duang (Bullets). Bangkok, 1985. Thai text.
A nice book on Thailand bullet money. The photos are much better than those in Le May, but being in Thai,
the text is not too useful to most people.
Thakkar, Praful. Collector’s Guide to Chronologies of Sultans, Rulers & Colonial Heads of India. Thakar
Numismatic & Art Foundation, Cary, North Carolina, 2008.
A very useful chronological listing of the rulers of Ahmadnagar (Nizam Shahis), Bengal, Berar, Bidar,
Bijapur, Delhi, Ghaznavids, Golkonda, Gujarat, Gulbarga, Jaunpur, Kalpi, Kashmir, Khandesh, Madura,
Malwa, and Sind with the dates of their rule. There is also a chronology of Mughal emperors, with portraits
of each. There is an alphabetical list of all princely states, and a chronology of the rulers of the independent
kingdoms of Arkan, Assam, Cooch Behar, Farrukhabad, Gurkha Kingdom, Jaintiapur, Jammu, Kachar,
Manipour, Maratha, Bhonslas, Chhatrapis of Kolhapur, Chhatrapatis of Satara, Rajas of Tanjore, Peshwas,
Mysore, Pudukottai, Sikh Empire, Sikkim, Vijaynagar. Finally chronologies of rulers of each of the many
princely states. An incredible amount of information packed into 64 pages.
Thirion, M. and F. J. Bingen. Monnaies conventionnelles et Monnaies de Necessite Belges (1816-1918).
Numismatic Pocket No. 9, J. De Mey, Brussels, 1970.
Coinage of Belgian military prisons, state prisons, asylums, and necessity/siege coinage. Includes Aalst
military prison, Gent (Ghent) state prison, Hoogstraten, Merksplas, Rijkevorsel, Wortel, Rekem (Reckheim)
state prison and asylum, Saint-Bernard, Tournai asylum, Vilvoorde military prison, and official necessity
coinage of World War I.
Thomas, Edward. On the Coins o the Kings of Ghazni. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and
Ireland, Vol. IX, Number XVIII, pp. 267-386, 1848. (Original journal)
The earliest major treatment of the Ghaznavid dynasty plus a few coins of the Ghorids, Ghorids of Bamiyan,
Khwarizmshahs and Chingizids struck in Ghazna. Coins are fully described with Arabic and Sanskrit legends
written out, some line drawings, three plates of lithographic plates.
Thomas, Edward. Supplementary Contributions to the Series of the Coins of the Kings of Ghazni. Journal of the
Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. XVII, Part 1, pp. 138-208, 1859. (Original journal)
Additional coins of the Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Ghorids of Bamiyan and Khwarizmshahs.
Thomas, Edward. The Chronicles of the Pathan Kings of Dehli. Originally published London, 1871. Reprint by
Munshiram Manoharlal, Dehli, 1967.
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One of the classic older references on the coins of the Dehli Sultanate, with coins of the Ghorids included as
well. There is extensive historical information included throughout the book, and legends of coins are written
out. There are several plates of line drawings of coins.
Thompson, F. C. Common Coins in the Manchester Museum. Manchester Museum, 1966.
A worthless little pamplet illustrating a handful of British and world coins. Why do I have this?
[Thomsen, Christian J.] Medieval Coins in the Christian J.Thomsen Collection, Volume I. Originally published by
Kristian Erslev as Catalogue de la collection de monnaies de feu Cristian Jurgensen Thomsen. Seconde
partie: les monnaies du moyen-age, Tome I, published in Copenhagen, 1873. Reprinted with addenda and
additional photographic plates by Alan M. Stahl and Allen G. Berman, Attic Books, South Salem, New York,
1992. With separate 1992 price guide.
Volume I of a three-volume description of a massive medieval collection assembled by a Danish museum
curator. Includes Islamic (early, mostly iconographic), early (pre-1000) middle ages, Armenia, Crusader,
Serbia, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Royal and Feudal France, Anglo-Gallic, Lorraine, Metz, Burgundy, Belgium,
the Netherlands and Luxembourg. There are bibliographies of comprehensive references, tables of
monograms, several maps, and 26 plates (four of Thomsen's line drawings, 22 of additional photographic
plates). Over 4100 coins described.
Tiesenhausen, Vladimir G. O Samanidskikh Monetakh. Zapiski Imperatorskavo Arkheologicheskavo Obshchestva,
Vol. 6, pp. 1-237, 1853. (Photocopy, in prereform Russian).
An early monograph devoted to the coins of the Samanid dynasty. After about 15 pages of introductory
material, there is a long discussion of hoards and single finds of Samanid coins throughout Europe, England
and Ireland, broken down by country of the finds. Finally there is an extensive treatment of the coins with a
year-by-year account of the coinage. No illustrations. Arabic legends only as necessary. Still important.
Tiesenhausen, Vladimir. Monety Vostochnago Khalifata/ Coins of the Eastern Caliphate. Sankt-Petersburg, 1873.
(photocopy, pre-reform Russian)
The classic standard reference on coins of the Abbasids. Very few of the coins are illustrated. The coins are
th
described in typical 19 century fashion, with legends written only insofar as they differ from previous coins.
There are numerous indexes to aid in identification.
Tiesenhausen, Vladimir. Notice sur une collection de monnaies orientales de M. Le Comte S. Stroganoff. St.
Peterbourg, 58 pp., 1880. (I have only pages 23 - 38)
A portion of the article covering Chaghatayid, Timurid, and Shaybanid coins. Coins fully described with
legends written out. Some line drawings.
Tiesenhausen, Vladimir. Vostochnyya Monety N. P. Linevicha/ Oriental Coins of N. P. Linevich. Zapiski
Vostochnavo Otdeleniya Russkavo, Vol. IV, pp. 289-320, 1889.
Description of several coins, most notably Parthia, Sasanian (Vahran V Marw type), Abbasid, Saffarid,
Qarakhanid, Khwarizmshahs, Ghorid, Great Seljuq, Great Khans, Ilkhan, Kart, Timurid, Shaybanid, Khiva,
Bukhara, Safavid, Civic coppers, Sinkiang.
Timbs, John. Clubs and Club Life in London, with Anecdotes of its Famous Coffeehouses, Hostelries, and Taverns,
Seventeenth Century to the Present Time. Chatto and Windus, Publishers, London, 1872.
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Not a coin reference per se, but a companion to references on London tokens. Includes foru pages (280-284)
on the Rainbow coffee house run by James Farr in the seventeenth century.
Tobler, Edwin. Schweizerische Muenzkataloge V. Appenzell .Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden. Societe
Suisse de Numismatique, Bern, 1969. In German.
Coinage of the two Swiss half-cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden and Appenzell Ausserrhoden. 18th and 19th
centuries.
Tolstov, S. P. Monety Shakhov Drevnego Khorezma i Drevnekhorezmiiskii Alfavit/ Coins of the Shahs of Ancient
Khoresm and the Ancient Khoresm Alphabet. Vestnik Drevnei Istorii Vol. 4(5), pp. 120-145, 1938.
rd th
A description and analysis of legends of many silver coins from Khwarezm/Khoresm, 3 - 8 centuries AD.
There is a lot of analysis of the forms of the alphabet on the coins and many photos of coins.
Tornberg, Carolus Johannes. Numi Cufici Regii Numophylacii Holmiensis, quos omnes in Terra Sueciae Repertos.
Uppsala, 1848. Photocopy.
The early Islamic coinage in the museum collection. Covers those dynasties whose coinage was in Kufic
script. Includes Umayyad, Abbasid, Arab-Sasanian, Umayyads of Spain, Idrisid, Tahirid, Saffarid, 'Alid of
Tabaristan (Class VIII), Samanid, Banijurid, Volga Bulghars, Sajid, Ziyarid, Buwayhid, Hamdanid, Ikhshidid,
Qarakhanid, Uqaylid, Marwanid, Murabitid. Legends in Arabic, translated into Latin.
Torrey, Charles C. Gold Coins of Khokand and Bukhara. Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 117, American
Numismatic Society, New York, 1950.
A description of 13 gold coins of the Islamic Khans of Khokand and the Manghits of Bukhara from 19 th
century central Asia. A good history of the period, legends of coins written out in full.
Toth, Csaba and Veronika Heri. 1000 ans de monnaies hongroises/ 1000 Jaar Hongaarse munten. Banque
Nationale du Belgique, Brussels, 1999.
A book that accompanied an exhibition of Hungarian coins, medals and banknotes in Belgium for the
Europalia 99 Hongaria. There is a lengthy history of Hungary and its coinage by Toth and a brief overview of
Hungarian medals by Heri. The exhibit comprised over 900 items, perhaps one-third of which are included as
photos in the book. The photos are black and white except for three plates of gold coins.
Totten, Norman. Origins of Islamic Coinage: An Introduction. Monograph No. 1, India-Asiatic Numismatic
Society, Bentley College, Waltham, Massachusetts, 1973.
A very general elementary introduction to Arab-Byzantine, Arab-Sasanian and Umayyad coins, the earliest
period of Islamic coinage in the Middle East. Decent photos of coins, explanation of the basic legends.
Tourneur, Victor. L’Atelier Monetaire d’Anvers des Temps Merovingiens au XIIe Siecle. In Harald Ingholt,
Centennial Publication of the American Numismatic Society, New York, 1958, pp. 683-690.
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An overview of coinage of Anvers (Belgium) from the 7 to the 12 centuries. Nice photos.
Tozen, Ibrahim. Selcuklular'in nadir Paralarindan bazilari ve Cimri'nin sikkeleri/Rare Seljuk Coins. Numismatik
Yayinlari No. 2, Yapi ve Kredi Bankasi A. L., Istanbul, 1972. Bound with Monographs on Turkish Coinage.
A description of 15 rare coins and medals of the Islamic Seljuq dynasty. Includes brief historical sketches and
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photos of each coin and medal.
Tozen, Ibrahim. Arab-Sasani Paralari/Arab-Sassanian Coins. Numismatik Yayinlari No. 7, Yapi ve Kredi
Bankasi A. L., Istanbul, 1975.
A description of 36 Arab-Sasanian coins, with tables of mint names (in Pahlavi with Turkish equivalents),
coin types, etc. The coins are in the bank collection. Decent photographic plates.
Tozen, Ibrahim and Tuncay Aykut. Arab-Sasani Paralari II/The Arab-Sassanian Coins. Numismatik Yayinlari
No. 8, Yapi ve Kredi Bankasi A. L., Istanbul, 1975.
A continuation of descriptions of Arab-Sasanian and Arab-Bukharan coinage.
Tozen, Ibrahim and Tuncay Aykut. Nadir Osmanli Madeni Paralari/Rare Ottoman Coins. Nuemismatik Yayinlari
No. 9, Yapi ve Kredi Bankasi A. L., Istanbul, 1976. Bound with Monographs on Turkish Coinage.
A description of 22 rare Ottoman coins from the bank's collection. Includes a manghir of Mustafa Celebi. All
coins photographed.
Trantow, Terry N. Catalogue of Lumber Company Store Tokens, Second Edition. National Script Collectors
Association, Inc., Middlesboro, Kentucky, 1998.
A compendium of all known tokens of lumber and forestry-product (turpentine and other products) tokens
issued in the United States, arranged by state of issue. Each token is completely described, but there are no
photos in the catalogue. Very useful and easy to use.
Travaini, Lucia. La Monetazione Mell'Italia Normanna. Nuovi Studi Storici No. 28, Istituto Storico Italiano Per Il
Medio Evo, Rome, 1995.
An extensive history and detailed catalogue of the coins of Norman Sicily. Includes an appendix with Arabic
legends written out. Nice plates (some photos, some line drawings). Tables of concordances with other
catalogues, including Spahr.
Treadwell, Luke. Buyid Coinage: A Die Corpus (322-445 A.H.). Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 2001.
An extremely thorough study of the Buwayhid/Buyid dynasty. He describes every known die variant of every
mint of the dynasty, with full descriptions of the legends on the coins in the text and excellent plates at the
back. There are indices of names and secondary names and titles, a good map of the geographic extent of the
Buwayhids, and a genealogical tree. There are 172 plates of coin photos.
Trivedi, H. V. Western Kshatrapa Coins in the Andhra Pradesh Government Museum. Andhra Pradesh
Government Museum Series No. 8, Hyderabad, 1964.
A hoard of 235 coins of ancient India. Legends written out and transliterated, lousy plates.
Trost’yanskii, O. V. Klad Zolotoordynskikh Monet XV Veka c Territorii Tatarstana/ A Hoard of Golden Horde Coins
th
from the 15 Century in the Territory of Tatarstan. Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh
Konferentsii, Rossiiskaya Akademiy Nauk, Moscow, pp. 157-158, 2005.
Small silver coins of the Golden Horde in the name of Muhammad Khan. All struck in Bulghar.
Trowbridge, Richard J. Maundy Coins of Great Britain. Coins of the British World, Long Beach, California, 1969.
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A brief overview of Maundy coinage including a bit of history, approximate prices in 1969 values, and
drawings of main types.
Trowbridge, Richard J. Coinage of the Palestine Mandate. Published by the Author? No date.
A brief monograph on the coinage of Palestine, 1927-1947. Gives relative rarities, notes key dates for each
denomination, and lists valuations in several grades. Coins are not fully described and legends are not written
out or translated.
Trumpf, Peter. Preise, Praemian, Privilegien. Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg, 1959.
A small book about medals. Not a catalogue. Includes the Nobel Prize, literary awards, awards for medicine,
political awards, awards for music, film prizes, etc. It has several photos of awards and award winners, lists of
prize winners (like the Nobel Prize). Interesting and historical.
Tsiang, C. C. Illustrations of Chinese Gold, Silver and Nickel Coins. Taiwan, No Date.
A bilingual overview that includes Tibet, Sinkiang/Xinjiang and Mongolia. Illustrations are by line drawings.
The text explains some of the peculiarities of the coinage, but is not comprehensive.
Tsotseliya, Medeya. Katalog Sasanidskikh Monet Gruzii. Akademiya Nayk Gruzinskoi SSR and Gosudarstvennyi
Muzei Gruzii, Tbilisi, 1981.
A catalog of Sasanian coins found in Georgia. Includes description of legends on coins. Photos of coins in
several mediocre plates.
Tuerkmen, Kerim. Kayseri Arkeoloji Muezesinde bulunan Eratna Beyligi Sikkeleri/ Coins of the Eretnid Beylik in
the Kayseri Archaeological Museum. Erciyes Universitesi Gevher Nesibe Tip Tarihi Enstitusi Yayin No. 25,
Erciyes Universitesi Matbaasi, Kayseri, Turkey, 1995.
A small booklet with descriptions and photos of 57 Eretnid coins in the Kayseri Museum. There are line
drawings of many of the coins with the descriptions. Some coins have no descriptions, only a note that it is
similar to a previous coin. The photos aren’t great, but this is one of the few books I know with Eretnid coins
in it.
Tukhtiev, I. T. Serebryanye Monety Vostochnogo Turkestana Kontsa XIX - Nachala XX v/Silver Coins of Eastern
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Turkestan for the End of the 19 to the Beginning of the 20 Century. In: Rtveladze, E. V., Numizmatika
Uzbekistana, Akademiya Nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent, 1990, pp. 115-128.
Silver coins struck in and around Chinese Turkestan, especially Kashgar. Includes some of the Rebel coins
and many Chinese Sinkiang issues.
Tukhtiev, I. T. Temur va Temuriilar Sulolasining Tangalari/ Coins of Timur and the Timurids. Uzbekiston
Respublikasi Fanlar Akademiyasi FAN Nashrieti, Tashkent, 1992 (in Uzbek).
A short booklet on Timurid coinage. There are 52 coins described, with full descriptions in the text (Arabic
inscriptions only, no transliteration), and dark photos. It is actually quite useful, given the paucity of other
publications on Timurids.
Tunkel, A. V. Metallicheskiye bony Rossii i SSSR/ Metal Tokens of Russia and the USSR. Interkhobbiekspo,
Donyetsk, Ukraine, 1992.
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A neat little book that is apparently a standard reference for Russian and Soviet tokens. There are clear line
drawings of each token type.
Turkish Numismatic Society. Bultens No. 1-40. Istanbul, 1976-2003.
A complete set of bulletins with many specialized articles on Beyliks, Ottoman, Ilkhan and other coinages.
Turkish Numismatic Society. Bulten No. 19. Istanbul, 1986.
Articles by Olcer on the Hamit Beylik, Kurkman on Isfendiyarid (Candar) copper coinage, Ender on
Isfendiyarid coinage of Bayezid Koturum, Olcer on the Denizli (Ladik) Beylik, Olcer on Menteshe, Kurkman
on Saruhan, Olcer on Karamanid, and Olcer on Alanya. Photographs, line drawings and Arabic legends.
th
Turovskii, E. Ya. Monety Nezavisimovo Khersonesa, IV - II vv. do N. E./ Coins of Independent Chersonessus, 4 -
nd
2 Centuries B.C. Respublikanskii Istoriko-Arkheologicheskii Zapovednik “Kalos Limen”, Simferopol’,
Ukraine, 1997.
A booklet on the history and coinage of Tauric Chersonessus in Thrace. There is an extensive numismatic
history of the period at the beginning, followed by a catalogue of the coinage. There are line drawings and
photos of some of the coins.
Tye, Robert. Wang Mang. Published by Robert Tye, Isle of South Uist, U. K., 1993.
A historical treatment of the coinage of Wang Mang, early Chinese usurper in the first century. Drawings of
all coin types.
Tye, Robert and Monica Tye. Jitals. Published by Robert Tye, Isle of South Uist, U. K., 1995.
A comprehensive analysis of 481 types of jitals of Afghanistan and northwestern India. Includes the
prototype bull and horseman coinage of the Shahis and post Shahis, several Indian states and dynasties, as
well as Islamic Ghaznavid, Sistan (3rd dynasty Saffarid). Ghorids (Ghor, Ghazna and Bamiyan), Khwarezm
Shahs, Mongols (Chingizid), Qarlughids, and others. Includes line drawings of all types and several varieties
within types, weights, rarities, and Nagari legends. Arabic legends are not written out except in the line
drawings, but transliterations of Arabic and Nagari legends are included in an appendix. Will be a standard
reference.
Tyunibekyan, Vladimir. Drevnie i Srednevekovye Monety Turkmenistana/ Ancient and Medieval Coins of
Turkmenistan. NIISEP, Kiev, 2003
A really pretty overview of the coinage of Turkmenistan, including Greco-Bactria, Parthia, Margiana, Kushan,
Khwarezm, Sasanian, Hephthalite, Umayyad, Abbasid, Samanid, Ghaznavid, Great Seljuq, Khwarizmshah,
Ilkhan, Golden Horde, Timurid, Shaybanid, Khiva, Junaid, and Bukhara. The Islamic coinage is identified to
ruler, but not mint and date, there are no legends written out, and there are many incorrect attributions. The
photography is beautiful.
Tzamalis, Anastasios P. Ta Nomismata tis Frankokratias/ The Numismatics of Frankish Greece. Ekdoseis
Noymmio, Athens, 1991.
A Greek reference on coins of the Crusader States. The coin illustrations are mostly from Schlumberger.
There are nice reproductions of city views of the different states considered in the catalogue. It is laid out
well with several useful indexes. A nice overview.
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Unvala, J.-M. Numismatique du Tabaristan et quelques monnaies Sassanides provenant de Suse. G.-P. Maisonneuve,
Paris 1938.
An early classic reference on Arab-Sasanian coins of Tabaristan. There is only one plate of low-quality
photos. Otherwise, the book is a catalogue of tables with legends written out and transliterated. There are
also appendices with historical narratives. Useful, but not especially user-friendly.
Upton, Richard. Emergency Coins of Germany: Metal and Porcelain. Emergency Money Society, 1970. Reprinted
by Numismatics International, Dallas, 1986.
A standard reference on Notgeld of Germany. Includes valuations, but the descriptions are better in Eklund.
No illustrations.
'Ush, Muhammad Abu-l-Faraj al-. The Silver Hoard of Damascus: Sasanian, Arab-Sasanian, Khuwarizmian and
Umayyad Kept in the National Museum of Damascus. Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums,
Damascus, 1972.
Description of a hoard of almost 4000 Sasanian, Arab-Sasanian and Umayyad coins found in Damascus.
Excellent descriptions, drawings of variations in Sasanian and Arab-Sasanian designs, great photos.
'Ush, Muhammad Abu-l-Faraj al-. Tresor de Monnaies d’Argent Trouve a Umm-Hajarah: Sassanides, Arabo-
Sassanides, Umayyades et Abbassides Conserve au Musee National de Damas. Directorate General of
Antiquities and Museums, Damascus, 1972.
A description of a hoard of 409 coins, mostly Sasanian, Arab-Sasanian, Umayyad, Abbasid, Abbasid
revolutionaries. Full descriptions of coins, good tables and photos in French and Arabic. In Arabic, with
French introduction and bilingual tables.
'Ush, Muhammad Abu-l-Faraj al-. Dirhams Abu Dawudides (Banu Banijuri). Revue Numismatique, VI serie, vol
XV, pp. 169-176.
A description of eleven previously unpublished Banijurid coins.
'Ush, Muhammad Abu-l-Faraj al-. Monnaies aglabides etudiees en relation avec l'histoire des Aglabides. Institut
Francais de Damas, Damascus, 1982.
A comprehensive corpus of the coins of the Islamic Aghlabid dynasty. Summary of history, good descriptions
of coins with Arabic legends fully written, good photographic plates. The standard work on this dynasty.
‘Ush, Muhammad Abu-l-Faraj al-. Arab Islamic Coins Preserved in the National Museum of Qatar, Volume I.
Publication of the Ministry of Information in Qatar, Doha, 1984. (In Arabic)
A catalogue of Arab-Sasanian, Umayyad and Abbasid coins in the museum. Legends written in Arabic, many
plates. Does not cover any copper coinage.
Usmanov, M. A (editor). Mezhdunarodnye Svyazi, Torgovye Puti i Goroda Srednego Povolzh’ya IX - XII Vekov/
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International Relations, Trade Routes and Towns of the Central Volga Region in the 9 - 12 Centuries.
Materialy Mezhdynarodnogo Simpoziuma Kazan’, 8 - 10 Sentyabrya, 1998 g. Institut Istorii Akademii Nauk
Tatarstana, Kazan’, 1999.
A collection of papers on history, archaeology, trade and economics of the central Volga region. There are
some good histories, but very little on numismatics per se.
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Utberg, Neil S. The Coins of Mexico, 1536-1963. DANSCO, Venice, California, no date.
A collector's guide to Mexican coins. Lots of historical notes, most types photographed, and 1963 valuations
included.
Uzbek Academy of Sciences. Culture and Art of Ancient Uzbekistan. Exhibition Catalogue in Two Volumes.
Moscow, 1991.
A beautiful bilingual (Russian and English) catalogue of an incredible collection of coins and artifacts from
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ancient Uzbekistan. It begins with the bronze age (10 century BC) and goes through the 15 Century.
Coins represented include Seleukid, Greco-Bactrian, Yueh-chi, Kushan, Sogdian, Khwarizm, Sasanian,
Chaghanian, Tokharistan, Bukharkhudat, Arab-Bukharan, Chach, Abbasid, Tahirid, Samanid, Qarakhanid,
Great Seljuq. The artifacts are fantastic, and there is a lot of good historical information in the text.
Vainberg, B. I. Eftalitskaya Dinastiya Chaganiana i Khorezm (Po Dannym Numizmatiki)/ Hephthalite Dynasty of
Chaganian and Khoresm (from Numismatic Data). Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Gosudarstvennii Istoricheskii
Muzei, Part IV, Number III, pp. 3-24, 1971.
A description of Hephthalite silver and copper derived from Sasanian prototypes and some Sogdian-looking
coppers. There is a nice table describing the legends and symbols on different types and photos on plates.
Vainberg, B. I. Tituly Pravitelei Domusul’manskogo Khorezma/ Titles of Rulers in Pre-Islamic Khwarizm.
Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XXI, pp. 19-22, 1972.
An analysis of titles on coins, Sogdian documents and other sources. No coin desriptions or illustrations. No
legends written in original language. All are transliterated.
Vainberg, B. I. Monety Drevnego Khorezma/ Coins of Ancient Khoresm. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1977.
A beautiful book on the coins of ancient Khoresm. There are many drawings of details of the coins, lists of
legends, and good photos. There are a few Bactrian and Sogdian coins included.
Vainberg, B. I. and I. T. Kruglikova. Monetnie Nakhodki iz Raskopok Dilberdzhina (II)/Coin Finds from the
Excavations of Dilbarjin. Drevnyaya Baktriya, Volume 3, Material from the Soviet-Afghan Archaeological
Expedition, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1984.
In Russian with a French summary. Kushan, Sasanian and Khoresm coins. There are a few photographs and
line drawings, but no real desriptions of coins in the text.
Valentine, W. H. Modern Copper Coins of the Muhammadan States. Originally published by Spink & Son, Ltd.,
London, 1911. Reprinted by Spink and Son Ltd and Organisation of International Numismatics, London,
1969.
Excellent overview of copper coinage of Islamic world, medieval to modern. Includes Ottoman Turkey,
Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Tripoli (Libya), Morocco, East Africa, Arabia, Crimea/Gerai Khans,
Caucasia/Panahabad/Shusha, Georgia, Persia/Iran/Iraq, Afghanistan and Chinese Turkestan. Historical
overview, maps. Full legends written out, transliterated and translated. Includes lists of rulers, Georgian
numerals and alphabet.
Valentine, W. H. Copper Coins of India, Parts I and II. Originally published by Spink & Son, Ltd., London, 1914.
Reprinted as single volume by Spink and Son Ltd and the Organization of International Numismatists,
London, 1971.
241

Excellent overview of copper coinage of medieval and modern India. Includes history, discussions of
legends, several alphabets, several numeric systems, several hundred line drawings, and full descriptions of
coins with legends written out in language found on coin and transliterated into English. Entire book is in
handwritten cursive script, so sometimes hard to read.
Van Arsdell, R. D. The Coinage of Queen Boudicca. Spink Numismatic Circular, June, 1987, pp. 150-151. Xerox
copy.
Scholarly attribution of British Celtic coin types to Queen Boudicca of the Iceni.
Van Arsdell, R. D. Celtic Coinage of Britain. Spink and Son Ltd., London, 1989.
Detailed treatment of all known types of British Celtic coinage. Includes photographs of every type along
with description and rarity as well as duplicate set of plates at the end of the book. Includes more accurate
dating, historical information, description of hoards, trend surface maps showing where coin types have been
found, and cross references to catalogue numbers of Mack and Allen. The latest standard reference.
Van der Wiel, H. J. Les monnaies de la Principaute d’Orange sous le maison de Nassau. Reprint from Jaarboek
voor Munt- en Penningkunde 60/61, Amsterdam, 1977.
Coins of the Principality of Orange from 1544-1702 while under the House of Nassau. Decent catalogue with
photos and full descriptions of coins. Much more history than in Poey d’Avant.
van’t Haaff, P. Anne. Saurashtra (c. 450-50 BC) Surasena (c. 500 - 350 BC) Silver Punchmarked Coinage. Indian
Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies, Mumbai, 2004.
Part of the AHATA project to create a comprehensive catalogue of ancient Indian punch marked coinage.
The Saurashtra Janapada was in west-central India. The geography of the Sarasena Janapada is not fully
known. Its capital was Mathura, located on the Jumna River. The Saurashtra coinage is very complicated
because of frequent overstrikes, so symbols and not always clear. The Sarasena coinage is simpler, most with
a lion and a fish. The author has done a marvelous job of identifying, classifying and arranging the symbols
found on coins of both Janapadas. An excellent catalogue with good line drawings and photographs of each
coin.
van’t Haaff, P. Anne. Catalogue of Elymaean Coinage: ca. 147 B.C. 0 A.D. 228. Classical Numismatic Group,
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 2007.
An impressive catalogue of the coins of Elymais, supplanting all earlier references on this difficult series. The
first part examines the characteristics of the coinage in a geographic, geopolitical and historical context,
discusses various elements found on the coins, metrology, and, most importantly, examines the chronology of
rulers. The latter is done by critically analyzing chronologies set forth by previous authors, then proposing
one of his own. Finally, there is an extensive catalogue with coins of the various rulers divided into types and
subtypes making attribution relatively easy for anyone who has the book.
Vardanian, A. R. K attributsii znakov na dirkhemakh Sadzhidov 282-288 gg..x.iz Barda’a i ‘Arminii. In:
Nikonorov, V. P., Tsentral’naya Aziya ot Akhemenidov do Timuridov: Arkheologiya, Istoriya, Etnologiya,
Kul’tura, pp. 261-265, Sankt-Peterburg, 2005.
Symbols and legends on Sajid coins.
Vasmer, Richard. Beitraege zur muhammedanischen Muenzkunde. Numismatische Zeitschrift, Vol. 18, pp. 49-84,
1925. Photocopy.
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Coinage of the Abu Da'udids (Banijurids), Samanids and Volga-Bulgars. Descriptions of coins and much
history.
Vasmer, Richard. Zur Chronologie der Gastaniden und Sallariden. Islamica, Volume 3, pp. 165-186, 482-485,
1927. Photocopy.
A history of the little-known Sallarid dynasty of Azerbeijan. There are descriptions of coins of most of the
rulers listed in Album’s Checklist, as well as two coins of the Armenian Shaddadids (al-Fadl b. Muhammad
and Shawur b. Muhammad b. Shaddad). The Jastanids mentioned in the title are the Daylamite dynasty in
Gilan, a branch of the Sallarid dynasty. They appear in the text and in the genealogy constructed by Vasmer,
but there are no Justanid coins described.
Vasmer, Richard. O Monetakh Sadhzidov. Izvestiya Obsledovaniya i Izucheniya Azerbaidzhana, Baku, 1927, No. 5,
pp. 22-48, 1927. Photocopy, in Russian.
A detailed history of the Sajid dynasty and its interaction with the Abbasid Caliphate, the Su’lukids and the
Samanids. There are good descriptions of dirhams and dinars of the Sajids and Su’lukids, as well as issues
that are properly regarded as Abbasid. There is a dirham of al-Afshin from Bardha’a, AH 285, that is not in
Album’s Checklist. Good coin descriptions, no illustrations.
Vasmer, Richard. Ein im Dorfe Staryi Dedin in Weissrussland gemachter Fund kufischer Muenzen. Kungl.
Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademiens Handlingar, Vol. 40(2), 1929. Offprint.
Description of a huge hoard of Islamic coins. It lists the dynasties, mints, and dates, but does not describe any
of the coins except for diameters and weights. Dynasties included Abbasids, Hamdanid, Buwayid, Ziyarid
and Samanid.
Vasmer, Richard. Zur Muenzkunde der Qarahaniden. Mitteilungen des Seminars fuer Orientalische Sprachen an
der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet zu Berlin, Vol. 33, pp. 83-104, 1930. Photocopy.
An early work trying to sort out the myriad of names and titles that appear on Qarakhanid coins. There are
some names and titles written in Arabic in the text, but there is no description of the coins. Several are
photographed in plates at the end of the article.
Vasmer, Richard. Ueber die Muenzen der Saffariden und ihrer Gegner in Fars und Hurasan. Numismatische
Zeitschrift, Vol. 23, pp. 131-162, 1930. Photocopy.
The coinage of the Islamic second Saffarid dynasty of Iran.
Vasmer, Richard. Chronologie der arabischen Statthalter von Armenien unter den Abbasiden, von as-Saffach bis
zur Kroenung Aschots I., 750-887. Mechitharisten-Buchdruckerei, Vienna, 1931.
A booklet on the Abbasid governors in Armenia. It includes all numismatic references to those governors, but
does not include descriptions of the coins themselves. Not illustrated. Primarily a history with numismatic
overtones.
Vaz, J. Ferraro. Livro das Moedas de Portugal. Barbosa & Xavier, LDA, Braga, Portugal, 1972. In English and
Portugese.
Portugese coinage from 1128 through the present. Valuations in Portugese Escudos, Pounds Sterling, and U.
S. Dollars.
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Vaz, J. Ferraro and Javier Salgado. Livro das moedas de Portugal. Barbosa & Xavier, LDA, Braga, Portugal,
1978. In English and Portugese.
Updated catalogue of Portugese coinage. Valuations in Portugese Escudos only.
Vega Martin, Miguel, Salvador Pena Martin, Manuel C. Feria Garcia. El mensaje de las monedas almohades:
Numismatica, traduccion y pensamiento islamico/ The meaning of coins of the Almohades: Numismatics,
translation and Islamic thinking. Ediciones de la Universidad de Castila-La Mancha, Cuenca, 2002.
A critical study of legends on Muwahhid coins, not a catalogue of same. The authors begin with giving
examples of how different authors have translated coin legends into Spanish, pointing out several significant
differences. Then they look at problems in interpreting the term amr, study several citations from the Quran,
then examine the term Amr in context of Quranic and other inscriptions. Subsequent chapters look at
Muwahhid gold, followed by explanations of how coin legends reflected the Muwahhid revolution and
changes from previous Islamic thought. Many coins are illustrated throughout, but the book is more of an
epigraphic study. The outstanding bibliography is 34 pages long.
Veljovic, Evelyne. Le Musee de la Monnaie: Histoire d’un Peuple. Musee de la Monnaie, Paris, 1992.
A guide to the Musuem exhibit. It is a history of French coinage from Celtic through modern. A nice wellillustrated
introduction with a good historical background. There are sections on minting, markets, etc. A lot
of illustrations of how coins were made and used.
Vel’yaminova-Zernov, V. Monety Bukharskiya I Khivinskiya. Trudy Vostochnogo Otdeleniya Arkheologicheskogo
Obshchestva, Volume 4, pp. 238-456, 1859. (Photocopy)
One of the only references to cover the Khans of Khiva in any detail, along with being one of the first
references on the Shaybanids. There are also a few coins of the Timurids, the Manghits of Bukhara and the
Janids. The coins are nicely described, but there are very few illustrations.
Veres, Stevan. Rumski Seldzuci I Njihovi Novci/ The Rum Seljuqs and their Coins. Dinar Number 27, pp. 21-23,
2006.
Photos of eleven coins of the Islamic Rum Seljuq Dynasty.
Veres, Stevan. Novac Krstaskih Drzava (1)/ Coins of the Crusader States. Dinar Number 28, pp. 23-26, 2007.
A nice map of Crusader states and photos of 12 coins.
Vives y Escudero, Antonio. Monedas de las Dinastias Arabigo-Espanolas. Originally published by La Real
Acadeia de la Historia, Madrid, 1893. Reprinted in Madrid, ca. 1978.
A standard reference on the Islamic dynasties of medieval Spain. Includes Umayyads, Hammudid of Malaga,
Berghwata of Ceuta, 'Abbadid of Seville, Aftasid of Badajoz, Zirid of Granada, Sumaydihid of Almeria,
'Amirid of Valencia, Dhu'l-Nunid of Toledo, Tujibid of Zaragoza, Hudid of Zaragoza, Hudid of Calatayud,
Hudid of Tudela, Razimid of Alpuente, Kings of Tortosa, Kingdom of Denia, Hudid of Denia, Kingdom of
Mallorca, Kings of Tortosa, Murabitids (Almoravid - Africa and Spain), Taifas Almoravides (Kings of
Cordoba, Badajoz, Mertola, Hudid of Murcia, Kings of Murcia), Muwahhid (Almohades of Africa and
Spain), Taifas Almohades (Kings of Seville, Valencia), Later Kings of Murcia, Nasrids of Granada. All coins
are described fully with Arabic legends written out. There is an extensive table of date/mint combinations that
identifies dynasties, an index of names, honorary titles, and good plates.
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Vives y Escudero, Antonio. Monedas de las Dinastias Arabigo-Espanolas: Laminas. Fundacion Para el Fomento
de los Estudios Numismaticos, Madrid, 1998.
The book, prepared by Tawfiq Ibrahim and Alberto Canto, consists entirely of plates of rubbings of all of the
coins described in the original book by Vives. Every coin appears to be included. This book does not
duplicate the photographic plates found in the original and the reprinted editions of Vives, and the rubbings
are not as clear as good photos would be. These rubbings were those made by Vives, discovered and
published by T. I. and A. C.
Voigtlaender, Heinz. Falschmuenzer und Muenzfaelscher. Geschichte der Geldfaelslchung aus 2 1/2
Jahrtausenden. Numismatischer Verlag H. Dombrowski, Muenster/Westf., 1976.
A history of counterfeiting and counterfeiters over the entire history of coinage. Includes chapters on
techniques for producing coins, methods used by counterfeiters, biographies of famous counterfeiters,
detecting counterfeits, and legal aspects.
Volkov, I. V. Stolitsy Zolotoi Ordy vo Vneshnikh Istochnikakh/ Cities of the Golden Horde in Foreign Sources. Pp.
324-339, In: I. V. Belotserkovskaya (ed.) Nauchnoe Nasledie A. P. Smirnova I Sovremenniye Problemy
Arkheologii Volgo-Kam’ya. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya Volume 122, Moscow, 2000.
An investigation into the questions of how many major towns existed within the realm of the Golden Horde
and where they were located. The source of data includes several maps made by travellers who had been
through the territory. There are also data on coins of different mints and where they were found.
Volkov, I. V. Zametki o Russkoi Numizmatike Udel’nogo Perioda. Pp. 21-33 In: Numizmaticheskii Sbornik 9,
Moskovskoye Numizmaticheskoye Obshchestvo, Moscow, 2002.
Three notes on early Russian numismatics. The first deals with wire coinage of Vladimir Andreevich
Khrabrovo (1358-1410) with Arabic inscriptions naming the Golden Horde khan Toqtamish. The second is
an unpublished denga of Petr Dmitrievich of Dmitrov. Both have nice line drawings. The third is a
description of hoard contents of Russian wire coinage found near Moscow with no coin descriptions.
Volkov, I. V. Zametki o Russkoi Numizmatike Udel’nogo Perioda. 4. Monety Ivana Vladimirovicha
Serpukhovskogo (1410-1422). Pp. 29-41 In: Numizmaticheskii Sbornik 10, Moskovskoye
Numizmaticheskoye Obshchestvo, Moscow, 2003.
A fourth note on early Russian wire coinage. Ivan Vladimirovich issued coinage with the name of Toqtamish
(Golden Horde) in Arabic. Nice line drawings and coins descriptions. Mediocre photos.
Volkov, I. V. O Khronologii Monetnogo Chekana Moskvy i Serpukova Nachala XV v./ The Chronology of coins
th
struck in Moscow and Serpukov at the Beginning of the 15 Century. Pp.134-146 In: Gaiduiov, P. G. (Ed.)
Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya Vypusk 138, Numismaticheskii Sbornik GIM, Tom XVI,
Moscow, 2003.
Coins of Vladimir Andreevich, Ivan Vladimirovich, Vasilii I with Russian designs and script on one side,
Arabic (Golden Horde) inscriptions on the reverse. Some have the name of the Golden Horde khan
Toqtamish.
Volkov, I. V. Novaya Gruppa Russkikh Podrazhatel’nykh Monet Kontsa XIV v./ A New Group of Russian Imitation
th
Coins from the end of the 14 Century. Numizmatika No. 7, pp. 27 - 29, March, 2005.
A neat group of 14 imitation Golden Horde dirhams. There are thirteen obverse dies and eight obverse dies.
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The author has clear photographs of all 14 coins and a series of line drawings showing obverse and reverse die
linkages. Neat paper!
Volkov, I. V. Kovrovskii Klad Russkikh Monet Kontsa XIV - Nachala XV v./ A hoard of Russian Coins from the end of
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the 14 and Beginning of the 15 Centuries found in Kovrov. Pp. 32-75 In: Srednevekovaya Numizmatrika
Vostochnoi Yevropy, Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Vypusk I, Izdastel’stvo Drevlekhranilishche, Moscow,
2006.
A catalogue of 154 types, some with multiple examples, all fully described with line drawings and highquality
photographic plates. Includes several types imitating Golden Horde coinage. There are coins from the
principalities of Moscow, Dmitrov, Rostov, Suzdal’-Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, and a series of
undertermined types some with with portraits, most with blundered Arabic legends after coins of the Golden
Horde.
Volkov, I. V. and V. V. Zaitsev. O Monetakh, Otnosimbykh k Chekany Andreya Dmitrievicha Dorogobuzhskogo/ On
Coins Attributed to Andrei Dmitrievich of Dorogobuzh. Numizmatika No. 17, pp. 20-22, May, 2008.
Two types attributed to Prince Andrei Dmitrievich of Mozhaisk (1382-1432). Both types have a standing
figure on the obverse with the ruler’s name around. One has an eagle with spread wings on the reverse, the
other a pseudo-Arabic script after a Golden Horde type.
Volkov, I. V., V. V. Zaitsev and V. L. Leibov. Osobaya Gruppa Monet Moskovskikh Udelov/ A Peculiar Group of
Coins of the Moscow Appanage. Pp. 101-113 In: Srednevekovaya Numizmatrika Vostochnoi Yevropy,
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Vypusk I, Izdastel’stvo Drevlekhranilishche, Moscow, 2006.
Silver coins of Semen Vladimirovich, those of either Semen Vladimirovich or Vasilii Yaroslavich, and Vasilii
Yaroslavich. All of the coins have the ruler on horseback with a raised sword. Those that can be attributed to
a particular ruler have Cyrillic legends with their name. The coins that could be from either ruler have
reverses imitating Golden Horde coins from either Shadi Beg or Pulad from Ordu or coins of Khwarizm dated
AH 815. Nice line drawings and photographs of these really intriguing coins.
von Schroetter, Friedrich Freiherr. Die Muenzen Friedrich Wilhelms des Grossen Kurfuersten und Friedrichs III.
von Brandenburg auf Grundlage der Sammlung des Kgl. Muenzkabinetts. Verlag von Paul Parey, Berlin,
1913. Reprinted by Numismatischer Verlag Wolfgang Winkel, Bielefeld, 1978. Number 201 of 400
numbered copies of third printing.
A detailed catalogue of the coins of Friedrich Wilhelm the Great Elector (1640-1688) and Friedrich III (1688-
1713), both electors of Brandenburg and the latter (after 1700), King of Prussia. Includes the coinage of
Brandenburg as well as provincial issues for Prussia, Minden, Ravensberg, Mark, and Cleve. The non-
Brandenburg coins are not found in Bahrfeldt.
von Schroetter, Friedrich Freiherr. Woerterbuch der Muenzkunde. In Verbindung mit N. Bauer, K. Regling, A.
Suhle, R. Vasmer und J. Wilcke. First Edition, Half Leather Binding. Verlag von Walter de Gruyter & Co.,
Berlin, 1930.
By most accounts the best numismatic dictionary every written. The compiler, von Schroetter, used the
expertise of five different scholars to write definitions of numismatic terms and concepts from their particular
specialties, and the author of each definition is identified. Von Schroetter also wrote the definitions from his
area of expertise. It is a large book, almost 800 pages, and has plates of coins from different periods of
history at the end. Vasmer’s contributions on Islamic coinage are very useful.
Vorob’yev, M. V. K Voprosu Opredeleniya Drevnikh Kitaiskikh Monet ‘Ban’lyan/ On the Question of Attribution of
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Ancient Chinese Coins with the Legend Pan Liang. Epigrafika Vostoka, Volume XVI, pp. 102-114, 1963.
Classification of Pan-liang coins with many rubbings or drawings.
th th
Vorob’yev, M. V. Yaponskiye Monety VIII - X vv./ Japanese Coins of the 8 - 10 Centuries. Epigrafika Vostoka,
Volume XIX, pp. 81-91.
Description and line drawings of 33 early Japanese coins.
Vryonis, Jr., Speros. The Question of Byzantine Mines. Speculum, Vol. 37, pp. 1-17, 1962.
The author uses contemporary references to conclude that gold, silver, copper, iron and lead were available to
the Byzantines on their own soil and in neighboring lands. The mines likely continued operating into Ottoman
times. During the late Roman Empire, mines in the Balkans, Asia Minor and Cyprus were important.
References from Byzantine times, though scarcer, indicate mining continued in the Balkans and Asian Minor.
th th
Mining in the Balkans and Asia Minor is well-documented from the 13 to the 16 centuries.
Walker, John. The Coinage of the Second Saffarid Dynasty in Sistan. The American Numismatic Society
Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 72, New York, 1936.
The history and coinage of the Saffarids (867-1008). The history includes the first Saffarid dynasty. The
catalogue only the second.
Walker, John. The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa. The Numismatic Chronicle, Fifth Series, Vol.
XVI (1936), pp. 43-81. Photocopy.
The coinage of Islamic Kilwa in modern Tanzania. Includes Arabic legends and translations, with two
photographic plates of coins. Pieces together as much history as is known. Includes genealogies.
Walker, John. Some New Coins from Kilwa. Numismatic Chronicle, pp. 223-227, 1939. Photocopy.
A brief discussion of new Islamic coins finds that he attributes to Kilwa, although Freeman-Granville assigns
them to Mogadishu. They were primarily issued by Muhammed al-'Adil.
Walker, John. A Catalogue of the Arab-sassanian Coins (Umaiyad Governors in the East, Arab-Ephthalites,
‘Abbasid Governors in Tabaristan and Bukhara. A Catalogue of the Muhammadan Coins in the British
Museum, Volume I. London, 1941, reprinted 1967. Hard bound photocopy.
The earliest Islamic coinage, including Arab-Byzantine, Arab-Ephthalite, Arab-Bukharan and Tabaristan. It
has complete coin descriptions, great indices and decent photographic plates.
Walker, John. A Catalogue of the Arab-Byzantine and Post-Reform Umaiyad Coins. A Catalogue of the
Muhammadan Coins in The British Museum, Volume II. London, 1956.
A comprehensive catalogue of early Umayyad Islamic coinage. The standard reference on coin types.
Includes many coins not found in the British Museum. Detailed notes on mints, tables of mints and dates,
some historical background.
Walker, John. A Unique Medal of the Seljuk Tughrilbeg. In Harald Ingholt, Centennial Publication of the
American Numismatic Society, New York, 1958, pp. 691-695.
A medal of the Great Seljuq Tughril Beg. It is similar to the Buwayhid medal on the cover of Artuk and
247

Artuk, which is also discussed in some length.
Walker, Ralph S. Reading Medieval European Coins. Attic Books, Ltd., New York, 1979.
A short general introduction to attributing medieval coins, including styles of script, abbreviations,
monograms, and place names.
Wang, Helen. Local Bronze Tokens Issued in Jiangsu, China, in the 1930s. Numismatic Chronicle, Volume 157,
pp. 157-177, 1997.
A nice article describing a collection of more than 60 local tokens of the Kiangsu province of China from the
time of the Republic.
Wang Yongsheng. Xinjiang Historical Currency. HWA Book Company, China, 2007. Chinese, with English
translattion of contents.
Beautifully produced successor to Jiang and Dong’s Xinjiang Numismatics from 1991, with coins never
shown before in such a publication. The first part has early local coinage, including Sino-Karosthi, Wuzhu
from Kuche, Turgesh Khanate, Sogdian, Qara Khanate, Chaghatayid, Yarkand and other issues. The second
part is Qing Dynasty coinage from Xinjiang, then local government and foreign issues (Rashidin, Yakub Beg,
Russian notes and coins), Xinjiang coins and banknotes from the Republic of China, Local governemtn and
splinter groups during the Republic, and banknotes of the People’s Republic of China from Xinjiang. Details
can be seen at www.zeno.ru, number 48455.
Warden, P. Gregory. A Classification of the Symbols on the Indian Silver Punch-marked Coins. Society for
International Numismatics, Santa Monica, 1981.
An introduction to punchmarks of the Indian Mauryan dynasty with explanations of the symbols and
references to coins in major catalogues on which they are found. Not nearly as useful as Gupta and Hardaker.
Wasserstein, David J. The Rise and Fall of the Party Kings: Politics and Society in Islamic Spain, 1002-1086.
Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1985.
A fantastic history of the break-up of the Cordoba Caliphate into the individual Taifas. The book introduces
Muslim Spain, describes the rise of the individual states with genealogies, titulature and dates, describes
societal life under the Taifas for Muslims, Jews and Christians, and then describes the beginnings of the
Christian reconquest of Spain and the Muslim reaction thereto. It is not a coin book to any extent, but it is the
only detailed reference that delineates the historical background for and relationships among the Taifas.
Wasserstein, David J. Notes on Spanish and North African Coins in the Paul Balog Collection in the Israel
Museum, Jerusalem. Studies in Memory of Paul Balog. Israel Numismatic Journal, Volume 10, pp. 98-112,
1988-1989.
A report of Islamic coins of the Umayyads in Spain, Spanish Umayyads, Almoravid Taifa of Cordoba,
Almoravid Taifa of Murcia, Muwahhids, and Zirids in Balog’s collection. All are photographed and
discussed.
Weiller, Raymond. Les Monnaies Luxembourgeoises. Publications d'Histoire de l'Art it d'Archeologie de
l'Universite Catholique do Louvain IX. Numismatica Lovaniensia 2, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1977.
The coinage of Luxembourg from the earliest times (963) through 1650.
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Weiller, Raymond. Die Muenzen von Trier. Erster Teil. Erster Abschnitt. Beschreibung der Muenzen:
6.Jahrhundert-1307. Publikationen der Gesellschaft fuer Rheinische Geschichtskunde XXX. Droste Verlag
GmbH, Duesseldorf, 1988.
A complete catalog of coins of early Trier, including Roman, Merovingian, Carolingian and later times. The
book includes a detailed monetary history, a section on trade, discussions of the representations and legends
on the coins (with photographs of buildings, etc. that were depicted on the coins), an incredible breakdown of
where hoards of coins of Trier have been found (throughout Europe and Russia), and a catalog with complete
descriptions and photographs of hundreds of types and varieties.
Weingaertner, Joseph. Beschreibung der Kupfer-Muenzen Westfalens nebst historischen Nachrichten. Zweiter
Theil. Published by the Author, Paderborn, 1881. Facsimile reprint by Verlag der Muenzhandlung Peter
Siemer, Hamburg, 1977.
The second part of a description of copper coins of Westphalia, primarily of the 17th and early 18th centuries.
It appears that the first part contains the majority of the information, as it is several hundred pages in length.
Welter, Gerhard. Die Muenzen der Welfen seit Heinrich dem Loewen. Three volumes. Klinkhardt & Biermann,
Braunschweig, 1971, 1973, 1978.
The coinage of Braunschweig (Brunswick), including Hannover, from the time of Henry the Lion (1180)
through the 19th century. Volume I is text, Volume 2 is plates and Volume 3 is an addendum.
Westdal, Stewart J. A Guidebook for the Identification of Roman Coin Inscriptions. First Edition. Published by
the Author, San Diego, California, 1971.
A very useful alphabetical listing of coin legends on Roman Republican and Imperial Roman coins to be used
as an assist in identifying Roman coins.
Weston, Byron K. Evasion Hybrids: A Commentary on Counterfeit Halfpence & Farthings. The Colonial
Newsletter, Vol. 34(3), pp. 1465-1468, 1994. Photocopy.
A brief analysis of counterfeit 19th century English coppers indicating die links to British evasion pieces.
Suggests that they are British, not American, in origin.
Weyl, Adolph. 3-spraechige chinesische Muenzen, welch in und fuer Ost-Turkestan (Tien-schan-nan-lu)
geschlagen sind. Reprint from Berliner Muenz-Blaetter No. 20-22, April-June 1882.
A brief monograph on the coinage of Islamic Chinese Turkestan (1736-1875). The coins are typical squareholed
Chinese cash types, but legends are in Chinese, Uighur and Arabic.
Whelan, Estelle J. A Contribution to Danishmendid History: The Figured Copper Coins. ANS Museum Notes,
Vol. 25, pp. 133-166, 1980.
A description of the coins of the Islamic Danishmandid dynasty of central Anatolia.
Whelan, Estelle J. The Public Figure: Political Iconography in Medieval Mesopotamia. Melisende, London, 2006.
Posthumous publication of her 1979 doctoral dissertation. The author provides a survey of iconography
including both human and animal figures in early Islamic times, then discusses the public figural iconography
th th
of al-Jazira (northern Mesopotamia) in the 12 and 13 centuries on coins and architecture. The area was on
a major trade route between the Islamic capital Baghdad and Europe, and the author concludes that the figural
249

iconography was intended to enhance legitimacy and authority of Turkish dynasties newly established in the
area. There follows an extensive catalogue of figural copper and silver coins of the Danishmandids (Sivas,
Kayseri and Malatyah), Artuqids (Mardin, Hisn Kayfa, Kharput), Zangids (Mosul, Aleppo, Sinjar, Jazirat ibn
‘Umar), Begteginids (Arbil) and Ayyubids (Mayyafariqin). Coins are well photographed, fully described with
legends written out in Arabic and translated, and she tries to identify sources for the images on the coins.
There is also an extensive catalogue of iconograph on architectural reliefs of the ‘Abbasids, Marwanids,
Numayrids, Seljuqs, Inalids, Artuqids, Zangids and Ayyubids. Exceptional work that not only describes the
coins, but also attempts to place the iconography into a geographical and political context.
Whitcomb, Donald S. The Fars Hoard: A Buyid Hoard from Fars Province, Iran. ANS Museum Notes Volume 21,
pp. 161-250, 1976.
A hoard of 272 dirhams of the Buwayhids from 12 different mints. Legends written out in Arabic on many
coins. There are four plates of photographs. There is a nice historical discussion of coin minting in Fars and
of the importance of each of the mints.
White, R. Byron. A Comprehensive Finding List of Chinese Cash, 618 AD to 1912 AD. Published by the author,
Sheldonville, MA, 1976.
A checklist and identification guide for Chinese Cash from the T'ang dynasty to the end of the Empire. It is
much like the identification guides in Schjoth, but includes more types and cross-references to several
different catalogues of Chinese Cash.
Whitehead, R. B. Catalogue of Coins in the Punjab Museum, Lahore. Vol. III. Coins of Nadir Shah and the
Durrani Dynasty. Originally published by Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1934. Reprintedby Lahore Museum,
Lahore, 1977.
The Islamic coins of Nadir Shah of the Persian Afsharid dynasty and of the Durrani dynasty of Afghanistan.
A good historical introduction with good overviews of the different mint towns. Full descriptions of Arabic
inscriptions. Fourteen plates of photographs.
Whitehead, R. B. Coins and Indian History. In Harald Ingholt, Centennial Publication of the American
Numismatic Society, New York, 1958, pp. 697-712.
A short summary of the development of coinage of India. There is one plate of nice photos of select types
covering 2500 years.
Whiting, Robert M. A Copper Coin of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud of Hamah (A.H. 626-642). J. Near Eastern Studies,
Vol. 43(2), pp. 247-251, 1984. Offprint.
Description and significance of a rare Ayyubid copper from Hamah.
Wielandt, Friedrich. Schaffhauser Muenz- und Geldgeschichte. Schaffhauser Kantonalbank, Schaffhausen, 1959.
The coinage of the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen. A detailed history and catalogue, 1045 through the 19th
century.
Wielandt, Friedrich. Muenz- und Geldgeschichte des Standes Zug. Published by the Zuger Kantonalbank, Zug,
1966.
The coinage of the Swiss canton of Zug. Wielandt does his usual detailed historical treatment from Celtic
times until the 20th century. The catalogue covers from the beginning of Zug coinage (1564) until 1805, plus
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two later Schuetzentalers.
Wielandt, Friedrich. Muenz- und Geldgeschichte des Standes Schwyz. Published by the Kantonalbank Schwyz,
Schwyz, 1964. In German.
A comprehensive historical treatment of the coinage of the Canton Schwyz, Switzerland. The text includes
the monetary history of the area from Roman times until the 16th century, when Schwyz began issuing its own
coinage (in a union with Uri and Nidwalden), as well as extensive coverage of the history from the 16th
century onwards. Almost 200 coins are catalogued, with most photographed. The text is illustrated with
coins, copies of documents, lithographs, maps, etc.
Wielandt, Friedrich. Muenzen und Geld in Pforzheim. Volksbank Pforzheim, 1968.
The coinage of the Pforzheim mint for Baden. Pforzheim itself was not authorized to mint its own coinage.
Includes Notgeld issued by the city. A history and catalogue from Celtic times through the 20th century.
Wielandt, Friedrich. Muenz- und Geldgeschichte des Standes Luzern. Schweizerischer Bankverein, 1969.
th
The coinage of the Swiss Canton of Lucerne/Luzern from 1418 through the 19 Century. The book is a
typically outstanding monograph by Weilandt with detailed history and monetary history and plates of coins,
city views, historical figures, coin dies, etc.
Wielandt, Friedrich. Schweizerische Muenzkataloge VI. Die Basler Muenzpraegung von der Merowingerzeit bis
zur Verpfaendung der bischoeflichen Muenze an die Stadt im Jahr 1373. Societe Suisse de Numismatique,
Bern, 1971.
The coinage of the city and bishopric of Basel, Switzerland, from the 7th century until 1373.
Wielandt, Friedrich. Der Breisgauer Pfennig und seine Muenzstaetten. Ein Beitrag zur Muenz- und
Geldgeschichte des Alemannenlandes im Mittelalter. Second Edition. G. Braun Hofbuchdruckerei und
Verlag, Karlsruhe, 1976. First edition appeared in 1951.
A detailed treatment of the coinage of the Breisgau district of Baden, Germany, which includes mint towns of
Breisach, Freiburg, Rappoltstein, Baden-Hachberg, Uesenberg, Muenster, Staufen, Neuenburg a. Rhein,
Todtnau, Villingen, Waldshut, Tiengen, Schaffhausen, Diessenhofen and Laufenburg. The book covers from
the 12th century to the beginning of the 15th century. Approximately 150 coins are photographed and
described by subject matter. My copy lacks pages 89-104 and duplicates pages 105-120. Have a photocopy
of missing pages from ANS library.
Wielandt, Friedrich. Badische Muenz- und Geldgeschichte. Third Edition. Verlag G. Braun, Karlsruhe, 1979.
First edition appeared in 1955.
A history and catalogue of the coinage of Baden from Celtic times through the 20th century.
Wilberg, Max. Regenten-Tabellen. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria, 1962. Facsimile
reprint of original published in 1906 by Verlag von Paul Beholtz, Frankfurt a. Oder.
A compilation of tables of rulers of countries, empires, city-states, etc., from earliest time through the 19th
century, with the dates that they ruled.
Wood, Howland. The Gampola Larin Hoard. American Numismatic Society, Numismatic Notes and Monographs
No. 61, New York, 1934.
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Description of a large hoard of larins from Ceylon. Every piece is described and photographed, and the
legends are readable on the photos. The text includes transliterated legends.
Woodward, A. M. Tracey. The Minted Ten-Cash Coins of China. Published by Michael Fried, Oakland, California,
1971.
A compilation of 17 articles on milled 10 cash coins of China that originally appeared in The China Journal
from 1926-1935. It is one of the key works on the varieties of copper 10 cash coins. There are mediocre
photographs, but the text helps in discovering how the varieties differ from one another.
Wright, H. Nelson. Coins of the Mughal Emperors. Formerly published as Catalogue of the Coins in the Indian
Museum, Calcutta, Vol. III, Mughal Emperors of India, Calcutta, 1908. Reprinted by Deep Publications,
Delhi, 1975.
One of the main references on the Mughal Emperors. A good historical introduction. Not quite as userfriendly
as the BMC catalogue, but good nonetheless. A fair number of coins photographed on mediocre
plates.
Wright, H. Nelson. The Coinage and Metrology of the Sultans of Dehli. Originally published by Oxford University
Press, London, 1936. Reprint by Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, New Dehli, 1974.
Probably the best reference currently available on the Dehli Sultanate. It is in typical format with legends
written out and interspered with discussions of metrology and other aspects of numismatic history. It includes
the Ghorids. There are several plates of mediocre photos and many appendices with tables of ornaments,
titles, legends, etc.
[Wuethrich, Gottlieb.] Sammlung Gottlieb Wuethrich. Muenzen und Medaillen, Auktion 45, Basel, 1971.
An important auction of the coins of Switzerland, including a large collection of early bracteates and other
medieval types. Also includes coins of Germany, including the Breisgau (Freising), Ulm, Augsburg
Wurtzel, Carl. The Coinage of the Revolutionaries in the Late Umayyad Period. American Numismatic Society
Museum Notes, Vol. 23, pp. 161-199. Photocopy.
Coins of Abbasid revolutionaries at the end of the Umayyad period (730's). It includes a full description of 47
coin types and provides a scholarly discussion of the history of the revolutionaries and assignment of different
types to different revolutionary factions.
Yakubovskii, A. Yu. Ob Odnom Rannesamanidskom Fel’se/ On an Early Samanid Fals. Kratkiye Soobshcheniya o
Dokladakh i Polevykh Issledovaniyakh Instituta Istorii Material’noi Kul’tury, Akademiya Nauk Soyuza SSR,
Vol. XII, pp. 103-112, 1946.
Description and discussion of an extremely rare Samanid fals, al-Shash 265, in the name of Ya’kub bin
Ahmad.
Yan Tao. The Temporary Currency in Changzhou Area (China). Published in China, 2000. In Chinese
Catalogue of 991 different bronze and wooden tokens of Jiangsu (Kiangsu). Includes some banknotes, too.
Yanin, V. L. Denezhno-Vesoviye Sistemy Russkogo Srednevekov’ya. Domongol’skii Period/ Monetary System of
Medieval Russia, the Pre-Mongol Period. Izdatel’stvo Moskovskovo Universiteta, Moscow, 1956.
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The early monetary history or Russia and eastern Europe. There are no photos, drawings or descriptions of
coins, only text and maps. Much of the work is devoted to use of Islamic coins based on many hoard finds
summarized in tables at the end of the book.
Yanin, V. L. K Shestidesyatiletiyu Ivana Georgievicha Spasskogo/On Ivan Georgievich Spassky’s Sixtieth Birthday.
Numizmatika i Epigrafika, Vol. V, pp. 3-9, 1965.
A tribute to Spassky, with a list of his published works.
Yanin, V. L. (Ed.) Numizmatika Antichnogo Prichernomor’ya/ Numismatics of the Ancient Black Sea Coast.
Sbornik Nauchnykh Trudov, Akademiya Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR, Kiev, 1982.
A collection of papers on coins the northern Black Sea area in present-day Ukraine. Most of the articles are
not illustrated. Among the subjects of the papers are Istrian arrow coinage (Zaginailo), several papers on
Bosporus coinage, Pantikapaion (Shelov), Kolchis (Vartanov).
Yanin, V. L. (Ed.) Arkheologicheskiye Pamyatniki Moskvy I Podmoskov’ya/ Archaeological Sites of Moscow and
Surrounding Areas. Trudy Muzeya Istorii Goroda Moskvy, Volume 10, Moscow, 2000.
A collection of papers by many authors concentrating primarily on archaeological sites in and around
Moscow. The sites span ancient through medieval and early modern times. There are a few articles about
coin hoards, including one lengthy one by Volkov (pp. 132-147) analyzing the occurrence of coins of
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Novgorod in 15 century coin hoards found in the Moscow area. There are no illustrations in the coin
articles, but many excellent line drawings of artifacts in the archaeology articles. Each paper has an English
summary.
Yanin, V. L. and S. A. Yanina. Nachal’nyi Period Ryzanskoi Monetnoi Chekanki/ The Early Period of Coin
Striking in Ryazan. Gosudarstvennoye Izdatel’stvo Kul’turno-Prosvetitel’noi Literatury, Numizmaticheskii
Sbornik, Part One, pp. 109-123, Moscow, 1955.
A discussion and analysis of the early Ryazan dengas with Cyrillic letters and early Tamgas counterstruck on
Golden Horde dirhams. It is mostly text, but there are line drawings of the early countermarks and a list of the
Golden Horde coins on which they were found.
Yanina, S. A. Dzhuchidskie Monety iz Raskopok i Sborov Kuibyshevskoi Ekspeditsii v Bolgarakh v 1946-1952
gg/ Jujid coins from the Raskopok and Kuibyshev Expeditions in Bulghar in 1946-1952. Materialy i
Issledovaniya po Arkheologii SSSR, Vol 42, pp. 424-484, 1954.
The first and longest of four reports, upon which the other three are based. There are 158 coins described,
included countermarked coins and imitations. There are line drawings of all or most, legends written out in
the text. The coins include silver and copper from the earliest anonymous coinage through Toqtamish,
including some of the very rare rulers and pretenders not listed in Album’s Checklist. Types are referenced
back to Fraehn and other authorities. Very useful, very important.
Yanina, S. A. Dzhuchidskie Monety iz Raskopok i Sborov Kuibyshevskoi Ekspeditsii v Bolgarakh v 1953-1954
gg/ Jujid coins from the Raskopok and Kuibyshev Expeditions in Bulghar in 1953-1954. Materialy i
Issledovaniya po Arkheologii SSSR, Vol 61, 392-423, 1958.
See Yanina, 1954. This two-year period added several new types to the first report.
Yanina, S. A. Dzhuchidskie Monety iz Raskopok i Sborov Kuibyshevskoi Ekspeditsii v Bolgarakh v 1957 godu/
Jujid coins from the Raskopok and Kuibyshev Expeditions in Bulghar in 1957. Materialy i Issledovaniya po
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Arkheologii SSSR, Vol 80, 210-223, 1960.
See Yanina 1954 and 1958. This report adds perhaps one dozen new types to the previous two publications.
Yanina, S. A. Kuficheskie Serebryaniye Monety s Bolgarskovo Gorodishcha (1957 god)/ Kufic Silver Coins from
the Town of Bolgar. Materialy i Issledovaniya po Arkheologii SSSR, Vol 80, 224-225, 1960.
Seven Samanid dirhams of Isma’il b. Ahmad and Ahmad b. Ismail. Samarqand, al-Shash and Nisabur mints.
Yanina, S. A. Dzhuchidskie Monety iz Raskopok i Sborov Kuibyshevskoi Ekspeditsii v Bolgarakh v 1946-1958
vv/ Jujid coins from the Raskopok and Kuibyshev Expeditions in Bulghar in 1946-1958. Materialy i
Issledovaniya po Arkheologii SSSR, Vol 111, 154-177, 1962.
A continuation and summary of all years. It adds a few new types from 1958 and summarizes the results from
all 13 years of work on the Golden Horde.
Yanina, S. A. Zolotie Anonimnye Monety Khorezma 60-70-x gg. XIV Veka v Sobranii Gosudarstvennogo
Istoricheskogo Muzeya/ Anonymous Golden Horde Coins of Khorezm from the 1360s-1370s in the Collection
of the GIM. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Part IV, Number III, pp. 25-76,
1971.
A description of a group of anonymous dirhams from time of anarchy preceding the reign of Toqtamish. The
author lists all of the coins known to have been struck by the Golden Horde at Khwarizm from AH 758-813.
The coins discussed in the article are described with line drawings, photos, and legends written out.
Yanina, S. A. “Novii Gorod” (=Yangi Shekhr = Shekhr al-Dzhedid) -Monetnyi Dvor Zolotoi Ordi i ego
Mestopolozheniye/ Mint of the Golden Horde and its Location. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik I, Part Five, pp.
193-213. Trudi Gosudarstvennogo Ordena Lenina Istoricheskogo Muzeya, Moscow, 1977.
Detailed article with full coin descriptions and tables of legends of coins of the Golden Horde with the mint
names Yangi Shahr, Shahr al-Judida and al-Mahrusa. Looks useful. Includes line drawings of the legends as
they appear on the coins and one plate of photos.
Yausheva-Omel’yanchik, Raisa. Monetniye Grivny XI-XV Vekov (iz Sobraniya Natsional’nogo Muzeya Istorii
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Ukrainy)/ Grivnas from the 9 - 15 Centuries (from the Collection of the National Museum of History of the
Ukraine). Numizmatika i Faleristika 1999(1), pp. 14-23.
A description of 110 silver Grivnas, with line drawings showing distinguishing characteristics (graffiti, shapes,
etc.), tables of weights and metal content. Neat article.
Yausheva-Omel’yanchik, Raisa. Monetni Dvori na Terenakh Ukraini (vid Minulovo do Sbogodennya)/ Mints within
the Territory of the Ukraine (from Past to Present). Numizmatika i Faleristika 2001(4), pp. 27-29.
Short article with nice photographs showing coinage from ancient times (Olbia, Tyra, Pantikapaion, and
others), medieval (Kiev, Novborod-Siverski, L’viv, and others), Solkhat and Baghcha Saray.
Yeats, William Butler. W. B. Yeats and the Designing of Ireland's Coinage. The Dolmen Press, Ltd., Dublin,
1972.
A collection of essays, only one of which is by Yeats, on how the modern coinage of Ireland was designed.
Yeats was head of the committee that chose the designs of the coinage issued first in 1928. There is one brief
overview of early Irish coinage by Arthur E. J. Went.
254

th
Yemanov, A. G. Svyatoi Georgii na Folleri Kafy XV Veka/ Saint George on Follaros of Kaffa in the 15 Century.
Pp. 71-77, in Vilinbakhov, G. V. (Editor), Numizmaticheskii Sbornik 1998, Gosudarsbennyi Ermitazh, Sankt-
Petersburg, 1998.
Three types of copper follaro (or pul or pulo) from Genoese Kaffa. All three have St. George on the obverse,
although he does not appear to be slaying a dragon. The reverse has a tamga, two different types, and one has
stars around the tamga. Good line drawings of all three coins.
Yeoman, R. S. Moneys of the Bible. Whitman Publishing Company, Racine, Wisconsin, 1961.
An illustrated overview of the coinage of Greece, Rome and Judea during biblical times, including scriptural
references to specific coins.
Yeoman, R. S. Modern World Coins, 1850-1964. Whitman Publishing Company, Racine, Wisconsin, 1967.
One of the classic standard catalogues. Virtually worthless with the expanded detail of Krause. The source of
Y numbers.
Yevstratov, I. V. Giias ad-Din Sar (?) Khan - Novyi Zolotoordynskii Emitent XV v/ Ghiyas al-Din Sar(?)Khan - A
th
New Golden Horde Ruler from the 15 Century. Odinnadtsataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya
Konferentsiya, Sankt Petersburg, 14-18 Aprelya 2003, pp. 91-93, 2003.
Coins of al-Saray dated AH 819-824 with the name Ghiyas al-Din and perhaps the laqab Sar Khan. Ghiyas al-
Din was a son of Tash-Timur.
Yih, Tjong Ding. Chaghatayid Coins from Sinkiang: Tri-lingual Coins. Proceedings of the Xith International
Numismatic Congress, Volume III, pp. 343-348, 1993.
A description of coins of the Almaligh mint. There are Uighur and Phagsba legends in addition to the Arabic.
There are nice photos and discussions of translations of the legends.
Yih, Tjong Ding. Voprosy Izucheniya Chagataiskikh Tamg/ Questions on the Study of the Chaghatayid Tamga.
Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh Numizmaticheskikh Konferentsii, Rossiiskaya Akademiy Nauk, Moscow, pp. 73-
78, 2005.
An analysis of tamgas found on Chagatayid coins.
Yih, T. D. The Typology of Xinjiang Silver Half Miscal Pieces Inscribed Obdan Gumush/Besh Fen. Offprint from
Numismatic Chronicle, Volume 166, pp. 335-357, 2006.
An examination of die varieties and discussion of possible origin of these coins. They are attributed to
Kuche/Kucha in KM, but the author questions this attibution. He suggests they were not issued by Yakub
Beg, but rather under Chinese suzerainty, even though they have many characteristics of Yakub Beg’s
coinage.
Yih, T. D. The Typology of Xinjiang Silver Tenga and Copper Fulus of Yakub Beg (1820-1877). Numismatic
Chronicle, Volume 169, pp. 287-329, plates 33-44,2009.
A very detailed examination of the silver and copper coins struck by the rebel Yakub Beg in
Sinkiang/Xinjiang in the name of the Ottoman Sultan Abdul ‘Aziz. Beautiful drawings illustrating the
different varietes and large, clear photographs. Some of my coins are included in his work. Excellent work.
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Yih, T. D. and J. de Kreek. Newly Discovered Chaghatayid Coins from Almaligh. Journal of the Classical and
Medieval Numismatic Society, Series Two, Volume Six, Number Three, pp. 12-43, September, 2005.
A description of eight silver types and four copper types from Almaligh. Each type has a line drawing, and
there are photographic plates as well. The dates are AH 637 to the AH 770s.
Youroukova, Jordanka and Vladimir Penchev. Bulgarski srednovekovni pechati i moneti/Bulgarian medieval coins
and seals. Izdatelstvo Bulgarski Khudozhnik, Sofia, 1990. (In Bulgarian, with English summary).
A catalogue of seals (by Youroukova) and coins (by Penchev) of medieval Bulgaria. The first work in this
area since Mushmov. The text has descriptions of the coins, and there are wonderful enlarged photos
throughout the text. A series of photographic plates is included at the end, with coin descriptions in both
Bulgarian and English (in separate tables). A wonderful book.
Yu Liuliang et al. Zhong Guo Hua Qian (Chinese Amulet Coins). China, 1992. In Chinese.
Rubbings of 2231 Chinese amulets. There is virtually no descriptive information, but since the book is in
Chinese, it’s probably just as well. It appears to be arranged somewhat thematically, but one must basically
page through the book to find a match to anything one might be looking up.
Yuan Tao. Non-governmental Local Currencies in Changzhou during Anti-Japanese War. Photocopied journal
article in Chinese, Journal name and date of publication unknown. Pages 491-501.
Token coinage from Kiangsu province stemming from the period 1939-1941. Includes round copper tokens
and retangular ivory and bone tokens. Illustrated.
Zadneprovskii, Yu. A. And V. M. Masson. Literatura po Numizmatike Srednei Azii v SSSR za 11 Let (1945-1955
gg/ Literature on the Numismatics of Central Asia in the USSR over an 11-year Period (1945-1955).
Epigrafika Vostoka Volume XII, pp. 111-118, 1958.
A bibliography of 73 publications from the Soviet Union arranged by year. Many are on Islamic coins.
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Zagreba, Maksim. Monety Vizantiiskogo Khersonesa IX-XII st./ Coins of Byzantine Chersonessus, 9 - 12
Centuries. Numizmatika i Faleristika 1998(3), pp. 10-17.
A nicely written article covering Byzantine coins from Ukraine. There are nice line drawings of 84 types, all
cast coppers. There are photos of a few of the coin plus a nice table of monograms found on the coins.
Zagreba, Maksim and Konstantin Khromov. Mini-Katalog Monet Rossii 1863-1917 gg. Krym (Rossiiskii
Protektorat) Shahin Girei 1777-1783. Numizmatika i Faleristika 2002(3), pp. 43-45.
Line drawings of each denomination known from the last ruler of the Giray Khans, Shahin Giray, with
valuations for each year in three grades.
Zaitsev, V. V. Redkie i Neizdannye Monety Ivana III (1462-1505) i Vasiliya III (1505-1533) iz Moskovskovo Klada
c Ul. Colyanka/ Rare and Unknown Coins if Ivan III and Vasilii III from the Moscow Hoard on Solyanka
Street. Numizmaticheskii Sbornik No. 5, Moskovskoe Numizmaticheskoe Obshchestvo, Moscow, pp. 166-
189, 1997.
Description of 24 wire dengas from the reigns of Ivan III and Vasilii III. Most can be assigned to a specific
reign, but a few are known to be from the time of the two reigns but cannot be assigned to one or the other.
Nice line drawings, mediocre photos.
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Zaitsev, V. V. Denezhnaya Reforma 20-x gg. XV v.: Datirovka i Soderzhaniye/ Monetary Reform in the second
th
decade of the 15 Century: Contents and Dating. Pp. 146-168. In: Gaidukov, P. G. (Ed.) Trudy
Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya Vypusk 138, Numismaticheskii Sbornik GIM, Tom XVI, Moscow,
2003.
Coins of Moscow Rus’ from the reigns of Vasilii Dmitrievich, Vasilii Temnovo, Yuri Dmitrievich, Andrei
Dmitrievich, Petr Dmitrievich, Konstantin Dmitrievich and Semen Vladimirovich.
Zaitsev, Vasilii V. Materialy po Russkoi Numizmatike XV Veka. Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei (Moscow),
Yunona Moneta, Kiev, 2004.
The first part is a very nice description of two hoards of wire coinage of the Grand Princes of Moscow in the
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14 and 15 centuries. It includes photos, line drawings and full descriptions of coins of Vasilii Dmitrievich
and Vasilii Vasil’yevich Temnyi (some with Arabic/Golden Horde reverses). There are also coins of rulers of
contemporary Principalities. The second part contains coins from the Principality of Dmitrov, Prince Petr
Dmitrievich. Some of these have Arabic reverses, some are fantastic centaur types. Great work!
Zaitsev, Vasilii V. O Datirovke Nadchekanok v Vide ‘Stolbov’ na Zolotoordynskikh Monetakh/ On Dating
Countermarks in the Shape of a Column on Coins of the Golden Horde. Pp. 171-175 In: Srednevekovaya
Numizmatrika Vostochnoi Yevropy, Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Vypusk I, Izdastel’stvo Drevlekhranilishche,
Moscow, 2006.
The author concludes that the countermarks were applied on coins of the Golden Horde from the end of the
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14 Century until the early 1420s. There are photos of four coins with the countermark and a list of known
hosts with the countermark. Nice paper.
Zaitsev, Vasilii V. Novye Nakhodki Gorodenskikh Deneg Velikogo Knyazya Ivana Mikhailovicha/ New Finds of
Dengas from Goroden’ of the Grand Prince Ivan Mikhailovich. Pp. 88-94, in: Zaitsev, V. V. (Ed) Trudy
Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya Vypusk 171, Numizmaticheskii Sbornik GIM, Tom XVIII,
Moscow, 2007.
A description of coins of Goroden’ struck in during the reign of Ivan Mikhailovich, Grand Prince of Tver
(1399-1425). Nice coins with a winged and crowned horse or centaur on the obverse, several varieties of
legends on the reverse.
Zaitsev, Vasilii V. Neopisannyi Tip Dengi Yaroslava Vladimirovicha, Knyazya Maloyaroslavetskogo/ An
Unpublished Type of Coin of Yaroslav Vladimirovich, Prince of Maloyaroslavets. Numizmatika No. 1 (20),
pp. 12-14, February, 2009.
A new coin type of Yaroslav Vladimirovich (1410-1426). Man’s face left with a pointed hat on the obverse,
legend around, reverse with three-lined inscription.
Zaitsev, Vasilii V. O Denezhnom Chekane Ivana Andreevicha Mozhaiskogo/ On Coins Struck by Ivan Andreevich of
Mozhaisk. Pp. 141-143 In: Pyatnadtsataya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsia,
Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, Moscow, 2009.
Line drawings of eight silver and two copper coins of Ivan Andreevich (1432-1454).
Zaitsev, Vasilii V. and V. L. Leibov. Denezhno-Veshchevoi Klad Kontsa XIV v. iz Vladimirskoi Oblasti/ A Hoard of
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Coins and Non-Numismatic Items from the end of the 14 Century found in Vladimir Oblast. Pp. 11-31 In:
Srednevekovaya Numizmatrika Vostochnoi Yevropy, Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Vypusk I, Izdastel’stvo
Drevlekhranilishche, Moscow, 2006.
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Coins of the Great Principalities of Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow along with Golden Horde coins of Jani
Beg and Birdi Beg. Most of the coins from both principalities have blundered Arabic legends. Many of the
Moscow pieces have various countermarks showing a prancing or running wild animal on coins of the Golden
Horde. There were also three rings found in the hoard. Great high-quality photographs and line drawings.
Zaitsev, Vasilii V. and V. L. Leibov. Novye Materialy k Svodnomu Katalogu Monet Petra Dmitrievicha
Dmitrovskogo/ New Material towards a Comprehensive Catalogue of the Coins of Petr Dmitrii of
Principality of Dmitrov. Pp. 76-96 In: Srednevekovaya Numizmatrika Vostochnoi Yevropy,
Numizmaticheskii Sbornik, Vypusk I, Izdastel’stvo Drevlekhranilishche, Moscow, 2006.
Silver and copper coins of the Russian principality of Dmitrov (1389-1427). Several have blundred Arabic
legends imitating Golden Horde types, and there are two wonderful types with a centaur. High-quality
photographic plates and some extraordinary line drawings.
Zambaur, Eduard von. Contributions a la Numismatique Orientale. Monnaies inedites ou rares des Dynasties
Musulmanes de la Collection de l'Auteur. Parts 1 and 2. Numismatische Zeitschrift, vol. 36, pp. 43-122,
1904, and vol. 37, pp. 113-198, 1905.
Descriptions of the author's extensive collection of Islamic coins spanning many different dynasties. Full
Arabic readings of coins.
Part I - Umayyad, Abbasid partisans, Abbasids, Almoravids (Murabitid), Rassids, Tulunids, Ayyubids,
Saffarids, Samanids, Qarakhanid (Khaqans of Turkestan), Ghaznavids, Khwarezmshahs, Buyids, Great
Seljuq, Seljuq of Kirman, Menkujakid, Artuqids, Zangids, Begteginid (Atabeg of Irbil), Ilkhan, Qara
Qoyunlu, Muzaffarid, Sarbadarid, Shaybanid, Durrani, Barakzai, Civic coppers, Eretnid, Ottoman, Qajar,
Sultans of Delhi, Bengal, Moghul.
Part II - Tahirid, Aghlabid, Murabitid, Muwahhid, Fatimid, Ayyubid, Samanid, Buyid, Great Seljuq, Seljuq of
Rum, Artuqid of Mardin, Zangid, Zangid of Halab, Zangid of Sinjar, Ilkhan, Ghorid.
Zambaur, Eduard von. Nouvelles Contributions a la Numismatique Orientale. Monnaies inedites ou rares des
Dynasties Musulmanes de la Collection de l'Auteur. Numismatische Zeitschrift, vol. 47, pp. 115-190, 1914.
A supplement to the earlier work with many additional coins described. Arab-Byzantine, Umayyad, Abbasid,
Samanid, Saffarid (2nd dynasty), Ghaznavid, Buyid, Bavanidid of Tabaristan, Uqaylid, Kakwayhid, Great
Seljuq, Artuqid, Lulu'id, Mirdasid, Fatimid, Zuray'id, Ayyubid, Ilkhan, Jalayrid, Chagatai Khans, Muzaffarid,
Sarbadarid, Shirvan, Chinese Turkestan.
Zambaur, Eduard von. Manuel de Genealogie et de Chronologie pour l’Histoire de l’Islam. Librairie Orientaliste
Heinz Lafaire, Hannover, 1927.
One of the important books elucidating genealogies of Islam dynasties. This one differs from Lane-Poole and
Bosworth in that he lists many of the governors, viziers, and other local officials in addition to the rulers.
There are good genealogical tables, many of which fold out, and an extensive index.
Zambaur, Eduard von. Die Muenzpraegungen des Islams. I. Der Westen und Osten bis zum Indus mit
Synoptischen Tabellen. Franz Steiner Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden, 1968.
Primarily a listing of all known mints of Islamic coins with compilations of the dates at which coins were
struck at each and which Islamic dynasties used them. Gives locations and alternate names of each mint. A
good bibliography through the 1940's (when the book was actually written). Useful, but out of date.
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Zander, Randolph. Russian-English Numismatic Dictionary. Russian Numismatic Society, Akron, Ohio, 1990.
English definitions and explanations of 2,000 numismatic terms associated with the numismatics of Russia,
many with illustrations. Includes an English-Russian glossary, chronologies, maps, mints, monograms and
ciphers, heraldic devices, explanations of dating (Slavic and Georgian), and a basic bibliography.
Zander, Randolph. The Silver Rubles and Yefimoks of Romanov Russia, 1654-1915. Russian Numismatic Society,
Bellingham, WA, 1996.
A history of Romanov Russia and description of the large silver coinage. A nice book even if you don't
collect rubles. There are notes on activity of the mints, bibliographies, and good index. Well-illustrated
throughout. Not a comprehensive catalogue.
Zeimal’, E. V. Drevnie Monety Tadzhikistana/ Ancient Coins of Tadzhistan. Izdatel’stvo Donish, Dushanbe,
1983.
A nice catalogue addressing ancient Central Asian coinage. Includes early Greek and Roman, Lydian
(Achaemenid), Seleukid, early Parthian, Graeco-Baktrian, Mauryan Punchmark, early Sogdian, Eukratid,
Kushan, Sasanian Kushanshahs, and Sogdian. There are good photographs, good history and analysis, etc.
Zeimal’, E. V. The Circulation of Coins in Central Asia during the Early Medieval Period (Fifth-Eight Centuries
A.D.) Bulletin of the Asia Institute, New Series, Volume 8, Bloomfield Hills, pp. 245-267, 1994.
A summary of the coinage of Marw/Merv, Sogdiana, Samarqand (Sino-Sogdian), Northern Tokharistan
(Countermarked Sasanian), Ushrusana, Chach, Semirechye, and Khwarezm. There are photos and line
drawings throughout illustrating the coinage of each area. A useful and important paper.
Zierl, Oluf. Numex Muenzenkatalog Deutschland ab 1871 nut DDR, Kolonien, Besatzungsgebieten, Danzig und
Saar. 6th Edition. Philex-Verlag Juergen Ehrlich, Koeln-Klettenberg, No Date.
An illustrated price guide of modern German coinage by date and mintmark from 1871 through 1976.
Includes German New Guinea, German East Africa, Kiautschou, Occupied lands in both world wars, Danzig
and the Saarland.
Zimonyi, Istvan. The Towns of the Volga Bulghars in the Sources (10-13th Century). Pp. 134-140, In: F. Sh.
Khuzin et al. (Eds) Srednevekovaya Kazan’: Vozniknoveniye I Razvitiye. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi
Nauchnoi Konferentsii Kazan’, 1-3 Iyunya 1999 Goda, Kazan’, 2000
Contempory sources name six Volga-Bulghar towns - Bulgar, Suwar, Velikii Gored, Brahimov, Torchesk and
Oshel. Bulgar could be either present-day Bolgary or Bilyarsk. The location of other towns is more certain.
Brahimov is the Muslim form or Ibrahim and appears to be Bolgary in Kazan, the northern capital of the
Golden Horde, especially in the time of Batu.
Ziya, Ahmed. Catalogue of Islamic Coins. Methbeea Amira, Constantinople, 1910.
A catalogue of his private collection of 2243 coins. Includes Umayyad, Abbasid, Ottoman, Aq Qoyunlu,
Artuqid, Eretnid, Isfendiyarid, Umayyad of Spain, Persian Shahs, Ilkhan, Jalayrid, Idrisid, Ayyubid, Mamluk,
Buwayhid, Qarakhanid, Timurid, Hafsid, Hamdanid, Danishmandid, ‘Alawi Sharifs, Zengid, Lu’lu’id,
Samanid, Ghaznavid, Great Seljuq (and Iraq), Rum Seljuq, Shahinshah, Tulunid, Fatimid, Karamanid, Qara
Qoyunlu, Giray Khans, Murabitid, Marwanid, Muzaffarid and Menkujakid. Legends are written out in minute
Arabic. There is enough English to make it easy to use.
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Zlobin, G V. Monety Shirvanshakhov Dinastii Derbendi (Tret’ya Dinastiya) 784-956 g.kh./ 1382-1548 gg./ Coins of
the Shivanshah Dynasty of Derbend (Third Dynasty) AH 784-956/ 1382-1548 CE. Maska, Moscow, 2010.
History and coinage of the third Shirvanshah dynasty of Shemakha and Darband. Nice enlarged line drawings
of each type and enlarged clear photographic plates at the end. All legends written out in Arabic and
translated into Russian. Excellent reference.
Zograf, A. N. Monety Tiry/ Coins of Tyra. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1957. Originally published in 1939.
A catalogue of more than 125 different coins of Tyra in Thrace on the north coast of the Black Sea. Most of
the coins are photographed on decent plates. Nice book.
Zolotaryev, M. I. and E. M. Kochetkova. Monety Khersonesa Tavricheskogo/ Coins of Tauric Chersonessus.
Galereya Sovremennogo Iskusstva Zelenaya Piramida, Sebastopol, Ukraine, 1999.
A catalogue of 213 coins of Tauric Chersonessus from the collection of the Ukrainian National Museum-
Preserve. The photos are in black and white. 104 of the coins are from Byzantine times, including some
interesting cast coins. There is an English summary of the Russian introduction.
Zonnenbloem, Uitgeverij. Catalogus Munten van de Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie en van Nederlands Indie,
1594-1949. U. Zonnenbloem, Amsterdam, 1972.
Coins of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Netherlands Indies in Indonesia. Nicely done.
Zonnenbloem, Uitgeverij. Catalogus van de zilveren Munten geslagen door de zeven Provincien der Verenigde
Nederlanden 1576-1795. Two volumes. U. Zonnenbloem, Amsterdam, 1974.
The silver coinage of the seven provinces of the Netherlands from 1576-1795. Includes Holland, West
Friesland, Enkhuizen, Zeeland and Utrecht (Volume 1), and Gelderland, Nijmegen, Arnhem, Zutphen,
Zaltbommel, Overijssel, Deventer, Kampen, Zwolle, Friesland, Leeuwarden, Groningen en Ommelanden, and
Groningen.
Zonnenbloem, Uitgeverij. Catalogus van de koperen Munten geslagen door de zeven provincien der verenigde
Nederlanden 1546-1795. U. Zonnenbloem, Amsterdam, 1975.
Copper coinage of the seven provinces of the Netherlands.
Zonnenbloem, Uitgeverij. Officiele Muntencatalogus Nederlands Indie. U. Zonnenbloem, Amsterdam, 1980.
Coinage of the United East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie) (VOC) and the Netherlands
Indies, 1549-1949.
Zrazyuk, Z. A. Redkaya Seriya Moldavskikh Gorodskikh Monet XV v. iz Belgoroda-Dnestrovskovo/ A Rare Series of
th
Moldavian Civic Coins from Belgorod Dnestrovskii from the 15 Century. Sed’maya Vserossiiskaya
Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Moscow, pp. 87-89, 1999.
A group of eight copper coins, bull head on the obverse, from Moldavian Belgorod. Line drawings of all
eight coins.
Zvarich, V. V. Numizmaticheski Slovar’/ Numismatic Dictionary. Izdatel’skoye Ob’yedinyeniye Vishcha Shkola,
Lvov, 1975.
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A Russian language numismatic dictionary with photos of many coins illustrating different denominations.
This was the only guide to identification of coins available for many years in the Soviet Union.
Zverev, S. V. Moskovskiye Dengi i Polushki pervoi Polovini XVII v./ Muscovite Dengas and Polushkas from the
th
first half of the 17 Century. Chetvertaya Vserossiiskaya Numizmaticheskaya Konferentsiya, Moscow, pp.
84-87, 1996.
A description of silver polushkas and dengas from Moscow, 1608-1645. There are line drawings of different
die varieties with all known combinations as is done by Melnikova. The author assigns different dies to
different dates and reigns.
Zverev, S. V. Sistematizatsiya Moskovskikh Polushek i Deneg Pervoi Polovini XVII v./Classification of
th
Muscovite Polushkas and Dengas from the First Half of the 17 Century. Mezhdunarodnii Numizmaticheskii
Al’manakh, Moneta No. 5, Vologda, pp. 84-103.
A description of silver polushkas and dengas from Moscow, 1608-1645. There are line drawings of different
die varieties with all known combinations as is done by Melnikova. The author assigns different dies to
different dates and reigns. This is an expanded version of his 1996 paper.
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