LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER VEHICLES - FTP Directory Listing - NATO

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
SUMMARY I
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Applications of Interest I
1.2 Design Aims 2
1.3 Flow Problems 2
1.4 Scope of Review 3
2. BOUNDARY LAYER BEHAVIOR 3
2.1 Historical Background 4
2.2 Laminar Flow 4
2.3 Separation Bubble and Transition 5
2.4 Low Reynolds Number Turbulent Flow 6
3. DESIGN AND MODELING PROCEDURES 6
3.1 Thc Eppler Airfoil Design and Analysis Program 7
3.1.1 Theory 7
3.1.2 Examples Using Eppler's Method 8
3.1.3 Remarks 8
3.2 Viscous-Inviscid Interaction Methods 8
3.3 Numerical Modeling 10
3.3.1 Physical Problem and Governing Equations 10
3.3.2. Numerical Technique II
3.3.3 Typical Results 12
4. EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF DESIGN 12
4.1 Wind Tunnel Experiments 12
4.1.1 Influence of Experimental Technique and Procedure 12
4.1.1.1 Wind Tunnel and Force Balance 13
4.1.1.2 Pressure Measurement 14
4.1.1.3 Discussion of Results 14
4.1.2 Influence of Free Stream Disturbances 15
4.1.2.1 Experimental Apparatus and Procedure 15
4.1.2.2 Disturbance Evironment — No Airfoil Present 16
4.1.2.3 Airfoil Performance 18
4.1.2.4 Remarks 20
4.1.3 The Influence of Surface Roughness 20
4.1.4 Finite Wing Experiments 21
4.2 Flight Research Experiments 22
5. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 22
5.1 Remotely Piloted Vehicles and Sailplanes 23
5.2 Wind Turbines 23
6. CONCLUDING REMARKS 24
7. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 24
REFERENCES 25
FIGURES 32
Page